UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________________ to _______________________

Commission File Number 0-20797

RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas

~~74-1733016~~

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

74-1733016

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

555 I.H. 35 South, Suite 500

New Braunfels, Texas 78130

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(830) 302-5200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller Reporting company ☐

			Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicated below is the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of ~~October 31, 2022.~~May 2, 2023.

Title of Class

Number of Shares

Outstanding

Class A Common Stock, $.01 Par Value

~~42,344,760~~42,020,101

Class B Common Stock, $.01 Par Value

~~12,092,098~~12,264,252

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value	RUSHA	NASDAQ Global Select Market
Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value	RUSHB	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Table of Contents

	September 30,			December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	219,519		$	148,146		$	226,292		$	201,044
Accounts receivable, net		220,832			140,186			229,684			220,651
Inventories, net		1,351,930			1,020,136			1,498,948			1,429,429
Prepaid expenses and other		17,075			15,986			19,028			16,619
Total current assets		1,809,356			1,324,454			1,973,952			1,867,743
Property and equipment, net		1,351,968			1,278,207			1,404,566			1,368,594
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		103,652			69,008			99,753			102,685
Goodwill, net		415,754			370,331			416,481			416,363
Other assets, net		61,849			77,977			74,800			65,681
Total assets	$	3,742,579		$	3,119,977		$	3,969,552		$	3,821,066

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Floor plan notes payable	$	935,785		$	630,731		$	1,015,971		$	933,203
Current maturities of finance lease obligations		28,165			26,695			31,894			29,209
Current maturities of operating lease obligations		15,176			12,096			14,948			15,003
Trade accounts payable		185,695			122,291			200,412			171,717
Customer deposits		91,188			80,561			100,397			116,240
Accrued expenses		163,374			131,130			149,455			163,302
Total current liabilities		1,419,383			1,003,504			1,513,077			1,428,674
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		307,065			334,926			262,467			275,433
Finance lease obligations, net of current maturities		82,613			89,835			100,240			93,483
Operating lease obligations, net of current maturities		89,729			57,976			86,188			89,029
Other long-term liabilities		19,376			26,514			22,920			19,455
Deferred income taxes, net		148,394			140,473			155,124			151,970
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares outstanding in 2022 and 2021		-			-
Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 60,000,000 Class A shares and 20,000,000 Class B shares authorized; 42,373,737 Class A shares and 12,092,098 Class B shares outstanding in 2022; and 43,018,498 Class A shares and 12,474,589 Class B shares outstanding in 2021		571			563
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares outstanding in 2023 and 2022								–			−
Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 60,000,000 Class A shares and 20,000,000 Class B shares authorized; 42,149,927 Class A shares and 12,307,852 Class B shares outstanding in 2023; and 42,345,361 Class A shares and 12,083,085 Class B shares outstanding in 2022								577			572
Additional paid-in capital		494,703			470,750			512,998			500,642
Treasury stock, at cost: 1,493,121 Class A shares and 1,103,433 Class B shares in 2022; and 183,765 Class A shares and 416,069 Class B shares in 2021		(123,781	)		(36,933	)
Treasury stock, at cost: 2,041,809 Class A shares and 1,168,432 Class B shares in 2023; and 1,626,777 Class A shares and 1,112,446 Class B shares in 2022								(156,210	)		(130,930	)
Retained earnings		1,291,602			1,031,582			1,457,203			1,378,337
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(5,637	)		787
Accumulated other comprehensive loss								(3,898	)		(4,130	)
Total Rush Enterprises, Inc. shareholders’ equity		1,657,458			1,466,749			1,810,670			1,744,491
Noncontrolling interest		18,561			–			18,866			18,531
Total shareholders’ equity		1,676,019			1,466,749			1,829,536			1,763,022
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,742,579		$	3,119,977		$	3,969,552		$	3,821,066

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021		2022		2021		Three Months Ended March 31,
										2023			2022
Revenues
New and used commercial vehicle sales	$	1,142,201		$	729,344	$	3,176,175	$	2,274,332	$	1,161,725		$	935,719
Aftermarket products and services sales		622,130			463,020		1,763,691		1,324,283		648,226			543,263
Lease and rental sales		85,688			62,689		237,561		182,312
Lease and rental											86,666			71,335
Finance and insurance		7,639			6,851		22,919		20,723		6,571			7,525
Other		6,628			4,617		18,383		12,692		8,579			5,360
Total revenue		1,864,286			1,266,521		5,218,729		3,814,342		1,911,767			1,563,202
Cost of products sold
New and used commercial vehicle sales		1,045,658			656,411		2,875,057		2,053,271		1,050,365			834,993
Aftermarket products and services sales		378,748			280,866		1,080,240		819,786		402,155			334,208
Lease and rental sales		58,482			46,949		162,378		143,394
Lease and rental											60,478			48,561
Total cost of products sold		1,482,888			984,226		4,117,675		3,016,451		1,512,998			1,217,762
Gross profit		381,398			282,295		1,101,054		797,891		398,769			345,440
Selling, general and administrative expense		242,609			179,890		692,383		539,579		256,808			224,447
Depreciation and amortization expense		13,961			13,137		41,545		40,284		14,314			13,674
Gain on sale of assets		2,209			901		2,433		1,157		129			180
Operating income		127,037			90,169		369,559		219,185		127,776			107,499
Other (expense) income		(215	)		1,951		22,182		4,616
Other income											2,347			14,064
Interest expense, net		6,275			271		10,662		566		10,983			1,219
Income before taxes		120,547			91,849		381,079		223,235		119,140			120,344
Income tax provision		29,884			22,450		87,290		50,459		28,350			27,891
Net income		90,663			69,399		293,789		172,776	$	90,790		$	92,453
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		287			–		733		–		(335	)		–
Net income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.	$	90,376		$	69,399	$	293,056	$	172,776	$	90,455		$	92,453

Net income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc. per share of common stock:
Basic	$	1.64		$	1.24	$	5.27	$	3.09	$	1.65		$	1.65
Diluted	$	1.59		$	1.20	$	5.11	$	2.99	$	1.60		$	1.60

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		55,232			56,007		55,601		55,882		54,767			55,938
Diluted		56,875			57,806		57,363		57,834		56,564			57,912

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.21		$	0.19	$	0.59	$	0.55	$	0.21		$	0.19

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

	Common Stock Shares Outstanding Class A Class B					$0.01 Par Value		Additional Paid -In Capital			Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Rush Enterprises, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interest		Total Shareholders’ Equity																							Total
																																																Rush
Balance, December 31, 2021		43,108		12,399		$	563	$	470,750		$	(36,933	)	$	1,031,582		$	787		$	1,466,749			–	$	1,466,749
																												Common Stock																	Accumulated			Enterprises,
																												Shares						$0.01		Additional									Other			Inc.					Total
																												Outstanding						Par		Paid -In			Treasury			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders’			Noncontrolling		Shareholders’
																												Class A			Class B			Value		Capital			Stock			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity			Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022																													42,345			12,083		$	572	$	500,642		$	(130,930	)	$	1,378,337		$	(4,130	)	$	1,744,491		$	18,531	$	1,763,022
Stock options exercised and stock awards		112		–			1		2,384			–			–			–			2,385			–		2,385			152			–			2		3,412			–			–			–			3,414			–		3,414
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–		–			–		13,793			–			–			–			13,793			–		13,793			–			–			–		13,080			–			–			–			13,080			–		13,080
Vesting of restricted share awards		–		302			3		(7,215	)		–			–			–			(7,212	)		–		(7,212	)		–			281			3		(6,964	)		–			–			–			(6,961	)		–		(6,961	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		66		–			1		2,434			–			–			–			2,435			–		2,435			68			–			–		2,828			–			–			–			2,828			–		2,828
Common stock repurchases		(192	)	(104	)		–		–			(15,315	)		–			–			(15,315	)		–		(15,315	)		(415	)		(56	)		–		–			(25,280	)		–			–			(25,280	)		–		(25,280	)
Dividend Class A common stock		–		–			–		–			–			(8,189	)		–			(8,189	)		–		(8,189	)
Dividend Class B common stock		–		–			–		–			–			(2,505	)		–			(2,505	)		–		(2,505	)
Cash dividends declared on Class A common stock																													–			–			–		–			–			(8,897	)		–			(8,897	)		–		(8,897	)
Cash dividends declared on Class B common stock																													–			–			–		–			–			(2,692	)		–			(2,692	)		–		(2,692	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–		–			–		–			–			–			445			445			–		445			–			–			–		–			–			–			232			232			–		232
Net income		–		–			–		–			–			92,453			–			92,453			–		92,453			–			–			–		–			–			90,455			–			90,455			335		90,790
Balance, March 31, 2022		43,094		12,597		$	568	$	482,146		$	(52,248	)	$	1,113,341		$	1,232		$	1,545,039			–	$	1,545,039
Stock options exercised and stock awards		162		–			2		3,244			–			–			–			3,246			–		3,246
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–		–			–		4,203			–			–			–			4,203			–		4,203
Vesting of restricted share awards		–		–			–		(1,423	)		–			–			–			(1,423	)		–		(1,423	)
Common stock repurchases		(448	)	(331	)		–		–			(38,438	)		–			–			(38,438	)		–		(38,438	)
Dividend Class A common stock		–		–			–		–			–			(8,128	)		–			(8,128	)		–		(8,128	)
Dividend Class B common stock		–		–			–		–			–			(2,521	)		–			(2,521	)		–		(2,521	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–		–			–		–			–			–			(567	)		(567	)		–		(567	)
Reclassification of foreign currency translation related to equity method		–		–			–		–			–			–			(601	)		(601	)		–		(601	)
Noncontrolling interest equity		–		–			–		–			–			–			–			–			17,828		17,828
Net income		–		–			–		–			–			110,227			–			110,227			446		110,673
Balance, June 30, 2022		42,808		12,266		$	570	$	488,170		$	(90,686	)	$	1,212,919		$	64		$	1,611,037		$	18,274	$	1,629,311
Stock options exercised and stock awards		11		–			–		227			–			–			–			227			–		227
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–		–			–		3,554			–			–			–			3,554			–		3,554
Vesting of restricted share awards		–		2			–		(31	)		–			–			–			(31	)		–		(31	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		68		–			1		2,783												2,784					2,784
Common stock repurchases		(513	)	(176	)		–		–			(33,095	)		–			–			(33,095	)		–		(33,095	)
Dividend Class A common stock		–		–			–		–			–			(8,995	)		–			(8,995	)		–		(8,995	)
Dividend Class B common stock		–		–			–		–			–			(2,698	)		–			(2,698	)		–		(2,698	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–		–			–		–			–			–			(5,701	)		(5,701	)		–		(5,701	)
Net income		–		–			–		–			–			90,376			–			90,376			287		90,663
Balance, September 30, 2022		42,374		12,092		$	571	$	494,703		$	(123,781	)	$	1,291,602		$	(5,637	)	$	1,657,458		$	18,561	$	1,676,019
Balance, March 31, 2023																													42,150			12,308		$	577	$	512,998		$	(156,210	)	$	1,457,203		$	(3,898	)	$	1,810,670		$	18,866	$	1,829,536

																				Total
																				Rush
	Common Stock																	Accumulated		Enterprises,
	Shares						$0.01		Additional									Other		Inc.					Total
	Outstanding						Par		Paid -In			Treasury			Retained			Comprehensive		Shareholders’			Noncontrolling		Shareholders’
	Class A			Class B			Value		Capital			Stock			Earnings			Income (Loss)		Equity			Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021		43,108			12,399		$	563	$	470,750		$	(36,933	)	$	1,031,582		$	787	$	1,466,749			–	$	1,466,749
Stock options exercised and stock awards		112			–			1		2,384			–			–			–		2,385			–		2,385
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–			–			–		13,793			–			–			–		13,793			–		13,793
Vesting of restricted share awards		–			302			3		(7,215	)		–			–			–		(7,212	)		–		(7,212	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		66			–			1		2,434			–			–			–		2,435			–		2,435
Common stock repurchases		(192	)		(104	)		–		–			(15,315	)		–			–		(15,315	)		–		(15,315	)
Cash dividends declared on Class A common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(8,189	)		–		(8,189	)		–		(8,189	)
Cash dividends declared on Class B common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(2,505	)		–		(2,505	)		–		(2,505	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–			–			–		–			–			–			445		445			–		445
Net income		–			–			–		–			–			92,453			–		92,453			–		92,453
Balance, March 31, 2022		43,094			12,597		$	568	$	482,146		$	(52,248	)	$	1,113,341		$	1,232	$	1,545,039			–	$	1,545,039

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Common Stock
Shares
Outstanding
Class A Class B

$0.01 Par
Value

Additional
Paid -In
Capital

Treasury
Stock

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Total
Rush Enterprises, Inc.
Shareholders’ Equity

Noncontrolling
Interest

Total
Shareholders’ Equity

Balance, December 31, 2020
42,504 12,470 $ 551 $ 437,646 $ (2,879 ) $ 831,850 $ 869 $ 1,268,037 – $ 1,268,037
Stock options exercised and stock awards
298 – 3 5,416 – – – 5,419 – 5,419
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan
– – – 11,520 – – – 11,520 – 11,520
Vesting of restricted share awards
– 345 3 (6,780 ) – – – (6,777 ) – (6,777 )
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
86 – 1 1,988 – – – 1,989 – 1,989
Common stock repurchases
(3 ) (155 ) – – (6,483 ) – – (6,483 ) – (6,483 )
Dividend Class A common stock
– – – – – (7,684 )

– (7,684 ) – (7,684 )
Dividend Class B common stock
– – – – – (2,380 )

– (2,380 ) – (2,380 )
Other comprehensive income
– – – – – – 255 255 – 255
Net income
– – – – – 45,333 – 45,333 – 45,333
Balance, March 31, 2021
42,885 12,660 $ 558 $ 449,790 $ (9,362 ) $ 867,119 $ 1,124 $ 1,309,229 – $ 1,309,229
Stock options exercised and stock awards
219 – 2 3,926 – – – 3,928 – 3,928
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan
– – – 3,683 – – – 3,683 – 3,683
Vesting of restricted share awards
– – – (614 ) – – – (614 ) – (614 )
Common stock repurchases
– (99 ) – – (4,223 ) – – (4,223 ) – (4,223 )
Dividend Class A common stock
– – – – – (7,735 )

�� (7,735 ) – (7,735 )
Dividend Class B common stock
– – – – – (2,425 )

– (2,425 ) – (2,425 )
Other comprehensive income
– – – – – – 312 312 – 312
Net income
– – – – – 58,044 – 58,044 – 58,044
Balance, June 30, 2021
43,104 12,561 $ 560 $ 456,785 $ (13,585 ) $ 915,003 $ 1,436 $ 1,360,199 – $ 1,360,199
Stock options exercised and stock awards
22 – – 371 – – – 371 – 371
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan
– – – 3,144 – – – 3,144 – 3,144
Vesting of restricted share awards
– 2 – (53 ) – – – (53 ) – (53 )
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
63 – 1 2,159 – – – 2,160 – 2,160
Common stock repurchases
(171 ) (88 ) – – (11,229 ) – – (11,229 ) – (11,229 )
Dividend Class A common stock
– – – – – (8,199 )

– (8,199 ) – (8,199 )
Dividend Class B common stock
– – – – – (2,538 )

– (2,538 ) – (2,538 )
Other comprehensive income
– – – – – – (471 ) (471 ) – (471 )
Net income
– – – – – 69,399 – 69,399 – 69,399
Balance, September 30, 2021
43,018 12,475 $ 561 $ 462,406 $ (24,814 ) $ 973,665 $ 965 $ 1,412,783 – $ 1,412,783

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	90,790		$	92,453
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities-
Depreciation and amortization		53,896			45,809
Gain on sale of property and equipment, net		(129	)		(179	)
Gain on joint venture transaction		−			(12,500	)
Stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock options and employee stock purchases		13,080			13,793
Provision for deferred income tax expense		3,165			1,019
Change in accounts receivable, net		(8,972	)		(58,810	)
Change in inventories		(52,845	)		(98,292	)
Change in prepaid expenses and other, net		(2,408	)		(578	)
Change in trade accounts payable		27,130			49,656
Change in customer deposits		(15,892	)		(8,715	)
Change in accrued expenses		(14,699	)		14,574
Other, net		(650	)		(3,645	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		92,466			34,585
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment		(90,446	)		(45,689	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		122			2,635
Business disposition		−			27,500
Other		(5,190	)		(736	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(95,514	)		(16,290	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Draws on floor plan notes payable – non-trade, net		82,642			71,478
Proceeds from long-term debt		257,705			207,500
Principal payments on long-term debt		(270,793	)		(204,000	)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations		(4,471	)		(3,997	)
Proceeds from issuance of shares relating to equity awards		6,245			4,823
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards		(6,964	)		(7,215	)
Payments of cash dividends		(12,062	)		(11,083	)
Common stock repurchased		(24,008	)		(14,421	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		28,294			43,085
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		25,246			61,380
Effect of exchange rate on cash		204			–
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		200,842			148,146
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	226,292		$	209,526
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	11,712		$	2,244
Income taxes paid (refund), net	$	374		$	(14	)
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired under finance leases	$	16,178		$	2,672

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2022

2021

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
$ 293,789 $ 172,776
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
146,477 126,691
Gain on sale of property and equipment
(2,433 ) (1,157 )
Gain on joint venture transaction
(12,500 ) –
Gain on business acquisition
(6,958 ) –
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and employee stock purchases
21,550 18,347
Deferred income tax benefit
7,921 (23,029 )
Change in accounts receivable, net
(75,066 ) 23,200
Change in inventories, net
(264,687 ) 147,254
Change in prepaid expenses and other, net
875 (107 )
Change in trade accounts payable
44,069 16,676
Change in customer deposits
9,650 (30,386 )
Change in accrued expenses
25,464 (8,403 )
Other, net
(4,832 ) (3,217 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
183,319 438,645
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment
(175,243 ) (122,318 )
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment
7,014 2,576
Business disposition
27,500 –
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired
(15,754 ) –
Other
(11,691 ) (1,610 )
Net cash used in investing activities
(168,174 ) (121,352 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Draws (payments) on floor plan notes payable – non-trade, net
277,261 (157,440 )
Proceeds from long-term debt
695,169 66,430
Principal payments on long-term debt
(788,757 ) (222,216 )
Principal payments on finance lease obligations
(11,091 ) (10,620 )
Proceeds from issuance of shares relating to employee stock options and employee stock purchases
11,080 13,870
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards
(8,669 ) (7,447 )
Payments of cash dividends
(33,123 ) (30,499 )
Common stock repurchased
(85,270 ) (21,726 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
56,600 (369,648 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
71,745 (52,355 )
Effect of exchange rate on cash
(372 ) –
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
148,146 312,048

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$ 219,519 $ 259,693

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:

Interest
$ 12,966 $ 19,805
Income taxes, net of refunds
$ 74,320 $ 92,795
Noncash investing and financing activities:

Assets acquired under finance leases
$ 14,290 $ 21,442

~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.~~

The interim consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Rush Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”), without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All adjustments have been made to the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements, which, in the opinion of the Company’s management, are necessary for a fair presentation of its operating results. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. It is recommended that these interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim periods or the full fiscal year.

~~In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “~~~~Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848),~~” which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential financial reporting burden of the expected market transition away from LIBOR. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications, hedge accounting, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met through December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations and related disclosures.

While business conditions have improved significantly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the second quarter of 2020, our industry continues to be impacted by supply chain issues generally attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic that are negatively affecting new commercial vehicle production and the availability of aftermarket parts. The Company is unable to predict the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its future business and operating results due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on global economic trends and the various supply chains serving the commercial vehicle industry.

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary, Rush Truck Centres of Canada Limited (“RTC Canada”), is the local ~~currency.~~currency, the Canadian dollar. Results of operations for RTC Canada are translated to USD using the average exchange rate on a monthly basis during each quarter. The assets and liabilities of RTC Canada are translated into USD using the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. The related translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

On February 25, 2019, the Company acquired 50% of the equity interest in RTC Canada, which acquired the operating assets of Tallman Group, the largest International Truck dealer in Canada. Prior to acquiring an additional 30% equity interest on May 2, 2022, for approximately $20.0 million, the Company accounted for the equity interest in RTC Canada using the equity method of accounting. Now that the Company owns an 80% equity interest in RTC Canada, the operating results of RTC Canada are consolidated in the Consolidated Statements of Income, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as of May 2, 2022. See Note 13 – Acquisitions in the Notes to the Financial Statements for further discussion.

On January 3, 2022, a subsidiary of Cummins, Inc. acquired a 50% equity interest in Natural Gas Fuel Systems, LLC (“NGFS”) from the Company for $27.5 million. NGFS previously conducted business as Momentum Fuel Technologies. The $12.5 million gain realized on the transaction is included in Other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company is accounting for the business as a joint venture and recognizes the investment using the equity method. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s investment in NGFS was $14.4 million. The Company’s equity income in NGFS is included in the line item Other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation arising out of its operations in the ordinary course of business. The Company maintains liability insurance, including product liability coverage, in amounts deemed adequate by management. However, an uninsured or partially insured claim, or claim for which indemnification is not available, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the Company believes that there are no pending claims or litigation, individually or in the aggregate, that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations for the fiscal period in which such resolution occurred.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share ~~information)~~amounts):

Options to purchase shares of common stock that were outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2022 ~~and 2021~~ that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive are as follows (in thousands):

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718-10, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees and directors, including employee stock options, restricted stock awards and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, based on estimated fair values.

Stock-based compensation expense, calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for employee stock options and included in selling, general and administrative expense, was ~~$3.6~~$13.1 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, and ~~$3.1~~$13.8 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2021. Stock-based compensation expense was $21.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and $18.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022.

As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the Company had ~~$11.8~~$16.7 million of unrecognized compensation ~~expense~~cost related to non-vested employee stock options to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~2.3~~2.6 years and ~~$12.9~~$21.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~1.4~~1.6 years.

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Financial instruments consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and floor plan notes payable. The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments approximate fair value due either to their short-term nature or existence of variable interest rates, which approximate market rates. Certain methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of financial instruments as of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, and December 31, ~~2021. Thus, the~~2022. The carrying value of current assets and current liabilities approximates the fair value due to the short maturity of these items.

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is based on secondary market indicators. Because the Company’s debt is not quoted, estimates are based on each obligation’s characteristics, including remaining maturities, variable interest rate, credit rating, collateral and liquidity. Accordingly, the Company concluded that the valuation measurement inputs of its long-term debt represent, at its lowest level, current market interest rates available to the Company for similar debt and the Company’s current credit standing. ~~The~~Thus, the carrying amount of such debt approximates fair value.

The Company currently has one reportable business segment - the Truck Segment. The Truck Segment includes the Company’s operation of a network of commercial vehicle dealerships throughout the United States and Ontario, Canada that provide an integrated one-stop source for the commercial vehicle needs of its customers, including retail sales of new and used commercial vehicles; aftermarket parts, service and collision center facilities; and financial services, including the financing of new and used commercial vehicle purchases, insurance products and truck leasing and rentals. The commercial vehicle dealerships are deemed a single reporting unit because they have similar economic characteristics. The Company’s chief operating decision maker considers the entire Truck Segment, not individual dealerships or departments within its dealerships, when making decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assessing its performance.

The Company also has revenues attributable to three other operating segments. These segments include a retail tire company, an insurance agency and a guest ranch operation and are included in the All Other column below. None of these segments has ever met any of the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates performance based on income before income taxes, not including extraordinary items.

The following table contains summarized information about reportable segment revenues, segment income or loss from continuing operations and segment assets for the periods ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ (in thousands):

The Company had unrecognized income tax benefits totaling ~~$4.3~~$5.3 million as a component of accrued liabilities as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the total of which, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. An unfavorable settlement ~~may~~would require a charge to income tax expense and a favorable resolution would be recognized as a reduction to income tax expense. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company had approximately ~~$279,000~~$302,000 accrued for the payment of interest as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. No amounts were accrued for penalties.

The Company does not anticipate a significant change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the tax years ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 through ~~2021~~2022 remained subject to audit by federal tax authorities, and the tax years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 through ~~2021~~,2022, remained subject to audit by state tax authorities.

The Company’s non-lease and rental revenues are primarily generated from the sale of finished products to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single delivery element and revenue from such sales is recognized when the customer obtains control, which is typically when the finished product is delivered to the customer. The Company’s material revenue streams have been identified as the following: the sale of new and used commercial vehicles, arrangement of associated commercial vehicle financing and insurance contracts, the performance of commercial vehicle repair services and the sale of commercial vehicle parts. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.

The following table summarizes the Company’s disaggregated revenue by revenue source, excluding lease and rental revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2022 ~~and 2021~~ (in thousands):

All of the Company's performance obligations and associated revenues are generally transferred to customers at a point in time. The Company did not have any material contract assets or contract liabilities on the balance sheet as of ~~September 30, 2022 or December~~March 31, ~~2021.~~2023. Revenues related to commercial vehicle sales, parts sales, commercial vehicle repair service, finance and the majority of other revenues are related to the Truck Segment.

The Company primarily leases commercial vehicles that itthe Company owns to customers primarily over periods of one to ten years. The Company does not separate lease and nonlease components. Nonlease components typically consist of maintenance and licensing for the commercial vehicle. The variable nonlease components are generally based on mileage. Some leases contain an option for the lessee to purchase the commercial vehicle at the end of the lease term.

The Company’s policy is to depreciate its lease and rental fleet using a straight-line method over each customer’s contractual lease term. The lease unit is depreciated to a residual value that approximates fair value at the expiration of the lease term. This policy results in the Company realizing reasonable gross margins while the unit is in service and a corresponding gain or loss on sale when the unit is sold at the end of the lease term.

Sales-type leases are recognized by the Company as lease receivables. The lessee obtains control of the underlying asset and the Company recognizes sales revenue upon lease commencement. The receivable for sales-type leases as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was ~~$6.1~~$6.6 million, compared to ~~$5.4~~$6.0 million as of December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, and is reflected in ~~the line item~~ Other ~~assets~~Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Lease and rental income during the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 ~~and September 30, 2021,~~ consisted of the following (in thousands):

The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary, RTC Canada, is its local currency. Results of operations of RTC Canada are translated in USD using the average exchange rates on a monthly basis during the year. The assets and liabilities of RTC Canada are translated into USD using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. The related translation adjustments are recorded in a separate component of stockholders' equity in accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss.~~

~~The Company reclassified~~loss and the ~~foreign currency translation adjustment related to its previously held equity investment in RTC Canada into net income upon its acquisition~~statement of ~~a majority equity interest according to ASC 830-30,~~ ~~Foreign Currency Matters.~~comprehensive income.

The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses to present the net amount of accounts receivable expected to be collected. Under Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, the Company is required to remeasure expected credit losses for financial instruments held on the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts.

Accounts receivable consists primarily of commercial vehicle sales receivables, manufacturers’ receivables ~~leasing~~ and ~~rental receivables,~~leasing, parts and service sales receivables and other trade receivables. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses based on the probability of default, its historical rate of losses, aging and current economic conditions. The Company writes off account balances when it has exhausted reasonable collection efforts and determined that the likelihood of collection is remote. These write-offs are charged against the allowance for credit losses.

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

The following acquisitions, unless otherwise noted, were considered business combinations accounted for under ASC 805, Business Combinations. Pro forma information is not included in accordance with ASC 805 since no acquisitions were considered material individually or in the aggregate.

On ~~December 13, 2021,~~November 7, 2022, the Company ~~completed the acquisition of~~acquired certain ~~of the~~ assets of ~~Summit~~Scheppers International Truck ~~Group, LLC and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, “Summit”)~~Center, Inc., which included ~~full-service~~real estate and an International truck franchise in Jefferson City, Missouri, along with commercial vehicle ~~dealerships~~ and ~~Idealease franchises in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee and Texas.~~parts inventory. The ~~acquisition included Summit’s dealerships representing International, IC Bus, Idealease, Isuzu and other commercial vehicle manufacturers for a purchase price of~~transaction was valued at approximately ~~$205.3~~$6.8 million, ~~excluding the real property associated~~ with ~~the transaction. The Company financed approximately $102.0 million of~~ the purchase price ~~under its floor plan and lease and rental truck financing arrangements and the remainder of the purchase price was~~ paid in cash. ~~In addition, the Company purchased certain real property owned by Summit for a purchase price of approximately $57.0 million, which was paid in cash.~~

The purchase price allocation has not yet been finalized for the Summit acquisition. The Company is currently working with Summit to obtain additional information that existed at the time of the acquisition related to property and equipment, inventory and valuation of intangible assets. Management has recorded the purchase price allocations based upon currently available information about Summit.

The operations of Summit are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. The preliminary purchase price was allocated based on the fair values of the assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):

In July 2022, the Company adjusted the preliminary purchase price for inventory by $0.7 million with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. The goodwill of $74.4 million for the Summit acquisition is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. The goodwill acquired in the Summit acquisition will be amortized over 15 years for tax purposes.

On May 2, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of an additional 30% equity interest in RTC Canada, resulting in an 80% controlling interest in RTC Canada. The acquisition was accounted for as an acquisition achieved in stages under ASC 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition-date fair value of the previous 50% equity interest was $44.7 million, resulting in a gain of $7.0 million included in the line item Other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company also recognized a reversal of deferred tax liabilities of $2.2 million and $0.6 million related to reclassification of the foreign currency translation adjustment related to the remeasurement of the Company’s previous equity method investment in RTC Canada.

As of May 2, 2022, the Company established a noncontrolling interest related to the minority holders. The fair value of the 20% noncontrolling interest in RTC Canada is estimated to be $17.8 million. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was estimated using a combination of the income approach and a market approach. Since RTC Canada is a private company, the fair value measurement is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. The fair value estimates are based on: (i) a discount rate of 11%; (ii) a terminal value based on a long-term sustainable growth rate of 3%; (iii) financial multiples of companies in the same industry as RTC Canada; and (iv) adjustments because of the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider when estimating the fair value of the noncontrolling interest in RTC Canada.

The preliminary purchase price was allocated based on the fair values of the assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):

The purchase price allocation has not yet been finalized. The Company is currently working with RTC Canada to obtain additional information that existed at the time of the acquisition related to property and ~~equipment, inventory and valuation of intangible assets.~~equipment. Management has recorded the purchase price allocations based upon currently available information about RTC Canada. The goodwill of ~~$47.9~~$44.0 million for the RTC Canada acquisition is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after obtaining a controlling interest in the entity.

Prior to May 2, 2022, the Company accounted for its 50% equity interest in RTC Canada as an equity-method investment. ~~Now that~~Subsequent to the ~~Company owns an 80%~~Company’s acquisition of the additional 30% equity interest on May 2, 2022, operations of RTC Canada are included in the accompanying consolidated financial ~~statements as of May 2, 2022~~statements.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q (or otherwise made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), news releases, conferences, website postings or otherwise) that are not statements of historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. Forward-looking statements include statements about the Company’s financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management of the Company for future operations, as well as statements regarding the effects COVID-19 may have on our business and financial results. These forward-looking statements reflect the best judgments of the Company about the future events and trends based on the beliefs of the Company’s management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company’s management. Use of the words “may,” “should,” “continue,” “plan,” “potential,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect” and “intend” and words or phrases of similar import, as they relate to the Company or its subsidiaries or Company management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current view of the Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Please read Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, for a discussion of certain of those risks. Other unknown or unpredictable factors could also have a material adverse effect on future results. Although the Company believes that its expectations are reasonable as of the date of this Form 10-Q, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. The Company does not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements unless securities laws require it to do so, and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.

The following comments should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Peterbilt® is a registered trademark of Peterbilt Motors Company. PACCAR® is a registered trademark of PACCAR, Inc. PacLease® is a registered trademark of PACCAR Leasing Corporation. Navistar® is a registered trademark of Navistar International Corporation. International® is a registered trademark of Navistar International Transportation Corp. Idealease is a registered trademark of Idealease, Inc. aka Idealease of North America, Inc. Blue Bird® is a registered trademark of Blue Bird Investment Corporation. IC Bus® is a registered trademark of IC Bus, LLC. Hino® is a registered trademark of Hino Motors, Ltd. Isuzu® is a registered trademark of Isuzu Motors Limited. Ford® is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Company. Dennis Eagle®is a registered trademark of Dennis Eagle Limited. Cummins® is a registered trademark of Cummins, Inc. This report contains additional trade names or trademarks of other companies. Our use of such trade names or trademarks should not imply any endorsement or relationship with such companies.

Rush Enterprises, Inc. was incorporated in Texas in 1965 and consists of one reportable segment, the Truck Segment, and conducts business through its subsidiaries. Our principal offices are located at 555 IH 35 South, Suite 500, New Braunfels, Texas 78130.

We are a full-service, integrated retailer of commercial vehicles and related services. The Truck Segment includes our operation of a network of commercial vehicle dealerships under the name “Rush Truck Centers.” Rush Truck Centers primarily sell commercial vehicles manufactured by Peterbilt, International, Hino, Ford, Isuzu, Dennis Eagle, IC Bus and Blue Bird. Through our strategically located network of Rush Truck Centers, we provide one-stop service for the needs of our commercial vehicle customers, including retail sales of new and used commercial vehicles, aftermarket parts sales, service and repair facilities, financing, leasing and rental, and insurance products.

Our Rush Truck Centers are principally located in high traffic areas throughout the United States and Ontario, Canada. Since commencing operations as a Peterbilt heavy-duty truck dealer in 1966, we have grown to operate over 125 franchised Rush Truck Centers in 23 states. In 2019, we purchased a 50% equity interest in an entity in Canada, Rush Truck Centres of Canada Limited (“RTC Canada”) and on May 2, 2022, we purchased an additional 30% equity interest in RTC Canada that increased our equity interest to 80%. RTC Canada currently owns and operates 15 International dealership locations in Ontario. Prior to acquiring the additional 30%, we accounted for the equity interest in RTC Canada using the equity method of accounting. Now, the operating results of RTC Canada are consolidated in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, the Statements of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Balance Sheets and commercial vehicle unit sales data as of May 2, 2022.

Our business strategy consists of providing solutions to the commercial vehicle industry through our network of commercial vehicle dealerships. We offer an integrated approach to meeting customer needs by providing service, parts and collision repairs in addition to new and used commercial vehicle sales and leasing, plus financial services, vehicle upfitting, CNG fuel systems through our joint venture with Cummins and vehicle telematics products. We intend to continue to implement our business strategy, reinforce customer loyalty and remain a market leader by continuing to develop our Rush Truck Centers as we expand our product offerings and extend our dealership network through strategic acquisitions of new locations and opening new dealerships in our existing areas of operation to enable us to better serve our customers.

~~The~~Outlook ~~COVID-19~~~~Pandemic~~~~and~~~~Its~~~~Impact on Our Business~~

While business conditions have improved significantly since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in the second quarter of 2020, our industry continues to be impacted by supply chain issues generally believed to be attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic that are negatively affecting new commercial vehicle production and the availability of aftermarket parts.

A.C.T. Research Co., LLC (“A. C.T. Research”), a commercial vehicle industry data and forecasting service provider, currently forecasts new U.S. Class 8 retail truck sales to be ~~258,600~~259,018 units in ~~2022,~~2023, which would represent a ~~13.7% increase~~0.1% decrease compared to ~~2021.~~2022. We expect our U.S. market share of new Class 8 truck sales to range between 6.2% and ~~6.5%~~6.8% in ~~2022.~~2023. This market share percentage would result in the sale of approximately 16,000 to ~~16,700~~17,500 new Class 8 trucks in ~~2022. We~~2023. Additionally, we expect to sell approximately ~~200 additional~~750 new Class 8 trucks in Canada in ~~the fourth quarter of 2022.~~2023.

With respect to new U.S. Class ~~4-7~~4 through 7 retail commercial vehicle sales, A.C.T. Research currently forecasts sales to be ~~230,975~~253,600 units in ~~2022,~~2023, which would represent ~~a 7.5% decrease~~an 8.6% increase compared to ~~2021.~~2022. We expect our U.S. market share of new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales to range between 4.5% and ~~4.8%~~5.1% in ~~2022.~~2023. This market share percentage would result in the sale of approximately ~~10,500~~11,500 to ~~11,000~~13,000 new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicles in ~~2022. We~~2023. Additionally, we expect to sell approximately ~~60 additional~~300 new Class 5 through 7 commercial vehicles in Canada in ~~the fourth quarter of 2022.~~2023.

We expect to sell approximately 1,800 to 2,000 light-duty vehicles and approximately ~~6,800~~6,500 to ~~7,200~~7,500 used commercial vehicles in ~~2022.~~ 2023.

We expect lease and rental ~~revenues~~revenue to increase ~~28%~~9% to ~~32%~~11% during ~~2022,~~2023, compared to ~~2021.~~2022. This projected increase in lease and rental revenue in 2023, compared to 2022, is primarily related to strong demand for lease commercial vehicles and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

We believe our Aftermarket Products and Services revenues will increase ~~28%~~9% to ~~33%~~12% in ~~2022,~~2023, compared to ~~2021.~~2022. Although inflation on parts pricing is beginning to moderate, we are projecting an increase in Aftermarket Products and Services revenues in 2023, compared to 2022, primarily due to price increases in the second half of 2022 by the manufacturers of parts we sell and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

The above projections for new commercial vehicle sales will depend on our ability to obtain commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent and such projections could be negatively impacted by manufacturer allocation decisions and supply chain issues affecting manufacturers’ production. In addition, we continue to monitor inflation and rising interest rates, which may negatively impact consumer spending and capital expenditures across a variety of industries we support.

All of the above projections for new commercial vehicle sales, lease and rental revenues and Aftermarket Products and Services revenues include the dealership and Idealease locations that we acquired on December 13, 2021, when we completed the acquisition of certain of the assets of the of Summit Truck Group, LLC and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, “Summit”). In addition, all of the above projections for new commercial vehicle sales, lease and rental revenues and Aftermarket Products and Services revenues include RTC Canada.

~~Our discussion and analysis~~The preparation of our ~~financial condition and results of operations are based on our~~interim unaudited consolidated financial statements ~~which have been prepared~~ in accordance with ~~U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements~~GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, atrevenues and expenses and the ~~date~~related disclosures of ~~the~~contingent assets and liabilities in our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. In accordance with GAAP, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the ~~reported amounts of revenues~~circumstances. We evaluate our estimates, judgments and ~~expenses during~~assumptions on an ongoing basis, and while we believe that our estimates, judgments and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the ~~reporting period. There can be no assurance that actual~~time. Actual results ~~will not~~might differ from ~~those estimates. We believe the following~~these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies ~~affect~~are discussed in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our ~~more~~Form 10-K. There were no material changes to our significant ~~judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.~~

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by specific identification of new and used commercial vehicle inventory and by the first-in, first-out method for tires, parts and accessories. As the market value of our inventory typically declines over time, reserves are established based on historical loss experience and market trends. These reserves are charged to cost of sales and reduce the carrying value of our inventory on hand. An allowance is provided when it is anticipated that cost will exceed net realizable value less a reasonable profit margin.accounting policies.

Purchase price allocation for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires the use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. We determine whether substantially all the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, is not a business. If not, we determine whether the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, meets the definition of a business.

In connection with our business combinations, we record certain intangible assets, including franchise rights. We periodically review the estimated useful lives and fair values of our identifiable intangible assets, taking into consideration any events or circumstances that might result in a diminished fair value or revised useful life.

The excess purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. We assess goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. If impaired, the carrying values of the assets are written down to fair value using Level 3 inputs.

We are partially self-insured for a portion of the claims related to our property and casualty insurance programs, which requires us to make estimates regarding expected losses to be incurred. We engage a third-party administrator to assess any open claims and we adjust our accrual accordingly on a periodic basis. We are also partially self-insured for a portion of the claims related to our workers’ compensation and medical insurance programs. We use actuarial information provided from third-party administrators to calculate an accrual for claims incurred, but not reported, and for the remaining portion of claims that have been reported.

Changes in the frequency, severity and development of existing claims could influence our reserve for claims and financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions we used to calculate our self-insured liabilities. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material.

Management’s judgment is required to determine the provisions for income taxes and to determine whether deferred tax assets will be realized in full or in part. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. When it is more likely than not that all or some portion of specific deferred income tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance must be established for the amount of deferred income tax assets that are determined not to be realizable. Accordingly, the facts and financial circumstances impacting deferred income tax assets are reviewed quarterly and management’s judgment is applied to determine the amount of valuation allowance required, if any, in any given period.

Our income tax returns are periodically audited by tax authorities. These audits include questions regarding our tax filing positions, including the timing and amount of deductions. In evaluating the exposures associated with our various tax filing positions, we adjust our liability for unrecognized tax benefits and income tax provision in the period in which an uncertain tax position is effectively settled, the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position or when more information becomes available.

Our liability for unrecognized tax benefits contains uncertainties because management is required to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the exposures associated with our various filing positions. Our effective income tax rate is also affected by changes in tax law, the level of earnings and the results of tax audits. Although we believe that the judgments and estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. An unfavorable tax settlement would generally require use of our cash and result in an increase in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would be recognized as a reduction in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. Our income tax expense includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that we consider appropriate, as well as related interest.

We recognize revenue when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of ASU 2014-09, “~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~(“~~Topic 606~~”), we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations. We then assess whether each promised good or service is distinct and recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

We lease commercial vehicles and real estate under finance and operating leases. We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at its inception. For leases with terms greater than twelve months, we record a lease asset and liability at the present value of lease payments over the term. Many of our leases include renewal options and termination options that are factored into our determination of lease payments when appropriate.

When available, we use the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, most of our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, we must estimate our incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on information available at lease commencement.

We lease commercial vehicles that we own to customers. Lease and rental revenue is recognized over the period of the related lease or rental agreement. Variable rental revenue is recognized when it is earned.

All trade receivables are reported on the consolidated balance sheet at their cost basis adjusted for any write-offs and net of allowances for credit losses. We maintain allowances for credit losses, which represent an estimate of expected losses over the remaining contractual life of our receivables after considering current market conditions and estimates for supportable forecasts, when appropriate. The estimate is a result of our ongoing assessments and evaluations of collectability, historical loss experience, and future expectations in estimating credit losses in each of our receivable portfolios (commercial vehicle receivables, manufacturers’ receivables, parts and service receivables, leasing receivables and other trade receivables). For trade receivables, we use the probability of default and our historical loss experience rates by portfolio and apply them to a related aging analysis while also considering customer and economic risk where appropriate. Determination of the proper amount of allowances by portfolio requires us to exercise our judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the provision for credit losses and, as a result, net earnings. The allowances take into consideration numerous quantitative and qualitative factors that include receivable type, historical loss experience, collection experience, current economic conditions, estimates for supportable forecasts (when appropriate) and credit risk characteristics.

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiary, RTC Canada, is its local currency. Results of operations for RTC Canada are translated in USD using the average exchange rate on a monthly basis during the quarter. The assets and liabilities of RTC Canada are translated into USD using the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. The related translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of our Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity in the line item Accumulated other comprehensive income.

The following discussion and analysis includes our historical results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.~~2022.

The following table sets forth certain financial data as a percentage of total ~~revenues for the periods indicated:~~revenues:

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percent of gross profit by revenue source:

The following table sets forth the unit sales and revenues for new heavy-duty, new medium-duty, new light-duty and used commercial vehicles and ~~our~~the absorption ratio (revenue in millions):

Management uses several performance metrics to evaluate the performance of our commercial vehicle dealerships and considers Rush Truck Centers’ “absorption ratio” to be of critical importance. ~~Absorption~~Our absorption ratio is calculated by dividing the gross profit from our Aftermarket Products and Services departments by the overhead expenses of all of a dealership’s departments, except for the selling expenses of the new and used commercial vehicle departments and carrying costs of new and used commercial vehicle inventory. When 100% absorption is achieved, all of the gross profit from the sale of a commercial vehicle, after sales commissions and inventory carrying costs, directly impacts operating profit. Our commercial vehicle dealerships achieved a ~~136.2%~~136.5% absorption ratio for the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023, compared to a ~~134.0%~~136.3% absorption ratio for the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022.

Three Months Ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended ~~September 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022

Total revenues increased ~~$597.8~~$348.6 million, or ~~47.2%~~22.3%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This increase was primarily athe result of ~~strong freight demand which, continues to drive~~ strong demand for new ~~and used~~ commercial vehicles and the ~~Summit acquisition and~~increase in production of commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent. In addition, the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results ~~which~~ increased revenues across all areas of our business.

Our Aftermarket Products and Services revenues ~~totaled $622.1~~increased $105.0 million, or 19.3%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022, up 34.4% from~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in Aftermarket Parts and Services revenues was primarily a result of strong demand, inflation ~~the Summit acquisition~~ and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

Revenues from sales of new and used commercial vehicles increased ~~$412.9~~$226.0 million, or ~~56.6%~~24.2%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in new commercial vehicle revenues was primarily a result of strong demand, the ~~Summit acquisition~~increase in production of commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

We sold ~~4,200~~4,365 new Class 8 trucks in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, a ~~65.5%~~23.7% increase compared to ~~2,537~~3,528 new Class 8 trucks ~~sold~~ in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021. This~~2022. The increase in new Class 8 truck sales was primarily a result of strong demand, ~~for new~~the increase in production of commercial vehicles from the ~~Summit acquisition~~manufacturers we represent and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results. ~~New U.S. Class 8 retail truck sales totaled 67,939 units in the third quarter of 2022, an increase of 27.0% compared to the third quarter of 2021, according to ACT Research.~~

We sold ~~3,223~~3,038 new Class 4 through 7 ~~medium-duty~~ commercial vehicles, including ~~537~~332 buses, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, a ~~15.4%~~41.9% increase compared to ~~2,792~~2,141 new medium-duty commercial vehicles, including ~~410~~193 buses, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. Our new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales increased due to strong demand, ~~for new~~the increase in production of commercial vehicles from the ~~Summit acquisition~~manufacturers we represent and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results. ~~New U.S. Class 4 through 7 retail commercial vehicle sales totaled 60,211 units in the third quarter of 2022, up 0.7% compared to the third quarter of 2021, according to ACT Research.~~

We sold ~~608~~504 new light-duty vehicles in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, a ~~68.4%~~4.8% increase compared to ~~361~~481 new light-duty vehicles ~~sold~~ in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. Our light-duty vehicle sales benefited from the increased demand for light-duty vehicles in the U.S.

We sold ~~1,763~~1,684 used commercial vehicles in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, a ~~3.0% increase~~29.7% decrease compared to ~~1,712~~2,395 used commercial vehicles in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. The decrease in used commercial vehicle sales was primarily the result of the decreased demand for used commercial vehicles resulting from the increased supply of new commercial vehicles. We believe used commercial vehicle demand and values will continue to decrease as new commercial vehicle production increases to a level adequate to meet customer demand.

Commercial vehicle lease and rental revenues increased ~~$23.0~~$15.3 million, or ~~36.7%~~21.5%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This increase in commercial vehicle lease and rental revenues was primarily a result of strong demand for ~~rental~~lease commercial vehicles ~~the Summit acquisition~~ and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

Finance and insurance revenues ~~increased $0.8~~decreased $1.0 million, or ~~11.5%~~12.7%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. Finance and insurance revenues have limited direct costs and, therefore, contribute a disproportionate share of our operating profits. We expect finance and insurance revenues to fluctuate proportionately with our new and used commercial vehicle sales in 2023.

Other revenue increased $3.2 million, or 60.1%, in the first quarter of 2023, compared to the first quarter of 2022. Other revenue consists primarily of document fees related to commercial vehicle sales.

Gross profit increased ~~$99.1~~$53.3 million, or ~~35.1%~~15.4%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of 2021. This increase in gross profit is primarily due to strong demand for commercial vehicles and aftermarket services, the Summit acquisition and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.2022. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to ~~20.5%~~20.9% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, from ~~22.3%~~22.1% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This decrease in gross profit as a percentage of sales is a result of a change in our product sales mix. Commercial vehicle sales, a lower margin revenue item, increased as a percentage of total revenues to ~~61.3%~~60.8% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, from ~~57.6%~~59.9% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. Aftermarket Services revenues, a higher margin revenue item, decreased as a percentage of total revenues to ~~33.4%~~33.9% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, from ~~36.6%~~34.8% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022.

Gross margins from our Aftermarket Products and Services operations decreased to ~~39.1%~~38.0% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022, from 39.3%~~2023, compared to 38.5% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This decrease is primarily related to inflation beginning to moderate with respect to parts pricing. Gross ~~profit for the Aftermarket Products and Services departments increased to $243.4 million in the third quarter of 2022, from $182.2 million in the third quarter of 2021. This increase in gross~~ profit from our Aftermarket Products and Services operations increased to $246.1 million in the first quarter of 2023, from $209.1 million in the first quarter of 2022. This increase is primarily ~~due~~related to ~~increases in parts pricing, increases in parts rebates from our parts suppliers, the Summit acquisition and~~ the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating ~~results.~~results and strong parts and service demand. Historically, gross margins on parts sales range from 28% to 30% and gross margins on service and collision center operations range from 66% to 68%. Gross profits from parts sales represented ~~62.8%~~61.4% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~62.4%~~59.5% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. Service and collision center operations represented ~~37.2%~~38.6% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~37.6%~~40.5% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. We expect blended gross margins on Aftermarket Products and Services operations to range from 37.5% to 38.5% in 2023.

Gross margins on new Class 8 truck sales increased to ~~9.9%~~10.3% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, from ~~8.7%~~9.7% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This increase iswas primarily due to strong demand for new Class 8 trucks and the mix of purchasers during the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023. In ~~2022,~~2023, we expect overall gross margins from new heavy-duty truck sales of approximately 8.8% to 9.9%.

Gross margins on new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales ~~slightly decreased~~increased to ~~7.9%~~8.7% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, from ~~8.0%~~8.6% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This increase was primarily due to the mix of purchasers during the first quarter of 2023. For ~~2022,~~2023, we expect overall gross margins from new medium-duty commercial vehicle sales of approximately 7.5% to 8.5%, but this will largely depend upon the mix of purchasers and types of vehicles sold.

Gross margins on used commercial vehicle sales decreased to 1.6% in the third quarter of 2022, from 19.7% in the third quarter of 2021. This decrease is primarily due to declining used truck values as new Class 8 vehicle production begins to increase. We expect margins on used commercial vehicles to reach a range between 6.0% and 8.0% by the end of 2022.

Gross margins on used commercial vehicle sales decreased to 5.6% in the first quarter of 2023, from 15.9% in the first quarter of 2022. This decrease was primarily due to declining used commercial vehicle values as new Class 8 vehicle production increased during 2022. We expect margins on used commercial vehicles to return to our historical range of between 8.0% and 10.0% in 2023.

Gross margins from truck lease and rental sales ~~increased~~decreased to ~~31.8%~~30.2% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, from ~~25.1%~~31.9% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This ~~increase~~decrease is primarily related to ~~increased~~a slight decrease in rental fleet utilization and changes to the way we finance commercial vehicles for our lease and rental fleet. In September of 2021, we entered into a credit agreement (“the WF Credit Agreement”) with the lenders signatory thereto (the “WF Lenders”) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“WF”), as Administrative Agent (in such capacity, the “WF Agent”) that allows us to finance a portion of our Idealease lease and rental fleet through a general borrowing facility. In October of 2021, we entered into that certain Amended and Restated Inventory Financing and Purchase Money Security Agreement with PLC, a division of PACCAR Financial Corp. (the “PLC Agreement”) in the amount of $300.0 million to be used in connection with the acquisition of PacLease lease and rental fleet vehicles. The interest associated with the WF Credit Agreement and the PLC Agreement is recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Prior to the WF Credit Agreement and the PLC Agreement, interest expense associated with our lease and rental fleet purchases was recorded in cost of sales because each borrowing was directly related to each lease and rental vehicle purchased. This change in the structure of financing of our lease and rental fleet results in increased gross margins from our commercial vehicle lease and rental sales.utilization. We expect gross margins from lease and rental sales of approximately 29.0% to 31.0% ~~to 33.0%~~ during ~~2022.~~2023. Our policy is to depreciate our lease and rental fleet using a straight-line method over each customer’s contractual lease term. The lease unit is depreciated to a residual value that approximates fair value at the expiration of the lease term. This policy results in us realizing reasonable gross margins while the unit is in service and a corresponding gain or loss on sale when the unit is sold at the end of the lease term.

Finance and insurance revenues and other income, as described above, have limited direct costs and, therefore, contribute a disproportionate share of gross profit.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased ~~$62.7~~$32.4 million, or ~~34.9%~~14.4%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This increase primarily resulted from increased personnel expense and increased selling expense, compared to the first quarter of 2022, and in addition, increased general and administrative expense associated with ~~the Summit acquisition and~~ consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results. SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues decreased to ~~13.0%~~13.4% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, from ~~14.2%~~14.4% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. Annual SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues have ranged from approximately 12.4% to ~~14.3%~~14.4% over the last five years. In general, when new and used commercial vehicle revenues ~~decrease~~increase as a percentage of total revenues, SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues will be at the ~~higher~~lower end of this range. For ~~2022,~~2023, we expect SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues to range from 13.0% to 14.0%~~, due to the increase in revenues from sales of new and used commercial vehicles and Aftermarket Products and Services revenues. We~~. For 2023, we expect the selling portion of SG&A expenses to be approximately 25.0% to 30.0% of new and used commercial vehicle gross profit.

~~Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.8~~Other income decreased $11.7 million, or ~~6.3%~~83.3%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. The $12.5 million gain realized on Cummins’ acquisition of a 50% equity interest in Momentum Fuel Technologies is included in Other income in the first quarter of 2022.

Net interest expense increased ~~$6.0~~$9.8 million, or ~~2,215.5%~~801.0%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This increase in interest expense is a result of the increase in inventory levels and rising interest rates on our variable rate debt compared to ~~2021.~~2022. We expect net interest expense in 2023, compared to 2022, to increase due to interest related to ~~lease and rental borrowings~~our working capital lines of credit and floor plan debt, but the amount of the increase will depend on inventory levels, interest rate fluctuations and the amount of cash available to make prepayments on our floor plan arrangements.

As a result of the factors described above, income from continuing operations before income taxes ~~increased $28.7~~decreased $1.2 million, or ~~31.2%~~1.0%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022.

Income taxes increased ~~$7.4~~$0.5 million, or ~~33.1%~~1.6%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. We provided for taxes at a ~~24.79%~~23.8% effective rate in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~24.75%~~23.2% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. We expect our effective tax rate to be approximately 23.0% to 24.0% of pretax income in ~~2022.~~2023.

~~Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021~~

Unless otherwise stated below, our variance explanations and future expectations with regard to the items discussed in this section are set forth in the discussion of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2021.

~~Total revenues increased $1,404.4 million, or 36.8%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Aftermarket Products and Services revenues increased $439.4 million, or 33.2%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Revenues from the sales of new and used commercial vehicles increased $901.8 million, or 39.7%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

We sold 11,896 new Class 8 heavy-duty trucks during the first nine months of 2022, a 40.2% increase compared to 8,486 new Class 8 heavy-duty trucks in the first nine months of 2021. According to A.C.T. Research, new U.S. Class 8 truck sales increased 9.3% in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.

We sold 8,179 new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 1,041 buses, during the first nine months of 2022, a 2.9% increase compared to 7,951 new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 788 buses, in the first nine months of 2021. A.C.T. Research estimates that unit sales of new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicles, including buses, in the U.S decreased approximately 7.4% in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.

~~We sold 1,497 new light-duty commercial vehicles during the first nine months of 2022, a 21.9% increase compared to 1,228 light-duty commercial vehicles in the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~We sold 5,787 used commercial vehicles during the first nine months of 2022, a 1.0% increase compared to 5,730 used commercial vehicles in the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Truck lease and rental revenues increased $55.2 million, or 30.3%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Finance and insurance revenues increased $2.2 million, or 10.6%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

Gross profit increased $303.2 million, or 38.0%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021. Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased to 21.1% in the first nine months of 2022, from 20.9% in the first nine months of 2021.

Gross margins from our Aftermarket Products and Services operations increased to 38.8% in the first nine months of 2022, from 38.1% in the first nine months of 2021. Gross profit for the Aftermarket Products and Services departments was $683.5 million in the first nine months of 2022, compared to $504.5 million in the first nine months of 2021. Gross profits from parts sales represented 63.0% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the first nine months of 2022 and 61.0% in the first nine months of 2021. Service and collision center operations represented 37.0% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the first nine months of 2022 and 39.0% in the first nine months of 2021.

~~Gross margins on new Class 8 truck sales increased to 9.9% in the first nine months of 2022, from 8.9% in the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Gross margins on new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicle sales increased to 7.9% in the first nine months of 2022, from 7.5% in the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Gross margins on used commercial vehicle sales decreased to 10.2% in the first nine months of 2022, from 18.4% in the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Gross margins from truck lease and rental sales increased to 31.6% in the first nine months of 2022, from 21.3% in the first nine months of 2021.~~

SG&A expenses increased $152.8 million, or 28.3%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021. SG&A expenses equaled 13.3% of total revenue in the first nine months of 2022, and 14.1% in the first nine months of 2021.

~~Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.3 million, or 3.1%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Net interest expense increased $10.1 million, or 1,783.7%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

~~Income before income taxes increased $157.8 million, or 70.7%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021.~~

Income taxes increased $36.8 million, or 73.0%, in the first nine months of 2022, compared to the first nine months of 2021. We provided for taxes at a 22.9% rate in the first nine months of 2022 and a 23.0% rate in the first nine months of 2021.

Our short-term cash requirements are primarily for working capital, inventory financing, the renovation and expansion of existing facilities and the construction or purchase of new facilities. Historically, these cash requirements have been met through the retention of profits, borrowings under our floor plan arrangements and bank financings. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had working capital of approximately ~~$390.0~~$460.9 million, including $226.3 million in cash, available to fund our ~~operations, including $219.5 million in cash.~~operations. We believe that these funds, together with expected cash flows from operations, are sufficient to meet our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months. From time to time, we utilize our excess cash on hand to pay down our outstanding borrowings under ~~our~~various credit agreements. The resulting interest earned on the floor plan credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank N.A. (“BMO Harris”) (the “Floor Plan Credit Agreement”) ~~and the WF Credit Agreement. The resulting interest earned on the Floor Plan Credit Agreement~~ is recognized as an offset to our interest expense.

We continually evaluate our liquidity and capital resources based upon: (i) our cash and cash equivalents on hand; (ii) the funds that we expect to generate through future operations; (iii) current and expected borrowing availability under our secured line of credit, working capital lines of credit available under certain of our credit agreements and our Floor Plan Credit Agreement; and (iv) the potential impact of our capital allocation strategy and any contemplated or pending future transactions, including, but not limited to, acquisitions, equity repurchases, dividends, or other capital expenditures. We believe we will have sufficient liquidity to meet our debt service and working capital requirements, commitments and contingencies, debt repayments, acquisitions, capital expenditures and any operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.

We have a secured line of credit that provides for a maximum borrowing of ~~$15.0~~$20.0 million. There were no advances outstanding under this secured line of credit on ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, however, ~~$14.3~~$18.1 million was pledged to secure various letters of credit related to self-insurance products, leaving ~~$0.7~~$1.9 million available for future borrowings as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

Our long-term debt, floor plan financing agreements and the credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association the (“WF Credit ~~Agreement~~Agreement”) require us to satisfy various financial ratios such as the leverage ratio, the asset coverage ratio and the fixed charge coverage ratio. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all debt covenants related to debt secured by lease and rental units, our floor plan credit agreements and the WF Credit Agreement. We do not anticipate any breach of the covenants in the foreseeable future.

We expect to purchase or lease commercial vehicles worth approximately ~~$150.0~~$170.0 million to ~~$170.0~~$180.0 million for our leasing operations during ~~2022,~~2023, depending on customer demand, most of which will be financed. We also expect to make capital expenditures for the purchase of recurring items such as computers, shop tools and equipment and company vehicles of approximately $35.0 million to $40.0 million during ~~2022.~~2023.

We are currently under contract to construct a new facility in ~~Pontoon Beach,~~the St. Louis, Illinois area at an estimated cost of $13.9 million.

During the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, we paid a cash dividend of ~~$11.5~~$12.1 million. Additionally, on ~~October 25, 2022,~~April 24, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.21 per share of Class A and Class B Common Stock, to be paid on ~~December~~June 9, ~~2022,~~2023, to all shareholders of record as of ~~November~~May 10, ~~2022.~~2023. The total dividend disbursement is estimated at approximately ~~$11.5~~$11.4 million. We expect to continue paying cash dividends on a quarterly basis. However, there is no assurance as to future dividends because the declaration and payment of such dividends is subject to the business judgment of our Board of Directors and will depend on historic and projected earnings, capital requirements, covenant compliance and financial conditions and such other factors as our Board of Directors deem relevant.

On ~~November 30, 2021,~~December 2, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program authorizing management to repurchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate of ~~$100.0~~$150.0 million of our shares of Class A ~~Common Stock~~common stock and/or Class B ~~Common Stock.~~common stock. In connection with the adoption of the new stock repurchase plan, we terminated the prior stock repurchase plan, which was scheduled to expire on December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Repurchases, if any, will be made at times and in amounts as we deem appropriate and may be made through open market transactions at prevailing market prices, privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. The actual timing, number and value of repurchases under the stock repurchase program will be determined by management at its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including market conditions, stock price and other factors, including those related to the ownership requirements of our dealership agreements with Peterbilt. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had repurchased ~~$91.8~~$31.1 million of our shares of common stock under the current stock repurchase program. The current stock repurchase program expires on December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

We anticipate funding the capital expenditures for the improvement and expansion of existing facilities and recurring expenses through our operating cash flows. We have the ability to fund the construction or purchase of new facilities through our operating cash flows or by financing.

We have no other material commitments for capital expenditures as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. However, we will continue to purchase vehicles for our lease and rental operations and authorize capital expenditures for the improvement or expansion of our existing dealership facilities and construction or purchase of new facilities based on market opportunities.

~~Cash and~~The following table summarizes our cash ~~equivalents increased by $71.4 million during~~flows for the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022 and decreased by $52.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The major components of these changes are discussed below.~~periods indicated (in thousands):

Cash flows from operating activities include net income adjusted for non-cash items and the effects of changes in working capital. During the first ~~nine months~~quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, operating activities resulted in net cash provided by operations of ~~$183.3~~$92.5 million. Net cash provided by operating activities primarily consisted of ~~$293.8~~$90.8 million in net income, as well as non-cash adjustments related to depreciation and amortization of ~~$146.5~~$53.9 million, ~~gain on sale~~deferred income tax provision of ~~property~~$3.2 million and ~~equipment, gain on joint venture and gain on business acquisition of $21.9 million,~~ stock-based compensation of ~~$21.6 million and the benefit for deferred income tax expense of $7.9~~$13.1 million. Cash ~~used~~provided by operating activities included an aggregate of ~~$264.5~~$65.2 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in the net change in operating assets and liabilities ~~were~~was primarily cash ~~inflows~~outflows of ~~$44.1~~$9.0 million from the increase in accounts ~~payable, $9.7~~receivable, $52.8 million from the increase in inventory, $15.9 million from the decrease in customer deposits and ~~$25.5~~$11.5 million from the ~~increase~~decrease in accrued expenses, which ~~was~~were offset ~~primarily~~ by cash ~~outflows~~inflows of ~~$264.7~~$27.1 million from the ~~increase in inventories and $75.1 million from the~~net increase in accounts ~~receivable.~~payable. The majority of our commercial vehicle inventory is financed through our floor plan credit agreements.

During the first ~~nine months~~quarter of ~~2021,~~2022, operating activities resulted in net cash provided by operations of ~~$438.6~~$34.6 million. Net cash provided by operating activities primarily consisted of ~~$172.8~~$92.5 million in net income adjusted by the gain of $12.5 million related to Cummins, Inc.’s acquisition of a 50% equity interest in Momentum Fuel Technologies, as well as non-cash adjustments related to depreciation and amortization of ~~$126.7~~$45.8 million, deferred income tax provision of $1.0 million and stock-based compensation of ~~$18.3 million and the benefit for deferred income tax expense of $23.0~~$13.8 million. Cash provided by operating activities included an aggregate of ~~$148.2~~$101.7 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in the net change in operating assets and liabilities ~~were~~was primarily cash ~~inflows~~outflows of ~~$147.3 million from the decrease in inventories, $23.2 million from the decrease in accounts receivable and $16.7~~$58.8 million from the increase in accounts ~~payable, which was offset by cash outflows of $8.4~~receivable, $98.3 million from ~~decreases~~the increase in ~~accrued liabilities and $30.4~~inventory, $8.7 million from the decrease in customer ~~deposits.~~

During the first ~~nine months~~quarter of 2023, cash used in investing activities totaled $95.5 million. Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures within acquisition of property and equipment. Capital expenditures totaled $90.4 million during the first quarter of 2023 and consisted primarily of purchases of property and equipment, improvements to our existing dealership facilities and $75.2 million for purchases of rental and lease vehicles for the rental and leasing operations.

During the first quarter of 2022, cash used in investing activities ~~was $168.2~~totaled $16.3 million. Cash flows used in investing activities ~~consists~~consist primarily of cash used for capital ~~expenditures.~~expenditures within acquisition of property and equipment. Capital expenditures ~~were $175.2~~totaled $45.7 million during the first ~~nine months~~quarter of 2022 and consisted primarily of purchases of property and equipment, ~~and~~ improvements to our existing dealership ~~facilities. Property~~facilities and ~~equipment purchases during the first nine months of 2022 included $122.3~~$27.8 million for ~~additional units~~purchases of rental and lease vehicles for the rental and leasing operations.

~~During~~ The cash outflows were offset by the ~~first nine months~~cash inflow of ~~2021, cash used~~$27.5 million related to Cummins, Inc.’s acquisition of a 50% equity interest in investing activities was $121.4 million. Cash flows used in investing activities consists primarily of cash used for capital expenditures. Capital expenditures were $122.3 million during the first nine months of 2021 and consisted primarily of purchases of property and equipment and improvements to our existing dealership facilities. Property and equipment purchases during the first nine months of 2021 included $88.0 million for additional units for the rental and leasing operations.Momentum Fuel Technologies.

Cash flows from financing activities include borrowings and repayments of long-term debt and net proceeds of floor plan notes payable, non-trade. During the first ~~nine months~~quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, financingactivities ~~resulted~~provided $28.3 million in net cash ~~provided in financing of $56.6 million,~~flow. Cash outflows were primarily related to $277.3 million from net draws on floor plan notes payable, non-trade, $695.2 million from borrowings of long-term debt and $11.1 million from the issuance of shares related to equity compensation plans. These cash inflows were offset by cash outflows of $799.8$275.3 million used for principal repayments of long-term debt and ~~capital~~finance lease obligations, ~~$52.3~~$24.0 million used for ~~repurchases~~the repurchase of our common stock ~~$8.7 million for taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards~~ and ~~$33.1~~$12.1 million used for ~~payment of cash dividends.~~

~~During~~ the ~~first nine months of 2021, financing~~activities resulted in net cash used in financing of $369.6 million, primarily related to $157.4 million from net payments on floor plan notes payable, non-trade, $232.8 million used for principal repayments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations, $21.7 million used for repurchases of common stock and $30.5 million used for payment of cash dividends. These cash outflows were offset by cash inflows ~~of $6.4 million from the issuance of shares~~ related to ~~equity compensation plans and~~ borrowings of ~~$66.4~~$257.7 million of long-term ~~debt. The borrowings~~debt and $82.6 million used for net draws on floor plan (non-trade).

During the first quarter of 2022, financing activities provided $43.1 million in net cash flow. Cash outflows were primarily related to ~~purchasing units~~$208.0 million used for principal repayments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations, $14.4 million used for the ~~rental~~repurchase of our common stock and ~~leasing operations.~~$11.1 million used for the payment of cash dividends. These cash outflows were offset by cash inflows related to borrowings of $207.5 million of long-term debt and $71.5 million used for net draws on floor plan (non-trade).

On September 14, 2021, we entered into the WF Credit Agreement with the ~~WF Lenders~~lenders signatory thereto (the “WF Lenders”) and ~~the WF Agent.~~Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“WF”), as Administrative Agent (in such capacity, The “WF Agent”) which was amended effective November 30, 2022. Pursuant to the terms of the WF Credit Agreement (as amended), the WF Lenders have agreed to make up to ~~$250.0~~$175.0 million of revolving credit loans for certain of our capital expenditures, including commercial vehicle purchases for our Idealease leasing and rental fleet, and general working capital needs. We expect to use the revolving credit loans available under the WF Credit Agreement primarily for the purpose of purchasing commercial vehicles for our Idealease lease and rental fleet. We may borrow, repay and reborrow amounts pursuant to the WF Credit Agreement from time to time until the maturity date. Borrowings under the WF Credit Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on each interest payment date, as defined in the WF Credit Agreement, at (A) the daily ~~SOFR~~simple, secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) plus (i) 1.25% or (ii) 1.5%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio or (B) on or after the term SOFR transition date, the term SOFR ~~rate~~ plus (i) 1.25% or (ii) 1.5%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The WF Credit Agreement expires on September 14, 2024, although, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the WF Agent has the right to, or upon the request of the required lenders must, terminate the commitments and declare all outstanding principal and interest due and payable. We may terminate the commitments at any time. On ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had approximately ~~$73.1~~$50.0 million outstanding under the WF Credit Agreement.

On October 1, 2021, we entered into ~~the PLC Agreement.~~that certain Amended and Restated Inventory Financing and Purchase Money Security Agreement with PACCAR Leasing Company (“PLC”), a division of PACCAR Financial Corp. (the “PLC Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the PLC Agreement, PLC agreed to make up to $300.0 million of revolving credit loans to finance certain of our capital expenditures, including commercial vehicle purchases and other equipment to be leased or rented through our PacLease franchises. We may borrow, repay and reborrow amounts pursuant to the PLC Agreement from time to time until the maturity date, provided, however, that the outstanding principal amount on any date shall not exceed the borrowing base. Advances under the PLC Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on the fifth day of the following month, at our option, at either (A) the prime rate, minus 1.55%, provided that the floating rate of interest is subject to a floor of 0%, or (B) a fixed rate, to be determined between us and PLC in each instance of borrowing at a fixed rate. The PLC Agreement expires on October 1, 2025, although either party has the right to terminate the PLC Agreement at any time upon 180 days written notice. If we terminate the PLC Agreement prior to October 1, 2025, then all payments will be deemed to be voluntary prepayments subject to a potential prepayment premium. On ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had approximately ~~$185.0~~$150.0 million outstanding under the PLC Agreement.

Most of our commercial vehicle purchases are made on terms requiring payment to the manufacturer within 15 to 60 days or less from the date the commercial vehicles are invoiced from the factory. On September 14, 2021, we entered into Floor Plan Credit Agreement with BMO Harris and the lenders signatory thereto. The Floor Plan Credit Agreement includes an aggregate loan commitment of $1.0 billion. Borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement bear interest at an annual rate equal to (A) the greater of (i) zero and (ii) one month ~~LIBOR rate,~~London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), determined on the last day of the prior month, plus (B) 1.10% and are payable monthly. Loans under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement for the purchase of used inventory are limited to $150.0 million and loans for working capital purposes are limited to $200.0 million. The Floor Plan Credit Agreement expires September 14, 2026, although BMO Harris has the right to terminate at any time upon 360 days written notice and we may terminate at any time, subject to specified limited exceptions. On ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had approximately ~~$727.3~~$857.5 million outstanding under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement. The average daily outstanding borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement were ~~$611.6~~$780.9 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. We utilize our excess cash on hand to pay down our outstanding borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement, and the resulting interest earned is recognized as an offset to our gross interest expense under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement.

On May 31, 2022, RTC Canada entered into that certain BMO Revolving Lease and Rental Credit Agreement (the “RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement”) with ~~Bank of Montreal (“BMO”).~~BMO. Pursuant to the terms of the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement, BMO agreed to make up to ~~$140.0~~$120.0 million CAD of revolving credit loans to finance certain of RTC Canada’s capital expenditures, including commercial vehicle purchases and other equipment to be leased or rented through RTC Canada’s Idealease ~~franchise.~~franchise, with an additional $20.0 million CAD available upon the request of RTC Canada and consent of BMO. Advances under the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on the first business day of each calendar month, at the Canadian Offered Dollar ~~Offered~~ Rate ~~(CDOR)~~(“CDOR”), plus 1.35%. The RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement expires September 14, 2026. On ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had approximately ~~$48.9~~$84.4 million CAD outstanding under the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement.

On July 15, 2022, RTC Canada entered into that certain Amended and Restated BMO Wholesale Financing and Security Agreement (the “RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement”) with ~~BMO.~~Bank of Montreal (“BMO”). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, BMO agreed to make up to $116.7 million CAD of revolving credit loans to finance RTC Canada’s purchase of new and used vehicle inventory. Loans to purchase used vehicle inventory are limited to twenty percent (20%) of the credit limit available at such time. RTC Canada may borrow, repay and reborrow loans from time to time until the maturity date, provided, however, that the outstanding principal amount on any date shall not exceed the credit limits set forth above with respect to new and used vehicles. Advances under the RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on the first business day of each calendar month, at CDOR, plus 0.90% and in the case of an advance required to be made in USD dollars, at LIBOR, plus 1.10%. The RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement expires September 14, 2026. On ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had approximately ~~$37.2~~$63.0 million outstanding under the RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement.

Navistar Financial Corporation and Peterbilt offer trade terms that provide an interest-free inventory stocking period for certain new commercial vehicles. This interest-free period is generally 15 to 60 days. If the commercial vehicle is not sold within the interest-free period, we then finance the commercial vehicle under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement.

On ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, our backlog of commercial vehicle orders was approximately ~~$3,300.1~~$4,209.9 million, compared to a backlog of commercial vehicle orders of approximately ~~$2,720.2~~$3,441.4 million on ~~September 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022. This increase in our backlog is primarily due to ~~the Summit acquisition~~strong demand for new commercial vehicles and ~~the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results, in addition to~~ production constraints experienced by the manufacturers we represent. Our backlog is determined quarterly by multiplying the number of new commercial vehicles for each particular type of commercial vehicle ordered by a customer at our Rush Truck Centers by the recent average selling price for that type of commercial vehicle. We include only confirmed orders in our backlog. However, such orders are subject to cancellation. In the event of order cancellation, we have no contractual right to the total revenues reflected in our backlog. The delivery time for a custom-ordered commercial vehicle varies depending on the truck specifications and demand for the particular model ordered. We sell the majority of our new heavy-duty commercial vehicles by customer special order and we sell the majority of our medium- and light-duty commercial vehicles out of inventory. Orders from a number of our major fleet customers are included in our backlog as of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, and we expect to fill the majority of our backlog orders during ~~2022 and the first quarter of~~ 2023, assuming that the manufacturers we represent can meet their current production schedule. Our current backlog continues to be much higher than normal. Given the potential for industry headwinds in the coming months caused by lower spot rates and higher interest rates, ~~and fuel prices,~~ which could negatively impact industry demand for new commercial vehicles moving forward, we believe that the longer it takes to fill our backlog, the greater the risk that a significant amount of commercial vehicle orders currently reflected in our backlog could be cancelled.

Our Truck Segment is moderately seasonal. Seasonal effects on new commercial vehicle sales related to the seasonal purchasing patterns of any single customer type are mitigated by the diverse geographic locations of our dealerships and our diverse customer base, including regional and national fleets, local and state governments, corporations and owner-operators. However, ~~commercial vehicle~~ Aftermarket Products and Services operations historically have experienced higher sales volumes in the second and third quarters.

Our business is dependent on a number of factors including general economic conditions, fuel prices, interest rate fluctuations, credit availability, environmental and other government regulations and customer business cycles. Unit sales of new commercial vehicles have historically been subject to substantial cyclical variation based on these general economic conditions. According to data published by A.C.T. Research, total U.S. retail sales of new Class 8 commercial vehicles have ranged from a low of approximately ~~110,000~~187,600 in ~~2010,~~2013, to a high of approximately 281,440 in 2019. Through geographic expansion, concentration on higher margin Aftermarket Products and Services and diversification of our customer base, we have attempted to reduce the negative impact of adverse general economic conditions or cyclical trends affecting the Class 8 commercial vehicle industry on our earnings.

We are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations governing the following: discharges into the air and water; the operation and removal of underground and aboveground storage tanks; the use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, petroleum and other materials; and the investigation and remediation of environmental impacts. As with commercial vehicle dealerships generally, and vehicle service, parts and collision center operations in particular, our business involves the generation, use, storage, handling and contracting for recycling or disposal of hazardous materials or wastes and other environmentally sensitive materials. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, capital and operating expenditures and other costs in complying with such laws and regulations.

Our operations involving the use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous and nonhazardous materials are subject to the requirements of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, and comparable state statutes. Pursuant to these laws, federal and state environmental agencies have established approved methods for handling, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of regulated substances with which we must comply. Our business also involves the operation and use of aboveground and underground storage tanks. These storage tanks are subject to periodic testing, containment, upgrading and removal under RCRA and comparable state statutes. Furthermore, investigation or remediation may be necessary in the event of leaks or other discharges from current or former underground or aboveground storage tanks.

We may also have liability in connection with materials that were sent to third‑party recycling, treatment, or disposal facilities under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, and comparable state statutes. These statutes impose liability for investigation and remediation of environmental impacts without regard to fault or the legality of the conduct that contributed to the impacts. Responsible parties under these statutes may include the owner or operator of the site where impacts occurred and companies that disposed, or arranged for the disposal, of the hazardous substances released at these sites. These responsible parties also may be liable for damages to natural resources. In addition, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other materials into the environment.

The federal Clean Water Act and comparable state statutes require containment of potential discharges of oil or hazardous substances, and require preparation of spill contingency plans. Water quality protection programs govern certain discharges from some of our operations. Similarly, the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state statutes regulate emissions of various air emissions through permitting programs and the imposition of standards and other requirements.

The Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”), on behalf of the U.S. Department of Transportation, issued rules associated with reducing greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and improving the fuel efficiency of medium and heavy-duty trucks and buses for current model years through 2027. In addition, in August 2021, the President of the United States issued an executive order intended to increase fuel efficiency, further reduce GHG emissions and speed up the development of “zero-emission” vehicles. The executive order calls for the EPA and the Secretary of Transportation to adopt new rules and regulations for commercial vehicles starting as early as model year 2027. Similarly, in June 2020, the California Air Resources Board adopted a final rule that is intended to phase out the sale of diesel-powered commercial vehicles over time by requiring a certain percentage of each manufacturer’s commercial vehicles sold within the state to be “zero-emission vehicles,” or “near-zero emission vehicles,” starting in model year 2024. In addition, in July 2020, a group of fifteen U.S. states and the District of Columbia entered into a joint memorandum of understanding that commits each of them to work together to advance and accelerate the market for electric Class 3 through 8 commercial vehicles; two additional states have since signed. ~~Five~~Six of the states that signed are states where we operate new commercial vehicle dealerships: California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina and Virginia. The signatories to the memorandum all agreed on a goal of ensuring that 100% of new Class 3 through 8 commercial vehicles are zero emission by 2050, with an interim target of 30% zero emission vehicles by 2030. Attaining these goals would likely require the adoption of new laws and regulations and we cannot predict at this time whether such laws and regulations would have an adverse impact on our business. Additional regulations could result in increased compliance costs, additional operating restrictions or changes in demand for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We do not believe that we currently have any material environmental liabilities or that compliance with environmental laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, soil and groundwater impacts are known to exist at some of our dealerships. Further, environmental laws and regulations are complex and subject to change. In addition, in connection with acquisitions, it is possible that we will assume or become subject to new or unforeseen environmental costs or liabilities, some of which may be material. In connection with our dispositions, or prior dispositions made by companies we acquire, we may retain exposure for environmental costs and liabilities, some of which may be material. Compliance with current or amended, or new or more stringent, laws or regulations, stricter interpretations of existing laws or the future discovery of environmental conditions could require additional expenditures by us, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In addition, such laws could affect demand for the products that we sell.

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company due to adverse changes in financial market prices, including interest rate risk, and other relevant market rate or price risks.

We are exposed to market risk through interest rates related to our floor plan financing agreements, the WF Credit Agreement, the PLC Agreement, the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement and discount rates related to finance sales. Our floor plan debt is based on LIBOR and CDOR, the WF Credit Agreement is based on SOFR, the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement is based on CDOR and the PLC Agreement is based on the prime rate. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had outstanding floor plan borrowings and lease and rental fleet borrowings in the aggregate amount of ~~$1,242.9~~$1,278.4 million. Assuming an increase or decrease in LIBOR, SOFR, CDOR or the prime rate of 100 basis points, annual interest expense could correspondingly increase or decrease by approximately ~~$12.4~~$12.8 million.

The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to Company management, including the principal executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

From time to time, we are involved in litigation arising out of our operations in the ordinary course of business. We maintain liability insurance, including product liability coverage, in amounts deemed adequate by management. However, an uninsured or partially insured claim, or claim for which indemnification is not available, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we believe that there are no pending claims or litigation, individually or in the aggregate, that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations for the fiscal period in which such resolution occurred.

While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Item 1A, Part I of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the ~~“2021~~“2022 Annual Report”) describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business that have the potential to materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

There has been no material change in our risk factors disclosed in our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report.

~~The Company~~We did not make any unregistered sales of equity securities during the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023.

A summary of the Company’s stock repurchase activity for the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 is as follows:

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION			Page

	Item 1.	Financial Statements	3

		Consolidated Balance Sheets - ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	3

		Consolidated Statements of Income - For the Three ~~and Nine~~ Months Ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ (unaudited)	4

		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - For the Three ~~and Nine~~ Months Ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ (unaudited)	5

		Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – For the Three ~~and Nine~~ Months Ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ (unaudited)	6

		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - For the ~~Nine~~Three Months Ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ (unaudited)	87

		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	98

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1613

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3024

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3024



PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3024

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3124

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3125

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3125

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	3125

	Item 5.	Other Information	3125

	Item 6.	Exhibits	3226

SIGNATURES			3327

	Truck Segment		All Other		Total		Truck Segment		All Other		Totals

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2022

As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023
Revenues from external customers	$	1,859,823	$	4,463	$	1,864,286	$	1,907,941	$	3,826	$	1,911,767
Segment operating income		126,770		267		127,037		127,563		213		127,776
Segment income before taxes		120,373		174		120,547		118,927		213		119,140
Segment assets		3,688,151		54,428		3,742,579		3,913,928		55,624		3,969,552

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022

Revenues from external customers	$	5,205,802	$	12,927	$	5,218,729
Segment operating income		368,596		963		369,559
Segment income before taxes		380,397		682		381,079

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2021

As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022
Revenues from external customers	$	1,261,885	$	4,636	$	1,266,521	$	1,559,051	$	4,151	$	1,563,202
Segment operating income		89,841		328		90,169		107,320		179		107,499
Segment income before taxes		91,595		254		91,849		120,259		85		120,344
Segment assets		2,722,614		54,715		2,777,329		3,266,895		54,653		3,321,548

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021

Revenues from external customers	$	3,801,675	$	12,667	$	3,814,342
Segment operating income		217,953		1,232		219,185
Segment income before taxes		222,218		1,017		223,235

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Commercial vehicle sales revenue	$	1,142,201	$	729,344	$	3,176,175	$	2,274,332	$	1,161,725	$	935,719
Parts revenue		373,207		274,551		1,080,552		778,479		384,418		330,743
Commercial vehicle repair service revenue		248,923		188,469		683,139		545,804		263,808		212,520
Finance revenue		4,113		3,757		13,211		12,210		3,508		4,489
Insurance revenue		3,526		3,094		9,708		8,513		3,063		3,036
Other revenue		6,628		4,617		18,383		12,692		8,579		5,360
Total	$	1,778,598	$	1,203,832	$	4,981,168	$	3,632,030	$	1,825,101	$	1,491,867

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Minimum rental payments	$	75,160	$	61,998
Nonlease payments		11,506		9,337
Total	$	86,666	$	71,335

	Balance December 31, 2021		Provision for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022		Write offs Against Allowance, net of Recoveries			Balance September 30, 2022
										Balance December 31, 2022		Provision for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023			Write offs Against Allowance, net of Recoveries			Balance March 31, 2023
Commercial vehicle receivables	$	76	$	105	$	−		$	181	$	160	$	(78	)	$	−		$	82
Manufacturers’ receivables		419		1,368		(1,203	)		584		573		353			(241	)		685
Leasing, parts and service receivables		1,069		2,083		(1,486	)		1,666		1,589		1,023			(761	)		1,851
Other receivables		26		−		(1	)		25		−		−			22			22
Total	$	1,590	$	3,556	$	(2,690	)	$	2,456	$	2,322	$	1,298		$	(980	)	$	2,640

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2022			2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	293,789		$	172,776
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		146,477			126,691
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(2,433	)		(1,157	)
Gain on joint venture transaction		(12,500	)		–
Gain on business acquisition		(6,958	)		–
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and employee stock purchases		21,550			18,347
Deferred income tax benefit		7,921			(23,029	)
Change in accounts receivable, net		(75,066	)		23,200
Change in inventories, net		(264,687	)		147,254
Change in prepaid expenses and other, net		875			(107	)
Change in trade accounts payable		44,069			16,676
Change in customer deposits		9,650			(30,386	)
Change in accrued expenses		25,464			(8,403	)
Other, net		(4,832	)		(3,217	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		183,319			438,645
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment		(175,243	)		(122,318	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		7,014			2,576
Business disposition		27,500			–
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired		(15,754	)		–
Other		(11,691	)		(1,610	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(168,174	)		(121,352	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Draws (payments) on floor plan notes payable – non-trade, net		277,261			(157,440	)
Proceeds from long-term debt		695,169			66,430
Principal payments on long-term debt		(788,757	)		(222,216	)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations		(11,091	)		(10,620	)
Proceeds from issuance of shares relating to employee stock options and employee stock purchases		11,080			13,870
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards		(8,669	)		(7,447	)
Payments of cash dividends		(33,123	)		(30,499	)
Common stock repurchased		(85,270	)		(21,726	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		56,600			(369,648	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		71,745			(52,355	)
Effect of exchange rate on cash		(372	)		–
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		148,146			312,048

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	219,519		$	259,693

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	12,966		$	19,805
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	74,320		$	92,795
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired under finance leases	$	14,290		$	21,442

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2023		2022
Numerator:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share –Net income available to common shareholders	$	90,376	$	69,399	$	293,056	$	172,776
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share – Net income available to common shareholders									$	90,455	$	92,453
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding		55,232		56,007		55,601		55,882		54,767		55,938
Effect of dilutive securities– Employee and director stock options and restricted share awards		1,643		1,799		1,762		1,952
Effect of dilutive securities– Employee stock options and restricted share awards										1,797		1,974
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions		56,875		57,806		57,363		57,834		56,564		57,912
Basic earnings per common share	$	1.64	$	1.24	$	5.27	$	3.09	$	1.65	$	1.65
Diluted earnings per common share and common share equivalents	$	1.59	$	1.20	$	5.11	$	2.99	$	1.60	$	1.60

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	787
Foreign currency translation adjustment		445
Balance as of March 31, 2022		1,232
Reclassification of currency translation related to equity method of RTC Canada		(601	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(567	)
Balance as of June 30, 2022		64
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(5,701	)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	(5,637	)

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(4,130	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		232
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(3,898	)

Goodwill	$	74,413
Franchise rights		1,581
Inventory		72,070
Property and equipment, including real estate		113,306
Other		882

Total	$	262,252

Cash	$	4,310		$	4,310
Accounts receivable		19,072			19,072
Inventory		56,255			56,255
Property and equipment, including real estate		80,337			80,337
Floor plan notes payable		(30,501	)		(30,501	)
Trade payables		(19,978	)		(19,978	)
Customer deposits		(1,980	)		(1,980	)
Accrued liabilities		(7,875	)		(7,875	)
Notes payable		(69,545	)		(69,545	)
Goodwill		47,939			44,033
Franchise rights					3,906
Other		3,422			3,422
Equity investment in RTC Canada		(37,309	)		(37,309	)
Noncontrolling interest		(17,828	)		(17,828	)
Gain on equity method investment		(6,958	)		(6,958	)

Total	$	19,361		$	19,361

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2023			2022
Gross Profit:
New and used commercial vehicle sales		25.3	%		25.8	%		27.4	%		27.7	%		27.9	%		29.2	%
Aftermarket products and services sales		63.8			64.5			62.1			63.2
Parts and service sales														61.7			60.5
Lease and rental		7.1			5.6			6.8			4.9			6.6			6.6
Finance and insurance		2.0			2.4			2.1			2.6			1.7			2.2
Other		1.8			1.7			1.6			1.6			2.1			1.5
Total gross profit		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	92,466		$	34,585
Investing activities		(95,514	)		(16,290	)
Financing activities		28,294			43,085
Net increase (decrease) in cash	$	25,246		$	61,380

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)(2)(3)		Average Price Paid Per Share (1)			Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3)
July 1 – July 31, 2022		158,717	$	53.48	(4)		158,717	$	32,824,841
August 1 – August 31, 2022		162,383		49.53	(5)		162,383		24,777,515
September 1 – September 30, 2022		368,146		44.94	(6)		368,146		8,222,513
Total		689,246					689,246

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)(2)(3)		Average Price Paid Per Share (1)			Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3)
January 1 – January 31, 2023		133,505	$	52.02	(4)		133,505	$	137,251,054
February 1 – February 28, 2023		49,843		56.78	(5)		49,843		134,419,285
March 1 – March 31, 2023		287,670		53.85	(6)		287,670		118,920,133
Total		471,018					471,018

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			% Change			2022			2021			% Change
Vehicle unit sales:
New heavy-duty vehicles		4,200			2,537			65.5	%		11,896			8,486			40.2	%
New medium-duty vehicles		3,223			2,792			15.4	%		8,179			7,951			2.9	%
New light-duty vehicles		608			361			68.4	%		1,497			1,228			21.9	%
Total new vehicle unit sales		8,031			5,690			41.1	%		21,572			17,665			22.1	%
Used vehicles		1,763			1,712			3.0	%		5,787			5,730			1.0	%
Vehicle revenues:
New heavy-duty vehicles	$	688.3		$	376.2			83.0	%	$	1,925.7		$	1,261.1			52.7	%
New medium-duty vehicles		284.1			230.4			23.3	%		702.4			644.9			8.9	%
New light-duty vehicles		30.5			16.4			86.0	%		74.5			56.2			32.6	%
Total new vehicle revenue	$	1,002.9		$	623.0			61.0	%	$	2,702.6		$	1,986.2			37.7	%
Used vehicle revenue	$	131.5		$	103.0			27.7	%	$	459.7		$	303.9			51.3	%
Other vehicle revenues:⁽¹⁾	$	7.8		$	3.3			136.4	%	$	13.9		$	8.2			69.5	%
Absorption ratio:		136.2	%		134.0	%		1.8	%		136.6	%		128.7	%		6.1	%

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			% Change
Vehicle unit sales:
New heavy-duty vehicles		4,365			3,528			23.7	%
New medium-duty vehicles		3,038			2,141			41.9	%
New light-duty vehicles		504			481			4.8	%
Total new vehicle unit sales		7,907			6,150			28.6	%

Used vehicles		1,684			2,395			(29.7%	)

Vehicle revenues:
New heavy-duty vehicles	$	736.7		$	546.1			34.9	%
New medium-duty vehicles		286.9			178.0			61.2	%
New light-duty vehicles		28.0			23.8			17.6	%
Total new vehicle revenue	$	1,051.6		$	747.9			40.6	%

Used vehicle revenue	$	102.7		$	185.7			(44.7%	)

Other vehicle revenues:⁽¹⁾	$	7.4		$	2.1			252.4	%

Dealership absorption ratio:		136.5	%		136.3	%		0.1	%
(1) Includes sales of truck bodies, trailers and other new equipment.

ExhibitNumber ~~Number~~		Exhibit Title
3.1		Restated Articles of Incorporation of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-20797) for the quarter ended June 30, 2008)
3.2		Rush Enterprises, Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-20797) filed May 21, 2013)
3.3		First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-20797) filed May 24, 2021)
31.1*		Certification of CEO pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*		Certification of CFO pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**		Certification of CEO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**		Certification of CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

	RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC.



Date: ~~November 9, 2022~~May 10, 2023	By:	/S/ W.M. “RUSTY” RUSH
		W.M. “Rusty” Rush
		President, Chief Executive Officer and
		Chairman of the Board
		(Principal Executive Officer)



Date: ~~�� November 9, 2022~~May 10, 2023	By:	/S/ STEVEN L. KELLER
		Steven L. Keller
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)