UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SSHAREHOLDERS’~~HARE~~~~HOLDERS’~~ EQUITY

FOR THE ~~NINE~~THREE MONTHS ENDED ~~SEPTEMBER~~JUNE 30, ~~2017~~2023 AND ~~2016~~2022

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ~~CASH FLOWS~~CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Business First Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, ~~Business First Bank~~b1BANK (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Business First Insurance, LLC and ~~American Gateway Insurance Agency,~~Smith Shellnut Wilson, LLC. The Bank operates out of ~~nineteen offices, including sixteen full service~~full-service banking centers ~~two~~and loan production offices ~~and one wealth solutions office~~ in markets across Louisiana, the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex and Houston, Texas. As a state bank, it is subject to regulation by the ~~Louisiana~~ Office of Financial Institutions (“OFI”), State of Louisiana, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and undergoes periodic examinations by these agencies. The Company is also regulated by the Federal Reserve and is subject to periodic examinations.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial results for the periods presented, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. All material intercompany transactions are eliminated. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and, therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally presented in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been omitted or abbreviated. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures for the Company’s previously filed Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,2022.

Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on ~~management~~’smanagement’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. ~~Estimates are used in~~Critical accounting ~~for, among other items, the allowance for loan losses, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, fair value of financial instruments, deferred taxes, and contingencies. Estimates~~estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change for the Company include the determination of the acquired loans and allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses and purchase accounting adjustments (other than loans). Other estimates include goodwill, fair value of financial instruments, investment securities and the assessment of ~~deferred tax assets and liabilities and, therefore, are critical accounting policies.~~income taxes. Management does not anticipate any material changes to estimates in the near term. Factors that may cause sensitivity to the aforementioned estimates include but are not limited to: external market factors such as market interest rates and employment rates, changes to operating policies and procedures, economic conditions in ~~our~~the Company’s markets, and changes in applicable banking regulations. Actual results may ultimately differ from ~~estimates, although management does not generally believe such differences would materially affect the consolidated financial statements in any individual reporting period presented.~~estimates.

~~Certain reclassifications may~~Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13,Financial Instrument – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments related to the impairment of financial instruments. This guidance, commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”), changes impairment recognition to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. Prior to January 1, 2023, the allowance for credit losses was established based on an incurred loss model. Upon the adoption of CECL, certain loan classification and segmentation categories were changed to align with the requirements of the standard and more effectively model the CECL estimate. The updated CECL segmentation is reflected in the disclosures beginning January 1, 2023, and prior period classifications have been ~~made~~adjusted to ~~conform~~reflect CECL segmentations. Results from periods prior to January 1, 2023, are presented using the previously applicable GAAP.

Upon adoption of the guidance on January 1, 2023, the Company recognized an $827,000 reduction to retained earnings, after recording the related deferred tax asset adjustment at our effective tax rate. The Company and b1BANK are subject to various regulatory capital requirements. Although the federal banking regulatory agencies have provided relief for an initial capital decrease at adoption of the CECL standard, the Company does not intend to opt into the relief as the impact of adoption was not significant to the ~~classifications adopted for reporting in 2017. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported net income.~~Company’s regulatory capital.

The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s available-for-sale securities as most of this portfolio consists of U.S. treasury and agency securities as well as highly rated residential agency mortgage-backed, corporate, and municipal securities. However, any subsequent estimated credit losses are required to be recognized through an allowance for credit losses associated with the applicable securities.

Table of Contents

The Company also adopted ASU 2022-02,Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326),Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures on January 1, 2023. The standard modifies the criteria for identification of troubled debt restructurings as well as enhancing disclosure requirements. Additionally, the guidance requires vintage table disclosures and presentation of gross write-offs during the current period by year of origination for financing receivables within scope of the standard. The implementation of the standard did not have a material impact of the identification of troubled debt restructurings and the vintage and charge-off disclosures have been presented in the footnotes below.

The Company calculates its allowance for credit losses utilizing a CECL methodology. CECL requires management’s estimate of credit losses over the full remaining expected life of loans and other financial instruments and for the Company, CECL applies to loans, unfunded commitments, and available for sale securities. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs, inclusive of recoveries. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets. Forecasted economic scenarios are considered over a reasonable and supportable forecast period, currently one year, which incorporates Company and peer historical losses. After the forecast period, the Company reverts to long-term historical loss experience on a straight-line basis over a one-year period, adjusted for the composition of the current loan portfolio, to estimate losses over the remaining lives of the portfolio. The economic scenarios are updated at least quarterly and are designed to provide estimates that take into consideration the customer base of our loan portfolio. Loss estimates also consider factors affecting credit losses not reflected in the model, including trends in the portfolio, credit management and underwriting practices and economic conditions affecting our operating footprint.

The allowance recorded for loan losses utilizes forward-looking expected loss models to consider a variety of factors affecting lifetime credit losses. These factors include loan and borrower characteristics, such as internal risk ratings, delinquency status, collateral type and available valuation information, and the remaining term of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. Where loans do not exhibit similar risk characteristics, an individual analysis is performed to consider expected credit losses. For each loan portfolio, model estimates are adjusted as necessary to consider any relevant changes in portfolio composition, lending policies, underwriting standards, risk management practices or economic conditions that would affect the accuracy of the model. The results of the analysis are evaluated quarterly to confirm the estimates are appropriate for each loan portfolio. Expected loan loss estimates also include consideration of expected cash recoveries on loans previously charged-off, or expected recoveries on collateral dependent loans where recovery is expected through sale of the collateral. The allowance recorded for individually evaluated loans is based on an analysis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or when repayment is expected through the sale of collateral, the fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, for collateral-dependent loans.

The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis on its loan portfolio. The Company has also elected to not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest for loans held-for-investment based on its policy to write off uncollectible interest in a timely manner, which occurs when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Generally, such elections are made no later than 90 days after a loan has become past due, although certain loans accrue interest after 90 days based on management’s evaluation of the borrower’s ability to continue making contractual payments. Such write-offs are recognized as a reduction of interest income. Accrued interest receivable for the loan portfolio is included within accrued interest receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

Beginning January 1,2023, when a loan portfolio is purchased, an allowance is established for those loans considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration (“PCD”), and those not considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration (“non-PCD”). The allowance established utilizes the same risk factors discussed above for our non-acquired allowance. The allowance established for non-PCD loans is recognized through provision expense upon acquisition, whereas the allowance established for loans considered PCD at acquisition is offset by an increase in the basis of the acquired loans. Any subsequent increases and decreases in the allowance related to acquired loans are recognized through provision expense, with future charge-offs recorded to the allowance.

Table of Contents

The Company also assesses the credit risk associated with off-balance sheet loan commitments and letters of credit. The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposure related to loan commitments and other credit guarantees is included in other liabilities. Because business processes and credit risks associated with unfunded credit commitments are essentially the same as for loans, the Company utilizes similar processes to estimate its liability for unfunded credit commitments.

The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s available-for-sale securities as most of this portfolio consists of U.S. treasury and agency securities as well as highly rated residential agency mortgage-backed, corporate and municipal securities. However, any subsequent estimated credit losses are required to be recognized through an allowance for credit losses associated with the applicable securities.

In conjunction with the adoption of CECL, the Company also evaluates its securities portfolio for credit losses, as the CECL update modifies the debt security credit impairment model to recognize an allowance for estimated credit losses. Similar to the election on the loan portfolio, the Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of its investment portfolio analysis. Based on our assessments, expected credit losses were negligible and therefore, no allowance for credit losses was recorded.

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Company evaluates its available for sale securities portfolio on a quarterly basis for potential credit-related impairment. The Company assesses potential credit impairment by comparing the fair value of a debt security to its amortized cost basis. If the fair value of a debt security is greater than the amortized cost basis, no impairment is recognized. If the fair value is less than the amortized costs basis, the Company reviews the factors to determine if the impairment is credit-related or noncredit-related. For debt securities the Company intends to sell or is more likely than not required to sell, before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, the difference between fair value and amortized cost is impaired and is recognized through earnings. For debt securities the Company does not intend to sell or is not more likely than not required to sell, prior to expected recovery of amortized cost basis, the credit portion of the impairment is recognized through earnings, with a corresponding entry to an allowance for credit losses, and the noncredit portion is recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income.

Certain reclassifications may have been made to conform to the classifications adopted for reporting in 2023. These reclassifications have no material effect on previously reported shareholders’ equity or net income.

Table of Contents

On March 1, 2022, the Company consummated the merger of Texas Citizens Bancorp, Inc. (“TCBI”), headquartered in Pasadena, Texas, with and into the Company, pursuant to the terms of that certain Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Agreement”), dated as of October 20, 2021, by and between the Company and TCBI (the “Merger”). Also on March 1, 2022, TCBI’s wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Texas Citizens Bank, National Association, was merged with ~~American Gateway Financial Corporation (“AGFC”), parent bank holding company for American Gateway Bank, pursuant to which the operations of AGFC merged with the Company. Prior~~and into b1BANK. Pursuant to the terms of the Reorganization Agreement, upon consummation of the Merger, the Company issued 2,069,532 shares of its common stock to the former shareholders of TCBI. At February 28, 2022, TCBI reported $534.2 million in total assets, $349.5 million in loans and $477.2 million in deposits.

The following table reflects the consideration paid for TCBI’s net assets and the identifiable assets purchased and liabilities assumed at their fair values as of March 1, 2022.

Deposits: The fair values used for the demand and savings deposits, by definition, equal the amount payable on demand at the acquisition date. Fair values for time deposits were estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, that applied interest rates currently being offered to the acquisition. The Company assumed liabilities totaling $330.5 million, which included $283.3 million in deposits, $41.2 million in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, and $4.3 million in securities sold under agreements to repurchase.contractual interest rates on such time deposits.

Borrowings: Fair values for borrowings were based on estimated market rates over the remaining terms of the subordinated debt issuances.

Pro forma tables for TCBI were impractical to include due to the cost versus benefit of including such disclosures.

Table of Contents

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding; no dilution for any potentially convertible shares is included in the calculation. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company. The potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock ~~warrants~~options and unvested restricted stock ~~options.~~awards (“RSAs”), excluding any that were antidilutive. In addition, nonvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities and are included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method.

Table of Contents

The amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:

~~The amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows:~~

The following tables present a summary of securities with gross unrealized losses and fair values at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continued unrealized loss position. ~~Due~~

As of June 30,2023,no allowance for credit losses was recognized on available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position as management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to credit quality. This determination is based on the ~~nature~~Company’s analysis of ~~these investments~~the underlying risk characteristics including credit ratings, historical loss experience, and ~~current prevailing market prices, these~~other qualitative factors. Further, the securities continue to make principal and interest payments under their contractual terms and management does not have the intent to sell any of the securities and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of amortized cost basis. Therefore, the Company has determined the unrealized losses are ~~considered a temporary impairment of~~due to changes in market interest rates compared to rates when the ~~securities.~~securities were acquired.

~~Management evaluates~~For the period ended December 31, 2022, management evaluated securities for other than temporary ~~impairment when economic and market conditions warrant such evaluations.~~impairment. Consideration iswas given to the extent and length of time the fair value ~~has~~had been below cost, the reasons for the decline in value, and the Company’s intent to sell a security or whether it iswas more likely than not that the Company ~~will~~would be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost. The Company ~~has developed~~utilized a process to identify securities that could potentially have a credit impairment that iswas other than temporary. ~~This~~The process ~~involves~~involved evaluating each security for impairment by monitoring credit performance, collateral type, collateral geography, loan-to-value ratios, credit scores, loss severity levels, pricing levels, downgrades by rating agencies, cash flow projections and other factors as indicators of potential credit issues. ~~When the~~The Company ~~determines that a security is deemed to be~~determined no other than ~~temporarily impaired, an~~temporary impairment ~~loss is recognized.~~existed at December 31, 2022.

Table of Contents

The amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023, by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or repaid without any penalties.

At June 30, 2023, the Company had pledged securities with a fair value of $386.3 million against our public deposit and repurchase agreements, and $394.6 million against our Bank Term Funding Program facility.

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable on securities was $4.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively, and included within accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

Loans receivable at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023 and December 31,~~, 2016~~ 2022 are summarized as follows:

The performing ~~1-4~~1-4 family residential, multi-family residential, and commercial real estate, ~~and commercial loans~~ are pledged, under a blanket lien, as collateral securing advances from the FHLB at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023 and December 31, ~~2016.~~2022. Commercial and agricultural loans are pledged against the Federal Reserve Banks’ (“FRB”) discount window as of June 30, 2023.

Net deferred loan origination fees were ~~$1.3~~$13.7 million and ~~$761,000~~$13.1 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2022, respectively, and are netted in their respective loan categories above. In addition to loans issued in the normal course of business, the Company considers overdrafts on customer deposit accounts to be loans and reclassifies overdrafts as loans in its consolidated balance sheets. At ~~September~~both June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2022, overdrafts of ~~$187,000 and $232,000, respectively,~~$2.0 million, have been reclassified to loans.

Table of Contents

The Bank is the lead lender on participations sold, without recourse, to other financial institutions which amounts are not included in the consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of mortgages and other loans serviced for others were approximately ~~$67.3~~$736.4 million and ~~$55.5~~$683.3 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2022, respectively. The Company had servicing rights of $1.4 million and $1.7 million recorded as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is recorded within other assets.

The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit to individuals and a variety of businesses and corporations located in ~~markets across~~its general market areas throughout Louisiana and Texas. Management segregates the loan portfolio into portfolio segments which is defined as the level at which the Bank develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. The portfolio segments are segregated based on loan types and the underlying risk factors present in each loan type. Such risk factors are periodically reviewed by management and revised as deemed appropriate.

The loan portfolio is disaggregated into portfolio segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. GAAP defines a portfolio segment as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally a disaggregation of a portfolio segment. The Company's loan portfolio segments are Real Estate, Commercial, and Consumer and Other. The classes and risk characteristics of each segment are discussed in ~~business combinations~~more detail below. The segmentation and disaggregation of the portfolio is part of the ongoing credit monitoring process.

Real Estate: Commercial loans are ~~initially recorded at fair value, which includes an estimate~~extensions of credit ~~losses expected to be realized over~~secured by owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied collateral. Repayment is generally dependent on the ~~remaining lives~~successful operations of the property. General economic conditions may impact the performance of these types of loans, including fluctuations in the value of real estate, vacancy rates, and ~~therefore, no corresponding allowance~~unemployment trends. Real estate commercial loans also include farmland loans that can be, or are, used for ~~loan losses is recorded~~agricultural purposes. These loans are usually repaid through permanent financing, cash flow from the borrower’s ongoing operations, development of the property, or sale of the property.

Real Estate: Construction loans include loans to small-to-midsized businesses to construct owner-occupied properties, loans to developers of commercial real estate investment properties and residential developments and, to a lesser extent, loans to individual clients for construction of single-family homes in the Company’s market areas. Risks associated with these loans ~~at acquisition. Methods utilized~~include fluctuations in the value of real estate, project completion risk and changes in market trends. The Company is also exposed to ~~estimate any subsequently required allowance for loan losses for acquired loans not deemed credit-impaired at acquisition are similar to originated loans; however, the estimate of loss is~~risk based on the ~~unpaid principal balance~~ability of the construction loan borrower to finance the loan or sell the property upon completion of the project, which may be affected by changes in secondary market terms and ~~then compared~~criteria for permanent financing since the time that the Company funded the loan.

Real Estate: Residential loans include first and second lien 1-4 family mortgage loans, as well as home equity lines of credit, in each case primarily on owner-occupied primary residences. The Company is exposed to ~~any remaining unaccreted purchase discount. To~~risk based on fluctuations in the ~~extent~~value of the ~~calculated~~real estate collateral securing the loan, as well as changes in the borrower’s financial condition, which could be affected by numerous factors, including divorce, job loss, illness, or other personal hardship. Real estate residential loans also include multi-family residential loans originated to provide permanent financing for multi-family residential income producing properties. Repayment of these loans primarily relies on successful rental and management of the property.

Commercial loans include general commercial and industrial, or C&I, loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, asset acquisition, expansion, and development loans, borrowing base loans, letters of credit and other loan products, primarily in the Company’s target markets that are underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt from income. Commercial loan risk is ~~greater than~~derived from the ~~remaining unaccreted discount, an allowance is recorded for~~expectation that such ~~difference.~~loans generally are serviced principally from the operations of the business, and those operations may not be successful. Any interruption or discontinuance of operating cash flows from the business, which may be influenced by events not under the control of the borrower such as economic events and changes in governmental regulations, could materially affect the ability of the borrower to repay the loan.

Table of Contents

Consumer and other loans ~~are those associated with our acquisition~~include a variety of ~~AGFC. These~~ loans ~~were recorded at estimated fair~~to individuals for personal, family and household purposes, including secured and unsecured installment and term loans. The risk is based on changes in the borrower’s financial condition, which could be affected by numerous factors, including divorce, job loss, illness or other personal hardship, and fluctuations in the value ~~at the acquisition date with no carryover~~ of the ~~related allowance for~~real estate or personal property securing the consumer loan, ~~losses.~~

~~Total loans held for investment at September 30, 2017~~ includes $51.3 million of loans acquired in an acquisition that were recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. Included in the acquired balances at September 30, 2017 were acquired impaired loans accounted for under the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 310-30, ~~Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality~~ ~~(“ASC 310-30”) with a net carrying amount of $728,000 and acquired performing loans not accounted for under ASC 310-30 totaling $52.5 million with a related purchase discount of $1.9 million.~~

Total loans held for investment at December 31, 2016 includes $65.3 million of loans acquired in an acquisition that were recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. Included in the acquired balances at December 31, 2016 were acquired impaired loans with a net ~~carrying amount of $1.8 million and acquired performing loans totaling $65.9 million with a related purchase discount of $2.4 million.~~if any.

The following ~~tables set~~table sets forth, as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 and December 31, 2016,~~ 2023, the balance of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses by loan portfolio ~~segment, disaggregated by impairment methodology, which is then further segregated by amounts evaluated for impairment collectively and individually.~~segment. The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses allocated to each portfolio segment is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular portfolio segment and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.

Included within the above allowance are loans which management has individually evaluated to determine an allowance for credit losses. The following table summarizes, by segment, the loan balance and specific allowance allocation for those loans which have been individually evaluated.

~~Table of Contents~~

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AsThe following table sets forth, as of ~~September 30, 2017 and~~ December 31, ~~2016,~~2022 (prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13), the balance of the allowance for credit ~~quality indicators,~~losses by portfolio segment, disaggregated by ~~class~~impairment methodology, which is then further segregated by amounts evaluated for impairment collectively and individually. The allowance for credit losses allocated to each portfolio segment is not necessarily indicative of ~~loan, are as follows:~~future losses in any particular portfolio segment and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.

	December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in thousands)
	Real Estate:			Real Estate:			Real Estate:						Consumer
	Commercial			Construction			Residential			Commercial			and Other			Total
Allowance for Loan Losses:
Beginning Balance	$	10,515		$	4,498		$	4,565		$	9,016		$	518		$	29,112
Charge-offs		(51	)		(16	)		(191	)		(2,139	)		(424	)		(2,821	)
Recoveries		50			25			20			739			167			1,001
Provision		4,188			1,261			960			4,105			372			10,886
Ending Balance	$	14,702		$	5,768		$	5,354		$	11,721		$	633		$	38,178
Ending Balance:
Individually Evaluated for Impairment	$	59		$	21		$	99		$	2,020		$	15		$	2,214
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	$	14,643		$	5,747		$	5,255		$	9,701		$	618		$	35,964
Purchased Credit Impaired	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Loans Receivable:
Ending Balance	$	2,020,406		$	722,074		$	656,378		$	1,153,873		$	53,445		$	4,606,176
Ending Balance:
Individually Evaluated for Impairment	$	3,053		$	992		$	4,028		$	6,442		$	192		$	14,707
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	$	1,989,831		$	720,129		$	637,195		$	1,141,957		$	52,570		$	4,541,682
Purchased Credit Impaired	$	27,522		$	953		$	15,155		$	5,474		$	683		$	49,787

Credit Quality Indicators

~~Credit Quality Indicators~~We utilize a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of our commercial loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 10 to 80. Individual loan officers review updated financial information for all pass grade loans to reassess the risk grade, generally on at least an annual basis. When a loan has a risk grade of 60, it is still considered a pass grade loan; however, it is considered to be on management’s “watch list,” and subject to additional and more frequent monitoring by both the loan officer and senior credit and risk personnel. When a loan has a risk grade of 70 or higher, a special assets officer monitors the loan on an on-going basis.

September 30, 2017

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 118,911 $ 1,951 $ 403 $ 112 $ 121,377
Farmland
10,469 - - - 10,469
1-4 family residential
136,338 5,387 1,864 2,322 145,911
Multi-family residential
19,709 - 41 - 19,750
Nonfarm nonresidential
318,617 4,831 3,451 4,154 331,053
Commercial
230,769 21,095 3,168 6,446 261,478
Consumer
46,693 646 164 235 47,738
Total
$ 881,506 $ 33,910 $ 9,091 $ 13,269 $ 937,776

December 31, 2016

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 92,951 $ 932 $ 300 $ 243 $ 94,426
Farmland
9,217 - - - 9,217
1-4 family residential
118,891 4,782 2,658 2,721 129,052
Multi-family residential
22,685 - 52 - 22,737
Nonfarm nonresidential
280,398 14,531 1,927 1,201 298,057
Commercial
186,197 16,783 7,377 2,763 213,120
Consumer
43,414 505 225 198 44,342
Total
$ 753,753 $ 37,533 $ 12,539 $ 7,126 $ 810,951

~~The above classifications follow regulatory guidelines and can generally be described as follows:~~

●

~~Pass loans are of satisfactory~~ ~~quality.~~

●

Special mention loans have an existing weakness that could cause future impairment, including the deterioration of financial ratios, past due status, questionable management capabilities and possible reduction in the collateral values.

●

~~Substand~~ard loans have an existing specific and well defined weakness that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. Immediate corrective action is necessary.

●

~~Doubtful loans have specific weaknesses that are severe enough to make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.~~

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following ~~tables reflect certain information with respect to~~table sets forth the ~~loan portfolio delinquencies~~credit quality indicators, disaggregated by loan ~~class and amount~~segment, as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 and December 31, 2016. All loans greater than 90 days past due are generally placed on non-accrual status.~~2023:

~~Aged Analysis of Past Due Loans Receivable~~

September 30, 2017

(Dollars in thousands)

Recorded
Investment Over
90 Days Past Due
and Still Accruing

Greater
Than 90 Days
Past Due

30-59 Days
Past Due

60-89 Days
Past Due

Total
Past Due

Total Loans
Receivable

Current

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 398 $ - $ 109 $ 507 $ 120,870 $ 121,377 $ -
Farmland
- - - - 10,469 10,469 -
1-4 family residential
940 146 869 1,955 143,956 145,911 138
Multi-family residential
- - - - 19,750 19,750 -
Nonfarm nonresidential
2,283 2,147 1,433 5,863 325,190 331,053 -
Commercial
300 169 5,842 6,311 255,167 261,478 56
Consumer
35 122 224 381 47,357 47,738 -
Total
$ 3,956 $ 2,584 $ 8,477 $ 15,017 $ 922,759 $ 937,776 $ 194

December 31, 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

Recorded
Investment Over
90 Days Past Due
and Still Accruing

Greater
Than 90 Days
Past Due

30-59 Days
Past Due

60-89 Days
Past Due

Total
Past Due

Total Loans
Receivable

Current

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 465 $ - $ 106 $ 571 $ 93,855 $ 94,426 $ -
Farmland
- - - - 9,217 9,217 -
1-4 family residential
989 579 963 2,531 126,521 129,052 117
Multi-family residential
- - - - 22,737 22,737 -
Nonfarm nonresidential
1,370 173 532 2,075 295,982 298,057 -
Commercial
45 372 262 679 212,441 213,120 51
Consumer
66 - 149 215 44,127 44,342 -
Total
$ 2,935 $ 1,124 $ 2,012 $ 6,071 $ 804,880 $ 810,951 $ 168

	June 30, 2023
			Criticized
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss				Current Period Charge-
	(Risk Grade 10-45)		(Risk Grade 50)		(Risk Grade 60)		(Risk Grade 70)		(Risk Grade 80)		Total		offs
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate: Commercial
Originated in 2023	$	97,431	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	97,431	$	-
Originated in 2022		737,026		1,709		-		-		-		738,735		-
Originated in 2021		454,027		6,098		74		-		-		460,199		357
Originated in 2020		160,247		3,699		11		-		-		163,957		-
Originated in 2019		153,506		9,976		454		948		-		164,884		1,447
Originated Prior to 2019		421,120		6,411		8,742		485		-		436,758		23
Revolving		69,876		-		204		-		-		70,080		-
Revolving Loans Converted to Term		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Real Estate: Commercial	$	2,093,233	$	27,893	$	9,485	$	1,433	$	-	$	2,132,044	$	1,827

Real Estate: Construction
Originated in 2023	$	58,661	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	58,661	$	-
Originated in 2022		366,332		-		65		-		-		366,397		-
Originated in 2021		142,951		-		997		-		-		143,948		-
Originated in 2020		51,701		32		-		-		-		51,733		-
Originated in 2019		22,193		-		1,760		-		-		23,953		-
Originated Prior to 2019		24,106		573		511		345		-		25,535		1
Revolving		48,853		-		-		-		-		48,853		-
Revolving Loans Converted to Term		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Real Estate: Construction	$	714,797	$	605	$	3,333	$	345	$	-	$	719,080	$	1

Real Estate: Residential
Originated in 2023	$	37,466	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	37,466	$	-
Originated in 2022		169,873		447		255		17		-		170,592		-
Originated in 2021		110,897		-		715		-		-		111,612		11
Originated in 2020		71,502		385		598		163		-		72,648		1
Originated in 2019		63,027		439		977		126		-		64,569		22
Originated Prior to 2019		109,050		1,176		5,896		373		-		116,495		7
Revolving		101,625		-		434		-		-		102,059		1
Revolving Loans Converted to Term		21		-		-		-		-		21		-
Total Real Estate: Residential	$	663,461	$	2,447	$	8,875	$	679	$	-	$	675,462	$	42

Commercial
Originated in 2023	$	163,250	$	142	$	10	$	-	$	-	$	163,402	$	-
Originated in 2022		294,438		380		671		-		-		295,489		97
Originated in 2021		159,627		5,958		836		16		-		166,437		15
Originated in 2020		63,467		4,523		682		46		-		68,718		27
Originated in 2019		39,600		920		1,447		1,669		-		43,636		33
Originated Prior to 2019		65,902		4,443		3,611		378		-		74,334		-
Revolving		492,797		3,720		661		28		-		497,206		201
Revolving Loans Converted to Term		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial	$	1,279,081	$	20,086	$	7,918	$	2,137	$	-	$	1,309,222	$	373

Consumer and Other
Originated in 2023	$	6,288	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	6,288	$	-
Originated in 2022		9,430		-		18		-		-		9,448		12
Originated in 2021		4,941		-		62		-		-		5,003		20
Originated in 2020		2,512		-		107		-		-		2,619		5
Originated in 2019		2,805		-		66		-		-		2,871		3
Originated Prior to 2019		17,144		2		103		-		-		17,249		58
Revolving		19,329		-		17		-		-		19,346		626
Revolving Loans Converted to Term		105		-		-		-		-		105		-
Total Consumer and Other	$	62,554	$	2	$	373	$	-	$	-	$	62,929	$	724

Total Loans	$	4,813,126	$	51,033	$	29,984	$	4,594	$	-	$	4,898,737	$	2,967

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following ~~is a summary~~ table sets forth the credit quality indicators, disaggregated by loan segment, as of ~~information pertaining~~December 31, 2022 (prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13):

	December 31, 2022
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful
	(Risk Grade 10-45)		(Risk Grade 50)		(Risk Grade 60)		(Risk Grade 70)		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	1,972,611	$	35,054	$	10,478	$	2,263	$	2,020,406
Construction		716,071		3,496		2,157		350		722,074
Residential		643,763		3,780		7,925		910		656,378
Total Real Estate Loans		3,332,445		42,330		20,560		3,523		3,398,858
Commercial		1,137,555		6,646		6,960		2,712		1,153,873
Consumer and Other		53,041		-		404		-		53,445
Total	$	4,523,041	$	48,976	$	27,924	$	6,235	$	4,606,176

The above classifications follow regulatory guidelines and can generally be described as follows:

●

Pass loans are of satisfactory quality.

●

Substandard loans have an existing specific and well-defined weakness that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. Immediate corrective action is necessary.

●

Doubtful loans have specific weaknesses that are severe enough to make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.

As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, loan balances outstanding more than 90 days past due and still accruing interest amounted to $468,000 and $335,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, loan balances outstanding on nonaccrual status amounted to $17.0 million and $11.1 million, respectively. The Bank considers all loans more than 90 days past due as nonperforming loans.

The following tables provide an analysis of the aging of loans and leases as of June 30, 2023, and December 31,2022. For the year ended December 31, 2022, past due and nonaccrual loan amounts exclude acquired impaired loans, even if contractually past due or if the Company does not expect to receive payment in full, as prior to the adoption of ~~September~~CECL, the Company accreted interest income over the expected life of the loans. With the adoption of CECL and deconstruction of acquired impaired accounting, those amounts are no longer excluded for the period ended June 30, ~~2017 and December 31, 2016. Acquired non-impaired~~2023. All loans greater than 90 days past due are generally placed on nonaccrual status and reported as impaired using the same criteria applied to the originated portfolio. Purchased impaired credits are excluded from this table. The interest income recognized for impaired loans was $257,000 and $283,000 for the nine months ending September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.status.

September 30, 2017

(Dollars in thousands)

Unpaid

Average

Recorded

Principal

Related

Recorded

Investment

Balance

Allowance

Investment

With an allowance recorded:

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 89 $ 89 $ 22 $ 70
Farmland
- - - -
1-4 family residential
751 830 340 815
Multi-family residential
- - - -
Nonfarm nonresidential
679 701 111 509
Other Loans:

Commercial
562 587 408 485
Consumer
- - - 7
Total
$ 2,081 $ 2,207 $ 881 $ 1,886

With no allowance recorded:

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 9 $ 16 $ - $ 58
Farmland
- - - -
1-4 family residential
2,087 2,444 - 2,222
Multi-family residential
- - - -
Nonfarm nonresidential
5,400 5,494 - 2,686
Other Loans:

Commercial
6,642 7,893 - 5,975
Consumer
374 405 - 176
Total
$ 14,512 $ 16,252 $ - $ 11,117

Total Impaired Loans:

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 98 $ 105 $ 22 $ 128
Farmland
- - - -
1-4 family residential
2,838 3,274 340 3,037
Multi-family residential
- - - -
Nonfarm nonresidential
6,079 6,195 111 3,195
Other Loans:

Commercial
7,204 8,480 408 6,460
Consumer
374 405 - 183
Total
$ 16,593 $ 18,459 $ 881 $ 13,003

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

Unpaid

Average

Recorded

Principal

Related

Recorded

Investment

Balance

Allowance

Investment

With an allowance recorded:

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ - $ - $ - $ 655
Farmland
- - - -
1-4 family residential
440 470 252 372
Multi-family residential
- - - -
Nonfarm nonresidential
368 368 98 31
Other Loans:

Commercial
695 709 501 1,252
Consumer
36 36 36 12
Total
$ 1,539 $ 1,583 $ 887 $ 2,322

With no allowance recorded:

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 143 $ 152 $ - $ 124
Farmland
- - - -
1-4 family residential
2,823 3,276 - 3,296
Multi-family residential
- - - -
Nonfarm nonresidential
705 729 - 3,730
Other Loans:

Commercial
6,637 7,826 - 3,680
Consumer
162 162 - 43
Total
$ 10,470 $ 12,145 $ - $ 10,873

Total Impaired Loans:

Real Estate Loans:

Construction and land
$ 143 $ 152 $ - $ 779
Farmland
- - - -
1-4 family residential
3,263 3,746 252 3,668
Multi-family residential
- - - -
Nonfarm nonresidential
1,073 1,097 98 3,761
Other Loans:

Commercial
7,332 8,535 501 4,932
Consumer
198 198 36 55
Total
$ 12,009 $ 13,728 $ 887 $ 13,195

Aged Analysis of Past Due Loans Receivable

	June 30, 2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
													Recorded
					Greater								Investment Over
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than 90 Days		Total				Total Loans		90 Days Past Due
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Receivable		and Still Accruing
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	1,742	$	78	$	2,538	$	4,358	$	2,127,686	$	2,132,044	$	-
Construction		2,364		206		2,145		4,715		714,365		719,080		138
Residential		1,938		1,192		3,050		6,180		669,282		675,462		43
Total Real Estate Loans		6,044		1,476		7,733		15,253		3,511,333		3,526,586		181
Commercial		2,148		29		3,989		6,166		1,303,056		1,309,222		263
Consumer and Other		258		27		213		498		62,431		62,929		24
Total	$	8,450	$	1,532	$	11,935	$	21,917	$	4,876,820	$	4,898,737	$	468

	December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in thousands)
													Recorded
					Greater								Investment Over
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than 90 Days		Total				Total Loans		90 Days Past Due
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Receivable		and Still Accruing
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	1,491	$	210	$	1,681	$	3,382	$	2,017,024	$	2,020,406	$	98
Construction		320		41		638		999		721,075		722,074		-
Residential		1,590		423		1,781		3,794		652,584		656,378		-
Total Real Estate Loans		3,401		674		4,100		8,175		3,390,683		3,398,858		98
Commercial		1,183		1,934		2,186		5,303		1,148,570		1,153,873		222
Consumer and Other		295		28		182		505		52,940		53,445		15
Total	$	4,879	$	2,636	$	6,468	$	13,983	$	4,592,193	$	4,606,176	$	335

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

~~The~~Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company ~~elected to account for certain loans acquired in~~eliminated the ~~AGFC merger as acquired~~pooling of purchased impaired ~~loans under ASC 310-30 due to evidence~~credit loans. As a result, $7.0 million of purchased credit deterioration ~~at acquisition and the probability that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. The expected cash flows approximated fair value~~loans were recognized as non-accrual loans as of ~~the date of merger and, as a result, no accretable yield was recognized at acquisition for the AGFC purchased impaired credits.~~

January 1, 2023. The following table presents ~~the changes in the carrying amount~~non-accrual loans by segment as of ~~the purchased impaired credits accounted for under ASC 310-30 for the periods presented.~~June 30, 2023, January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Purchased

Impaired Credits

(Dollars in thousands)

Carrying amount - December 31, 2015
$ 3,634
Payments received, net of discounts realized
(1,181 )
Charge-offs
(352 )
Transfer to other real estate
(325 )
Carrying amount - December 31, 2016
1,776
Payments received, net of discounts realized
(892 )
Purchased impaired credit participation interest sales proceeds, net of discount realized
511
Charge-offs
(667 )
Carrying amount - September 30, 2017
$ 728

	June 30,		January 1,		December 31,
	2023		2023		2022
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	3,081	$	5,847	$	2,644
Construction		2,423		2,421		992
Residential		7,034		6,518		4,080
Total Real Estate Loans		12,538		14,786		7,716
Commercial		4,235		3,045		3,150
Consumer and Other		233		257		188
Total	$	17,006	$	18,088	$	11,054

Accrued interest receivable of $4.7 million and $5.4 million was outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, for all loan deferrals, primarily attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic and, to a much lesser extent, hurricanes which occurred in 2020 and 2021. These loans are no longer within their deferral periods. The accrued interest on the loans is due at their maturity.

~~The Bank seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by renegotiating loans within lending regulations~~ At June 30, 2023 and ~~guidelines. The Bank makes loan modifications, primarily utilizing internal renegotiation programs via direct customer contact, that manage customers~~’ debt exposures held only by the Bank. Additionally, the Bank makes loan modifications with customers who have elected to work with external renegotiation agencies and these modifications provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures. During the periods ended September 30, 2017 and December 31, ~~2016, the concessions granted to certain borrowers included extending the payment due dates, lowering the contractual interest rate, reducing~~ 2022, accrued interest receivable on loans was $22.2 million and ~~reducing the debt’s face or maturity amount.~~

Once modified in a troubled debt restructuring, a loan is generally considered impaired until its contractual maturity. At the time of the restructuring, the loan is evaluated for an asset-specific allowance for credit losses. The Bank continues to specifically reevaluate the loan in subsequent periods, regardless of the borrower~~’s performance under the modified terms. If a borrower subsequently defaults~~$21.2 million, respectively, and included within accrued interest receivable on the ~~loan after it is restructured, the Bank provides an allowance for credit losses for the amount of the loan that exceeds the value of the related collateral.~~consolidated balance sheets.

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7– Long Term Debt –

On March 1, 2022, the Company assumed, in connection with the TCBI acquisition, three tranches of subordinated debt with an aggregate principal balance outstanding of $26.4 million. One tranche in the amount of $10.0 million bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.25% until April 11, 2023, at which point the notes become redeemable at the Company’s option, then will reset to a floating interest rate based on a benchmark rate plus 350 basis points, adjusting quarterly, until maturity on April 11, 2028. Another tranche in the amount of $7.5 million bears a fixed rate 6.38% until December 13, 2023, at which point the notes become redeemable at the Company’s option, then will reset to a floating interest rate based on a benchmark rate plus 350 basis points, adjusting quarterly, until maturity on December 13, 2028. The third tranche in the amount of $8.9 million bears an adjustable interest rate plus 595 basis points, based on a benchmark rate, until maturity on March 24, 2027. The $8.9 million tranche was called on May 1, 2023 by the Company, of which $5.7 million has been extinguished. The Company recognized a $941,000 gain on the extinguishment of this debt during the second quarter of 2023. These notes carry an aggregate $1.7 million fair value adjustment as of June 30, 2023.

Note 8– Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) –

On March 12, 2023, the Federal Reserve Board developed the BTFP, which offers loans to banks with a term of up to one year. The loans are secured by pledging the banks’ U.S. treasuries, agency securities, agency mortgage-backed securities, and any other qualifying assets. These pledged securities will be valued at par for collateral purposes. The Bank participated in the BTFP and had outstanding debt of $300.0 million and pledged securities totaling a fair value of $394.6 million at June 30, 2023. The securities pledged had a collateral value of $422.6 million.

Note 9– Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) Borrowings –

The ~~following tables present informative data regarding troubled debt restructurings~~Company had outstanding advances from the FHLB of $362.2 million and $410.1 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023, and December 31, ~~2016.~~2022, respectively, consisting of:

One fixed rate loan with an original principal balance of $60.0 million. The ~~Bank had $3.3~~loan was made in 2021 and the balance at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $41.3 million and $47.2 million, respectively, with interest at 0.89%. Principal and interest payments are due monthly and the loan matures in ~~troubled debt restructurings~~ November 2026.

One short term, overnight, fixed rate loan of $120.0 million at June 30, 2023, with interest at 5.37%. Principal and interest was due, paid and renewed, at maturity in July 2023.

On short term, overnight, fixed rate loan of $25.0 million at June 30, 2023, with interest at 5.50%. Principal and interest was due, and paid, at maturity in July 2023.

One fixed rate loan of $875,000 at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, that ~~had subsequently defaulted~~was acquired during the ~~nine months ended September~~TCBI acquisition, with interest at 4.88% paid monthly. Principal is due at maturity in April 2025.

One fixed rate loan of $100.0 million at both June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023, and ~~none that had subsequently defaulted~~December 31, 2022, with interest at 3.53% paid monthly. Principal is due at maturity in October 2027. This advance has put options beginning in October 2023.

One fixed rate loan of $25.0 million at June 30, 2023, with interest at 4.89% paid monthly. Principal is due at maturity in July 2025.

One fixed rate loan of $25.0 million at June 30, 2023, with interest at 4.65% paid monthly. Principal is due at maturity in January 2026.

One fixed rate loan of $25.0 million at June 30, 2023, with interest at 4.56% paid monthly. Principal is due at maturity in July 2026.

One short term, seven-day, fixed rate loan of $262.0 million at December 31, 2022, with interest at 4.55%. Principal and interest was due, paid and renewed, at maturity in January 2023. This loan was rolled into the $230.0 million short term, overnight, fixed rate loan outstanding at March 31, 2023, which was paid off during the ~~year ended December 31, 2016.~~second quarter of 2023.

Modifications as of September 30, 2017:

Pre-Modification

Post-Modification

Number

Outstanding

Outstanding

of

Recorded

Recorded

Contracts

Investment

Investment

(Dollars in thousands)

Troubled Debt Restructuring

Real Estate Loans:

1-4 family residential
3 $ 870 $ 582
Other Loans:

Commercial
3 5,144 3,922

Total
6 $ 6,014 $ 4,504

The Company had an additional $1.4 billion remaining on the FHLB line availability at June 30, 2023.

Modifications as of December 31, 2016:

Pre-Modification

Post-Modification

Number

Outstanding

Outstanding

of

Recorded

Recorded

Contracts

Investment

Investment

(Dollars in thousands)

Troubled Debt Restructuring

Real Estate Loans:

1-4 family residential
3 $ 870 $ 608
Other Loans:

Commercial
6 6,880 5,323

Total
9 $ 7,750 $ 5,931

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 10– Leases –

The Bank leases certain branch offices through non-cancelable operating leases with terms that range from one to ten years and contain various renewal options for certain of the leases. Certain leases provide for increases in minimum monthly rental payments as defined by the lease agreement. Rental expense under these agreements was $2.8 million and $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. At June 30, 2023, the Company had a weighted average lease term of 5.7 years and a weighted average discount rate of 2.66%.

Future minimum lease payments under these leases are as follows:

	(Dollars in thousands)
July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024	$	2,059
July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025		3,761
July 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026		2,735
July 1, 2026 through June 30, 2027		2,182
July 1, 2027 through June 30, 2028		2,066
July 1, 2028 and Thereafter		4,297
Total Future Minimum Lease Payments		17,100
Less Imputed Interest		(1,302	)
Present Value of Lease Liabilities	$	15,798

Note 7 11– Commitments and Contingencies –

In the normal course of business, the Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit which are not included in the accompanying financial statements. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet.

The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank’s policy for obtaining collateral, and the nature of such collateral, is essentially the same as that involved in making commitments to extend credit. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making such commitments and conditional obligations as it does for instruments that are included in the balance sheet. In the normal course of business, the Bank has made commitments to extend credit of approximately $1.3 billion and $1.3 billion, and standby and commercial letters of credit of approximately $45.1 million and $45.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As discussed in Note 6, we have a reserve for unfunded loan commitments of $3.6 million and $605,000 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

In the normal course of business, the Bank is involved in various legal proceedings. In the opinion of management and counsel, the disposition or ultimate resolution of such proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s financial statements.

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 12– Preferred Stock –

On September 1, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors pursuant to which the Company offered and sold shares of its 7.50% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, with no par value, for an aggregate purchase price of $72.0 million. Holders of the preferred stock will be entitled to receive, if, when, and as declared by the Company’s board of directors, non-cumulative cash dividends at a rate of 7.50% per share for the firstfive years following issuance and thereafter at a variable rate equal to the then current 3-month secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), reset quarterly, plus 470 basis points. The preferred stock has a perpetual term and may not be redeemed, except under certain circumstances, under the firstfive years of issuance. The preferred stock is non-convertible and dividends equivalent to $37.50 per share and $18.75 per share were paid during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 13– Fair Value of Financial Instruments –

Fair Value Disclosures

The Company groups its financial assets and ~~liabilitie~~sliabilities measured at fair value in three levels. Fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to develop those assumptions and measure fair value. The hierarchy requires companies to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

●

Level 1– Includes the most reliable sources and includes quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

●

Level 2– Includes observable inputs. Observable inputs include inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates and yield curves at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks, and default rates) as well as inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market-corroborated inputs).

●

Level 3– Includes unobservable inputs and should be used only when observable inputs are unavailable.

Recurring Basis

Fair values of investment securities available for sale were primarily measured using information from a ~~third-party~~third-party pricing service. This pricing service provides information by utilizing evaluated pricing models supported with market data information. Standard inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data from market research publications.

The fair values of loans held for sale are based on commitments on hand from investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics.

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables present the balance of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023, and December 31, ~~2016.~~ 2022. The Company did not record any liabilities at fair value for which measurement of the fair value was made on a recurring basis. The Company transferred $23.4 million of securities from Level 3 to Level 2 fair value measurement designation for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Prior to 2023, the securities were not valued using observable market data.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2017
June 30, 2023
Available for Sale:
U.S. Treasury Securities									$	30,223	$	-	$	30,223	$	-
U.S. Government Agency Securities	$	9,031	$	-	$	9,031	$	-		47,432		-		47,432		-
Corporate Securities		13,085		-		13,085		-		42,824		-		42,824		-
Mortgage-Backed Securities		85,219		-		85,219		-		444,036		-		444,036		-
Municipal Securities		78,123		-		78,123		-		313,259		-		313,259		-
Other Securities		691		-		691		-

Loans Held for Sale										435		-		435		-
Total	$	186,149	$	-	$	186,149	$	-	$	878,209	$	-	$	878,209	$	-


December 31, 2016
December 31, 2022
Available for Sale:
U.S. Treasury Securities									$	30,115	$	-	$	30,115	$	-
U.S. Government Agency Securities	$	7,566	$	-	$	7,566	$	-		47,372		-		47,372		-
Corporate Securities		11,127		-		11,127		-		46,004		-		27,004		19,000
Mortgage-Backed Securities		99,372		-		99,372		-		451,725		-		451,725		-
Municipal Securities		79,636		-		79,636		-		315,535		-		280,767		34,768
Other Securities		641		-		641		-

Loans Held for Sale										304		-		304		-
Total	$	198,342	$	-	$	198,342	$	-	$	891,055	$	-	$	837,287	$	53,768

Nonrecurring Basis

The Company has segregated all financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date in the ~~tables~~table below. The Company did not record any liabilities at fair value for which measurement of the fair value was made on a nonrecurring basis.

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The fair value of the impaired loans is measured at the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Impaired loans are Level 23 assets measured using appraisals from external parties of the collateral less any prior ~~liens.~~liens and adjusted for estimated selling costs. Adjustments may be made by management based on a customized internally developed discounting matrix. Repossessed assets are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to ~~sell.~~sell, which is generally 10%. The fair value of repossessed assets is based on property appraisals and an analysis of similar properties available. As such, the Bank records repossessed assets as Level 2.3.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2017
June 30, 2023
Assets:
Impaired Loans	$	16,406	$	-	$	16,406	$	-	$	7,733	$	-	$	-	$	7,733
Repossessed Assets		267		-		267		-

Servicing Rights										2,303		-		2,303		-
Other Nonperforming Assets										1,616		-		-		1,616
Total	$	16,673	$	-	$	16,673	$	-	$	11,652	$	-	$	2,303	$	9,349

December 31, 2016
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Impaired Loans	$	12,865	$	-	$	12,865	$	-	$	16,816	$	-	$	-	$	16,816
Repossessed Assets		1,196		-		1,196		-

Servicing Rights										2,327		-		2,327		-
Other Nonperforming Assets										1,434		-		-		1,434
Total	$	14,061	$	-	$	14,061	$	-	$	20,577	$	-	$	2,327	$	18,250

Fair Value Financial Instruments

The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the ~~Company~~’sCompany’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. In accordance with ~~generally accepted accounting principles,~~GAAP, certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from these disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Short-Term Investments – For those short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Securities – Fair value of securities is based on quoted market prices. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

Loans – The fair value for loans is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, with interest rates currently being offered for similar loans to borrowers with similar credit rates. Loans with similar classifications are aggregated for purposes of the calculations. The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, which was used to measure the credit risk, is subtracted from loans.

Cash Value of Bank-Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”) – The carrying amount approximates its fair value.

Other Equity Securities – The carrying amount approximates its fair value.

Deposits – The fair value of demand deposits and certain money market deposits is the amount payable at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, with interest rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Borrowings – The fair value of FHLB advances and other long-term borrowings is estimated using the rates currently offered for advances of similar maturities. The carrying amount of short-term borrowings maturing within ninety days approximates the fair value.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit – The fair values of commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit do not differ significantly from the commitment amount and are therefore omitted from this disclosure.

The estimated approximate fair values of the ~~Bank~~’sBank’s financial instruments as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~ 2023, and December 31, ~~2016~~ 2022 are as follows:

	Carrying		Total								Carrying		Total
	Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2017
June 30, 2023
Financial Assets:
Cash and Short-Term Investments	$	39,181	$	39,181	$	39,181	$	-	$	-	$	354,822	$	354,822	$	354,822	$	-	$	-
Securities		186,149		186,149		-		186,149		-		877,774		877,774		-		877,774		-
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale		332		332		-		332		-
Loans Held for Sale												435		435		-		435		-
Loans - Net		928,535		914,658		-		-		914,658		4,856,724		4,725,441		-		-		4,725,441
Servicing Rights												1,437		2,303		-		2,303		-
Cash Value of BOLI		23,039		23,039		-		23,039		-		95,302		95,302		-		95,302		-
Other Equity Securities		8,595		8,595		-		-		8,595		34,824		34,824		-		-		34,824

Total	$	1,185,831	$	1,171,954	$	39,181	$	209,520	$	923,253	$	6,221,318	$	6,090,901	$	354,822	$	975,814	$	4,760,265

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,015,094	$	1,010,560	$	-	$	-	$	1,010,560	$	5,014,443	$	5,005,851	$	-	$	-	$	5,005,851
Borrowings		71,962		72,270		-		72,270		-		794,223		764,387		-		764,387		-

Total	$	1,087,056	$	1,082,830	$	-	$	72,270	$	1,010,560	$	5,808,666	$	5,770,238	$	-	$	764,387	$	5,005,851

	Carrying		Total
	Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022
Financial Assets:
Cash and Short-Term Investments	$	168,346	$	168,346	$	168,346	$	-	$	-
Securities		890,751		890,751		-		836,983		53,768
Loans Held for Sale		304		304		-		304		-
Loans - Net		4,567,998		4,443,577		-		-		4,443,577
Servicing Rights		1,712		2,327		-		2,327		-
Cash Value of BOLI		91,958		91,958		-		91,958		-
Other Equity Securities		37,467		37,467		-		-		37,467
Total	$	5,758,536	$	5,634,730	$	168,346	$	931,572	$	4,534,812

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	4,820,345	$	4,810,263	$	-	$	-	$	4,810,263
Borrowings		560,123		544,564		-		544,564		-
Total	$	5,380,468	$	5,354,827	$	-	$	544,564	$	4,810,263

Table of Contents

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Carrying

Total

Amount

Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2016

Financial Assets:

Cash and Short-Term Investments
$ 44,729 $ 44,729 $ 44,729 $ - $ -
Securities
198,342 198,342 - 198,342 -
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
180 180 - 180 -
Loans - Net
802,789 796,400 - - 796,400
Cash Value of BOLI
22,567 22,567 - 22,567 -
Other Equity Securities
6,120 6,120 - - 6,120

Total
$ 1,074,727 $ 1,068,338 $ 44,729 $ 221,089 $ 802,520

Financial Liabilities:

Deposits
$ 932,795 $ 912,702 $ - $ - $ 912,702
Borrowings
53,646 53,706 - 53,706 -

Total
$ 986,441 $ 966,408 $ - $ 53,706 $ 912,702

Note 8 14– ~~Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements~~ Subsequent Events –

In ~~January 2016,~~ April 2023, the ~~FASB issued Accounting Standards Update~~Company entered into a Branch Purchase and Assumption Agreement (“~~ASU”~~Purchase Agreement”) ~~No. 2016-16,~~ ~~Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10), Recognition~~with Merchants and ~~Measurement~~Farmers Bank & Trust Company in Leesville, Louisiana, to sell its Leesville, Louisiana branch location. The Company will retain the loan accounts held and relocate them to other nearby branches. As of ~~Financial Assets~~June 30, 2023, total deposits were $22.5 million and ~~Financial Liabilities.~~ ~~The provisions of this ASU require equity investments to be measured at fair value~~were included with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment. This ASU also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. It also eliminates the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities, and eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized costconsolidated deposits on the balance sheet. ~~ASU No. 2016-16 requires public business entities~~A deposit premium per the Purchase Agreement is 7.00% of total deposits and accrued interest. The sale is expected to ~~use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. It also requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion~~take place as of the ~~total change in the fair value~~close of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. This ASU requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by category and formbusiness on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements. In addition, this ASU clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. For public business entities, the amendments in the update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.August 31, 2023.

Table of Contents

~~BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~Item2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL~~

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases (Topic 842), Conforming Amendments Related to Leases~~. This ASU amends the codification regarding leases in order to increase transparency and comparability. The ASU requires companies to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the statement of condition and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee would recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09,~~ ~~Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting~~. The ASU amends the codification to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification in the statement of cash flows. The amendments also allow an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected an accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur upon adoption of this ASU. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~. The amendments introduce an impairment model that is based on current expected credit losses (“CECL”), rather than incurred losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments (ex. loans and held to maturity securities), including certain off-balance sheet financial instruments (ex. commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit that are not unconditionally cancellable). The CECL should consider historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments, over the contractual term. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. Financial instruments with similar risk characteristics may be grouped together when estimating the CECL. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination that are measured at amortized cost basis is determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured at amortized cost basis; however, the initial estimate of expected credit loss would be recognized through an allowance for credit losses with an offset (i.e. increase) to the purchase price at acquisition. Only subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a credit loss expense for these assets. The ASU also amends the current available for sale security impairment model for debt securities whereby credit losses relating to available for sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019. The amendments will be applied through a modified retrospective approach, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is currently planning for the implementation of this ASU. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-13 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01,~~ ~~Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business,~~ which introduces amendments intended to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments will be applied prospectively and are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those periods. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~On January 26, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04,~~ ~~Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)~~ which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. The guidance in this ASU removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. The goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance will remain largely unchanged. Entities will continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. The same one-step impairment test will be applied to goodwill at all reporting units, even those with zero or negative carrying amounts. Entities will be required to disclose the amount of goodwill at reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. The revised guidance will be applied prospectively, and is effective for calendar year-end ending in 2020 for public business entities. Early adoption is permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)~~. This ASU implements a common revenue standard and clarifies the principles used for recognizing revenue. The amendments of the ASU clarify that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The entity should identify the contract with the customer, identify the performance obligation, determine the transaction price, allocate that transaction price to the performance obligation, and recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies the performance obligation. The amendments of the ASU will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018. The Company intends to adopt the amendments beginning January 1, 2018 and does not expect a significant impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~Note~~ 9 – ~~Subsequent Events~~ –

~~Agreement and Plan of Reorganization with Minden Bancorp, Inc.~~

On October 5, 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Agreement”) with Minden Bancorp, Inc. (“MBI”), the holding company for MBL Bank, Minden, Louisiana, and BFB Acquisition Company, a Louisiana corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Subsidiary”). The Reorganization Agreement provides for the merger of the Merger Subsidiary with and into MBI, with MBI as the surviving corporation. Immediately following the merger, MBI will be merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving corporation, and then MBL Bank will be immediately merged with and into Business First Bank, with Business First Bank as the surviving bank.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~Under the terms of the Reorganization Agreement, each of the issued and outstanding shares of MBI common stock will be converted into and represent the right to receive $31.50 thro~~ugh a combination of cash from the Company and a special dividend of up to $20.0 million from MBI immediately prior to closing. Prior to closing, each stock option issued by MBI will be cancelled in exchange for $31.50 less the exercise price. In the aggregate, MBI’s shareholders and equity rights holders will receive approximately $76.1 million. The terms of the Reorganization Agreement are pending, and subject to the satisfaction of all closing conditions, including the receipt of all required regulatory and shareholder approvals. The merger is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2018.

At September 30, 2017, MBI reported $318.2 million in total assets, $192.1 million in total loans, $249.3 million in total deposits, and $49.2 million in total shareholders’ equity. MBL Bank is the leading financial institution in Webster Parish, part of the Shreveport-Bossier City MSA, through its two branch locations.

~~Private Placement of Common Stock~~

On October 5, 2017, the Company also entered into Securities Purchase Agreements and Registration Rights Agreements with certain institutional investors and Subscription Agreements with certain other accredited investors, including certain directors and executive officers of the Company, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell in a private placement offering (the “Private Placement”) an aggregate of up to 3,300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Private Placement Shares”) at a purchase price of $20.00 per share. Stephens Inc. served as the sole placement agent for the Private Placement. The Private Placement closed on October 12, 2017, with the Company selling 3,299,925 shares for gross proceeds of approximately $66.0 million. The Company estimates the net proceeds of the Private Placement will be approximately $62.5 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering related expenses, and will be used to partially fund the Company’s acquisition of MBI and for general corporate purposes.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Item~~ 2.

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

~~FORWARD~~-~~LOOKING STATEMENTS~~

~~NOTE:~~ When we refer in this Form 10-Q to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” and “Business First,” we are referring to Business First Bancshares, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries,, including b1BANK, which we sometimes refer to as “the Bank,” unless the context indicates otherwise.

The information contained in this Form 10-Q is accurate only as of the date of this form and the dates specified herein.

All statements other than ~~statements~~statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) and other periodic reports filed by the Company, and other written or oral statements made by us or on our behalf, are “forward-looking statements,” as defined by (and subject to the “safe harbor” protections under) the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements include statements that reflect the current views of our senior management with respect to our financial performance and future events with respect to our business and the banking industry in ~~general, including, without limitation, statements relating to the timing and anticipated benefits of our proposed acquisition of Minden Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiary, MBL Bank.~~general. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “will continue,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would” and “outlook,” and similar expressions of a future or forward-looking nature. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, and risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements.

We believe these factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

●

risks related to the integration of any other acquired businesses, including exposure to potential asset quality and credit quality risks and unknown or contingent liabilities, risks related to entering a new geographic market, the time and costs associated with integrating systems, technology platforms, procedures and personnel, the ability to retain key employees and maintain relationships with significant customers, the need for additional capital to finance such transactions, and possible failures in realizing the anticipated benefits from acquisitions;

●

changes in the strength of the United States (“U.S.”) economy in general and the local economy in our local market areas adversely affecting our customers and their ability to transact profitable business with us, including the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans according to their terms or a change in the value of the related collateral;

●

economic risks posed by our geographic concentration in Louisiana, the ~~ability to sustain~~Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex and ~~continue our organic loan and deposit growth, and manage that growth effectively;~~Houston;

●

the ability to sustain and continue our organic loan and deposit growth, and manage that growth effectively;

●

market declines in industries to which we have exposure, such as the ~~continuing low crude~~volatility in oil prices and downturn in the energy industry that impact certain of our borrowers and investments that operate within, or are backed by collateral associated with, the ~~oil and gas~~energy industry;

●

volatility and direction of interest rates and market prices, which could reduce our net interest margins, asset valuations and expense expectations;

●

interest rate risk associated with our business;

●

changes in ~~interest rates~~the levels of loan prepayments and ~~market prices, which could reduce~~the resulting effects on the value of our ~~net interest margins, asset valuations and expense expectations;~~loan portfolio;

●

~~changes in the levels of loan prepayments and the resulting effects on the value of our loan portfolio;~~

●

increased competition ~~for deposits~~in the financial services industry, particularly from regional and ~~loans adversely affecting rates~~national institutions and ~~terms;~~emerging non-bank competitors;

●

increased credit risk in our assets and increased operating risk caused by a material change in commercial, consumer and/or real estate loans as a percentage of our total loan portfolio;

●

~~deteriorating asset quality and higher loan charge-offs, and the time and effort required to resolve problem assets;~~

●

~~the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of and provisions made to our allowance for credit losses;~~

●

changes in the ~~availability~~value of ~~funds resulting in increased costs or reduced liquidity;~~collateral securing our loans;

●

~~a determination or downgrade in the credit~~deteriorating asset quality and ~~credit agency ratings of~~higher loan charge-offs, and the ~~securities in our securities portfolio;~~time and effort required to resolve problem assets;

●

~~increased asset levels and changes in the composition of assets and the resulting impact on our capital levels and regulatory capital ratios;~~

●

our ability to satisfy the conditions and consummate the acquisition of Minden Bancorp, Inc. (“MBI”) and its subsidiary MBL Bank, Minden, Louisiana (“MBL Bank”), including the receipt of regulatory approvals required for the acquisition and approval of the acquisition by MBI’s shareholders;

~~Table of Contents~~

●

o~~ur ability to meet expectations regarding the timing and completion and accounting and tax treatment of the acquisition of MBI;~~

●

t~~he possibility that any of the anticipated benefits of the proposed acquisition of MBI will not be fully realized or will not be realized within the expected time period;~~

●

t~~he risk that integration of MBI’s and MBL Bank’s operations with those of the Company and Business First Bank will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected;~~

●

t~~he failure of the proposed acquisition of MBI to close for any other reason;~~

●

the effect of the announcement of the proposed acquisition of MBI on employee and customer relationships and operating results (including, without limitation, difficulties in maintaining relationships with employees and customers);

●

d~~ilution caused by the Company’s issuance of additional shares of its common stock in connection with the proposed private placement offering;~~

●

t~~he possibility that the proposed acquisition of MBI may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected factors or events;~~

●

the ~~loss~~failure of ~~senior management~~assumptions underlying the establishment of and provisions made to our allowance for credit losses;

●

changes in the availability of funds resulting in increased costs or ~~operating personnel~~reduced liquidity;

Table of Contents

●

our ability to maintain important deposit customer relationships and our reputation;

●

a determination or downgrade in the credit quality and credit agency ratings of the securities in our securities portfolio;

●

increased asset levels and changes in the composition of assets and the ~~potential inability to hire qualified personnel at reasonable compensation levels;~~resulting impact on our capital levels and regulatory capital ratios;

●

our ability to prudently manage our growth and execute our strategy;

●

risks associated with our acquisition and de novo branching strategy;

●

the loss of senior management or operating personnel and the potential inability to hire qualified personnel at reasonable compensation levels;

●

legislative or regulatory developments, including changes in the laws, regulations, interpretations or policies relating to financial institutions, accounting, tax, trade, monetary and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities, insurance and other aspects of the financial securities industry, such as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), and the extensive rule making required to be undertaken by various regulatory agencies under the Dodd-Frank Act;fiscal matters;

●

government intervention in the U.S. financial system;

●

changes in statutes and government ~~intervention~~regulations or their interpretations applicable to us, including changes in ~~the U.S. financial system;~~tax requirements and tax rates;

●

~~changes in statutes~~natural disasters and ~~government regulations or their interpretations applicable to us, including changes in tax requirements and tax rates;~~

●

adverse weather, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, ~~weather, including the historic Louisiana flood of 2016, or other acts of God~~epidemics and pandemics such as coronavirus, and other matters beyond our control; and

●

other risks and uncertainties listed from time to time in our reports and documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Report. IfAdditional information on these and other risk factors can be found in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Report and in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC.

In the event that one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF BUSINESS FIRST

The following discussion and analysis ~~focus~~esfocuses on significant changes in the financial condition of Business First and its subsidiaries from December31, ~~201~~62022 to ~~Septe~~~~mber~~ 30~~, 201~~7,June 30, 2023, and its results of operations for thethree and ~~nine~~six months ended June~~September~~30~~, 201~~7.30, 2023. This discussion and analysis is intended to highlight and supplement information presented elsewhere in this R~~eport~~report and should be read in conjunction with (i) the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto (the ~~“Notes”~~“Notes”) and (ii) our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, including the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, ~~management’s~~management’s discussion and analysis, and the risk factor disclosures contained therein. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and are based on certain assumptions that Business First believes are reasonable but may prove to be inaccurate. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth under ~~“Forward-Looking~~“Forward-Looking Statements,” ~~“Risk Factors”~~“Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this R~~eport~~,report, may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis. Business First assumes no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a registered ~~bank~~financial holding company headquartered in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, ~~Business First Bank,~~b1BANK, a Louisiana state chartered bank, we provide a broad range of financial services tailored to meet the needs of ~~small to medium-sized~~small-to-midsized businesses and professionals. Since our inception in 2006, our priority has been and continues to be creating shareholder value through the establishment of an attractive commercial banking franchise in Louisiana and across our region. We consider our primary ~~markets~~market to include the State of Louisiana, the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex, and ~~Dallas, Texas.~~Houston. We currently operate out of ~~nineteen offices, including sixteen full-service~~ banking centers ~~two~~and loan production offices ~~and one wealth solutions office in markets~~ across Louisiana and Texas. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, we had total assets of ~~$1.2~~$6.5 billion, total loans of ~~$938.1 million,~~$4.9 billion, total deposits of ~~$1.0~~$5.0 billion, and total shareholders’ equity of ~~$120.1~~$601.0 million.

~~While we continue to prioritize organic growth, we also~~ seek to capitalize upon other opportunities as they arise. After the close of business on March 31, 2015, we merged with American Gateway Financial Corporation (“AGFC”), parent bank holding company for American Gateway Bank, pursuant to which the operations of AGFC were merged with us and ten former American Gateway Bank branches were added to our branch network. Total assets acquired were $371.5 million, which included loans of $143.2 million, securities available for sale of $108.4 million, and deposits of $283.3 million. Shareholders of AGFC received merger consideration of $10.00 in cash and 11.88 shares of our common stock in exchange for each share of AGFC common stock.

In addition, on October 5, 2017, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Agreement”) with Minden Bancorp, Inc. (“MBI”), the holding company for MBL Bank, Minden, Louisiana, and BFB Acquisition Company, a Louisiana corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Business First (“Merger Subsidiary”). The Reorganization Agreement provides for the merger of the Merger Subsidiary with and into MBI, with MBI as the surviving corporation. Immediately following the merger, MBI will be merged with and into Business First, with Business First as the surviving corporation, and then MBL Bank will be immediately merged with and into Business First Bank, with Business First Bank as the surviving bank.

Under the terms of the Reorganization Agreement, each of the issued and outstanding shares of MBI common stock will be converted into and represent the right to receive $31.50 through a combination of cash from Business First and a special dividend of up to $20.0 million from MBI immediately prior to closing. Prior to closing, each stock option issued by MBI will be cancelled in exchange for $31.50 less the exercise price. In the aggregate, MBI~~’s shareholders and equity rights holders will receive approximately $76.1 million.~~

As a ~~bank~~financial holding company op~~erating~~operating through one ~~market~~reportable operating segment, community banking, we generate most of our revenues from interest income on loans, customer service and loan fees, and interest income from securities. We incur interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds and noninterest expense, such as salaries and employee benefits and occupancy expenses. We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from ~~interest earning~~interest-earning assets and expense of our liabilities through our net interest margin. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets.

~~Table of Contents~~

Changes in the market interest rates and the interest rates we earn on interest-earning assets or pay on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volume and types of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest spread, net interest margin and net interest income. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions, and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in our markets and across our region, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, financial services, insurance, transportation, manufacturing and energy sectors within our markets.

Other Developments

Acquisition of Texas Citizens Bancorp, Inc. (“TCBI”)

On October 20, 2021, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire TCBI, the parent bank holding company for Texas Citizens Bank, National Association, headquartered in Pasadena, Texas. The acquisition was consummated on March 1, 2022. At February 28, 2022, TCBI reported $534.2 million in total assets, $349.5 million in loans and $477.2 million in total deposits.

Preferred Stock Issuance

On September 1, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors pursuant to which we offered and sold shares of our 7.50% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, with no par value, for an aggregate purchase price of $72.0 million. The preferred stock was structured to qualify as additional Tier 1 capital under applicable regulatory capital guidelines. Holders of the preferred stock will be entitled to receive, if, when, and as declared by our board of directors (the “Board”), non-cumulative cash dividends at a rate of 7.50% for the first five years following issuance and thereafter at a variable rate equal to the then current 3-month secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), reset quarterly, plus 470 basis points. The preferred stock has a perpetual term and may not be redeemed, except under certain circumstances, under the first five years of issuance.

Table of Contents

Public Offering

On October 12, 2022, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Stephens, Inc., a representative of several underwriters, to issue and sell 2,500,000 shares of our common stock, $1.00 par value per share, in an underwritten public offering and a public offering price of $20.00 per share. After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses, the net proceeds of the offering was $47.2 million.

Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”)

On March 12, 2023, the Federal Reserve developed the BTFP, which offers loans to banks with a term of up to one year. The loans are secured by pledging the banks’ U.S. treasuries, agency securities, agency mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets. These pledged securities are valued at par for collateral purposes. The Bank participated in the BTFP and pledged securities with a remaining par value of $428.9 million as of June 30, 2023. The Bank had outstanding BTFP debt of $300.0 million at June 30, 2023.

Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window

On April 11, 2023, the Bank opened two new lines of credit for additional contingent liquidity, totaling $991.3 million as of June 30, 2023, through the Federal Reserve discount window. The Bank has not yet drawn on either of the lines of credit as of the date of this report.

Changes in Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instrument – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments related to the impairment of financial instruments. This guidance, commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”), changes impairment recognition to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The allowance for credit losses is considered a critical accounting policy and a critical accounting estimate. The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. Prior to January 1, 2023, the allowance for credit losses was established based on an incurred loss model. Upon the adoption of CECL, certain loan classification and segmentation categories were changed to align with the requirements of the standard and more effectively model the CECL estimate. The updated CECL segmentation is reflected in the disclosures beginning January 1, 2023, and prior period classifications have been adjusted to reflect CECL segmentations. Results from periods prior to January 1, 2023, are presented using the previously applicable GAAP. For more information see Note 1 and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report.

Financial Highlights

The financial hi~~ghlights~~highlights as of ~~September 30, 2017 include:~~

~~Total~~ ~~assets~~ ~~of $1.2 billion, a $108.0 million or 9.8% increase from December 31, 2016.~~

~~Total~~ ~~loans~~ ~~of $938.1 million, a $127.0 million or 15.7% increase from December 31, 2016.~~

~~Total~~ ~~deposits~~ ~~of $1.0 billion, an $82.3 million or 8.8% increase from December 31, 2016.~~

~~Net income~~and for the three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 of $1.7 million, a $302,000 or 21.9%~~2023, include:

•

Total assets of $6.5 billion, a $464.2 million, or 7.7%, increase from December 31, 2022.

•

Total loans held for investment of $4.9 billion, a $292.6 million, or 6.4%, increase from December 31, 2022.

•

Total deposits of $5.0 billion, a $194.1 million, or 4.0%, decrease from December 31, 2022.

•

Net income available to common shareholders of $32.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a $9.6 million, or 42.6%, increase from the six months ended June 30, 2022.

•

Net interest income of $106.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $16.0 million, or 17.8%, from the six months ended June 30, 2022.

•

Allowance for loan losses of 0.86% of total loans held for investment, compared to 0.83% as of December 31, 2022, and a ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment of 0.36%, compared to 0.25% as of December 31, 2022.

•

Earnings per common share for the first six months of 2023 of $1.28 per basic common share and $1.27 per diluted common share, compared to $1.03 per basic and diluted common share for the first six months of 2022.

•

Return on average assets of 1.04% over the first six months of 2023, compared to 0.88% for the first six months of 2022.

•

Return on average equity of 12.39% over the first six months of 2023, compared to 10.12% for the first six months of 2022.

•

Capital ratios for Tier 1 Leverage, Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 Risk-based and Total Risk-based Capital of 9.35%, 8.71%, 10.03% and 12.49%, respectively, compared to 9.49%, 8.68%, 10.07% and 12.75% at December 31, 2022.

•

Book value per common share of $20.87, an increase of 3.1% from $20.25 at December 31, 2022.

Table of Contents

Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022

Performance Summary

For the three ~~month period~~months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016.~~

~~Net interest~~ 2023, net income available to common shareholders was $18.4 million, or $0.73 per basic and diluted common share, compared to net income of ~~$10.5~~$13.8 million, or $0.61 per basic and diluted common share, for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017, a $791,000 or 8.1% increase from the three month period ended September 30, 2016.~~

~~An allowance for loan and lease~~ ~~losses~~ ~~of 0.99% of total loans held for investment and a ratio of non-performing loans to total loans held for investment of 1.44% as of September 30, 2017.~~

2022. Return on average assets, ~~of 0.65% over~~on an annualized basis, increased to 1.18% for the ~~first nine~~three months ~~of 2017.~~

ended June 30, 2023, from 1.03% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Return on average equity, ~~of 6.51% over~~on an annualized basis, increased to 13.99% for the ~~first nine~~three months ~~of 2017.~~ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 12.25% for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

~~Capital ratios~~ For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net income available to common shareholders was $32.1 million, or $1.28 per basic common share and $1.27 per diluted common share, compared to net income of $22.5 million, or $1.03 per basic and diluted common share, for ~~Tier 1 Leverage, Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 Risk-based and Total Risk-based Capital of 9.47%, 9.83%, 9.83% and 10.64%, respectively~~the six months ended June 30, 2022. Return on average assets, on an annualized basis, increased to 1.04% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from 0.88% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Return on average equity, on an annualized basis, increased to 12.39% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as ~~of September~~compared to 10.12% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2017.~~2022.

~~Book value per share~~ ~~of $17.32 as of September 30, 2017, an increase of 5.5% from $16.42 at December 31, 2016.~~

~~Results of Operations for the~~ ~~Three~~ ~~and~~ ~~Nine~~ ~~Months Ended~~ ~~September~~ 30~~, 201~~7 ~~and 201~~6

Net Interest Income

Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income, calculated as the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in market interest rates impact the yield and rates paid on interest sensitive assets and liabilities. Changes in the amount and type of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities also impact net interest income. The variance driven by the changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is referred to as a “volume change.” Changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds are referred to as a “rate change.”

To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor (1) yields on our loans and other interest-earning assets, (2) the costs of our deposits and other funding sources, (3) our net interest spread and (4) our net interest margin. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Because noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and shareholders’ equity also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these noninterest-bearing sources. We calculate average assets, liabilities, and ~~capital~~equity using a monthly ~~average.~~average, and average yield/rate utilizing an actual 365-day count convention.

~~Table of Contents~~

For the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, net interest income totaled ~~$10.5~~$53.3 million, and net interest margin and net interest spread were ~~3.82%~~3.63% and ~~3.56%~~2.75%, ~~respectively.~~respectively, compared to $49.6 million, 3.99%, and 3.81%, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The average yield on the loan portfolio was 6.54% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 5.11% for the three months ended June 30, 2022, and the average yield on total interest-earning assets was 5.84% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 4.35% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016,~~2023, overall cost of funds (which includes noninterest-bearing deposits) increased 195 basis points compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to the federal reserve increasing rates during 2022 and 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net interest income totaled ~~$9.7~~$106.1 million, and net interest margin and net interest spread were ~~3.78%~~3.69% and 3.59%, respectively. The change in net interest margin and net interest spread were primarily due to the sale of a 98% participation interest in one of our impaired credits acquired from AGFC and to the change in the rate environment. Excluding the $317,000 purchase discount included in the interest income which was recognized upon the sale of the 98% participation interest during the quarter ended September 30, 2017, net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.70% and 3.45%2.85%, respectively, ~~with an~~compared to $90.0 million, 3.78%, and 3.61%, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The average yield on ~~our~~the loan portfolio ~~of 4.94%~~was 6.44% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 4.98% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and anthe average yield on total interest-earning assets was 5.75% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 4.12% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, overall cost of ~~4.39%. In addition, we experienced an overall increase of 16~~funds (which includes noninterest-bearing deposits) increased 180 basis points ~~in cost of funds. For~~compared to the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2017, net interest income totaled $32.8 million, and net interest margin and net interest spread were 4.06% and 3.84%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net interest income totaled $28.3 million and net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.64% and 3.48%, respectively. The positive change in net interest margin and net interest spread was2022, primarily due to the ~~sale of a 98% participation interest in two of our impaired credits acquired from AGFC,~~federal reserve increasing rates during 2022 and to a lesser extent, to the change in the rate environment. Excluding the $2.8 million purchase discount included in interest income which was recognized upon the two sales of a 98% participation interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.72% and 3.50%, respectively, with an average yield on our loan portfolio of 4.96% and an average yield on total interest-earning assets of 4.36%. In addition, we experienced an overall increase in cost of funds of 14 basis points during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the prior year period. While we experienced significant growth in average loan balances, we anticipate continued pressure on our net interest margin and net interest spread.2023.

Table of Contents

The following ~~table~~stables present, for the periods indicated, an analysis of net interest income by each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the average amounts outstanding and the interest earned or paid on such amounts. The ~~tables~~table also ~~set~~sets forth the average rate earned on interest-earning assets, the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and the net interest margin on average total interest-earning assets for the same periods. Interest earned on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is not recognized in income; however, the balances are reflected in average outstanding balances for the period. For the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016,~~2022, interest income not recognized on nonaccrual loans was not material. Any nonaccrual loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The average total loans reflected below isare net of deferred loan fees and discounts. Acquired loans were recorded at fair value at acquisition and ~~accrete~~accrete/amortize discounts and premiums as an adjustment to yield. Prior to January 1, 2023, and the adoption of ASU 2016-13, acquired impaired loans accreted interest income ~~over~~based on their estimated expected cash flows. Averages presented in the ~~remaining lives of the respective loans.~~table below, and throughout this report, are month-end averages.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,																For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2017								2016								2023								2022
	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/Interest Paid		Average Yield/Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/Interest Paid		Average Yield/Rate
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)																(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Total loans	$	899,739		$	11,433		5.08	%	$	799,227		$	10,281		5.15	%	$	4,861,783		$	79,223		6.54	%	$	3,894,899		$	49,639		5.11	%
Securities available for sale		193,509			953		1.97	%		212,414			955		1.80	%
Securities																		916,421			5,097		2.23			966,960			4,143		1.72
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		11,125			38		1.37	%		19,681			43		0.87	%		117,086			1,528		5.23			122,175			232		0.76
Total interest-earning assets		1,104,373			12,424		4.50	%		1,031,322			11,279		4.37	%		5,895,290			85,848		5.84			4,984,034			54,014		4.35
Allowance for loan losses		(9,121	)							(7,521	)							(42,010	)							(29,945	)
Noninterest-earning assets		92,301								107,278								421,376								417,550
Total assets	$	1,187,553		$	12,424				$	1,131,079		$	11,279				$	6,274,656		$	85,848				$	5,371,639		$	54,014

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	735,371		$	1,665		0.91	%	$	731,006		$	1,376		0.75	%	$	3,405,221		$	23,680		2.79	%	$	2,981,613		$	2,557		0.34	%
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”)		65,710			182		1.11	%		47,889			134		1.12	%
Subordinated debt																		108,619			1,251		4.62			111,107			1,300		4.69
Subordinated debt - trust preferred securities																		5,000			108		8.66			5,000			52		4.17
Bank Term Funding Program																		384,816			4,309		4.49			-			-		-
Advances from FHLB																		298,324			3,038		4.08			171,224			506		1.19
First National Bankers Bank ("FNBB") Line of Credit																		-			-		-			3,333			21		2.53
Other borrowings		6,609			44		2.66	%		5,923			27		1.82	%		22,109			136		2.47			24,927			16		0.26
Total interest-bearing liabilities		807,690			1,891		0.94	%		784,818			1,537		0.78	%		4,224,089			32,522		3.09			3,297,204			4,452		0.54

Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits		253,866								221,950								1,410,983								1,596,174
Other liabilities		6,068								7,593								40,329								27,830
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities		259,934								229,543								1,451,312								1,624,004
Shareholders’ equity		119,929								116,718
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,187,553							$	1,131,079
Shareholders' equity:
Common shareholders' equity																		527,325								450,431
Preferred equity																		71,930								-
Total shareholders' equity																		599,255								450,431
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity																	$	6,274,656							$	5,371,639
Net interest rate spread⁽¹⁾							3.56	%							3.59	%							2.75	%							3.81	%
Net interest income				$	10,533							$	9,742							$	53,326							$	49,562
Net interest margin⁽²⁾							3.82	%							3.78	%							3.63	%							3.99	%
Overall cost of funds																							2.31	%							0.36	%

(1) Net interest spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.

(2) Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

~~Net interest spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.~~

~~(2)~~

~~Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.~~

Table of Contents

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,																For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017								2016								2023								2022
	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/Interest Paid		Average Yield/Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/Interest Paid		Average Yield/Rate
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)																(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Total loans	$	867,036		$	34,972		5.38	%	$	790,480		$	29,548		4.98	%	$	4,790,843		$	152,991		6.44	%	$	3,640,470		$	89,822		4.98	%
Securities available for sale		197,759			2,872		1.94	%		211,891			2,858		1.80	%
Securities																		921,958			9,879		2.16			986,107			7,987		1.63
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		10,897			85		1.04	%		32,404			161		0.66	%		87,282			2,470		5.71			171,662			327		0.38
Total interest-earning assets		1,075,692			37,929		4.70	%		1,034,775			32,567		4.20	%		5,800,083			165,340		5.75			4,798,239			98,136		4.12
Allowance for loan losses		(8,545	)							(7,351	)
Allowance for credit losses																		(41,772	)							(29,602	)
Noninterest-earning assets		98,178								104,092								440,549								377,235
Total assets	$	1,165,325		$	37,929				$	1,131,516		$	32,567

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Total Assets																	$	6,198,860		$	165,340				$	5,145,872		$	98,136
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	723,796		$	4,514		0.83	%	$	734,309		$	3,800		0.69	%	$	3,372,358		$	42,608		2.55	%	$	2,932,228		$	4,820		0.33	%
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”)		65,268			508		1.04	%		51,665			414		1.07	%
Subordinated debt																		109,634			2,640		4.86			101,231			2,415		4.81
Subordinated debt - trust preferred securities																		5,000			206		8.31			5,000			94		3.79
Bank Term Funding Program																		207,411			4,689		4.56			-			-		-
Advances from FHLB																		410,348			8,880		4.36			125,800			729		1.17
FNBB Line of Credit																		-			-		-			1,667			21		2.54
Other borrowings		6,705			124		2.47	%		6,085			79		1.73	%		21,502			242		2.27			22,297			20		0.18
Total interest-bearing liabilities		795,769			5,146		0.86	%		792,059			4,293		0.72	%		4,126,253			59,265		2.90			3,188,223			8,099		0.51

Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits		246,516								217,014								1,442,084								1,483,095
Other liabilities		6,101								7,140								36,601								26,338
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities		252,617								224,154								1,478,685								1,509,433
Shareholders’ equity		116,939								115,303
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,165,325							$	1,131,516
Shareholders' equity:
Common shareholders' equity																		521,992								448,216
Preferred equity																		71,930								-
Total shareholders' equity																		593,922								448,216
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity																	$	6,198,860							$	5,145,872
Net interest rate spread⁽¹⁾							3.84	%							3.48	%							2.85	%							3.61	%
Net interest income				$	32,783							$	28,274							$	106,075							$	90,037
Net interest margin⁽²⁾							4.06	%							3.64	%							3.69	%							3.78	%
Overall cost of funds																							2.15	%							0.35	%

(1) Net interest spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.

(2) Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

~~Net interest spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.~~

~~(2)~~

~~Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.~~

Table of Contents

The following ~~table~~stables present information regarding the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and distinguishes between the changes attributable to changes in volume and changes attributable to changes in interest rates. For the purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
compared to the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2016

Increase (Decrease) due to change in

Volume

Rate

Total

(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)

Interest-earning assets:

Total loans
$ 1,277 $ (125 ) $ 1,152
Securities available for sale
(93 ) 91 (2 )
Interest-earning deposits in other banks
(29 ) 24 (5 )
Total increase in interest income
$ 1,155 $ (10 ) $ 1,145

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Interest-bearing deposits
$ 10 $ 279 $ 289
Advances from FHLB
49 (1 ) 48
Other borrowings
5 12 17
Total increase in interest expense
64 290 354
Increase in net interest income
$ 1,091 $ (300 ) $ 791

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016									For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Increase (Decrease) due to change in									Increase (Decrease) due to change in
	Volume			Rate			Total			Volume			Rate			Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)									(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Interest-earning assets:
Total loans	$	3,088		$	2,336		$	5,424		$	15,755		$	13,829		$	29,584
Securities available for sale		(205	)		219			14
Interest-earning deposits in other banks		(168	)		92			(76	)
Securities											(281	)		1,235			954
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks											(66	)		1,362			1,296
Total increase in interest income	$	2,715		$	2,647		$	5,362		$	15,408		$	16,426		$	31,834

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	(66	)	$	780		$	714		$	2,946		$	18,177		$	21,123
Subordinated debt											(29	)		(20	)		(49	)
Subordinated debt - trust preferred securities											-			56			56
Bank Term Funding Program											4,309			-			4,309
Advances from FHLB		106			(12	)		94			1,294			1,238			2,532
FNBB Line of Credit											-			(21	)		(21	)
Other borrowings		11			34			45			(17	)		137			120
Total increase in interest expense		51			802			853			8,503			19,567			28,070
Increase in net interest income	$	2,664		$	1,845		$	4,509
Increase (decrease) in net interest income										$	6,905		$	(3,141	)	$	3,764

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Increase (Decrease) due to change in
	Volume			Rate			Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Interest-earning assets:
Total loans	$	36,736		$	26,433		$	63,169
Securities		(687	)		2,579			1,892
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		(2,388	)		4,531			2,143
Total increase in interest income	$	33,661		$	33,543		$	67,204
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	5,561		$	32,227		$	37,788
Subordinated debt		202			23			225
Subordinated debt - trust preferred securities		-			112			112
Bank Term Funding Program		4,689			-			4,689
Advances from FHLB		6,158			1,993			8,151
FNBB Line of Credit		-			(21	)		(21	)
Other borrowings		(9	)		231			222
Total increase in interest expense		16,601			34,565			51,166
Increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	17,060		$	(1,022	)	$	16,038

Provision for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses

Our provision for ~~loan~~credit losses is a charge to income in order to bring our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses to a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the factors taken into account by management in determining the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses see “—Financial ~~Condition—~~Condition—Allowance for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses.” The provision for ~~loan~~credit losses was ~~$247,000~~$538,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~$100,000~~$2.9 million for the same period in ~~2016.~~2022. For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016,~~2022, the provision for ~~loan~~credit losses was ~~$1.9~~$3.8 million and ~~$920,000,~~$4.6 million, respectively. The ~~higher~~lower provision ~~during~~for the ~~first nine~~both the three and six months ~~of 2017 was to increase our general reserves related to our exposure~~ended June 30, 2023, compared to the ~~commercial and energy sectors.~~same periods in 2022 relates primarily to lower loan growth in 2023.

Table of Contents

NNoninterest Income (“~~oninterest~~Other Income”)

Our primary sources of noninterest income are service charges on deposit accounts, debit card and automated teller machine (“ATM”) fee income, income from bank-owned life insurance, fees and brokerage ~~commissions.~~

commissions and pass-through income from other investments (small business investment company (“SBIC”) partnerships and fintech technology (“Fintech”) funds). The following ~~table~~stables present, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,					Increase			For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016		(Decrease)			2023			2022			Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)								(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	542		$	558	$	(16	)	$	2,413		$	2,086		$	327
Debit card fee income		159			141		18
Automated Teller Machine (“ATM”) fees		47			47		—
Debit card and ATM fee income										1,646			1,657			(11	)
Bank-owned life insurance income		163			147		16			547			475			72
Gain on sales of investment securities		31			—		31
Brokerage commissions		288			175		113
Gain on sales of loans										494			186			308
Loss on sales of investment securities										(61	)		(8	)		(53	)
Fees and brokerage commissions										1,791			1,749			42
Mortgage origination income		61			31		30			56			161			(105	)
Correspondent bank income		63			85		(22	)		94			10			84
Rental income		139			17		122
Gain (loss) on sales of other real estate owned		(340	)		84		(424	)
Gain on sales of other real estate owned										14			10			4
Gain on sales / disposals of other assets										14			-			14
Gain on extinguishment of debt										941			-			941
Pass-through income from other investments										2,812			52			2,760
Other		88			83		5			1,197			643			554
Total noninterest income	$	1,241		$	1,368	$	(127	)	$	11,958		$	7,021		$	4,937

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase			For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			(Decrease)			2023			2022			Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)									(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	1,579		$	1,541		$	38		$	4,694		$	3,891		$	803
Debit card fee income		491			453			38
Automated Teller Machine (“ATM”) fees		145			136			9
Debit card and ATM fee income											3,216			3,158			58
Bank-owned life insurance income		472			637			(165	)		1,071			844			227
Gain on sales of investment securities		31			231			(200	)
Brokerage commissions		731			447			284
Gain on sales of loans											1,105			251			854
Loss on sales of investment securities											(62	)		(39	)		(23	)
Fees and brokerage commissions											3,604			3,584			20
Mortgage origination income		161			94			67			130			370			(240	)
Correspondent bank income		228			156			72			131			14			117
Pass-through income (loss) from SBIC partnerships		190			(44	)		234
Rental income		184			27			157
Gain (loss) on sales of other real estate owned		(336	)		146			(482	)
Gain on sales of other real estate owned											223			18			205
Gain (loss) on sales of other assets											9			(717	)		726
Gain on extinguishment of debt											941			-			941
Pass-through income from other investments											2,985			167			2,818
Other		269			255			14			2,299			1,376			923
Total noninterest income	$	4,145		$	4,079		$	66		$	20,346		$	12,917		$	7,429

~~Noninterest income for the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $127,000 or 9.3% to $1.2 million compared to~~Total noninterest income ~~of $1.4~~increased $4.9 million, ~~for the same period in 2016. Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $66,000~~ or ~~1.6% compared to the same period in 2016. The components of noninterest income with significant fluctuations compared to the prior year period were as follows:~~

~~Bank-owned life~~ ~~insurance~~ ~~(“BOLI”)~~ ~~income~~.We invest in BOLI due to its attractive nontaxable return and protection against the loss of our key employees. We record income based on the growth of the cash surrender value of these policies as well as the annual yield. Income70.3%, from ~~BOLI was $163,000 for~~ the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 as compared to $147,000 for the same time period in 2016, an~~2022. The increase of $16,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, income was $472,000 and $637,000, respectively. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, over the same period in 2016, was primarily due to ~~receipt~~the increase in service charges of ~~a death benefit~~$327,000, or 15.7%, the increase in the gain on sales of loans of $308,000, or 165.6%, primarily due to the sale of small business administration (“SBA”) loans, the gain on extinguishment of debt of $941,000 related to athe redemption of subordinated debt, and the increase in pass-through income from other equity investments of $2.8 million.

Total noninterest income increased $7.4 million, or 57.5%, from the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to the increase in service charges of $803,000, or 20.6%, the increase in the gain on sales of loans of $854,000, or 340.2%, primarily due to the sale of small business administration (“SBA”) loans, the gain on extinguishment of debt of $941,000 related to the redemption of subordinated debt, and the increase in pass-through income from other equity investments of $2.8 million, offset by the reduction of $717,000 relating to the disposal of former ~~AGFC employee during the first quarter of 2016.~~branch equipment in 2022.

Table of Contents

~~Brokerage commissions.~~We earn commissions from brokerage services provided by our Wealth Solutions Group. Brokerage commissions totaled $288,000 and $175,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, commissions totaled $731,000 and $447,000, respectively. The increase of $113,000 or 64.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $284,000 or 63.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, over the prior year periods, was primarily due to recruiting a 4-person advisory team in 2016 and completing the conversion of their book of business from the prior broker-dealer to Business First.

~~Correspondent bank income.~~During the first half of 2016 we renegotiated certain of our correspondent banking relationships. We received earnings credit income of $63,000 and $85,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we received earnings credit income of $228,000 and $156,000, respectively.

~~Pass-through income from SBIC partnerships~~. We are an investor in several SBIC programs, which are joint ventures between various investors with venture capital, the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), and small business borrowers. During 2016, the programs in which we have invested venture capital were still in the start-up phase. Those programs are maturing and becoming profitable in 2017. Pass-through income from SBIC partnerships was $190,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to a loss of $44,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

~~Rental income.~~We receive rental income from our other real estate owned and from the sublease of our former corporate offices. Rental income totaled $139,000 and $17,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $122,000 over the prior year period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, rental income totaled $184,000 and $27,000 respectively, and increase of $157,000. The increase during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the prior year periods, was primarily as a result of net rental income of $116,000 received upon the disposition of one of our other real estate owned properties which we have held since April 2013.

~~Gain (loss) on sales of other real~~ ~~estate~~ ~~owned~~.We incurred a net loss of $340,000 and a net gain of $84,000 on the sale of other real estate owned during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The net loss totaled $336,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to a net gain of $146,000 for the prior year period. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, a loss of $335,000 was incurred on the disposal of a single property we have held since April 2013.

~~Other.~~This category includes a variety of other income producing activities, including wire transfer fees, insurance commissions, credit card income and participation fee income. Other income increased $5,000 or 6.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016, other income increased $14,000 or 5.5%.

Noninterest Expense (“Other Expense”)

Generally, noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, obtaining and retaining customer relationships, and providing bank services. The largest component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy expenses, depreciation and amortization, professional and regulatory fees, including Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) assessments, data processing expenses, and advertising and promotion ~~expenses.~~expenses, among others.

~~Table of Contents~~

The following ~~table~~tables present,s, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase			For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		(Decrease)			2023		2022		Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)							(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	5,559	$	5,045	$	514		$	22,339	$	21,408	$	931
Non-staff expenses:
Occupancy of bank premises		617		718		(101	)		2,406		2,422		(16	)
Depreciation and amortization		351		391		(40	)		1,720		1,734		(14	)
Data processing		385		359		26			3,035		1,886		1,149
FDIC assessment fees		202		206		(4	)		1,092		661		431
Legal and other professional fees		358		427		(69	)
Legal and professional fees									961		735		226
Advertising and promotions		271		418		(147	)		1,226		703		523
Utilities and communications		242		255		(13	)		720		822		(102	)
Ad valorem shares tax		165		180		(15	)		965		812		153
Directors’ fees		76		84		(8	)
Directors' fees									270		212		58
Other real estate owned expenses and write-downs		4		12		(8	)		39		35		4
Merger and conversion related expenses									68		615		(547	)
Other		984		1,061		(77	)		4,861		4,352		509
Total noninterest expense	$	9,214	$	9,156	$	58		$	39,702	$	36,397	$	3,305

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	45,515	$	41,111	$	4,404
Non-staff expenses:
Occupancy of bank premises		4,703		4,474		229
Depreciation and amortization		3,430		3,303		127
Data processing		4,520		4,002		518
FDIC assessment fees		2,025		1,404		621
Legal and professional fees		1,574		1,278		296
Advertising and promotions		2,374		1,234		1,140
Utilities and communications		1,441		1,601		(160	)
Ad valorem shares tax		1,930		1,625		305
Directors' fees		539		414		125
Other real estate owned expenses and write-downs		169		49		120
Merger and conversion related expenses		171		1,426		(1,255	)
Other		9,990		8,196		1,794
Total noninterest expense	$	78,381	$	70,117	$	8,264

For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,

Increase

2017

2016
(Decrease)

(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)

Salaries and employee benefits
$ 15,940 $ 14,768 $ 1,172
Non-staff expenses:

Occupancy of bank premises
1,864 1,818 46
Depreciation and amortization
1,119 1,164 (45 )
Data processing
1,145 1,092 53
FDIC assessment fees
568 563 5
Legal and other professional fees
942 1,485 (543 )
Advertising and promotions
934 983 (49 )
Utilities and communications
733 766 (33 )
Ad valorem shares tax
495 541 (46 )
Directors’ fees
317 254 63
Other real estate owned expenses and write-downs
43 157 (114 )
Other
2,994 3,116 (122 )
Total noninterest expense
$ 27,094 $ 26,707 $ 387

~~Noninterest~~Total noninterest expense ~~for~~increased $3.3 million, or 9.1%, from the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 totaled $9.2~~2022, primarily attributed to a $931,000, or 4.3%, increase in salaries and employee benefits, and a $1.1 million, ~~and increased $58,000~~ or ~~0.6% compared~~60.9%, increase in data processing expenses. The increase in data processing costs was attributable to $715,000 in charges paid in the ~~prior year period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017,~~second quarter of 2023 due to an error identified by our data processor in their billing system.

Total noninterest expense increased ~~$387,000~~$8.3 million, or ~~1.4%~~11.8%, from the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily attributed to ~~$27.1~~a $4.4 million, ~~compared to noninterest expense of $26.7 million for the same period~~or 10.7%, increase in ~~2016. The components of noninterest expense with significant fluctuations compared to the prior year period were as follows:~~

~~Salaries~~salaries and employee benefits,. Salaries and employee benefits are the largest component of noninterest expense and include payroll expense, the cost of incentive compensation, benefit plans, health insurance and payroll taxes. Salaries and employee benefits were $5.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $514,000 or 10.2% compared to the same period in 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, salaries and benefits were $15.9 million, an increase of $1.2 a $1.1 million, or ~~7.9% compared to the same period~~92.4%, increase in ~~2016. The increase was primarily due to~~advertising and promotions, and ~~additional hires for new positions, our merit increase cycle,~~partially offset by the reduction of $1.3 million, or 88.0%, in merger and higher commissions paid as a result of the increase in our brokerage services activity. As of September 30, 2017, we had 226 full-time equivalent employees compared to 202 as of September 30, 2016. Salaries and employee benefits included stock-based compensation expense of $70,000 and $51,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, salaries and benefits included stock-based compensation income of $13,000 and expense of $207,000, respectively. We had net stock-based compensation income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to the forfeiture of vested stock options for certain employees during the first quarter 2017.conversion related expenses.

Table of Contents

~~Occupancy of bank premises~~. Expenses associated with occupancy of premises was $617,000 and $718,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, occupancy and bank premises expenses totaled $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period 2016, was mainly due to the demolition and cleanup costs incurred for one of our branches impacted by the August 2016 flooding in South Louisiana as well as the costs incurred in July 2016 to relocate our corporate offices to downtown Baton Rouge. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016, may be attributed primarily to increased rent expense due to new lease commitments as a result of the third quarter 2016 relocation of our corporate offices to downtown Baton Rouge and entering into the Dallas, Texas market in 2017.

~~Legal and other professional fees.~~Other professional fees include audit, loan review, compliance, and other consultants. Legal and other professional fees were $358,000 and $427,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, legal and other professional fees were $942,000 and $1.5 million, respectively. Legal and other professional fees were $69,000 or 16.2% lower during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $543,000 or 36.6% lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016, primarily due to the fees incurred in 2016 in our defense of the litigation related to the dissenting former AGFC shareholders who exercised their statutory rights of appraisal.

~~Directors’ fees.~~ Directors’ fees were $76,000 and $84,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, directors’ fees were $317,000 and $254,000, respectively. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $63,000, or 24.8%, was primarily due to the March 31, 2017 issuance of an aggregate 4,410 shares of our common stock valued at $75,000 to our non-employee directors as non-cash compensation for their board service to Business First.

~~Other~~. This category includes operating and administrative expenses including business development expenses (i.e. travel and entertainment, donations and club dues), insurance, supplies and printing, equipment rent, and software support and maintenance. Other noninterest expense decreased $77,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, other noninterest expense decreased $122,000 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in other expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016, was primarily due to the $162,000 statutory interest paid as a result of the litigation settlement with the dissenting former AGFC shareholders who exercised their statutory rights of appraisal.

Income Tax Expense

The amount of income tax expense is influenced by the amounts of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

For the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, income tax expense totaled ~~$631,000, an increase of $157,000 or 33.1% compared to $474,000 for the same period in 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, income tax expense totaled $2.2~~$5.3 million, an increase of ~~$1.1~~$1.8 million, or ~~101.4%~~52.3%, compared to ~~$1.1~~$3.5 million for the same period in ~~2016.~~2022. For ~~both periods presented,~~ the ~~increase in~~six months ended June 30, 2023, income tax expense ~~may be attributed primarily~~totaled $9.5 million, an increase of $3.7 million, or 64.4%, compared to ~~a higher level of taxable income.~~$5.8 million for the same period in 2022. Our effective tax rates for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016~~2022 were ~~27.3%~~21.2% and ~~25.6%~~20.2%, respectively. For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016,~~2022, our effective tax rates were ~~28.0%~~21.5% and ~~23.3%~~20.5%, respectively. ~~Our effective tax rate for both periods was affected primarily by tax-exempt income generated by municipal securities and BOLI, and by other nondeductible expenses.~~

Financial Condition

Our total assets increased ~~$108.0~~$464.2 million, or ~~9.8%~~7.7%, from December 31, ~~2016~~2022, to ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, due primarily ~~due to~~from the increase in our loan ~~growth.~~portfolio.

Loan Portfolio

Our primary source of income is interest on loans to individuals, professionals and ~~small to medium-sized~~small-to-midsized businesses located in ~~Louisiana and Texas.~~our markets. Our loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial loans and real estate loans secured by commercial real estate properties located in our primary market ~~area.~~areas. Our loan portfolio represents the highest yielding component of our earning asset base.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, total loans, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, were ~~$938.1 million,~~$4.9 billion, an increase of ~~$127.0~~$292.6 million, or 6.4%, compared to ~~$811.1 million~~$4.6 billion as of December 31, ~~2016.~~2022. The increase was primarily due to our ~~continued loan penetration in our primary market areas, which was spearheaded by our Baton Rouge market~~Dallas/Fort Worth, North Louisiana and ~~our loan production offices in~~ New Orleans regions which accounted for 88.2% of the loan growth based on unpaid principal balances. Additionally, $435,000, and ~~Dallas. Total loans include $332,000 and $180,000~~$304,000 in loans were classified as loans held for sale as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively.

~~Table of Contents~~

Total loans held for investment as a percentage of total deposits were ~~92.4%~~97.7% and ~~87.0%~~95.6% as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively. Total loans held for investment as a percentage of total assets were ~~77.3%~~75.9% and ~~73.3%~~76.9% as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated:

As of September 30, 2017

As of December 31, 2016

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

(Dollars in
thousands)
(Unaudited)

(Dollars in
thousands)

Commercial
$ 261,478 27.9 % $ 213,120 26.3 %
Real estate:

Construction and land
121,377 12.9 % 94,426 11.6 %
Farmland
10,469 1.1 % 9,217 1.1 %
1-4 family residential
145,911 15.6 % 129,052 15.9 %
Multi-family residential
19,750 2.1 % 22,737 2.8 %
Nonfarm nonresidential
331,053 35.3 % 298,057 36.8 %
Consumer
47,738 5.1 % 44,342 5.5 %
Total loans held for investment
$ 937,776 100 % $ 810,951 100 %

	As of June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)					As of December 31, 2022
	Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	2,132,044		43.5	%	$	2,020,406		43.9	%
Construction		719,080		14.7			722,074		15.7
Residential		675,462		13.8			656,378		14.2
Total Real Estate Loans		3,526,586		72.0			3,398,858		73.8
Commercial		1,309,222		26.7			1,153,873		25.0
Consumer and Other		62,929		1.3			53,445		1.2
Total loans held for investment	$	4,898,737		100.0	%	$	4,606,176		100.0	%

SBA Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans accounted for $1.4 million and $2.8 million of the commercial portfolio as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Real Estate: Commercial loans are extensions of credit secured by owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied collateral. Repayment is generally dependent on the successful operations of the property. General economic conditions may impact the performance of these types of loans, including fluctuations in the value of real estate, vacancy rates, and unemployment trends. Real estate commercial loans also include farmland loans that can be, or are, used for agricultural purposes. These loans are usually repaid through permanent financing, cash flow from the borrower’s ongoing operations, development of the property, or sale of the property.

~~Commercial loans.~~

Table of Contents

Real Estate: Commercial loans increased $111.6 million, or 5.5%, to $2.1 billion as of June 30, 2023, from $2.0 billion as of December 31, 2022.

Real Estate: Construction loans include loans to small-to-midsized businesses to construct owner-occupied properties, loans to developers of commercial real estate investment properties and residential developments and, to a lesser extent, loans to individual clients for construction of single-family homes in our market areas. Risks associated with these loans include fluctuations in the value of real estate, project completion risk and changes in market trends. We are also exposed to risk based on the ability of the construction loan borrower to finance the loan or sell the property upon completion of the project, which may be affected by changes in secondary market terms and criteria for permanent financing since the time we funded the loan.

Real Estate: Construction loans decreased $3.0 million, or 0.4%, to $719.1 million as of June 30, 2023, from $722.1 million as of December 31, 2022.

Real Estate: Residential loans include first and second lien 1-4 family mortgage loans, as well as home equity lines of credit, in each case primarily on owner-occupied primary residences. The Company is exposed to risk based on fluctuations in the value of the real estate collateral securing the loan, as well as changes in the borrower’s financial condition, which could be affected by numerous factors, including divorce, job loss, illness, or other personal hardship. Real estate residential loans also include multi-family residential loans originated to provide permanent financing for multi-family residential income producing properties. Repayment of these loans primarily relies on successful rental and management of the property.

Real Estate: Residential loans increased $19.1 million, or 2.9%, to $675.5 million as of June 30, 2023, from $656.4 million as of December 31, 2022.

Commercial loans include general commercial and industrial, or C&I, loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, asset acquisition, expansion, and development loans, borrowing base loans, letters of credit and other loan products, primarily in the Company’s target markets that are underwritten ~~after evaluating and understanding~~based on the borrower’s ability to ~~operate profitably~~service the debt from income. Commercial loan risk is derived from the expectation that such loans generally are serviced principally from the operations of the business, and ~~effectively. These loans are made based primarily on~~those operations may not be successful. Any interruption or discontinuance of operating cash flows from the ~~identified cash flows~~business, which may be influenced by events not under the control of the borrower ~~and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets,~~ such as ~~accounts receivable or inventory,~~economic events and ~~generally include personal guarantees.~~changes in governmental regulations, could materially affect the ability of the borrower to repay the loan.

Commercial loans increased $~~48.4~~$155.3 million, or ~~22.7%~~13.5%, to ~~$261.5~~$1.3 billion as of June 30, 2023, from $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2022.

Consumer and other loans include a variety of loans to individuals for personal, family and household purposes, including secured and unsecured installment and term loans. The risk is based on changes in the borrower’s financial condition, which could be affected by numerous factors, including divorce, job loss, illness or other personal hardship, and fluctuations in the value of the real estate or personal property securing the consumer loan, if any.

Consumer and other loans increased $9.5 million, or 17.7%, to $62.9 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, from ~~$213.1~~$53.4 million as of December 31, ~~2016, primarily due to the efforts of our bankers who attracted new clients and leveraged existing bank relationships to fund expansion and growth opportunities.~~

~~Construction and land.~~Construction and land development loans are comprised of loans to fund construction, land acquisition and land development construction. The properties securing the portfolio are located primarily throughout Louisiana and Texas and are generally diverse in terms of type.

~~Construction and land loans increased $~~27.0 million or 28.5% to $121.4 million as of September 30, 2017 from $94.4 million as of December 31, 2016, primarily due to the opportunities to fund small residential land development projects with proven developers, who are existing customers of the Bank and have demonstrated a successful track record for many years.

~~1-4 family residential.~~Our 1-4 family residential loan portfolio is comprised of loans secured primarily by single family homes, which are both owner-occupied and investor owned. Our 1-4 family residential loans have a relatively small average balance spread between many individual borrowers.

~~1-4 family residential loans increased $~~16.9 million or 13.1% to $145.9 million as of September 30, 2017 from $129.1 million as of December 31, 2016, primarily due to both the conversion of residential construction to in-house financed owner-occupied term debt and new financing of existing 1-4 family residential.

~~Nonfarm nonresidential.~~Nonfarm nonresidential loans are underwritten primarily based on projected cash flows and, secondarily, as loans secured by real estate. These loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the portfolio are located throughout Louisiana and Texas and are generally diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry.

~~Nonfarm nonresidential loans~~ increased $33.0 million or 11.1% to $331.1 million as of September 30, 2017 from $298.1 million as of December 31, 2016, primarily due to the continued penetration into our market area by our bankers who attracted new clients and leveraged existing relationships to finance growth and expansion opportunities, net of regularly scheduled principal amortization of the portfolio and loans that were refinanced by borrowers with other financial institutions.

~~Other loan categories.~~Other categories of loans included in our loan portfolio include farmland and agricultural loans made to farmers and ranchers relating to their operations, multi-family residential loans, and consumer loans. None of these categories of loans represent a significant portion of our total loan portfolio.2022.

Table of Contents

The contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with fixed and floating interest rates in each maturity range as of the date indicated are summarized in the following tables:

As of September 30, 2017

One Year
or Less

One
Through
Five Years

After Five
Years

Total

(Dollars in thousands)(Unaudited)

Commercial
$ 81,466 $ 139,835 $ 40,177 $ 261,478
Real estate:

Construction and land
48,368 55,657 17,352 121,377
Farmland
1,225 6,948 2,296 10,469
1-4 family residential
22,574 46,035 77,302 145,911
Multi-family residential
664 7,272 11,814 19,750
Nonfarm nonresidential
35,039 143,325 152,689 331,053
Consumer
11,214 27,275 9,249 47,738
Total loans held for investment
$ 200,550 $ 426,347 $ 310,879 $ 937,776
Amounts with fixed rates
$ 84,025 $ 299,439 $ 217,558 $ 601,022
Amounts with floating rates
$ 116,525 $ 126,908 $ 93,321 $ 336,754

	As of June 30, 2023
	One Year or Less		One Through Five Years		Five Through Fifteen Years		After Fifteen Years		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)

Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	238,328	$	1,135,550	$	649,450	$	108,716	$	2,132,044
Construction		311,374		327,254		66,924		13,528		719,080
Residential		75,755		387,489		149,030		63,188		675,462
Total Real Estate Loans		625,457		1,850,293		865,404		185,432		3,526,586
Commercial		529,472		535,774		243,184		792		1,309,222
Consumer and Other		32,903		25,542		4,278		206		62,929
Total loans held for investment	$	1,187,832	$	2,411,609	$	1,112,866	$	186,430	$	4,898,737

Fixed rate loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	133,531	$	967,705	$	504,331	$	14,454	$	1,620,021
Construction		99,165		208,961		35,882		6,970		350,978
Residential		47,313		339,488		92,042		13,401		492,244
Total Real Estate Loans		280,009		1,516,154		632,255		34,825		2,463,243
Commercial		139,881		316,396		162,296		-		618,573
Consumer and Other		23,591		18,443		3,314		163		45,511
Total fixed rate loans	$	443,481	$	1,850,993	$	797,865	$	34,988	$	3,127,327

Floating rate loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	104,797	$	167,845	$	145,119	$	94,262	$	512,023
Construction		212,209		118,293		31,042		6,558		368,102
Residential		28,442		48,001		56,988		49,787		183,218
Total Real Estate Loans		345,448		334,139		233,149		150,607		1,063,343
Commercial		389,591		219,378		80,888		792		690,649
Consumer and Other		9,312		7,099		964		43		17,418
Total floating rate loans	$	744,351	$	560,616	$	315,001	$	151,442	$	1,771,410

As of December 31, 2016

One Year
or Less

One
Through
Five Years

After Five
Years

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial
$ 76,596 $ 98,037 $ 38,487 $ 213,120
Real estate:

Construction and land
45,403 39,346 9,677 94,426
Farmland
779 5,973 2,465 9,217
1-4 family residential
14,509 51,557 62,986 129,052
Multi-family residential
12,335 5,268 5,134 22,737
Nonfarm nonresidential
30,371 120,082 147,604 298,057
Consumer
14,560 23,437 6,345 44,342
Total loans held for investment
$ 194,553 $ 343,700 $ 272,698 $ 810,951
Amounts with fixed rates
$ 81,929 $ 252,718 $ 176,540 $ 511,187
Amounts with floating rates
$ 112,624 $ 90,982 $ 96,158 $ 299,764

Table of Contents

	As of December 31, 2022
	One Year or Less		One Through Five Years		Five Through Fifteen Years		After Fifteen Years		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)

Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	229,679	$	1,024,273	$	645,257	$	121,197	$	2,020,406
Construction		274,027		381,218		59,813		7,016		722,074
Residential		69,444		370,483		157,849		58,602		656,378
Total Real Estate Loans		573,150		1,775,974		862,919		186,815		3,398,858
Commercial		455,809		462,414		235,333		317		1,153,873
Consumer and Other		23,391		24,823		5,021		210		53,445
Total loans held for investment	$	1,052,350	$	2,263,211	$	1,103,273	$	187,342	$	4,606,176

Fixed rate loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	124,261	$	885,532	$	508,455	$	9,339	$	1,527,587
Construction		95,358		242,554		35,137		3,674		376,723
Residential		41,512		321,796		96,648		12,341		472,297
Total Real Estate Loans		261,131		1,449,882		640,240		25,354		2,376,607
Commercial		146,321		286,908		164,383		-		597,612
Consumer and Other		15,113		19,147		3,884		164		38,308
Total fixed rate loans	$	422,565	$	1,755,937	$	808,507	$	25,518	$	3,012,527

Floating rate loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	105,418	$	138,741	$	136,802	$	111,858	$	492,819
Construction		178,669		138,664		24,676		3,342		345,351
Residential		27,932		48,687		61,201		46,261		184,081
Total Real Estate Loans		312,019		326,092		222,679		161,461		1,022,251
Commercial		309,488		175,506		70,950		317		556,261
Consumer and Other		8,278		5,676		1,137		46		15,137
Total floating rate loans	$	629,785	$	507,274	$	294,766	$	161,824	$	1,593,649

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is generally reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal ~~due.~~due, or interest may be recognized on a cash basis as long as the remaining book balance of the loan is deemed collectible. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

We have several procedures in place to assist in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our bankers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

We believe our conservative lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and the timely resolution of problem assets. We had ~~$13.7~~$19.1 million and ~~$8.5~~$12.8 million in nonperforming assets as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively. We had ~~$13.5~~$17.5 million in nonperforming loans as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, compared to ~~$7.3~~$11.4 million as of December 31, ~~2016.~~2022. The increase in nonperforming assets ~~and nonperforming loans~~ from December 31, ~~2016~~2022, to ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, is primarily due to ~~three relationships placed on nonaccrual status. Two were placed on nonaccrual status during~~ the ~~quarter ended March 31, 2017, one~~adoption of ~~which is in the energy sector~~CECL and the ~~other is in the gaming industry, and one in the oil and gas / energy sector was placed on nonaccrual during the quarter ended September 30, 2017.~~elimination of ASC 310-30 which excluded purchased impaired loans accreting interest income.

Table of Contents

The following ~~table~~stables present information regarding nonperforming ~~loans~~assets at the dates indicated:

							As of June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)			As of December 31, 2022
	As of September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)			As of December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands)			(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans	$	13,269		$	7,126		$	17,006		$	11,054
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due		194			168			468			335
Total nonperforming loans		13,463			7,294			17,474			11,389
Nonaccrual debt securities		—			—
Other nonperforming assets								29			62
Other real estate owned:
Commercial real estate, construction, land and land development		226			1,187			1,199			1,199
Residential real estate		41			—			388			173
Total other real estate owned		267			1,187			1,587			1,372
Total nonperforming assets	$	13,730		$	8,481		$	19,090		$	12,823
Restructured loans-nonaccrual	$	3,320		$	816
Restructured loans-accruing	$	1,184		$	5,115
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment		1.44	%		0.90	%		0.36	%		0.25	%
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets		1.13	%		0.77	%		0.30			0.21
Ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans held for investment								0.35			0.24

As of September 30,
2017
(Dollars in
thousands)
(Unaudited)

As of December 31,
2016
(Dollars in
thousands)

Nonaccrual loans by category:

Real estate:

Construction and land
$ 112 $ 243
1-4 family residential
2,322 2,721
Multi-family residential
— —
Nonfarm nonresidential
4,154 1,201
Commercial
6,446 2,763
Consumer
235 198
Total
$ 13,269 $ 7,126

	As of June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)		As of December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans by category:
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	3,081	$	2,644
Construction		2,423		992
Residential		7,034		4,080
Total Real Estate Loans		12,538		7,716
Commercial		4,235		3,150
Consumer and Other		233		188
Total	$	17,006	$	11,054

Potential Problem Loans

From a credit risk standpoint, we classify loans ~~in our portfolio~~ in one of four categories: pass, special mention, substandard or doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. ~~We review the ratings on credits monthly.~~ Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is believed to be inherent in each ~~credit as of each monthly reporting period.~~credit. Our methodology is structured so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk of loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk of loss).

Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit ~~worthiness~~;worthiness; however, such concerns are not so pronounced that we generally expect to experience significant loss within the short-term. ~~These~~Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits with a lower rating.

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.

Credits rated doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those rated substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Table of Contents

The following ~~table~~stables summarize our internal ratings of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated. See Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements for the presentation of loans in their credit quality categories that is in compliance with the CECL standard.

As of September 30, 2017

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)

Real estate:

Construction and land
$ 118,911 $ 1,951 $ 403 $ 112 $ 121,377
Farmland
10,469 — — — 10,469
1-4 family residential
136,338 5,387 1,864 2,322 145,911
Multi-family residential
19,709 — 41 — 19,750
Nonfarm nonresidential
318,617 4,831 3,451 4,154 331,053
Commercial
230,769 21,095 3,168 6,446 261,478
Consumer
46,693 646 164 235 47,738
Total
$ 881,506 $ 33,910 $ 9,091 $ 13,269 $ 937,776

	As of June 30, 2023
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	2,093,233	$	27,893	$	9,485	$	1,433	$	2,132,044
Construction		714,797		605		3,333		345		719,080
Residential		663,461		2,447		8,875		679		675,462
Total Real Estate Loans		3,471,491		30,945		21,693		2,457		3,526,586
Commercial		1,279,081		20,086		7,918		2,137		1,309,222
Consumer and Other		62,554		2		373		-		62,929
Total	$	4,813,126	$	51,033	$	29,984	$	4,594	$	4,898,737

As of December 31, 2016

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Real estate:

Construction and land
$ 92,951 $ 932 $ 300 $ 243 $ 94,426
Farmland
9,217 — — — 9,217
1-4 family residential
118,891 4,782 2,658 2,721 129,052
Multi-family residential
22,685 — 52 — 22,737
Nonfarm nonresidential
280,398 14,531 1,927 1,201 298,057
Commercial
186,197 16,783 7,377 2,763 213,120
Consumer
43,414 505 225 198 44,342
Total
$ 753,753 $ 37,533 $ 12,539 $ 7,126 $ 810,951

	As of December 31, 2022
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	1,972,611	$	35,054	$	10,478	$	2,263	$	2,020,406
Construction		716,071		3,496		2,157		350		722,074
Residential		643,763		3,780		7,925		910		656,378
Total Real Estate Loans		3,332,445		42,330		20,560		3,523		3,398,858
Commercial		1,137,555		6,646		6,960		2,712		1,153,873
Consumer and Other		53,041		-		404		-		53,445
Total	$	4,523,041	$	48,976	$	27,924	$	6,235	$	4,606,176

Allowance for Credit LossesL~~oan~~ L~~osses~~

We maintain an allowance for credit losses, which includes both our allowance for loan losses and reserves for unfunded commitments, that represents management’s best estimate of the ~~loan~~credit losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. In determining the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, ~~historical loan loss rates,~~ changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical ~~loan~~credit loss rates. For additional information, see Note 6.6 to the consolidated financial statements.

In connection with our review of the loan portfolio, we consider risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements we consider include:

for commercial and industrial loans, the operating results of the commercial, industrial or professional enterprise, the borrower’s business, professional and financial ability and expertise, the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category, and the value, nature and marketability of collateral;

•

for Real Estate: Commercial loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the property in excess of operating expenses compared to loan payment requirements), operating results of the owner in the case of owner-occupied properties, the loan to value ratio, the age and condition of the collateral, and the volatility of income, property value and future operating results typical for properties of that type;

for commercial mortgage loans and multifamily residential loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the property in excess of operating expenses compared to loan payment requirements), operating results of the owner in the case of owner occupied properties, the loan to value ratio, the age and condition of the collateral, and the volatility of income, property value and future operating results typical for properties of that type;

•

for Real Estate: Construction loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell developed lots or improvements constructed for resale or the ability to lease property constructed for lease, the quality and nature of contracts for presale or prelease, if any, the experience and ability of the developer, and the loan to value ratio;

for 1-4 family residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt to income ratio and employment and income stability, the loan to value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of the collateral; and

•

for Real Estate: Residential real estate loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt to income ratio and employment and income stability, the loan to value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of the collateral; and

for construction, land development and other land loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell developed lots or improvements constructed for resale or the ability to lease property constructed for lease, the quality and nature of contracts for presale or prelease, if any, the experience and ability of the developer, and the loan to value ratio.

•
for Commercial loans, the operating results of the commercial, industrial or professional enterprise, the borrower’s business, professional and financial ability and expertise, the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category, and the value, nature and marketability of collateral;

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses totaled ~~$9.2~~$45.6 million, or ~~0.99%~~0.93%, of total loans held for investment. As of December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses totaled ~~$8.2~~$38.8 million, or ~~1.01%~~0.84%, of total loans held for investment.

Table of Contents

The following ~~table presents,~~tables present, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses and other related data:

As of and
For the Nine Months
Ended
September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)

As of and For the Year
Ended December 31,
2016
(Dollars in thousands)

Average loans outstanding⁽¹⁾
$ 867,036 $ 795,625
Gross loans held for investment outstanding at end of period⁽¹⁾
$ 937,776 $ 810,951
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period
8,162 7,244
Provision for loan losses
1,907 1,220
Charge-offs:

Real estate:

Construction, land and farmland
2 484
Residential
87 162
Nonfarm non-residential
617 473
Commercial
200 667
Consumer
33 3
Total charge-offs
939 1,789
Recoveries:

Real estate:

Construction, land and farmland
1 10
Residential
18 140
Nonfarm non-residential
23 1,258
Commercial
34 33
Consumer
35 46
Total recoveries
111 1,487
Net charge-offs
828 302
Allowance for loan losses at end of period
$ 9,241 $ 8,162
Ratio of allowance to end of period loans held for investment
0.99 % 1.01 %
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans
0.10 % 0.04 %

	As of and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)			As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in thousands)
Average loans outstanding (1)	$	4,790,843		$	4,020,436
Gross loans held for investment outstanding end of period	$	4,898,737		$	4,606,176
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	38,783		$	29,936
Adoption of ASU 2016-13		5,857			-
Provision for credit losses		3,760			10,667
Charge-offs:
Real Estate:
Commercial		1,827			51
Construction		1			16
Residential		42			191
Total Real Estate		1,870			258
Commercial		373			2,139
Consumer and other		724			424
Total charge-offs		2,967			2,821
Recoveries:
Real Estate:
Commercial		16			50
Construction		-			25
Residential		7			20
Total Real Estate		23			95
Commercial		82			739
Consumer and other		102			167
Total recoveries		207			1,001
Net charge-offs		2,760			1,820
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	$	45,640		$	38,783
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to end of period loans held for investment		0.93	%		0.84	%
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans		0.06			0.05
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans		268.38			350.85

~~(1)~~

~~Excluding loans held for sale.~~

(1) Excluding loans held for sale

	As of and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)					As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022						As of and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)

	Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)		Percent of Average Loans			Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)			Percent of Average Loans			Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)			Percent of Average Loans
	(Dollars in thousands)

Real estate:
Commercial	$	1,811		0.04	%	$	1			0.00	%	$	22			0.00	%
Construction		1		0.00	%		(9	)		0.00	%		(12	)		0.00	%
Residential		35		0.00	%		171			0.00	%		-			0.00	%
Total Real Estate Loans		1,847		0.04	%		163			0.00	%		10			0.00	%
Commercial		291		0.01	%		1,400			0.04	%		1,235			0.03	%
Consumer and Other		622		0.01	%		257			0.01	%		112			0.01	%
Total net charge-offs (recoveries)	$	2,760		0.06	%	$	1,820			0.05	%	$	1,357			0.04	%

Although we believe that we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and ~~inherent~~estimated losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio. If we experience economic declines or if asset quality deteriorates, material additional provisions could be required.

Table of Contents

The following table shows the allocation of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses among loan categories and certain other information as of the dates indicated. The allocation of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses as shown in the table should neither be interpreted as an indication of future charge-offs, nor as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in these amounts or in the indicated proportions. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category.

As of September 30,
2017

As of December 31,
2016

Amount

Percent
to Total

Amount

Percent
to Total

(Dollars in
thousands)
(Unaudited)

(Dollars in
thousands)

Real estate:

Construction and land
$ 1,304 14.1 % $ 933 11.4 %
Farmland
87 0.9 % 75 0.9 %
1-4 family residential
1,540 16.7 % 1,228 15.1 %
Multi-family residential
159 1.7 % 172 2.1 %
Nonfarm nonresidential
2,647 28.6 % 2,314 28.4 %
Total real estate
5,737 62.0 % 4,722 57.9 %
Commercial
3,101 33.6 % 3,039 37.2 %
Consumer
403 4.4 % 401 4.9 %
Total allowance for loan losses
$ 9,241 100 % $ 8,162 100 %

	As of June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)					As of December 31, 2022					As of June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)
	Amount		Percent to Total			Amount		Percent to Total			Amount		Percent to Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial	$	18,448		40.4	%	$	14,922		38.5	%	$	13,073		39.6	%
Construction		10,019		22.0			5,905		15.2			5,135		15.6
Residential		5,484		12.0			5,367		13.8			5,197		15.8
Total real estate		33,951		74.4			26,194		67.5			23,405		71.0
Commercial		11,258		24.7			11,950		30.8			8,925		27.1
Consumer and Other		431		0.9			639		1.7			627		1.9
Total allowance for credit losses	$	45,640		100.0	%	$	38,783		100.0	%	$	32,957		100.0	%

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements, and meet regulatory capital requirements. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, the carrying amount of investment securities totaled ~~$186.1~~$877.8 million, a decrease of ~~$12.2~~$13.0 million, or ~~6.1%~~1.5%, compared to ~~$198.3~~$890.8 million as of December 31, ~~2016.~~2022. The decrease was primarily due to unrealized losses in the first six months of 2023. Securities represented ~~15.3%~~13.6% and ~~17.9%~~14.9% of total assets as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively.

Our investment portfolio consists entirely of securities classified as available for sale. As a result, the carrying values of our investment securities are adjusted for unrealized gain or loss, and any gain or loss is reported on an after-tax basis as a component of other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity. The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of the dates shown:

	As of September 30, 2017								As of June 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)								(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
U.S. treasury securities									$	32,731	$	-	$	2,508	$	30,223
U.S. government agencies	$	9,015	$	50	$	34	$	9,031		50,253		-		2,821		47,432
Corporate bonds		13,080		56		51		13,085		49,383		-		6,559		42,824
Mortgage-backed securities										501,470		38		57,472		444,036
Municipal securities		77,563		711		151		78,123		346,333		37		33,111		313,259
Mortgage-backed securities		86,261		9		1,051		85,219
Other securities		821		—		130		691
Total	$	186,740	$	826	$	1,417	$	186,149	$	980,170	$	75	$	102,471	$	877,774

As of December 31, 2016

Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)

U.S. government agencies
$ 7,580 $ 36 $ 50 $ 7,566
Corporate bonds
11,148 31 52 11,127
Municipal securities
80,559 210 1,133 79,636
Mortgage-backed securities
101,766 20 2,414 99,372
Other securities
820 — 179 641
Total
$ 201,873 $ 297 $ 3,828 $ 198,342

~~Table of Contents~~

	As of December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	32,783	$	-	$	2,668	$	30,115
U.S. government agencies		50,288		-		2,916		47,372
Corporate bonds		48,475		25		2,496		46,004
Mortgage-backed securities		506,671		267		55,213		451,725
Municipal securities		347,382		11		31,858		315,535
Total	$	985,599	$	303	$	95,151	$	890,751

All of our mortgage-backed securities are agency securities. We do not hold any Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac preferred stock, corporate equity, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, structured investment vehicles, private label collateralized mortgage obligations, subprime, Alt-A, or second lien elements in our investment portfolio. ~~As of September 30, 2017, the investment portfolio did not contain any securities that are directly backed by subprime or Alt-A mortgages.~~

Table of Contents

~~Management evaluates~~

We evaluate our available for sale securities ~~for other-than-temporary impairment, at least~~portfolio on a quarterly basis for potential credit-related impairment. We assess potential credit impairment by comparing the fair value of a debt security to its amortized cost basis. If the fair value of a debt security is greater than the amortized cost basis, no impairment is recognized. If the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, we review the factors to determine if the impairment is credit-related or noncredit-related. For debt securities we intend to sell or are more likely than not required to sell, before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, the difference between fair value and amortized cost is impaired and is recognized through earnings. For debt securities we do not intend to sell or are more ~~frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such~~likely than not required to sell, prior to expected recovery of amortized cost basis, the credit portion of the impairment is recognized through earnings, with a corresponding entry to an ~~evaluation.~~allowance for credit losses, and the noncredit portion is recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income.

The following ~~table~~stables set forth the fair value, maturities and approximated weighted average yield based on estimated annual income divided by the average amortized cost of the securities portfolio as of the dates indicated. The contractual maturity of a mortgage-backed security is the date at which the last underlying mortgage matures.

	As of September 30, 2017																									As of June 30, 2023
	Within One Year					After One Year but Within Five Years					After Five Years but Within Ten Years					After Ten Years					Total					Within One Year					After One Year but Within Five Years					After Five Years but Within Ten Years					After Ten Years					Total
	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Total		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Total		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)																									(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
U.S. treasury securities																										$	9,759		1.50	%	$	20,464		0.77	%	$	-		-	%	$	-		-	%	$	30,223		1.00	%
U.S. government agencies	$	1,008		0.96	%	$	1,004		1.11	%	$	7,019		2.45	%	$	—		—	%	$	9,031		2.13	%		-		-	%		47,432		1.89	%		-		-	%		-		-	%		47,432		1.89	%
Corporate bonds		—		—	%		6,551		2.61	%		6,534		4.27	%		—		—	%		13,085		3.44	%		28		-	%		667		3.46	%		42,129		4.61	%		-		-	%		42,824		4.59	%
Mortgage-backed securities																											2,529		1.19	%		50,566		1.77	%		158,305		1.96	%		232,636		2.22	%		444,036		2.07	%
Municipal securities		7,358		1.49	%		34,667		1.90	%		18,370		2.18	%		17,728		2.74	%		78,123		2.12	%		15,448		1.70	%		98,757		1.51	%		122,822		1.89	%		76,232		2.36	%		313,259		1.88	%
Mortgage-backed securities		13		0.67	%		5,692		1.64	%		34,480		1.46	%		45,034		1.81	%		85,219		1.66	%
Other securities		—		—	%		—		—	%		—		—	%		691		2.65	%		691		2.65	%
Total	$	8,379		1.43	%	$	47,914		1.95	%	$	66,403		2.04	%	$	63,453		2.08	%	$	186,149		2.00	%	$	27,764		1.58	%	$	217,886		1.59	%	$	323,256		2.28	%	$	308,868		2.26	%	$	877,774		2.08	%

	As of December 31, 2016																									As of December 31, 2022
	Within One Year					After One Year but Within Five Years					After Five Years but Within Ten Years					After Ten Years					Total					Within One Year					After One Year but Within Five Years					After Five Years but Within Ten Years					After Ten Years					Total
	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Total		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Total		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)																									(Dollars in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities																										$	-		-	%	$	30,115		1.00	%	$	-		-	%	$	-		-	%	$	30,115		1.00	%
U.S. government agencies	$	—		—	%	$	2,025		1.03	%	$	5,541		2.42	%	$	—		—	%	$	7,566		2.05	%		-		-	%		47,372		1.63	%		-		-	%		-		-	%		47,372		1.63	%
Corporate bonds		—		—	%		6,525		2.26	%		4,602		1.99	%		—		—	%		11,127		2.15	%		151		-	%		2,500		4.08	%		43,353		4.49	%		-		-	%		46,004		4.45	%
Mortgage-backed securities																											2,458		0.97	%		41,738		1.65	%		172,301		1.69	%		235,228		1.94	%		451,725		1.81	%
Municipal securities		7,348		1.78	%		35,213		1.74	%		19,806		2.26	%		17,269		2.53	%		79,636		2.04	%		15,299		1.76	%		97,064		1.44	%		120,905		1.79	%		82,267		2.13	%		315,535		1.77	%
Mortgage-backed securities		1		2.24	%		4,571		1.77	%		30,550		1.33	%		64,250		1.62	%		99,372		1.54	%
Other securities		—		—	%		—		—	%		—		—	%		641		2.34	%		641		2.34	%
Total	$	7,349		1.78	%	$	48,334		1.78	%	$	60,499		1.78	%	$	82,160		1.82	%	$	198,342		1.80	%	$	17,908		1.64	%	$	218,789		1.49	%	$	336,559		2.08	%	$	317,495		1.99	%	$	890,751		1.90	%

The contractual maturity of mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and ~~asset backed~~asset-backed securities is not a reliable indicator of their expected life because borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations at any time. ~~Mortgage-backed~~Mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are typically issued with stated principal amounts and are backed by pools of mortgage loans and other loans with varying maturities. The term of the underlying mortgages and loans may vary significantly due to the ability of a borrower to ~~pre-pay.~~prepay. Monthly ~~pay downs~~paydowns on mortgage-backed securities tend to cause the average life of the securities to be much different than the stated contractual maturity. During a period of increasing interest rates, fixed rate mortgage-backed securities do not tend to experience heavy prepayments of principal and, consequently, the average life of this security will be lengthened. If interest rates begin to fall, prepayments may increase, thereby shortening the estimated life of this security. The weighted average life of our investment portfolio was ~~4.86~~4.56 years with an estimated effective duration of ~~42.88 months~~3.80 years as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2023.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, we did not own securities of any one issuer for which aggregate adjusted cost exceeded 10% of our consolidated shareholders’ equity as of such respective dates.

~~Table~~

As of ~~Contents~~

June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company held other equity securities of $34.8 million and $37.5 million, respectively, comprised mainly of FHLB stock, small business investment companies (“SBICs”) and financial technology (“Fintech”) fund investments.

Deposits

We offer a variety of deposit accounts having a wide range of interest rates and terms including demand, savings, money market and time accounts. We rely primarily on competitive pricing policies, convenient locations and personalized service to attract and retain these deposits.

Total deposits as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, were ~~$1.0~~$5.0 billion, an increase of ~~$82.3~~$194.1 million, or 4.0%, compared to ~~$932.8 million~~$4.8 billion as of December 31, ~~2016, primarily due~~2022. Total uninsured deposits were $1.9 billion, or 38.1%, of total deposits as of June 30, 2023 compared to ~~an increase in the offering rates on interest-bearing demand accounts and certificates~~$1.5 billion, or 31.9%, of ~~deposit, in order to attract and retain deposit customers and thereby continue deposit penetration in our primary market area.~~total deposits as of December 31, 2022.

Table of Contents

Noninterest-bearing deposits as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, were ~~$268.5 million~~$1.4 billion compared to ~~$223.7 million~~$1.5 billion as of December 31, ~~2016, an increase~~2022, a decrease of ~~$44.8~~$120.0 million, or ~~20.0%~~7.7%.

Average deposits for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, were ~~$970.3 million,~~$4.8 billion, an increase of ~~$25.3~~$266.6 million, or ~~2.7%~~5.9%, over the full year average for the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2022, of ~~$945.0 million.~~$4.5 billion. The average rate paid on total interest-bearing deposits increased over this period from ~~0.71%~~0.81% for the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2022, to ~~0.83%~~2.55% for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2023. The increase in average rates was driven by the federal reserve raising rates during the ~~nine~~year ended December 31, 2022, and continuing in the six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 was primarily due to a strategic increase in deposit pricing in order to improve liquidity.~~2023. In addition, the stability ~~and the continued growth~~ of noninterest-bearing demand accounts served to reduce the cost of deposits to ~~0.62%~~1.78% for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 and 0.55%~~2023, compared to 0.54% for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~

2022.

The following table presents the ~~monthly~~daily average balances and weighted average rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated:

	For the Nine months Ended September 30, 2017					For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Average Balance		Average Rate			Average Balance		Average Rate			For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)					For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in thousands)										Average Balance		Average Rate			Average Balance		Average Rate
	(Unaudited)					(Dollars in thousands)					(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	35,308		0.58	%	$	36,200		0.19	%	$	475,307		3.31	%	$	298,845		1.31	%
Negotiable order of withdrawal (“NOW”) accounts		117,292		0.24	%		109,763		0.24	%
Negotiable order of withdrawal ("NOW") accounts												500,331		1.17	%		536,742		0.30	%
Limited access money market accounts and savings		229,056		0.48	%		241,577		0.41	%		1,413,666		2.30	%		1,483,763		0.81	%
Certificates and other time deposits > $250k		71,899		1.53	%		55,678		1.33	%
Certificates and other time deposits > $250k												383,581		3.51	%		208,661		1.03	%
Certificates and other time deposits < $250k		270,241		1.24	%		280,778		1.10	%		599,473		3.07	%		479,871		0.98	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		723,796		0.83	%		723,996		0.71	%		3,372,358		2.55	%		3,007,882		0.81	%
Noninterest-bearing demand accounts		246,516		—	%		221,047		—	%		1,442,084		-	%		1,539,938		-	%
Total deposits	$	970,312		0.62	%	$	945,043		0.55	%	$	4,814,442		1.78	%	$	4,547,820		0.54	%

The ratio of average noninterest-bearing deposits to average total deposits for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2022, was ~~25.4%~~30.0% and ~~23.4%~~33.9%, respectively.

The following table sets forth the ~~amount~~contractual maturities of certain certificates of deposit ~~that are~~ ~~greater than $250,000 by time remaining until maturity:~~at June 30, 2023:

As of
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)

As of December 31,
2016

(Dollars in thousands)

1 year or less
$ 54,799 $ 54,866
More than 1 year but less than 3 years
10,310 9,451
3 years or more but less than 5 years
16,508 9,029
5 years or more
— —
Total
$ 81,617 $ 73,346

~~Borrowings~~

We utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits in funding our lending and investment activities. In addition, we use short-term borrowings to periodically repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock and for general corporate purposes. Each of these relationships are discussed below.

	Certificates of Deposit More Than $250,000		Certificates of Deposit of $100,000 Through $250,000
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
3 months or less	$	31,809	$	141,164
More than 3 months but less than 6 months		164,042		125,340
More than 6 months but less than 12 months		179,353		123,155
12 months or more		220,043		66,924
Total	$	595,247	$	456,583

Table of Contents

~~FHLB advances~~. The FHLB allows us to borrow on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, total borrowing capacity of $336.8 million and $321.1 million, respectively, was available under this arrangement, and $65.5 million and $47.1 million, respectively, was outstanding with a weighted average stated interest rate of 2.18% as of September 30, 2017 and 2.64% as of December 31, 2016. Our current FHLB advances mature within two years. We utilize these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our portfolio.

~~As a result of the merger with AGFC,~~ we assumed the outstanding FHLB advances of American Gateway Bank. These advances were recorded at fair value as of acquisition and totaled $41.2 million, resulting in a market value adjustment of $2.0 million which will be accreted over the life of the respective advances as a reduction of interest expense on borrowings.

~~The following table presents~~ ~~our FHLB borrowings at the dates indicated.~~

FHLB
Advances

(Dollars in
Thousands)

September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)

Amount outstanding at quarter-end
$ 65,474
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end
2.18 %
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$ 65,830
Average balance outstanding during the quarter
$ 65,710
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter
1.11 %

December 31, 2016

Amount outstanding at year-end
$ 47,064
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end
2.64 %
Maximum month-end balance during the year
$ 80,973
Average balance outstanding during the year
$ 53,516
Weighted average interest rate during the year
1.05 %

~~First National Bankers Bank (~~“~~FNBB~~”) ~~long term~~ ~~advances~~. On September 12, 2016, we borrowed $3.0 million from FNBB with a maturity date of September 12, 2026. This advance is due in nine annual principal payments of $300,000 beginning on September 12, 2017 and one final principal and interest payment of $303,000 due on September 12, 2026. This advance is secured by a pledge of and security interest in the common stock of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank. The balance outstanding was $2.7 million at September 30, 2017 and $3.0 million at December 31, 2016, respectively. This advance carries a variable interest equal to the Wall Street Journal Prime rate. The rate was 4.25% and 3.75% at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and adjusts based on changes in the index rate. This FNBB long term advance was established for the purpose of paying off the revolving line of credit with First Tennessee Bank National Association.

~~The following table presents the FNBB~~ ~~long term advances at the dates indicated.~~

FNBB
Long Term Advances

(Dollars in
Thousands)

September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)

Amount outstanding at quarter-end
$ 2,700
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end
4.25 %
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$ 3,000
Average balance outstanding during the quarter
$ 2,938
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter
4.25 %

December 31, 2016

Amount outstanding at year-end
$ 3,000
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end
3.75 %
Maximum month-end balance during the year
$ 3,000
Average balance outstanding during the year
$ 910
Weighted average interest rate during the year
3.54 %

~~Table of Contents~~

~~FNBB~~ ~~revolving~~ ~~advances~~. FNBB allows us to borrow on a revolving basis up to $5.0 million. This line of credit, established on September 12, 2016, is secured by a pledge of and security interest in the common stock of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank. The balance on this line of credit was $862,000 at both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The line of credit bears a variable interest equal to the Wall Street Journal Prime rate. The rate was 4.25% and 3.75% at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and adjusts based on changes in the index rate. This FNBB line matured on September 12, 2017 and renewed on September 29, 2017 for another one year term on the same terms and will mature on September 29, 2018. This FNBB line was established for the purpose of repurchasing shares of our common stock from certain of our shareholders and for general corporate purposes.

~~The following table presents the FNBB~~ ~~short term advances at the dates indicated.~~

FNBB
Short Term Advances

(Dollars in
Thousands)

September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)

Amount outstanding at quarter-end
$ 862
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end
4.25 %
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$ 862
Average balance outstanding during the quarter
$ 862
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter
4.25 %

December 31, 2016

Amount outstanding at year-end
$ 862
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end
3.75 %
Maximum month-end balance during the year
$ 862
Average balance outstanding during the year
$ 24
Weighted average interest rate during the year
3.75 %

~~First Tennessee Bank National Association (“FTN”) advances~~. FTN allowed us to borrow on a revolving basis up to $3.0 million. This line of credit, established on September 3, 2015, was unsecured, but we agreed that we would not pledge any of the capital stock of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank, to secure any other obligation. The line of credit was established for the purpose of repurchasing shares of our common stock from certain of our shareholders and for general corporate purposes. This line of credit was paid off on September 12, 2016.

~~The following table presents the FTN advances at the dates indicated.~~

FTN
Advances

(Dollars in
Thousands)

December 31, 2016

Amount outstanding at year-end
$ —
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end
— %
Maximum month-end balance during the year
$ 3,000
Average balance outstanding during the year
$ 2,098
Weighted average interest rate during the year
3.10 %

~~Table of Contents~~

C~~orrespondent Bank~~ Federal Funds Purchased Lines of Credit Relationships

We maintain Federal Funds Purchased Lines of Credit Relationships with the following ~~financial institutions~~correspondent banks and limits as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2023:

(Dollars in
Thousands)

FNBB
$ 30,000
The Independent Banker’s Bank
$ 25,000
Compass Bank
$ 22,500
FTN
$ 17,000
ServisFirst Bank
$ 10,000
Center State Bank
$ 9,000

	Fed Funds Purchase Limits
	(Dollars in thousands)
TIB National Association	$	45,000
PNC Bank		38,000
FNBB		35,000
First Horizon Bank		17,000
ServisFirst Bank		10,000
South State Bank		9,000
Total	$	154,000

~~The following table represents combined Federal Funds Purchased for all relationships~~We had $14.1 million in outstanding balances at ~~the dates indicated~~.December 31, 2022 and no outstanding balance as of June 30, 2023.

Federal Funds
Purchased

(Dollars in
Thousands)

September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)

Amount outstanding at quarter-end
$ —
Weighted average interest rate at quarter-end
— %
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$ —
Average balance outstanding during the quarter
$ 85
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter
1.96 %

December 31, 2016

Amount outstanding at year-end
$ —
Weighted average interest rate at year-end
— %
Maximum month-end balance during the year
$ 2,385
Average balance outstanding during the year
$ 544
Weighted average interest rate during the year
1.35 %

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity involves our ability to utilize funds to support asset growth and acquisitions or reduce assets to meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations, to maintain reserve requirements and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis and manage unexpected events. For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, liquidity needs were primarily met by core deposits, security and loan maturities, and amortizing investment and loan portfolios. ~~Although access to~~In addition, we also utilize brokered deposits, purchased funds from correspondent banks, bank term funding program, and overnight advances from the ~~FHLB and our FNBB revolving line are available and have been utilized on occasion to take advantage of investment opportunities, we do not generally rely on these external funding sources.~~FHLB. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, we maintained six federal funds purchased lines of credit with ~~commercial~~correspondent banks which ~~provide~~provided for extensions of credit with an availability to borrow up to an aggregate ~~$113.5~~of $154.0 million. There was $14.1 million ~~as of September 30, 2017 and an aggregate $109.5 million as of December 31, 2016. There were no funds~~drawn under these lines of credit ~~outstanding as~~at December 31, 2022 and none drawn at June 30, 2023. We had an additional $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion of ~~September~~availability through the FHLB at June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016.~~2022, respectively.

Table of Contents

The following table illustrates, during the periods presented, the mix of our funding sources and the average assets in which those funds are invested as a percentage of average total assets for the periods indicated. Average total assets ~~totaled $1.2~~equaled $6.2 billion and $5.5 billion for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~$1.1 billion for~~ the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2022, respectively.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017			For the Years Ended December 31, 2016			For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)			For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Sources of Funds:
Source of Funds:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing		21.2	%		19.6	%		23.3	%		28.1	%
Interest-bearing		62.1	%		64.2	%		54.4			55.0
Subordinated debt (excluding trust preferred securities)								1.8			1.9
Advances from FHLB		5.6	%		4.7	%		6.6			4.9
Other borrowings		0.6	%		0.6	%		0.4			0.6
Bank Term Funding Program								3.3			-
Other liabilities		0.5	%		0.6	%		0.6			0.7
Shareholders’ equity		10.0	%		10.3	%
Shareholders' equity								9.6			8.8
Total		100	%		100	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

Uses of Funds:
Loans		73.7	%		69.9	%
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses								76.6	%		72.9	%
Securities available for sale		17.0	%		18.7	%		14.9			17.5
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		0.9	%		2.3	%		1.4			2.1
Other noninterest-earning assets		8.4	%		9.1	%		7.1			7.5
Total		100	%		100	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Average noninterest-bearing deposits to average deposits		25.4	%		23.4	%		30.0	%		33.9	%
Average loans to average deposits		89.4	%		84.2	%		99.5			88.4

Our primary source of funds is deposits, and our primary use of funds is loans. We do not expect a change in the primary source or use of our funds in the foreseeable future. Our average net loans increased ~~9.7%~~31.5% for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, compared to the same period in ~~2016.~~2022, impacted by significant growth in our Dallas/Fort Worth region. We predominantly invest excess deposits in overnight deposits with the Federal Reserve, securities, interest-bearing deposits at other banks or other short-term liquid investments until needed to fund loan growth. Our securities portfolio had a weighted average life of ~~4.86~~4.56 years and an effective duration of ~~42.88 months~~3.80 years as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2023. As of December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, our securities portfolio ~~has~~had a weighted average life of ~~4.76~~4.88 years and an effective duration of ~~44.72 months.~~4.09 years.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, we had outstanding ~~$251.5 million~~$1.3 billion in commitments to extend credit and ~~$9.6~~$45.1 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. As of December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, we had outstanding ~~$196.2 million~~$1.3 billion in commitments to extend credit and ~~$12.5~~$45.6 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. Because commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the total outstanding may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements. See “Off Balance Sheet Items” below for additional information.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022 we had cash and cash equivalents, including federal funds sold, of $354.8 million and $168.3 million, respectively. We had no exposure to future cash requirements associated with known uncertainties or capital expenditures of a material ~~nature. As of September 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $36.2 million compared to $42.2 million as of December 31, 2016.~~nature for either period.

Capital Resources

Total s~~hareholders’~~shareholders’ equity increased to ~~$120.1~~$601.0 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2023, compared to ~~$113.6~~$580.5 million as of December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, an increase of ~~$6.5~~$20.5 million, or ~~5.7%~~3.5%. This increase was primarily due to net income of $34.8 million offset with other comprehensive losses of $7.1 million resulting from the ~~result~~after-tax effect of ~~$5.7 million~~unrealized losses in ~~net income.~~our investment securities portfolio, and dividends paid on preferred stock and common stock of $8.8 million.

On ~~October 12, 2017,~~July 27, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly dividend in the amount of ~~Directors (the “Board”)~~$18.75 per preferred share to the preferred shareholders of record as of August 15, 2023. The dividend is to be paid on August 31, 2023, or as soon as practicable thereafter.

On July 27, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly dividend based upon our financial performance for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, in the amount of ~~$0.06~~$0.12 per common share to the common shareholders of record as of ~~November~~August 15, ~~2017.~~2023. The dividend is to be paid on ~~November 30, 2017,~~August 31, 2023, or as soon as practicable thereafter.

Table of Contents

The declaration and payment of dividends to our shareholders, as well as the ~~amount~~samounts thereof, are subject to the discretion of the Board and depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital levels, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board. As a ~~bank~~ holding company, our ability to pay dividends is largely dependent upon the receipt of dividends from our subsidiary, ~~Business First Bank.~~b1BANK. There can be no assurance that we will declare and pay any dividends to our shareholders.

~~Table of Contents~~

Capital management consists of providing equity to support current and future operations. Banking regulators view capital levels as important indicators of an ~~institution~~’sinstitution’s financial soundness. As a general matter, FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they hold. We are subject to regulatory capital requirements at the ~~bank~~ holding company and bank levels. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, we and ~~Business First Bank~~b1BANK were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and ~~Business First Bank~~b1BANK was classified as “well-capitalized,” for purposes of prompt corrective action regulations. As we employ our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we expect to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital standards applicable to us.

The following table presents the actual capital amounts and regulatory capital ratios for us and ~~Business First Bank~~b1BANK as of the dates indicated.

	As of September 30, 2017					As of December 31, 2016					As of June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)					As of December 31, 2022
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
	(Unaudited)										(Dollars in thousands)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Business First Bancshares, Inc.
Business First
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	120,827		10.64	%	$	115,437		11.63	%	$	727,734		12.49	%	$	704,840		12.75	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		111,586		9.83	%		107,275		10.81	%		584,116		10.03	%		557,088		10.07	%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		111,586		9.83	%		107,275		10.81	%		507,186		8.71	%		480,158		8.68	%
Tier 1 Leverage capital (to average assets)		111,586		9.47	%		107,275		9.67	%		584,116		9.35	%		557,088		9.49	%

Business First Bank
b1BANK
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	122,690		10.82	%	$	117,909		11.89	%	$	701,950		12.06	%	$	657,588		11.91	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		113,449		10.01	%		109,747		11.07	%		656,310		11.27	%		618,805		11.20	%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		113,449		10.01	%		109,747		11.07	%		656,310		11.27	%		618,805		11.20	%
Tier 1 Leverage capital (to average assets)		113,449		9.63	%		109,747		9.91	%		656,310		10.51	%		618,805		10.55	%

Preferred Stock

On September 1, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors pursuant to which we offered and sold shares of our 7.50% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, with no par value, for an aggregate purchase price of $72.0 million. The preferred stock was structured to qualify as additional Tier 1 capital under applicable regulatory capital guidelines. Holders of the preferred stock will be entitled to receive, if, when, and as declared by our Board, non-cumulative cash dividends at a rate of 7.50% for the first five years following issuance and thereafter at a variable rate equal to the then current 3-month secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), reset quarterly, plus 470 basis points. The preferred stock has a perpetual term and may not be redeemed, except under certain circumstances, under the first five years of issuance.

Long Term Debt

~~For~~ ~~information~~During the year ended December 31, 2022, as part of the acquisition of TCBI, we assumed $26.4 million in subordinated debt. As part of this debt, we recorded a fair value adjustment premium in the amount of $3.4 million, to accrete over five-to-seven years, with a remaining adjustment of $1.7 million as of June 30, 2023. We recognized $941,000 in gains on ~~our borrowings from FNBB, please refer to “Borrowings.”~~the extinguishment of debt during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

FHLB Advances

Advances from the FHLB totaled approximately $362.2 million and $410.1 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the FHLB advances were collateralized by a blanket floating lien on certain securities and loans, had a weighted average stated rate of 4.22% and 3.88%, respectively, and mature within five years. At June 30, 2023, $145.0 million in advances were short term with a rate of 5.37% to 5.50%. At December 31, 2022, $262.0 million in advances were short term with a rate of 4.55%.

Table of Contents

Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”)

On March 12, 2023, the Federal Reserve launched the BTFP, which offers loans to banks with a term of up to one year. The loans are secured by pledging the banks’ U.S. treasuries, agency securities, agency mortgage-backed securities, and any other qualifying assets. These pledged securities will be valued at par for collateral purposes. The Bank participated in the BTFP and had outstanding debt of $300.0 million at June 30, 2023.

Contractual Obligations

The following ~~table~~stables summarize contractual obligations and other commitments to make future payments as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016~~2022 (other than non-maturity deposit obligations), which consist of future cash payments associated with our contractual obligations pursuant to our FHLB advances, subordinated debt, revolving line of credit, ~~long-term borrowings,~~ and non-cancelable future operating leases. Payments related to leases are based on actual payments specified in underlying contracts. Advances from the FHLB totaled approximately ~~$65.5~~$362.2 million and ~~$47.1~~$410.1 million ~~as of September~~at June 30, ~~2017~~2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, the FHLB advances were collateralized by a blanket floating lien on certain securities and loans, had a weighted average stated rate of ~~2.18%~~4.22% and ~~2.64%~~3.88%, respectively, and ~~maturities ranging from 2017 through 2018.~~mature within five years. We participated in the BTFP in March 2023 and as of June 30, 2023, had outstanding debt of $300.0 million, at a fixed rate of 4.38% and set to mature on March 22, 2024. The ~~advance under the FNBB long-term borrowing~~subordinated debt totaled ~~$2.7~~$103.8 million and ~~$3.0~~$110.7 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively. ~~This advance was secured by a pledge of and security interest in the common stock of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank, bearing~~Of this subordinated debt, $25.0 million bears interest at a ~~variable~~fixed rate of 6.75% through December 31, 2028 and a floating rate, based on a benchmark rate plus 369 basis points, thereafter through maturity in 2033, $52.5 million of this subordinated debt bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.25% through March 31, 2026 and ~~3.75%~~a floating rate, based on a benchmark rate plus 354 basis points, thereafter through maturity in 2031, $3.9 million of this subordinated debt bears interest at ~~September~~a fixed rate of 4.75% through April 1, 2026 and a floating rate, based on a benchmark rate plus 442 basis points, thereafter through maturity in 2031. We acquired three separate notes as part of the TCBI acquisition totaling $26.4 million. Of those notes, $10.0 million bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.25% until April 11, 2023, then will reset to a floating interest rate based on a benchmark plus 350 basis points, adjusting quarterly until maturity on April 11, 2028, $7.5 million bears a fixed rate of 6.38% until December 13, 2023, then will reset to a floating interest rate based on a benchmark rate plus 350 basis points, adjusting quarterly, until maturity on December 13, 2028, $8.9 million was called on May 1, 2023 and as of such date, no longer bears interest. Of this $8.9 million note, $5.7 million was extinguished during the three months ended June 30, ~~2017~~2023. As part of valuing these three subordinated notes from TCBI, we incurred a fair value adjustment premium of $3.4 million that will accrete over five-to-seven years, with $1.7 million and $2.9 million remaining at June 30, 2023 and December 31, ~~2016, respectively, and maturing~~2022, respectively. We recognized $941,000 in 2026. We also had a line of credit with FNBB with an outstanding balance of $862,000 at both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. This line of credit was secured by a pledge of and security interest in the common stock of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank, bearing interest at a variable rate of 4.25% and 3.75% at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. This line of credit matured in September 2017 and was renewedgains on the ~~same terms for a one year term to mature on September 29, 2018.~~extinguishment of this debt during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Table of Contents

	As of September 30, 2017										As of June 30, 2023
	1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total		1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total
	(Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Non-cancelable future operating leases	$	2,204	$	3,437	$	2,198	$	5,300	$	13,139	$	1,863	$	5,915	$	3,908	$	4,112	$	15,798
Time deposits		258,473		56,329		33,763		203		348,768		916,853		288,824		44,469		21		1,250,167
Subordinated debt (including premium)												3,947		460		439		98,976		103,822
Advances from FHLB		50,474		15,000		—		—		65,474		145,000		50,875		166,287		-		362,162
Advances from FNBB		1,162		600		600		1,200		3,562
BTFP												300,000		-		-		-		300,000
Subordinated debt - trust preferred securities												-		-		-		5,000		5,000
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		2,926		—		—		—		2,926		23,230		-		-		-		23,230
Standby and commercial letters of credit		6,166		3,459		18		—		9,643		40,769		4,275		71		25		45,140
Commitments to extend credit		136,335		81,347		6,482		27,291		251,455		649,315		327,993		150,485		126,196		1,253,989
Total	$	457,740	$	160,172	$	43,061	$	33,994	$	694,967	$	2,080,977	$	678,342	$	365,659	$	234,330	$	3,359,308

	As of December 31, 2016										As of December 31, 2022
	1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total		1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
Non-cancelable future operating leases	$	1,591	$	2,781	$	1,776	$	5,154	$	11,302	$	3,725	$	5,915	$	3,908	$	4,112	$	17,660
Time deposits		239,062		77,963		20,937		250		338,212		601,980		145,606		38,971		20		786,577
Subordinated debt (including premium)												613		1,227		9,839		99,070		110,749
Advances from FHLB		32,064		15,000		—		—		47,064		262,000		875		147,225		-		410,100
Advances from FNBB		1,162		600		600		1,500		3,862
Subordinated debt - trust preferred securities												-		-		-		5,000		5,000
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		2,720		—		—		—		2,720		20,208		-		-		-		20,208
Standby and commercial letters of credit		9,439		3,081		18		—		12,538		18,706		26,468		377		-		45,551
Commitments to extend credit		100,204		72,283		3,409		20,305		196,201		654,067		342,844		200,971		147,288		1,345,170
Total	$	386,242	$	171,708	$	26,740	$	27,209	$	611,899	$	1,561,299	$	522,935	$	401,291	$	255,490	$	2,741,015

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions which, in accordance with ~~generally accepted accounting principles, or~~ GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

Our commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit and commitments to extend credit expiring by period as of the date indicated are summarized ~~below.~~in the tables above. Because commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

As of September 30, 2017

1 year or less

More than 1
year but less
than 3 years

3 years or
more but less
than 5 years

5 years
or more

Total

(Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands)

Standby and commercial letters of credit
$ 6,166 $ 3,459 $ 18 $ — $ 9,643
Commitments to extend credit
136,335 81,347 6,482 27,291 251,455
Total
$ 142,501 $ 84,806 $ 6,500 $ 27,291 $ 261,098

As of December 31, 2016

1 year or less

More than 1
year but less
than 3 years

3 years or
more but less
than 5 years

5 years
or more

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Standby and commercial letters of credit
$ 9,439 $ 3,081 $ 18 $ — $ 12,538
Commitments to extend credit
100,204 72,283 3,409 20,305 196,201
Total
$ 109,643 $ 75,364 $ 3,427 $ 20,305 $ 208,739

~~Table of Contents~~

Standby and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer, we have rights to the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and/or marketable securities. The credit risk to us in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to our customers.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Because many of the commitments are expected to expire without being fully drawn upon, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if considered necessary by us, upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Table of Contents

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset liability and funds management policy provides management with the guidelines for effective funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position. We manage our sensitivity position within our established guidelines.

Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.

We manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. WeOther than back-to-back customer interest rate swaps, we do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, interest rate swaps, financial options, financial futures contracts or forward delivery contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is ~~managed~~reviewed by the asset-liability committee of ~~Business First Bank,~~b1BANK, in accordance with policies approved by our board of directors. ~~The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk.~~ In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk which include an analysis of relationships between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and an interest rate shock simulation model.

WeWe use interest rate risk simulation models and shock analysis to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and fair value of equity, and the impact of changes in interest rates on other financial metrics. Contractual maturities and re-pricing opportunities of loans are incorporated in the model as ~~are~~ prepayment assumptions, maturity data and call options within the investment portfolio. Average lives of non-maturity deposit accounts are based on standard regulatory decay assumptions and are also incorporated into the model. Model assumptions are revised and updated as more accurate information becomes available. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

On at least a quarterly basis, we run two simulation models including a static balance sheet and dynamic growth balance sheet. These models test the impact on net interest income and fair value of equity from changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. Under the static and dynamic growth models, rates are shocked instantaneously based upon parallel and non-parallel yield curve shifts. Parallel shock scenarios assume instantaneous parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario. Non-parallel simulation involves analysis of interest income and expense under various changes in the shape of the yield curve. Internal policy regarding interest rate risk simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated net interest income at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than ~~5.0%~~5% for a 100 basis point shift, 10% for a 200 basis point shift, and 12.5% for a 300 basis point shift. Internal policy regarding interest rate simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated fair value of equity at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than ~~10.00%~~10% for a 100 basis point shift, ~~15.00%~~15% for a 200 basis point shift, and ~~25.00%~~25% for a 300 basis point shift.

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the simulated change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of the dates indicated:

	As of September 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016						As of June 30, 2023						As of December 31, 2022
Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)	Percent Change in Net Interest Income			Percent Change in Fair Value of Equity			Percent Change in Net Interest Income			Percent Change in Fair Value of Equity			Percent Change in Net Interest Income			Percent Change in Fair Value of Equity			Percent Change in Net Interest Income			Percent Change in Fair Value of Equity
+300		2.80	%		(3.98%	)		3.80	%		(9.03%	)		(4.40	%)		(4.31	%)		(8.60	%)		(5.55	%)
+200		2.00	%		(2.79%	)		3.60	%		(5.27%	)		(2.90	%)		(2.66	%)		(5.90	%)		(3.65	%)
+100		1.60	%		(0.27%	)		2.60	%		(2.73%	)		(1.50	%)		(1.04	%)		(3.50	%)		(1.94	%)
Base		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		-	%		-	%		-	%		-	%
-100		(0.40%	)		(2.23%	)		0.20	%		0.16	%		(0.40	%)		1.25	%		(0.70	%)		1.76	%
-200														(2.50	%)		2.27	%		(2.30	%)		3.38	%

The results are primarily due to the balance sheet mix and ~~the~~ behavior of demand, money market and savings deposits during such rate fluctuations. The model also assumes no management intervention. We have found that, historically, interest rates on these deposits change more slowly than changes in the discount and federal funds rates. This assumption is incorporated into the simulation model and is generally not fully reflected in a gap analysis. The assumptions incorporated into the model are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various strategies.

Impact of Inflation

Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this statement have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.

Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our a~~ccounting~~accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP, and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, we also evaluate our performance based on certain additional non-GAAP financial measures. We classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the United States in our statements of income, balance sheets or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures or both.

~~The~~This discussion and analysis section includes certain non-GAAP financial measures ~~that~~ ~~we discuss should~~(e.g., referenced as “core” or “tangible”) intended to supplement, not ~~be considered in isolation or as a~~ substitute for, ~~the most directly~~ comparable GAAP measures. These measures typically adjust income available to common shareholders for certain significant activities or ~~other financial~~transactions that in management’s opinion can distort period-to-period comparisons of Business First’s performance. Transactions that are typically excluded from non-GAAP measures ~~calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate the~~include realized and unrealized gains/losses on former bank premises and equipment, gains/losses on sales of securities, and acquisition-related expenses (including, but not limited to, legal costs, system conversion costs, severance and retention payments, etc.). The measures also typically adjust goodwill and certain intangible assets from book value and shareholders’ equity.

Management believes presentations of these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information that is essential to a proper understanding of the operating results of the Company’s core business. These non-GAAP disclosures are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP measures that may ~~differ from that of~~be presented by other ~~companies reporting measures with similar names.~~companies. You should understand how such other banking organizations calculate their financial ~~measures similar~~metrics or with names similar to the non-GAAP financial measures we have discussed in this statement when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures.

Table of Contents

Core Net Income. Core net income available to common shareholders, which excludes certain income and expenses, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was $17.7 million, or $0.70 per diluted common share, compared to core net income available to common shareholders of $14.6 million, or $0.64 per diluted common share, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Notable noncore events impacting earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2023, included $941,000 in a gain on the extinguishment of debt due to the premium associated with the debt from the TCBI acquisition in 2022, which was attributed to the $5.7 million subordinated debt redemption, compared to $708,000 in acquisition-related expenses and $270,000 in expenses attributable to storm repairs (primarily related to storms in 2021) for the same period in 2022.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, core net income available to common shareholders was $31.5 million, or $1.25 per diluted common share, compared to core net income available to common shareholders of $24.8 million, or $1.14 per diluted common share, for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Notable noncore events impacting earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2023, included $941,000 in a gain on the extinguishment of debt due to the premium associated with the debt from the TCBI acquisition in 2022, which was attributed to the $5.7 million subordinated debt redemption and $171,000 in acquisition-related expenses, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, included the incurrence of losses of $717,000 on disposals of former bank premises and equipment included in other income, $1.5 million in acquisition-related expenses and $501,000 in expenses attributable to storm repairs (primarily related to storms in 2021) for the same period in 2022.

Table of Contents

For the Three Months Ended June 30,

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)

Interest Income:

Interest income
$ 85,848 $ 54,014 $ 165,340 $ 98,136
Core interest income
85,848 54,014 165,340 98,136
Interest Expense:

Interest expense
32,522 4,452 59,265 8,099
Core interest expense
32,522 4,452 59,265 8,099
Provision for Credit Losses:

Provision for credit losses
538 2,945 3,760 4,562
Core provision expense
538 2,945 3,760 4,562
Other Income:

Other income
11,958 7,021 20,346 12,917
Losses on former bank premises and equipment
- - - 717
Losses on sale of securities
61 8 62 39
Gain on extinguishment of debt
(941 ) - (941 ) -
Core other income
11,078 7,029 19,467 13,673
Other Expense:

Other expense
39,702 36,397 78,381 70,117
Acquisition-related expenses (2)
(68 ) (708 ) (171 ) (1,519 )
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair
- (270 ) - (501 )
Core other expense
39,634 35,419 78,210 68,097
Pre-Tax Income:

Pre-tax income
25,044 17,241 44,280 28,275
Losses on former bank premises and equipment
- - - 717
Losses on sale of securities
61 8 62 39
Gain on extinguishment of debt
(941 ) - (941 ) -
Acquisition-related expenses (2)
68 708 171 1,519
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair
- 270 - 501
Core pre-tax income
24,232 18,227 43,572 31,051
Provision for Income Taxes: (1)

Provision for income taxes
5,305 3,484 9,516 5,787
Tax on losses on former bank premises and equipment
- - - 151
Tax on losses on sale of securities
13 2 13 9
Tax on gain on extinguishment of debt
(199 ) - (199 ) -
Tax on acquisition-related expenses (2)
14 126 20 174
Tax on occupancy and bank premises - storm repair
- 57 - 106
Core provision for income taxes
5,133 3,669 9,350 6,227
Preferred Dividends

Preferred dividends
1,350 - 2,700 -
Core preferred dividends
1,350 - 2,700 -
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders:

Net income available to common shareholders
18,389 13,757 32,064 22,488
Losses on former bank premises and equipment , net of tax
- - - 566
Losses on sale of securities, net of tax
48 6 49 30
Gain on extinguishment of debt, net of tax
(742 ) - (742 ) -
Acquisition-related expenses (2), net of tax
54 582 151 1,345
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair, net of tax
- 213 - 395
Core net income available to common shareholders
$ 17,749 $ 14,558 $ 31,522 $ 24,824
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share:

Diluted earnings per common share
$ 0.73 $ 0.61 $ 1.27 $ 1.03
Losses on former bank premises and equipment , net of tax
- - - 0.03
Losses on sale of securities, net of tax
- - - -
Gain on extinguishment of debt, net of tax
(0.03 ) - (0.03 ) -
Acquisition-related expenses (2), net of tax
- 0.02 0.01 0.06
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair, net of tax
- 0.01 - 0.02
Core diluted earnings per common share
$ 0.70 $ 0.64 $ 1.25 $ 1.14
(1)
Tax rates, exclusive of certain nondeductible acquisition-related expenses and goodwill, utilized were 21% for both 2023 and 2022. These rates approximate the marginal tax rates for the applicable periods.
(2)
Includes merger and conversion-related expenses and salary and employee benefits.
62
Table of Contents

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share. Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate (1) tangible common equity as shareholders’ equity less preferred stock, goodwill, and core deposit ~~intangible~~ and ~~other~~customer intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, and (2) tangible book value per common share as tangible common equity divided by shares of common stock outstanding. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible book value per common share is book value per common share.

We believe this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in changes from period to period in book value per common share exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing total book value while not increasing tangible book value.

~~Table of Contents~~

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total s~~hareholders’~~shareholders’ equity to tangible common equity and presents tangible book value per common share compared to book value per common share:

As of September 30,

As of December 31,

2017

2016

2016

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Tangible Common Equity

Total shareholders’ equity
$ 120,059 $ 117,551 $ 113,559
Adjustments:

Goodwill
(6,824 ) (6,824 ) (6,824 )
Core deposit and other intangibles
(2,072 ) (2,348 ) (2,279 )
Total tangible common equity
$ 111,163 $ 108,379 $ 104,456
Common shares outstanding⁽¹⁾
6,932,570 7,042,413 6,916,673
Book value per common share
$ 17.32 $ 16.69 $ 16.42
Tangible book value per common share
$ 16.03 $ 15.39 $ 15.10

	As of June 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)
Tangible Common Equity
Total shareholders' equity	$	600,968		$	580,481
Preferred stock		(71,930	)		(71,930	)
Total common shareholders' equity		529,038			508,551
Adjustments:
Goodwill		(88,543	)		(88,543	)
Core deposit and customer intangibles		(12,993	)		(14,042	)
Total tangible common equity	$	427,502		$	405,966
Common shares outstanding (1)		25,344,168			25,110,313
Book value per common shares (1)	$	20.87		$	20.25
Tangible book value per common shares (1)		16.87			16.17

(1)

Excludes the dilutive effect, if any, of ~~1,011,105, 1,086,105,~~237,021 and ~~1,086,105~~184,015 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options and ~~warrants~~restricted stock awards as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017, September 30, 2016,~~2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, respectively.

Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets. Tangible common equity to tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate tangible common equity, as described above, and tangible assets as total assets less goodwill, core deposit ~~intangible~~ and ~~other~~customer intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible common equity to tangible assets is total common shareholders’ equity to total assets.

~~We believe~~ this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in the relative changes from period to period in common equity and total assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing both total shareholders’ equity and assets while not increasing our tangible common equity or tangible assets.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total s~~hareholders’~~shareholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets:

	As of September 30,						As of December 31,			As of June 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
	2017			2016			2016			(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)
	(Unaudited)
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Tangible Common Equity
Total shareholders’ equity	$	120,059		$	117,551		$	113,559
Tangible Common Equity
Total shareholders' equity										$	600,968		$	580,481
Preferred stock											(71,930	)		(71,930	)
Total common shareholders' equity											529,038			508,551
Adjustments:
Goodwill		(6,824	)		(6,824	)		(6,824	)		(88,543	)		(88,543	)
Core deposit and other intangibles		(2,072	)		(2,348	)		(2,279	)
Core deposit and customer intangibles											(12,993	)		(14,042	)
Total tangible common equity	$	111,163		$	108,379		$	104,456		$	427,502		$	405,966
Tangible Assets
Total assets	$	1,213,831		$	1,106,767		$	1,105,841
Total Assets										$	6,454,649		$	5,990,460
Adjustments:
Goodwill		(6,824	)		(6,824	)		(6,824	)		(88,543	)		(88,543	)
Core deposit and other intangibles		(2,072	)		(2,348	)		(2,279	)
Core deposit and customer intangibles											(12,993	)		(14,042	)
Total tangible assets	$	1,204,935		$	1,097,595		$	1,096,738		$	6,353,113		$	5,887,875
Common Equity to Total Assets		9.9	%		10.6	%		10.3	%		8.2	%		8.5	%
Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets		9.2	%		9.9	%		9.5	%		6.7			6.9

Table of Contents

~~Item~~ 3.Item3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

~~Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk~~

Risk identification and management are essential elements for the successful management of our business. In the normal course of business, we are subject to various types of risk, including interest rate, credit, and liquidity risk. We control and monitor these risks with policies, procedures, and various levels of managerial and board oversight. Our objective is to optimize profitability while managing and controlling risk within board approved policy limits. Interest rate risk is the sensitivity of net interest income and the market value of financial instruments to the magnitude, direction, and frequency of changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk results from various repricing frequencies and the maturity structure of assets and liabilities. We use our asset liability management policy to control and manage interest rate risk. See Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Interest Rate ~~Sensitivity~~Sensibility and Market Risk” for additional discussion of interest rate risk.

Liquidity risk represents the inability to generate cash or otherwise obtain funds at reasonable rates to satisfy commitments to borrowers, as well as, the obligations to depositors. We use our asset liability management policy and contingency funding plan to control and manage liquidity risk.

Credit risk represents the possibility that a customer may not perform in accordance with contractual terms. Credit risk results from extending credit to customers, purchasing securities, and entering into certain off-balance sheet loan funding commitments. Our primary credit risk is directly related to our loan portfolio. We use our credit policy and disciplined approach to evaluate the adequacy of our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses to control and manage credit risk. Our investment policy limits the degree of the amount of credit risk that we may assume in our investment portfolio. Our principal financial market risks are liquidity risks and exposures to interest rate movements.

~~Item~~ 4.

Item4.Controls and Procedures

~~Controls and Procedures~~

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in reports that are filed or furnished under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, including to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The effectiveness of our, or any, system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing and evaluating the controls and procedures, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. As a result, we cannot assure you that our disclosure controls and procedures will detect all errors or fraud.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Table of Contents

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

~~Item~~ 1.

Item1.Legal Proceedings

~~Legal Proceedings~~

From time to time, we are a party to claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings individually, and in the aggregate, and provides for potential losses on such litigation if the amount of the loss is estimable and the loss is probable. We are not currently involved in any pending legal proceedings other than routine, nonmaterial proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business.

~~Item~~ ~~1A.~~Item1A.Risk Factors

~~Risk Factors~~

~~Risk~~In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, we refer you to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC. Other than the risk factors ~~that may affect future results were discussed~~set forth below, there have been no material changes in the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for ~~the fiscal year ended~~December 31, ~~2016~~2022.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry.

Recent bank failures involving Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank have resulted in negative market volatility, especially in the financial services sector, which could continue to negatively impact the market price of our ~~other filings~~stock in the foreseeable future. The failures have also adversely impacted customer confidence in the soundness of smaller community and regional banks. In response, customers may choose to maintain deposits with ~~the Securities~~larger financial institutions or invest their excess cash elsewhere. Significant withdrawals of deposits could stress our liquidity, funding capacity, earnings, and ~~Exchange Commission. The risks described in~~capital. These factors could also limit our ~~Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known~~access to ~~us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition~~capital markets and/or ~~operating results. Except for~~significantly increase the ~~additional risk factors set forth below, we do not believe~~pricing of such sources. In addition, these events may result in adverse changes in laws or regulations that ~~there have been any material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. of Part I in~~govern our ~~Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.~~operations.

~~The consummation~~Item2.Unregistered Sales of ~~our proposed acquisition~~Equity Securities and Use of MBI is contingent upon the satisfaction of a number of conditions, including regulatory approvals, that are outside of our control and that we may be unable to obtain or may delay the consummation of the acquisition or result in the imposition of conditions that could reduce the anticipated benefits from the proposed acquisition or cause the parties to abandon the proposed transaction.Proceeds

Before the transactions contemplated in the Reorganization Agreement with MBI can be completed, various approvals must be obtained from the bank regulatory and other governmental authorities. The relevant governmental entities must consider a variety of factors in deciding to grant regulatory clearances. These include the regulatory standing of each of the parties to the transaction, as well as the effect of the merger on competition within their relevant jurisdiction. Adverse developments in either party's regulatory standing or other factors could result in an inability to obtain one or more of the required regulatory approvals or delay their receipt.

Additionally, regulatory authorities could include, as part of their required approvals, requirements, limitations or costs, or place restrictions on the conduct of the combined company's business. These requirements or limitations could be unacceptable to the parties, or could delay the closing of the merger or diminish the anticipated benefits of the combination. There can be no assurance that regulators will not impose conditions, terms, obligations or restrictions and that these would not have the effect of delaying the completion of the merger, imposing additional material costs on or materially limiting the revenues of the combined company following the merger or otherwise reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger if the merger were consummated successfully within the expected timeframe. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that any such conditions, terms, obligations or restrictions will not result in the delay or abandonment of the merger. The completion of the merger is conditioned on the absence of certain orders, injunctions or decrees by any court or regulatory agency of competent jurisdiction that would prohibit or make illegal the completion of the merger.

In addition to the various regulatory approvals, the Reorganization Agreement is subject to a number of other conditions that must be fulfilled in order to complete the merger. Those conditions include, but are not limited to: approval of the Reorganization Agreement by MBI shareholders, absence of orders prohibiting completion of the merger, and other customary items. The conditions to the closing of the merger may not be fulfilled in a timely manner or at all, and, accordingly, the merger may not be completed. In addition, the parties can mutually decide to terminate the Reorganization Agreement at any time, before or after shareholder approval, or we or MBI may elect to terminate the Reorganization Agreement in certain other circumstances, subject to costs set forth in the Reorganization Agreement.

We may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of the proposed acquisition of MBI, or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected. We may also encounter significant difficulties in integrating MBI.

We and MBI have operated and, until the completion of the merger, will continue to operate, independently. The success of the merger, including anticipated benefits and cost savings, will depend on, among other things, our ability to combine our business with the business of MBI in a timely manner that permits growth opportunities, including, among other things, enhanced revenues and revenue synergies, an expanded market reach and operating efficiencies, and that does not materially disrupt the existing customer relationships nor result in decreased revenues due to loss of customers. If we are not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the merger may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. Failure to achieve these anticipated benefits could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management's time and energy and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. In addition, it is possible that the integration process could result in the disruption of our ongoing businesses or cause inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits of the merger.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~We expect to incur substantial transaction-related costs in connection with the acquisition.~~

We have incurred and expect to incur significant, nonrecurring costs in connection with consummating the MBI acquisition. In addition, we will incur integration costs following the completion of the merger as we integrate our business and MBI's business, including facilities and systems consolidation costs and employment-related costs. There can be no assurances that the expected benefits and efficiencies related to the integration of businesses will be realized to offset these transaction and integration costs over time. We may also incur additional costs to maintain employee morale and to retain key employees. We will also incur significant legal, financial advisor, accounting, banking and consulting fees, fees relating to regulatory filings and notices, and other costs associated with the merger. Some of these costs are payable regardless of whether the acquisition is completed.

~~Item~~ 2.(a)

~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds~~Not applicable.

~~(a)~~(b)

Not applicable.

~~(b)~~

~~Not applicable.~~

(c)

Not applicable.

Item 3.3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

~~Item~~ 4.

Item4.Mine Safety Disclosures

~~Mine Safety Disclosures~~

~~Not applicable.~~

~~Item~~ 5.

~~Other Information~~

Not applicable.

Item5.Other Information

(a)	Not applicable.

(b)	Not applicable.

(c)	During the three months ended June 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading agreement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Table of Contents

Item6.Exhibits

~~Item~~ 6.

~~Exhibits~~


Number	Description

2.1	A~~greement~~Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated October ~~5, 2017,~~20, 2021, by and ~~among~~between Business First Bancshares, Inc., ~~Minden~~and Texas Citizens Bancorp, Inc. ~~and BFB Acquisition Company~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to ~~Business First’s~~the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on October ~~12, 2017 (File No. 333-200112))~~21, 2021).

3.1	~~Amended and~~ Restated Articles of Incorporation of Business First Bancshares, ~~Inc~~.Inc., adopted ~~September 28, 2017~~October 27, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 ~~to Business First’s Current~~of the Quarterly Report on Form ~~8-K~~10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on ~~October 2, 2017 (File No. 333-200112))~~November 3, 2022).

3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Business First Bancshares, Inc., adopted ~~August~~April 23, 2017* 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on April 28, 2020).

4.1	Specimen ~~common stock certificat~~eCommon Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to ~~Business First’s~~the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on November 12, ~~2014 (File No. 333-200112))~~ 2014).

4.24.2	Form of ~~Registration Rights Agreement~~Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~4.1~~A to ~~Business First’s~~Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on ~~October 12, 2017 (File No. 333-200112))~~September 1, 2022).

10.1	~~Form of~~ ~~Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Business First’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 12, 2017 (File No. 333-200112))~~

31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.1	Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*


104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant hereby duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.

~~November~~ ~~9, 2017~~	August 3, 2023	/s/ David R. Melville, III
		David R. Melville, III
		President and Chief Executive Officer

~~November~~ ~~9, 2017~~	August 3, 2023	/s/ Gregory Robertson
		Gregory Robertson
		Chief Financial Officer

Louisiana	20-5340628
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

500Laurel Street,, Suite 101 Baton Rouge, Louisiana	~~7080~~170801
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share	BFST	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐☒

Non-accelerated filer	☐	~~(Do not check if a smaller~~Smaller reporting ~~company)~~

		~~Smaller~~ ~~reporting~~ company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☒☐

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		4

Item 1.	Financial Statements	4

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, ~~2016~~2022	34

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016~~2022	45

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016~~2022	56

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the ~~nine~~three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016~~2022	67

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2023, and ~~2016~~2022	79

	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	911

Item 2.	~~Management~~’sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3134

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	5964

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	5964

PARTII- OTHER INFORMATION		65

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	6065

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	6065

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	6165

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	6165

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	6165

Item 5.	Other Information	6165

Item 6.	Exhibits	6266

Signatures		6367

		September 30, 2017			December 31,				June 30, 2023			December 31,
		(Unaudited)			2016				(Unaudited)			2022
ASSETS	ASSETS							*ASSETS*

Cash and Due from Banks		$	36,210		$	42,173			$	180,972		$	152,740
Federal Funds Sold			2,971			2,556				173,850			15,606
Securities Available for Sale, at Fair Values			186,149			198,342
Securities Available for Sale, at Fair Values (Amortized Cost of $980,170 at June 30, 2023 and $985,599 at December 31, 2022)										877,774			890,751
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale			332			180				435			304
Loans and Lease Receivable, Net of Allowance for Loan
Losses of $9,241 at September 30, 2017 and $8,162 at December 31, 2016			928,535			802,789
Loans and Lease Receivable, Net of Allowance for Loan Losses of $42,013 at June 30, 2023 and $38,178 at December 31, 2022										4,856,724			4,567,998
Premises and Equipment, Net			8,974			9,281				63,037			63,177
Accrued Interest Receivable			3,518			3,384				26,861			25,666
Other Equity Securities			8,595			6,120				34,824			37,467
Other Real Estate Owned			267			1,187				1,587			1,372
Cash Value of Life Insurance			23,039			22,567				95,302			91,958
Deferred Taxes										31,553			31,194
Goodwill			6,824			6,824				88,543			88,543
Core Deposit Intangible			2,072			2,279
Core Deposit and Customer Intangible										12,993			14,042
Other Assets			6,345			8,159				10,194			9,642

Total Assets		$	1,213,831		$	1,105,841			$	6,454,649		$	5,990,460

LIABILITIES	LIABILITIES							*LIABILITIES*

Deposits:
Noninterest Bearing		$	268,520		$	223,705			$	1,429,376		$	1,549,381
Interest Bearing			746,574			709,090				3,585,067			3,270,964

Total Deposits			1,015,094			932,795				5,014,443			4,820,345

Federal Funds Purchased										-			14,057
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase			2,926			2,720				23,230			20,208
Short Term Borrowings			862			862				9			9
Long Term Borrowings			2,700			3,000
Bank Term Funding Program										300,000			-
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings			65,474			47,064				362,162			410,100
Subordinated Debt										103,822			110,749
Subordinated Debt - Trust Preferred Securities										5,000			5,000
Accrued Interest Payable			902			920				7,666			2,092
Other Liabilities			5,814			4,921				37,349			27,419
Total Liabilities										5,853,681			5,409,979

Total Liabilities			1,093,772			992,282
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 11)

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY							*SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY*

Preferred Stock, No Par Value; 5,000,000 Shares Authorized			-			-
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value; 50,000,000 Shares Authorized; 6,932,570 and 6,916,673 Shares Issued and Outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively			6,933			6,917
Preferred Stock, No Par Value; 5,000,000 Shares Authorized; 72,010 Shares ($1,000 Liquidation Preference) Issued at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively										71,930			71,930
Common Stock, $1 Par Value; 50,000,000 Shares Authorized; 25,344,168 and 25,110,313 Shares Issued and Outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively										25,344			25,110
Additional Paid-in Capital			85,136			85,133				395,875			393,690
Retained Earnings			28,380			23,839				189,115			163,955
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			(390	)		(2,330	)			(81,296	)		(74,204	)

Total Shareholders' Equity			120,059			113,559				600,968			580,481

Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity		$	1,213,831		$	1,105,841			$	6,454,649		$	5,990,460

	For The Three Months				For The Nine Months					For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	Ended September 30,				Ended September 30,					June 30,						June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		��	2016		2023			2022			2023			2022
Interest Income:
Interest and Fees on Loans	$	11,433	$	10,281	$	34,972		$	29,548	$	79,223		$	49,639		$	152,991		$	89,822
Interest and Dividends on Securities		953		955		2,872			2,858
Interest and Dividends on Non-taxable Securities											1,101			1,080			2,166			2,124
Interest and Dividends on Taxable Securities											3,996			3,063			7,713			5,863
Interest on Federal Funds Sold and Due From Banks		38		43		85			161		1,528			232			2,470			327
Total Interest Income		12,424		11,279		37,929			32,567		85,848			54,014			165,340			98,136

Interest Expense:
Interest on Deposits		1,665		1,376		4,514			3,800		23,680			2,557			42,608			4,820
Interest on Borrowings		226		161		632			493		8,842			1,895			16,657			3,279
Total Interest Expense		1,891		1,537		5,146			4,293		32,522			4,452			59,265			8,099

Net Interest Income		10,533		9,742		32,783			28,274		53,326			49,562			106,075			90,037

Provision for Loan Losses		247		100		1,907			920

Net Interest Income after Provision for Loan Losses		10,286		9,642		30,876			27,354

Provision for Credit Losses											538			2,945			3,760			4,562
Net Interest Income after Provision for Credit Losses											52,788			46,617			102,315			85,475
Other Income:
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		542		558		1,579			1,541		2,413			2,086			4,694			3,891
Gain on Sales of Securities		31		-		31			231
Loss on Sales of Securities											(61	)		(8	)		(62	)		(39	)
Gain on Sales of Loans											494			186			1,105			251
Other Income		668		810		2,535			2,307		9,112			4,757			14,609			8,814
Total Other Income		1,241		1,368		4,145			4,079		11,958			7,021			20,346			12,917

Other Expenses:
Salaries and Employee Benefits		5,559		5,045		15,940			14,768		22,339			21,408			45,515			41,111
Occupancy and Equipment Expense		1,139		1,272		3,498			3,396		5,112			4,914			10,113			9,327
Other Expenses		2,516		2,839		7,656			8,543		12,251			10,075			22,753			19,679
Total Other Expenses		9,214		9,156		27,094			26,707		39,702			36,397			78,381			70,117

Income Before Income Taxes		2,313		1,854		7,927			4,726		25,044			17,241			44,280			28,275

Provision for Income Taxes		631		474		2,217			1,101		5,305			3,484			9,516			5,787

Net Income	$	1,682	$	1,380	$	5,710		$	3,625		19,739			13,757			34,764			22,488

Earnings Per Share:

Preferred Stock Dividends											1,350			-			2,700			-
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders										$	18,389		$	13,757		$	32,064		$	22,488
Earnings Per Common Share:
Basic	$	0.24	$	0.20	$	0.82		$	0.52	$	0.73		$	0.61		$	1.28		$	1.03
Diluted	$	0.23	$	0.19	$	0.78		$	0.49	$	0.73		$	0.61		$	1.27		$	1.03

										Accumulated
				Additional						Other			Total
	Common			Paid-In			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'
	Stock			Capital			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity

Balances at December 31, 2015	$	7,036		$	85,913		$	20,289		$	(789	)	$	112,449

Comprehensive Income:

Net Income		-			-			3,625			-			3,625

Other Comprehensive Income		-			-			-			1,959			1,959

Cash Dividends Declared, $0.10 Per Share		-			-			(704	)		-			(704	)

Stock Based Compensation Cost		-			207			-			-			207

Reclass of Shares Issued		5			(5	)								-

Exercise of Stock Warrants		1			14			-			-			15

Balances at September 30, 2016	$	7,042		$	86,129		$	23,210		$	1,170		$	117,551

Balances at December 31, 2016	$	6,917		$	85,133		$	23,839		$	(2,330	)	$	113,559

Comprehensive Income:

Net Income		-			-			5,710			-			5,710

Other Comprehensive Income		-			-			-			1,940			1,940

Cash Dividends Declared, $0.17 Per Share		-			-			(1,178	)		-			(1,178	)

Stock Based Compensation Cost		18			43			-			-			61

Stock Repurchase		(2	)		(40	)		9			-			(33	)

Balances at September 30, 2017	$	6,933		$	85,136		$	28,380		$	(390	)	$	120,059

										Accumulated
					Additional					Other			Total
	Preferred		Common		Paid-In		Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'
	Stock		Stock		Capital		Earnings			Loss			Equity
Balances at March 31, 2022	$	-	$	22,565	$	345,858	$	128,168		$	(39,754	)	$	456,837
Comprehensive Income:
Net Income		-		-		-		13,757			-			13,757
Other Comprehensive Loss		-		-		-		-			(22,980	)		(22,980	)
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock, $0.12 Per Share		-		-		-		(2,693	)		-			(2,693	)
Stock Issuance		-		9		242		-			-			251
Stock Based Compensation Cost		-		5		282		-			-			287
Balances at June 30, 2022	$	-	$	22,579	$	346,382	$	139,232		$	(62,734	)	$	445,459

Balances at March 31, 2023	$	71,930	$	25,320	$	394,677	$	173,761		$	(67,998	)	$	597,690
Comprehensive Income:
Net Income		-		-		-		19,739			-			19,739
Other Comprehensive Loss		-		-		-		-			(13,298	)		(13,298	)
Cash Dividends Declared on Preferred Stock, $18.75 Per Share		-		-		-		(1,350	)		-			(1,350	)
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock, $0.12 Per Share		-		-		-		(3,035	)		-			(3,035	)
Stock Based Compensation Cost		-		24		1,198		-			-			1,222
Balances at June 30, 2023	$	71,930	$	25,344	$	395,875	$	189,115		$	(81,296	)	$	600,968

Purchase Price:
Shares Issued to TCBI's Shareholders on March 1, 2022		2,069,532
Closing Stock Price on February 28, 2022	$	26.19
Total Stock Issued	$	54,201
Other Consideration, Including Equity Awards		842
Total Purchase Price	$	55,043
Net Assets Acquired:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	163,460
Securities Available for Sale		370
Loans and Leases Receivable		338,027
Premises and Equipment, Net		2,776
Cash Value of Life Insurance		12,146
Core Deposit Intangible		3,875
Other Assets		14,731
Total Assets		535,385

Deposits		477,277
Borrowings		30,708
Other Liabilities		1,006
Total Liabilities		508,991
Net Assets Acquired		26,394
Goodwill Resulting from Merger	$	28,649

	June 30, 2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Treasury Securities	$	32,731	$	-	$	2,508	$	30,223
U.S. Government Agencies		50,253		-		2,821		47,432
Corporate Securities		49,383		-		6,559		42,824
Mortgage-Backed Securities		501,470		38		57,472		444,036
Municipal Securities		346,333		37		33,111		313,259
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	980,170	$	75	$	102,471	$	877,774

	June 30, 2023
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
U.S. Treasury Securities	$	-	$	-	$	30,223	$	2,508	$	30,223	$	2,508
U.S. Government Agencies		-		-		47,432		2,821		47,432		2,821
Corporate Securities		26,587		3,791		16,237		2,768		42,824		6,559
Mortgage-Backed Securities		41,314		1,597		391,178		55,875		432,492		57,472
Municipal Securities		49,608		3,201		251,202		29,910		300,810		33,111
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	117,509	$	8,589	$	736,272	$	93,882	$	853,781	$	102,471

	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
	(Dollars in thousands)				(Dollars in thousands)
Less Than One Year	$	8,369	$	8,379	$	28,306	$	27,764
One to Five Years		47,633		47,914		235,160		217,886
Over Five to Ten Years		66,678		66,403		363,195		323,256
Over Ten Years		64,060		63,453		353,509		308,868

Total Securities Available for Sale	$	186,740	$	186,149	$	980,170	$	877,774

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Construction and land	$	121,377		$	94,426
Farmland		10,469			9,217
1-4 family residential		145,911			129,052
Multi-family residential		19,750			22,737
Nonfarm nonresidential		331,053			298,057
Commercial		261,478			213,120
Consumer		47,738			44,342

Total loans held for investment		937,776			810,951

Less:
Allowance for loan losses		(9,241	)		(8,162	)

Net loans	$	928,535		$	802,789

	June 30, 2023				January 1, 2023
	Loan Balance		Specific Allocations		Loan Balance		Specific Allocations
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate Loans:
Commercial	$	1,345	$	-	$	3,008	$	1,915
Construction		2,348		553		1,424		513
Residential		1,601		-		1,558		3
Total Real Estate Loans		5,294		553		5,990		2,431
Commercial		2,911		1,760		6,096		1,779
Consumer and Other		-		-		-		-
Total	$	8,205	$	2,313	$	12,086	$	4,210

	September 30, 2017
	(Dollars in thousands)
													Recorded Investment Over 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
					Greater Than 90 Days Past Due
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due				Total Past Due				Total Loans Receivable
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due				Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	398	$	-	$	109	$	507	$	120,870	$	121,377	$	-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		10,469		10,469		-
1-4 family residential		940		146		869		1,955		143,956		145,911		138
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-		19,750		19,750		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		2,283		2,147		1,433		5,863		325,190		331,053		-
Commercial		300		169		5,842		6,311		255,167		261,478		56
Consumer		35		122		224		381		47,357		47,738		-
Total	$	3,956	$	2,584	$	8,477	$	15,017	$	922,759	$	937,776	$	194

	September 30, 2017
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Unpaid				Average
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment
With an allowance recorded:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	89	$	89	$	22	$	70
Farmland		-		-		-		-
1-4 family residential		751		830		340		815
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		679		701		111		509
Other Loans:
Commercial		562		587		408		485
Consumer		-		-		-		7
Total	$	2,081	$	2,207	$	881	$	1,886

With no allowance recorded:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	9	$	16	$	-	$	58
Farmland		-		-		-		-
1-4 family residential		2,087		2,444		-		2,222
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		5,400		5,494		-		2,686
Other Loans:
Commercial		6,642		7,893		-		5,975
Consumer		374		405		-		176
Total	$	14,512	$	16,252	$	-	$	11,117

Total Impaired Loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	98	$	105	$	22	$	128
Farmland		-		-		-		-
1-4 family residential		2,838		3,274		340		3,037
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		6,079		6,195		111		3,195
Other Loans:
Commercial		7,204		8,480		408		6,460
Consumer		374		405		-		183
Total	$	16,593	$	18,459	$	881	$	13,003

	Purchased
	Impaired Credits
	(Dollars in thousands)

Carrying amount - December 31, 2015	$	3,634
Payments received, net of discounts realized		(1,181	)
Charge-offs		(352	)
Transfer to other real estate		(325	)
Carrying amount - December 31, 2016		1,776
Payments received, net of discounts realized		(892	)
Purchased impaired credit participation interest sales proceeds, net of discount realized		511
Charge-offs		(667	)
Carrying amount - September 30, 2017	$	728

Modifications as of September 30, 2017:
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number		Outstanding		Outstanding
	of		Recorded		Recorded
	Contracts		Investment		Investment
	(Dollars in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Real Estate Loans:
1-4 family residential		3	$	870	$	582
Other Loans:
Commercial		3		5,144		3,922

Total		6	$	6,014	$	4,504

Modifications as of December 31, 2016:
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number		Outstanding		Outstanding
	of		Recorded		Recorded
	Contracts		Investment		Investment
	(Dollars in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Real Estate Loans:
1-4 family residential		3	$	870	$	608
Other Loans:
Commercial		6		6,880		5,323

Total		9	$	7,750	$	5,931

	As of September 30, 2017					As of December 31, 2016
	Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)					(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial	$	261,478		27.9	%	$	213,120		26.3	%
Real estate:
Construction and land		121,377		12.9	%		94,426		11.6	%
Farmland		10,469		1.1	%		9,217		1.1	%
1-4 family residential		145,911		15.6	%		129,052		15.9	%
Multi-family residential		19,750		2.1	%		22,737		2.8	%
Nonfarm nonresidential		331,053		35.3	%		298,057		36.8	%
Consumer		47,738		5.1	%		44,342		5.5	%
Total loans held for investment	$	937,776		100	%	$	810,951		100	%

	As of September 30, 2017
	One Year or Less		One Through Five Years		After Five Years		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)(Unaudited)
Commercial	$	81,466	$	139,835	$	40,177	$	261,478
Real estate:
Construction and land		48,368		55,657		17,352		121,377
Farmland		1,225		6,948		2,296		10,469
1-4 family residential		22,574		46,035		77,302		145,911
Multi-family residential		664		7,272		11,814		19,750
Nonfarm nonresidential		35,039		143,325		152,689		331,053
Consumer		11,214		27,275		9,249		47,738
Total loans held for investment	$	200,550	$	426,347	$	310,879	$	937,776
Amounts with fixed rates	$	84,025	$	299,439	$	217,558	$	601,022
Amounts with floating rates	$	116,525	$	126,908	$	93,321	$	336,754

	As of September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)		As of December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans by category:
Real estate:
Construction and land	$	112	$	243
1-4 family residential		2,322		2,721
Multi-family residential		—		—
Nonfarm nonresidential		4,154		1,201
Commercial		6,446		2,763
Consumer		235		198
Total	$	13,269	$	7,126

	As of and For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)			As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands)
Average loans outstanding⁽¹⁾	$	867,036		$	795,625
Gross loans held for investment outstanding at end of period⁽¹⁾	$	937,776		$	810,951
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period		8,162			7,244
Provision for loan losses		1,907			1,220
Charge-offs:
Real estate:
Construction, land and farmland		2			484
Residential		87			162
Nonfarm non-residential		617			473
Commercial		200			667
Consumer		33			3
Total charge-offs		939			1,789
Recoveries:
Real estate:
Construction, land and farmland		1			10
Residential		18			140
Nonfarm non-residential		23			1,258
Commercial		34			33
Consumer		35			46
Total recoveries		111			1,487
Net charge-offs		828			302
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	9,241		$	8,162
Ratio of allowance to end of period loans held for investment		0.99	%		1.01	%
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans		0.10	%		0.04	%

	As of September 30, 2017					As of December 31, 2016
	Amount		Percent to Total			Amount		Percent to Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)					(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
Construction and land	$	1,304		14.1	%	$	933		11.4	%
Farmland		87		0.9	%		75		0.9	%
1-4 family residential		1,540		16.7	%		1,228		15.1	%
Multi-family residential		159		1.7	%		172		2.1	%
Nonfarm nonresidential		2,647		28.6	%		2,314		28.4	%
Total real estate		5,737		62.0	%		4,722		57.9	%
Commercial		3,101		33.6	%		3,039		37.2	%
Consumer		403		4.4	%		401		4.9	%
Total allowance for loan losses	$	9,241		100	%	$	8,162		100	%

	FHLB Advances
	(Dollars in Thousands)
September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
Amount outstanding at quarter-end	$	65,474
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end		2.18	%
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter	$	65,830
Average balance outstanding during the quarter	$	65,710
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter		1.11	%

December 31, 2016
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	47,064
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end		2.64	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	80,973
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	53,516
Weighted average interest rate during the year		1.05	%

	FNBB Long Term Advances
	(Dollars in Thousands)
September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
Amount outstanding at quarter-end	$	2,700
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end		4.25	%
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter	$	3,000
Average balance outstanding during the quarter	$	2,938
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter		4.25	%

December 31, 2016
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	3,000
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end		3.75	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	3,000
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	910
Weighted average interest rate during the year		3.54	%

	FNBB Short Term Advances
	(Dollars in Thousands)
September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
Amount outstanding at quarter-end	$	862
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end		4.25	%
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter	$	862
Average balance outstanding during the quarter	$	862
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter		4.25	%

December 31, 2016
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	862
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end		3.75	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	862
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	24
Weighted average interest rate during the year		3.75	%

	FTN Advances
	(Dollars in Thousands)
December 31, 2016
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	—
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end		—	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	3,000
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	2,098
Weighted average interest rate during the year		3.10	%

	(Dollars in Thousands)
FNBB	$	30,000
The Independent Banker’s Bank	$	25,000
Compass Bank	$	22,500
FTN	$	17,000
ServisFirst Bank	$	10,000
Center State Bank	$	9,000

	Federal Funds Purchased
	(Dollars in Thousands)
September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
Amount outstanding at quarter-end	$	—
Weighted average interest rate at quarter-end		—	%
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter	$	—
Average balance outstanding during the quarter	$	85
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter		1.96	%

December 31, 2016
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	—
Weighted average interest rate at year-end		—	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	2,385
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	544
Weighted average interest rate during the year		1.35	%

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)
Interest Income:
Interest income	$	85,848		$	54,014		$	165,340		$	98,136
Core interest income		85,848			54,014			165,340			98,136
Interest Expense:
Interest expense		32,522			4,452			59,265			8,099
Core interest expense		32,522			4,452			59,265			8,099
Provision for Credit Losses:
Provision for credit losses		538			2,945			3,760			4,562
Core provision expense		538			2,945			3,760			4,562
Other Income:
Other income		11,958			7,021			20,346			12,917
Losses on former bank premises and equipment		-			-			-			717
Losses on sale of securities		61			8			62			39
Gain on extinguishment of debt		(941	)		-			(941	)		-
Core other income		11,078			7,029			19,467			13,673
Other Expense:
Other expense		39,702			36,397			78,381			70,117
Acquisition-related expenses (2)		(68	)		(708	)		(171	)		(1,519	)
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair		-			(270	)		-			(501	)
Core other expense		39,634			35,419			78,210			68,097
Pre-Tax Income:
Pre-tax income		25,044			17,241			44,280			28,275
Losses on former bank premises and equipment		-			-			-			717
Losses on sale of securities		61			8			62			39
Gain on extinguishment of debt		(941	)		-			(941	)		-
Acquisition-related expenses (2)		68			708			171			1,519
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair		-			270			-			501
Core pre-tax income		24,232			18,227			43,572			31,051
Provision for Income Taxes: (1)
Provision for income taxes		5,305			3,484			9,516			5,787
Tax on losses on former bank premises and equipment		-			-			-			151
Tax on losses on sale of securities		13			2			13			9
Tax on gain on extinguishment of debt		(199	)		-			(199	)		-
Tax on acquisition-related expenses (2)		14			126			20			174
Tax on occupancy and bank premises - storm repair		-			57			-			106
Core provision for income taxes		5,133			3,669			9,350			6,227
Preferred Dividends
Preferred dividends		1,350			-			2,700			-
Core preferred dividends		1,350			-			2,700			-
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders:
Net income available to common shareholders		18,389			13,757			32,064			22,488
Losses on former bank premises and equipment , net of tax		-			-			-			566
Losses on sale of securities, net of tax		48			6			49			30
Gain on extinguishment of debt, net of tax		(742	)		-			(742	)		-
Acquisition-related expenses (2), net of tax		54			582			151			1,345
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair, net of tax		-			213			-			395
Core net income available to common shareholders	$	17,749		$	14,558		$	31,522		$	24,824
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share:
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.73		$	0.61		$	1.27		$	1.03
Losses on former bank premises and equipment , net of tax		-			-			-			0.03
Losses on sale of securities, net of tax		-			-			-			-
Gain on extinguishment of debt, net of tax		(0.03	)		-			(0.03	)		-
Acquisition-related expenses (2), net of tax		-			0.02			0.01			0.06
Occupancy and bank premises - storm repair, net of tax		-			0.01			-			0.02
Core diluted earnings per common share	$	0.70		$	0.64		$	1.25		$	1.14

	As of September 30,						As of December 31,
	2017			2016			2016
	(Unaudited)
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Tangible Common Equity
Total shareholders’ equity	$	120,059		$	117,551		$	113,559
Adjustments:
Goodwill		(6,824	)		(6,824	)		(6,824	)
Core deposit and other intangibles		(2,072	)		(2,348	)		(2,279	)
Total tangible common equity	$	111,163		$	108,379		$	104,456
Common shares outstanding⁽¹⁾		6,932,570			7,042,413			6,916,673
Book value per common share	$	17.32		$	16.69		$	16.42
Tangible book value per common share	$	16.03		$	15.39		$	15.10