Introductory Note

Caution Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q, or otherwise made by our officers, including statements related to our future performance, our outlook for our businesses and respective markets, projections, statements of our management’s plans or objectives, forecasts of market trends and other matters, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and contain information relating to us that is based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. The words “expect,” “believe,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “goal” and similar expressions as they relate to us or our management are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect our management’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in any forward-looking statements. Our actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such actual results to differ materially from those reflected in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the factors discussed in detail in Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Form 10-Q, as well as:

The foregoing review of important factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with other cautionary statements that are included herein. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our management’s analysis only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to release publicly the results of any future revisions we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Part I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.         Financial Statements.

AMERINST INSURANCE GROUP, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited, expressed in U.S. dollars)

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERINST INSURANCE GROUP, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

OPERATIONS, COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

AND RETAINED EARNINGS

(Unaudited, expressed in U.S. dollars)

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERINST INSURANCE GROUP, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited, expressed in U.S. dollars)

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2022

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2021

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERINST INSURANCE GROUP, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, expressed in U.S. dollars)

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERINST INSURANCE GROUP, LTD.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JuneSeptember 30, 2022

1. BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by AmerInst Insurance Group, Ltd. (“AmerInst”) without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). These financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations as of the end of and for the periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation. These statements are condensed and do not incorporate all the information required under U.S. GAAP to be included in a full set of financial statements. In these notes, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company” refer to AmerInst and its subsidiaries. These condensed statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2021 and notes thereto, included in AmerInst’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year then ended.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2022

No new accounting standards adopted in 2022.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Financial Instruments Credit Losses-Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which amends the guidance on impairment of financial instruments and significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU will replace the existing “incurred loss” approach, with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost and require entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount under the existing other than temporary impairment model. The ASU also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. The Company’s insurance premium balances receivables are also more significant financial assets within the scope of ASU 2016-13. The guidance requires financial assets to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The tentative effective date for the ASU is January 1, 2023. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment, all associated with Protexure, at JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, totaled $785,680$700,98F0 and $898,560 respectively as follows:

3. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other assets as at JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 comprise the following:

4. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other liabilities as at JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 comprise the following:

5. INVESTMENTS

In September 2021, the Company liquidated its entire investment in fixed income securities and equity securities to fund its commitment under the C&F Commutation Agreement (as defined below). Information on sales and maturity of investments and net unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments during the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Information on sales and maturity of investments and net unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments during the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Net Investment Income

Major categories of net investment income during the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 are summarized as follows:

Major categories of net investment income during the three months ended June September 30,2022and 2021 are summarized as follows:

6. LIABILITY FOR UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021:

During the third quarter of 2021, a commutation agreement, effective as of March 31, 2021 (the “C&F Commutation Agreement”), was entered into by and between C&F and AMIC Ltd. (each as defined in Management’s Discussion and Analysis, below), whereby C&F and AMIC Ltd. agreed to fully and finally settle and commute all their respective past, present and future obligations and liabilities, known and unknown, under the Reinsurance Agreement (as defined in Management’s Discussion and Analysis, below).  In accordance with the C&F Commutation Agreement, in full satisfaction of AMIC Ltd.’s past, present and future obligations and liabilities under the Reinsurance Agreement, an aggregate sum of $26,076,000 was paid by AMIC Ltd. to C&F in October 2021.

During the first quarter of 2022, a commutation agreement, effective December 31, 2021 (the “CAMICO Commutation Agreement”), was entered into between CAMICO Mutual Insurance Company (“CAMICO”) and AMIC Ltd., whereby CAMICO and AMIC Ltd. agreed to fully and finally settle and commute all their respective past, present and future obligations and liabilities, known and unknown, under the reinsurance contract between CAMICO and AMIC Ltd. In accordance with the CAMICO Commutation Agreement, in full satisfaction of AMIC Ltd.’s past present and future obligations and liabilities under the reinsurance contract between CAMICO and AMIC Ltd., an aggregate sum of $15,000 was paid by CAMICO to AMIC Ltd. in March 2022.

7. SEGMENT INFORMATION

AmerInst has two reportable segments: (1) reinsurance and corporate, previously called the reinsurance segment, through which the company provided reinsurance under the now commuted reinsurance agreements, conducted investment operations and conducts other corporate activities and (2) insurance activity, through which the Company offers professional liability solutions to professional service firms under the Agency Agreements, as defined in the “Overview” section below. The tables below summarize the results of our reportable segments as of and for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021.

The tables below summarize the results of our reportable segments as of and for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021.

8. STOCK COMPENSATION

Phantom Shares:

Protexure Insurance Agency, Inc. (“Protexure”), a subsidiary of AmerInst, has employment agreements with two key members of senior management, which grant them phantom shares of the Company. Under these agreements, these employees were initially granted an aggregate of 48,762 phantom shares of the Company on the date of their employment, subject to certain vesting requirements. The phantom shares are eligible for phantom dividends payable at the same rate as regular dividends on the Company’s common shares. The phantom dividends may be used only to purchase additional phantom shares with the purchase price of such phantom shares being the net book value of the Company’s actual common shares as of the end of the previous quarter. During the year, 0no phantom shares were granted.

For these two employees, the phantom shares initially granted, as well as any additional shares granted from dividends declared, vested on January 1, 2015. The liability payable to each of these employees under the phantom share agreements is equal to the value of the phantom shares based on the net book value of the Company’s actual common shares at the end of the previous quarter less the value of phantom shares initially granted and is payable in cash upon (i) the participant’s death, termination of employment due to disability, retirement at or after age 65 or resignation for good reason, (ii) termination of the participant by the Company without cause, (iii) termination by the participant without good reason or (iv) change in control of the Company.

The liability relating to these phantom shares is recalculated quarterly based on the net book value of our common shares at the end of each quarter. As a result of the overall decrease in the net book value of our common shares since the grant dates, we have not recorded any liability relating to these phantom shares at JuneSeptember 30, 2022.

Stock Option Plan:

The Company has a nonqualified stock option plan to advance the development, growth and financial condition of the Company. This plan provides incentives through participation in the appreciation of its common stock in order to secure, retain and motivate directors and employees and align such person’s interests with those of its shareholders. A total of 100,000 shares are authorized under the stock option plan.

A summary of the status of the stock option plan as of JuneSeptember 30, 2022 is as follows:

A summary of the status of the stock option plan as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:

The Company accounts for these options in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires that the fair value of the equity awards be recognized as compensation expense over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for such an award. The Company is amortizing compensation expense over the vesting period, or five years. The Company recognized $0 of compensation expense for stock options for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) provides supplemental information, which sets forth the major factors that have affected our financial condition and results of operation and should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-Q.

Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q, including this MD&A section, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and contain information relating to us that is based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. The words “expect,” “believe,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “goal” and similar expressions as they relate to us or our management are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Our actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. Please see the Introductory Note and Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated in our subsequent quarterly reports filed on Form 10-Q, and in our other filings made from time to time with the Commission after the date of this report for a discussion of factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. However, the risk factors listed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K or discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with other cautionary statements that are included herein. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our management’s analysis only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to release publicly the results of any future revisions we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

The following discussion addresses our financial condition and results of operations for the periods and as of the dates indicated.

OVERVIEW

Unless otherwise indicated by the context in this quarterly report, we refer to AmerInst Insurance Group, Ltd. and its subsidiaries as the “Company,” “AmerInst,” “we” or “us.” “AMIC Ltd.” means AmerInst’s wholly owned subsidiary, AmerInst Insurance Company, Ltd. “Protexure” means Protexure Insurance Agency, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of AmerInst Mezco, Ltd. which is a wholly owned subsidiary of AmerInst. Our principal offices are c/o Davies Captive Management Limited, 25 Church Street, Continental Building, P.O. Box HM 1601, Hamilton, Bermuda, HM GX.

AmerInst Insurance Group, Ltd. is a Bermuda holding company formed in 1998 that provides insurance protection for professional service firms. AmerInst has two reportable segments: (1) reinsurance and corporate, previously called the reinsurance segment, through which the company provided reinsurance under the now commuted reinsurance agreements, conducted investment operations and conducts other corporate activities and (2) insurance activity, through which the Company offers professional liability solutions to professional service firms under the Agency Agreements. The revenues of the reinsurance and corporate activity reportable segment and the insurance activity reportable segment were $50$1,450 and $1,253,346,$1,743,344 respectively, for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to $4,547,677$3,212,581 and $1,847,982,$2,656,916, respectively, for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021. The revenues for both reportable segments were derived from business operations in the United States other than interest income on bank accounts maintained in Bermuda.

Agency Agreements with C&F and ISMIE

On September 25, 2009, Protexure entered into an agency agreement (the “C&F Agency Agreement”) with The North River Insurance Company, United States Fire Insurance Company, Crum & Forster Indemnity Company, Crum and Forster Insurance Company, and Crum & Forster Specialty Insurance Company (collectively, “C&F”) pursuant to which C&F appointed Protexure as its exclusive agent for the purposes of soliciting, underwriting, quoting, binding, issuing, cancelling, non-renewing and endorsing accountants’ professional liability and lawyers’ professional liability insurance coverage in all 50 states of the United States and the District of Columbia. The initial term of the C&F Agency Agreement was for four years with automatic one-year renewals thereafter. The C&F Agency Agreement automatically renewed on September 25, 2021. 

In 2021, C&F and Protexure signed an addendum to the C&F Agency Agreement which terminatesterminated the C&F Agency Agreement effective March 31, 2022.  Under the terms of the addendum, Protexure was permitted to issue new and renewal professional liability policies on behalf of C&F with effective dates no later than March 31, 2022.

Effective January 1, 2022, Protexure entered into a Managing General Agency Agreement (the “ISMIE Agency Agreement”) with Amwins Specialty Casualty Solutions, LLC. for policies written by ISMIE Mutual Insurance Company (“ISMIE”). Protexure will transitionis transitioning the lawyers and accountants’ professional liability policies previously written with C&F to ISMIE. Certain policies are and will also be written by the Hanover Insurance Company. The C&F Agency Agreement and the ISMIE Agency Agreement are referred to herein as, collectively, the “Agency Agreements.”

Reinsurance Agreement

We previously conducted reinsurance business through AMIC Ltd., our subsidiary, which was a registered insurer in Bermuda. On September 25, 2009, AMIC Ltd. entered into a professional liability quota share agreement with C&F (the “Reinsurance Agreement”) pursuant to which C&F agreed to cede, and AMIC Ltd. agreed to accept as reinsurance, a 50% quota share of C&F’s liability under insurance written by Protexure on behalf of C&F and classified by C&F as accountants’ professional liability and lawyers’ professional liability, subject to AMIC Ltd.’s surplus limitations. Policies written by insurers other than C&F were not subject to the 50% quota share reinsurance to AMIC Ltd. The term of the Reinsurance Agreement was continuous and could be terminated by either party upon at least 120 days’ prior written notice to the other party. Following the commutation of all of AMIC’s reinsurance business and the decision by the Company’s board of directors not to resume reinsurance operations through AMIC, the Company made an application to the BMA to cancel AMIC’s insurance license. Effective May 17, 2022 AMIC Ltd.’s Class 3A insurance license was cancelled by the Bermuda Monetary Authority.

During the third quarter of 2021, C&F and AMIC Ltd. entered into the C&F Commutation Agreement, which became effective as of March 31, 2021, whereby C&F and AMIC Ltd. agreed to fully and finally settle and commute all their respective past, present and future obligations and liabilities, known and unknown, under the Reinsurance Agreement.  In accordance with the C&F Commutation Agreement, in full satisfaction of AMIC Ltd.’s past, present and future obligations and liabilities under the Reinsurance Agreement, an aggregate sum of $26,076,000 was paid by AMIC Ltd. to C&F in October 2021.

Historical Relationship with CAMICO

From June 1, 2005 through May 31, 2009, we were a party to a reinsurance contract with CAMICO Mutual Insurance Company (“CAMICO”), a California-based writer of accountants’ professional liability business.

We decided not to renew the CAMICO contract and permitted the contract to expire pursuant to its terms on May 31, 2009. We remained potentially liable for claims related to coverage through May 31, 2009.

During the first quarter of 2022, CAMICO and AMIC Ltd. entered into the CAMICO Commutation Agreement, which became effective December 31, 2021, whereby CAMICO and AMIC Ltd. agreed to fully and finally settle and commute all their respective past, present and future obligations and liabilities, known and unknown under the reinsurance contract between CAMICO and AMIC Ltd. In accordance with the CAMICO Commutation Agreement, in full satisfaction of AMIC Ltd.’s past present and future obligations and liabilities under the reinsurance contract between CAMICO and AMIC Ltd., an aggregate sum of $15,000 was paid by CAMICO to AMIC Ltd. in March 2022.

Third-party Managers and Service Providers

Davies Captive Management Limited provides the day-to-day services necessary for the administration of our business. Our agreement with Davies Captive Management Limited renewed for one year beginning January 1, 2022 and ending December 31, 2022. Mr. Thomas R. McMahon, our Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer, is an officer, director, and employee of Davies Captive Management Limited.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SixNine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021

We recorded a net loss of $610,915$1,052,624 for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to a net incomeloss of $50,687704,043 for the same period in 2021. The decreaseincrease in net incomeloss is due primarily to a reduction in earned premium, partially offset by reductions in losses and loss expenses and policy acquisition costs; a reduction in commission income; and reductions in net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains on investments, partially offset by a reduction in operating and management expensesexpenses.

Our net premiums earned for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, were $0 compared to $4,319,211$2,581,408 for the same period in 2021, a decrease of $4,319,211$2,581,408 or 100%. The net premiums earned during the quarter ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021, were attributable to cessions from C&F under the Reinsurance Agreement. The Company entered into the C&F Commutation Agreement with C&F effective March 31, 2021, and no premiums subsequent to that date were ceded pursuant to the Reinsurance Agreement.

During the six-monthnine-month period ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded commission income under the Agency Agreements of $1,253,344$1,743,342 and $1,847,636,$2,656,532, respectively, a decrease of $594,292$913,190 or 32.2%34.4%. This decrease resulted from the lower volume of premiums written under the Agency Agreements during the six-monthnine-month period Juneended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, which is primarily attributed to the decrease in premiums written under the C&F agency agreement offset by the increase in premiums written under the ISMIE agency agreement.

We recorded net investment income of $52$1,452 during the six-monthnine-month period Juneended September 30, 2022 compared to $146,731,$204,624, for the six-monthsnine-months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021. The decrease in net investment income was primarily as the result of the September 2021 liquidation of the Company’s entire investment in fixed income securities and equity securities and also a decrease in interest earned on short term investments and cash and cash equivalents. The annualized investment yield, calculated as total interest and dividends divided by the net average amount of total investments and cash and cash equivalents, was 0% for the six-monthsnine-months ended June 30,2022,September 30, 2022, compared to the 1%0.9% yield earned for the same period in 2021.

We recorded net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $0 during the six-monthnine-month period ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $82,081$426,933 during the six-monthnine-month period ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021, a decrease of $82,081$426,933 or 100%. The decrease is attributed to the September 2021 liquidation of the Company’s entire investment in fixed income securities and equity securities.

For the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, we recorded loss and loss adjustment expenses of $0. For the same period in 2021, we recorded loss and loss adjustment expenses of $2,764,294 derived by multiplying our estimated loss ratio of 64.0% and the net premiums earned under the Reinsurance Agreement of $4,319,211.$1,504,764. The decrease in loss and loss adjustment expense was due to the commutation of business under the reinsurance agreements.

We recorded policy acquisition costs of $0 infor the first two quarters ofnine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $826,457$1,405,774 for the same period in 2021. Policy acquisition costs, which are primarily ceding commissions paid to the ceding insurer, are established as a percentage of premiums earned. The policy acquisition costs recorded during the six-monthnine-month period Juneended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were 0% and 19%54% of the net premiums earned under the Reinsurance Agreement of $0 and $4,319,211,$2,581,408, respectively. The policy acquisition costs recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 represented the net of (i) $955,122, being 37% of the $2,581,408 in net premiums earned under the Reinsurance Agreement as at March 31, 2021, which is the effective date of the Commutation Agreement and (ii) the reversal of the established premium deficiency reserve at December 31, 2020 of $985,876 and the reversal of the remaining deferred policy acquisition cost balance of $1,436,528, with both reversals being attributed to the Commutation Agreement. The decrease in policy acquisition costs was attributable to the decrease in premiums earned, which was due to the commutation of business under the reinsurance agreements. 

We incurred operating and management expenses of $1,944,631$2,407,713 in the six-monthnine-month period Juneended September 30, 2022 compared to $2,563,620$3,699,146 for the same period in 2021, a decrease of $618,989$1,291,433 or 24.1%34.9%. The decrease was primarily attributable to (i) decreased director’s expenses due to the elimination of retainers paid to directors as a part of compensation (ii) decreased salaries and related costs associated with Protexure’s reduction in personnel during 2022 and 2021in its effort to reduce overall costs (iii) decreased sub commission expenses resulting from a decrease in sub produced premiums and (iv) reduction in fees to third-party managers and service providers. Additionally, Protexure qualified for payroll retention credits in the amount of $417,559 which are included as a reduction to the operating and management expenses

As required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, Income Taxes, management has assessed the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of the existing deferred tax asset which is made up primarily by NOL carryforwards. A valuation allowance of $624,000 was recorded as of December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the valuation allowance has increased by $445,000 to $1,069,000 to recognize only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized. The increase in valuation allowance is the result of cumulative losses incurred in 2021 and through the third quarter of 2022, as well as the difficulty in providing reasonable projections beyond a five-year period due to the change in agency agreements and the uncertainty around certain states Protexure can write business in. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered reasonable could be adjusted if future estimates of taxable income during the carryforward period change, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present, where we can then apply additional weight to subjective evidence such as our growth projections.

The tables below summarize the results of the following AmerInst reportable segments: (1) reinsurance and corporate, previously called the reinsurance segment, through which the company provided reinsurance under the now commuted reinsurance agreements, conducted investment operations and conducts other corporate activities and (2) insurance activity, through which the Company offers professional liability solutions to professional service firms under the Agency Agreements.

Three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021

We recorded net loss of $400,654$441,709 for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to a net loss of $93,078$955,112 for the three-months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021. The decrease in net income is dueloss can be attributed primarily to a reductionthe increase in premiums earned premium, partially offset by reductionsthe increase in lossesloss and loss adjustment expenses in the same period. The decrease in commission income and investment income was offset by the decrease in policy acquisition costs; a reduction in commission income;costs and reductions in net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains on investments, partially offset by a reduction in operating and management expenses for the three-month period.

Our net premiums earned for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, were $0 compared to $2,248,830$(1,737,803) for the same period in 2021, a decreasean increase of $2,248,830$1,737,803 or 100%. The net premiums earned during the quarter ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021, were attributable to cessions from C&F under the Reinsurance Agreement. The Company entered intopremiums earned for the C&Fthird quarter of 2021 represents the reversal of the second quarter cession as the result of the Commutation Agreement, with C&Fwhich has an effective date of March 31, 2021 and no premiums subsequent to that date were ceded pursuant to the Reinsurance Agreement.

During the three-month period ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded commission income under the Agency Agreements of $475,838$489,998 and $814,161,$808,896, respectively, a decrease of $338,323$318,898 or 41.6%39.4%. This decrease resulted from the lower volume of premiums written under the Agency Agreements during the three-month period Juneended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, which is primarily attributed to the decrease in premiums as a result of the termination of the C&F agency agreement.

We recorded net investment income of $21$1,400 during the three-month period Juneended September 30, 2022, compared to $75,742,$57,893, for the three-months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021. The decrease in net investment income was primarily as the result of the September 2021 liquidation of the Company’s entire investment in fixed income securities and equity securities and also a decrease in interest earned on short term investments and cash and cash equivalents. The annualized investment yield, calculated as total interest and dividends divided by the net average amount of total investments and cash and cash equivalents, was 0% for the three-months ended JuneSeptember 30,2022, compared to the 1%0.8% yield earned for the same period in 2021.

We recorded net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $0 during the three-month period ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $51,523$344,852 during the three-month period ended JuneSeptember 30, 2021, a decrease of $51,523$344,852 or 100%. The decrease is attributed to the September 2021 liquidation of the Company’s entire investment in fixed income securities and equity securities.

For the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, we recorded loss and loss adjustment expenses of $0. For the same period in 2021, we recorded loss and loss adjustment expenses of $1,439,250 derived by multiplying our estimated$(1,259,530). The losses and loss ratioadjustment expenses for the third quarter of 64.0% and2021 represented (i) the net premiums earnedreversal of the second quarter cession under the Reinsurance Agreement as the result of $2,248,830. The decrease in lossthe Commutation Agreement which had an effective date of March 31, 2021 and loss adjustment expense was due to(ii) the commutationrecording of businessa $147,377 gain under the reinsurance agreements.Commutation Agreement.

We recorded policy acquisition costs of $0 during the three-months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 compared to $568,870$579,317 for the same period in 2021. Policy acquisition costs, which are primarily ceding commissions paid to the ceding insurer, arewere established as a percentage of premiums earned. The policy acquisition costs recorded during the three-month period June 30, 2022 and 2021 were 0% and 25% of the net premiums earned under the Reinsurance Agreement of $0 and $2,248,830, respectively. The decrease in policy acquisition costs was attributable to the decrease in premiums earned, which was due to the commutation of business under the reinsurance agreements. 

We incurred operating and management expenses of $938,833$463,082 in the three-month period Juneended September 30, 2022 compared to $1,302,995$1,135,526 for the same period in 2021, a decrease of $364,162$672,444 or 27.9%59.2%. The decrease is primarily attributable to recognizing the payroll retention credits Protexure qualified for from 2020-2021. The decrease was primarilyalso attributable to (i) decreased director’s expenses due to the elimination of retainers paid to directors as a part of compensation (ii) decreased salaries and related costs associated with Protexure’s reduction in personnel during 2022 and 2021in its effort to reduce overall costs (iii) decreased sub commission expenses resulting from a decrease in sub produced premiums and (iv) reduction in fees to third-party managers and service providers.

As required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, Income Taxes, management has assessed the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of the existing deferred tax asset which is made up primarily by NOL carryforwards. A valuation allowance of $624,000 was recorded as of December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the valuation allowance has increased by $445,000 to $1,069,000 to recognize only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized. The increase in valuation allowance is the result of cumulative losses incurred in 2021 and through the third quarter of 2022, as well as the difficulty in providing reasonable projections beyond a five-year period due to the change in agency agreements and the uncertainty around certain states Protexure can write business in. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered reasonable could be adjusted if future estimates of taxable income during the carryforward period change, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present, where we can then apply additional weight to subjective evidence such as our growth projections.

The tables below summarize the results of the following AmerInst reportable segments: (1) reinsurance and corporate, previously called the reinsurance segment, through which the company provided reinsurance under the now commuted reinsurance agreements, conducted investment operations and conducts other corporate activities and (2) insurance activity, through which the Company offers professional liability solutions to professional service firms under the Agency Agreements.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The cash and cash equivalents balance decreased from $3,477,714 at December 31, 2021 to $2,152,653$2,037,046 at JuneSeptember 30, 2022, a decrease of $1,325,061$1,440,668 or 38.1%41.4%. The net decrease resulted primarily from cash outflows associated with the funding of our day-to-day operations and settlement of accrued liabilities.