CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE ~~(LOSS)~~ INCOME (LOSS)

~~BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS~~

Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements fairly present the financial information contained therein. These statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ~~(“GAAP”)~~(GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form ~~10-Q~~10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation ~~S-X.~~S-X. The financial statements and footnotes are unaudited. In management’s opinion, all necessary adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring and non-recurring adjustments, have been included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to present fairly the financial position and operating results of QAD Inc. ~~(“QAD”~~(QAD or the ~~“Company”)~~Company). The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all disclosures required by GAAP ~~accounting principles for~~ annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form ~~10-K~~10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2019.~~ 2020. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of the Company and its ~~wholly owned~~wholly-owned subsidiaries. Because of seasonal and other factors, results of operations for the three and six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~ 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending January 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

The Company’s accounting policies are set forth in detail in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form ~~10-K~~10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2019~~2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such Annual Report also contains a discussion of the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates. The Company believes that these accounting policies and estimates affect its more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies except as described below upon adoption of ASU 2016-13,Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.

~~Assets Held for Sale~~

During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company vacated its building located in Dublin, Ireland, and moved operations into leased office space. The Company entered into an agreement to sell the building and expects to complete the sale within the next 12 months. The net book value of the building of $1.7 million was classified as assets held for sale, and is included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Except as discussed below, there have been no recent changes in accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ~~(“FASB”)~~(FASB) or adopted by the Company during the six months ended July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, that are of significance, or potential significance, to the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In ~~February 2016,~~ January 2017, the FASB issued ~~Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02,~~ASU 2017-04, ~~Leases (Topic 842).~~ ~~This pronouncement requires lessees to recognize a liability~~Simplifying the Test for ~~lease obligations, which represents~~Goodwill Impairment, that eliminates “Step 2” from the ~~discounted obligation to make future lease payments, and a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset~~goodwill impairment test. QAD adopted the new standard on February 1, 2020, the first day of fiscal 2021. The new standard did not have an impact on the ~~balance sheet. The Company~~Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, which includes the Company's accounts receivables and contract assets. QAD adopted ~~ASU 2016-02, along with related clarifications and improvements, as of~~ the new standard on February 1, ~~2019,~~2020, the first day of fiscal 2021, using the modified retrospective approach, which allows the Company to apply Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. Accordingly, the comparative periods and disclosures have not been restated. The cumulative effect of adoption was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance sheet in the period of adoption.

The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs and the lessee practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for certain assets. Additionally, the Company adopted the policy election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all asset classes.

Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of a non-cash transitional adjustment to ROU lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $13.1 million and $13.9 million, respectively, as of February 1, 2019. The difference between the ROU lease assets and lease liabilities represented existing deferred rent expense and prepaid rent that were derecognized and recorded to retained earnings in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.approach. The adoption of ~~ASU 2016-02~~this standard did not ~~materially~~ have a material impact ~~results~~on QAD’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable is developed using historical collection experience, consideration of ~~operations or cash flows.~~

~~Recent Accounting Pronouncements~~ ~~Not~~~~Yet Adopted~~current and anticipated future economic conditions and other relevant data.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU ~~No. 2018-15,~~2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic ~~350-40)~~350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the accounting for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software under ASC ~~350-40,~~350-40, in order to determine which costs to capitalize and recognize as an asset and which costs to expense. ASU No. 2018-15 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and can be applied either prospectively to implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption or retrospectively to all arrangements. The Company ~~is currently evaluating~~adopted the ~~impact~~new standard on February 1, 2020, the first day of ~~the~~fiscal 2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on ~~its~~QAD’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In ~~January 2017,~~ December 2019, the FASB issued ~~ASU 2017-04,~~ ~~Intangibles—Goodwill~~new guidance which is intended to simplify various aspects to accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing an intraperiod allocation and ~~Other (Topic~~ ~~350~~~~): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,~~ ~~which simplifies the subsequent measurement~~calculating income taxes in interim periods. The amendment also clarifies and amends certain areas of ~~goodwill~~existing guidance to ~~eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In addition, it eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment~~reduce complexity and ~~if that fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2~~improve consistency in application of ~~the goodwill impairment test. Therefore, the same impairment assessment applies to all reporting units.~~Topic 740. The ~~amendments will be~~new standard is effective for ~~the Company’s~~ fiscal ~~year~~years beginning ~~February 1,~~after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is ~~permitted. The new guidance is~~permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Generally, the topics must be applied prospectively upon adoption, with the exception of certain topics which are required to be applied on a ~~prospective~~retrospective or modified retrospective basis. ~~The Company does not believe adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.~~

~~In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, which includes the Company's accounts receivables, certain financial instruments and contract assets. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology, which will generally result in more timely recognition of credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and requires a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, of ~~the adoption of ASU 2016-13~~adopting this new accounting guidance on its ~~consolidated~~ financial ~~statements in order to adopt the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.~~statements.

REVENUE

QAD offers its software using the same underlying technology via two models: a traditional on-premises licensing model and a cloud-based subscription model. The on-premises model involves the ~~sale or~~ license of software ~~on a perpetual basis~~ to customers who take possession of the software and install and maintain the software on their own hardware. Under the cloud-based subscription delivery model, QAD provides access to its software on a hosted basis as a service and customers generally do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software.

The Company generates revenue through sales of licenses and maintenance provided to its on-premises customers and through subscriptions of its cloud-based software. QAD offers professional services to both its on-premises and cloud customers to assist them with the design, testing and implementation of its software.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

Determination of the transaction price;

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenue is presented net of sales, value-added and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under Topic 606. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised good or service to the customer. The Company identifies and tracks the performance obligations at contract inception so that the Company can monitor and account for the performance obligations over the life of the contract.

The Company’s contracts which contain multiple performance obligations generally consist of the initial purchase of subscription or licenses and a professional services engagement. License purchases generally have multiple performance obligations as customers purchase maintenance in addition to the licenses. The Company’s single performance obligation arrangements are typically maintenance renewals, subscription renewals and services engagements.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations where the contracted price differs from the standalone selling price ~~("SSP")~~(SSP) for any distinct good or service, the Company may be required to allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate for the SSP. SSP is assessed annually using a historical analysis of contracts with customers executed in the most recently completed fiscal year to determine the range of selling prices applicable to a distinct good or service.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not sell the license, product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. In making these judgments, the Company analyzes various factors, including its pricing methodology and consistency, size of the arrangement, length of term, customer demographics and overall market and economic conditions. Based on these results, the estimated SSP is set for each distinct product or service delivered to customers. The Company rarely sells licenses on a ~~stand alone~~stand-alone basis, as the majority of its license sales to customers include first year maintenance with the license purchase. The Company frequently sells subscription, maintenance and services on a ~~stand alone~~stand-alone basis.

Subscription

Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the initial subscription period committed to by the customer commencing when the cloud environment is made available to the customer. The initial subscription period is typically 1224 to 60 months. The Company generally invoices its customers in advance in quarterly or annual installments and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice. In addition, a majority of customers renew their subscription contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

Software Licenses

Transfer of control for software is considered to have occurred upon electronic delivery of the license key that provides immediate availability of the product to the customer. The Company’s typical payment terms tend to vary by region but its standard payment terms are within ~~30-90~~30-90 days of invoice.

Maintenance

Revenue from support services and product updates, referred to as maintenance revenue, is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, which in most instances is one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to unspecified software product updates, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period on a when-and-if available basis. Product support includes Internet access to technical content, as well as Internet and telephone access to technical support personnel. The Company’s customers purchase both product support and license updates via the Company’s maintenance offering when they acquire new software licenses. In addition, a majority of customers renew their maintenance contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

Professional Services

Revenue from professional services is typically comprised of implementation, development, training or other consulting services. Consulting services are generally sold on a time-and-materials or fixed fee basis and can include services ranging from software installation to data conversion and building non-complex interfaces to allow the software to operate in integrated environments. The Company recognizes revenue for time-and-materials arrangements as the services are performed. In fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized as services are performed as measured by costs incurred to date, compared to total estimated costs to complete the services project. Management applies judgment when estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete the services projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances, and specification and testing requirement changes. Services are generally invoiced upon milestones in the contract or upon consumption of the hourly resources and payments are typically due 30 days after invoice.

Indirect Sales Channels

The Company executes arrangements through indirect sales channels via sales agents and distributors who are authorized to market its software products to end users. In arrangements with sales agents, QAD contracts directly with the customer and sales agents are compensated on a commission basis. Distributor arrangements are those in which the resellers are authorized to market and distribute the Company’s software products to end users in specified territories and the distributor bears the risk of collection from the end user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with distributors when the distributor submits a signed agreement and transfer of control has occurred to the distributor in accordance with the five revenue recognition steps noted above. Revenue from distributor transactions is recorded on a net basis (the amount actually received by the Company from the distributor). QAD does not offer rights of return, product rotation or price protection to any of its distributors.

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by geography and by the customers’ industry within manufacturing, as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Company’s revenue by geography is as follows:

Three Months Ended
July 31,

Six Months Ended
July 31,

2019

2018

2019

2018

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

North America
$ 36,837 $ 39,288 $ 74,496 $ 79,313
EMEA
22,118 26,906 44,627 51,993
Asia Pacific
11,751 12,866 23,637 25,425
Latin America
5,672 5,483 11,653 14,002
Total revenue
$ 76,378 $ 84,543 $ 154,413 $ 170,733

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
North America	$	38,998	$	36,837	$	76,000	$	74,496
EMEA		21,379		22,118		43,947		44,627
Asia Pacific		9,571		11,751		19,213		23,637
Latin America		4,133		5,672		9,068		11,653
Total revenue	$	74,081	$	76,378	$	148,228	$	154,413

The Company’s revenue by industry is as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,				Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Automotive	$	26,962	$	34,663	$	56,034	$	71,725	$	22,275	$	26,962	$	46,412	$	56,034
Consumer products and food and beverage		12,128		13,527		24,107		27,317		13,476		12,128		25,290		24,107
High technology and industrial products		26,389		25,363		51,937		50,358		26,644		26,389		53,468		51,937
Life sciences		10,899		10,990		22,335		21,333
Life sciences and other										11,686		10,899		23,058		22,335
Total revenue	$	76,378	$	84,543	$	154,413	$	170,733	$	74,081	$	76,378	$	148,228	$	154,413

Management Judgments

Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under Topic 606 for the Company’s arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

Revenue is recognized over time for the Company’s subscription, maintenance and fixed fee professional services that are separate performance obligations. For the Company’s professional services, revenue is recognized over time, generally using costs incurred or hours expended to measure progress. Judgment is required in estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization, specification variances and testing requirement changes.

If a group of agreements are entered at or near the same time and so closely related that they are, in effect, part of a single arrangement, such agreements are deemed to be combined as one arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. The Company exercises judgment to evaluate the relevant facts and circumstances in determining whether agreements should be accounted for separately or as a single arrangement. The Company’s judgments about whether a group of contracts comprise a single arrangement can affect the allocation of consideration to the distinct performance obligations, which could have an effect on results of operations for the periods involved.

If a contract includes variable consideration, the Company exercises judgment in estimating the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer. When estimating variable consideration, the Company will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. Variable consideration will be estimated and included in the contract price only when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized will not occur.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers and these timing differences result in receivables, contract assets, or contract liabilities (deferred revenue) on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. QAD records a contract asset when the Company has transferred goods or services but does not yet have the right to consideration. QAD records deferred revenue when the Company has received or has the right to receive consideration but has not yet transferred goods or services to the customer. The Company presents the contract asset and liability balance on a net basis at the contract level.

The contract assets indicated below are presented as other current and non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These assets primarily relate to professional services and subscription and consist of the Company’s rights to consideration for goods or services transferred but not billed as of July 31, ~~2019.~~ 2020 and January 31, 2020. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights to consideration become unconditional, usually upon completion of a milestone.

The Company’s contract balances are as follows:

	July 31, 2019		January 31, 2019		July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(In thousands)				(in thousands)
Contract assets, short-term (in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net)	$	2,391	$	2,058
Contract assets, long-term (in Other assets, net)		67		-
Contract assets, short-term (in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net”)					$	2,040	$	1,595
Contract assets, long-term (in “Other assets, net”)						155		214
Total contract assets	$	2,458	$	2,058	$	2,195	$	1,809
Deferred revenue, short-term	$	94,399	$	115,253	$	95,049	$	118,413
Deferred revenue, long-term (in Other liabilities)		1,893		1,465
Deferred revenue, long-term (in “Other liabilities”)						2,424		2,811
Total deferred revenue	$	96,292	$	116,718	$	97,473	$	121,224

During the six months ended July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, the Company recognized ~~$82.8~~$83.7 million of revenue that was included in the gross deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period. All other activity in deferred revenue is due to the timing of invoicing in relation to the timing of revenue recognition.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but unsatisfied performance obligations were approximately ~~$250.5~~$282.3 million as of July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately ~~$156.0~~$165.9 million as revenue over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, QAD has determined that its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company’s products and services, and not to facilitate financing arrangements.

Deferred Revenue

The Company typically invoices its customers for subscription and support fees in advance on a quarterly or annual basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription or support term. Unpaid invoice amounts for non-cancelable services starting in future periods are included in accounts receivable and deferred revenue. The portion of deferred revenue that QAD anticipates will be recognized after the succeeding ~~twelve-month~~twelve-month period is recorded as non-current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as current deferred revenue.

Deferred revenues consisted of the following:

July 31,
2019

January 31,
2019

(in thousands)

Deferred maintenance
$ 59,636 $ 77,037
Deferred subscription
32,791 34,020
Deferred professional services
1,849 2,146
Deferred license
89 1,713
Deferred other revenue
34 337
Deferred revenues, current
94,399 115,253
Deferred revenues, non-current (in Other liabilities)
1,893 1,465
Total deferred revenues
$ 96,292 $ 116,718

	July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Deferred maintenance	$	51,768	$	69,650
Deferred subscription		41,138		45,702
Deferred professional services		2,096		2,705
Deferred license and other revenue		47		356
Deferred revenues, current		95,049		118,413
Deferred revenues, non-current (in “Other liabilities”)		2,424		2,811
Total deferred revenues	$	97,473	$	121,224

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

There are several practical expedients and exemptions allowed under Topic 606 that impact timing of revenue recognition and the Company’s disclosures. Below is a list of the practical expedients applied by the Company:

●

The Company does not evaluate a contract for a significant financing component if payment is expected within one year or less from the transfer of the promised items to the customer.

●

The Company generally expenses sales commissions and sales agent fees when incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income.~~.

●

~~The Company calculates contract acquisition costs based on a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics instead of a contract by contract analysis.~~

●

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed (applies to time-and-material engagements).

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

The Company’s incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract consist of sales commissions and sales agent fees which are deferred and amortized ratably over the term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be five years. These deferred costs are classified as current or non-current based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the expense. Incremental costs related to renewals are expensed as incurred because the term of economic benefit is one year or less. The current and non-current portions of deferred commissions are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net” and ~~other long-term~~“Other assets, net”, respectively, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At July 31, ~~2019~~ 2020 and January 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company had ~~$11.0~~$12.2 million and $12.3 million, respectively, of deferred commissions and sales agent fees. For the three and six months ended July 31, 2020, $1.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions and sales agent fees was recorded in “Sales and marketing” expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). For the three and six months ended July 31, 2019, ~~$0.9~~$0.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions and sales agent fees ~~were~~was recorded in ~~sales~~“Sales and ~~marketing~~marketing” expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Income. For the three and six months ended July 31, 2018, $0.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions and sales agent fees were recorded in sales and marketing expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income..

Costs to fulfill a contract, which are incurred upon initiation of certain services contracts and are related to initial customer setup, are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net” and ~~long-term~~“Other assets, net” in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At July 31, ~~2019~~ 2020 and January 31, ~~2019~~2020 the Company had deferred setup costs of $1.4 ~~million and $1.5 million, respectively.~~million. These costs are amortized over the term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be five years. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2020, $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred setup costs was recorded in “Cost of subscription” in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). During the three and six months ended July 31, 2019, ~~$0.1~~$0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred setup costs were recorded in ~~cost~~“Cost of ~~subscription~~subscription” in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Income. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2018, $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred setup costs were recorded in cost of subscription in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income..

Recoverability of these costs is subject to various business risks. Quarterly, the Company compares the carrying value of these assets with the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by them to determine if there is impairment. If impaired, these assets are reduced to an estimated fair value on a discounted cash flow basis. No impairment losses were recognized during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019.

DEBT

July 31,
2019

January 31,
2019

(in thousands)

Note payable
$ 13,111 $ 13,358
Less current maturities
(492
)
(487
)
Less loan origination costs, net
(30
)
(35
)
Long-term debt
$ 12,589 $ 12,836

~~Note Payable~~

	July 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Note payable	$	12,619		$	12,868
Less current maturities		(516	)		(503	)
Less loan origination costs, net		(19	)		(24	)
Long-term debt	$	12,084		$	12,341

Effective May 30, 2012, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC, a consolidated entity of QAD Inc., entered into a variable rate credit agreement (the ~~“2012 Mortgage”)~~2012 Mortgage) with Mechanics Bank (formerly Rabobank, N.A.), to refinance a pre-existing mortgage. The 2012 Mortgage has an original principal balance of $16.1 million and bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. One month LIBOR was ~~2.31%~~0.17% at July 31, ~~2019.~~ 2020. The 2012 Mortgage matures in June 2022 and is secured by the Company’s headquarters located in Santa Barbara, California. In conjunction with the 2012 Mortgage, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC entered into an interest rate swap with ~~Rabobank, N.A.~~Mechanics Bank. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount of $16.1 million and a schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31% for the entire term of the 2012 Mortgage. The terms of the 2012 Mortgage provide for QAD Ortega Hill, LLC to make net monthly payments of $88,100 consisting of principal and interest and one final payment of $11.7 ~~million.~~ million when the loan matures on June 1, 2022. The unpaid balance as of July 31, ~~2019~~ 2020 was ~~$13.1~~$12.6 million.

~~LEASES~~

The Company leases certain office space, office equipment and autos with remaining lease terms of one year to twelve years under leases classified primarily as operating. QAD has options to terminate some of its leases early. The lease term represents the period up to the early termination date unless it is reasonably certain that QAD will not exercise the early termination option. For certain leases, QAD has options to extend the lease term for additional periods ranging from one year to ten years.

The Company treats a contract as a lease when the contract conveys the right to use a physically distinct asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, the Company directs the use of the asset and obtains substantially all the economic benefits of the asset. These leases are recorded as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease obligation liabilities for leases with terms greater than 12 months. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the entirety of the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make payments over the life of the lease. An ROU asset and a lease liability are recognized at commencement of the lease based on the present value of the lease payments over the life of the lease. Initial direct costs are included as part of the ROU asset upon commencement of the lease. Since the interest rate implicit in a lease is generally not readily determinable, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar lease term to obtain an asset of similar value. QAD used the incremental borrowing rate on February 1, 2019 for all leases that commenced prior to that date.

QAD reviews the impairment of ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for the Company’s other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations.

The Company has applied the practical expedient available for lessees in which lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single lease component for all asset classes. The Company also elected the practical expedient to exclude short-term leases (leases with original terms of 12 months or less) from ROU asset and lease liability accounts.

A majority of the Company’s leases are operating and lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. Variable payments change due to facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time, and do not result in a remeasurement of lease liabilities. The Company’s variable lease payments include payments to lessors for taxes, maintenance, insurance and other operating costs as well as payments that are adjusted based on a CPI index or rate and payments in excess of fixed amounts, such as excess mileage charges on leased autos. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

~~Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):~~

July 31, 2019

Assets

Operating
$ 18,097
Finance
98
Total lease assets, net
$ 18,195

Liabilities

Current

Operating
$ 4,812
Finance
43
Noncurrent

Operating
14,017
Finance
42
Total lease liabilities
$ 18,914

~~The components of lease cost were as follows (in thousands):~~

Three Months
Ended

Six Months
Ended

July 31, 2019

July 31, 2019

Operating lease cost
$ 1,509 $ 2,965
Finance lease cost
14 14
Variable lease cost
397 769
Short-term lease cost
66 140
Net lease cost
$ 1,986 $ 3,888

~~Lease term and discount rate were as follows:~~

	~~July 31, 2019~~8.

~~Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)~~
~~All leases~~		~~5.7~~
~~Weighted-average discount rate~~
~~All leases~~		~~6.14~~	%

~~Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to leases were as follows:~~

Six Months
Ended

July 31, 2019

Cash flows related to lease liabilities

Operating cash flows related to operating leases
$ (3,095
)
)
Financing cash flows related to finance leases (11 )
Total cash flows related to lease liabilities
$ (3,106 )

Non-cash items

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
$ 7,696
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities 110
Total non-cash items
$ 7,806

~~Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows as of July 31, 2019 (in millions):~~

Operating

Leases

Within 1 year
$ 5.9
2 years
4.5
3 years
3.0
4 years
2.2
5 years
2.0
Thereafter
5.0
Total lease payments
$ 22.6
Less: Imputed interest
(3.7
)
Present value of lease liabilities
$ 18.9

As of January 31, 2019 future minimum lease payments, as defined under the previous lease accounting guidance of ASC Topic 840, under non-cancelable operating leases for the following five fiscal years and thereafter were as follows (in millions):

2020
$ 5.6
2021
4.6
2022
2.8
2023
1.8
2024
1.5
Thereafter
2.8
Total
$ 19.1

The Company is a lessor for certain office space owned by the Company and leased to others under non-cancelable leases with initial terms ranging from six months to one year. These lease agreements provide for a fixed base rent and automatically renew for periods from six months to one year unless terminated. All leases are considered operating leases. There are no rights to purchase the premises and no residual value guarantees. For the three and six months ended July 31, 2019 the Company received $0.2 and $0.5 million, respectively, of lease income from company-owned locations.

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, were as follows:

Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments

(in thousands)

Balance as of January 31, 2019
$ (7,661
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
35
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—
Net current period other comprehensive income
35
Balance as of July 31, 2019
$ (7,626
)

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2020	$	(8,345	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(1,048	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		0
Net current period other comprehensive loss		(1,048	)
Balance as of July 31, 2020	$	(9,393	)

During the six months ended July 31, 2020 there were 0 reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

~~10.~~9.

INCOME TAXES

In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company calculated income tax expense based on actual quarterly results in each of the second ~~quarter~~ quarters of fiscal ~~year 2020, compared to the prior year where the Company calculated income tax expense based on the estimated annual tax rate. Results~~years 2021 and 2020. These results were adjusted for discrete items recorded during the period. Actual quarterly results ~~are being~~were used in fiscal 2021 and 2020 since they ~~provide~~provided a more reliable estimate of quarterly tax ~~expense given the Company has recorded net losses during the first half of fiscal 2020 and expects to record a net loss for the full fiscal year.~~expense.

The Company recorded income tax expense of ~~$9.9~~$0.4 million and ~~$1.5~~$9.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was ~~(292%)~~88% during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to ~~57%~~(292%) for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a pre-tax profit of $0.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 as compared to a pre-tax loss of $3.4 million in addition to a $10 million valuation allowance that was placed on the net deferred tax assets of the Company’s wholly-owned Irish subsidiary ~~(the “Irish Principal”) and a taxable loss~~ in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020 compared to taxable profits for the same period of fiscal 2019.~~2020. The placement of a valuation allowance resulted in an accounting adjustment of $10 million to income tax expense.

The Company recorded income tax expense of ~~$10.6~~$1.4 million and ~~$2.7~~$10.6 million for the firstsix months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was ~~(180%)~~132% during the firstsix months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to ~~51%~~(180%) for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a pre-tax profit of $1.1 million in the firstsix months of fiscal 2021 compared to a $5.9 million pre-tax loss in addition to a $10 million valuation allowance that was placed on the Company’s wholly-owned Irish ~~Principal’s~~subsidiary’s net deferred tax assets in fiscal 2020.

On March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and ~~a taxable loss for~~Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law. The CARES Act provides additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the firstsix months of fiscal ~~2020 compared to taxable profits for~~year 2021, the ~~same period of fiscal 2019. The placement of a valuation allowance resulted in an accounting adjustment of $10 million to~~Company’s income tax ~~expense.~~provision was not significantly impacted by the CARES Act. The Company will continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as any effects that may result from future legislation.

In July 2020, the U.S. Department of Treasury issued final tax regulations related to foreign-derived intangible income and global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions. Also in July 2020, the U.S. Department of Treasury released final tax regulations that provide certain U.S. taxpayers with an annual election to exclude foreign income that is subject to a high effective tax rate from their GILTI inclusions. The Company is currently assessing the impact of these new regulations to its condensed consolidated financial statements.

When calculating QAD’s income tax expense for the firstsix months of fiscal ~~2020 and fiscal 2019,~~2021, the Company considered the U.S. Tax Cuts and ~~Jobs~~Job Act ~~(“Tax Act”) enacted~~ that was signed into law in December ~~22,~~ 2017. The Company calculated an estimate for ~~global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”)~~GILTI in the Company’s tax expense based on the final GILTI regulations released on June 14, 2019 by the U.S. Department of Treasury. These regulations provide computational, definitional, and anti-avoidance rule guidance relating to the determination of a U.S. shareholder’s GILTI inclusion. In addition, the ~~second quarter~~technical change in depreciation on qualified improvement property enacted in the CARES Act was also considered in the GILTI calculation. In the firstsix months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, cash taxes were not impacted by GILTI since the Company ~~is experiencing~~has experienced losses ~~overseas.~~in foreign jurisdictions.

The Company has elected to treat the deferred taxes related to GILTI provisions as a current-period expense when incurred (the ~~“period~~period cost ~~method”)~~method).

~~The~~At July 31, 2020 and 2019, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $1.3 million ~~at July 31, 2019,~~ including interest and penalties. The unrecognized tax benefits for the firstsix months of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020were reduced by $1 million with an ~~offset to~~accompanying reduction of deferred tax assets, as a result of the netting required under ASU ~~2013-11.~~2013-11. The entire amount of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, will impact the Company’s effective tax rate. This liability is classified as long-term unless the liability is expected to conclude within twelve months of the reporting date.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company ~~has~~ accrued approximately $0.1 million of interest and penalty expense relating to unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company reviews its net deferred tax assets by entity ~~on a quarterly basis~~at each balance sheet date to determine whether a valuation allowance is necessary based on the ~~more-likely-than-not~~more-likely-than-not standard. During the ~~second quarter~~firstsix months of fiscal year ~~2020~~2021 management considered all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance was needed. Management ~~assesses~~assessed the transfer pricing methodology, the historical profits, the economics of the country including the impact of COVID-19 in which the entity operates, the current and future customer base, the type and character of the deferred tax asset and any other current and relevant information by entity to draw its conclusion.

●

For the Irish Principal, the positive evidence was outweighed by the Irish three-year cumulative loss, a fiscal 2020 projected loss, and future earmarked investment necessary to transition the business to cloud. Management concluded that the weight of this negative evidence warranted placing a valuation allowance on the Irish Principal’s net deferred tax assets. A full valuation allowance of $10 million was placed on the Irish Principal’s net deferred tax assets during the second quarter of fiscal 2020.

●

~~A valuation allowance was also placed on South Africa’s net deferred tax assets. The Company plans to liquidate this entity and does not anticipate utilizing its net operating losses.~~

●

~~The valuation allowance on Belgium has been released as management concluded that it is “more likely than not” that Belgium will utilize its net deferred tax assets within the foreseeable future.~~

A valuation allowance has been established for select foreign jurisdictions along with U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets. The following table discloses the Company’s valuation allowance by entity (in millions):

Jurisdiction	July 31, 2019		January 31, 2019		July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
U.S. federal and state	$	26.8	$	24.7	$	32.1	$	30.3
Irish Principal		9.9		-
Ireland						11.9		11.6
Brazil		5.4		5.2		6.2		5.7
Germany		2.7		2.9		2.8		2.6
Hong Kong		1.2		1.2		0.6		0.6
South Africa		0.2		-		0.2		0.2
Belgium		-		0.9
Total valuation allowance	$	46.2	$	34.9	$	53.8	$	51.0

At July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the worldwide valuation allowance attributable to deferred tax assets was $53.8 million and $51.0 million, respectively.

The Company files U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax returns that are subject to audit by various tax authorities. The Company is currently under audit in:

	●	India for fiscal years ended March 31,2010,2013 and ~~2014~~2018
	●	~~Netherlands~~Thailand for fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2016~~2018
	●	Mexico for calendar years ended December 31, 2015, 2016,2017 and 2018

During the fiscal year 2021, the Company closed the following audits with no adjustment:

	●	Germany for fiscal years ended January 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017
	●	~~Switzerland for fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018~~

●

~~Thailand for fiscal year ended January 31, 2017~~

~~During the fiscal year 2020, the Company closed the following audits with an immaterial adjustment:~~

●

~~Tennessee for fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017~~

~~11.~~10.

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends

The following table sets forth the dividends that were declared by the Company during the firstsix months of fiscal ~~2020:~~2021:

Declaration
Date
Record Date
Payable

Dividend
Class A

Dividend
Class B

Amount
(in thousands)

6/24/2019
7/10/2019
7/17/2019

$
0.072

$
0.06

$
1,387

4/9/2019
4/23/2019
5/3/2019

$
0.072

$
0.06

$
1,374

Declaration

Date

Record Date

Payable

Dividend

Class A

Dividend

Class B

Amount

(in thousands)

6/11/2020

6/25/2020

7/7/2020

0.072

0.06

1,448

4/7/2020

4/22/2020

4/29/2020

0.072

0.06

1,431

~~12.~~11.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s equity awards consist of RSUs, PSUs and SARs. For a description of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans, see Note 6 “Stock-Based Compensation” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form ~~10-K~~10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2019.~~

~~Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”)~~

In June 2019, the Company began issuing performance-based stock units (“PSUs”) to select employees. PSUs granted to employees under the 2016 Program are generally released 1/3 after each year of service for three years and are contingent upon employment with the Company and achievement of pre-determined performance objectives. To determine the anticipated achievement of the performance objectives, management must make assumptions regarding the likelihood of the Company meeting those targets. The number of PSUs that vest will be predicated on the Company achieving performance objectives during the measurement period subsequent to the date of grant. Depending on the financial performance levels achieved, a percentage of the PSUs (0% to 200% of the target award) will vest to the grantees of those stock units. There is no guarantee that such PSUs will vest in whole or in part.2020.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table sets forth reported stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~ 2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,				Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Cost of subscription	$	72	$	68	$	142	$	117	$	139	$	72	$	246	$	142
Cost of maintenance and other revenue		132		118		253		210
Cost of maintenance										120		132		229		253
Cost of professional services		359		327		681		553		412		359		749		681
Sales and marketing		575		534		955		936		720		575		1,228		955
Research and development		441		413		868		728		560		441		1,011		868
General and administrative		1,609		1,904		2,593		2,926		2,000		1,609		2,893		2,593
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,188	$	3,364	$	5,492	$	5,470	$	3,951	$	3,188	$	6,356	$	5,492

RSU Information

The estimated fair value of RSUs was calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, reduced by the present value of dividends foregone during the vesting period.

The following table summarizes the activity for RSUs for the six months ended July 31, ~~2019:~~ 2020:

RSUs

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 31, 2019
663 $ 36.64
Granted
261 39.74
Released ⁽¹⁾
(254
)
32.33
Forfeited
(26
)
37.56
Outstanding at July 31, 2019
644 $ 39.55

	RSUs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted stock at January 31, 2020		627		$	39.86
Granted		342			40.27
Released (1)		(246	)		35.75
Forfeited		(10	)		40.64
Restricted stock at July 31, 2020		713		$	41.46

~~(1)~~(1)

The number of RSUs released includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.

The Company withholds a portion of the released shares as consideration for the Company’s payment of applicable employee income taxes. During the three months ended July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, the Company withheld 74,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $3.1 million. During the six months ended July 31, 2020, the Company withheld 76,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $3.2 million. ~~During the six months ended July 31, 2019, the Company withheld 80,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $3.3 million.~~

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs was approximately ~~$24.1~~$27.8 million as of July 31, ~~2019.~~ 2020. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately ~~3.1~~3.0 years.

PSU Information

The estimated fair value of PSUs was calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, reduced by the present value of dividends foregone during the vesting period.

The following table summarizes the activity for PSUs for the six months ended July 31, ~~2019:~~ 2020:

PSUs

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 31, 2019

—

$
—

Granted

93

39.82

Released

—

—

Forfeited

—

—

Outstanding at July 31, 2019

93

$
39.82

	PSUs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Performance stock units at January 31, 2020		90		$	39.82
Granted		93			40.54
Released (1)		(21	)		39.82
Forfeited		(9	)		39.82
Performance stock units at July 31, 2020		153		$	40.26

(1)

The number of PSUs released includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.

The Company withholds a portion of the released shares as consideration for the Company’s payment of applicable employee income taxes. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2020, the Company withheld 8,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $0.3 million.

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs was approximately ~~$3.5~~$3.4 million as of July 31, ~~2019.~~ 2020. This cost is expected to be recognized over a ~~weighted-average~~ period of approximately ~~1.9~~1.4 years.

SAR Information

The following table summarizes the activity for outstanding SARs for the six months ended July 31, ~~2019:~~2020:

SARs
(in
thousands)

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in
thousands)

Outstanding at January 31, 2019
2,533 $ 20.81
Granted
— —
Exercised
(17
)
11.44
Expired
— —
Forfeited
— —
Outstanding at July 31, 2019
2,516 $ 20.87 3.0 $ 55,181
Vested and exercisable at July 31, 2019
2,231 (1) $ 18.38 2.6 $ 53,002

(1) The number of SARs vested and exercisable at July 31, 2019 includes 877,500 Class A and 127,500 Class B shares previously held by Mr. Karl Lopker which were exercised on August 22, 2019 by his estate, prior to their expiration date of August 25, 2019. Exercise prices for these SARs range from $10.50 to $31.65.

	SARs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 31, 2020		1,349		$	24.86
Granted		-			-
Exercised		(201	)		12.92
Expired		-			-
Forfeited		-			-
Outstanding at July 31, 2020		1,148		$	26.96		3.3	$	15,697
Vested and exercisable at July 31, 2020		1,005		$	24.23		3.1	$	15,323

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock based on the last trading day as of July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, and the exercise price for in-the-money SARs) that would have been received by the holders if all SARs had been exercised on July 31, ~~2019.~~ 2020. The total intrinsic value of SARs exercised in the six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~ 2020 was ~~$0.5~~$6.0 million.

The number of SARs exercised includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. During the three months ended July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, the Company withheld ~~2,000~~56,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of ~~$98,000.~~$2.4 million. During the six months ended July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, the Company withheld ~~4,000~~57,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of ~~$0.2~~$2.4 million.

At July 31, ~~2019,~~ 2020, there was approximately ~~$3.4~~$1.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested SARs. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately ~~2.5~~1.7 years.

~~13.~~12.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Indemnifications

The Company sells software licenses and services to its customers under written agreements. Each agreement contains the relevant terms of the contractual arrangement with the customer and generally includes certain provisions for indemnifying the customer against losses, expenses and liabilities from damages that may be awarded against the customer in the event the Company’s software is found to infringe upon certain intellectual property rights of a third party. The agreements generally limit the scope of and remedies for such indemnification obligations in a variety of industry-standard respects.

The Company believes its internal development processes and other policies and practices limit its exposure related to the indemnification provisions of the agreements. For several reasons, including the lack of prior indemnification claims and the lack of a monetary liability limit for certain infringement cases under the agreements, the Company cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.

Legal Actions

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

~~14.~~13.

BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company markets its products and services worldwide, primarily to companies in the manufacturing industry, including automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial products and life sciences industries. The Company sells products and ~~licenses its products~~services through its direct sales force in four geographic regions: North America; Europe, the Middle East and Africa ~~(“EMEA”)~~(EMEA); Asia Pacific; and Latin America and through distributors where third parties can extend sales reach more effectively or efficiently. The North America region includes the United States and Canada. The EMEA region includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The Asia Pacific region includes Asia and ~~Oceania.~~Australia. The Latin America region includes South America, Central America and Mexico. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company reports disaggregated revenue by geography and by industry as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company does not consider reporting by industry an operating segment in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, because discrete financial information by industry is not available. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews the consolidated results within one operating segment.

Subscription, license and maintenance revenues are generally assigned to the region where a majority of end users are located. Professional services revenue is assigned based on the region where the services are delivered.

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,				Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Revenue:
North America (1)	$	36,837	$	39,288	$	74,496	$	79,313	$	38,998	$	36,837	$	76,000	$	74,496
EMEA		22,118		26,906		44,627		51,993		21,379		22,118		43,947		44,627
Asia Pacific		11,751		12,866		23,637		25,425		9,571		11,751		19,213		23,637
Latin America		5,672		5,483		11,653		14,002		4,133		5,672		9,068		11,653
	$	76,378	$	84,543	$	154,413	$	170,733	$	74,081	$	76,378	$	148,228	$	154,413

~~(1)~~(1)

Sales into Canada accounted for 2% of North America total revenue in the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 and for 2% and 3% of North America total revenue in the three and six months ended July 31, 2019, ~~respectively and for 1% and 2% of North America total revenue in the three and six months ended July 31, 2018,~~ respectively.

ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact should be construed as forward looking statements, including statements that are preceded or accompanied by such words as “may,” “believe,” “could,” “anticipate,” “projects,” “estimates,” “will likely result,” “should,” “would,” “might,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend” and words of similar meaning or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions regarding its business, the economy and future conditions. A number of risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors” within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions, expectations and projections only as of the date hereof and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about our business. We undertake no obligation to revise or update or publicly release the results of any revision or update to these forward-looking statements except as required by applicable securities laws. Readers should carefully review the risk factors and other information described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission ~~(“SEC”)~~(SEC).

INTRODUCTION

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2019,~~2020, and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared applying certain critical accounting policies. The SEC defines “critical accounting policies” as those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. Critical accounting policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions that may prove inaccurate or subject to variations and may significantly affect our reported results and financial position for the period or in future periods. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions, or estimates in any of these areas could have a material impact on our future financial condition and results of operations. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and they conform to general practices in our industry. We apply critical accounting policies consistently from period to period and intend that any change in methodology occur in an appropriate manner. Accounting policies currently deemed critical, including a) ~~revenue;~~revenue and b) ~~accounts receivable allowances for doubtful accounts; c) goodwill and intangible assets – impairment assessments; d)~~ income ~~taxes; and e) stock-based compensation~~taxes, are further discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2019.~~2020. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies and estimates as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2019.~~ 2020, except as described in Note 1 “Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements” within the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

QAD ~~Inc. (“QAD”,~~(QAD, the ~~“Company”, “we”~~Company, we or ~~“us”)~~us) is a ~~leading provider of flexible,~~leader in cloud-based enterprise software ~~and services~~solutions for global manufacturing companies. At QAD’s annual user conference in early May, we officially launched our solution portfolio “QAD Adaptive Applications” and our flagship ERP solution “QAD Adaptive ERP” to reflect the value QAD brings to our manufacturing customers. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019, we referred to theseOur solutions, ~~as “QAD Enterprise Applications” or “Enterprise Applications”.~~called QAD Adaptive Applications, support operational requirements in the areas of financials, customer management, supply chain, manufacturing, service and support, analytics, business process management and integration. QAD's portfolio also includes related solutionsare designed specifically for ~~quality management software, supply chain management software, transportation management software and business-to-business interoperability. QAD solutions support customers in the~~ automotive, life sciences, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology and industrial products manufacturers. QAD software offers a full set of core manufacturing enterprise resource planning and ~~life sciences industries~~supply chain planning capabilities. Our architecture, called the QAD Enterprise Platform, allows manufacturers to ~~streamline processes, improve operational performance, comply~~upgrade existing functionality by module, and extend or create new applications, providing manufacturers with ~~regulatory requirements~~the flexibility they need to innovate and ~~meet industry standards.~~rapidly adapt to change.

We have four principal sources of revenue:

~~Subscription of QAD Adaptive Applications through our cloud offering in a Software as a Service (“SaaS”) model as well as other hosted applications;~~

•

Subscription of QAD Adaptive Applications through our cloud offering in a Software as a Service (SaaS) model as well as other hosted applications;

~~License purchases of QAD Adaptive Applications;~~

•

License purchases of QAD Adaptive Applications;

~~Maintenance and support, including technical support, training materials, product enhancements and upgrades; and~~

•

Maintenance and support, including technical support, training materials, product enhancements and upgrades; and

~~Professional services, including implementations, technical and application consulting, training, migrations and upgrades.~~

•

Professional services, including implementations, technical and application consulting, training, migrations and upgrades.

We operate primarily in the following four geographic regions: North America, Latin America, EMEA and Asia Pacific. In the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, approximately ~~48%~~51% of our total revenue was generated in North America, ~~29%~~30% in EMEA, ~~15%~~13% in Asia Pacific and 8%6% in Latin America. The majority of our revenue is generated from global customers who have operations in multiple countries throughout the world. A significant portion of our revenue and expenses are derived from international operations which are primarily conducted in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar have impacted our results of operations and may impact our future results of operations. At July 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we employed approximately ~~1,960~~1,931 employees worldwide, of which ~~630~~628 employees were based in North America, ~~620~~605 employees in EMEA, ~~590~~584 employees in Asia Pacific and ~~120~~114 employees in Latin America.

Our customer base and our target markets are primarily global manufacturing ~~companies; therefore,~~companies. Therefore, our results are heavily influenced by the state of the global manufacturing ~~economy on a global basis.~~economy. As a result, our management team monitors several economic indicators, with particular attention to the Global and Country Purchasing Managers’ Indexes ~~(“PMI”)~~(PMI). The PMI is a survey conducted on a monthly basis by polling businesses that represent the makeup of respective sectors. Since most of our customers are manufacturers, our revenue has historically correlated with fluctuations in the manufacturing PMI. Global macro-economic trends and manufacturing spending are important barometers for our business, and the health of the U.S., Western European and Asian economies have a meaningful impact on our financial results.

We are transitioning our business model from traditional on-premises licensing to cloud-based subscriptions. During fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, we closed most of our new customer deals in the cloud. ~~Subscription revenue grew 15% in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the same period last year and our twelve-month trailing~~On a rolling 12-month basis, subscription billings grew by ~~23%~~17% with a three-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%. ~~In addition,~~To date we have converted approximately ~~15%~~20% of our existing customers from on-premises licenses to our cloud-based solution. Recurring revenue, which we define as subscription revenue plus maintenance revenue, ~~accounted for 72%~~equaled 78% of total revenue for the ~~first six months~~fiscal 2021 second quarter, a five-percentage point increase over 73% of ~~fiscal 2020, compared to 62%~~total revenue for the same period last year. By reducing our customers’ up-front costs and providing QAD Adaptive Applications with continuous application and infrastructure support in secure and resilient environments, we expect our cloud business model will be more attractive than on-premises licenses. We expect recurring revenue to remain a majority of total revenue as our subscription revenue continues to grow.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has impacted our operations during the first six months of fiscal 2021. Our priorities are the health and well-being of our employees, our customers and their respective families and communities in addition to ensuring complete continuity of service for our cloud customers and those customers with implementation or upgrade projects in process. For the first half of fiscal 2021 subscription and maintenance revenue performed as expected given the revenue is recurring in nature. License fees and professional services revenue have been negatively impacted by the global pandemic as our existing customers are not adding users and some of our customers have postponed or extended their services projects and go live dates. We implemented prudent expense management measures during the first half of the year to offset the negative impact of lower license fees and professional services revenue. The increasing contribution from higher margin subscription revenue and the expense control actions we have implemented helped drive an improvement in our profitability in the first half of fiscal 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year. As a result, we reported a pre-tax profit of $1.1 million for the first six months of the year. These expense management measures allow us to maintain a solid financial position which gives us the ability to continue to adapt to changes due to COVID-19.

Our customers are global manufacturers and the closure of manufacturing sites, country borders and the increase in unemployment due to the COVID-19 global pandemic are having and will continue to have negative implications on demand for goods, the supply chain, production of goods and transportation. Furthermore, the future impact to our manufacturing customers depends on the duration and spread of the virus. The negative impact on our manufacturing customers has caused many of them to delay purchasing decisions, postpone services projects, reduce users, request extended payment terms, or request higher discounts. We expect COVID-19 will have a negative impact on our financial results and liquidity in fiscal 2021. While the effects of the pandemic in the short to medium term remain uncertain, our business has a strong cash position with little debt and cash flow remains positive. For these reasons we believe our financial position is solid and our long term strategy is sound.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We operate in several geographical regions as described in Note 1413 “Business Segment Information” within the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In order to present our results of operations without the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we provide certain financial information on a “constant currency basis”, which is in addition to the actual financial information presented in the following tables. In order to calculate our constant currency results, we apply the current foreign currency exchange rates to the prior period results.

Revenue

Three Months
Ended
July 31, 2019

Three Months
Ended
July 31, 2018

Change in
Constant
Currency

Change due
to Currency
Fluctuations

Total Change
as Reported
$

%

(in thousands)

Revenue

Subscription
$ 25,888 $ 22,439 $ 3,726 $ (277
)
$ 3,449 15
%
Percentage of total revenue
34
%
27
%

License
3,516 5,561 (1,963
)
(82
)
(2,045
)
-37
%
Percentage of total revenue
4
%
6
%

Maintenance and other
29,586 30,574 (459
)
(529
)
(988
)
-3
%
Percentage of total revenue
39
%
36
%

Professional services
17,388 25,969 (8,069
)
(512
)
(8,581
)
-33
%
Percentage of total revenue
23
%
31
%

Total revenue
$ 76,378 $ 84,543 $ (6,765
)
$ (1,400
)
$ (8,165
)
-10
%

																			Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency			Total Change as Reported
	Six Months Ended July 31, 2019			Six Months Ended July 31, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations			Total Change as Reported $			%			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Currency			Fluctuations			$			%
(in thousands)
Revenue																																��
Subscription	$	51,194		$	43,950		$	8,105		$	(861	)	$	7,244			16	%	$	31,066		$	25,888		$	5,578		$	(400	)	$	5,178			20	%
Percentage of total revenue		33	%		26	%														42	%		34	%
License		7,982			11,827			(3,476	)		(369	)		(3,845	)		-33	%		3,043			3,516			(416	)		(57	)		(473	)		-13	%
Percentage of total revenue		5	%		7	%														4	%		4	%
Maintenance and other		59,485			62,057			(885	)		(1,687	)		(2,572	)		-4	%
Maintenance																				26,486			29,586			(2,614	)		(486	)		(3,100	)		-10	%
Percentage of total revenue		39	%		36	%														36	%		39	%
Professional services		35,752			52,899			(15,384	)		(1,763	)		(17,147	)		-32	%		13,486			17,388			(3,449	)		(453	)		(3,902	)		-22	%
Percentage of total revenue		23	%		31	%														18	%		23	%
Total revenue	$	154,413		$	170,733		$	(11,640	)	$	(4,680	)	$	(16,320	)		-10	%	$	74,081		$	76,378		$	(901	)	$	(1,396	)	$	(2,297	)		-3	%

	Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency			Total Change as Reported
	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Currency			Fluctuations			$			%
(in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription	$	61,837		$	51,194		$	11,578		$	(935	)	$	10,643			21	%
Percentage of total revenue		42	%		33	%
License		4,264			7,982			(3,527	)		(191	)		(3,718	)		-47	%
Percentage of total revenue		3	%		5	%
Maintenance		52,894			59,485			(5,352	)		(1,239	)		(6,591	)		-11	%
Percentage of total revenue		36	%		39	%
Professional services		29,233			35,752			(5,488	)		(1,031	)		(6,519	)		-18	%
Percentage of total revenue		19	%		23	%
Total revenue	$	148,228		$	154,413		$	(2,789	)	$	(3,396	)	$	(6,185	)		-4	%

Total Revenue. On a constant currency basis, total revenue was ~~$76.4~~$74.1 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$6.7~~$0.9 million, or 8%1%, decrease from ~~$83.1~~$75.0 million for the same period last year. ~~The primary reason for the decrease in~~When comparing categories within total revenue ~~was due to lower professional services revenue. Our~~at constant rates, our results for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020 also~~2021 included decreases in professional services, license ~~revenue~~ and maintenance and other revenue. As our existing customers convert from on-premises licenses to using our software in the cloud, we expect license revenue and maintenance and other revenue will continue to decline. These decreases werepartially offset by ~~a 17%~~an increase in ~~subscription revenue, on a constant currency basis, as we are focused on selling our software solutions to new customers in the cloud.~~subscription. Revenue outside the North America region as a percentage of total revenue was ~~52%~~47% and ~~53%~~52% for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. On a constant currency basis, total revenue decreased in our ~~North~~Latin America, EMEA, and Asia Pacific regions and ~~was flat~~increased in our ~~Latin~~North America region during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the same period in the prior year.

On a constant currency basis, total revenue was ~~$154.4~~$148.2 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing ~~an $11.7~~a $2.8 million, or 7%2%, decrease from ~~$166.1~~$151.0 million for the same period last year. When comparing categories within total revenue at constant currency rates, our results for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the prior year included decreases in professional services, license and maintenance ~~and other~~ partially offset by an increase in subscription. Revenue outside the North America region as a percentage of total revenue was ~~52%~~49% and ~~53%~~52% for the first six months of ~~both~~ fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. On a constant currency basis, total revenue decreased ~~across all~~in our Asia Pacific region, remained consistent in our Latin America region, and increased in our North America and EMEA regions during the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the prior year.

Our products are sold to manufacturing companies that operate mainly in the following six industries: automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial products and life sciences. Given the similarities between consumer products and food and beverage as well as between high technology and industrial products, we aggregate them for management review. The following table presents revenue by industry for the three and six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:

Three months ended
July 31,

Six months ended
July 31,

2019

2018

2019

2018

Automotive
35
%
41
%
36
%
42
%
Consumer products and food and beverage
16
%
16
%
16
%
16
%
High technology and industrial products
35
%
30
%
34
%
29
%
Life sciences and other
14
%
13
%
14
%
13
%
Total revenue
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%

	Three months ended July 31,						Six months ended July 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Automotive		30	%		35	%		31	%		36	%
Consumer products and food and beverage		18	%		16	%		17	%		16	%
High technology and industrial products		36	%		35	%		36	%		34	%
Life sciences and other		16	%		14	%		16	%		14	%
Total revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

The decrease in percentage of revenue by industry for automotive isin the second quarter and the first half of fiscal 2021 compared to the same periods last year primarily relates to lower professional services revenue. The prior year periods included several large services implementation projects in the automotive industry. Conversely, the percentage increase for high technology and industrial products primarily related to ~~a reduction~~an increase in professional services revenue ~~following the completion of a~~due to an on-going large, multisite global implementation project for ~~a customer in the automotive industry that was substantially completed at the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.~~an industrial products customer.

Subscription Revenue. Subscription revenue consists of recurring fees from customers to access our products via the cloud and other subscription offerings. Our cloud offerings typically include access to QAD software, hosting, application support, maintenance support and product updates, if and when available. Included in subscription revenue are one-time set up fees for technical services such as configuration of the database and access to the environment.

On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue was ~~$25.9~~$31.1 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$3.7~~$5.6 million, or ~~17%~~22%, increase from ~~$22.2~~$25.5 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue increased across all regions during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the same period last year. One of the metrics that management uses to monitor subscription performance is the number of new cloud deals that have been signed in the period. In the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 we closed 2422 new cloud deals, including 1311 new cloud customers and 11 conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses. This compared to the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 when we closed 1124 new cloud deals, including ~~six~~13 new cloud customers and ~~five~~11 conversions from existing customers who previously ~~purchased on-premises licenses.~~were running our solutions on-premises. The increase in subscription revenue consists of new customer ~~sites;~~sites, existing ~~Adaptive Applications users~~customers converting from ~~on-premises;~~on-premises, and additional users and modules purchased by our existing cloud customers.

On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue was ~~$51.2~~$61.8 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing an ~~$8.1~~$11.5 million, or ~~19%~~23%, increase from ~~$43.1~~$50.3 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue increased across all regions during the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the prior year. In the first six months of fiscal 2021 we closed 35 new cloud deals, including 19 new cloud customers and 16 conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses. This compared to the first six months of fiscal 2020 when we closed 39 new cloud deals, including 18 new cloud customers and 21 conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses. This compared to the first six months of fiscal 2019 when we closed 29 new cloud deals, including 19 new cloud customers and ten conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses.

We track our retention rate of subscription ~~and maintenance~~ by calculating the annualized revenue of customer sites with contracts up for renewal at the beginning of the period compared to the annualized revenue associated with the customer sites that have canceled during the period. The percentage of revenue not canceled is our retention rate. ~~Conversions to the cloud are not considered cancellations for purposes of the maintenance retention calculation. Both our~~Our subscription ~~and maintenance~~ customer retention ~~rates are~~rate is in excess of 90%.

The following table presents subscription revenue by region for the three and six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:

Three months ended
July 31,

Six months ended
July 31,

2019

2018

2019

2018

North America
57
%
55
%
56
%
56
%
EMEA
25
%
27
%
26
%
26
%
Asia Pacific
11
%
13
%
12
%
13
%
Latin America
7
%
5
%
6
%
5
%
Total subscription revenue
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%

	Three months ended July 31,						Six months ended July 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
North America		58	%		57	%		58	%		56	%
EMEA		27	%		25	%		27	%		26	%
Asia Pacific		9	%		11	%		9	%		12	%
Latin America		6	%		7	%		6	%		6	%
Total subscription revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

The following table presents subscription revenue by industry for the three and six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:

Three months ended
July 31,

Six months ended
July 31,

2019

2018

2019

2018

Automotive
38
%
33
%
36
%
34
%
Consumer products and food and beverage
15
%
18
%
16
%
18
%
High technology and industrial products
27
%
24
%
26
%
24
%
Life sciences and other
20
%
25
%
22
%
24
%
Total subscription revenue
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%

	Three months ended July 31,						Six months ended July 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Automotive		34	%		38	%		35	%		36	%
Consumer products and food and beverage		15	%		15	%		15	%		16	%
High technology and industrial products		28	%		27	%		28	%		26	%
Life sciences and other		23	%		20	%		22	%		22	%
Total subscription revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

License Revenue. License revenue is derived from software license fees that customers pay for our core product, QAD Adaptive Applications, and any add-on modules they purchase. Our revenue mix has continued to shift from license to subscription revenue as a result of our business model transition as more new customers subscribe to our cloud-based offerings rather than purchase traditional on-premises licenses. While we expect license revenue to decline over time, we do continue to experience quarterly fluctuations.

On a constant currency basis, license revenue was ~~$3.5~~$3.0 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$2.0~~$0.5 million, or ~~36%~~14%, decrease from ~~$5.5~~$3.5 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, license revenue decreased in ~~all~~ our Latin America, EMEA and Asia Pacific regions and increased in our North America region during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the same period last year. During the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020, one customer~~2021, two customers placed ~~one~~ license ~~order totaling more than $0.3 million and no customers placed~~ orders totaling more than $1$0.1 million, one of which exceeded $1.0 million. This compared to the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 in which ~~two~~four customers placed license orders totaling more than ~~$0.3~~$0.1 million, ~~and no customers placed orders totaling more than $1~~one of which exceeded $0.5 million. The majority of our license revenue ~~is generated~~has come from additional users and module purchases from our existing customers.

On a constant currency basis, license revenue was ~~$8.0~~$4.3 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a $3.5 million, or ~~30%~~45%, decrease from ~~$11.5~~$7.8 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, license revenue decreased in all our regions during the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the same period last year. During the first six months of fiscal 2021, one customer placed a license order totaling more than $1.0 million and no other customer orders exceeded $0.3 million. This compared to the first six months of fiscal 2020 in which two customers placed license orders totaling more than $0.3 million, ~~and~~ one ~~order exceeded $1 million. This compared to the first six months~~ of ~~fiscal 2019 in~~ which ~~five customers placed license orders totaling more than $0.3 million and one order~~ exceeded $1.0 million.

Maintenance ~~and Other Revenue~~. We offer support services 24 hours a day, seven days a week in addition to providing software upgrades, which include additional or improved functionality, when and if available.

On a constant currency basis, maintenance ~~and other~~ revenue was ~~$29.6~~$26.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$0.4~~$2.6 million, or 1%9%, decrease from ~~$30.0~~$29.1 million ~~from~~for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, maintenance ~~and other~~ revenue decreased in our North America, ~~region, remained flat in our Latin America~~EMEA, and Asia Pacific regions and increased in our ~~EMEA~~Latin America region during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the same period last year. The decrease in maintenance ~~and other~~ revenue period over period is primarily due to continued conversions of existing customers’ on-premises licenses to cloud ~~subscriptions.~~subscriptions, in addition to our historical attrition rates. When customers convert to the cloud they no longer pay for maintenance as those support services are included as a component of the subscription offering. Though we continue to see renewal rates above 90%, conversions from on-premises licenses to ~~cloud~~cloud-based solutions have resulted in decreases in maintenance revenue and we expect this trend to continue in the future.

We track our maintenance retention rate by calculating the annualized revenue of customer sites with contracts up for renewal at the beginning of the period compared to the annualized revenue associated with the customer sites that have canceled during the period. The percentage of revenue not canceled is our retention rate. Conversions to the cloud are not considered cancellations for purposes of this calculation. Our maintenance retention rate has remained in excess of 90%.

On a constant currency basis, maintenance ~~and other~~ revenue was ~~$59.5~~$52.9 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$0.9~~$5.3 million, or 1%9%, decrease from ~~$60.4~~$58.2 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, maintenance ~~and other~~ revenue decreased in our North America, EMEA, and ~~Latin America regions, remained flat in our~~ Asia Pacific ~~region~~regions, and increased in our ~~EMEA~~Latin America region during the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the prior year. The decrease in maintenance and other revenue period over period is primarily due to conversions to the cloud, in addition to our historical attrition rates.

Professional Services Revenue. Our professional services business includes technical and application consulting in addition to training, implementations, migrations and upgrades related to our solutions. Although our professional services are optional, our customers use these services when planning, implementing or upgrading our solutions whether in the cloud or on-premises. Professional services revenue growth is contingent upon subscription ~~and license~~ revenue growth and customer upgrade cycles, which are influenced by the strength of general economic and business conditions.

On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue was ~~$17.4~~$13.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing ~~an $8.1~~a $3.4 million, or ~~32%~~20%, decrease from ~~$25.5~~$16.9 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue decreased inacross all ~~our~~ regions during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the same period last year. The ~~prior year includes~~decrease primarily related to a reduction in professional services revenue ~~related to~~following the completion of a large, multisite global implementation project ~~that was substantially completed at~~in fiscal 2020. In addition, the ~~end~~decrease in professional services revenue can be attributed to fewer engagements and a lower amount of professional services revenue per customer. We continue to see delays or elongation of projects due to the ~~fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.~~global pandemic COVID-19. In addition, our strategy is to outsource more professional services to our partners. We expect our professional services strategy to result in outsourcing or referring services projects to our partners, which may negatively impact our professional services revenue.

On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue was ~~$35.8~~$29.2 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$15.3~~$5.5 million, or ~~30%~~16%, decrease from ~~$51.1~~$34.7 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue decreased in all regions during the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 when compared to the prior year. The decrease primarily related to a reduction in professional services revenue following the completion of a large, multisite global implementation ~~project.~~project in fiscal 2020. In addition, the decrease related to fewer engagements and a lower amount of professional services revenue per customer.

Total Cost of Revenue

																		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Change in			Change due		Total Change as Reported
	Three Months Ended July 31, 2019			Three Months Ended July 31, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations		Total Change as Reported $			%			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency			to Currency Fluctuations		$			%
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Cost of subscription	$	9,903		$	8,334		$	(1,600	)	$	31	$	(1,569	)		-19	%	$	10,739		$	9,903		$	(900	)	$	64	$	(836	)		-8	%
Cost of license		554			574			18			2		20			3	%		565			554			(17	)		6		(11	)		-2	%
Cost of maintenance and other		7,459			7,774			233			82		315			4	%
Cost of maintenance																			6,413			7,459			892			154		1,046			14	%
Cost of professional services		18,116			23,754			5,215			423		5,638			24	%		13,106			18,116			4,586			424		5,010			28	%
Total cost of revenue	$	36,032		$	40,436		$	3,866		$	538	$	4,404			11	%	$	30,823		$	36,032		$	4,561		$	648	$	5,209			14	%
Percentage of revenue		47	%		48	%													42	%		47	%

																		Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Change in			Change due		Total Change as Reported
	Six Months Ended July 31, 2019			Six Months Ended July 31, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations		Total Change as Reported $			%			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency			to Currency Fluctuations		$			%
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Cost of subscription	$	19,320		$	16,562		$	(2,861	)	$	103	$	(2,758	)		-17	%	$	21,087		$	19,320		$	(1,890	)	$	123	$	(1,767	)		-9	%
Cost of license		1,145			1,238			90			3		93			8	%		966			1,145			172			7		179			16	%
Cost of maintenance and other		15,062			15,639			288			289		577			4	%
Cost of maintenance																			13,157			15,062			1,591			314		1,905			13	%
Cost of professional services		37,439			48,064			9,184			1,441		10,625			22	%		28,038			37,439			8,406			995		9,401			25	%
Total cost of revenue	$	72,966		$	81,503		$	6,701		$	1,836	$	8,537			10	%	$	63, 248		$	72,966		$	8,279		$	1,439	$	9,718			13	%
Percentage of revenue		47	%		48	%													43	%		47	%

Total cost of revenue consists of cost of subscription, cost of license, cost of maintenance ~~and other~~ and cost of professional services. Cost of subscription includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and other personnel expenses of our cloud operations employees; stock-based compensation for those employees; ~~third-party contractor expense, third-party~~ hosting and hardware costs; third-party contractor expense; royalties; professional fees; travel expense; and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs. Cost of license includes license royalties and amortization of capitalized software costs. Cost of maintenance ~~and other~~ includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and other personnel expenses of our support group, stock-based compensation for those employees, travel expense, professional fees and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs. Cost of professional services includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and other personnel expenses of our services employees, stock-based compensation for those employees, third-party contractor expense, travel expense and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

Total Cost of Revenue.On a constant currency basis, total cost of revenue was ~~$36.0~~$30.8 million and ~~$39.9~~$35.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, and as a percentage of total revenue was ~~47%~~42% and ~~48%~~47% in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The non-currency related decrease in cost of revenue of ~~$3.9~~$4.6 million, or ~~10%~~13%, in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to lower professional services ~~third-party contractor~~salaries and related costs resulting from a decrease in headcount of 96 people within services and lower travel costs associated with decreased professional ~~services~~service revenue partially offset by higher hosting costs ~~and salaries and related costs~~ associated with the increase in subscription ~~revenue.~~revenue and higher subscription salaries and related costs resulting from an increase in headcount of 34 people within cloud support.

On a constant currency basis, total cost of revenue was ~~$73.0~~$63.2 million and ~~$79.7~~$71.5 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, and as a percentage of total revenue was ~~47%~~43% and ~~48%~~47% for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The non-currency related decrease in cost of revenue of ~~$6.7~~$8.3 million, or 8%12%, infor the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to lower professional services ~~third-party contractor~~salaries and related costs resulting from a decrease in headcount of 96 people within services and lower travel costs associated with decreased ~~services~~professional service revenue partially offset by higher hosting costs ~~and salaries and related costs~~ associated with the increase in subscription ~~revenue.~~revenue and higher subscription salaries and related costs resulting from an increase in headcount of 34 people within cloud support.

Cost of Subscription. On a constant currency basis, cost of subscription was ~~$9.9~~$10.7 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$1.6~~$0.9 million, or ~~19%~~9%, increase from ~~$8.3~~$9.8 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in cost of subscription of ~~$1.6~~$0.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to ~~higher hosting costs of $0.7 million, higher third-party contractor costs of $0.3 million and~~ higher salaries and related costs of ~~$0.3~~$0.4 million, as a result of additional headcount of ~~21 people.~~34 people, and higher hosting costs of $0.3 million. Cost of subscription as a percentage of subscription revenue was ~~38%~~35% and ~~37%~~38% in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. We continue to focus on improving our subscription margins over time due to leveraging ongoing economies of scale and implementing operational efficiencies. We have experienced and may experience in the future quarterly fluctuations in our subscription margins as we make investments in our data centers and cloud operations to support future growth. Our strategic investments in cloud growth may not match the timing of revenue increases.

On a constant currency basis, cost of subscription was ~~$19.3~~$21.1 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2019,~~2021, representing a ~~$2.8~~$1.9 million, or ~~17%~~10%, increase from ~~$16.5~~$19.2 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in cost of subscription of ~~$2.8~~$1.9 million infor the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to higher hosting costs of ~~$1.3~~$1.0 million and higher salaries and related costs of $0.7 million, as a result of additional headcount of 21 people, lower cross-charges to professional services to support conversions and upgrade projects of $0.4 million, higher third-party contractor costs of $0.2 million and higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 million.34 people. Cost of subscription as a percentage of subscription revenue was 34% and 38% infor the first six months of ~~both~~ fiscal 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019.~~respectively.

Cost of License. On a constant currency basis, cost of license was $0.6 million for the second quarter of both fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019. A majority of~~2020. The changes in cost of license ~~was~~in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2020 consisted of lower license royalty expense ~~which~~of $0.1 million offset by higher amortization of capitalized software costs of $0.1 million. License royalty expense as a percent of license revenue remained relatively consistent year over year.

On a constant currency basis, cost of license was ~~$1.1~~$1.0 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a $0.1 million, or ~~8%,~~9% decrease from ~~$1.2~~$1.1 million for the same period last year. ~~A majority of~~The non-currency related decrease in cost of license of $0.1 million in the first six months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal 2020 was due to lower license royalty expense ~~which~~of $0.3 million partially offset by higher amortization of capitalized software costs of $0.2 million. License royalty expense as a percent of license revenue remained relatively consistent year over year.

Cost of ~~Maintenance and Other.~~Maintenance. On a constant currency basis, cost of maintenance ~~and other~~ was ~~$7.5~~$6.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$0.2~~$0.9 million, or 3%12%, decrease from ~~$7.7~~$7.3 million for the same period last year. ~~Expense categories within~~The non-currency related decrease in cost of maintenance ~~and other were relatively consistent for~~of $0.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2020 ~~compared~~was primarily due to ~~the same period last year.~~lower salaries and related costs of $0.5 million, as a result of lower headcount of 16 people, lower maintenance royalties of $0.2 million and a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 million. Cost of maintenance ~~and other~~ as a percentage of maintenance ~~and other~~ revenue was 24% and 25% in ~~each of~~ the second ~~quarters~~quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019.~~respectively.

On a constant currency basis, cost of maintenance ~~and other~~ was ~~$15.1~~$13.2 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$0.3~~$1.5 million, or 2%10%, decrease from ~~$15.4~~$14.7 million for the same period last year. ~~Expense categories within~~The non-currency related decrease in cost of maintenance of $1.5 million in the first six months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower salaries and ~~other were relatively consistent~~related costs of $0.9 million, as a result of lower headcount of 16 people, lower maintenance royalties of $0.3 million and a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 million. Cost of maintenance as a percentage of maintenance revenue was 25% for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020 compared to the same period last year. Cost of maintenance~~2021 and ~~other as a percentage of maintenance and other revenue was 25% in each of the first six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019.~~2020.

Cost of Professional Services. On a constant currency basis, cost of professional services was ~~$18.1~~$13.1 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$5.2~~$4.6 million, or ~~22%~~26%, decrease from ~~$23.3~~$17.7 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of professional services of ~~$5.2~~$4.6 million in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to ~~lower third-party contractor costs of $3.1 million, lower travel expense of $1.3 million, lower cross-charges from other departments to support conversion and upgrade projects of $0.5 million,~~ lower salaries and related costs of ~~$0.4~~$2.0 million, as a result of ~~a decrease in~~lower headcount of 1096 people, lower travel expenses of $1.3 million, a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.5 million, lower bonuses of $0.3 million, ~~partially offset by higher~~lower severance of ~~$0.5~~$0.3 million and lower third-party contractor costs of $0.3 million. Cost of professional services as a percentage of professional services revenues was ~~104%~~97% and ~~91%~~104% for the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our professional services strategy has been to grow our partner network, perform more services via third party consulting and ~~2019, respectively.~~perform more services remotely. As a result, we have reduced headcount year over year.

On a constant currency basis, cost of professional services was ~~$37.4~~$28.0 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing ~~a $9.2~~an $8.4 million, or ~~20%~~23%, decrease from ~~$46.6~~$36.4 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of professional services of ~~$9.2~~$8.4 million infor the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to ~~lower third-party contractor costs of $5.7 million, lower travel expense of $2.1 million, lower cross-charges from other departments to support conversion and upgrade projects of $0.9 million,~~ lower salaries and related costs of ~~$0.4~~$4.1 million, as a result of ~~a decrease in~~lower headcount of 1096 people, ~~and~~lower travel expenses of $2.1 million, lower bonuses of $0.8 million, a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.7 million, lower severance of $0.5 million ~~partially offset by higher severance~~and lower third-party contractor costs of ~~$0.6~~$0.2 million. Cost of professional services as a percentage of professional services revenues was ~~105%~~96% and ~~91%~~105% for the first six months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our professional services strategy has been to grow our partner network, perform more services via third party consulting and ~~2019, respectively.~~perform more services remotely. As a result, we have reduced headcount year over year.

Sales and Marketing

																		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Change in		Change due		Total Change as Reported
	Three Months Ended July 31, 2019			Three Months Ended July 31, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations		Total Change as Reported $			%			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency		to Currency Fluctuations		$		%
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	20,191		$	19,502		$	(957	)	$	268	$	(689	)		-4	%	$	17,420		$	20,191		$	2,531	$	240	$	2,771		14	%
Percentage of revenue		26	%		23	%													23	%		26	%

	Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Change in		Change due		Total Change as Reported
	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency		to Currency Fluctuations		$		%
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	35,977		$	41,082		$	4,472	$	633	$	5,105		12	%
Percentage of revenue		24	%		27	%

Six Months
Ended
July 31, 2019

Six Months
Ended
July 31, 2018

Change in
Constant
Currency

Change due
to Currency
Fluctuations

Total Change
as Reported
$

%

(in thousands)

Sales and marketing
$ 41,082 $ 39,448 $ (2,466
)
$ 832 $ (1,634
)
-4
%
Percentage of revenue
27
%
23
%

Sales and marketing expense includes salaries, benefits, commissions, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel expense and other personnel costs of our sales and marketing employees in addition to costs of programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as trade shows, user group events, lead generation, advertising and various sales and promotional programs. Sales and marketing expense also includes sales agent fees and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

On a constant currency basis, sales and marketing expense was ~~$20.2~~$17.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$1.0~~$2.6 million, or 5%13%, ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$19.2~~$20.0 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related ~~increase~~decrease in sales and marketing expense of ~~$1.0~~$2.6 million in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to lower travel expenses of $1.5 million, lower customer conference costs of $0.7 million, lower sales agent fees of $0.3 million, lower professional fees of $0.2 million and lower marketing costs of $0.2 million. The global pandemic resulted in savings from a significant reduction in travel and the cancellation of QAD’s Explore annual customer conference in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021.

On a constant currency basis, sales and marketing expense was $36.0 million for the first six months of fiscal 2021, representing a $4.4 million, or 11%, decrease from $40.4 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in sales and marketing expense of $4.4 million for the first six months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower travel expenses of $2.5 million, lower customer conference costs of $0.7 million, lower severance of $0.7 million, lower bonuses of $0.5 million, lower commissions of $0.3 million, lower professional fees of $0.3 million and lower marketing costs of $0.3 million partially offset by higher salaries and related costs of $0.4 million, ~~as a result~~higher stock-based compensation of ~~additional headcount of 31 people, higher marketing expense of~~ $0.3 ~~million, higher travel expense of $0.2~~ million and a higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 ~~million partially offset lower bonuses~~million. The global pandemic resulted in savings from a significant reduction in travel and the cancellation of $0.3 million. Sales and marketing expenses benefitted $0.7 million from moving 30 order processing employees to general and administrative expense. If this move did not occur, sales and marketing salaries and related costs would have been $1.1 million higher than last year as a result of additional headcount of 61 employees.

~~On a constant currency basis, sales and marketing expense was $41.1 million for~~QAD’s Explore annual customer conference in the ~~first six months~~second quarter of fiscal 2020, representing a $2.5 million, or 6%, increase from $38.6 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in sales and marketing expense of $2.5 million in the first six months of fiscal 2020 compared to the first six months of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to higher salaries and related costs of $1.1 million, as a result of additional headcount of 31 people, higher severance of $0.4 million, a higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.4 million, higher marketing expense of $0.3 million, higher recruiting expense of $0.3 million and higher travel expense of $0.2 million partially offset by lower commissions of $0.3 million and lower bonuses of $0.3 million. Sales and marketing expenses benefitted $1.3 million from moving 30 order processing employees to general and administrative expense during the first half of fiscal 2020. If this move did not occur, sales and marketing salaries and related costs would have been $2.4 million higher than last year ~~as a result of additional headcount of 61 employees.~~2021.

Research and Development

																		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Change in		Change due		Total Change as Reported
	Three Months Ended July 31, 2019			Three Months Ended July 31, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations		Total Change as Reported $			%			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency		to Currency Fluctuations		$		%
(in thousands)
Research and development	$	13,870		$	13,513		$	(583	)	$	226	$	(357	)		-3	%	$	13,161		$	13,870		$	575	$	134	$	709		5	%
Percentage of revenue		18	%		16	%													18	%		18	%

																		Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Change in		Change due		Total Change as Reported
	Six Months Ended July 31, 2019			Six Months Ended July 31, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations		Total Change as Reported $			%			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency		to Currency Fluctuations		$		%
(in thousands)
Research and development	$	27,857		$	27,519		$	(982	)	$	644	$	(338	)		-1	%	$	27,178		$	27,857		$	280	$	399	$	679		2	%
Percentage of revenue		18	%		16	%													18	%		18	%

Research and development is expensed as incurred and consists primarily of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel expense and other personnel costs for research and development employees in addition to professional services, such as fees paid to software development firms and independent contractors. Research and development expense includes an allocation of information technology and facilities costs, and is reduced by capitalized localization and translation costs.

On a constant currency basis, research and development expense was ~~$13.9~~$13.2 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$0.6~~$0.5 million, or 5%4%, ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$13.3~~$13.7 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related ~~increase~~decrease in research and development expense of ~~$0.6~~$0.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to ~~higher salaries and related costs~~a payroll tax credit of ~~$0.3~~$0.5 million, ~~and higher~~lower cross-charges from other departments of ~~$0.3~~$0.2 million ~~to support the development~~and lower travel expenses of ~~advanced technologies in the areas~~$0.2 million partially offset by higher bonuses of ~~robotic process automation, machine learning and the industrial internet of things (“IoT”).~~$0.2 million.

On a constant currency basis, research and development expense was ~~$27.9~~$27.2 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, representing a ~~$1.0~~$0.3 million, or 4%1%, ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$26.9~~$27.5 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related ~~increase~~decrease in research and development expense of ~~$1.0~~$0.3 million in the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to a payroll tax credit of $0.5 million, lower travel expenses of $0.3 million and lower third-party contractor costs of $0.2 million partially offset by higher salaries and related costs of ~~$0.6~~$0.5 million as a result of higher ~~third-party contractor~~headcount of 30 people and a higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of ~~$0.3 million and higher cross-charges from other departments of $0.3 million to support the development of advanced technologies.~~$0.2 million.

General and Administrative

	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Change in			Change due		Total Change as Reported
	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency			to Currency Fluctuations		$		%
(in thousands)
General and administrative	$	10,299		$	10,392		$	(11	)	$	104	$	93		1	%
Percentage of revenue		14	%		14	%

																		Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Change in			Change due		Total Change as Reported
	Six Months Ended July 31, 2019			Six Months Ended July 31, 2018			Change in Constant Currency			Change due to Currency Fluctuations		Total Change as Reported $			%			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			Constant Currency			to Currency Fluctuations		$			%
(in thousands)
General and administrative	$	19,810		$	18,728		$	(1,366	)	$	284	$	(1,082	)		-6	%	$	20,316		$	19,810		$	(756	)	$	250	$	(506	)		-3	%
Percentage of revenue		13	%		11	%													14	%		13	%

General and administrative expense includes salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel expense and other personnel costs related to our finance, human resources, legal and executive personnel. General and administrative expense also includes personnel costs of order processing, professional fees for accounting and legal services, bad debt expense and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

On a constant currency basis, general and administrative expense was ~~$10.4~~$10.3 million for both the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020. The non-currency related changes in general and administrative expense in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2020 were primarily due to lower severance of $0.1 million, lower travel expenses of $0.1 million, lower professional fees of $0.1 million and lower bad debt expense of $0.1 million offset by higher stock-based compensation of $0.4 million due to equity awards issued at higher stock prices.

On a constant currency basis, general and administrative expense was $20.3 million for the first six months of fiscal 2021, representing a ~~$1.1~~$0.7 million, or ~~12%,~~4% increase from ~~$9.3~~$19.6 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in general and administrative expense of ~~$1.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to higher salaries and related costs of~~ $0.7 million, as a result of moving our order processing employees from sales and marketing expense to general and administrative expense, a higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.3 million, higher severance of $0.2 million and higher professional fees of $0.2 million partially offset by lower stock compensation expense of $0.3 million.

On a constant currency basis, general and administrative expense was $19.8 million for the first six months of fiscal 2020, representing a $1.4 million, or 8%, increase from $18.4 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in general and administrative expense of $1.4 million in the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to the first six months of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was primarily due to higher ~~salaries and related costs~~bad debt expense of ~~$1.5~~$0.4 million, ~~primarily as a result~~higher stock-based compensation of ~~moving our order processing employees from sales and marketing expense to general and administrative expense,~~$0.3 million and a higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of ~~$0.3~~$0.2 million partially offset by lower ~~stock compensation expense~~travel expenses of $0.3 million. The Company increased its bad debt reserve to provide for the global economic downturn associated with COVID-19.

Amortization of Intangibles from Acquisitions

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions was ~~$66,000~~$65,000 and ~~zero~~$129,000 in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal ~~2020 and 2019, respectively,~~2021, respectively; compared to $66,000 and $133,000 in the second quarter and ~~zero for the~~ first six months of fiscal 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. Amortization expense for ~~the second quarter~~fiscal 2021 and ~~the first six months of fiscal~~ 2020 was ~~related~~due to the intangible assets acquired during fiscal 2019.

Total Other Expense (Income) ~~Expense~~

Three Months
Ended

Increase (Decrease)
Compared
to Prior Period

Three Months
Ended

July 31, 2019
$
%

July 31, 2018

(in thousands)

Other (income) expense

Interest income
$ (789
)
$ (46
)
-6
%
$ (743
)
Interest expense
148 (6
)
-4
%
154
Other income, net
(154
)
115 43
%
(269
)
Total other income, net
$ (795
)
$ 63 7
%
$ (858
)
Percentage of revenue
-1
%
-1
%

	Six Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period					Three Months Ended
	July 31, 2019			$			%			July 31, 2018			July 31, 2020			$		%			July 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Other (income) expense
Interest income	$	(1,513	)	$	(246	)		-19	%	$	(1,267	)	$	(213	)	$	576		73	%	$	(789	)
Interest expense		301			(10	)		-3	%		311			155			7		5	%		148
Other income, net		(326	)		347			52	%		(673	)
Total other income, net	$	(1,538	)	$	91			6	%	$	(1,629	)
Other expense (income), net														1,871			2,025		1,315	%		(154	)
Total other expense (income), net													$	1,813		$	2,608		328	%	$	(795	)
Percentage of revenue		-1	%								-1	%		2	%							-1	%

	Six Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period					Six Months Ended
	July 31, 2020			$		%			July 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Interest income	$	(649	)	$	864		57	%	$	(1,513	)
Interest expense		305			4		1	%		301
Other expense (income), net		639			965		296	%		(326	)
Total other expense (income), net	$	295		$	1,833		119	%	$	(1,538	)
Percentage of revenue		0	%							-1	%

Total other ~~income,~~expense (income), net was ~~$0.8~~$1.8 million and ~~$0.9~~$(0.8) million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. ~~Other~~The change in net other expense (income) ~~expense categories within total other~~was primarily related to higher foreign exchange losses of $2.1 million and lower interest income ~~net were relatively consistent for~~of $0.6 million partially offset by the ~~second quarter~~favorable change in fair value of ~~fiscal 2020 compared to~~ the ~~same period last year.~~ credit swap of $0.2 million. The U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies exchange rates in the countries where we conduct business have fluctuated significantly since the onset of the global pandemic COVID-19, most notably versus the euro and Mexican peso. Interest rates have also declined substantially resulting in lower interest income earned on our cash and equivalents.

Total other ~~income,~~expense (income), net was ~~$1.5~~$0.3 million and ~~$1.6~~$(1.5) million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The change in net other expense (income) ~~expense~~ was primarily related to ~~the unfavorable change in the fair market value~~higher foreign exchange losses of ~~the interest rate swap associated with the mortgage on our headquarters of $0.4~~$0.9 million ~~partially offset by higher~~and lower interest income of ~~$0.2~~$0.9 million.

Interest rate swap valuations and foreign exchange gains and losses are subject to changes which are inherently unpredictable. Our interest rate swap is accounted for using mark-to-market accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap each reporting period are adjusted through earnings, subjecting us to non-cash volatility in our results of operations. The swap fixes the interest rate on our mortgage to 4.31% over the entire term of the mortgage and effectively lowered our interest rate from the previous mortgage rate of 6.5%. Although the agreement allows us to prepay the loan and exit the agreement early, we have no intention of doing so. As a result, we will have non-cash adjustments through earnings each reporting period. Over the term of the mortgage, however, the net impact of these mark-to-market adjustments on earnings will be zero.

Income Tax Expense

	Three Months Ended			Increase Compared to Prior Period					Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Three Months Ended
	July 31, 2019			$		%			July 31, 2018			July 31, 2020			$			%			July 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	9,872		$	8,401		571	%	$	1,471		$	440		$	(9,432	)		-96	%	$	9,872
Percentage of revenue		13	%							2	%		1	%								13	%
Effective tax rate		-292	%							57	%		88	%								-292	%

	Six Months Ended			Increase Compared to Prior Period					Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Six Months Ended
	July 31, 2019			$		%			July 31, 2018			July 31, 2020			$			%			July 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	10,587		$	7,933		299	%	$	2,654		$	1,435		$	(9,152	)		-86	%	$	10,587
Percentage of revenue		7	%							2	%		1	%								7	%
Effective tax rate		-180	%							51	%		132	%								-180	%

In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, we calculated income tax expense based on actual quarterly results in the second ~~quarter~~quarters of fiscal ~~2020. In the prior year, we were anticipating a profit for the year~~years 2021 and ~~therefore we used an estimated annual tax rate when calculating income tax expense.~~2020, respectively. These results were adjusted for discrete items recorded during the period. Actual quarterly results ~~are being~~were used in fiscal 2021 and 2020 since they ~~provide~~provided a more reliable estimate of quarterly tax ~~expense given that we recorded net losses during the first half of fiscal 2020 and we expect a net loss for the full fiscal year.~~expense.

We recorded income tax expense of ~~$9.9~~$0.4 million and ~~$1.5~~$9.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Our effective tax rate was ~~(292%)~~88% for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared to ~~57%~~(292%) for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a pre-tax profit of $0.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 as compared to a pre-tax loss of $3.4 million and a $10 million valuation allowance that was placed on the net deferred tax assets of our wholly-owned Irish subsidiary ~~and a taxable loss~~ in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020 compared to a taxable profit for the same period of fiscal 2019. The placement of a valuation allowance resulted in an accounting adjustment of $10 million to income tax expense.~~

We recorded income tax expense of $10.6 million and $2.7 million for the first six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our effective tax rate was (180%) compared to 51% for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a valuation allowance that was placed on our Irish Principal’s net deferred tax assets and a taxable loss for the first six months of fiscal 2020 compared to a taxable profit for the same period of fiscal 2019.2020. The placement of a valuation allowance resulted in an accounting adjustment of $10 million to income tax expense.

We recorded income tax expense of $1.4 million and $10.6 million for the first six months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 132% during the first six months of fiscal 2021 compared to (180%) for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a pre-tax profit of $1.1 million in the first six months of fiscal 2021 compared to a $5.9 million pre-tax loss and a $10 million valuation allowance placed on the Company’s wholly-owned Irish subsidiary’s net deferred tax assets for the same period of fiscal 2020.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Regulation S-K Item 10(e), “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Commission Filings,” defines and prescribes the conditions for use of non-GAAP financial information. Our measures of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA margins and non-GAAP pre-tax income ~~and non-GAAP income tax expense on non-GAAP earnings~~ each meet the definition of a non-GAAP financial measure. We define the non-GAAP measures as follows:

●

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA - EBITDA is GAAP net income before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA less stock-based compensation expense and the change in the fair value of the interest rate swap.

●

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA margins - ~~EBITDA is GAAP net income before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. Non-GAAP~~Calculated by dividing non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA ~~is EBITDA less stock-based compensation expense and the change in the fair value of the interest rate swap.~~by total revenue.

●

Non-GAAP ~~adjusted EBITDA margins - Calculated by dividing non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.~~

●

~~Non-GAAP~~ pre-tax income - GAAP income before income taxes not including the effects of ~~stock-based compensation expense, amortization of purchased intangible assets and the change in fair value of the interest rate swap.~~

●

~~Non-GAAP income tax expense on non-GAAP earnings - Defined as GAAP tax expense excluding discrete items such as return to provision adjustments,~~ stock-based compensation expense, amortization of purchased intangible assets and the change in fair value of the interest rate ~~change impacts, new valuation allowances on new positions and changes in reserves for unrecognized tax benefits.~~swap.

QAD’s management uses non-GAAP measures internally to evaluate the business and believes that presenting non-GAAP measures provides useful information to investors regarding the underlying business trends and performance of our ongoing operations as well as useful metrics for monitoring our performance and evaluating it against industry peers. The non-GAAP financial measures presented should be used in addition to, and in conjunction with, results presented in accordance with GAAP, and should not be relied upon to the exclusion of GAAP financial measures. Management strongly encourages investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and to not rely on any single financial measure in evaluating the company.

QAD non-GAAP measures reflect adjustments based on the following items:

Stock-based compensation expense: We have excluded the effect of stock-based compensation expense from our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP pre-tax income calculations. Although stock-based compensation expense is calculated in accordance with current GAAP and constitutes an ongoing and recurring expense, such expense is excluded from non-GAAP results because it is not an expense which generally requires cash settlement by QAD, and therefore is not used by us to assess the profitability of our operations. We also believe the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense provides a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

Amortization of purchased intangible assets: We amortize purchased intangible assets in connection with our acquisitions. We have excluded the effect of amortization of purchased intangible assets, which include purchased technology, customer relationships, trade names and other intangible assets, from our non-GAAP pre-tax income calculation, because doing so makes internal comparisons to our historical operating results more consistent. In addition, we believe excluding amortization of purchased intangible assets provides a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

Change in fair value of the interest rate swap: We entered into an interest rate swap to mitigate our exposure to the variability of one-month LIBOR for our floating rate debt related to the mortgage of our headquarters. We have excluded the gain/loss adjustments to record the interest rate swap at fair value from our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP pre-tax income calculations. We believe that these fluctuations are not indicative of our operational costs or meaningful in evaluating comparative period results because we currently have no intention of exiting the debt agreement ~~early; and therefore~~early. Therefore, over the life of the debt the sum of the fair value adjustments will be zero.

~~Non-GAAP income tax on non-GAAP earnings~~: We disclose non-GAAP income tax on non-GAAP earnings in order to provide a reader with the ability to calculate non-GAAP earnings per share. Our estimate of non-GAAP income tax expense excludes the tax effect of stock-based compensation and other discrete items. We believe it is appropriate to exclude discrete items from the non-GAAP income tax expense on non-GAAP earnings calculation because non-GAAP pre-tax income excludes the effect of stock-based compensation; and discrete items are unpredictable and generally are not recognized until incurred.

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margins and non-GAAP pre-tax income to the most comparable GAAP measures for the three and six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,						Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
(in thousands)
Total revenue	$	76,378		$	84,543		$	154,413		$	170,733		$	74,081		$	76,378		$	148,228		$	154,413
Net (loss) income		(13,250	)		1,113			(16,484	)		2,510
Add back:
Net income (loss)														60			(13,250	)		(350	)		(16,484	)

Net interest expense		(641	)		(589	)		(1,212	)		(956	)		(58	)		(641	)		(344	)		(1,212	)
Depreciation		1,276			1,188			2,603			2,388			1,474			1,276			2,770			2,603
Amortization		300			146			574			305			366			300			720			574
Income tax expense		9,872			1,471			10,587			2,654			440			9,872			1,435			10,587
EBITDA	$	(2,443	)	$	3,329		$	(3,932	)	$	6,901		$	2,282		$	(2,443	)	$	4,231		$	(3,932	)
Add back:
Stock-based compensation expense		3,188			3,364			5,492			5,470			3,951			3,188			6,356			5,492
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		160			(35	)		251			(152	)		(32	)		160			219			251
Adjusted EBITDA	$	905		$	6,658		$	1,811		$	12,219		$	6,201		$	905		$	10,806		$	1,811
Adjusted EBITDA margin		1	%		8	%		1	%		7	%		8	%		1	%		7	%		1	%

Non-GAAP pre-tax income reconciliation
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(3,378	)	$	2,584		$	(5,897	)	$	5,164
Add back
Non-GAAP pre-tax income (loss) reconciliation
Income (loss) before income taxes													$	500		$	(3,378	)	$	1,085		$	(5,897	)

Stock-based compensation expense		3,188			3,364			5,492			5,470			3,951			3,188			6,356			5,492
Amortization of purchased intangible assets		73			-			147			-			72			73			143			147
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		160			(35	)		251			(152	)		(32	)		160			219			251
Non-GAAP income before income taxes	$	43		$	5,913		$	(7	)	$	10,482

Estimated income tax expense on GAAP earnings	$	1,074		$	1,622		$	1,657		$	2,734
Non-GAAP income (loss) before income taxes													$	4,491		$	43		$	7,803		$	(7	)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary source of cash is from the sale of subscriptions, licenses, maintenance and professional services to our customers. Our primary use of cash is payment of our operating expenses which mainly consist of employee-related expenses, such as compensation and benefits, as well as general operating expenses for facilities, third-party hosting providers, third party contractors and other overhead costs. In addition to operating expenses, we may also use cash for capital expenditures; payment of dividends, payment of our mortgage, withholding taxes on settlement of stock-based compensation and stock repurchases; and to invest in our growth initiatives, which may include acquisitions of products, technologies and businesses.

At July 31, ~~2019,~~2020, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and equivalents totaling ~~$141.8 million, short-term investments of $1.2~~$140.7 million and net accounts receivable of ~~$41.5~~$42.3 million. Our cash and equivalents consisted of current bank accounts, registered money market funds and time delineated deposits. Approximately ~~86%~~85% of our cash and equivalents were held in U.S. dollar denominated accounts as of July 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Our primary commercial banking relationship is with Bank of America and its global affiliates. Our largest cash concentrations are in the United States and Ireland. The percentage of cash and equivalents held outside of the United States was ~~71%~~65% and ~~74%~~69% as of July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and January 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The majority of our cash and equivalents are held in investment accounts which are predominantly placed in money market mutual funds, ~~and in~~ U.S. Treasury and government securities funds. The remaining cash and equivalents ~~and short-term investments~~ are held in deposit accounts and certificates of deposit.

We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. In addition to providing for U.S. income taxes on earnings from the United States, we provide for U.S. income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries’ earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the United States.

AsIn the second quarter of fiscal 2021, due to the ~~balance sheet date, we intend~~lack of growth opportunities and the capital requirement to ~~permanently reinvest~~fund ordinary business operations, QAD Thailand paid a one-time $3.8 million dividend to its parent QAD Inc. The Company has no intention or plans to repatriate any additional funds from Thailand and believes it is still appropriate to maintain the ~~earnings of our foreign~~permanent reinvestment position for all its subsidiaries. Should we decide to repatriate ~~these~~ earnings from other foreign subsidiaries in the future, we would not expect to incur significant additional taxes; however, foreign withholding taxes, currency translation, state taxes and currency control laws must always be considered.

On March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law. The CARES Act provides additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We do not expect there to be any significant benefit to our income tax provision as a result of the CARES Act, and we continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as any effects that may result from the CARES Act or future legislation.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:

Six Months Ended July 31,

(in thousands)

2019

2018

Net cash provided by operating activities
$ 14,178 $ 9,146
Net cash used in investing activities
(4,241
)
(2,990
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(6,510
)
(11,541
)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and equivalents
(1,072
)
(2,110
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents
$ 2,355 $ (7,495
)

	Six Months Ended July 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	16,024		$	14,330
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,951	)		(4,241	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(9,127	)		(6,510	)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and equivalents		(956	)		(1,224	)
Net increase in cash and equivalents	$	3,990		$	2,355

Typical factors affecting our cash provided by operating activities include our level of revenue and earnings for the period; the timing and amount of employee-related compensation payments, vendor payments and tax payments; and the timing and amount of billings and cash collections from our customers, which is our largest source of operating cash flow. Net cash flows provided by operating activities were ~~$14.2~~$16.0 million and ~~$9.1~~$14.3 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The increase in cash flows from operating activities was due primarily to ~~the positive cash flow effect~~lower net loss of ~~changes in accounts receivable of $12.2~~$16.1 million ~~and~~partially offset by lower changes in non-cash items (including ~~net change in valuation allowance,~~ depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, amortization of right-of-use assets, change in fair value of interest rate swap, ~~and~~ provision for doubtful accounts/sales ~~adjustments)~~adjustments and net change in valuation allowance) of ~~$12.2~~$(8.9) million, ~~partially offset by lower net income~~and the negative cash flow effect of ~~$19.0~~changes in deferred revenue of $(5.1) million. While our revenue has declined due to the global pandemic, we have implemented cost control initiatives such as reduced travel and discretionary spending. This has lowered expenses and preserved cash.

Net cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures of ~~$3.7~~$1.3 million and ~~$2.0~~$3.7 million for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The ~~increase~~decrease in capital expenditures primarily relates to lower leasehold ~~improvements.~~improvements in fiscal 2021 compared to the prior year. We continue to monitor our capital spending and do not believe we are delaying critical capital expenditures required to run our business.

Net cash used in financing activities consisted primarily ~~consisted~~ of payments of withholding taxes on ~~the~~ settlement of stock-based compensation and payment of dividends. In the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, we paid ~~withholding~~employee payroll taxes of ~~$3.5~~$5.9 million and ~~$8.6~~$3.5 million, respectively, on vested restricted stock units, vested performance stock units and exercised stock appreciation rights. In the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, we made dividend payments of ~~$2.8~~$2.9 million and ~~$2.7~~$2.8 million, respectively. On a regular basis the Board of Directors evaluates our ability to continue to pay dividends and the structure of potential future dividend payments.

We have historically calculated accounts receivable days’ sales outstanding ~~(“DSO”)~~(DSO), using the countback, or last-in first-out, method. This method calculates the number of days of billed revenue represented by the accounts receivable balance as of period end. When reviewing the performance of our entities, DSO under the countback method is used by management. It is management’s belief that the countback method best reflects the relative health of our accounts receivable as of a given quarter-end or year-end because of the cyclical nature of our billings. Our billing cycle includes high annual maintenance renewal billings at year-end that will not be recognized as earned revenue until future periods.

DSO under the countback method was 49 days ~~and 53 days as of~~at both July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018, respectively.~~2019. DSO using the average method, which is calculated utilizing the accounts receivable balance and earned revenue for the most recent quarter, was 51 days and 49 days ~~and 58 days at~~as of July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Some of our customers who have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic have requested and ~~2018, respectively. The~~may continue to request changes to payment terms. Some may also be unable to pay their receivables as they become due. We adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments on February 1, 2020,which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, which includes our accounts receivables and contract assets. Our expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable is developed using historical collection experience, consideration of current and anticipated future economic conditions and other relevant data. For the first six months of fiscal 2021, our expected loss allowance included consideration of the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. We recorded an increase of $0.7 million in estimated credit losses related to the impact of COVID-19 on our customers. We have not experienced any significant impact to credit quality or terms and the aging of our accounts receivable remained ~~consistent when compared with~~similar to the same period last year. We believe our reserve methodology is adequate, our reserves are properly stated as of July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and the quality of our receivables remains good.

There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations or commercial commitments outside the ordinary course of business. Cash requirements for items other than normal operating expenses are anticipated for capital expenditures, dividend payments and other equity transactions. We may require cash for acquisitions of new businesses, software products or technologies complementary to our business.

We are continuing to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on our operating results and liquidity and believe the global pandemic will negatively impact operating results and liquidity throughout fiscal 2021. We have implemented cost savings measures in the areas of travel, personnel expense and discretionary spending. We will monitor our costs and if needed, we will reduce costs further throughout fiscal 2021. Because we have $140.7 million of cash and our only debt is the mortgage of our corporate headquarters of $12.6 million, we believe we are in a solid position to withstand the negative impacts to our revenue, operating income and liquidity in fiscal 2021. We believe that our cash on hand and net cash provided by operating activities will provide us with sufficient resources to meet our current and long-term working capital requirements, debt service, dividend payments and other cash needs for at least the next twelve months.

Our revenue, earnings, cash flows, receivables, and payables are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. See Part I, Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for further discussion.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

A summary of future obligations under our various contractual obligations and commitments as of January 31, ~~2019~~2020 was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2019.~~2020. During the three and six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 there have been no material changes in our contractual obligations or commercial commitments outside the ordinary course of ~~business~~business.

~~Notes~~Note Payable

Effective May 30, 2012, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC, ~~our wholly owned limited liability company,~~a consolidated entity of QAD Inc., entered into a variable rate credit agreement (the ~~“2012 Mortgage”)~~2012 Mortgage) with Mechanics Bank (formerly Rabobank, N.A.), to refinance a pre-existing mortgage. The 2012 Mortgage has an original principal balance of $16.1 million and bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. One month LIBOR was ~~2.31%~~0.17% at July 31, ~~2019.~~2020. The 2012 Mortgage matures in June 2022 and is secured by our headquarters located in Santa Barbara, California. In conjunction with the 2012 Mortgage, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC entered into an interest rate swap with ~~Rabobank, N.A.~~Mechanics Bank. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount of $16.1 million and a schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31% for the entire term of the 2012 Mortgage. The terms of the 2012 Mortgage provide for QAD Ortega Hill, LLC to make net monthly payments of $88,100 consisting of principal and interest and one final payment of $11.7 ~~million.~~million when the loan matures on June 1, 2022. The unpaid balance as of July 31, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$13.1~~$12.6 million.

ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Exchange Rates. We have operations in foreign locations around the world and we are exposed to risk resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We have experienced significant foreign currency fluctuations during fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 due primarily to the volatility of the euro and Mexican peso in relation to the U.S. dollar. ~~The~~However, while strengthening of the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currency exchange rates generally has the effect of reducing revenues it also has the effect of reducing expenses denominated in currencies ~~for which we currently have~~other than the ~~most significant exposure are the euro and Mexican peso. Foreign~~U.S. dollar. These foreign currency exchange rate movements could create a foreign currency gain or loss that could be realized or unrealized for us. Unfavorable movements in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies may have an adverse impact on our operations. We did not have any foreign currency forward or option contracts or other foreign currency denominated derivatives or other financial instruments open as of July 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

We face two risks related to foreign currency exchange rates—translation risk and transaction risk. Translation risk relates to amounts invested in our foreign operations that are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revenues and expenses in foreign currencies translate into higher or lower revenues and expenses in U.S. dollars as the U.S. dollar weakens or strengthens against other currencies. Furthermore, we have exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations arising from the remeasurement of non-functional currency assets, liabilities and intercompany balances into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. Transaction risk is related to our international subsidiaries holding non-local currency net monetary accounts subject to revaluation into their local currency, which results in realized or unrealized foreign currency gains or losses.

For the six months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 48% and ~~2018, approximately~~ 50% ~~and 53%~~, respectively, of our revenue was generated in foreign currencies. We also incurred a significant portion of our expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, approximately ~~40%~~34% and ~~41%~~40% for the six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Based on a hypothetical 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar against all foreign currencies, our revenue would be adversely affected by approximately 5%4% partially offset by a positive effect on our expenses of approximately 4%3%, and our operating income would be adversely affected by approximately ~~16%~~131%.

For ~~each of~~ the six months ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, foreign currency transaction and remeasurement ~~gains~~losses (gains) totaled ~~$0.3~~$0.6 million and $(0.3) million, respectively, and are included in “Other expense (income) ~~expense,~~, net” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income.~~. We performed a sensitivity analysis on the net U.S. dollar and euro-based monetary accounts subject to revaluation that are held by our international subsidiaries and on the non-functional currency assets, liabilities and intercompany balances that are remeasured into U.S. dollars. A hypothetical 10% adverse movement in all foreign currency exchange rates would result in foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses of approximately ~~$2.8~~$2.6 million.

These estimates assume adverse shifts in all foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, which do not always move in the same direction or in the same degrees. Actual results may differ materially from the hypothetical analysis.

Interest Rates. We invest our surplus cash in a variety of financial instruments, consisting principally of short-term marketable securities with maturities of less than 90 days at the date of purchase. Our investment securities are held for purposes other than trading. Cash balances held by subsidiaries are invested primarily in registered money market funds with local operating banks. Based on an interest rate sensitivity analysis of our cash and equivalents we estimate that a 10% adverse change in interest rates from the ~~2019~~2020 fiscal year-end rates would not have a material adverse effect on our cash flows or financial condition for the next fiscal year.

Our long-term debt is comprised of a loan agreement, secured by real property, which bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. In conjunction with the loan agreement, we entered into an interest rate swap. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount and schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31%.

Our interest rate swap is accounted for using mark-to-market accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap each reporting period are adjusted through earnings, subjecting us to non-cash volatility in our results of operations. We prepared a sensitivity analysis using a modeling technique that measures the change in the fair values arising from a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in levels of interest rates across the entire yield curve, with all other variables held constant. Based upon the results of this analysis a 10% adverse change in interest rates from the July 31, ~~2019~~2020 rates would cause less than a $0.1 million reduction in our results of operations. We believe it is prudent to hedge the expected volatility of the variable rate mortgage on our corporate headquarters. The swap fixes the interest rate on our mortgage to 4.31% over the entire term of the ~~mortgage and effectively lowers our interest rate from the previous mortgage rate of 6.5%.~~mortgage. Although the agreement allows us to prepay the loan and exit the agreement early, we have no intention of doing so. As a result, we will have non-cash adjustments through earnings each reporting period. However, over the term of the mortgage, the net impact of these mark-to-market adjustments on earnings will be zero.

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, and are effective to, provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information required to be disclosed by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. ~~Effective February 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02~~ ~~Leases~~ (Topic 842), and all related amendments, which resulted in the modification of certain processes and internal controls related to leases. These included the development of new policies and training, ongoing contract review requirements, and gathering of information provided for disclosures. There were no ~~other~~ changes in ~~the Company’s~~our internal control over financial reporting ~~that occurred~~ during ~~the Company’s~~our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the ~~Company’s~~our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent limitations of internal controls. QAD’s management does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures or its internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within QAD have been detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is not party to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, QAD is party, either as plaintiff or defendant, to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors reported in Item 1A within the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

ITEM 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3.

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.

OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6.

EXHIBITS

	Exhibits

	31.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

	31.2	Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

	32.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

	~~101.INS~~	~~XBRL Instance Document~~

	101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

	101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

	101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

	101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

	101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

QAD Inc.

(Registrant)

Date: September ~~9, 2019~~8, 2020	By:	/s/ DANIEL LENDER
		Daniel Lender
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
		(Chief Financial Officer)

	By:	/s/ KARA BELLAMY
		Kara Bellamy
		~~Kara Bellamy~~Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller
		~~Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller~~
		(Chief Accounting Officer)

Delaware	77-0105228
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value	QADA	NASDAQ Global Select Market
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value	QADB	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☑
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐

	Emerging growth company ☐

			Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and January 31, ~~2019~~2020	1

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income~~ for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019	2

		Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the Six Months Ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019	3

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended July 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019	4

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5

	ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2118

	ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3532

	ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	3633

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	3633

	ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	3634

	ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3634

	ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3634

	ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	3634

	ITEM 5.	Other Information	3634

	ITEM 66.	Exhibits	3734

	SIGNATURES		3835

	July 31, 2019			January 31, 2019			July 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
Assets

Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	141,768		$	139,413		$	140,707		$	136,717
Short-term investments		1,200			1,200
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $2,837 and $2,901 at July 31, 2019 and January 31, 2019, respectively		41,495			81,577
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $4,026 and $2,940 at July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively								42,270			80,968
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net		23,411			22,150			20,909			24,952
Total current assets		207,874			244,340			203,886			242,637
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $40.1 million and $39.2 million at July 31, 2019 and January 31, 2019, respectively		29,446			29,621
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $41,371 and $38,861 at July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively								29,085			28,687
Lease right-of-use assets		18,195			—			19,710			18,329
Capitalized software costs, net		1,720			1,598			1,974			1,922
Goodwill		12,379			12,423			12,351			12,388
Deferred tax assets, net		6,571			16,172			7,095			5,834
Other assets, net		12,202			13,020			11,887			13,007
Total assets	$	288,387		$	317,174		$	285,988		$	322,804

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	492		$	487		$	516		$	503
Lease liabilities		4,855			—			4,059			4,371
Accounts payable		7,808			9,902			5,996			9,840
Deferred revenue		94,399			115,253			95,049			118,413
Other current liabilities		32,510			40,348			31,776			39,900
Total current liabilities		140,064			165,990			137,396			173,027
Long-term debt		12,589			12,836			12,084			12,341
Long-term lease liabilities		14,059			—			16,640			14,612
Other liabilities		5,815			5,101			7,666			6,759
Commitments and contingencies
Total liabilities								173,786			206,739
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value. Authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding		—			—
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value. Authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding								0			0
Common stock:
Class A, $0.001 par value. Authorized 71,000,000 shares; issued 16,605,215 shares at both July 31, 2019 and January 31, 2019		16			16
Class B, $0.001 par value. Authorized 4,000,000 shares; issued 3,537,380 shares at both July 31, 2019 and January 31, 2019		4			4
Class A, $0.001 par value. Authorized 71,000,000 shares; issued 17,364,966 and 17,108,846 shares at July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively								17			17
Class B, $0.001 par value. Authorized 4,000,000 shares; issued 3,537,380 shares at both July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020								4			4
Additional paid-in capital		196,312			196,723			198,085			197,824
Treasury stock, at cost (59,309 Class A shares and 273,474 Class B shares at July 31, 2019 and 241,667 Class A shares and 273,474 Class B shares at January 31, 2019)		(4,943	)		(7,350	)
Treasury stock, at cost 207,062 and 216,378 Class B shares at July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively								(3,073	)		(3,226	)
Accumulated deficit		(67,903	)		(48,485	)		(73,438	)		(70,209	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(7,626	)		(7,661	)		(9,393	)		(8,345	)
Total stockholders’ equity		115,860			133,247			112,202			116,065
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	288,387		$	317,174		$	285,988		$	322,804

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	July 31,						July 31,						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	2019			2018			2019			2018			July 31,						July 31,
													2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenue:
Subscription	$	25,888		$	22,439		$	51,194		$	43,950		$	31,066		$	25,888		$	61,837		$	51,194
License		3,516			5,561			7,982			11,827			3,043			3,516			4,264			7,982
Maintenance and other		29,586			30,574			59,485			62,057
Maintenance														26,486			29,586			52,894			59,485
Professional services		17,388			25,969			35,752			52,899			13,486			17,388			29,233			35,752
Total revenue		76,378			84,543			154,413			170,733			74,081			76,378			148,228			154,413

Costs of revenue:
Subscription		9,903			8,334			19,320			16,562			10,739			9,903			21,087			19,320
License		554			574			1,145			1,238			565			554			966			1,145
Maintenance and other		7,459			7,774			15,062			15,639
Maintenance														6,413			7,459			13,157			15,062
Professional services		18,116			23,754			37,439			48,064			13,106			18,116			28,038			37,439
Total cost of revenue		36,032			40,436			72,966			81,503			30,823			36,032			63,248			72,966

Gross profit		40,346			44,107			81,447			89,230			43,258			40,346			84,980			81,447

Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		20,191			19,502			41,082			39,448			17,420			20,191			35,977			41,082
Research and development		13,870			13,513			27,857			27,519			13,161			13,870			27,178			27,857
General and administrative		10,392			9,366			19,810			18,728			10,299			10,392			20,316			19,810
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions		66			—			133			—			65			66			129			133
Total operating expenses		44,519			42,381			88,882			85,695			40,945			44,519			83,600			88,882

Operating (loss) income		(4,173	)		1,726			(7,435	)		3,535
Operating income (loss)														2,313			(4,173	)		1,380			(7,435	)

Other (income) expense:
Other expense (income):
Interest income		(789	)		(743	)		(1,513	)		(1,267	)		(213	)		(789	)		(649	)		(1,513	)
Interest expense		148			154			301			311			155			148			305			301
Other (income), net		(154	)		(269	)		(326	)		(673	)
Total other (income), net		(795	)		(858	)		(1,538	)		(1,629	)
Other expense (income), net														1,871			(154	)		639			(326	)
Total other expense (income), net														1,813			(795	)		295			(1,538	)

(Loss) income before income taxes		(3,378	)		2,584			(5,897	)		5,164
Income (loss) before income taxes														500			(3,378	)		1,085			(5,897	)
Income tax expense		9,872			1,471			10,587			2,654			440			9,872			1,435			10,587

Net (loss) income	$	(13,250	)	$	1,113		$	(16,484	)	$	2,510
Net income (loss)													$	60		$	(13,250	)	$	(350	)	$	(16,484	)

Basic net (loss) income per share
Basic net income (loss) per share
Class A	$	(0.69	)	$	0.06		$	(0.86	)	$	0.13		$	0.00		$	(0.69	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.86	)
Class B	$	(0.57	)	$	0.05		$	(0.71	)	$	0.11		$	0.00		$	(0.57	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.71	)
Diluted net (loss) income per share
Diluted net income (loss) per share
Class A	$	(0.69	)	$	0.05		$	(0.86	)	$	0.12		$	0.00		$	(0.69	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.86	)
Class B	$	(0.57	)	$	0.05		$	(0.71	)	$	0.11		$	0.00		$	(0.57	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.71	)

Net (loss) income	$	(13,250	)	$	1,113		$	(16,484	)	$	2,510
Net income (loss)													$	60		$	(13,250	)	$	(350	)	$	(16,484	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		298			(326	)		35			(836	)		1,607			298			(1,048	)		35
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(12,952	)	$	787		$	(16,449	)	$	1,674
Total comprehensive income (loss)													$	1,667		$	(12,952	)	$	(1,398	)	$	(16,449	)

	Six Months Ended July 31, 2019																										Six Months Ended July 31, 2020
	Number of Shares							Amount				Additional Paid-in			Treasury			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’			Number of Shares							Amount				Additional Paid-in			Treasury			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Capital			Stock			Deficit			Loss			Equity			Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Capital			Stock			Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance, January 31, 2019		16,605		3,537		(515	)	$	16	$	4	$	196,723		$	(7,350	)	$	(48,485	)	$	(7,661	)	$	133,247
Balance, January 31, 2020																												17,109		3,537		(216	)	$	17	$	4	$	197,824		$	(3,226	)	$	(70,209	)	$	(8,345	)	$	116,065
Net loss		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(16,484	)		—			(16,484	)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(350	)		—			(350	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			35			35			—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			(1,048	)		(1,048	)
Stock award exercises		—		—		9			—		—		(357	)		202			—			—			(155	)		73		—		9			—		—		(2,576	)		153			—			—			(2,423	)
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—			—		—		5,492			—			—			—			5,492			—		—		—			—		—		6,356			—			—			—			6,356
Dividends declared ($0.144 and $0.12 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(2,761	)		—			(2,761	)
Dividends declared ($0.144 and $0.12 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)																												—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(2,879	)		—			(2,879	)
Restricted stock		—		—		174			—		—		(5,546	)		2,205			—			—			(3,341	)		183		—		—			—		—		(3,519	)		—			—			—			(3,519	)
Adoption of ASU2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(173	)		—			(173	)
Balance, July 31, 2019		16,605		3,537		(332	)	$	16	$	4	$	196,312		$	(4,943	)	$	(67,903	)	$	(7,626	)	$	115,860
Balance, July 31, 2020																												17,365		3,537		(207	)	$	17	$	4	$	198,085		$	(3,073	)	$	(73,438	)	$	(9,393	)	$	112,202

	Six Months Ended July 31, 2018																										Six Months Ended July 31, 2019
	Number of Shares							Amount				Additional Paid-in			Treasury			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’			Number of Shares							Amount				Additional Paid-in			Treasury			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Capital			Stock			Deficit			Loss			Equity			Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Capital			Stock			Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance, January 31, 2018		16,605		3,537		(892	)	$	16	$	4	$	200,456		$	(12,461	)	$	(75,559	)	$	(6,828	)	$	105,628
Cumulative effect of the adoption of ASC606 and ASU2016-16		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			22,125			—			22,125
Adjusted balance at February 1, 2018		16,605		3,537		(892	)	$	16	$	4	$	200,456		$	(12,461	)	$	(53,434	)	$	(6,828	)	$	127,753
Net income		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			2,510			—			2,510
Balance, January 31, 2019																												16,605		3,537		(515	)	$	16	$	4	$	196,723		$	(7,350	)	$	(48,485	)	$	(7,661	)	$	133,247
Net loss																												—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(16,484	)		—			(16,484	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			(836	)		(836	)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			35			35
Stock award exercises		—		—		192			—		—		(7,722	)		3,349			—			—			(4,373	)		—		—		9			—		—		(357	)		202			—			—			(155	)
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—			—		—		5,470			—			—			—			5,470			—		—		—			—		—		5,492			—			—			—			5,492
Dividends declared ($0.144 and $0.12 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)		—		—		—		— —			—		—			—			(2,731	)		—			(2,731	)
Dividends declared ($0.144 and $0.12 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)																												—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(2,761	)		—			(2,761	)
Restricted stock		—		—		171			—		—		(5,783	)		1,580			—			—			(4,203	)		—		—		174			—		—		(5,546	)		2,205			—			—			(3,341	)
Balance, July 31, 2018		16,605		3,537		(529	)	$	16	$	4	$	192,421		$	(7,532	)	$	(53,655	)	$	(7,664	)	$	123,590
Adoption of ASU2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)																												—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(173	)		—			(173	)
Balance, July 31, 2019																												16,605		3,537		(332	)	$	16	$	4	$	196,312		$	(4,943	)	$	(67,903	)	$	(7,626	)	$	115,860

	Fair value measurement at reporting date using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Money market mutual funds as of July 31, 2019	$	106,774
Money market mutual funds as of January 31, 2019	$	107,855
Short-term investments as of July 31, 2019	$	1,200
Short-term investments as of January 31, 2019	$	1,200
Liability related to the interest rate swap as of July 31, 2019			$	(115	)
Asset related to the interest rate swap as of January 31, 2019			$	136

	Liability / Asset						Liability
		Fair Value						Fair Value
	Balance Sheet Location	July 31, 2019			January 31, 2019		Balance Sheet Location	July 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
Derivative instrument:
Interest rate swap	Other liabilities / Other assets, net	$	(115	)	$	136	Other liabilities	$	(451	)	$	(232	)
Total	Total	$	(115	)	$	136	Total	$	(451	)	$	(232	)

Fiscal Years	(in thousands)		(in thousands)
2020 remaining	$	458
2021		750
2021 remaining			$	543
2022		407		851
2023		92		488
2024				92
Thereafter		13		0
	$	1,720	$	1,974

	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment			Goodwill, Net
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 31, 2019	$	28,031		$	(15,608	)	$	12,423
Impact of foreign currency translation		(44	)		-			(44	)
Balance at July 31, 2019	$	27,987		$	(15,608	)	$	12,379

	July 31, 2019

Assets
Operating	$	18,097
Finance		98
Total lease assets, net	$	18,195

Liabilities
Current
Operating	$	4,812
Finance		43
Noncurrent
Operating		14,017
Finance		42
Total lease liabilities	$	18,914

	Six Months Ended
	July 31, 2019

Cash flows related to lease liabilities
Operating cash flows related to operating leases	$	(3,095	) )
Financing cash flows related to finance leases		(11	)
Total cash flows related to lease liabilities	$	(3,106	)

Non-cash items
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	7,696
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities		110
Total non-cash items	$	7,806

	Operating
	Leases

Within 1 year	$	5.9
2 years		4.5
3 years		3.0
4 years		2.2
5 years		2.0
Thereafter		5.0
Total lease payments	$	22.6
Less: Imputed interest		(3.7	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	18.9

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2019	$	(7,661	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		35
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—
Net current period other comprehensive income		35
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$	(7,626	)

	RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 31, 2019		663		$	36.64
Granted		261			39.74
Released ⁽¹⁾		(254	)		32.33
Forfeited		(26	)		37.56
Outstanding at July 31, 2019		644		$	39.55

	PSUs		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 31, 2019		—	$	—
Granted		93		39.82
Released		—		—
Forfeited		—		—
Outstanding at July 31, 2019		93	$	39.82