UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

~~(Mark~~(Mark One)

☑

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period endedApril 30, ~~2018~~2019

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________________ to _________________________

Commission file number 0-22823

QAD Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	77-0105228
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 Innovation Place, Santa Barbara, California 93108

(Address of principal executive offices)

(805) 566-6000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value	QADA	NASDAQ Global Select Market
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value	QADB	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ ~~No☐.~~No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files). Yes ☑ ~~No☐.~~No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☑
Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ☐

	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ ~~No☑.~~No ☑.

As of May 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~16,172,193~~16,374,484 shares of the Registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding and ~~3,263,231~~3,263,906 shares of the Registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.

QAD INC.

INDEX

			Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and January 31, ~~2018~~2019	13

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income ~~(Loss)~~ for the Three Months Ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	24

		Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2018 and 2019	5

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	36

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	47

	ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1922

	ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31

	ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	3132

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	32

	~~ITEM1A.~~ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	3233

	ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3233

	ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3233

	ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	3233

	ITEM 5.	Other Information	3233

	ITEM 6	Exhibits	3233

	SIGNATURES		3334

PART I

ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	April 30, 2018			January 31, 2018			April 30, 2019			January 31, 2019
Assets

Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	144,389		$	147,023		$	150,990		$	139,413
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,902 and $1,763 at April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, respectively		56,909			83,518
Other current assets		23,538			15,856
Short-term investments								1,200			1,200
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $2,753 and $2,901 at April 30, 2019 and January 31, 2019, respectively								49,019			81,577
Other current assets, net								22,469			22,150
Total current assets		224,836			246,397			223,678			244,340
Property and equipment, net		30,184			30,408			29,716			29,621
Lease right-of-use assets								15,149			—
Capitalized software costs, net		1,050			990			1,664			1,598
Goodwill		10,974			11,023			12,333			12,423
Deferred tax assets, net		13,057			7,944			16,059			16,172
Other assets, net		11,147			3,055			12,824			13,020
Total assets	$	291,248		$	299,817		$	311,423		$	317,174

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	471		$	466		$	487		$	487
Lease liabilities								4,633			—
Accounts payable		9,192			14,818			8,381			9,902
Deferred revenue		103,369			116,693			104,471			115,253
Other current liabilities		34,830			43,460			34,253			40,348
Total current liabilities		147,862			175,437			152,225			165,990
Long-term debt		13,194			13,313			12,712			12,836
Long-term lease liabilities								11,210			—
Other liabilities		4,883			5,439			5,004			5,101
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value. Authorized shares; none issued or outstanding
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value. Authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding								—			—
Common stock:
Class A, $0.001 par value. Authorized 71,000,000 shares; issued 16,605,215 shares at both April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018		16			16
Class B, $0.001 par value. Authorized 4,000,000 shares; issued 3,537,380 shares at both April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018		4			4
Class A, $0.001 par value. Authorized 71,000,000 shares; issued 16,605,215 shares at both April 30, 2019 and January 31, 2019								16			16
Class B, $0.001 par value. Authorized 4,000,000 shares; issued 3,537,380 shares at both April 30, 2019 and January 31, 2019								4			4
Additional paid-in capital		196,058			200,456			198,664			196,723
Treasury stock, at cost (718,323 shares and 892,700 shares at April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, respectively)		(10,035	)		(12,461	)
Treasury stock, at cost (231,946 Class A shares and 273,474 Class B shares at April 30, 2019 and 241,667 Class A shares and 273,474 Class B shares at January 31, 2019)								(7,222	)		(7,350	)
Accumulated deficit		(53,396	)		(75,559	)		(53,266	)		(48,485	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(7,338	)		(6,828	)		(7,924	)		(7,661	)
Total stockholders’ equity		125,309			105,628			130,272			133,247
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	291,248		$	299,817		$	311,423		$	317,174

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME~~(LOSS)~~

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended April 30,						Three Months Ended April 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
Revenue:
Subscription fees	$	21,511		$	15,343		$	25,306		$	21,511
License fees		6,266			5,265			4,466			6,266
Maintenance and other		31,483			31,906			29,899			31,483
Professional services		26,930			18,868			18,364			26,930
Total revenue		86,190			71,382			78,035			86,190

Costs of revenue:
Subscription fees		8,228			7,720			9,417			8,228
License fees		664			685			591			664
Maintenance and other		7,865			7,694			7,603			7,865
Professional services		24,310			18,767			19,323			24,310
Total cost of revenue		41,067			34,866			36,934			41,067

Gross profit		45,123			36,516			41,101			45,123

Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		19,946			17,587			20,891			19,946
Research and development		14,006			11,532			13,987			14,006
General and administrative		9,362			8,593			9,418			9,362
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions		-			163			67			—
Total operating expenses		43,314			37,875			44,363			43,314

Operating income (loss)		1,809			(1,359	)
Operating (loss) income								(3,262	)		1,809

Other (income) expense:
Interest income		(524	)		(168	)		(724	)		(524	)
Interest expense		157			156			153			157
Other (income) expense, net		(404	)		604
Total other (income) expense, net		(771	)		592
Other (income), net								(172	)		(404	)
Total other (income), net								(743	)		(771	)

Income (loss) before income taxes		2,580			(1,951	)
(Loss) income before income taxes								(2,519	)		2,580
Income tax expense		1,183			620			715			1,183

Net income (loss)	$	1,397		$	(2,571	)
Net (loss) income							$	(3,234	)	$	1,397

Basic net income (loss) per share
Basic net (loss) income per share
Class A	$	0.07		$	(0.14	)	$	(0.17	)	$	0.07
Class B	$	0.06		$	(0.12	)	$	(0.14	)	$	0.06
Diluted net income (loss) per share
Diluted net (loss) income per share
Class A	$	0.07		$	(0.14	)	$	(0.17	)	$	0.07
Class B	$	0.06		$	(0.12	)	$	(0.14	)	$	0.06

Net income (loss)	$	1,397		$	(2,571	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net (loss) income							$	(3,234	)	$	1,397
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(510	)		640			(263	)		(510	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	887		$	(1,931	)
Total comprehensive (loss) income							$	(3,497	)	$	887

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2018
	Number of Shares							Amount				Additional Paid-in			Treasury			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Capital			Stock			Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance, January 31, 2018		16,605		3,537		(892	)	$	16	$	4	$	200,456		$	(12,461	)	$	(75,559	)	$	(6,828	)	$	105,628
Cumulative effect of the adoption of ASC606 and ASU2016-16		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			22,125			—			22,125
Adjusted balance at February 1, 2018		16,605		3,537		(892	)	$	16	$	4	$	200,456		$	(12,461	)	$	(53,434	)	$	(6,828	)	$	127,753
Net income		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			1,397			—			1,397
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			(510	)		(510	)
Stock award exercises		—		—		167			—		—		(6,391	)		2,495			—			—			(3,896	)
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—			—		—		2,106			—			—			—			2,106
Dividends declared ($0.072 and $0.06 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)		—		—		—		— —			—		—			—			(1,359	)		—			(1,359	)
Restricted stock		—		—		7			—		—		(113	)		(69	)		—			—			(182	)
Balance, April 30, 2018		16,605		3,537		(718	)	$	16	$	4	$	196,058		$	(10,035	)	$	(53,396	)	$	(7,338	)	$	125,309

	Three Months Ended April 31, 2019
	Number of Shares							Amount				Additional Paid-in			Treasury			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Capital			Stock			Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance, January 31, 2019		16,605		3,537		(515	)	$	16	$	4	$	196,723		$	(7,350	)	$	(48,485	)	$	(7,661	)	$	133,247
Net loss		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(3,234	)		—			(3,234	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			(263	)		(263	)
Stock award exercises		—		—		3			—		—		(144	)		87			—			—			(57	)
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—			—		—		2,304			—			—			—			2,304
Dividends declared ($0.072 and $0.06 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(1,374	)		—			(1,374	)
Restricted stock		—		—		7			—		—		(219	)		41			—			—			(178	)
Adoption of ASU2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(173	)		—			(173	)
Balance, April 30, 2019		16,605		3,537		(505	)	$	16	$	4	$	198,664		$	(7,222	)	$	(53,266	)	$	(7,924	)	$	130,272

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended April 30,						Three Months Ended April 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	1,397		$	(2,571	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

Net (loss) income							$	(3,234	)	$	1,397
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,362			1,522			1,493			1,362
Amortization of deferred costs		1,004			-
Provision for doubtful accounts		270			113
Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain and fulfill contracts								1,073			1,004
Non-cash lease expense								1,456			—
Net change in valuation allowance		1,416			1,107			809			1,416
Other deferred income taxes		1,053			(1,389	)		37			1,053
Stock-based compensation expense		2,106			1,768
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		(117	)		(13	)
Provision for doubtful accounts and sales adjustments								(67	)		270
Stock compensation expense								2,304			2,106
Change in fair value of derivative instrument								91			(117	)
Other, net								64			3
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		25,543			23,250			32,033			25,543
Costs capitalized to obtain and fulfill contracts								(927	)		(765	)
Lease liabilities								(1,584	)		—
Other assets		(4,454	)		171			(1,753	)		(3,692	)
Accounts payable		(5,459	)		(3,279	)		(1,378	)		(5,459	)
Deferred revenue		(11,020	)		(7,623	)		(9,426	)		(11,020	)
Other liabilities		(9,316	)		(5,174	)		(6,796	)		(9,316	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,785			7,882			14,195			3,785
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(1,093	)		(652	)		(1,036	)		(1,093	)
Capitalized software costs		(179	)		(143	)		(264	)		(179	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,272	)		(795	)		(1,300	)		(1,272	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of debt		(117	)		(129	)		(122	)		(117	)
Tax payments, net of proceeds, related to stock awards		(4,078	)		(170	)
Tax payments related to stock awards								(235	)		(4,078	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(4,195	)		(299	)		(357	)		(4,195	)

Effect of exchange rates on cash and equivalents		(952	)		1,478			(961	)		(952	)

Net (decrease) increase in cash and equivalents		(2,634	)		8,266
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents								11,577			(2,634	)

Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		147,023			145,082			139,413			147,023

Cash and equivalents at end of period	$	144,389		$	153,348		$	150,990		$	144,389

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities
Obligations associated with dividend declaration	$	1,359		$	1,331		$	1,374		$	1,359

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	154		$	149		$	149		$	154
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	799		$	656		$	791		$	799

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. ~~BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS~~

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements fairly present the financial information contained therein. These statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The financial statements and footnotes are unaudited. In management’s opinion, all necessary adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring and non-recurring adjustments, have been included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to present fairly the financial position and operating results of QAD Inc. (“QAD” or the “Company”). The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all disclosures required by GAAP accounting principles for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Because of seasonal and other factors, results of operations for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending January 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

The Company’s accounting policies are set forth in detail in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the ~~company’s~~Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K10-K for the year ended January 31,~~2018~~ 2019 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such Annual Report also contains a discussion of the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates. The Company believes that these ~~critical~~ accounting policies and estimates affect its more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~Effective~~ ~~February 1, 2018~~ ~~the Company adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)~~ ~~No.~~~~2014~~-~~09,~~~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~ ~~(“Topic~~ ~~606”~~~~) using the modified retrospective method. The Company’s updated accounting policy on revenue recognition is described in Note~~ 2 ~~and in “Critical accounting policies” in Item~~ 2 ~~of this Form~~ 10~~-Q.~~

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. Adjustments were made to the operating activities section of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations and no effect on previously reported cash flows from operating activities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

~~With the exception of those~~Except as discussed below, there have been no recent changes in accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or adopted by the Company during the three months ended April 30, ~~2018,~~ 2019, that are of significance, or potential significance, to the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In ~~October~~February 2016, the ~~FASB~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU ~~2016~~-~~16,~~~~Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory~~,No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This pronouncement requires lessees to recognize a liability for lease obligations, which ~~removes~~represents the prohibition against the immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers other than inventory. The guidance is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after ~~December 15, 2017~~ ~~with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the ASU was issued. ASU~~ ~~2016~~-16 ~~was adopted by the Company effective~~ ~~February 1, 2018~~ ~~on a modified retrospective basis, resulting in a~~ ~~$9.6~~ ~~million decrease~~discounted obligation to ~~accumulated deficit~~make future lease payments, and a corresponding ~~increase~~right-of-use (“ROU”) asset on the balance sheet. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, along with related clarifications and improvements, as of February 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach, which allows the Company to ~~deferred tax assets.~~apply Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. Accordingly, the comparative periods and disclosures have not been restated. The cumulative effect of adoption was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance sheet in the period of adoption.

~~In August 2016,~~The Company elected the ~~FASB issued ASU 2016-15,~~ ~~Statement~~package of ~~Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification~~practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs and the lessee practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for certain assets. Additionally, the Company adopted the policy election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all asset classes.

Adoption of ~~Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~~~, that modifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified~~the new standard resulted in the ~~statement~~recording of ~~cash flows. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017~~a non-cash transitional adjustment to ROU lease assets and ~~interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier adoption permitted. ASU 2016-15 was adopted by the Company effective~~lease liabilities of approximately $13.1 million and $13.9 million, respectively, as of February 1, ~~2018 on a retrospective basis, with no material changes reflected~~2019. The difference between the ROU lease assets and lease liabilities represented existing deferred rent expense and prepaid rent that were derecognized and recorded to retained earnings in the Condensed Consolidated ~~Statement of Cash Flows.~~

In ~~May 2014,~~ ~~the FASB issued ASU~~ ~~2014~~-~~09,~~ “~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~ ~~(Topic~~ ~~606~~~~), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in~~ ~~Revenue Recognition~~ ~~(Topic~~ ~~605~~~~) and Subtopic~~ ~~985~~-~~605~~~~Software - Revenue Recognition~~~~. Topic~~ ~~605~~ ~~and Subtopic~~ ~~985~~-~~605~~ ~~are collectively referred to as “Topic~~ ~~605”~~ ~~or “prior GAAP.” Under Topic~~ ~~606,~~ revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, Topic ~~606~~ ~~requires enhanced disclosures, including disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.~~

Balance Sheets. The ~~Company adopted Topic~~ ~~606~~ ~~on the~~ ~~first~~ ~~day of fiscal~~ ~~2019~~ ~~using the modified retrospective transition method. Under this method, QAD evaluated contracts that were in effect at the beginning of fiscal~~ ~~2019~~ ~~as if those contracts had been accounted for under Topic~~ ~~606.~~ ~~The Company did~~ ~~not~~ evaluate individual modifications for those periods prior to the adoption date, but the aggregate effect of all modifications as of the adoption date and such effects are provided below. Under the modified retrospective transition method, periods prior to the adoption date were ~~not~~ ~~adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with historical, pre-Topic~~ ~~606~~ ~~accounting. A cumulative catch-up adjustment was recorded to beginning accumulated deficit to reflect the impact of all existing arrangements under Topic~~ ~~606.~~

~~The most significant impacts of the~~ adoption of ~~Topic~~ ~~606~~ ~~are as follows:~~

●

Removal of vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) under prior GAAP resulted in earlier recognition of license and services revenues in those instances where the Company sold a multi-element deal where services did not have VSOE. At adoption, QAD decreased accumulated deficit and deferred revenue by $2.0 million as this revenue would otherwise have been recognized in future periods according to prior GAAP;

●

~~Removal of the limitation on contingent revenue resulted in revenue being recognized earlier for certain contracts. At adoption, QAD decreased accumulated deficit and increased contract assets by~~ ~~$0.8~~ ~~million as this revenue would otherwise have been recognized in future periods as invoiced according to prior GAAP;~~

●

~~Contracts containing a future option to the customer represented a material right which resulted in deferral of revenue. At adoption, QAD increased accumulated deficit and deferred revenue by~~ ~~$0.3~~ ~~million as this revenue would have been otherwise earned in previous periods according to prior GAAP;~~

●

Commission expenses related to new cloud and maintenance contracts are no longer expensed as incurred; rather these incremental commission costs and other associated fringe benefits are capitalized and amortized over the associated term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be five years. As a result, QAD decreased accumulated deficit and increased other current and non-current assets by $9.1 million at the adoption date;

●

~~Sales agent fees to obtain new cloud and maintenance contracts are~~ no ~~longer be expensed as incurred; rather these costs will be capitalized and amortized over the associated term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be~~ ~~five~~ ~~years. As a result, QAD decreased accumulated deficit and increased other current and non-current assets by~~ ~~$1.0~~ ~~million at the adoption date; and~~

●

~~Cloud environment setup costs incurred to fulfill new cloud customer contracts are~~ no ~~longer expensed as incurred; rather these costs are capitalized and amortized over the associated term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be~~ ~~five~~ ~~years. As a result, QAD decreased accumulated deficit and increased other current and non-current assets by~~ ~~$1.5~~ ~~million at the adoption date.~~

~~The tax~~ASU 2016-02 did not materially impact results of ~~the above adjustments was assessed and, at adoption, QAD increased accumulated deficit and decreased net deferred tax assets by~~ ~~$1.6~~ ~~million.~~

~~Adjustments to beginning consolidated balance sheet accounts~~

The following table presents the cumulative effect adjustments, net of income tax effects, to beginning consolidated balance sheet accounts for the new accounting standards adopted by the Company on the first day of fiscal 2019:

Jan. 31, 2018

Topic 606

ASU2016-16 (1)

Feb. 1, 2018

(in thousands)

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and equivalents
$ 147,023 $ - $ - $ 147,023
Accounts receivable, net
83,518 - - 83,518
Other current assets
15,856 4,013 - 19,869
Total current assets
246,397 4,013 - 250,410
Property and equipment, net
30,408 - - 30,408
Capitalized software costs, net
990 - - 990
Goodwill
11,023 - - 11,023
Deferred tax assets, net
7,944 (1,643 ) 9,584 15,885
Other assets, net
3,055 8,421 - 11,476
Total assets
$ 299,817 $ 10,791 $ 9,584 $ 320,192

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

Current portion of long-term debt
$ 466 $ - $ - $ 466
Accounts payable
14,818 - - 14,818
Deferred revenue
116,693 (1,239 ) - 115,454
Other current liabilities
43,460 - - 43,460
Total current liabilities
175,437 (1,239 ) - 174,198
Long-term debt
13,313 - - 13,313
Other liabilities
5,439 (511 ) - 4,928
Stockholders’ equity

Common stock - Class A
16 - - 16
Common stock - Class B
4 - - 4
Additional paid-in capital
200,456 - - 200,456
Treasury stock
(12,461 ) - - (12,461 )
Accumulated deficit
(75,559 ) 12,541 9,584 (53,434 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(6,828 ) - - (6,828 )
Total stockholders’ equity
105,628 12,541 9,584 127,753
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$ 299,817 $ 10,791 $ 9,584 $ 320,192

	~~(1)~~	~~For further information about the adoption of~~ ~~Income taxes (Topic 740): Intra-entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory~~ ~~see Note 9 “Income Taxes.”~~

~~The following table summarizes the effects of adopting Topic~~ ~~606~~ ~~on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of~~ ~~April~~ ~~30,~~~~2018:~~

As reported
under Topic 606

Adjustments

Balances under
Prior GAAP

(in thousands)

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and equivalents
$ 144,389 $ - $ 144,389
Accounts receivable, net
56,909 - 56,909
Other current assets
23,538 (3,658
)
19,880
Total current assets
224,836 (3,658
)
221,178
Property and equipment, net
30,184 - 30,184
Capitalized software costs, net
1,050 - 1,050
Goodwill
10,974 - 10,974
Deferred tax assets, net
13,057 994 14,051
Other assets, net
11,147 (8,050
)
3,097
Total assets
$ 291,248 �� $ (10,714
)
$ 280,534

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

Current portion of long-term debt
$ 471 $ - $ 471
Accounts payable
9,192 - 9,192
Deferred revenue
103,369 3,384 106,753
Other current liabilities
34,830 - 34,830
Total current liabilities
147,862 3,384 151,246
Long-term debt
13,194 - 13,194
Other liabilities
4,883 1,094 5,977
Stockholders’ equity

Common stock - Class A
16 - 16
Common stock - Class B
4 - 4
Additional paid-in capital
196,058 - 196,058
Treasury stock
(10,035
)
- (10,035
)
Accumulated deficit
(53,396
)
(15,192
)
(68,588
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(7,338
)
- (7,338
)
Total stockholders’ equity
125,309 (15,192
)
110,117
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$ 291,248 $ (10,714
)
$ 280,534

~~The following table summarizes the effects of adopting Topic~~ ~~606~~ ~~on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the~~ ~~three~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~April~~ ~~30,~~~~2018:~~

As reported
under Topic 606

Adjustments

Balances under
Prior GAAP

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenue

Subscription fees
$ 21,511 $ (306
)
$ 21,205
License fees
6,266 (1,170
)
5,096
Maintenance and other
31,483 73 31,556
Professional services
26,930 (1,750
)
25,180
Total revenue
86,190 (3,153
)
83,037
Cost of revenue:

Subscription fees
8,228 10

8,238
License fees
664 - 664
Maintenance and other
7,865 - 7,865
Professional services
24,310 - 24,310
Total cost of revenue
41,067 10

41,077
Gross profit
45,123 (3,163
)
41,960
Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing
19,946 (262
)
19,684
Research and development
14,006 (59
)
13,947
General and administrative
9,362 - 9,362
Total operating expenses
43,314 (321
)
42,993
Operating income
1,809 (2,842
)
(1,033
)
Other (income) expense

Interest income
(524
)
- (524
)
Interest expense
157 - 157
Other (income) expense
(404
)
- (404
)
Total other (income) expense, net
(771
)
- (771
)
Income before income taxes
2,580 (2,842
)
(262
)
Income tax expense
1,183 (191
)
992
Net income
$ 1,397 $ (2,651
)
$ (1,254
)
Basic income per share

Class A
$ 0.07 $ (0.14 ) $ (0.07 )
Class B
$ 0.06 $ (0.12 ) $ (0.06 )
Diluted income per share

Class A
$ 0.07 $ (0.14 ) $ (0.07 )
Class B
$ 0.06 $ (0.12 ) $ (0.06 )

~~The Company’s net~~operations or cash ~~provided by operating activities for the~~ ~~three~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~April~~ ~~30,~~~~2018~~ ~~did~~ ~~not~~ ~~change due to the adoption of Topic~~ ~~606.~~ ~~The following table summarizes the effects of adopting Topic~~ ~~606~~ ~~on the financial statement line items of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the~~ ~~three~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~April~~ ~~30,~~~~2018:~~flows.

As reported
under Topic 606

Adjustments

Balances under
Prior GAAP

(in thousands)

Net income (loss)
$ 1,397 $ (2,651
)
$ (1,254
)
Amortization of deferred costs 1,004 (1,004 ) -
Net change in valuation allowance 1,416 648 2,064
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Other assets
(4,454
)
279 (4,175
)
Deferred revenue
(11,020
)
2,728 (8,292
)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In ~~February 2016,~~ January 2017, the FASB issued ASU ~~2016~~-~~02,~~~~Leases (Topic~~ ~~842~~)~~. ASU~~ ~~2016~~-02 ~~requires companies to generally recognize on the balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets. ASU~~ ~~2016~~-02 ~~is effective for the Company in its~~ ~~first~~ ~~quarter of fiscal~~ ~~2020~~ ~~on a modified retrospective basis and earlier adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU~~ ~~2016~~-02 on its consolidated financial statements and expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption of ASU ~~2016~~-~~02.~~

In ~~January 2017,~~ ~~the FASB issued ASU~~ ~~2017~~-~~04,~~2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill to eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In addition, it eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if that fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Therefore, the same impairment assessment applies to all reporting units. The amendments will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning February 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The new guidance is required to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company does not believe adoption of ASU ~~2017~~-042017-04 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

2. ~~REVENUE~~

REVENUE

QAD offers its software using the same underlying technology via two models: a traditional on-premises licensing model and a cloud-based subscription model. The on-premises model involves the sale or license of software on a perpetual basis to customers who take possession of the software and install and maintain the software on their own hardware. Under the cloud-based subscription delivery model, QAD provides access to its software on a hosted basis as a service and customers generally do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software.

The Company generates revenue through sales of licenses and maintenance provided to its on-premises customers and through subscriptions of its cloud-based software. QAD offers professional services to both its on-premises and cloud customers to assist them with the design, testing and implementation of its software.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

~~- Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;~~

~~- Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;~~

~~- Determination of the transaction price;~~

~~- Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and~~

~~- Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy~~
-
Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
-
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
-
Determination of the transaction price;
-
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
-
Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company records the amount of revenue and related costs by considering whether the entity is a principal (gross presentation) or an agent (net presentation) by evaluating the nature of its promise to the customer. Revenue is presented net of sales, value-added and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under Topic 606. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised good or service to the customer. The Company identifies and tracks the performance obligations at contract inception so that the Company can monitor and account for the performance obligations over the life of the contract.

The Company’s contracts which contain multiple performance obligations generally consist of the initial purchase of subscription or licenses and a professional services engagement. License purchases generally have multiple performance obligations as customers purchase maintenance in addition to the licenses. The Company’s single performance obligation arrangements are typically maintenance renewals, subscription renewals and services engagements.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations where the contracted price differs from the standalone selling price ("SSP") for any distinct good or service, the Company may be required to allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate for the SSP. SSP is assessed annually using a historical analysis of contracts with customers executed in the most recently completed fiscal year to determine the range of selling prices applicable to a distinct good or service.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company rarely licenses or sells its software products on a stand-alone basis, so the Company is required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not sell the license, product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. In making these judgments, the Company analyzes various factors, including its pricing methodology and consistency, size of the arrangement, length of term, customer demographics and overall market and economic conditions. Based on these results, the estimated SSP is set for each distinct product or service delivered to customers.

Subscription

Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the initial subscription period committed to by the customer commencing when the cloud environment is made available to the customer. The initial subscription period is typically 12 to 60 months. The Company generally invoices its customers in advance in quarterly or annual installments and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

Software Licenses

Transfer of control for software is considered to have occurred upon electronic delivery of the license key that provides immediate availability of the product to the customer. The Company’s typical payment terms tend to vary by region but its standard payment terms are within 30-90 days of invoice.

Maintenance

Revenue from support services and product updates, referred to as maintenance revenue, is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, which in most instances is one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to unspecified software product updates, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period on a when-and-if available basis. Product support includes Internet access to technical content, as well as Internet and telephone access to technical support personnel. The Company’s customers purchase both product support and license updates via the Company’s maintenance offering when they acquire new software licenses. In addition, a majority of customers renew their ~~support services~~maintenance contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

Professional Services

Revenue from professional services is typically comprised of implementation, development, training or other consulting services. Consulting services are generally sold on a time-and-materials or fixed fee basis and can include services ranging from software installation to data conversion and building non-complex interfaces to allow the software to operate in integrated environments. The Company recognizes revenue for time-and-materials arrangements as the services are performed. In fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized as services are performed as measured by costs incurred to date, compared to total estimated costs to complete the services project. Management applies judgment when estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete the services projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances and specification and testing requirement changes. Services are generally invoiced upon milestones in the contract or upon consumption of the hourly resources and payments are typically due 30 days after invoice.

Indirect Sales Channels

The Company executes arrangements through indirect sales channels via sales agents and distributors who are authorized to market its software products to end users. In arrangements with sales agents, QAD contracts directly with the customer and sales agents are compensated on a commission basis. Distributor arrangements are those in which the resellers are authorized to market and distribute the Company’s software products to end users in specified territories and the distributor bears the risk of collection from the end user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with distributors when the distributor submits a signed agreement and transfer of control has occurred to the distributor in accordance with the five revenue recognition steps noted above. Revenue from distributor transactions is recorded on a net basis (the amount actually received by the Company from the distributor). QAD does not offer rights of return, product rotation or price protection to any of its distributors.

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by geography and by the customers’ industry within manufacturing, as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Company’s revenue by geography is as follows:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Three Months Ended April 30,
	2018		2017		2019		2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
North America	$	40,025	$	33,370	$	37,659	$	40,025
EMEA		25,087		20,881		22,509		25,087
Asia Pacific		12,559		12,166		11,886		12,559
Latin America		8,519		4,965		5,981		8,519
Total revenue	$	86,190	$	71,382	$	78,035	$	86,190

The Company’s revenue by industry is as follows:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Three Months Ended April 30,
	2018		2017		2019		2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Automotive	$	37,062	$	26,412	$	29,072	$	37,062
Consumer products and food and beverage		13,790		11,421		11,978		13,790
High technology and industrial products		24,995		22,842		25,548		24,995
Life sciences		10,343		10,707
Life sciences and other						11,437		10,343
Total revenue	$	86,190	$	71,382	$	78,035	$	86,190

~~Significant~~Management Judgments

~~More judgments and estimates are required under Topic~~ ~~606~~ ~~than were required under Topic~~ ~~605.~~Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under Topic 606 for the Company’s arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company rarely licenses or sells products on a stand-alone basis, so the Company is required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not sell the license, product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. In making these judgments, the Company analyzes various factors, including its pricing methodology and consistency, size of the arrangement, length of term, customer demographics and overall market and economic conditions. Based on these results, the estimated SSP is set for each distinct product or service delivered to customers.

Revenue is recognized over time for the Company’s subscription, maintenance and fixed fee professional services that are separate performance obligations. For the Company’s professional services, revenue is recognized over time, generally using costs incurred or hours expended to measure progress. Judgment is required in estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization, specification variances and testing requirement changes.

If a group of agreements are entered at or near the same time and so closely related that they are, in effect, part of a single arrangement, such agreements are deemed to be combined as one arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. The Company exercises ~~significant~~ judgment to evaluate the relevant facts and circumstances in determining whether agreements should be accounted for separately or as a single arrangement. The Company’s judgments about whether a group of contracts comprise a single arrangement can affect the allocation of consideration to the distinct performance obligations, which could have an effect on results of operations for the periods involved.

If a contract includes variable consideration, the Company exercises judgment in estimating the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer. When estimating variable consideration, the Company will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. Variable consideration will be estimated and included in the contract price only when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized will not occur.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers and these timing differences result in receivables, contract assets, or contract liabilities (deferred revenue) on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. QAD records a contract asset when the Company has transferred goods or services but does not yet have the right to ~~consideration, or~~consideration. QAD records deferred revenue when the Company has received or has the right to receive consideration but has not yet transferred goods or services to the customer.

The contract assets indicated below are presented as other current and non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These assets primarily relate to professional services and subscription and consist of the Company’s rights to consideration for goods or services transferred but not billed as of April 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights to consideration become unconditional, usually upon completion of a milestone.

The Company’s contract balances are as follows:

	As of				April 30, 2019		January 31, 2019
	April 30, 2018		Feb. 1, 2018		(In thousands)
	(In thousands)
Contract assets, short-term	$	1,345	$	890
Contract assets, long-term		-		110
Contract assets, short-term (in Other current assets, net)					$	2,370	$	2,058
Contract assets, long-term (in Other assets, net)						345		-
Total contract assets	$	1,345	$	1,000	$	2,715	$	2,058
Deferred revenue, short-term	$	103,369	$	115,454	$	104,471	$	115,253
Deferred revenue, long-term		1,366		1,644
Deferred revenue, long-term (in Other liabilities)						1,713		1,465
Total deferred revenue	$	104,735	$	117,098	$	106,184	$	116,718

During the three months ended April 30,~~2018,~~ 2019, the Company recognized ~~$50.2~~$52.3 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance ~~as adjusted for Topic~~ ~~606,~~ at the beginning of the period. All other activity in deferred revenue is due to the timing of invoicing in relation to the timing of revenue recognition.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but unsatisfied performance obligations were approximately ~~$237.6~~$254.7 million as of April 30, ~~2018,~~2019, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately ~~$151.5~~$157.5 million ~~of the~~as revenue over the next 12twelve months and the remainder thereafter. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, QAD has determined that its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company’s products and services, and not to facilitate financing arrangements.

Deferred Revenue

~~QAD~~The Company typically invoices its customers for subscription and support fees in advance on a quarterly or annual basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription or support term. Unpaid invoice amounts for non-cancelable services starting in future periods are included in accounts receivable and deferred revenue. The portion of deferred revenue that QAD anticipates will be recognized after the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as non-current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as current deferred revenue.

Deferred revenues consisted of the following:

	As of
	April 30, 2018		January 31, 2018		April 30, 2019		January 31, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Deferred maintenance	$	72,141	$	80,811	$	68,416	$	77,037
Deferred subscription		28,483		31,034		33,227		34,020
Deferred professional services		2,297		3,523		2,020		2,146
Deferred license		21		756		45		1,713
Deferred other revenue		427		569		763		337
Deferred revenues, current		103,369		116,693		104,471		115,253
Deferred revenues, non-current (in Other liabilities)		1,366		2,156		1,713		1,465
Total deferred revenues	$	104,735	$	118,849	$	106,184	$	116,718

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

There are several practical expedients and exemptions allowed under Topic 606 that impact timing of revenue recognition and the Company’s disclosures. Below is a list of the practical expedients applied by the ~~Company applied in the adoption and application of Topic 606:~~

~~Application~~Company:

●

The Company does not evaluate a contract for a significant financing component if payment is expected within one year or less from the transfer of the promised items to the customer.

●

The Company generally expenses sales commissions and sales agent fees when incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Income~~ (Loss). Income.

	●
	●	The Company also used the practical expedient to calculate contract acquisition costs based on a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics instead of a contract by contract analysis.

●

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed ~~(apply~~(applies to time-and-material engagements).

~~Modified Retrospective Transition Adjustments~~

●

For contract modifications, the Company reflected the aggregate effect of all modifications that occurred prior to the adoption date when identifying the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations for the modified contract at transition.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

The Company’s incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract consist of sales commissions and sales agent fees which are deferred and amortized ratably over the term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be five years. These deferred costs are classified as current or non-current based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the expense. Incremental costs related to renewals are expensed as incurred because the term of economic benefit is one year or less. The current and non-current portions of deferred commissions are included in other current assets and other long-term assets, respectively, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At April 30,~~2018~~ 2019 and January 31,~~2018,~~ 2019, the Company had ~~$10.7~~$10.9 million and ~~$10.1~~$11.0 million, respectively, of deferred commissions and sales agent fees. For each of the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018,~~$0.9~~ $0.9 million of amortization expense related to deferred commissions and sales agent fees was recorded in sales and marketing expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Income~~ (Loss). Income.

Costs to fulfill a contract, which are incurred upon initiation of certain services contracts and are related to initial customer setup, are included in other current assets and long-term assets in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. ~~The amount~~At April 30, 2019 and January 31, 2019 the Company had deferred setup costs of ~~such cost at~~ ~~April~~ ~~30,~~~~2018~~$1.4 million and ~~January~~ ~~31,~~~~2018~~ ~~was~~ ~~$1.5~~ ~~million.~~$1.5 million, respectively. These costs are amortized over the term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be five years. During the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018,~~$0.1~~ $0.1 million of amortization expense related to deferred setup costs was recorded in cost of subscription in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Income~~ (Loss). Income.

Recoverability of these costs is subject to various business risks. Quarterly, the Company compares the carrying value of these assets with the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by them to determine if there is impairment. If impaired, these assets are reduced to an estimated fair value on a discounted cash flow basis. No impairment losses were recognized during the three months ended April 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

3~~. COMPUTATION OF NET INCOME~~ ~~(LOSS)~~ ~~PER SHARE~~
3.
COMPUTATION OF NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income ~~(loss)~~ per share:

Three Months Ended
April 30,

2018

2017

(in thousands except per share data)

Net income (loss)
$ 1,397 $ (2,571
)
Less: Dividends declared
(1,359
)
(1,331
)
Undistributed net income (loss)
$ 38 $ (3,902
)

Net income (loss) per share – Class A Common Stock

Dividends declared
$ 1,164 $ 1,138
Allocation of undistributed net income (loss)
32 (3,337
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A common stock
$ 1,196 $ (2,199
)

Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding—basic
16,076 15,809
Weighted average potential shares of Class A common stock
1,750 —
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock and potential common shares outstanding—diluted
17,826 15,809

Basic net income (loss) per Class A common share
$ 0.07 $ (0.14
)
Diluted net income (loss) per Class A common share
$ 0.07 $ (0.14
)

Net income (loss) per share – Class B Common Stock

Dividends declared
$ 195 $ 193
Allocation of undistributed net income (loss)
6 (565
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class B common stock
$ 201 $ (372
)

Weighted average shares of Class B common stock outstanding—basic
3,232 3,210
Weighted average potential shares of Class B common stock
182 —
Weighted average shares of Class B common stock and potential common shares outstanding—diluted
3,414 3,210

Basic net income (loss) per Class B common share
$ 0.06 $ (0.12
)
Diluted net income (loss) per Class B common share
$ 0.06 $ (0.12
)

	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2019			2018
	(in thousands except per share data)
Net (loss) income	$	(3,234	)	$	1,397
Less: Dividends declared		(1,374	)		(1,359	)
Undistributed net (loss) income	$	(4,608	)	$	38

Net (loss) income per share – Class A Common Stock
Dividends declared	$	1,178		$	1,164
Allocation of undistributed net (loss) income		(3,952	)		32
Net (loss) income attributable to Class A common stock	$	(2,774	)	$	1,196

Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding—basic		16,367			16,076
Weighted average potential shares of Class A common stock		—			1,750
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock and potential common shares outstanding—diluted		16,367			17,826

Basic net (loss) income per Class A common share	$	(0.17	)	$	0.07
Diluted net (loss) income per Class A common share	$	(0.17	)	$	0.07

Net (loss) income per share – Class B Common Stock
Dividends declared	$	196		$	195
Allocation of undistributed net (loss) income		(656	)		6
Net (loss) income attributable to Class B common stock	$	(460	)	$	201

Weighted average shares of Class B common stock outstanding—basic		3,264			3,232
Weighted average potential shares of Class B common stock		—			182
Weighted average shares of Class B common stock and potential common shares outstanding—diluted		3,264			3,414

Basic net (loss) income per Class B common share	$	(0.14	)	$	0.06
Diluted net (loss) income per Class B common share	$	(0.14	)	$	0.06

Potential common shares consist of the shares issuable upon the release of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and the exercise of stock options and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”). The Company’s unvested RSUs and unexercised SARs are not considered participating securities as they do not have rights to dividends or dividend equivalents prior to release or exercise.

The following table sets forth the number of potential common shares not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effects were anti-dilutive:

Three Months Ended

April 30,

Three Months Ended

April 30,

2018

2017

2019

2018

(in thousands)

Class A

—

3,036

2,899

—

Class B

—

389

278

—

4~~. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS~~
4.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

When determining fair value, the Company uses a ~~three~~~~-tier~~three-tier value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. Whenever possible, the Company uses observable market data. The Company relies on unobservable inputs only when observable market data is not available. Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular item to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, including the consideration of inputs specific to the asset or liability.

• Level 1 - Money market mutual funds and short-term investments are recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices.

~~The following table sets forth the financial assets and liabilities, measured at fair value, as of~~ ~~April 30, 2018~~ ~~and~~ ~~January 31, 2018:~~

Fair value measurement at reporting date using

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

(in thousands)

Money market mutual funds as of April 30, 2018 ^(a)
$ 108,892
Money market mutual funds as of January 31, 2018 ^(a)
$ 115,416
Asset related to the interest rate swap as of April 30, 2018^(b)
$ 304
Asset related to the interest rate swap as of January 31, 2018 ^(b)
$ 187

~~___________________________~~

~~(a) Money market mutual funds are recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices.~~

~~(b)~~
• Level 2 - The asset or liability related to the interest rate swap is recorded at fair value based upon a valuation model that uses relevant observable market inputs at quoted intervals, such as forward yield curves.

The following table sets forth the financial assets, measured at fair value, as of April 30, 2019 and January 31, 2019:

	Fair value measurement at reporting date using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Money market mutual funds as of April 30, 2019	$	119,247
Money market mutual funds as of January 31, 2019	$	107,855
Short-term investments as of April 30, 2019	$	1,200
Short-term investments as of January 31, 2019	$	1,200
Asset related to the interest rate swap as of April 30, 2019			$	45
Asset related to the interest rate swap as of January 31, 2019			$	136

Money market mutual funds are classified as part of ~~cash~~“Cash and ~~equivalents~~equivalents” in the accompanying ~~Condensed~~ Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of cash and equivalents deposited with commercial banks was ~~$35.0~~$31.7 million and ~~$32.0~~$31.6 million ~~as of~~ at April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 and January 31, ~~2018,~~ 2019, respectively.

The Company’s note payable bears a variable market interest rate commensurate with the Company’s credit standing. Therefore, the carrying amount outstanding under the note payable reasonably approximates fair value based on Level 2 inputs.

There have been no transfers between fair value measurements levels during the three months ended April 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Derivative Instruments

The Company entered into an interest rate swap in May 2012 to mitigate the exposure to the variability of one month LIBOR for its floating rate debt described in Note 7 “Debt” within these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of the interest rate swap is reflected as an asset or liability in the ~~Condensed~~ Consolidated Balance Sheets and the change in fair value is reported in “Other (income) ~~expense”~~expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Income~~ (Loss). Income. The fair value of the interest rate swap is estimated as the net present value of projected cash flows based upon forward interest rates at the balance sheet date.

The fair values of the derivative instrument at April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 and January 31, ~~2018~~ 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

Asset

Fair Value

Balance Sheet

Location

April 30,

2018

January 31,

2018

Balance Sheet
Location

April 30,
2019

January 31,
2019

Derivative instrument:

Interest rate swap

Other assets, net

304

187

Other assets, net

136

Total

304

187

136

The change in fair value of the interest rate swap recognized in the Condensed Consolidated ~~Statements~~Statement of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income ~~(Loss)~~ for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018 was $(91,000) and ~~2017~~ ~~was~~ ~~$117,000~~ ~~and~~ ~~$13,000,~~$117,000, respectively.

5~~. CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE COSTS~~
5.
CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE COSTS

Capitalized software costs and accumulated amortization at April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 and January 31, ~~2018~~ 2019 were as follows:

April 30,
2018

January 31,
2018

(in thousands)

Capitalized software development costs
$ 1,480 $ 1,516
Less accumulated amortization
(430
)
(526
)
Capitalized software costs, net
$ 1,050 $ 990

	April 30, 2019			January 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Capitalized software costs:
Capitalized software development costs	$	2,486		$	2,314
Acquired software technology		135			135
		2,621			2,449
Less accumulated amortization		(957	)		(851	)
Capitalized software costs, net	$	1,664		$	1,598

The Company’s capitalized software development costs relate to translations and localizations of QAD ~~Enterprise~~Adaptive Applications. Acquired software technology costs relate to acquired technology purchased during the second quarter fiscal 2019.

It is the Company’s policy to write off capitalized software development costs once fully amortized. Accordingly, during the firstthree months of fiscal ~~2019,~~~~$0.2~~2020, approximately $0.1 million of costs and accumulated amortization were removed from the balance sheet.

Amortization of capitalized software costs was ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million and ~~$0.2~~$0.1 million for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Amortization of capitalized software costs is included in ~~cost~~“Cost of ~~license~~license” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Income~~ (Loss). Income.

The following table summarizes the estimated ~~future~~ amortization expense relating to the Company’s capitalized software costs as of April 30, ~~2018:~~2019:

Fiscal Years	(in thousands)		(in thousands)
2019 remaining	$	360
2020		433
2020 remaining			$	627
2021		249		660
2022		8		317
2023				47
Thereafter				13
	$	1,050	$	1,664

6.	GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

6~~. GOODWILL~~

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 were as follows:

Gross Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Impairment

Goodwill, Net

(in thousands)

Balance at January 31, 2018
$ 26,631 $ (15,608
)
$ 11,023
Impact of foreign currency translation
(49 ) — (49 )
Balance at April 30, 2018
$ 26,582 $ (15,608
)
$ 10,974

	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment			Goodwill, Net
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 31, 2019	$	28,031		$	(15,608	)	$	12,423
Impact of foreign currency translation		(90	)		-			(90	)
Balance at April 30, 2019	$	27,941		$	(15,608	)	$	12,333

The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment review during the fourth quarter of fiscal ~~2018.~~2019. The analysis compared the Company’s market capitalization to its net assets as of the test date, November 30, ~~2017.~~ 2018. As the market capitalization significantly exceeded the Company’s net assets, there was no indication of goodwill impairment for fiscal ~~2018.~~2019. The Company monitors the indicators for goodwill impairment testing between annual tests. No adverse events occurred during the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 that would cause the Company to test goodwill for impairment.

Intangible Assets

	April 30, 2019			January 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	1,335		$	1,348
Less accumulated amortization		(181	)		(115	)
Amortizable intangible assets, net	$	1,154		$	1,233

The Company’s intangible assets as of April 30, 2019 are related to the acquisitions completed in the second and third quarters of fiscal 2019. Intangible assets are included in “Other assets, net” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and are amortized over an estimated 5 year useful life.

The following table summarizes the estimated amortization expense relating to the Company’s intangible assets as of April 30, 2019:

Fiscal Years	(in thousands)
2020 remaining	$	200
2021		267
2022		267
2023		267
Thereafter		153
	$	1,154

7~~. DEBT~~
7.
DEBT

	April 30, 2018			January 31, 2018			April 30, 2019			January 31, 2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Note payable	$	13,708		$	13,825		$	13,231		$	13,358
Less current maturities		(471	)		(466	)		(487	)		(487	)
Less loan origination costs, net		(43	)		(46	)		(32	)		(35	)
Long-term debt	$	13,194		$	13,313		$	12,712		$	12,836

Note Payable

Effective May 30, 2012, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC ~~wholly owned by the Company,~~ entered into a variable rate credit agreement (the ~~“2012~~“2012 Mortgage”) with Rabobank, N.A., to refinance a pre-existing mortgage. The 2012 Mortgage has an original principal balance of ~~$16.1~~$16.1 million and bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. One month LIBOR was ~~1.90%~~2.48% at April 30, ~~2018.~~ 2019. The 2012 Mortgage matures in June 2022 and is secured by the Company’s headquarters located in Santa Barbara, California. In conjunction with the 2012 Mortgage, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC entered into an interest rate swap with Rabobank, N.A. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount of ~~$16.1~~$16.1 million and a schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31% for the entire term of the 2012 Mortgage. The terms of the 2012 Mortgage provide for QAD Ortega Hill, LLC to make net monthly payments of ~~$88,100~~$88,100 consisting of principal and interest and one final payment of ~~$11.7~~$11.7 million. The unpaid balance as of April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 was ~~$13.7~~$13.2 million.

LEASES

The Company leases certain office space, office equipment and autos with remaining lease terms of one year to eight years under leases classified as operating. The Company’s finance leases are immaterial. QAD has options to terminate some of its leases early. The lease term represents the period up to the early termination date unless it is reasonably certain that QAD will not exercise the early termination option. For certain leases, QAD has options to extend the lease term for additional periods ranging from one year to six years.

The Company treats a contract as a lease when the contract conveys the right to use a physically distinct asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, the Company directs the use of the asset and obtains substantially all the economic benefits of the asset. These leases are recorded as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease obligation liabilities for leases with terms greater than 12 months. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the entirety of the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make payments over the life of the lease. An ROU asset and a lease liability are recognized at commencement of the lease based on the present value of the lease payments over the life of the lease. Initial direct costs are included as part of the ROU asset upon commencement of the lease. Since the interest rate implicit in a lease is generally not readily determinable, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar lease term to obtain an asset of similar value. QAD used the incremental borrowing rate on February 1, 2019 for all leases that commenced prior to that date.

QAD reviews the impairment of ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for the Company’s other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations.

The Company has applied the practical expedient available for lessees in which lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single lease component for all asset classes. The Company also elected the practical expedient to exclude short-term leases (leases with original terms of 12 months or less) from ROU asset and lease liability accounts.

Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. Variable payments change due to facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time, and do not result in a remeasurement of lease liabilities. The Company’s variable lease payments include payments to lessors for taxes, maintenance, insurance and other operating costs as well as payments that are adjusted based on a CPI index or rate and payments in excess of fixed amounts, such as excess mileage charges on leased autos. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

April 30, 2019

Assets

Operating lease assets, net
$ 15,149

Liabilities

Current

Operating
$ 4,633
Noncurrent

Operating
11,210
Total lease liabilities
$ 15,843

The components of lease cost were as follows (in thousands):

Three Months
Ended

April 30, 2019

Operating lease cost
$ 1,456
Variable lease cost
372
Short-term lease cost
74
Net lease cost
$ 1,902

Lease term and discount rate were as follows:

	April 30, 2019~~. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS~~

Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases		4.4
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases		5.98	%

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to leases were as follows:

Three Months Ended

April 30, 2019

Cash flows related to lease liabilities

Operating cash flows related to operating leases
$ (1,584
)
)

Non-cash items

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
$ 3,425

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows as of April 30, 2019 (in millions):

Operating

Leases

Within 1 year
$ 5.6
2 years
4.4
3 years
2.6
4 years
1.8
5 years
1.5
Thereafter
2.5
Total lease payments
$ 18.4
Less: Imputed interest
(2.4 )
Present value of lease liabilities
$ 16.0

As of January 31, 2019 future minimum lease payments, as defined under the previous lease accounting guidance of ASC Topic 840, under non-cancelable operating leases for the following five fiscal years and thereafter were as follows (in millions):

2020
$ 5.6
2021
4.6
2022
2.8
2023
1.8
2024
1.5
Thereafter
2.8
Total
$ 19.1

The Company is a lessor for certain office space owned by the Company and leased to others under non-cancelable leases with initial terms ranging from three months to one year. These lease agreements provide for a fixed base rent and automatically renew for periods from three months to one year unless terminated. All leases are considered operating leases. There are no rights to purchase the premises and no residual value guarantees. For the period ending April 30, 2019 the Company received $0.2 million of lease income from company-owned locations.

9.	ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, were as follows:

Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustments

(in thousands)

Balance as of January 31, 2018
$ (6,828
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
(510 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
-
Net current period other comprehensive loss
(510 )
Balance as of April 30, 2018
$ (7,338
)

Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments

(in thousands)

Balance as of January 31, 2019
$ (7,661
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
(263 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—

Net current period other comprehensive loss
(263
)
Balance as of April 30, 2019
$ (7,924
)

~~During the~~ ~~first~~~~three~~ ~~months of fiscal~~ ~~2019~~ ~~there were~~ no ~~reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss.~~

9~~. INCOME TAXES~~
10.
INCOME TAXES

In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company calculated income tax expense based on actual quarterly results in the first quarters of fiscal years ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. These results were adjusted for discrete items recorded during the period. Actual quarterly results were used in fiscal ~~2018~~2020 and 2019 since they ~~provide~~provided a more reliable estimate of quarterly tax expense.

The Company recorded income tax expense of ~~$1.2~~$0.7 million and ~~$0.6~~$1.2 million for the first three months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate ~~increased~~decreased to ~~46%~~(28%) during the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared to ~~(32%)~~46% for the same period in the prior year. The ~~increase~~decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to a taxable ~~profits and an increase in foreign tax expense due to jurisdictional mix in~~loss for the first ~~quarter~~three months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared to a ~~loss~~taxable profit for the same period of fiscal ~~2018.~~ 2019 in addition to change in jurisdictional mix.

When calculating ~~the~~QAD’s income tax expense for the first three months of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, the Company considered the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) enacted December 22, 2017. The Tax Act imposed a deemed repatriation tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate to 21% and introduced a new tax on global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”). Based on current available information and technical guidance, the Company maintained its provisional estimate of the fiscal 2018 deemed repatriation tax of $10.0 million. This additional income tax expense was partially offset by net operating losses and tax credits. The Tax Act increased the Company’s fiscal 2018 U.S. estimated tax liability by $2.0 million. This estimate may be impacted by further analysis and future clarification and guidance regarding available tax accounting methods and elections, earnings and profits computations and state tax conformity to federal tax changes. The Company elected to pay the estimated repatriation tax liability over a period of eight years as permitted by the Tax Act. The Company has not yet completed the accounting for the fiscal 2018 effects of the Tax Act because of the complexity and ambiguity of certain of its tax and accounting effects. The Company expects to refine and complete the accounting for the Tax Act during the remainder of fiscal 2019 as it obtains, prepares and analyzes additional information in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.

~~The~~ Company included a provision for ~~GILTI~~global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”) in the Company’s tax ~~expense for~~expense. The provisional GILTI estimate considered the proposed regulations released on September 13, 2018 by the U.S. Department of Treasury. These regulations provide computational, definitional, and anti-avoidance rule guidance relating to the determination of a U.S. shareholder’s GILTI inclusion. In the first ~~three months~~quarter of fiscal ~~2019. Cash~~2019, cash taxes were not impacted by GILTI since the Company ~~has~~had sufficient tax credits to offset the additional liability. ~~The~~For the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company does not have a GILTI ~~provisions did not impact~~inclusion due to the ~~Company’s effective tax rate since QAD’s U.S. deferred tax assets are fully valued.~~ losses sustained in Ireland.

The Company has ~~not recorded~~elected to treat the deferred taxes related to ~~these~~ GILTI provisions ~~and has not yet determined its policy election with respect to whether it will treat GILTI~~ as a current-period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”) ~~or factor such amount into the measurement of deferred taxes (the “deferred method”)~~. ~~This decision will be made by year end as the GILTI guidance is issued.~~

~~The Company adopted ASU 2016-16,~~ ~~Income taxes (Topic 740) Intra-entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory,~~ during the three months ended April 30, 2018, which required all income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory to be recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) when the transfer occurs. As a result of the adoption, the Company recorded $9.6 million to accumulated deficit and deferred tax assets at February 1, 2018 to account for the intra-entity sale of Intellectual Property that occurred in the fiscal year 2018.

The gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was ~~$1.8~~$1.3 million at April 30, ~~2018,~~2019, including interest and penalties. The unrecognized tax benefits ~~are~~were reduced by $1 million with an accompanying reduction of deferred tax ~~credits of $0.9 million that would apply in settlement~~assets, as a result of the ~~uncertain tax position.~~netting required under ASU 2013-11. The entire amount of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, will impact the Company’s effective tax rate. This liability is classified as long-term unless the liability is expected to conclude within twelve months of the reporting date.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of April 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company has accrued approximately ~~$0.2~~$0.1 million of interest and ~~penalties~~penalty expense ~~related~~relating to unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company reviews its net deferred tax assets by jurisdiction on a quarterly basis to determine whether a valuation allowance is necessary based on the more-likely-than-not standard. Management ~~assessed~~assesses historic, current and future financial projections by jurisdiction to draw its conclusion. ~~During fiscal 2017, a~~A valuation allowance has been established for select foreign jurisdictions (i.e. Germany, Belgium, Hong Kong and Brazil) along with U.S. federal and state deferred ~~income~~ tax ~~assets was established.~~assets. For the quarter ended April 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance on its U.S. federal and state deferred ~~income~~ tax assets. At April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and January 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the valuation allowance attributable to deferred tax assets was ~~$33.8~~$35.6 million and ~~$33.7~~$34.9 million, respectively.

The Company files U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax returns that are subject to audit by various tax authorities. The Company is currently under audit in:

●

India for fiscal years ended March 31, 2010, 2013 and 2014

●

~~Iowa for fiscal year ended~~ ~~January 31, 2014~~

●

~~Kentucky for fiscal year ended~~ ~~January~~ ~~31,~~~~2016~~

	●	Netherlands for fiscal year ended January 31, 2016

	●	Germany for fiscal years ended January 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017

	●	Switzerland for fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018

During fiscal 2020, the Company closed the following audits with an immaterial adjustment:

●

Tennessee for fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017

10~~. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY~~
11.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends

The following table sets forth the dividends that were declared by the Company during the firstthree months of fiscal ~~2019:~~2020:

Declaration

Date

Record Date

Payable

Dividend

Class A

Dividend

Class B

(in thousands)

Record Date

Payable

Dividend

Class A

Dividend

Class B

(in thousands)

4/10/2018

4/24/2018

5/1/2018

0.072

0.06

1,359

4/9/2019

4/23/2019

5/3/2019

0.072

0.06

1,374

11~~. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION~~
12.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s equity awards consist of RSUs and SARs. For a description of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans, see Note 56 “Stock-Based Compensation” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table sets forth reported stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Three Months Ended April 30,
	2018		2017		2019		2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Cost of subscription fees	$	49	$	25
Cost of subscription					$	70	$	49
Cost of maintenance and other		92		77		121		92
Cost of professional services		226		220		322		226
Sales and marketing		402		317		380		402
Research and development		315		253		427		315
General and administrative		1,022		876		984		1,022
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,106	$	1,768	$	2,304	$	2,106

RSU Information

The estimated fair value of RSUs was calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, reduced by the present value of dividends foregone during the vesting period.

The following table summarizes the activity for RSUs for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018:~~ 2019:

	RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)

Restricted stock at January 31, 2018		653		$	25.10
Outstanding at January 31, 2019							663		$	36.64
Granted		2			43.93		1			41.49
Released ⁽¹⁾		(11	)		26.04		(11	)		26.31
Forfeited		(13	)		24.54		(16	)		36.79
Restricted stock at April 30, 2018		631		$	25.16
Outstanding at April 30, 2019							637		$	36.83

~~_________________________~~

(1)(1)

The number of RSUs released includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.

The Company withholds a portion of the released shares as consideration for the Company’s payment of applicable employee income taxes. During the three months ended April 30, ~~2018,~~ 2019, the Company withheld 4,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of ~~$0.2~~$0.2 million. During the three months ended April 30, 2018, the Company withheld 4,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $0.2 million.

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs was approximately ~~$10.9~~$16.7 million as of April 30, ~~2018.~~ 2019. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately ~~2.5~~2.7 years.

SAR Information

The following table summarizes the activity for outstanding SARs for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018:~~2019:

	SARs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)		SARs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 31, 2018		3,024		$	17.78
Outstanding at January 31, 2019											2,533		$	20.81
Granted		—			—						—			—
Exercised		(339	)		9.25						(5	)		10.78
Expired		—			—						—			—
Forfeited		(1	)		19.40						—			—
Outstanding at April 30, 2018		2,684		$	18.86		4.2	$	66,381
Vested and exercisable at April 30, 2018		1,734		$	15.24		3.1	$	48,961
Outstanding at April 30, 2019											2,528		$	20.83		3.3	$	63,211
Vested and exercisable at April 30, 2019											2,053	(1)	$	17.06		2.6	$	57,650

(1) The number of SARs vested and exercisable at April 30, 2019 includes 877,500 Class A and 127,500 Class B shares previously held by Mr. Karl Lopker which will expire on August 25, 2019 if not exercised by his estate. Exercise prices for these SARs range from $10.50 to $31.65.

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock based on the last trading day as of April 30, ~~2018,~~ 2019, and the exercise price for in-the-money SARs) that would have been received by the holders if all SARs had been exercised on April 30, ~~2018.~~ 2019. The total intrinsic value of SARs exercised in the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 was ~~$10.5~~$0.2 million.

The number of SARs exercised includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. During the three months ended April 30, ~~2018,~~ 2019, the Company withheld ~~93,000~~1,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of ~~$3.9~~$57,000. During the three months ended April 30, 2018, the Company withheld 93,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $3.9 million.

At April 30, ~~2018,~~ 2019, there was approximately ~~$4.9~~$3.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested SARs. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately ~~2.5~~2.7 years.

~~12.~~ ~~COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES~~
13.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Indemnifications

The Company sells software licenses and services to its customers under written agreements. Each agreement contains the relevant terms of the contractual arrangement with the customer and generally includes certain provisions for indemnifying the customer against losses, expenses and liabilities from damages that may be awarded against the customer in the event the Company’s software is found to infringe upon certain intellectual property rights of a third party. The agreements generally limit the scope of and remedies for such indemnification obligations in a variety of industry-standard respects.

The Company believes its internal development processes and other policies and practices limit its exposure related to the indemnification provisions of the agreements. For several reasons, including the lack of prior indemnification claims and the lack of a monetary liability limit for certain infringement cases under the agreements, the Company cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.

Legal Actions

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

~~13.~~ ~~BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION~~
14.
BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company markets its products and services worldwide, primarily to companies in the manufacturing industry, including automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial products and life sciences industries. The Company sells and licenses its products through its direct sales force in four geographic regions: North America; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); Asia Pacific; and Latin America and through distributors where third parties can extend sales reach more effectively or efficiently. The North America region includes the United States and Canada. The EMEA region includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The Asia Pacific region includes Asia and Australia. The Latin America region includes South America, Central America and Mexico. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company reports disaggregated revenue by geography and by industry as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company does not consider reporting by industry an operating segment in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, because discrete financial information by industry is not available. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews the consolidated results within one operating segment.

Subscription, license and maintenance revenues are generally assigned to the region where a majority of ~~the~~ end users are located. Professional services revenue is assigned based on the region where the services are delivered.

					Three Months Ended April 30,
	Three Months Ended April 30,				2019		2018
	2018		2017		(in thousands)
Revenue:	(in thousands)
North America ⁽¹⁾	$	40,025	$	33,370	$	37,659	$	40,025
EMEA		25,087		20,881		22,509		25,087
Asia Pacific		12,559		12,166		11,886		12,559
Latin America		8,519		4,965		5,981		8,519
	$	86,190	$	71,382	$	78,035	$	86,190

~~____________________________~~

(1)(1)

Sales into Canada accounted for 2%3% and 1%2% of North America total revenue in the three ~~and~~ ~~three~~ months ended April 30, ~~2018~~ 2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact should be construed as forward looking statements, including statements that are preceded or accompanied by such words as “may,” “believe,” “could,” “anticipate,” “projects,” “estimates,” “will likely result,” “should,” “would,” “might,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend” and words of similar meaning or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions regarding its business, the economy and future conditions. A number of risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors” within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions, expectations and projections only as of the date hereof and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about our business. We undertake no obligation to revise or update or publicly release the results of any revision or update to these forward-looking statements except as required by applicable securities laws. Readers should carefully review the risk factors and other information described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

INTRODUCTION

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared applying certain critical accounting policies. The SEC defines “critical accounting policies” as those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. Critical accounting policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions that may prove inaccurate or subject to variations and may significantly affect our reported results and financial position for the period or in future periods. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions, or estimates in any of these areas could have a material impact on our future financial condition and results of operations. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and they conform to general practices in our industry. We apply critical accounting policies consistently from period to period and intend that any change in methodology occur in an appropriate manner. Accounting policies currently deemed critical, including a) revenue; b) accounts receivable allowances for doubtful accounts; c) goodwill and intangible assets – impairment assessments; d) income taxes; and e) stock-based compensation are further discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2018.~~2019. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies and estimates as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the ~~first three months of fiscal 2019 except as noted below.~~

~~Revenue.~~ We offer our software using the same underlying technology via two models: a traditional on-premises licensing model and a cloud-based subscription model. The on-premises model involves the sale or license of software on a perpetual basis to customers who take possession of the software and install and maintain the software on their own hardware. Under the cloud-based subscription delivery model, we provide access to our software on a hosted basis as a service and customers generally do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software.

We generate revenue through sales of licenses and maintenance provided to our on-premises customers and through subscriptions of our cloud-based software. We offer professional services to both our on-premises and cloud customers to assist them with the design, testing and implementation of our software.

~~We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:~~

~~Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;~~

~~Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;~~

~~Determination of the transaction price;~~

~~Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and~~

~~Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.~~

We record the amount of revenue and related costs by considering whether the entity is a principal (gross presentation) or an agent (net presentation) by evaluating the nature of our promise to the customer. Revenue is presented net of sales, value-added and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities.

~~Performance Obligations~~

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under Topic 606. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised good or service to the customer. We identify and track the performance obligations at contract inception so that we can monitor and account for the performance obligations over the life of the contract.

Our contracts which contain multiple performance obligations generally consist of the initial purchase of subscription or licenses and a professional services engagement. License purchases generally have multiple performance obligations as customers purchase maintenance in addition to the licenses. Our single performance obligation arrangements are typically maintenance renewals, subscription renewals and services engagements.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations where the contracted price differs from the standalone selling price ("SSP") for any distinct good or service, we may be required to allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate for the SSP. SSP is assessed annually using a historical analysis of contracts with customers executed in the most recently completed fiscal year ~~to determine the range of selling prices applicable to a distinct good or service.~~

~~Subscription~~

Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the initial subscription period committed to by the customer commencing when the cloud environment is made available to the customer. The initial subscription period is typically 12 to 60 months. We generally invoice our customers in advance in quarterly or annual installments and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

~~Software Licenses~~

Transfer of control for software is considered to have occurred upon electronic delivery of the license key that provides immediate availability of the product to the customer. Our typical payment terms tend to vary by region but our standard payment terms are within 30-90 days of invoice.

~~Maintenance~~

Revenue from support services and product updates, referred to as maintenance revenue, is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, which in most instances is one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to unspecified software product updates, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period on a when-and-if available basis. Product support includes Internet access to technical content, as well as Internet and telephone access to technical support personnel. Our customers purchase both product support and license updates when they acquire new software licenses. In addition, a majority of customers renew their support services contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

~~Professional Services~~

Revenue from professional services is typically comprised of implementation, development, training or other consulting services. Consulting services are generally sold on a time-and-materials or fixed fee basis and can include services ranging from software installation to data conversion and building non-complex interfaces to allow the software to operate in integrated environments. We recognize revenue for time-and-materials arrangements as the services are performed. In fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized as services are performed as measured by costs incurred to date, compared to total estimated costs to complete the services project. Management applies judgment when estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete the services projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances and specification and testing requirement changes. Services are generally invoiced upon milestones in the contract or upon consumption of the hourly resources and payments are typically due 30 days after invoice.

~~Indirect Sales Channels~~

We execute arrangements through indirect sales channels via sales agents and distributors who are authorized to market our software products to end users. In arrangements with sales agents, QAD contracts directly with the customer and the sales agents are compensated on a commission basis. Distributor arrangements are those in which the resellers are authorized to market and distribute our software products to end users in specified territories and the distributor bears the risk of collection from the end user customer. We recognize revenue from transactions with distributors when the distributor submits a signed agreement and transfer of control has occurred to the distributor, in accordance with the five revenue recognition steps noted above. Revenue from distributor transactions is recorded on a net basis (the amount actually received by us from the distributor). We do not offer rights of return, product rotation or price protection to any of its distributors.

~~Disaggregated Revenue~~

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by geography and by the customers’ industry within manufacturing, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

~~Our revenue by geography is as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
April 30,

2018

2017

(in thousands)

North America
$ 40,025 $ 33,370
EMEA
25,087 20,881
Asia Pacific
12,559 12,166
Latin America
8,519 4,965
Total revenue $ 86,190 $ 71,382
~~Our revenue by industry is as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
April 30,

2018

2017

(in thousands)

Automotive
$ 37,062 $ 26,412
Consumer products and food and beverage
13,790 11,421
High technology and industrial products
24,995 22,842
Life sciences
10,343 10,707
Total revenue
$ 86,190 $ 71,382
~~Significant Judgments~~
More judgments and estimates are required under Topic 606 than were required under Topic 605. Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under Topic 606 for our arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We rarely license or sell products on a stand-alone basis, so we are required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because we do not sell the license, product or service separately, we determine the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. In making these judgments, we analyze various factors, including our pricing methodology and consistency, size of the arrangement, length of term, customer demographics and overall market and economic conditions. Based on these results, the estimated SSP is set for each distinct product or service delivered to customers.
Revenue is recognized over time for our subscription, maintenance and fixed fee professional services that are separate performance obligations. For our professional services, revenue is recognized over time, generally using costs incurred or hours expended to measure progress. Judgment is required in estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization, specification variances and testing requirement changes.
If a group of agreements are entered at or near the same time and so closely related that they are, in effect, part of a single arrangement, such agreements are deemed to be combined as one arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. We exercise significant judgment to evaluate the relevant facts and circumstances in determining whether agreements should be accounted for separately or as a single arrangement. Our judgments about whether a group of contracts comprise a single arrangement can affect the allocation of consideration to the distinct performance obligations, which could have an effect on results of operations for the periods involved.
If a contract includes variable consideration, we exercise judgment in estimating the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer. When estimating variable considerations, we will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. Variable consideration will be estimated and included in the contract price only when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized will not occur.
ended January 31, 2019.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

QAD Inc. (“QAD”, the “Company”, “we” or “us”) is a leading provider of flexible, cloud-based ~~and on-premises~~ enterprise software and services for global manufacturing companies. At QAD’s annual user conference in early May, we officially launched our solution portfolio “QAD Adaptive Applications” and our flagship ERP solution “QAD Adaptive ERP” to reflect the value QAD brings to our manufacturing customers. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019, we referred to these solutions as “QAD Enterprise Applications” or “Enterprise Applications”. QAD Adaptive Applications support operational requirements in the areas of financials, customer management, supply chain, manufacturing, service and support, analytics, business process management and integration. QAD's portfolio also includes related solutions for quality management software, supply chain management software, transportation management software and business-to-business interoperability. ~~Since 1979,~~ QAD solutions ~~have supported~~support customers in the automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial manufacturing and life sciences industries to ~~better align operations~~streamline processes, improve operational performance, comply with ~~their strategic goals to become Effective Enterprises.~~regulatory requirements and meet industry standards.

We have four principal sources of revenue:

●
~~Subscription of Enterprise Applications through our cloud offering in a Software as a Service (“SaaS”) model as well as other hosted applications;~~
Subscription of QAD Adaptive Applications through our cloud offering in a Software as a Service (“SaaS”) model as well as other hosted applications;

●
~~License purchases of Enterprise Applications;~~
License purchases of QAD Adaptive Applications;

●
~~Maintenance and support, including technical support, training materials, product enhancements and upgrades; and~~
Maintenance and support, including technical support, training materials, product enhancements and upgrades; and

●
~~Professional services, including implementations, technical and application consulting, training, migrations and upgrades.~~
Professional services, including implementations, technical and application consulting, training, migrations and upgrades.

We operate primarily in the following four geographic regions: North America, Latin America, EMEA and Asia Pacific. In the first three months of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, approximately ~~46%~~48% of our total revenue was generated in North America, 29% in EMEA, 15% in Asia Pacific and ~~10%~~8% in Latin America. The majority of our revenue is generated from global customers who have operations in multiple countries throughout the world. Subscription, license and maintenance revenues are generally assigned to the region where a majority of the end users are located. Professional services revenue is assigned based on the region where the services are delivered. A significant portion of our revenue and expenses are derived from international operations which are primarily conducted in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar have impacted our results of operations and may impact our future results of operations. At April 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we employed approximately ~~1,870~~1,980 employees worldwide, of which ~~640~~650 employees were based in North America, ~~590~~610 employees in EMEA, ~~540~~600 employees in Asia Pacific and ~~100~~120 employees in Latin America.

Our customer base and our target markets are primarily global manufacturing companies; therefore, our results are heavily influenced by the state of the manufacturing economy on a global basis. As a result, our management team monitors several economic indicators, with particular attention to the Global and Country Purchasing Managers’ Indexes (“PMI”). The PMI is a survey conducted on a monthly basis by polling businesses that represent the makeup of respective sectors. Since most of our customers are manufacturers, our revenue has historically correlated with fluctuations in the manufacturing PMI. Global ~~macro economic~~macro-economic trends and manufacturing spending are important barometers for our business, and the health of the U.S., Western European and Asian economies have a meaningful impact on our financial results.

We are transitioning our business model from traditional on-premises licensing to cloud-based subscriptions. During fiscal ~~2018~~2019 and the first three months of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, we closed most of our new customer deals in the cloud. In addition, we converted ~~many~~approximately 15% of our existing customers from on-premises licenses to our cloud-based solution. Recurring revenue, which we define as subscription revenue plus maintenance revenue, grew ~~12%~~4% for the first three months of fiscal 2020 from ~~prior~~the same period last year, and accounted for ~~61%~~71% of total revenue for the first ~~quarter~~three months of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, compared to ~~66% one year ago. The decline as a percentage of total revenue was due to~~61% for the ~~large increase in professional services revenue which grew by 43% compared to~~same period last ~~year’s first quarter.~~year. By reducing our customers’ up-front costs and providing continuous application and infrastructure support, we expect our cloud business model will be more attractive than on-premises licenses. We expect recurring revenue to remain a ~~high percent~~majority of total revenue as our subscription revenue continues to grow.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We operate in several geographical regions as described in Note 1314 “Business Segment Information” within the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In order to present our results of operations without the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we provide certain financial information on a “constant currency basis”, which is in addition to the actual financial information presented in the following tables. In order to calculate our constant currency results, we apply the current foreign currency exchange rates to the prior period results.

Revenue

Three
Months
Ended

Three
Months
Ended

Change in
Constant

Change due
to Currency

Total Change as Reported

(in thousands)

April 30,
2018

April 30,
2017

Currency

Fluctuations

$

%

Revenue

Subscription fees
$ 21,511 $ 15,343 $ 5,665 $ 503 $ 6,168 40
%
Percentage of total revenue
25
%
21
%

License fees
6,266 5,265 744 257 1,001 19
%
Percentage of total revenue
7
%
7
%

Maintenance and other
31,483 31,906 (2,121
)
1,698 (423
)
-1
%
Percentage of total revenue
37
%
45
%

Professional services
26,930 18,868 7,073 989 8,062 43
%
Percentage of total revenue
31
%
27
%

Total revenue
$ 86,190 $ 71,382 $ 11,361 $ 3,447 $ 14,808 21
%

Three
Months
Ended

Three
Months
Ended

Change in

Change due

Total Change as Reported

(in thousands)

April 30,
2019

April 30,
2018

Constant
Currency

to Currency
Fluctuations
$
%

Revenue

Subscription fees
$ 25,306 $ 21,511 $ 4,379 $ (584
)
$ 3,795 18
%
Percentage of total revenue
32
%
25
%

License fees
4,466 6,266 (1,513
)
(287
)
(1,800
)
-29
%
Percentage of total revenue
6
%
7
%

Maintenance and other
29,899 31,483 (426
)
(1,158
)
(1,584
)
-5
%
Percentage of total revenue
38
%
37
%

Professional services
18,364 26,930 (7,315
)
(1,251
)
(8,566
)
-32
%
Percentage of total revenue
24
%
31
%

Total revenue
$ 78,035 $ 86,190 $ (4,875
)
$ (3,280
)
$ (8,155
)
-9
%

Total Revenue. On a constant currency basis, total revenue was ~~$86.2~~$78.0 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing ~~an $11.4~~a $4.9 million, or ~~15%~~6%, ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$74.8~~$82.9 million for the same period last year. Total revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 included $3.2 million of additional revenue recognized in accordance with new revenue recognition rules under Topic 606 compared to applying the historical revenue recognition rules under Topic 605. For additional explanation of the revenue recognition differences between Topic 606 and Topic 605, refer to the Recent Accounting Pronouncements section of Note 1 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q. When comparing categories within total revenue at constant rates, our results for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 included ~~increases~~decreases in ~~subscription,~~professional services, license and ~~professional services revenue~~maintenance and other partially offset by ~~a decrease~~an increase in ~~maintenance and other revenue.~~subscription. Revenue outside the North America region as a percentage of total revenue was ~~54%~~52% and ~~53%~~54% for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. On a constant currency basis, total revenue ~~increased across~~decreased in all our regions during the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 when compared to the same period ~~last~~in the prior year.

Our products are sold to manufacturing companies that operate mainly in the following six industries: automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial products and life sciences. Given the similarities between consumer products and food and beverage as well as between high technology and industrial products, we aggregate them ~~in the~~for management review. The following table ~~which~~ presents revenue by industry for the ~~first quarter of fiscal~~three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018:

Three Months Ended April 30,

Three Months Ended April 30,

2018

2017

2019

2018

Automotive
43
%
37
%
37
%
43
%
Consumer products and food and beverage
16
%
16
%
15
%
16
%
High technology and industrial products
29
%
32
%
33
%
29
%
Life sciences
12
%
15
%

Life sciences and other
15
%
12
%
Total revenue
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
The decrease in percentage of revenue by industry for automotive, and the percentage increases in high technology and industrial products and life sciences and other, primarily related to a reduction in professional services revenue following the completion of a large, multisite global implementation project for a customer in the automotive industry.

Subscription Revenue.Subscription revenue consists of recurring fees from customers to access our products via the cloud and other subscription offerings. ~~Subscription~~Our cloud offerings typically include access to QAD software, hosting, application support, maintenance support and product updates, if and when available. Included in subscription revenue ~~is billed on a quarterly or annual basis and recognized ratably over the term~~are one-time set up fees for technical services such as configuration of the ~~agreement, typically 12~~database and access to ~~60 months.~~ the environment.
On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue was ~~$21.5~~$25.3 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$5.7~~$4.4 million, or ~~36%~~21%, increase from ~~$15.8~~$20.9 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue increased across all regions during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 when compared to the same period last year. One of the metrics that management uses to monitor subscription performance is the number of new cloud deals that have been signed in ~~our North America, EMEA~~the period. In the first quarter of fiscal 2020 we closed 16 new cloud deals, including six new cloud customers and ~~Asia Pacific regions and remained relatively flat in our Latin America region during~~ten conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses. This compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019 when ~~compared to the prior year. Subscription~~we closed 18 new cloud deals, including 13 new cloud customers and five conversions from existing customers who previously were running our solutions on-premises. The increase in subscription revenue consists of new customer sites; existing ~~Enterprise~~Adaptive Applications users converting from on-premises; and additional users and modules purchased by our existing cloud customers. Generally, about half of our new cloud deals come from existing customers converting Enterprise Applications users to cloud users and the other half comes from new customers and new modules, although we may experience quarterly fluctuations.

We track our retention rate of subscription and maintenance by calculating the annualized revenue of customer sites with contracts up for renewal ~~during~~at the beginning of the period compared to the annualized revenue associated with the customer sites that have canceled during the period. The percentage of revenue not canceled is our retention rate. Conversions to the cloud are not considered cancellations for purposes of ~~this~~the maintenance retention calculation. ~~Our~~Both our subscription and maintenance customer retention ~~rate is~~rates are in excess of 90%.

The following table presents subscription revenue by region for the ~~first quarter of fiscal~~three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018:

Three Months Ended April 30,

Three Months Ended April 30,

2018

2017

2019

2018

North America
56
%
55
%
54
%
56
%
EMEA
26
%
21
%
27
%
26
%
Asia Pacific
13
%
15
%
13
%
13
%
Latin America
5
%
9
%
6
%
5
%
Total subscription revenue
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%


The following table presents subscription revenue by industry for the ~~first quarter of fiscal~~three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018:

Three Months Ended April 30,

Three Months Ended April 30,

2018

2017

2019

2018

Automotive
34
%
36
%
33
%
34
%
Consumer products and food and beverage
18
%
14
%
17
%
18
%
High technology and industrial products
24
%
22
%
25
%
24
%
Life sciences
24
%
28
%
Life sciences and other
25
%
24
%
Total subscription revenue
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%

License Revenue.License revenue is derived from software license fees that customers pay for our core product, QAD ~~Enterprise~~Adaptive Applications, and any add-on modules they purchase. Our revenue mix has continued to shift from license to subscription revenue as a result of our business model transition as more new customers subscribe to our cloud-based offerings rather than purchase traditional on-premises licenses. While we expect license revenue to decline over time, we do continue to experience quarterly fluctuations.
On a constant currency basis, license revenue was ~~$6.3~~$4.5 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$0.8~~$1.5 million, or ~~15%~~25%, ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$5.5~~$6.0 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, license revenue ~~increased~~decreased in our North America, Latin America and Asia Pacific regions and ~~decreased~~remained flat in our EMEA region during the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 when compared to the same period last year. ~~One of the metrics that management uses to measure license revenue performance is the number of customers that have placed sizable license orders in the period.~~ During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, one customer placed one license order totaling more than $1.0 million and no other customers placed orders totaling more than $0.3 million. This compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019 in which three customers placed license orders totaling more than $0.3 million and one ~~of which~~order exceeded $1.0 million. ~~This compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2018 in which one customer placed a license order totaling more than $0.3 million, and no orders exceeded $1.0 million. A~~The majority of our license revenue ishas come from ~~existing customers purchasing~~ additional users and ~~modules. However, in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 we signed a large license deal with a new automotive customer in the U.S.~~module purchases from our existing customers.

Maintenance and Other Revenue~~.We~~. We offer support services 24 hours a day, seven days a week in addition to providing software upgrades, which include additional or improved functionality, when and if available.
On a constant currency basis, maintenance and other revenue was ~~$31.5~~$29.9 million for the first ~~three months~~quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$2.1~~$0.4 million, or 6%1%, decrease from ~~$33.6~~$30.3 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, maintenance and other revenue decreased in our North America ~~EMEA and Latin America regions and~~region, remained ~~relatively~~ flat in our Latin America and Asia Pacific regions and increased in our EMEA region during the first ~~three months~~quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 when compared to the ~~prior~~same period last year. The decrease in maintenance and other revenue ~~was~~period over period is primarily ~~attributable~~due to ~~the impact~~continued conversions of ~~customers converting~~existing customers’ on-premises licenses to ~~the~~ cloud subscriptions, in addition to our historical attrition rates. When customers convert to the cloud they no longer pay for maintenance as those support services are included as a component of the subscription offering. WeThough we continue to see renewal rates ~~consistent with history; however,~~above 90%, conversions from on-premises to cloud ~~will result~~have resulted in ~~future~~ decreases in maintenance ~~revenue.~~
~~Our maintenance retention rate has remained~~revenue and we expect this trend to continue in ~~excess of 90% for~~ the ~~first quarter of fiscal 2019 and 2018.~~future.

Professional Services Revenue.Our professional services business includes technical ~~consulting~~ and application consulting ~~and~~in addition to training, implementations, migrations and upgrades related to our solutions. Although our professional services are optional, our customers use these services when planning, implementing or upgrading our solutions whether in the cloud or on-premises. Professional services revenue growth is contingent upon subscription and license revenue growth and customer upgrade cycles, which are influenced by the strength of general economic and business conditions.
On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue was ~~$26.9~~$18.4 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$7.1~~$7.3 million, or ~~36%~~28%, ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$19.8~~$25.7 million for the same period last year. Total professional services revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 includes $1.8 million of additional revenue recognized in accordance with the new revenue recognition rules under Topic 606 compared to applying the historical revenue recognition rules under Topic 605. On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue ~~increased across~~decreased in all our regions during the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 when compared to the ~~prior~~same period last year. ~~New implementations and existing customer upgrade projects continue~~The decrease related to ~~generate demand for our professional services. In addition, we also provided personnel augmentation services to one of our cloud customers, mainly through subcontractors at minimal margins. We expect~~a reduction in professional services revenue ~~will decrease from its current level when augmentation services are completed.~~following the completion of a large, multisite global implementation project.

Total Cost of Revenue

Three
Months
Ended

Three
Months
Ended

Change in
Constant

Change due
to Currency

Total Change as Reported

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2019

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2018

Change in
Constant
Currency

Change due
to Currency
Fluctuations

Total
Change
as Reported
$

%

(in thousands)

April 30,
2018

April 30,
2017

Currency

Fluctuations

$

%

Cost of revenue

Cost of subscription
$ 8,228 $ 7,720 $ (416
)
$ (92
)
$ (508
)
-7
%
$ 9,417 $ 8,228 $ (1,261
)
$ 72 $ (1,189
)
-14
%
Cost of license
664 685 21 - 21 3
%
591 664 72 1 73 11
%
Cost of maintenance and other
7,865 7,694 28 (199
)
(171
)
-2
%
7,603 7,865 55 207 262 3
%
Cost of professional services
24,310 18,767 (4,514
)
(1,029
)
(5,543
)
-30
%
19,323 24,310 3,969 1,018 4,987

21
%
Total cost of revenue
$ 41,067 $ 34,866 $ (4,881
)
$ (1,320
)
$ (6,201
)
-18
%
$ 36,934 $ 41,067 $ 2,835 $ 1,298 $ 4,133 10
%
Percentage of revenue
48
%
49
%
47
%
48
%

Total cost of revenue consists of cost of subscription, cost of license, cost of maintenance and other and cost of professional services. Cost of subscription includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and other personnel expenses of our cloud operations employees; stock-based compensation for those employees; third-party contractor expense, third-party hosting and hardware costs; royalties; professional fees; travel expense; and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs. Cost of license includes license royalties and amortization of capitalized software ~~costs and fulfillment.~~costs. Cost of maintenance and other includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and ~~bonuses~~other personnel expenses of our support group, stock-based compensation for those employees, travel expense, professional fees ~~fulfillment~~ and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs. Cost of professional services includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and ~~bonuses, costs~~other personnel expenses of ~~fulfilling service contracts,~~our services employees, stock-based compensation for those employees, third-party contractor expense, travel expense ~~for services employees~~ and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

Total Cost of Revenue.On a constant currency basis, total cost of revenue was ~~$41.1~~$36.9 million and ~~$36.2~~$39.8 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, and as a percentage of total revenue was 47% and 48% ~~for~~in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The non-currency related decrease in cost of revenue of $2.9 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019 ~~and 2018. The non-currency related increase in cost of revenue of $4.9 million, or 14%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period last year~~ was primarily due to lower professional services third-party contractor costs associated with decreased professional service revenue partially offset by higher hosting costs associated with the ~~growth of our cloud business and higher third-party contractor, travel and personnel costs associated with increased professional services~~increase in subscription revenue.

Cost of Subscription.On a constant currency basis, cost of subscription was ~~$8.2~~$9.4 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$0.4~~$1.2 million, or 5%15%, increase from ~~$7.8~~$8.2 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in cost of subscription of ~~$0.4~~$1.2 million in the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared to the ~~same period last year~~first quarter of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to higher hosting costs of ~~$0.7~~$0.6 million ~~partially offset by $0.2~~and higher salaries and related costs of $0.3 million, as a result of ~~personnel costs cross charged to our services department to support conversion and upgrade projects.~~additional headcount of 31 people. Cost of subscription as a percentage of subscription revenue was ~~38%~~37% and ~~50%~~38% in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively. ~~Subscription margins improved due to achieving greater economies of scale as we increase revenue as well as improved automation of some processes in our cloud operations department.~~ We ~~expect to continue~~have continued to improve our subscription margins over time ~~as we leverage~~due to leveraging of ongoing economies of scale and implementing operational ~~efficiencies, but we also anticipate~~efficiencies. We have experienced and may experience in the future quarterly fluctuations in our subscription margins as we make investments in our data centers and cloud operations to support future growth. Our strategic investments in cloud growth may not match the timing of revenue increases.

Cost of License.On a constant currency basis, cost of license was ~~$0.7~~$0.6 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019 and 2018 and primarily relates to royalties. As~~2020, representing a $0.1 million, or 14%, decrease from $0.7 million for the same period last year. A majority of cost of license was royalty expense, which as a percent of license revenue, ~~cost of license~~ remained relatively consistent year over year.

Cost of Maintenance and Other.On a constant currency basis, cost of maintenance and other was ~~$7.9~~$7.6 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020, representing a $0.1 million, or 1%, decrease from $7.7 million for the same period last year. Expense categories within cost of maintenance and ~~2018.~~other were relatively consistent for the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the same period last year. Cost of maintenance and other as a percentage of maintenance and other revenue was 25% ~~and 24%~~ in the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018, respectively.~~2019.

Cost of Professional Services.On a constant currency basis, cost of professional services was ~~$24.3~~$19.3 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$4.5~~$4.0 million, or ~~23%~~17%, ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$19.8~~$23.3 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related ~~increase~~decrease in cost of professional services of ~~$4.5~~$4.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to ~~higher~~lower third-party contractor costs of ~~$2.0~~$2.6 million, ~~higher salaries and related costs~~lower travel expense of ~~$1.0 million, as a result of higher headcount of approximately 51 people, higher travel of $1.0~~$0.8 million and ~~higher information technology and facilities allocated costs~~lower bonuses of ~~$0.3~~$0.2 million. Cost of professional services as a percentage of professional services ~~revenue~~revenues was ~~90%~~105% and ~~99%~~90% for the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively. Our professional services margin in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 included additional services revenue of $1.8 million recognized in accordance with Topic 606 rules which under Topic 605 would not have been recognized. Without the additional revenue related to Topic 606, cost of professional services as a percentage of revenue would have been 97% for the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

Sales and Marketing

Three
Months
Ended

Three
Months
Ended

Change in
Constant

Change due
to Currency

Total Change as Reported

(in thousands)

April 30,
2018

April 30,
2017

Currency

Fluctuations

$

%

Sales and marketing
$ 19,946 $ 17,587 $ (1,570
)
$ (789
)
$ (2,359
)
-13
%
Percentage of revenue
23
%
25
%

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2019

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2018

Change in
Constant
Currency

Change due
to Currency
Fluctuations

Total
Change
as Reported
$

%

(in thousands)

Sales and marketing
$ 20,891 $ 19,946 $ (1,509
)
$ 564 $ (945
)
-5
%
Percentage of revenue
27
%
23
%

Sales and marketing expense includes salaries, benefits, commissions, bonuses, stock-based compensation, ~~and~~ travel expense ~~for~~and other personnel costs of our sales and marketing employees in addition to costs of programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as trade shows, user group events, lead generation, advertising and various sales and promotional programs. Sales and marketing expense also includes ~~personnel costs of order processing,~~ sales agent fees and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

On a constant currency basis, sales and marketing expense was ~~$19.9~~$20.9 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a $1.5 million, or 8%, increase from ~~$18.4~~$19.4 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in sales and marketing expense of $1.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared to the ~~same period last year~~first quarter of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to higher salaries and related costs of ~~$0.9~~$0.7 million, as a result of ~~higher~~additional headcount of ~~approximately 18~~21 people, higher ~~capitalized commission~~severance of $0.5 million, higher recruiting expense of ~~$0.3~~$0.2 million and a higher ~~travel~~allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 million partially offset by lower sales agent/partner fees of $0.2 million.

Research and Development

Three
Months
Ended

Three
Months
Ended

Change in
Constant

Change due
to Currency

Total Change as Reported

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2019

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2018

Change in
Constant
Currency

Change due
to Currency
Fluctuations

Total
Change
as Reported
$

%

(in thousands)

April 30,
2018

April 30,
2017

Currency

Fluctuations

$

%

Research and development
$ 14,006 $ 11,532 $ (2,020
)
$ (454
)
$ (2,474
)
-21
%
$ 13,987 $ 14,006 $ (399
)
$ 418 $ 19 0
%
Percentage of revenue
16
%
16
%
18
%
16
%

Research and development is expensed as incurred and consists primarily of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, ~~training~~travel expense and ~~travel expense~~other personnel costs for research and development employees ~~and~~in addition to professional services, such as fees paid to software development firms and independent contractors. Research and development expense ~~also~~ includes an allocation of information technology and facilities costs, and is reduced by capitalized ~~localizations~~localization and ~~translations~~translation costs.

On a constant currency basis, research and development expense was $14.0 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$2.0~~$0.4 million, or ~~17%~~3%, increase from ~~$12.0~~$13.6 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in research and development expense of ~~$2.0~~$0.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared to the ~~same period last year~~first quarter of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to higher third-party contractor costs of $0.3 million and higher salaries and related costs of ~~$1.0 million, as a result of higher headcount of approximately 21 people, and higher third-party contractor costs of $0.6~~$0.2 million.

General and Administrative

Three
Months
Ended

Three
Months
Ended

Change in
Constant

Change due
to Currency

Total Change as Reported

(in thousands)

April 30,
2018

April 30,
2017

Currency

Fluctuations

$

%

General and administrative
$ 9,362 $ 8,593 $ (509
)
$ (260
)
$ (769
)
-9
%
Percentage of revenue
11
%
12
%

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2019

Three
Months
Ended
April 30,
2018

Change in
Constant
Currency

Change due
to Currency
Fluctuations

Total
Change
as Reported
$

%

(in thousands)

General and administrative
$ 9,418 $ 9,362 $ (259
)
$ 203 $ (56 ) -1
%
Percentage of revenue
12
%
11
%

General and administrative expense includes salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, ~~and~~ travel expense ~~for~~and other personnel costs related to our finance, human resources, legal and executive personnel. General and administrative expense also includes personnel ~~as well as~~costs of order processing, professional fees for accounting and legal services, bad debt expense and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

On a constant currency basis, general and administrative expense was $9.4 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, representing a ~~$0.5~~$0.2 million, or 6%2%, increase from ~~$8.9~~$9.2 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in general and administrative expense of ~~$0.5~~$0.2 million in the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared to the ~~same period last year~~first quarter of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to higher salaries and related costs of ~~$0.2~~$0.6 million, ~~higher stock compensation~~as a result of ~~$0.1 million~~moving our order processing employees from sales and ~~higher legal~~marketing expense to general and ~~accounting~~administrative expense, partially offset by lower professional fees of ~~$0.1~~$0.3 million.

Amortization of Intangibles from Acquisitions

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions was ~~$0.2~~$67,000 and zero in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense for the first quarter of fiscal 2020 was due to the intangible assets acquired during fiscal 2019.
Total Other (Income) Expense

Three
Months
Ended

Increase (Decrease)
Compared
to Prior Period

Three
Months
Ended

April 30,
2019

$

%

April 30,
2018

(in thousands)

Other (income) expense

Interest income
$ (724
)
$ (200
)
-38
%
$ (524
)
Interest expense
153 (4
)
-3
%
157
Other (income) expense, net
(172
)
232 57
%
(404
)
Total other (income), net
$ (743
)
$ 28 4
%
$ (771
)
Percentage of revenue
-1
%
-1
%

Total other (income) net was $(0.7) million and $(0.8) million for the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and zero for the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Amortization expense was due to the intangible assets acquired from our DynaSys and CEBOS acquisitions that became fully amortized at the end of fiscal 2018.
~~Total Other (Income) Expense~~

Three
Months
Ended

Increase
(Decrease)
Compared to
Prior Period

Three
Months
Ended

(in thousands)

April 30,
2018

$

%

April 30,
2017

Other (income) expense

Interest income
$ (524
)
$ (356
)
-212
%
$ (168
)
Interest expense
157 1 1
%
156
Other (income) expense, net
(404
)
(1,008
)
-167
%
604
Total other (income) expense, net
$ (771
)
$ (1,363
)
-230
%
$ 592
Percentage of revenue
1
%
1
%
~~Net other (income) expense was $(0.8) million and $0.6 million for the first three months of fiscal 2019~~2020 and fiscal ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The change in net other (income) ~~expense~~ was primarily related to ~~lower foreign exchange losses of $0.9 million and~~ higher interest income of ~~$0.4~~$0.2 million due to interest rate increases partially offset by the unfavorable change in fair value of the credit swap of $0.2 million.

Interest rate swap valuations and foreign exchange gains and losses are subject to changes which are inherently unpredictable. Our interest rate swap is accounted for using mark-to-market accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap each reporting period are adjusted through earnings, subjecting us to non-cash volatility in our results of operations. The swap fixes the interest rate on our mortgage to 4.31% over the entire term of the mortgage and effectively lowered our interest rate from the previous mortgage rate of 6.5%. Although the agreement allows us to prepay the loan and exit the agreement early, we have no intention of doing so. As a result, we will have non-cash adjustments through earnings each reporting period. Over the term of the mortgage, however, the net impact of these mark-to-market adjustments on earnings will be zero.

Income Tax Expense

Three
Months
Ended

Increase (Decrease)
Compared
to Prior Period

Three
Months
Ended

Three
Months
Ended

Increase
Compared to Prior
Period

Three
Months
Ended

April 30,
2019
$
%

April 30,
2018

(in thousands)

April 30,
2018
$
%

April 30,
2017

Income tax expense
$ 1,183 $ 563 91
%
$ 620 $ 715 $ (468
)
-40
%
$ 1,183
Percentage of revenue
1
%
1
%
1
%
1
%
Effective tax rate
46
%
-32
%
-28
%
46
%

~~We recorded~~In determining the quarterly provision for income tax expense of $1.2 million and $0.6 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our effective tax rate increased to 46% for the first quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to (32%) for the same period in the prior year. In both fiscal periodstaxes, we calculated ~~our~~ income tax expense based on actual quarterly results in the first quarters of fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively. These results were adjusted for discrete items recorded during the period. Actual quarterly results were used in fiscal 2020 and 2019 since they provided a more reliable estimate of quarterly tax expense.
We recorded income tax expense of $0.7 million and $1.2 million for the first three months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our effective tax rate was (28%) compared to 46% for the same period in the prior year. The ~~increase~~change in the effective tax rate ~~was~~is primarily due to a taxable ~~profits and an increase in foreign tax expense due~~loss for the first three months of fiscal 2020 compared to the ~~jurisdictional mix in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to a loss~~taxable profits for the same period of fiscal ~~2018.~~ 2019 in addition to the change in jurisdictional mix.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Regulation S-K Item 10(e), “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Commission Filings,” defines and prescribes the conditions for use of non-GAAP financial information. Our measures of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA margins, non-GAAP pre-tax income and ~~estimated~~non-GAAP income tax expense on ~~GAAP~~non-GAAP earnings each meet the definition of a non-GAAP financial measure. We define the non-GAAP measures as follows:

●
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA - EBITDA is GAAP net income before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA less stock-based compensation expense and the change in the fair value of ~~our~~the interest rate swap.

●
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA margins - Calculated by dividing non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

●
Non-GAAP pre-tax income - GAAP income before income taxes not including the effects of stock-based compensation expense, amortization of purchased intangible assets and the change in fair value of ~~our~~the interest rate swap.

●
~~Estimated~~Non-GAAP income tax expense on ~~GAAP~~non-GAAP earnings - Defined as GAAP ~~total~~ tax expense excluding discrete items such as return to provision adjustments, stock-based compensation, rate change impacts, new valuation allowances on new positions and changes in reserves for unrecognized tax benefits.

QAD’s management uses non-GAAP measures internally to evaluate the business and believes that presenting non-GAAP measures provides useful information to investors regarding the underlying business trends and performance of our ongoing operations as well as useful metrics for monitoring our performance and evaluating it against industry peers. The non-GAAP financial measures presented should be used in addition to, and in conjunction with, results presented in accordance with GAAP, and should not be relied upon to the exclusion of GAAP financial measures. Management strongly encourages investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and to not rely on any single financial measure in evaluating the company.

QAD non-GAAP measures reflect adjustments based on the following items:

Stock-based compensation expense: We have excluded the effect of stock-based compensation expense from our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP pre-tax income calculations. Although stock-based compensation expense is calculated in accordance with current GAAP and constitutes an ongoing and recurring expense, such expense is excluded from non-GAAP results because it is not an expense which generally requires cash settlement by QAD, and therefore is not used by us to assess the profitability of our operations. We also believe the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense provides a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

Amortization of purchased intangible assets: We amortize purchased intangible assets in connection with our acquisitions. We have excluded the effect of amortization of purchased intangible assets, which include purchased technology, customer relationships, trade names and other intangible assets, from our non-GAAP pre-tax income calculation, because doing so makes internal comparisons to our historical operating results more consistent. In addition, we believe excluding amortization of purchased intangible assets provides a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

Change in fair value of the interest rate swap: We entered into an interest rate swap to mitigate our exposure to the variability of one-month LIBOR for our floating rate debt related to the mortgage of our headquarters. We have excluded the gain/loss adjustments to record the interest rate swap at fair value from our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP pre-tax income calculations. We believe that these fluctuations are not indicative of our operational costs or meaningful in evaluating comparative period results because we currently have no intention of exiting the debt agreement early; and therefore over the life of the debt the sum of the fair value adjustments will be zero.

Non-GAAP income tax on non-GAAP earnings: We disclose non-GAAP income tax on non-GAAP earnings in order to provide a reader with the ability to calculate non-GAAP earnings per share. Our estimate of non-GAAP income tax expense excludes the tax effect of stock-based compensation and other discrete items. We believe it is appropriate to exclude discrete items from the non-GAAP income tax expense on non-GAAP earnings calculation because non-GAAP pre-tax income excludes the effect of stock-based compensation; and discrete items are unpredictable and generally are not recognized until incurred.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margins and non-GAAP pre-tax income to the most comparable GAAP measures for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

Three Months Ended April 30,

Three Months Ended April 30,

2018

2017

2019

2018

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

Total revenue
$ 86,190 $ 71,382 $ 78,035 $ 86,190

Net income (loss)
1,397 (2,571
)
Net (loss) income
(3,234
)
1,397
Add back:

Net interest (income) expense
(367
)
(12
)
(571
)
(367
)
Depreciation
1,200 1,104 1,327 1,200
Amortization
159 416 274 159
Income taxes
1,183 620 715 1,183
EBITDA
$ 3,572 $ (443
)
$ (1,489
)
$ 3,572
Add back:

Stock-based compensation expense
2,106 1,768 2,304 2,106
Change in fair value of interest rate swap
(117
)
(13
)
91 (117
)
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 5,561 $ 1,312 $ 906 $ 5,561
Adjusted EBITDA margin
6
%
2
%
1
%
6
%

Non-GAAP pre-tax income (loss) reconciliation

Income (loss) before income taxes
$ 2,580 $ (1,951
)
Non-GAAP pre-tax (loss) income reconciliation

(Loss) income before income taxes
$ (2,519
)
$ 2,580
Add back

Stock-based compensation expense
2,106 1,768 2,304 2,106
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
- 342 74 —
Change in fair value of interest rate swap
(117
)
(13
)
91 (117
)
Non-GAAP income before income taxes
$ 4,569 $ 146
Non-GAAP (loss) income before income taxes
$ (50
)
$ 4,569

Estimated income tax expense on GAAP earnings
$ 1,112 $ 648
Non-GAAP income tax expense on non-GAAP earnings reconciliation

Income tax expense
$ 715 $ 1,183
Less discrete items:

Return to provision adjustments
(1
)
(1
)
Stock-based compensation (windfalls)/shortfalls
62 2,289
Rate change impacts
(270
)
(41
)
New valuation allowances on new positions
225 (2,284
)
Changes in reserves for unrecognized tax benefits
(134
)
(34
)
Other: adoption of ASC842 Leases
(14
)
—
Non-GAAP income tax expense on non-GAAP earnings
$ 583 $ 1,112

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary source of cash is from the sale of ~~subscriptions,~~subscription, licenses, maintenance and professional services to our customers. Our primary use of cash is payment of our operating expenses which mainly consist of employee-related expenses, such as compensation and benefits, as well as general operating expenses for facilities, third-party hosting providers, third party contractors and other overhead costs. In addition to operating expenses, we may also use cash for capital expenditures; payment of dividends, withholding taxes on settlement of stock-based compensation and stock repurchases; and to invest in our growth initiatives, which may include acquisitions of products, technologies and businesses.

At April 30, ~~2018,~~2019, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and equivalents totaling ~~$144.4~~$151.0 million, short-term investments of $1.2 million and net accounts receivable of ~~$56.9~~$49.0 million. Our cash and equivalents consisted of current bank accounts, registered money market funds and time delineated deposits. Approximately ~~85%~~87% of our cash and equivalents were held in U.S. dollar denominated accounts as of April 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Our primary commercial banking relationship is with Bank of America and its global affiliates. Our cash and equivalents are held by diversified financial institutions globally, and as of April 30, 2018 the portion of our cash and equivalents held by or invested through Bank of America was approximately 95%. Our largest cash concentrations are in the United States and Ireland. The percentage of cash and equivalents held ~~by foreign subsidiaries~~outside of the United States was ~~72%~~68% and ~~69%~~74% as of April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and January 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The majority of our cash and equivalents are held in investment accounts which are predominantly placed in money market mutual funds, and in U.S. Treasury and government securities funds. The remaining cash and equivalents and short-term investments are held in deposit accounts and certificates of deposit.

We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. In addition to providing for U.S. income taxes on earnings from the United States, we provide for U.S. income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries’ earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the United States. ~~We do not anticipate changing our intention regarding permanently reinvested earnings as~~
As of the balance sheet ~~date.~~
In December 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") was signed into law. The Tax Act includes a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of our foreign subsidiaries which resulted in an estimated $2 million of additional U.S. tax. In spite of the U.S. taxation on these earnings,date, we intend to permanently reinvest the earnings inof our foreign subsidiaries. ~~We do~~Should we decide to repatriate these earnings in the future, we would not expect to incur significant additional ~~taxes on repatriation of these earnings;~~taxes; however, foreign withholding taxes, currency translation, state taxes and currency control laws must always be considered.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017, respectively.~~2018:

Three Months Ended April 30,

Three Months Ended April 30,

2018

2017

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

2019

2018

Net cash provided by operating activities
$ 3,785 $ 7,882 $ 14,195 $ 3,785
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,272
)
(795
)
(1,300
)
(1,272
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(4,195
)
(299
)
(357
)
(4,195
)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and equivalents
(952
)
1,478 (961
)
(952
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and equivalents
$ (2,634
)
$ 8,266
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents
$ 11,577 $ (2,634
)

Typical factors affecting our cash provided by operating activities include our level of revenue and earnings for the period; the timing and amount of ~~employee bonus~~employee-related compensation payments, vendor payments and ~~income~~ tax payments; and the timing and amount of billings and cash collections from our customers, which is our largest source of operating cash ~~flow.Net~~flow. Net cash flows provided by operating activities were ~~$3.8~~$14.2 million and ~~$7.9~~$3.8 million for the first three months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The ~~decrease~~increase in cash flows from operating activities was due primarily to ~~higher payments for bonuses~~the positive cash flow effect of changes in accounts receivable of $6.5 million and ~~commissions paid in the first quarter~~other liabilities and accounts payable of ~~fiscal 2019 related to our fourth quarter fiscal 2018 results.~~$6.6 million, partially offset by lower net income of $4.6 million.


Net cash used in investing activities ~~consisted primarily of~~included capital expenditures of ~~$1.1~~$1.0 million and ~~$0.7~~$1.1 million for the first three months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. We continue to monitor our capital spending and do not believe we are delaying critical capital expenditures required to run our business.

Net cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of payments of withholding taxes on settlement of stock-based compensation and payment of dividends. ~~We paid withholding taxes of $4.1 million and $0.2 million for~~In the first three months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, we paid withholding taxes of $0.2 million and ~~2018,~~$4.1 million, respectively, on vested restricted stock units and exercised stock appreciation rights. In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Lopkers exercised their SAR grant and opted to receive shares net of the taxes owed. We elected to pay the taxes owed with cash on hand rather than sell shares to cover the taxes.

We have historically calculated accounts receivable days’ sales outstanding (“DSO”), using the countback, or last-in first-out, method. This method calculates the number of days of billed revenue represented by the accounts receivable balance as of period end. When reviewing the performance of our entities, DSO under the countback method is used by management. It is management’s belief that the countback method best reflects the relative health of our accounts receivable as of a given quarter-end or year-end because of the cyclical nature of our billings. Our billing cycle includes high annual maintenance renewal billings at year-end that will not be recognized as earned revenue until future periods.

DSO under the countback method was ~~relatively consistent at 56~~55 days and 5556 days as of April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. DSO using the average method, which is calculated utilizing the accounts receivable balance and earned revenue for the most recent quarter, was 57 days and 59 days ~~and 58 days~~at April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. The aging of our accounts receivable remained consistent when compared with the same period last year. We believe our reserve methodology is adequate, our reserves are properly stated as of April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and the quality of our receivables remains good.

There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations or commercial commitments outside the ordinary course of business. Cash requirements for items other than normal operating expenses are anticipated for capital expenditures, dividend payments and other equity transactions. We may require cash for acquisitions of new businesses, software products or technologies complementary to our business.

We believe that our cash on hand and net cash provided by operating activities ~~and available borrowings under our existing credit facility~~ will provide us with sufficient resources to meet our current and long-term working capital requirements, debt service, dividend payments and other cash needs for at least the next twelve months.

Our revenue, earnings, cash flows, receivables, and payables are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange ~~rates, for which we have put in place foreign currency contracts as part of our risk management strategy.~~rates. See Part I, Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for further discussion.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

A summary of future obligations under our various contractual obligations and commitments as of January 31, ~~2018~~2019 was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2018.~~2019. During the quarter ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 there have been no material changes in our contractual obligations or commercial commitments outside the ordinary course of business.

Notes Payable

Effective May 30, 2012, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC, our wholly owned limited liability company, entered into a variable rate credit agreement (the “2012 Mortgage”) with Rabobank, N.A., to refinance a pre-existing mortgage. The 2012 Mortgage has an original principal balance of $16.1 million and bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. One month LIBOR was ~~1.90%~~2.48% at April 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The 2012 Mortgage matures in June 2022 and is secured by our headquarters located in Santa Barbara, California. In conjunction with the 2012 Mortgage, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC entered into an interest rate swap with Rabobank, N.A. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount of $16.1 million and a schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31% for the entire term of the 2012 Mortgage. The terms of the 2012 Mortgage provide for QAD Ortega Hill, LLC to make net monthly payments of $88,100 consisting of principal and interest and one final payment of $11.7 million. The unpaid balance as of April 30, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$13.7~~$13.2 million.


ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Exchange Rates. We have operations in foreign locations around the world and we are exposed to risk resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We have experienced significant foreign currency fluctuations during fiscal ~~2018~~2019 and the first three months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 due primarily to the volatility of the euro in relation to the U.S. dollar. The foreign currencies for which we currently have the most significant exposure are the euro and Mexican peso. Foreign currency exchange rate movements could create a foreign currency gain or loss that could be realized or unrealized for us. Unfavorable movements in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies may have an adverse impact on our operations. We did not have any foreign currency forward or option contracts or other foreign currency denominated derivatives or other financial instruments open as of April 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

We face two risks related to foreign currency exchange rates—translation risk and transaction risk. Translation risk relates to amounts invested in our foreign operations that are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revenues and expenses in foreign currencies translate into higher or lower revenues and expenses in U.S. dollars as the U.S. dollar weakens or strengthens against other currencies. Furthermore, we have exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations arising from the remeasurement of non-functional currency assets, liabilities and intercompany balances into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. Transaction risk is related to our international subsidiaries holding non-local currency net monetary accounts subject to revaluation into their local currency, which results in realized or unrealized foreign currency gains or losses.

For the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately 50% and ~~2017, approximately~~ 54% ~~and 50%~~, respectively, of our revenue was generated in foreign currencies. We also incurred a significant portion of our expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, approximately ~~41%~~40% and ~~40%~~41% for the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Based on a hypothetical 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar against all foreign currencies, our revenue would be adversely affected by approximately 5% partially offset by a positive effect on our expenses of approximately 4%, and our operating income would be adversely affected by approximately ~~58%~~18%.

For each of the three months ended April 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, foreign currency transaction and remeasurement ~~(gains) losses~~gains totaled ~~$(0.3)~~$0.3 million ~~and $0.6 million, respectively,~~ and are included in ~~other~~“Other (income) expense, ~~net~~net” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Income~~ (Loss). Income. We performed a sensitivity analysis on the net U.S. dollar and euro-based monetary accounts subject to revaluation that are held by our international subsidiaries and on the non-functional currency assets, liabilities and intercompany balances that are remeasured into U.S. dollars. A hypothetical 10% adverse movement in all foreign currency exchange rates would result in foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses of approximately ~~$2.5~~$2.9 million.

These estimates assume adverse shifts in all foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, which do not always move in the same direction or in the same degrees. Actual results may differ materially from the hypothetical analysis.

Interest Rates. We invest our surplus cash in a variety of financial instruments, consisting principally of short-term marketable securities with maturities of less than 90 days at the date of purchase. Our investment securities are held for purposes other than trading. Cash balances held by subsidiaries are invested primarily in registered money market funds with local operating banks. Based on an interest rate sensitivity analysis of our cash and equivalents we estimate that a 10% adverse change in interest rates from the ~~2018~~2019 fiscal year-end rates would not have a material adverse effect on our cash flows or financial condition for the next fiscal year.

Our long-term debt is comprised of a loan agreement, secured by real property, which bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. In conjunction with the loan agreement, we entered into an interest rate swap. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount and schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31%.

Our interest rate swap is accounted for using mark-to-market accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap each reporting period are adjusted through earnings, subjecting us to non-cash volatility in our results of operations. We prepared a sensitivity analysis using a modeling technique that measures the change in the fair values arising from a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in levels of interest rates across the entire yield curve, with all other variables held constant. Based upon the results of this analysis a 10% adverse change in interest rates from the April 30, ~~2018~~2019 rates would cause a $0.1 million reduction in our results of operations. We believe it is prudent to hedge the expected volatility of the variable rate mortgage on our corporate headquarters. The swap fixes the interest rate on our mortgage to 4.31% over the entire term of the mortgage and effectively lowers our interest rate from the previous mortgage rate of 6.5%. Although the agreement allows us to prepay the loan and exit the agreement early, we have no intention of doing so. As a result, we will have non-cash adjustments through earnings each reporting period. However, over the term of the mortgage, the net impact of these mark-to-market adjustments on earnings will be zero.

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, and are effective to, provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information required to be disclosed by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. WeEffective February 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), and ~~implemented Topic 606~~all related amendments, which resulted in the ~~first quarter~~modification of ~~fiscal 2019, which impacted our consolidated balance sheet~~certain processes and ~~our~~internal controls related to leases. These included the development of new policies and training, ongoing ~~revenue recognition. See Note 2 “Revenue” within Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,~~contract review requirements, and gathering of information provided for ~~more information on~~disclosures. There were no other changes in the ~~impacts of adopting Topic 606 and ongoing considerations. In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, we modified our~~Company’s internal control over financial reporting ~~(as this term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under~~that occurred during the ~~Exchange Act), including our accounting policies and procedures, operational processes and documentation practices. These modifications included:~~
~~updates to our policies and procedures for revenue recognition, including assessment of SSP and documentation processes related to meeting the new criteria for revenue recognition;~~

~~changes to our contract review controls to take into account the new criteria for recognizing revenue, with specific focus on assessing whether the allocation objective is met;~~
~~the addition of controls for reviewing recoverability of contract assets and reevaluation of our significant contract judgments and estimates on a periodic basis; and~~
~~the addition of controls to address related required disclosures, including processes to evaluate changes in contract assets and liabilities and disaggregation of revenue.~~
~~Other than the impacts due to the adoption of Topic 606 described above, there have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the~~Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, ~~our~~the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent limitations of internal controls. QAD’s management does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures or its internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within QAD have been detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II

ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is not party to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, QAD is party, either as plaintiff or defendant, to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors reported in Item 1A within the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS

Exhibits

31.1
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS
XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

QAD Inc.
(Registrant)

Date: June ~~8, 2018~~7, 2019
By:
/s/ DANIEL LENDER

Daniel Lender

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

(~~Principal~~Chief Financial Officer)

By:
/s/ KARA BELLAMY

Kara Bellamy

Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller

(Chief Accounting Officer)

33
34

	Jan. 31, 2018			Topic 606			ASU2016-16 (1)		Feb. 1, 2018
	(in thousands)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	147,023		$	-		$	-	$	147,023
Accounts receivable, net		83,518			-			-		83,518
Other current assets		15,856			4,013			-		19,869
Total current assets		246,397			4,013			-		250,410
Property and equipment, net		30,408			-			-		30,408
Capitalized software costs, net		990			-			-		990
Goodwill		11,023			-			-		11,023
Deferred tax assets, net		7,944			(1,643	)		9,584		15,885
Other assets, net		3,055			8,421			-		11,476
Total assets	$	299,817		$	10,791		$	9,584	$	320,192

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current portion of long-term debt	$	466		$	-		$	-	$	466
Accounts payable		14,818			-			-		14,818
Deferred revenue		116,693			(1,239	)		-		115,454
Other current liabilities		43,460			-			-		43,460
Total current liabilities		175,437			(1,239	)		-		174,198
Long-term debt		13,313			-			-		13,313
Other liabilities		5,439			(511	)		-		4,928
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock - Class A		16			-			-		16
Common stock - Class B		4			-			-		4
Additional paid-in capital		200,456			-			-		200,456
Treasury stock		(12,461	)		-			-		(12,461	)
Accumulated deficit		(75,559	)		12,541			9,584		(53,434	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(6,828	)		-			-		(6,828	)
Total stockholders’ equity		105,628			12,541			9,584		127,753
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	299,817		$	10,791		$	9,584	$	320,192

	As reported under Topic 606			Adjustments			Balances under Prior GAAP
	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	1,397		$	(2,651	)	$	(1,254	)
Amortization of deferred costs		1,004			(1,004	)		-
Net change in valuation allowance		1,416			648			2,064
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets		(4,454	)		279			(4,175	)
Deferred revenue		(11,020	)		2,728			(8,292	)

	April 30, 2018			January 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Capitalized software development costs	$	1,480		$	1,516
Less accumulated amortization		(430	)		(526	)
Capitalized software costs, net	$	1,050		$	990

	April 30, 2019

Assets
Operating lease assets, net	$	15,149

Liabilities
Current
Operating	$	4,633
Noncurrent
Operating		11,210
Total lease liabilities	$	15,843

	Three Months Ended
	April 30, 2019

Operating lease cost	$	1,456
Variable lease cost		372
Short-term lease cost		74
Net lease cost	$	1,902

	Three Months Ended
	April 30, 2019

Cash flows related to lease liabilities
Operating cash flows related to operating leases	$	(1,584	) )

Non-cash items
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	3,425

	Operating
	Leases

Within 1 year	$	5.6
2 years		4.4
3 years		2.6
4 years		1.8
5 years		1.5
Thereafter		2.5
Total lease payments	$	18.4
Less: Imputed interest		(2.4	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	16.0

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2018	$	(6,828	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		(510	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		-
Net current period other comprehensive loss		(510	)
Balance as of April 30, 2018	$	(7,338	)

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2019	$	(7,661	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(263	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—
Net current period other comprehensive loss		(263	)
Balance as of April 30, 2019	$	(7,924	)

	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency		Total Change as Reported
(in thousands)	April 30, 2018			April 30, 2017			Currency			Fluctuations		$			%
Revenue
Subscription fees	$	21,511		$	15,343		$	5,665		$	503	$	6,168			40	%
Percentage of total revenue		25	%		21	%
License fees		6,266			5,265			744			257		1,001			19	%
Percentage of total revenue		7	%		7	%
Maintenance and other		31,483			31,906			(2,121	)		1,698		(423	)		-1	%
Percentage of total revenue		37	%		45	%
Professional services		26,930			18,868			7,073			989		8,062			43	%
Percentage of total revenue		31	%		27	%
Total revenue	$	86,190		$	71,382		$	11,361		$	3,447	$	14,808			21	%

	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Change in			Change due			Total Change as Reported
(in thousands)	April 30, 2019			April 30, 2018			Constant Currency			to Currency Fluctuations			$			%
Revenue
Subscription fees	$	25,306		$	21,511		$	4,379		$	(584	)	$	3,795			18	%
Percentage of total revenue		32	%		25	%
License fees		4,466			6,266			(1,513	)		(287	)		(1,800	)		-29	%
Percentage of total revenue		6	%		7	%
Maintenance and other		29,899			31,483			(426	)		(1,158	)		(1,584	)		-5	%
Percentage of total revenue		38	%		37	%
Professional services		18,364			26,930			(7,315	)		(1,251	)		(8,566	)		-32	%
Percentage of total revenue		24	%		31	%
Total revenue	$	78,035		$	86,190		$	(4,875	)	$	(3,280	)	$	(8,155	)		-9	%

	Three Months Ended April 30,						Three Months Ended April 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
Automotive		43	%		37	%		37	%		43	%
Consumer products and food and beverage		16	%		16	%		15	%		16	%
High technology and industrial products		29	%		32	%		33	%		29	%
Life sciences		12	%		15	%
Life sciences and other								15	%		12	%
Total revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019			Three Months Ended April 30, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations		Total Change as Reported $			%
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	20,891		$	19,946		$	(1,509	)	$	564	$	(945	)		-5	%
Percentage of revenue		27	%		23	%

	Three Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Three Months Ended
	April 30, 2019			$			%			April 30, 2018
(in thousands)
Other (income) expense
Interest income	$	(724	)	$	(200	)		-38	%	$	(524	)
Interest expense		153			(4	)		-3	%		157
Other (income) expense, net		(172	)		232			57	%		(404	)
Total other (income), net	$	(743	)	$	28			4	%	$	(771	)
Percentage of revenue		-1	%								-1	%

	Three Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	April 30, 2018			$			%			April 30, 2017
Other (income) expense
Interest income	$	(524	)	$	(356	)		-212	%	$	(168	)
Interest expense		157			1			1	%		156
Other (income) expense, net		(404	)		(1,008	)		-167	%		604
Total other (income) expense, net	$	(771	)	$	(1,363	)		-230	%	$	592
Percentage of revenue		1	%								1	%

	Exhibits

	31.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

	31.2	Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

	32.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

	101.INS	XBRL Instance Document

	101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

	101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

	101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

	101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

	101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Date: June ~~8, 2018~~7, 2019	By:	/s/ DANIEL LENDER
		Daniel Lender
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
		(~~Principal~~Chief Financial Officer)

	By:	/s/ KARA BELLAMY
		Kara Bellamy
		Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller
		(Chief Accounting Officer)