UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number 001-37880

Novan, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		20-4427682
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

~~4105 Hopson Road~~4020 Stirrup Creek Drive, Suite 110
~~Morrisville,~~Durham,	North Carolina	~~27560~~27703
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(919) 485-8080

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	NOVN	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x☒ No ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x☒ No ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x☒

As of ~~October 26, 2020,~~May 4, 2021, there were ~~141,513,791~~151,707,150 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~20 20	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31 , 202 1 and ~~2019~~20 20	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Eq ~~uity (Deficit~~)Equity (Deficit) for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 202 1 and ~~2019~~20 20	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~ March 31 , 202 1 and ~~2019~~20 20	76
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	87
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3932
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	6956
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	6957

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		7158
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	7158
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	7158
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	7358
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	7358
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	7359
Item 5.	Other Information	7359
Item 6.	Exhibits	7460
	Signatures	7661

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

NOVAN, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019			March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Current assets:	Current assets:					Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	43,072	$	13,711	Cash and cash equivalents	$	32,661	$	35,879

Contracts and grants receivable	Contracts and grants receivable	157		419		Contracts and grants receivable	4,563		4,863
Deferred offering costs		58		49

Prepaid insurance						Prepaid insurance	1,239		1,818
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	998		1,545		Prepaid expenses and other current assets	964		1,333
Other current asset related to leasing arrangement, net						Other current asset related to leasing arrangement, net	1,637		0
Assets held for sale	Assets held for sale	470		0		Assets held for sale	114		114
Total current assets	Total current assets	44,755		15,724		Total current assets	41,178		44,007
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	0		540		Restricted cash	472		0
Intangible assets	Intangible assets	75		75		Intangible assets	75		75
Other assets	Other assets	330		419		Other assets	321		341
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net	1,410		10,506		Property and equipment, net	3,493		2,406
Right-of-use lease assets	Right-of-use lease assets	0		1,833		Right-of-use lease assets	1,444		0
Total assets	Total assets	$	46,570	$	29,097	Total assets	$	46,983	$	46,829
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY						LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:	Current liabilities:					Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	$	172	$	1,602	Accounts payable	$	1,001	$	1,192
Accrued compensation	Accrued compensation	783		437		Accrued compensation	507		1,154
Accrued outside research and development services	Accrued outside research and development services	1,052		1,013		Accrued outside research and development services	996		930
Accrued legal and professional fees	Accrued legal and professional fees	319		616		Accrued legal and professional fees	215		168
Other accrued expenses	Other accrued expenses	601		553		Other accrued expenses	1,071		801
Deferred revenue, current portion	Deferred revenue, current portion	4,401		4,428		Deferred revenue, current portion	2,990		2,990
Paycheck Protection Program loan, current portion	Paycheck Protection Program loan, current portion	119		0		Paycheck Protection Program loan, current portion	836		478
Research and development service obligation liability, current portion	Research and development service obligation liability, current portion	602		3,088		Research and development service obligation liability, current portion	969		987
Lease liabilities, current portion		0		1,162

Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	8,049		12,899		Total current liabilities	8,585		8,700
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	Deferred revenue, net of current portion	3,760		7,076		Deferred revenue, net of current portion	7,834		8,238
Paycheck Protection Program loan, net of current portion	Paycheck Protection Program loan, net of current portion	837		0		Paycheck Protection Program loan, net of current portion	120		478
Lease liabilities, net of current portion		0		5,100
Lease liabilities						Lease liabilities	3,120		0
Research and development service obligation liability, net of current portion	Research and development service obligation liability, net of current portion	1,047		727		Research and development service obligation liability, net of current portion	649		649
Research and development funding arrangement liability, related party		25,000		25,000
Research and development funding arrangement liability						Research and development funding arrangement liability	25,000		25,000
Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	424		578		Other long-term liabilities	825		787
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	39,117		51,380		Total liabilities	46,133		43,852
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)	Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)					Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)	0		0
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Common stock $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 141,523,291 and 26,744,300 shares issued as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 141,513,791 and 26,734,800 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		14		3
Stockholders’ equity						Stockholders’ equity
Common stock $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 151,662,650 and 145,709,591 shares issued as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; 151,653,150 and 145,700,091 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively						Common stock $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 151,662,650 and 145,709,591 shares issued as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; 151,653,150 and 145,700,091 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	15		14
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	250,236		197,853		Additional paid-in capital	259,219		252,395
Treasury stock at cost, 9,500 shares as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019		(155)		(155)
Treasury stock at cost, 9,500 shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020						Treasury stock at cost, 9,500 shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020	(155)		(155)
Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit	(242,642)		(219,984)		Accumulated deficit	(258,229)		(249,277)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		7,453		(22,283)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)		$	46,570	$	29,097
Total stockholders’ equity						Total stockholders’ equity	850		2,977
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity						Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	46,983	$	46,829

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

NOVAN, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020		2019		2020		2019				2021		2020
License and collaboration revenue	License and collaboration revenue	$	1,100	$	1,100	$	3,224	$	3,301	License and collaboration revenue		$	747	$	1,024
Government research contracts and grants revenue	Government research contracts and grants revenue	217		216		627		216		Government research contracts and grants revenue		72		189

Total revenue	Total revenue	1,317		1,316		3,851		3,517		Total revenue		819		1,213
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:									Operating expenses:
Research and development	Research and development	4,836		8,598		13,513		19,614		Research and development		6,418		4,916
General and administrative	General and administrative	3,108		2,290		8,847		8,595		General and administrative		2,686		2,507
Impairment loss on long-lived assets		0		0		2,421		0
Loss on facility asset group disposition		1,772		0		1,772		0

Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	9,716		10,888		26,553		28,209		Total operating expenses		9,104		7,423
Operating loss	Operating loss	(8,399)		(9,572)		(22,702)		(24,692)		Operating loss		(8,285)		(6,210)
Other (expense) income, net:	Other (expense) income, net:									Other (expense) income, net:
Interest income	Interest income	2		53		47		149		Interest income		3		35
Interest expense		0		0		0		(1)

Other (expense) income	Other (expense) income	(8)		23		(3)		115		Other (expense) income		(670)		8
Total other (expense) income, net	Total other (expense) income, net	(6)		76		44		263		Total other (expense) income, net		(667)		43
Net loss and comprehensive loss	Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(8,405)	$	(9,496)	$	(22,658)	$	(24,429)	Net loss and comprehensive loss		$	(8,952)	$	(6,167)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.06)	$	(0.36)	$	(0.27)	$	(0.94)	Net loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.06)	$	(0.17)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	133,689,645		26,189,454		83,961,052		26,108,870		Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		150,028,864		37,043,876

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

NOVAN, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Treasury
Stock

Common Stock Accumulated
Shares Amount Deficit Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019 26,734,800 $ 3 $ 197,853 $ (155) $ (219,984) $ (22,283)
Share-based compensation — — 385 — — 385
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to public offering, net 15,498,602 2 5,156 — — 5,158
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to public offering 4,333,334 0 0 — — 0
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to registered direct offering, net 10,550,000 1 7,224 — — 7,225
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to registered direct offering 4,602,326 0 0 — — 0
Exercise of common stock warrants 9,600,000 1 2,879 — — 2,880
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreement 700,000 0 442 — — 442
Net loss — — — — (6,167) (6,167)
Balance as of March 31, 2020 72,019,062 $ 7 $ 213,939 $ (155) $ (226,151) $ (12,360)
Share-based compensation — — 335 — — 335
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to registered direct offering 3,452,326 0 0 — — 0
Exercise of common stock warrants 8,610,667 1 2,582 — — 2,583
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreements 35,339,992 4 17,487 — — 17,491
Net loss — — — — (8,086) (8,086)
Balance as of June 30, 2020 119,422,047 $ 12 $ 234,343 $ (155) $ (234,237) $ (37)
Share-based compensation — — 147 — — 147
Exercise of common stock warrants 248,500 0 75 — — 75
Exercise of stock options 11,500 0 5 — — 5
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreement 21,831,744 2 15,666 — — 15,668
Net loss — — — — (8,405) (8,405)
Balance as of September 30, 2020 141,513,791 $ 14 $ 250,236 $ (155) $ (242,642) $ 7,453
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

~~Table of Contents~~

NOVAN, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) continued
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share amounts)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Treasury
Stock

Common Stock Accumulated
Shares Amount Deficit Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018 26,056,735 $ 3 $ 195,483 $ (155) $ (188,893) $ 6,438
Share-based compensation — — 168 — — 168
Exercise of stock options 12,999 0 10 — — 10
Net loss — — — — (6,637) (6,637)
Adoption of new accounting standards — — — — (714) (714)
Balance as of March 31, 2019 26,069,734 $ 3 $ 195,661 $ (155) $ (196,244) $ (735)
Share-based compensation — — 245 — — 245
Net loss — — — — (8,296) (8,296)
Balance as of June 30, 2019 26,069,734 $ 3 $ 195,906 $ (155) $ (204,540) $ (8,786)
Share-based compensation — — 320 — — 320
Liability-based awards reclassified to additional paid-in capital — — 366 — — 366
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreement 445,622 0 261 — — 261
Net loss — — — — (9,496) (9,496)
Balance as of September 30, 2019 26,515,356 $ 3 $ 196,853 $ (155) $ (214,036) $ (17,335)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
				Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock
	Common Stock							Accumulated
	Shares	Amount						Deficit		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020	145,700,091	$	14	$	252,395	$	(155)	$	(249,277)	$	2,977
Stock-based compensation	—	—		36		—		—		36
Exercise of common stock warrants	996,509	0		442		—		—		442
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreement	4,931,633	1		6,333		—		—		6,334
Exercise of stock options	24,917	0		13		—		—		13
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(8,952)		(8,952)
Balance as of March 31, 2021	151,653,150	$	15	$	259,219	$	(155)	$	(258,229)	$	850






















	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
				Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock
	Common Stock							Accumulated
	Shares	Amount						Deficit		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019	26,734,800	$	3	$	197,853	$	(155)	$	(219,984)	$	(22,283)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		385		—		—		385
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to public offering, net	15,498,602	2		5,156		—		—		5,158
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to public offering	4,333,334	0		0		—		—		0
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to registered direct offering, net	10,550,000	1		7,224		—		—		7,225
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to registered direct offering	4,602,326	0		0		—		—		0
Exercise of common stock warrants	9,600,000	1		2,879		—		—		2,880
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreement	700,000	0		442		—		—		442

Net loss	—	—		—		—		(6,167)		(6,167)
Balance as of March 31, 2020	72,019,062	$	7	$	213,939	$	(155)	$	(226,151)	$	(12,360)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

NOVAN, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(in thousands)


		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020		2019			2021		2020
Cash flow from operating activities:	Cash flow from operating activities:					Cash flow from operating activities:
Net loss	Net loss	$	(22,658)	$	(24,429)	Net loss	$	(8,952)	$	(6,167)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	1,107		1,531		Depreciation and amortization	57		495
Impairment loss on long-lived assets		2,421		0
Non-cash loss on facility asset group disposition		767		0
Share-based compensation		832		2,444
Non-cash cost of shares issued to Aspire Capital as commitment fee		1,695		0

Stock-based compensation						Stock-based compensation	80		272

Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss						Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss	669		0
Loss on disposal and write-offs of property and equipment	Loss on disposal and write-offs of property and equipment	66		36		Loss on disposal and write-offs of property and equipment	0		44
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	Changes in operating assets and liabilities:					Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Contracts and grants receivable	Contracts and grants receivable	262		(216)		Contracts and grants receivable	(43)		230
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		744		125
Prepaid insurance, prepaid expenses and other current assets						Prepaid insurance, prepaid expenses and other current assets	948		125
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	(1,441)		1,245		Accounts payable	(226)		(692)
Accrued compensation	Accrued compensation	346		40		Accrued compensation	(647)		670
Accrued outside research and development services	Accrued outside research and development services	39		819		Accrued outside research and development services	66		915
Accrued legal and professional fees	Accrued legal and professional fees	(297)		(289)		Accrued legal and professional fees	47		(508)
Other accrued expenses	Other accrued expenses	82		(17)		Other accrued expenses	103		(52)
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	(3,343)		1,159		Deferred revenue	(747)		(1,143)
Advanced payment for research and development service obligation		0		12,000

Research and development service obligation liabilities	Research and development service obligation liabilities	(2,166)		(5,543)		Research and development service obligation liabilities	(18)		(1,513)
Other long-term assets and liabilities	Other long-term assets and liabilities	(324)		(326)		Other long-term assets and liabilities	62		(114)
Net cash used in operating activities	Net cash used in operating activities	(21,868)		(11,421)		Net cash used in operating activities	(8,601)		(7,438)
Cash flow from investing activities:	Cash flow from investing activities:					Cash flow from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	Purchases of property and equipment	(415)		(38)		Purchases of property and equipment	(934)		(352)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	325		0		Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	0		15
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(90)		(38)		Net cash used in investing activities	(934)		(337)
Cash flow from financing activities:	Cash flow from financing activities:					Cash flow from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and pre-funded warrants, net of underwriting fees and commissions	Proceeds from issuance of common stock and pre-funded warrants, net of underwriting fees and commissions	12,577		0		Proceeds from issuance of common stock and pre-funded warrants, net of underwriting fees and commissions	0		12,577
Proceeds from exercise of common stock warrants	Proceeds from exercise of common stock warrants	5,538		0		Proceeds from exercise of common stock warrants	442		2,880
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program loan		956		0

Proceeds from issuance of common stock under common stock purchase agreement	Proceeds from issuance of common stock under common stock purchase agreement	31,906		261		Proceeds from issuance of common stock under common stock purchase agreement	6,334		442
Payments related to public offering costs	Payments related to public offering costs	(178)		0		Payments related to public offering costs	0		(26)
Payments of offering costs related to new registration statement		(25)		0
Payments of offering costs related to registration statement						Payments of offering costs related to registration statement	0		(25)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	Proceeds from exercise of stock options	5		10		Proceeds from exercise of stock options	13		0
Proceeds from research and development funding arrangement		0		25,000

Net cash provided by financing activities	Net cash provided by financing activities	50,779		25,271		Net cash provided by financing activities	6,789		15,848
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		28,821		13,812
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash						Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(2,746)		8,073
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of beginning of period	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of beginning of period	14,251		8,733		Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of beginning of period	35,879		14,251
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of end of period	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of end of period	$	43,072	$	22,545	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of end of period	$	33,133	$	22,324

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:	Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:					Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment with accounts payable and accrued expenses						Purchases of property and equipment with accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	592	$	6
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities						Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	$	1,444	$	0

Deferred offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses						Deferred offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	0	$	152
Deferred offering costs reclassified to additional paid-in capital	Deferred offering costs reclassified to additional paid-in capital	$	16	$	0	Deferred offering costs reclassified to additional paid-in capital	$	0	$	16
Purchases of property and equipment with accounts payable and accrued expenses		$	56	$	24

Liability-based awards reclassified to additional paid-in capital		$	0	$	366
Common stock issued for payment of commitment fee		$	0	$	750

Reconciliation to condensed consolidated balance sheets:	Reconciliation to condensed consolidated balance sheets:					Reconciliation to condensed consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	43,072	$	15,549	Cash and cash equivalents	$	32,661	$	21,785
Restricted cash included in current assets		0		5,651

Restricted cash included in noncurrent assets	Restricted cash included in noncurrent assets	0		1,345		Restricted cash included in noncurrent assets	472		539
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	43,072	$	22,545	Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	33,133	$	22,324

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

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NOVAN, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

(dollar values in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1: Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Business Description and Basis of Presentation

Novan, Inc. (“Novan” and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), is a North Carolina-based clinical development-stage biotechnology company focused on leveraging nitric oxide’s naturally occurring anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action to treat a range of diseases with significant unmet needs. Novan was incorporated in January 2006 under the state laws of Delaware. Its wholly-owned subsidiary, Novan Therapeutics, LLC was organized in 2015 under the state laws of North Carolina. On March 14, 2019, the Company completed registration of a wholly-owned Ireland-based subsidiary, Novan Therapeutics, Limited.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The December 31, ~~2019~~2020 year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Additionally, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm report for the December 31, ~~2019~~2020 financial statements included an explanatory paragraph indicating that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Basis of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Liquidity and Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company has evaluated principal conditions and events, in the aggregate, that may raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date that these financial statements are issued. The Company identified the following conditions:

•The Company has reported a net loss in all fiscal periods since inception and, as of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of ~~$242,642.~~$258,229.

•As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company had a total cash and cash equivalents balance of ~~$43,072.~~$32,661.

•As described in Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), in July 2020 the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “July 2020 Aspire CSPA”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (“Aspire Capital”). The July 2020 Aspire CSPA replaced the prior common stock purchase agreement, dated as of June 15, 2020, between the Company and Aspire Capital (the “June 2020 Aspire CSPA”), which ~~had replaced the prior common stock purchase agreement, dated as of August 30, 2019, between the Company and Aspire Capital (the “2019 Aspire CSPA”).~~was fully utilized. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company received aggregate net proceeds of ~~$31,906~~$6,334 from the ~~2019 Aspire CSPA, the June~~July 2020 Aspire CSPA and, as of March 31, 2021, had $12,005 in remaining availability for sales of its common stock under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

•As described in Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), in early March 2020 the Company completed a public offering of its common stock (or pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock in lieu thereof) and common warrants to purchase common stock pursuant to the Company’s then effective shelf registration statement (the “March 2020 Public Offering”). Net proceeds from the offering were approximately $5,158 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $791. The

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~~after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $791. The~~ Company has also received proceeds from the exercise of common warrants issued in the March 2020 Public Offering of approximately ~~$5,538~~$5,557 through ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021.

•As described in Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), in late March 2020 the Company completed a registered direct offering of its common stock (or pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock in lieu thereof) pursuant to the Company’s ~~then effective~~then-effective shelf registration statement (the “March 2020 Registered Direct Offering”). Net proceeds from the offering were approximately $7,225 after deducting fees and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $774.

•The Company anticipates that it will continue to generate losses for the foreseeable future, and it expects the losses to increase as it continues the development of, and seeks regulatory approvals for, its product candidates and potentially begins commercialization activities.

•The Company has concluded that the prevailing conditions and ongoing liquidity risks faced by the Company, coupled with uncertainty regarding the top-line efficacy results expected in the pivotal Phase 3 trial for SB206 as a treatment for molluscum contagiosum (“molluscum”, and such trial, the “B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial”), which are currently targeted before the end of the second quarter of 2021, raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

The evaluation is also based on other relevant conditions that are known or reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued, including ongoing liquidity risks faced by the Company, the Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due or anticipated within one year, the funds necessary to maintain the Company’s operations considering its current financial condition, obligations, and other expected cash flows, and other conditions and events that, when considered in conjunction with the above, may adversely affect the Company’s ability to meet its obligations. Based on the assessment of management’s plan, the Company has concluded that there are no conditions or events, in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The Company will continue to evaluate this going concern assessment in connection with the preparation of its quarterly and annual financial statements based upon relevant facts and circumstances, including but not limited to, its cash and cash equivalents balance and its operating forecast and related cash projection.

The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents balance as of ~~September 30, 2020, and~~March 31, 2021, plus expected contractual payments to be received in connection with existing licensing agreements, will provide it with adequate liquidity to fund its planned operating needs ~~through~~into the ~~fourth~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This operating forecast and related cash projection ~~includes~~includes: (i) costs through the expected completion of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, including supporting activities; (ii) preparatory costs associated with ~~a pivotal Phase 3 trial for SB206 as a treatment for molluscum (the “B-SIMPLE4 trial”), and~~the anticipated continued regulatory progression of SB206; (iii) development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas, including infectious disease (Coronaviridae (COVID-19)) and companion animal health; (iv) conducting drug manufacturing capability transfer activities to external third-party contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”), including a drug delivery device technology enhancement project; and (v) certain build-out and manufacturing capability costs related to the infrastructure necessary to support small-scale drug substance and drug product manufacturing at its new corporate headquarters, but excludes any potential costs associated with other late-stage clinical development programs and proceeds from any potential future sales of common stock under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. ~~Further advancement~~The Company may decide to revise its development and operating plans or the related timing, depending on information it learns through its research and development activities, the impact of the SB206 molluscum program beyond the conduct and completion of the B-SIMPLE4 trial, or advancement of any other late-stage clinical development program across the Company’s platform, is subject to securing significant additional funding or strategic partnering, and has been and may be further impacted byoutside factors such as the COVID-19 ~~pandemic.~~pandemic, its ability to enter into strategic arrangements, its ability to access additional capital and its financial priorities.

The Company will need significant additional funding to continue its operating activities and make further advancements in its product development programs beyond those currently included in its operating forecast and related cash projection. The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to complete development and commercialization of any of its product candidates. The inability of the Company to obtain significant additional funding on acceptable terms, including through the utilization of the remaining amount available under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and cause the Company to alter or reduce its planned operating activities, including but not limited to delaying, reducing, terminating or eliminating planned product candidate development activities, to conserve its cash and cash equivalents. The Company needs and intends to pursue additional capital through equity or debt financings, including potential sales under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, or from non-dilutive sources, including partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships. The Company’s ~~recent~~ equity issuances during the ~~nine~~year ended December 31, 2020, and the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, have resulted in significant dilution to its existing stockholders. Any future additional issuances of equity, or debt that could be convertible into equity, would result in further significant dilution to the Company’s existing stockholders. ~~Alternatively,~~

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As of March 31, 2021 the Company had 151,653,150 shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, as of March 31, 2021, the Company had reserved 15,856,608 shares of common stock for future issuance related to (i) outstanding warrants to purchase common stock; (ii) outstanding stock options and stock appreciation rights; and (iii) future issuance under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 145,700,091 shares of its common stock outstanding, with an additional 16,903,031 reserved for future issuance. The Company’s common stock consists of 200,000,000 authorized shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

At the Annual Meeting held on May 4, 2021, the Company’s stockholders did not approve the proposal to amend the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of its common stock from 200,000,000 to 250,000,000 shares. Because the Company’s stockholders did not approve an increase in authorized shares, without implementing a potential reverse stock split that would reduce the number of outstanding shares of its common stock and thereby increase the shares available for issuance, the Company may not have the ability to raise additional capital as needed to support development, regulatory approval and potential commercialization of its product candidates.

See Note 14—Subsequent Events regarding the Annual Meeting held on May 4, 2021 and the proposal to amend the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock.

Rather than raising additional capital, or if the Company is unable to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to the Company or at all, the Company may seek to engage in one or more potential transactions, such as the sale of the Company, or sale or divestiture of some of its assets, such as a sale of its dermatology platform assets, but there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to enter into such a transaction or transactions on a timely basis or at all on terms that are favorable to the Company. Under these circumstances, the Company could instead determine to dissolve and liquidate its assets or seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. If the Company decides to dissolve and liquidate its assets or to seek protection under the bankruptcy laws, it is unclear to what extent the Company will be able to pay its obligations, and, accordingly, it is further unclear whether and to what extent any resources will be available for distributions to stockholders.

COVID-19

In December 2019, the novel strain of a virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) was reported in China, and in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. The extent to which COVID-19 and global efforts to contain its spread will impact the Company’s business including its operations, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, and include the duration, severity and scope of

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vaccines in preventing the ~~pandemic~~spread of COVID-19 (including its variant strains), and the actions taken by other parties, such as governmental authorities, to contain and treat COVID-19. The timetable for development of the Company’s product candidates has been impacted and may face further disruption and the Company’s business could be further adversely affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. In particular, COVID-19 impacted the timing of trial initiation of the Company’s B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, ~~for SB206,~~ and, while the Company enrolled and dosed the first patient in the trial in September 2020 and fully enrolled the trial in the first quarter of 2021, the Company ~~is continuing~~plans to continue to assess any further impact of COVID-19 on the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 ~~trial for SB206, including any potential delay, postponement or other impact to the~~ trial. Despite disruptions to the Company’s business operations and the business operations of third parties on which the Company relies, the COVID-19 pandemic has not significantly impacted the Company’s operating results and financial condition to date. However, at this time, the extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company’s financial condition or results of operations in the future is uncertain.

~~Classification of Warrants Issued in Connection with Offerings of Common Stock~~

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, ~~Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity~~ ~~(“ASC 480”) and ASC 815,~~ ~~Derivatives and Hedging~~ (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, whether the warrants meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and remeasured each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments ~~(consisting of adjustments~~ of a normal, recurring nature ~~and the impact of the Company’s restatement of its consolidated financial statements for the Affected Periods (as defined below))~~ that are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any future

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period. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019, as amended,~~2020 filed with the SEC on February 24, 2021.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as ~~discussed below.~~

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~~Restatement~~December 31, 2020 have been reclassified to conform to current presentation related to deferred offering costs in the amount of ~~Previously Issued Financial Statements~~

~~On May 14, 2020,~~$58 being included with prepaid expenses and other current assets. These reclassifications had no impact on the ~~Company revised its prior position~~Company’s consolidated current assets or on ~~accounting for warrants~~the consolidated statements of operations and ~~concluded that its previously issued consolidated financial statements~~comprehensive loss or cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018, and all quarterly periods of 2019 and 2018 (the “Affected Periods”) should not be relied upon because of a misapplication in the guidance on warrant accounting. On May 20, 2020, the Company restated its consolidated financial statements for all Affected Periods in its Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. As such, the comparative information provided for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 contained in the preceding condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying footnotes reflect these previously restated amounts.2020.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash as of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2019 included~~2021 includes funds maintained in a ~~separate~~ deposit account to secure a letter of credit for the benefit of the ~~lessor of facility space leased by the Company. As described in~~TBC Landlord (as defined below). See Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies ~~in conjunction with~~for further information regarding the ~~Company’s early termination~~letter of ~~such facility space in July 2020,~~credit and the ~~$539 security deposit was applied as a partial payment of a $600 lease termination fee. Therefore, there was 0 restricted cash as of September 30, 2020.~~

~~Assets Held for Sale~~

The Company generally considers assets to be held for sale when (i) the Company commits to a plan to sell the assets, (ii) the assets are available for immediate sale in their present condition, (iii) the Company has initiated an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the assets, (iv) consummation of the planned sale transaction is probable, (v) the assets are being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to their current fair value, (vi) the transaction is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within one year, and (vii) significant changes to or withdrawal of the plan is unlikely. Following the classification of any depreciable assets within a disposal group as held for sale, the Company discontinues depreciating the asset and writes down the asset to the lower of carrying value or fair market value less cost to sell, if needed.

~~See Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges for a discussion of the Company’s application of this accounting policy.~~

~~Impairment of Long-Lived Assets~~

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for an amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

As described in Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies, on July 16, 2020, the Company entered into a lease termination agreement, which provided for the early termination of the existing lease for the Company’s corporate headquarters and sole research, development and manufacturing facility. In contemplation of this transaction, during June 2020, the Company decommissioned the areas within the FacilityTBC Lease (as defined below), as well as the associated equipment, that supported the Company’s large scale cGMP drug manufacturing capability in preparation for execution of the lease termination agreement. The performance of decommissioning activities as noted above was considered to be a triggering event that caused the Company to evaluate its long-lived assets for impairment as of June 29, 2020, principally its right of use lease asset and its property, plant and equipment, including leasehold improvements. See Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges for a discussion of the Company’s evaluation of its long-lived assets for impairment. The Company also recorded an additional loss based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated with the July 2020 lease termination transaction during the three months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 15—Asset Group Disposition for additional detail regarding the loss on the Company’s facility asset group disposition..

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share, since the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

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The following securities, presented on a common stock equivalent basis, have been excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 ~~and September 30, 2019~~ because the effect is anti-dilutive due to the net loss reported in each of those periods. All share amounts presented in the table below represent the total number outstanding as of the end of each period.


		September 30,			March 31,
		2020	2019		2021	2020
Warrants to purchase common stock associated with January 2018 public offering (Note 10)		10,000,000	10,000,000
Warrants to purchase common stock associated with March 2020 public offering (Note 10)		3,219,125	0
Warrants to purchase common stock associated with March 2020 registered direct offering (Note 10)		558,140	0
Warrants to purchase common stock (Note 10)				Warrants to purchase common stock (Note 10)	12,780,756	22,636,432
Stock options outstanding under the 2008 and 2016 Plans (Note 11)	Stock options outstanding under the 2008 and 2016 Plans (Note 11)	1,995,283	1,806,502	Stock options outstanding under the 2008 and 2016 Plans (Note 11)	1,922,522	2,010,603
Stock appreciation rights outstanding under the 2016 Plan (Note 11)	Stock appreciation rights outstanding under the 2016 Plan (Note 11)	610,000	1,000,000	Stock appreciation rights outstanding under the 2016 Plan (Note 11)	610,000	600,000
Inducement stock options outstanding (Note 11)	Inducement stock options outstanding (Note 11)	91,834	125,500	Inducement stock options outstanding (Note 11)	62,503	96,167

Segment and Geographic Information

The Company has determined that it operates in 1 segment. The Company uses its nitric oxide-based technology to develop product candidates. The Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company has only had limited revenue since its inception, but substantially all revenue was derived from licensing agreements originating in the United States. All of the Company’s long-lived assets are maintained in the United States.

Although all operations are based in the United States, the Company generated revenue from its licensing partner in Japan of ~~$1,100,~~$747, or approximately ~~84%~~91% of total revenue, and ~~$3,224,~~$1,024, or approximately 84% of total revenue during the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company generated revenue from its licensing partner in Japan of $1,100, or approximately 84% of total revenue, and $3,301 or approximately 94% of total revenue.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In ~~August 2018,~~December 2019, the ~~FASB~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ~~No. 2018-13,~~ ~~Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework~~—~~Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.~~ This guidance is intended to improve the effectiveness of disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The new standard modifies certain disclosure requirements and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. This ASU was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17,~~ ~~Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities.~~ This guidance is intended to improve the accounting for variable interest entities and whether the entity should be consolidated. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. This ASU was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18,~~ ~~Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606. This guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice and clarify the interaction between Topic 808,~~ ~~Collaborative Arrangements, and Topic 606,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~. This ASU provided guidance on whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for with revenue under Topic 606. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. This ASU was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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~~Accounting Pronouncements Being Evaluated~~

~~In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU~~ No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This guidance is intended to improve consistent application of and simplify the accounting for income taxes. This ASU removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and clarifies and amends existing guidance. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early

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adoption permitted. ~~The~~This ASU was effective for the Company ~~is currently evaluating the impact~~as of ~~adoption of this ASU and does not expect the~~January 1, 2021. The adoption of this new ~~standard to~~accounting guidance did not have a material impact on ~~its~~the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2: KNOW Bio, LLC

On December 30, 2015, the Company completed the distribution of 100% of the outstanding member interests of KNOW Bio, LLC (“KNOW Bio”), a former wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to Novan’s stockholders (the “Distribution”), pursuant to which KNOW Bio became an independent privately held company.

KNOW Bio is an independent, privately held company with a portfolio of operating subsidiaries that are advancing nitric oxide-based therapies using technology that is proprietary and/or in fields where they have exclusive intellectual property rights. The Company does not own any equity interest in KNOW Bio, has no common management or board representation at KNOW Bio, and the contractual arrangements between the two entities do not provide the Company with decision-making authority or power to influence KNOW Bio’s drug and medical device development activities.

~~The Company conducted an initial assessment of KNOW Bio under the variable interest consolidation model pursuant to FASB ASC 810,~~ ~~Consolidation~~, at the time of the Distribution in 2015 and has monitored KNOW Bio during each subsequent reporting period, including two required ASC 810 reassessments performed during 2017. The Company has consistently determined that KNOW Bio should not be consolidated in its consolidated financial statements. In the fourth quarter of 2018, KNOW Bio and its operating subsidiaries received significant additional equity investments that enable progression of their technology. These events required the Company to conduct another reassessment of variable interest entity characteristics, pursuant to FASB ASC 810-10, ~~Consolidation, in which it determined that KNOW Bio should not be consolidated in its consolidated financial statements.~~

KNOW Bio Technology Agreements

In connection with the Distribution, the Company entered into exclusive license agreements and sublicense agreements with KNOW Bio, as described below. The agreements will continue for so long as there is a valid patent claim under the respective agreement, unless earlier terminated, and upon expiration, will continue as perpetual non-exclusive licenses. KNOW Bio has the right to terminate each such agreement, for any reason upon 90 days advance written notice to the Company.

License of existing and potential future intellectual property to KNOW Bio. The Company and KNOW Bio entered into an exclusive license agreement dated December 29, 2015 (the “KNOW Bio License Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the KNOW Bio License Agreement, the Company granted to KNOW Bio exclusive licenses, with the right to sublicense, under certain United States and foreign patents and patent applications that were controlled by the Company as of December 29, 2015 or that became controlled by the Company between that date and December 29, 2018, directed towards nitric-oxide releasing compositions and methods of manufacturing thereof, including methods of manufacturing Nitricil compounds and other nitric oxide-based therapeutics.

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Sublicense of UNC and other third party intellectual property to KNOW Bio. The Company and KNOW Bio also entered into sublicense agreements dated December 29, 2015 (the “KNOW Bio Sublicense Agreements” and together with the KNOW Bio License Agreement, the “Original KNOW Bio Agreements”). Pursuant to the terms of the KNOW Bio Sublicense Agreements, the Company granted to KNOW Bio exclusive sublicenses, with the ability to further sublicense, under certain of the United States and foreign patents and patent applications exclusively licensed to the Company from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (“UNC”) under the Amended, Restated and Consolidated License Agreement dated June 27, 2012, as amended (the “UNC License Agreement”), and another third party directed towards nitric oxide-releasing compositions, to develop and commercialize products utilizing the licensed technology. Under the exclusive sublicense to the UNC patents and applications (the “UNC Sublicense Agreement”), KNOW Bio is subject to the terms and conditions under the UNC License Agreement, including milestone and diligence payment obligations. However, pursuant to the terms of the UNC License Agreement, the Company is directly obligated to pay UNC any future milestones or royalties, including those resulting from actions conducted by the Company’s sublicensees, including KNOW Bio. Therefore, in the event of KNOW Bio non-performance with respect to its obligations under the UNC Sublicense Agreement, the Company would be obligated to make such payments to UNC. KNOW Bio would then become obligated to repay the Company pursuant to the UNC Sublicense Agreement, otherwise KNOW Bio would be in breach of its agreements with the Company and intellectual property rights would revert back to the Company. There were 0 milestone or royalty payments required during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and ~~2019.~~2020.

Amendments to License and Sublicense Agreements with KNOW Bio

On October 13, 2017, the Company and KNOW Bio entered into certain amendments to the Original KNOW Bio Agreements (the “KNOW Bio Amendments”). Pursuant to the terms of the KNOW Bio Amendments, the Company re-acquired from KNOW Bio exclusive, worldwide rights under certain United States and foreign patents and patent applications controlled by the Company as of December 29, 2015, and that became controlled by the Company between December 29, 2015 and December 29, 2018, directed towards nitric oxide-releasing compositions and methods of manufacturing thereof, including methods of manufacturing Nitricil compounds, and other nitric oxide-based therapeutics, to develop and commercialize products for all diagnostic, therapeutic, prophylactic and palliative uses for any disease, condition or disorder caused by certain oncoviruses (the “Oncovirus Field”).

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KNOW Bio also granted to the Company an exclusive license, with the right to sublicense, under any patents and patent applications which became controlled by KNOW Bio during the three-year period between December 29, 2015 and December 29, 2018 and directed towards nitric oxide-releasing compositions and methods of manufacturing thereof, including methods of manufacturing Nitricil compounds, and other nitric oxide-based therapeutics, but not towards medical devices, to develop and commercialize products for use in the Oncovirus Field.

Upon execution of the KNOW Bio Amendments, in exchange for the Oncovirus Field rights, the Company paid a non-refundable upfront payment of $250. Products the Company develops in the Oncovirus Field based on Nitricil will not be subject to any further milestones, royalties or sublicensing payment obligations to KNOW Bio under the KNOW Bio Amendments. However, if the Company develops products in the Oncovirus Field that incorporate a certain nitric oxide-releasing composition specified in the KNOW Bio Amendments and (i) are covered by KNOW Bio ~~patents;~~patents or (ii) materially use or incorporate know-how of KNOW Bio or the Company related to such composition that was created between December 29, 2015 and December 29, 2018, the Company would be obligated to make the certain contingent milestone and royalty payments to KNOW Bio under the KNOW Bio Amendments.

The rights granted to the Company in the Oncovirus Field in the KNOW Bio Amendments continue for so long as there is a valid patent claim under the Original KNOW Bio Agreements, and upon expiration continue on a perpetual non-exclusive basis, and are subject to the termination rights of KNOW Bio and the Company that are set forth in the Original KNOW Bio Agreements. In addition, under the KNOW Bio Amendments, KNOW Bio may terminate the rights granted to the Company in the Oncovirus Field without terminating the Original KNOW Bio Agreements.

The KNOW Bio Amendments also provide a mechanism whereby either party can cause a new chemical entity (“NCE”) covered by the Original KNOW Bio Agreements to become exclusive to such party by filing an ~~IND~~investigational new drug application (“IND”) on the NCE. An NCE that becomes exclusive to a party under this provision may not be commercialized by the other party until the later of expiration of patents covering the NCE or regulatory exclusivity covering the NCE. A party who obtains exclusivity for an NCE must advance development of the NCE pursuant to terms of the KNOW Bio Amendments in order to maintain such exclusivity; otherwise, such exclusivity will expire.

The terms of the KNOW Bio Amendments were negotiated at arms-length and do not provide the Company with an ability to significantly influence KNOW Bio or its operations.

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Note 3: Research and Development Licenses

The Company has entered into various licensing agreements with universities and other research institutions under which the Company receives the rights, and in some cases substantially all of the rights, of the inventors, assignees or co-assignees to produce and market technology protected by certain patents and patent applications. The Company’s primary license agreement is with UNC and ~~has been~~is described in further detail within the subsection below. The counterparties to the Company’s various other licensing agreements are the University of Akron Research Foundation, Hospital for Special Surgery, Strakan International S.a.r.l., which is a licensee of the University of Aberdeen, KIPAX AB and KNOW Bio.

The Company is ~~generally~~ required to make ~~milestone~~ payments based ~~on development~~upon achievement of certain milestones and will be required to make royalty payments based on a percentage of future sales of covered products or a percentage of sublicensing revenue. As future royalty payments are directly related to future revenues (either sales or sublicensing), future commitments cannot be determined. NaN accrual for future payments under these agreements has been recorded, as the Company cannot estimate if, when or in what amount payments may become due.

UNC License Agreement

The UNC License Agreement provides the Company with an exclusive license to issued patents and pending applications directed to the Company’s library of Nitricil compounds, including patents issued in the United States, Japan and Australia, with claims intended to cover NVN1000, the NCE for the Company’s current product candidates. The UNC License Agreement requires the Company to pay UNC up to $425 in regulatory and commercial milestones on a licensed product by licensed product basis and a running royalty percentage in the low single digits on net sales of licensed products. Licensed products include any products being developed by the Company or by its sublicensees.

Unless earlier terminated by the Company at its election, or if the Company materially breaches the agreement or becomes bankrupt, the UNC License Agreement remains in effect on a country by country and licensed product by licensed product basis

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until the expiration of the last to expire issued patent covering such licensed product in the applicable country. The projected date of expiration of the last to expire of the patents issued under the UNC License Agreement is 2033.

Note 4: Licensing Arrangements

Sato License Agreement

Significant Terms

On January 12, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement, and related first amendment, with Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Sato”), relating to SB204, its drug candidate for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japan (the “Sato Agreement”). Pursuant to the Sato Agreement, the Company granted to Sato an exclusive, royalty-bearing, non-transferable right and license under certain of the Company’s intellectual property rights, with the right to sublicense with the Company’s prior written consent, to develop, use and sell products in Japan that incorporate SB204 in certain topical dosage forms for the treatment of acne vulgaris, and to make the finished form of such products.

On October 5, 2018, the Company and Sato entered into the second amendment (the “Sato Amendment”) to the Sato Agreement (collectively, the “Amended Sato Agreement”). The Sato Amendment expanded the Sato Agreement to include SB206, the Company’s drug candidate for the treatment of viral skin infections. Pursuant to the Amended Sato Agreement, the Company granted to Sato an exclusive, royalty-bearing, non-transferable license under certain of its intellectual property rights, with the right to sublicense with the Company’s prior written consent, to develop, use and sell products in Japan that incorporate SB204 or SB206 in certain topical dosage forms for the treatment of acne vulgaris or viral skin infections, respectively, and to make the finished form of such products. The Company or its designated contract manufacturer will supply finished product to Sato for use in the development of SB204 and SB206 in the licensed territory. The rights granted to Sato do not include the right to manufacture the active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) of SB204 or SB206; rather, the parties agreed to negotiate a commercial supply agreement pursuant to which the Company or its designated contract manufacturer would be the exclusive supplier to Sato of the API for the commercial manufacture of licensed products in the licensed territory. Under the terms of the Amended Sato Agreement, the Company also has exclusive rights to certain intellectual property that may be developed by Sato in the future, which the Company could choose to use for its own development and commercialization of SB204 or SB206 outside of Japan.

Under the Amended Sato Agreement, in exchange for the SB204 and SB206 license rights granted to Sato, Sato agreed to pay the Company the following:

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•An upfront payment of 1.25 billion Japanese Yen (“JPY”), payable in installments of 0.25 billion JPY, 0.5 billion JPY and 0.5 billion JPY on October 5, 2018, February 14, 2019 and September 13, 2019, respectively. This was in addition to the 1.25 billion JPY (approximately $10,813 USD) paid on January 19, 2017 following the execution of the Sato Agreement on January 12, 2017. On October 23, 2018, the Company received the first installment from the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,224 USD). On March 14, 2019, the Company received the second installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,460 USD). On November 7, 2019, the Company received the third installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,554 USD).

•Up to an aggregate of 1.75 billion JPY (adjusted from 2.75 billion JPY in the Sato Agreement) upon the achievement of various development and regulatory milestones, including (i) a 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,162 USD) milestone payment received during the fourth quarter of 2018 following Sato’s initiation of a Phase 1 trial in Japan; and (ii) an aggregate of 1.0 billion JPY that becomes payable upon the earlier occurrence of specified fixed future dates or the achievement of milestone events.

•Up to an aggregate of 3.9 billion JPY (adjusted from 0.9 billion JPY in the Sato Agreement) upon the achievement of various commercial milestones.

•A tiered royalty ranging from a mid-single digit to a low-double digit percentage (adjusted from a mid-single digit percentage in the Sato Agreement) of net sales of licensed products in the licensed territory, subject to a reduction in the royalty payments in certain circumstances.

The term of the Amended Sato Agreement (and the period during which Sato must pay royalties under the amended license agreement) expires on the twentieth anniversary of the first commercial sale of a licensed product in the licensed field in the licensed territory (adjusted from the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale in the Sato Agreement). The term of the Amended Sato Agreement may be renewed with respect to a licensed product by mutual written agreement of the parties for

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additional two-year periods following expiration of the initial term. All other material terms of the Sato Agreement remain unchanged by the Sato Amendment.

Sato is responsible for funding the development and commercial costs for the program that are specific to Japan. The Company is obligated to perform certain oversight, review and supporting activities for Sato, including: (i) using commercially reasonable efforts to obtain marketing approval of SB204 and SB206 in the United States; (ii) sharing all future scientific information the Company may obtain during the term of the Amended Sato Agreement pertaining to SB204 and SB206; (iii) performing certain additional preclinical studies if such studies are deemed necessary by the Japanese regulatory authority, up to and not to exceed a total cost of $1,000; and (iv) participating in a joint committee that oversees, reviews and approves Sato’s development and commercialization activities under the Amended Sato Agreement. Additionally, the Company has granted Sato the option to use the Company’s trademarks in connection with the commercialization of licensed products in the licensed territory for no additional consideration, subject to the Company’s approval of such use.

The Amended Sato Agreement may be terminated by (i) Sato without cause upon 120 days’ advance written notice to the Company; (ii) either party in the event of the other party’s uncured material breach upon 60 days’ advance written notice; (iii) force majeure; (iv) either party in the event of the other party’s dissolution, liquidation, bankruptcy or insolvency; and (v) the Company immediately upon written notice if Sato challenges the validity, patentability, or enforceability of any of the Company’s patents or patent applications licensed to Sato under the Amended Sato Agreement. In the event of a termination, 0 portion of the upfront fees received from Sato are refundable.

Note 5: Revenue Recognition

Sato Agreement

The Company assessed the Sato Agreement in accordance with Topic 606 and concluded that the contract counterparty, Sato, is a customer within the scope of Topic 606. The Company identified the following promises under the Sato Agreement: (i) the grant of the intellectual property license to Sato; (ii) the obligation to participate in a joint committee that oversees, reviews, and approves Sato’s research and development activities and provides advisory support during Sato’s development process; (iii) the obligation to manufacture and supply Sato with all quantities of licensed product required for development activities in Japan; and (iv) the stand-ready obligation to perform any necessary repeat preclinical studies, up to $1,000 in cost. The Company determined that these promises were not individually distinct because Sato can only benefit from these licensed intellectual property rights and services when bundled together; they do not have individual benefit or utility to Sato. As a result, all promises have been combined into a single performance obligation.

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The Sato Agreement also provides that the two parties agree to negotiate in good faith the terms of a commercial supply agreement pursuant to which the Company or a third-party manufacturer would be the exclusive supplier to Sato of the API for the commercial manufacture of licensed products in the licensed territory. The Company concluded this obligation to negotiate the terms of a commercial supply agreement does not create (i) a legally enforceable obligation under which the Company may have to perform and supply Sato with API for commercial manufacturing; or (ii) a material right because the incremental commercial supply fee consideration framework in the Sato Agreement is representative of a stand-alone selling price for the supply of API and does not represent a discount. Therefore, this contract provision is not considered to be a promise to deliver goods or services and is not a performance obligation or part of the combined single performance obligation described above.

Amended Sato Agreement

On October 5, 2018, the Company and Sato entered into the Amended Sato Agreement. The Sato Amendment expanded the Sato Agreement to include SB206, the Company’s drug candidate for the treatment of viral skin infections. The Company assessed the Amended Sato Agreement in accordance with Topic 606 and concluded the contract modification should incorporate the additional goods and services provided for in the Amendment into the existing, partially satisfied single bundled performance obligation that will continue to be delivered to Sato over the remaining development period. This contract modification accounting is concluded to be appropriate as the additional goods and services conveyed under the Sato Amendment were determined to not be distinct from the single performance obligation, and the additional consideration provided did not reflect the standalone selling price of those additional goods and services. As such, the Company recorded a cumulative adjustment as of the amendment execution date to reflect revenue that would have been recognized cumulatively for the partially completed bundled performance obligation.

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The Company concluded that the following consideration would be included in the transaction price as they were (i) received prior to ~~September 30, 2020;~~March 31, 2021; or (ii) payable upon specified fixed dates in the future and are not contingent upon clinical or regulatory success in Japan:

•The 1.25 billion JPY (approximately $10,813 USD) original upfront payment received on January 19, 2017 following the execution of the Sato Agreement on January 12, 2017.

•A milestone payment of 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,162 USD) received during the fourth quarter of 2018 following Sato’s initiation of a Phase 1 trial in Japan.

•The Sato Amendment upfront payment of 1.25 billion JPY, payable in installments of 0.25 billion JPY, 0.5 billion JPY and 0.5 billion JPY on October 5, 2018, February 14, 2019 and September 13, 2019, respectively. On October 23, 2018, the Company received the first installment from the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,224 USD). On March 14, 2019, the Company received the second installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,460 USD). On November 7, 2019, the Company received the third installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,554 USD).

•An aggregate of 1.0 billion JPY in non-contingent milestone payments that become payable upon the earlier occurrence of specified fixed dates in the future or the achievement of specified milestone events.

The payment terms contained within the Amended Sato Agreement related to upfront, developmental milestone and sales milestone payments are of a short-term nature and, therefore, do not represent a financing component requiring additional consideration.

The following table presents the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities balances for the periods indicated.

Contract Asset Contract Liability Net Deferred Revenue
December 31, 2019 $ 8,974 $ 20,478 $ 11,504
September 30, 2020 $ 8,895 $ 17,056 $ 8,161
Short-term Deferred Revenue Long-term Deferred Revenue Net Deferred Revenue
December 31, 2019 $ 4,428 $ 7,076 $ 11,504
September 30, 2020 $ 4,401 $ 3,760 $ 8,161


	Contract Asset		Contract Liability		Net Deferred Revenue
December 31, 2020	$	4,843	$	16,071	$	11,228

March 31, 2021	$	4,500	$	15,324	$	10,824

	Short-term Deferred Revenue		Long-term Deferred Revenue		Net Deferred Revenue
December 31, 2020	$	2,990	$	8,238	$	11,228

March 31, 2021	$	2,990	$	7,834	$	10,824

The Company has recorded the Sato Agreement and Amended Sato Agreement transaction price, including the upfront payments received and the unconstrained variable consideration, as deferred revenue (comprised of (i) a contract liability; net of (ii) a contract asset).

The change in the net deferred revenue balance during the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~

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~~2020~~March 31, 2021 was associated with (i) the recognition of license and collaboration revenue associated with the Company’s performance during the period (continued amortization of deferred revenue). ; and (ii) the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had an unconditional right to receive consideration of $4,500 and $4,843, respectively, based on a time-based developmental milestone payment that became due and payable as of December 31, 2020. Therefore, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company presented this milestone payment in contracts and grants receivable within its condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized ~~$1,100~~$747 and ~~$3,224,~~$1,024, respectively, in license and collaboration revenue under this agreement. During the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2021, the Company recognized ~~$1,100~~$686 related to foreign currency adjustments related to the contract asset and ~~$3,301, respectively, in license~~contract receivable, presented within other expense, net within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and ~~collaboration revenue under this agreement.~~comprehensive loss.

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The Company has concluded that the above consideration is probable of not resulting in a significant revenue reversal and therefore included in the transaction price and is allocated to the single performance obligation. No other variable consideration under the Amended Sato Agreement is probable of not resulting in a significant revenue reversal as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and therefore, is currently fully constrained and excluded from the transaction price.

The Company evaluated the timing of delivery for ~~each of the obligations~~its performance obligation and concluded that a time-based input method is most appropriate because Sato is accessing and benefiting from the intellectual property and technology (the predominant items of the combined performance obligation) ratably over the duration of Sato’s estimated development period in Japan. Although the Company concluded that the intellectual property is functional rather than symbolic, the services provided under the performance obligation are provided over time. Therefore, the allocated transaction price will be recognized using a time-based input method that results in straight-line recognition over the Company’s performance period.

Prior to the Sato Amendment, the Company estimated the Sato Agreement development timeline for the SB204 product candidate to be approximately 5 years, starting in February 2017 and completing in the first quarter of 2022. With the Amended Sato Agreement, the Company and Sato are now developing both the SB204 and SB206 product candidates for the Japan territory.

The parties continue to work collaboratively to reach agreement, but have not yet reached agreement, with respect to the combined SB204 and SB206 development plan for the Japan territory, including a corresponding timeline and estimated duration for the combined development program. The Company’s current estimated timeline is 7.5 years, starting in February 2017 and completing in the third quarter of 2024.

The Company monitors and reassesses the estimated performance period for purposes of revenue recognition during each reporting period. During the third quarter of 2020, Sato prepared, and the Company reviewed, an SB206 ~~Japan~~Japanese development program timeline that ~~was supportive of the~~supported a 7.5 year performance period ~~estimate. However,~~estimate completing in the third quarter of 2024. The SB204 ~~asset’s Japan~~Japanese development plan and program timeline was not presented and remains under evaluation by the Company and Sato. Currently, the Company understands that the progression of the Japanese SB204 program could follow the same timeline as the Japanese SB206 program, subject to the nature of the results of Sato’s comprehensive asset developmental program, including SB206.

In November of 2020, Sato determined its initial Japanese Phase 1 study for SB206 would require an amended design, including potential evaluation of lower dose strengths, to further refine dose tolerability in a subsequent Phase 1 study. Based upon (i) the need for an additional Phase 1 study; (ii) Sato’s estimated comprehensive developmental schedule for SB206, including additional post-Phase 1 clinical trials; and (iii) current and future Japanese clinical trial material manufacturing and technical transfer considerations, the Company concluded that a prospective delay in Sato’s overall SB206 Japanese development plan had occurred. The Company estimates the program timeline to be extended by 1.75 years from its previous estimate, and a corresponding extension of the performance period estimate to 9.25 years, completing in the second quarter of 2026.

This estimated timeline remains subject to prospective reassessment and adjustment based upon Sato’s interaction with the Japanese regulatory authorities and other developmental and timing considerations. The combined SB204 and SB206 development program timeline in Japan is continuously reevaluated by Sato and the Company, and may potentially be further affected by various factors, ~~including~~including: (i) the ~~results from~~analyses, assessments and decisions made by the ~~Company’s~~joint development committee and the applicable regulatory authorities, which will influence and establish the combined SB204 and SB206 ~~Phase 3 trials in~~Japan development program plan; (ii) the ~~United States, including but not limited to~~remaining timeline and expected top-line efficacy results, ~~announced in January 2020 and~~currently targeted before the ~~results~~end of the ~~ongoing~~second quarter of 2021, from the B-SIMPLE4 ~~trial, (ii) the Company’s remaining timeline for the ongoing B-SIMPLE4~~Phase 3 trial in the United States, which has been and may be further impacted by the COVID-19 ~~pandemic, and~~pandemic; (iii) the API and drug product supply chain progression, including the Company’s build-out of further in-house drug manufacturing ~~capabilities and the progression of~~capabilities; (iv) the Company’s manufacturing technology transfer projects with third-party ~~contract~~CMOs; and (v) a drug delivery device technology enhancement project with a technology manufacturing ~~organizations.~~vendor.

If the duration of the combined SB204 and SB206 development program timeline is further affected by the establishment of or subsequent adjustments to, as applicable, to the mutually agreed upon SB204 and SB206 development plan in the Japan territory, the Company will adjust its estimated performance period for revenue recognition purposes accordingly, as needed.

In future periods, the Company will lift the variable consideration constraint from each contingent payment when there is no longer a probable likelihood of significant revenue reversal. When the constraint is lifted from a milestone payment, the Company will recognize the incremental transaction price using the same time-based input method that is being used to recognize the revenue, which results in straight-line recognition over the performance period. If the Company’s performance is not yet completed at the time that the constraint is lifted, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recognized in the period. If no other performance is required by the Company at the time the constraint is lifted, the Company expects to recognize all revenue associated with such milestone payments at the time that the constraint is lifted.

Contract Costs—Amended Sato Agreement

The Company has incurred certain fees and costs in the process of obtaining the Amended Sato Agreement that were payable upon contract execution and, therefore, have been recognized as other assets and amortized as general and administrative expense on a straight-line basis over the same estimated performance period being used to recognize the associated revenue. These fees are associated with the following two arrangements and are described as follows:

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•The Company entered into an agreement with a third party to assist the Company in exploring the licensing opportunity ~~which~~that led to the execution of the Sato Agreement. The Company is obligated to pay the third party a low-single-digit percentage of all upfront and milestone payments the Company receives from Sato under the Amended Sato Agreement.

•The intellectual property rights granted to Sato under the Amended Sato Agreement include certain intellectual property rights which the Company has licensed from UNC. Under the UNC License Agreement described in Note 3—Research and Development Licenses, the Company is obligated to pay UNC a running royalty percentage in the low single digits on net sales of licensed products, including net sales that may be generated by Sato. Additionally, the Company is obligated to make payments to UNC that represent the portion of the Sato upfront and milestone payments that were estimated to be directly attributable to the UNC intellectual property rights included in the license to Sato.

Performance Obligations under the Amended Sato Agreement

The net amount of existing performance obligations under long-term contracts unsatisfied as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 was ~~$8,161.~~$10,824. The Company expects to recognize approximately ~~26%~~20% of the remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months, and the balance thereafter. The Company applied the practical expedient and does not disclose information about variable consideration related to sales-based or usage-based royalties promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property. This expedient specifically applied to the sales-based milestone payments that are present in the Amended Sato Agreement (3.9 billion JPY), as well as percentage-based royalty payments in the Amended Sato Agreement that are contingent upon future sales.

Government Contracts and Grant Revenue

The Company assessed the following federal grants in accordance with Topic 958 and concluded that both represent conditional non-exchange transactions.

In August 2019, the Company received a Phase 1 federal grant of approximately $223 (the “NIH Phase 1 Grant”) from the National Institutes of Health (the “NIH”). The funds are to be used to advance formulation development of a nitric oxide-containing intravaginal gel (WH602) designed to treat high-risk human papilloma virus (“HPV”) infections that can lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (“CIN”). The specific focus is to ensure the nitric oxide delivery from the gel replicates doses of nitric oxide previously demonstrated to be effective against HPV in the Company’s clinical and in vitro studies. Revenue recognized under the NIH Phase 1 Grant was $0 and $29 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Revenue recognized under this grant was $26 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

In February 2020, following the successful progression of the NIH Phase 1 Grant, the Company was awarded a Phase 2 federal grant of approximately $997 from the NIH (the “NIH Phase 2 Grant”) that will enable the conduct of IND-enabling toxicology and pharmacology studies and other preclinical activity with respect to WH602. The NIH Phase 2 Grant funds will be received by the Company in the form of periodic cost reimbursements as the underlying research and development activities are performed. The Company was awarded additional funding of $126 in March 2021 and may be eligible to receive additional funding as part of the NIH Phase 2 Grant, all of which was or will be subject to availability of NIH funds and satisfactory progress of the ~~project during the initial 12-month term.~~project. Revenue recognized under the NIH Phase 1 Grant and NIH Phase 2 Grant was ~~$104~~$62 and $24 during the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In September 2019, the Company received a grant from the United States Department of Defense’s Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs of approximately $1,113 as part of its Peer Reviewed Cancer Research Program. The grant ~~will support~~supports the development of a non-gel formulation product candidate (WH504) designed to treat high-risk HPV infections that can lead to CIN, with well-characterized physical chemical properties suitable for intravaginal administration. In addition, the grant ~~will support~~supports the evaluation of the effect of varying concentrations and treatment durations of berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) against HPV-18 in human raft cell culture in vitro studies. Revenue recognized under this grant was ~~$113~~$10 and ~~$494~~$165 during the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. ~~Revenue recognized under this grant was $190 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.~~

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Note 6: Research and Development Arrangements

Royalty and Milestone Payments Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek Investments LLC

On April 29, 2019, the Company entered into a royalty and milestone payments purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Reedy Creek Investments LLC (“Reedy Creek”), pursuant to which Reedy Creek provided funding to the Company in an initial amount of $25,000, for the Company to use primarily to pursue the development, regulatory approval and commercialization (including through out-license agreements and other third-party arrangements) activities for SB206, a topical anti-viral gel being developed for the treatment of molluscum, ~~contagiosum,~~ and advancing programmatically such activities with respect to SB204, a once-daily, topical monotherapy being developed for the treatment of acne vulgaris, and SB414, a topical cream-based product candidate being developed for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Reedy Creek was to provide additional funding to the Company of $10,000 contingent upon the achievement by the Company of SB206 clinical trial success, defined as (i) the achievement, no later than March 31, 2020, of statistically significant rates of complete clearance of lesions for molluscum contagiosum in humans at week 12 in each of the two Phase 3 clinical trials or any other primary endpoint required or accepted by the FDA for the SB206 product; or (ii) equivalent achievement (as agreed upon by the parties).

On January 2, 2020, the Company announced top-line results from two pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials of SB206 for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. SB206 did not achieve statistically significant results in the primary endpoint in both trials, which was the complete clearance of all molluscum lesions at Week 12. Based on such results, the Company understands that Reedy Creek will not be paying the Company the contingent $10,000 of additional funding.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company will pay Reedy Creek ongoing quarterly payments, calculated based on an applicable percentage per product of any upfront fees, milestone payments, royalty payments or equivalent payments received by the Company pursuant to any out-license agreement for SB204, SB206 or SB414 in the United States, Mexico or Canada, net of any upfront fees, milestone payments, royalty payments or equivalent payments paid by the Company to third parties pursuant to any agreements under which the Company has in-licensed intellectual property with respect to such products in the United States, Mexico or Canada. The applicable percentage used for determining the ongoing quarterly payments, applied to amounts received directly by the Company pursuant to any out-license agreement for each product, ranges from 10% for SB206 to 20% for SB204 and SB414. However, the agreement provides that the applicable percentage for each product will be 25% for fees or milestone payments received by the Company (but not royalty payments received by the Company) until Reedy Creek has received payments under the Purchase Agreement equal to the total funding amount provided by Reedy Creek under the Purchase Agreement. If the Company decides to commercialize any product on its own following regulatory approval, as opposed to commercializing through an out-license agreement or other third-party arrangement, the Company will be obligated to pay Reedy Creek a low single digits royalty on net sales of such products.

The Company determined that the Reedy Creek Purchase Agreement is within the scope of ~~ASC~~Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 730-20, Research and Development Arrangements. The Company concluded that there has not been a substantive and genuine transfer of risk related to the Purchase Agreement as (i) Reedy Creek has the opportunity to recover its investment regardless of the outcome of the research and development programs within the scope of the agreement (prior to commercialization of any in scope assets through potential out-licensing agreements and related potential future milestone payments); and (ii) there is a presumption that the Company is obligated to pay Reedy Creek amounts equal to its investment based on the related party relationship at the time the parties entered into the Purchase Agreement. The Purchase Agreement is a broad funding arrangement, due to (i) the multi-asset, or portfolio approach including three developmental assets that are within the scope of the arrangement; and (ii) Reedy Creek’s approximate 5% ownership of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company at the time of entry into the Purchase Agreement.

As such, the Company determined that the appropriate accounting treatment under ASC 730-20 was to record the initial proceeds of $25,000 as cash and cash equivalents, as the Company had the ability to direct the usage of funds, and a long-term liability within its classified balance sheet. The long-term liability will remain until the Company receives future milestones from other potential third parties, as defined within the Purchase Agreement, of which 25% will be contractually owed to Reedy Creek. If potential future milestones are received by the Company, and become partly due to Reedy Creek, the corresponding partial repayment to Reedy Creek will result in a ratable reduction of the total long-term obligation to repay the initial purchase price.

Development Funding and Royalties Agreement with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

On May 4, 2019, the Company entered into a development funding and royalties agreement (the “Funding Agreement”) with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Ligand”), pursuant to which Ligand provided funding to the Company of $12,000, for

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the Company to use to pursue the development and regulatory approval of SB206, a topical anti-viral gel being developed for the treatment of ~~molluscum contagiosum.~~molluscum.

Pursuant to the Funding Agreement, the Company will pay Ligand up to $20,000 in milestone payments upon the achievement by the Company of certain regulatory and commercial milestones associated with SB206 or any product that incorporates or uses NVN1000, the ~~active pharmaceutical ingredient~~API for the Company’s clinical stage product candidates, for the treatment of ~~molluscum contagiosum.~~molluscum. In addition to the milestone payments, the Company will pay Ligand tiered royalties ranging from 7% to 10% based on annual aggregate net sales of such products in the United States, Mexico or Canada.

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The Company determined that the Ligand transaction is within the scope of ASC 730-20 as it represents an obligation to perform contractual services for the development of SB206 using commercially reasonable efforts. In addition, the Funding Agreement also states that if all development of SB206 is ceased prior to the first regulatory approval, the Company must pay to Ligand an amount equal to the purchase price less the amount spent in accordance with the development budget on development activities conducted prior to such cessation.

As such, the Company concluded that the appropriate accounting treatment under ASC 730-20 was to record the initial proceeds of $12,000, as a liability and as restricted cash on its condensed consolidated balance sheet, as the funds could only be used for the progression of SB206.

The Company amortizes the liability ratably during each reporting period, based on the Ligand funding as a percentage of the total direct costs incurred by the Company during the reporting period related to the estimated total cost to progress the SB206 program to a regulatory approval in the United States. The ratable Ligand funding is presented within the accompanying condensed consolidated ~~statement~~statements of operations and comprehensive loss as an offset to research and development expenses associated with the SB206 program. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company completed a reassessment of the estimated total cost to progress the SB206 program to a potential United States regulatory approval, including consideration of how such estimated costs may potentially be affected by various regulatory, clinical development, and drug manufacturing and supply factors. During this reassessment, the Company concluded that the incremental costs associated with the conduct of the ~~additional~~ B-SIMPLE4 ~~clinical~~Phase 3 trial would be excluded from the total cost basis used to amortize the liability because they were not contemplated within the ~~Ligand~~ Funding Agreement. The reassessment also concluded that the other projected costs to progress SB206 to a planned regulatory approval in the United States, most of which are regulatory costs associated with the NDA submission process, did not materially change and did not have a material effect on the amortization of the liability.

The initial restricted cash balance was also reduced ratably during interim reporting periods in 2019 in a manner consistent with the amortization method for the Ligand funding liability balance. As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amount spent in accordance with the SB206 development budget on SB206 development activities had exceeded the $12,000 purchase price, causing the aforementioned repayment provision provided for in the Funding Agreement to no longer be enforceable. ~~Therefore, the Company reported 0 restricted cash balance related to the Funding Agreement, as of December 31, 2019 or September 30, 2020 in its accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.~~

For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded ~~$284~~$18 and $2,166, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the SB206 developmental program, funded by Ligand. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $3,350 and $5,543,$1,513, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the SB206 developmental program, funded by Ligand.

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Note 7: Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consisted of the following:


		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019			March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Computer equipment	Computer equipment	$	67	$	575	Computer equipment	$	67	$	67
Furniture and fixtures	Furniture and fixtures	34		305		Furniture and fixtures	34		34
Laboratory equipment	Laboratory equipment	2,337		7,898		Laboratory equipment	3,210		2,930
Office equipment	Office equipment	72		339		Office equipment	137		72
Leasehold improvements	Leasehold improvements	101		7,068		Leasehold improvements	1,362		562
Property and equipment, gross	Property and equipment, gross	2,611		16,185		Property and equipment, gross	4,810		3,665
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(1,201)		(5,679)		Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(1,317)		(1,259)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization		$	1,410	$	10,506
Total property and equipment, net						Total property and equipment, net	$	3,493	$	2,406

Depreciation and amortization expense was ~~$120~~$57 and ~~$1,107~~$495 for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~respectively, and $510 and $1,531 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019,~~ respectively.

~~As described in Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges, during~~During the second quarter of 2020, the Company met the relevant criteria for reporting certain property and equipment as held for sale on June 29, 2020, and as a result, the Company stopped recording depreciation expense on that date, assessed the property and equipment assets for impairment pursuant to FASB Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, and reclassified the remaining carrying value of the assets held for sale as current assets in its condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020. Also during the second quarter of 2020, the Company assessed its remaining property and equipment held for use for potential impairment as of June 29, 2020, as described in Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges.

~~As described in Note 15—Asset Group Disposition, certain~~Certain events and transactions occurred during the ~~three months ended September 30,~~third quarter of 2020 that resulted in the disposition of assets and liabilities within the Company’s various disposal and asset groups, including the disposition of all assets and liabilities within the Company’s facility asset group on July 16, 2020 in conjunction with the lease termination transaction described in Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies.

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company had ~~$470~~$114 of disposal group carrying value remaining, which continues to be classified as assets held for sale in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company’s property and equipment, net, including the impairment and disposal of certain property and equipment, net, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:


	~~Property and Equipment, net~~ This

~~December 31, 2019~~	$	~~10,506~~
~~Additions~~	~~392~~
~~Depreciation~~	~~(1,107)~~
~~Impairment charges~~	~~(2,421)~~
~~Reclassification to assets held for sale~~	~~(977)~~
~~Facility asset group disposition~~	~~(4,902)~~
~~Other disposals~~	~~(81)~~
~~September 30, 2020~~	$	~~1,410~~

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disposal group and related assets are certain manufacturing and laboratory equipment associated with the Company’s previous large scale drug manufacturing capability, which is being sold over time through a consignment seller.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had goods and services associated with the planning, design and build-out of its new facility of $540 and $365, respectively, which is included in other accrued expenses in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 8: Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Obligations

The Company leases office space and certain equipment under non-cancelable lease agreements.

~~Pursuant to the Company’s accounting policy and applicable guidance in~~In accordance with ASC 842, Leases (Topic 842), arrangements meeting the ~~Company assesses all arrangements that convey the right to control the use~~definition of ~~property, plant and equipment, at inception, to determine if each such arrangement is, or contains,~~ a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present in that arrangement. For those leases identified, the Company determines the lease classification, recognition, and measurement at the lease commencement date. For arrangements that contain a lease the Company: (i) identifies lease and non-lease components; (ii) determines the consideration in the contract; (iii) determines whether the lease is anare classified as operating or financing ~~lease;~~leases and ~~(iv) recognizes lease Right of Use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities. Lease liabilities~~ are recorded ~~based~~ on the ~~present value of~~balance sheet as both a right-of-use asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the ~~expected~~lease term at the rate implicit in the lease, if available, otherwise at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right-of-use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term. The corresponding ROU asset is measured from the initial lease liability, adjusted by (i) accrued or prepaid rents; (ii) remaining unamortized initial direct costs and lease incentives; and (iii) any impairments of the ROU asset.

The Company separates lease components (fixed rent payments) from non-lease components (common-area maintenance costs) on its real estate assets. Fixed lease payments on operating leases are recognized over the expected term of the lease on a straight-line basis. Variable lease expenses, ~~that~~if any, are ~~not considered fixed are expensed as~~recorded when incurred. ~~Fixed~~

In calculating the right-of-use asset and ~~variable~~ lease ~~expense on operating leases is recognized within operating expenses within~~liability, the ~~Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.~~Company elected, and has in practice, historically combined lease and non-lease components. The Company ~~does not recognize an ROU asset or corresponding liability for lease arrangements with an original term~~excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or ~~less.~~

~~The interest rate implicit in~~less from the ~~Company’s lease contracts is typically not readily determinable~~guidance as an accounting policy election and ~~as such, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based~~recognizes rent expense on ~~the information available at~~a straight-line basis over the lease commencement date, which represents an internally developed rate that would be incurred to borrow, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.term.

~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease

In August 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement for approximately 51,000 rentable square feet of facility space in Morrisville, North Carolina, commencing in April 2016 (the ~~“Primary~~“Hopson Road Facility Lease”). The initial term of the Primary Facility Lease extended through June 30, 2026. The Company had an option to extend the Primary Facility Lease by five years upon completion of the initial lease term; however, the renewal period was not included in the calculation of the lease obligation. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had approximately $7,900 in remaining minimum lease payments under the Primary Facility Lease.

On July 16, 2020, the Company entered into a Lease Termination Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”) with Durham Hopson, LLC (as successor-in-interest to Durham Hopson Road, LLC) (the “Landlord”), which provided for the early termination of the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease, subject to certain conditions. Pursuant to the terms of the Termination Agreement, the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease was terminated in connection with the Landlord entering into a lease with an unrelated third party (the “New Tenant”) for the premises in the building covered by the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease (the “New Tenant Lease”), which commenced on July 16, 2020.

As consideration for the early termination of the Primary Facility Lease pursuant to the Termination Agreement, the Company paid $600 to the Landlord, $539 of which was remitted through the Company’s existing security deposit under the Primary Facility Lease to the Landlord, and $61 of which was paid in cash. In addition, pursuant to the terms of a separate and stand-alone agreement between the Company and its real estate broker, the Company incurred a broker fee of $405 upon execution of the Termination Agreement. These costs directly associated with the execution of the Termination Agreement, which totaled $1,005 in aggregate, were included as part of the loss on disposition of the Company’s facility asset group, as described in Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges.

In connection with the termination of the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease pursuant to the Termination Agreement, the Company entered into a sublease agreement, which was effective upon the termination of the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease and the commencement of the New Tenant Lease, through which the Company began to sublease from the New Tenant approximately 12,000 square feet (reduced to approximately 10,000 square feet after August 31, 2020) in the building that was covered by the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease (the “Sublease”). The New Tenant and the Landlord entering into the New Tenant Lease was a condition precedent to the effectiveness of the termination of the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease pursuant to the Termination Agreement, and, in connection with the termination of the ~~Primary~~Hopson Road Facility Lease, the Landlord consented to the Sublease. The Company decommissioned and physically exited the premises covered by the Sublease ~~will expire~~during the three months ended March 31, 2021, and the Sublease’s material terms expired on March 31, 2021.

Triangle Business Center Facility Lease

On January 18, 2021, the Company entered into a Lease, dated as of January 18, 2021, as amended as of March 18, 2021 (the “TBC Lease”), by and between the Company and Copper II 2020, LLC (the “TBC Landlord”), pursuant to which the Company will lease 15,623 rentable square feet located at a new location (the “Premises”). The Premises will serve as the Company’s new corporate headquarters. The Company is building out the Premises to support various cGMP activities, including research and development and small-scale manufacturing capabilities. These capabilities include the infrastructure necessary to support small-scale drug substance manufacturing and the ability to act as a primary, or secondary backup, component of a potential future commercial supply chain.

The TBC Lease commenced on January 18, 2021 (the “Lease Commencement Date”). Rent under the TBC Lease commences on the earlier of (i) the date the Company occupies a certain portion of the Premises, as specified in the TBC Lease, for the purposes of conducting business therein, or (ii) nine months after the Lease Commencement Date, provided that the date for purposes of (ii) is subject to extension for any delay in the TBC Landlord’s delivery of the Premises to the Company in

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~~2021,~~accordance with certain specifications set forth in the TBC Lease (the “Rent Commencement Date”). The term of the TBC Lease expires on the last day of the one hundred twenty-third calendar month after the Rent Commencement Date immediately preceding the tenth anniversary of the Lease Commencement Date (and if the Rent Commencement Date does not ~~earlier terminated,~~occur on the first day of a calendar month, the period from the Rent Commencement Date to the first day of the next calendar month shall be included in the first such month for purposes of determining the duration of the term of the TBC Lease). The TBC Lease provides the Company with one option to extend the term of the TBC Lease for a period of five years, which would commence upon the expiration of the original term of the TBC Lease, with base rent of a market rate determined according to the TBC Lease; however, the renewal period was not included in the calculation of the lease obligation as the Company determined it was not reasonably certain to exercise the renewal option.

The monthly base rent for the Premises will be approximately $40 for months 1-12. Beginning with month 13 and annually thereafter, the monthly base rent will be increased by 3%. Subject to certain terms, the TBC Lease provides that base rent will be abated for three months following the Rent Commencement Date. The Company is ~~terminable,~~obligated to pay its pro-rata portion of taxes and operating expenses for the building as well as maintenance and insurance for the Premises, all as provided for in ~~part or~~the TBC Lease.

The TBC Landlord has agreed to provide the Company with a tenant improvement allowance in ~~whole,~~an amount not to exceed $130 per rentable square foot, totaling approximately $2,031. The tenant improvement allowance will be paid over four equal installments corresponding with work performed by the Company. Pursuant to the terms of the TBC Lease, the Company delivered to the TBC Landlord a letter of credit in the amount of $472 as collateral for the full performance by the Company ~~upon 30 days’ written notice with no penalty.~~

~~The Company currently expects to operate~~of all of its ~~corporate headquarters, research~~obligations under the TBC Lease and ~~development laboratories~~for all losses and ~~pilot scale cGMP manufacturing activities within~~damages the ~~Facility pursuant to the Sublease, however,~~TBC Landlord may suffer as a result of any default by the Company ~~decommissioned~~under the ~~areas within the Facility, as well as the associated equipment, that supported~~TBC Lease. Cash funds maintained in a separate deposit account at the Company’s ~~large scale cGMP drug manufacturing capability~~financial institution to fully secure the letter of credit are presented as restricted cash in preparation for execution of the Termination Agreement. The Company incurred an aggregate of approximately $300 during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 for these decommissioning, environmental remediation and other preparatory services to ready the Facility for the execution of the Termination Agreement. These costs were included within research and development expenses innon-current assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated ~~statements of operations.~~balance sheets.

Rent expense, including both short-term and variable lease components associated with the ~~primary facility lease, was $53 and $448 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $225 and $655 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.~~

~~In connection with the execution of the Termination Agreement~~Hopson Road Facility Lease and the ~~associated performance of decommissioning activities mentioned above, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets~~TBC Lease, as applicable, was $145 and $224 for impairment, principally its right of use lease asset and its property, plant and equipment, including leasehold improvements. See Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges for a discussion of the Company’s evaluation of its long-lived assets and the resulting impairment charges recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Company also recorded an additional loss based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated with the July 2020 lease termination transaction during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020. See Note 15—Asset Group Disposition~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The weighted average remaining lease term for ~~additional detail regarding~~ the ~~loss on~~TBC Lease and weighted average discount rate for the ~~Company’s facility~~TBC Lease are 10.75 years and 8.35%, respectively, as of March 31, 2021.

Future net minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2021 were as follows:


Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Lease
2021	$	(1,991)
2022	481
2023	496
2024	511
2025	526
2026 and beyond	3,451
Total future undiscounted lease payments	$	3,474
Add: reclassification of discounted net cash inflows to other current assets	$	1,637
Less: imputed interest	$	(1,991)
Total reported lease liability	$	3,120

The table above reflects payments for an operating lease with a remaining term of one year or more, but does not include obligations for short-term leases. In addition, the net cash inflow related to the 2021 fiscal year presented above relates to the expected timing of the tenant improvement allowance of $2,031 being funded by the TBC Landlord, which the Company reasonably expects to receive by December 31, 2021, partially offset by expected lease payments for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Components of lease assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2021 were as follows:


	As of March 31, 2021
Leases
Assets
Other current asset related to leasing arrangement, net	$	1,637
Right-of-use lease assets	1,444
Total assets	$	3,081

Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities - operating lease	$	3,120
Total lease liabilities	$	3,120

The effective discounted value of the payments of the tenant improvement allowance of $2,031, being funded by the TBC Landlord, partially offset by the expected lease payments by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021, results in a net balance of $1,637 which is presented within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as other current asset ~~group disposition.~~related to leasing arrangement, net as of March 31, 2021. Furthermore, this amount is also included in long-term lease liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2021.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. See Legal Proceedings below for further discussion of pending legal claims.

The Company has entered into, and expects to continue to enter into, contracts in the normal course of business with various third parties who support its clinical trials, preclinical research studies and other services related to its development ~~activities.~~activities, in addition to potential third-party manufacturers for the manufacture of our product candidates. The scope of the services under these agreements can generally be modified at any time, and these agreements can generally be terminated by either party after a period of notice and receipt of written notice. There have been no material contract terminations as of ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021.

See Note 3—Research and Development Licenses regarding the Company’s research and development license agreements.

See Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements regarding the Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek and the Funding Agreement with Ligand.

See Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) regarding outstanding warrants relating to the January 2018 Public Offering, the March 2020 Public Offering and the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and is not aware of any claims or actions pending ~~or threatened~~ against the Company that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, cash flows or financial statements. In the future, the Company might from time to time become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from its ordinary course of business.

Compensatory Obligations

In conjunction with the departures of 2 former Company officers in 2019, the Company entered into separation and general release agreements that included separation benefits consistent with the Company’s obligations under their previously existing employment agreements for “separation from service” for “good reason.” The Company recognized related severance expense of $0 and $878, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The accrued severance obligation in respect of the 2 former officers was $33 as of December 31, 2019 and was fully paid in the first quarter of 2020.

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As part of a strategic objective to reduce the Company’s costs related to internal resources, facilities, and infrastructure capabilities, the Company took actions in February 2020 to reduce the Company’s internal resources. Employee severance costs associated with this action were $59, which were expensed during the first quarter of 2020. ~~As of September 30, 2020, there were 0 severance costs accrued in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.~~

See Note 11—~~Share-Based~~Stock-Based Compensation regarding the Stock Appreciation Rights granted in January 2020.

See Note 12—Tangible Stockholder Return Plan regarding the Tangible Stockholder Return Plan adopted in August 2018.

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Note 9: Paycheck Protection Program

On April 22, 2020, the Company entered into a promissory note, which was subsequently amended (the “Note”), evidencing an unsecured loan in the amount of approximately $956 made to the Company (the “Loan”) under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”). The PPP was established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and is administered by the United States Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). The Loan ~~to the Company~~ was made through PNC Bank, National Association. Subject to the terms of the Note, the Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of one percent (1%) per annum. Principal and interest on unforgiven amounts are payable monthly commencing on the fifteenth day of the month following the First Payment Date, as defined within the Note. The Note provides that the Loan may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to the April 22, 2022 maturity date without penalty.

The Company has ~~not yet~~ applied for forgiveness and has presented a portion of the ~~loan~~Loan within current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The short-term portion was estimated using the maximum Deferral Expiration Date, as defined within the Note, based on the related latest potential timing of payments with regards to any unforgiven amounts. The ~~Company intends to apply for forgiveness and based on the ultimate determination of what may or may not be forgiven, the~~ overall timing of payments with respect to the amounts of principal and interest due could ~~change.~~change based on the ultimate determination of the extent to which the Loan, including interest accrued thereon, is forgiven, if at all.

Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for all or a portion of loans granted under the PPP, with such forgiveness to be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loan proceeds for payment of permitted and program-eligible expenses. Interest payable on the Note may be forgiven only if the SBA agrees to pay such interest on the forgiven principal amount of the Note. No assurance is provided that the Company will obtain forgiveness of the Loan in whole or in part. The Company will be obligated to repay any portion of the principal amount of the ~~Note~~Loan that is not forgiven, together with interest accrued and accruing thereon at the rate set forth above, until such unforgiven portion is paid in full.

Note 10: Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Capital Structure

In conjunction with the completion of the Company’s initial public offering in September 2016, the Company further amended its ~~amended and~~ restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated its bylaws. The amendment provides for 210,000,000 authorized shares of capital stock, of which 200,000,000 shares ~~have been~~are designated as $0.0001 par value common stock and 10,000,000 shares ~~have been~~are designated as $0.0001 par value preferred stock.

March 2020 Public Offering

On February 27, 2020, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright, as underwriter, relating to the offering, issuance and sale of 14,000,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,333,334 shares of common stock (the “CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants”), and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 18,333,334 shares of common stock (the “firm warrants”). The Company also granted H.C. Wainwright, as underwriter, a 30-day option to purchase up to 2,750,000 additional shares of common stock and/or common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,750,000 shares of common stock, which H.C. Wainwright partially exercised on March 2, 2020 to purchase 1,498,602 shares of common stock and common warrants to purchase 2,750,000 shares of common stock (the “option warrants,” and together with the firm warrants, the “CMPO Common Warrants”). The combined price to the public in this offering for each share of common stock and accompanying common warrants was $0.30, and the combined price to the public in this offering for each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant was $0.2999. The March 2020 Public Offering closed on March 3, 2020. At closing, the Company also issued to designees of H.C. Wainwright, as underwriter, warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 594,958 shares of common stock (the “CMPO UW Warrants”) representing 3.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold and shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants sold in the March 2020 Public Offering.

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The CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and continue in effect until such warrants are exercised in full. The CMPO Common Warrants have an exercise price of $0.30 per share and expire five years from the date of issuance. The CMPO UW Warrants have an exercise price of $0.375 per share and expire five years from the date of issuance.

Through September 30, 2020, warrant holders exercised a total of 4,333,334 CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants and 18,459,167 CMPO Common Warrants. As of September 30, 2020, there were 2,624,167 CMPO Common Warrants and 594,958 CMPO UW Warrants outstanding. As of September 30, 2020, all of the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants had been exercised in full, such that there were 0 more CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants outstanding as of such date. Net proceeds from the offering were approximately $5,158 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $791. Offering costs were netted against the offering proceeds and recorded to additional paid-in capital. ~~In addition, proceeds from~~

During the first quarter of 2020, all of the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised in full, such that there were 0 more of the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2020. The CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants had an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.

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The CMPO Common Warrants have an exercise price of $0.30 per share and expire five years from the date of issuance. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, warrant holders exercised 62,500 of the CMPO Common Warrants for total proceeds of approximately $18. From the March 3, 2020 closing date of the March 2020 public offering through March 31, 2021, warrant holders exercised a total of 18,521,667 of the CMPO Common Warrants for total proceeds of approximately $5,557. There were 2,561,667 of the CMPO Common Warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2021.

The CMPO UW Warrants have an exercise price of $0.375 per share and expire five years from the date of issuance. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, warrant holders exercised 481,916 of the CMPO UW Warrants for total proceeds of approximately ~~$5,538 through September 30,~~$181. NaN of the CMPO UW Warrants were exercised during 2020. There were 113,042 of the CMPO UW Warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2021.

Common warrants and underwriter warrants. The CMPO Common Warrants and CMPO UW Warrants include certain provisions that establish warrant holder settlement rights that take effect upon the occurrence of certain fundamental transactions. The CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants define a fundamental transaction to generally include any consolidation, merger or other transaction whereby another entity acquires more than 50% of the Company’s outstanding common stock or the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. The fundamental transaction provision provides the warrant holders with the option to settle any unexercised warrants for cash in the event of certain fundamental transactions that are within the control of the Company. For any fundamental transaction that is not within the control of the Company, including a fundamental transaction not approved by the Company’s board of directors, the warrant holder will only be entitled to receive from the Company or any successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion) that is being offered and paid to the stockholders of the Company in connection with the fundamental transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof. In the event of any fundamental transaction, and regardless of whether it is within the control of the Company, the settlement amount of the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants (whether in cash, stock or a combination thereof) is determined based upon a Black-Scholes value that is calculated using inputs as specified in the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants, including a defined volatility input equal to the greater of the Company’s 100-day historical volatility or 100%.

The CMPO Common Warrants and CMPO UW Warrants also include a separate provision whereby the exercisability of such warrants may be limited if, upon exercise, the warrant holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or an amount up to 9.99% if the holder so elects) of the Company’s common stock.

The Company ~~has~~ assessed the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants for appropriate equity or liability classification pursuant to the Company’s accounting ~~policy described in Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.~~policy. During this assessment, the Company determined (i) the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants dodid not constitute a liability under ASC 480; (ii) the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants ~~meet~~met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815; (iii) the warrant holder’s option to receive a net cash settlement payment under the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants only becomes exercisable upon the occurrence of certain specified fundamental transactions that are within the control of the Company; (iv) upon the occurrence of a fundamental transaction that is not within the control of the Company, the warrant holder would receive the same type or form of consideration offered and paid to common stockholders; (v) the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock; and (vi) the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants ~~meet~~met all other conditions for equity classification under ASC 480 and ASC 815. Based on the results of this assessment, the Company concluded that the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants are freestanding equity-linked derivative instruments that ~~meet~~met the criteria for the own-equity scope exception to derivative accounting under ASC 815. Accordingly, the CMPO Common Warrants and the CMPO UW Warrants ~~are~~were classified as equity and ~~are~~were accounted for as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance.

Pre-funded warrants. The CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants’ fundamental transaction provision ~~does~~did not provide the warrant holders with the option to settle any unexercised warrants for cash in the event of any fundamental transactions; rather, in all fundamental transaction scenarios, the warrant holder ~~will~~was only be entitled to receive from the Company or any successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion) that iswas being offered and paid to the stockholders of the Company in connection with the fundamental transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof. The CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants also ~~include~~included a separate provision whereby the exercisability of the warrants ~~may~~could be limited if, upon exercise, the warrant holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or an amount up to 9.99% if the holder so elects) of the Company’s common stock.

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The Company ~~has~~ assessed the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants for appropriate equity or liability classification pursuant to the Company’s accounting ~~policy described in Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.~~policy. During this assessment, the Company determined the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~are~~ were

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freestanding instruments that dodid not meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480 and dodid not meet the definition of a derivative pursuant to ASC 815. The CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~are~~were indexed to the Company’s common stock and ~~meet~~met all other conditions for equity classification under ASC 480 and ASC 815. Based on the results of this assessment, the Company concluded that the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~are~~were freestanding equity-linked financial instruments that ~~meet~~met the criteria for equity classification under ASC 480 and ASC 815. Accordingly, the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~are~~were classified as equity and ~~are~~were accounted for as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance.

March 2020 Registered Direct Offering

On March 24, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with several institutional and accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue, in a registered direct offering priced at the market, an aggregate of 10,550,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase 8,054,652 shares of common stock (the “RDO Pre-Funded Warrants”). The purchase price for each share of common stock was $0.43, and the price for each pre-funded warrant was $0.4299. The March 2020 Registered Direct Offering closed on March 26, 2020. At closing, the Company also issued to designees of H.C. Wainwright, as placement agent, warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 558,140 shares of common stock (the “RDO PA Warrants”) representing 3.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold and shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants sold in the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering. Net proceeds from the offering were approximately $7,225 after deducting fees and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $774. Offering costs were netted against the offering proceeds and recorded to additional paid-in capital.

During the first quarter of 2020, warrant holders exercised 4,602,326 of the RDO Pre-Funded Warrants. From the March 26, 2020 closing date of the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering through December 31, 2020, warrant holders exercised all of the 8,054,652 RDO Pre-Funded Warrants that were issued, and NaN of the RDO Pre-Funded Warrants were outstanding as of March 31, 2021. The RDO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~have~~had an exercise price of $0.0001 per ~~share and continue in effect until such warrants are exercised in full.~~ share.

The RDO PA Warrants have an exercise price of $0.5375 per share and expire five years from the date of issuance.

~~Through September 30, 2020,~~ NaN of the RDO PA Warrants were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, warrant holders exercised ~~all~~452,093 of the ~~8,054,652 RDO Pre-Funded Warrants that were issued. As of September 30, 2020, there were 0 RDO Pre-Funded Warrants and 558,140~~ RDO PA Warrants ~~outstanding.~~

for total proceeds of approximately $243, and there were 106,047 of the RDO PA Warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2021.

Placement agent warrants. The RDO PA Warrants contain substantially similar terms as the CMPO UW Warrants, including fundamental transaction settlement provisions. The Company conducted an assessment of the RDO PA Warrants for appropriate equity or liability classification pursuant to the Company’s accounting ~~policy described in Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.~~policy. The Company reached the same determinations as described above for the CMPO UW Warrants, and the Company concluded that the RDO PA Warrants are freestanding equity-linked derivative instruments that ~~meet~~met the criteria for the own-equity scope exception to derivative accounting under ASC 815. Accordingly, the RDO PA Warrants ~~are~~were classified as equity and ~~are~~were accounted for as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance.

Pre-funded warrants. The RDO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~contain~~contained substantially similar terms as the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants, including fundamental transaction settlement provisions that dodid not provide the warrant holders with the option to settle any unexercised warrants for cash in the event of any fundamental transactions; rather, in all fundamental transaction scenarios, the warrant holder ~~will~~was only be entitled to receive from the Company or any successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion) that is being offered and paid to the stockholders of the Company in connection with the fundamental transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof. The Company conducted an assessment of the RDO Pre-Funded Warrants for appropriate equity or liability classification pursuant to the Company’s accounting ~~policy described in Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.~~policy. The Company reached the same determinations as described above for the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants, and the Company concluded that the RDO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~are~~were freestanding equity-linked financial instruments that ~~meet~~met the criteria for equity classification under ASC 480 and ASC 815. Accordingly, the RDO Pre-Funded Warrants ~~are~~were classified as equity and ~~are~~were accounted for as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance.

January 2018 Offering

On January 9, 2018, the Company completed a public offering of its common stock and warrants pursuant to the Company’s ~~effective~~then-effective shelf registration statement (the “January 2018 Offering”)~~. The Company~~, pursuant to which it sold an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a public offering price of $3.80 per share of common stock and accompanying warrant. The warrant exercise price is $4.66 per share and will expire four years from the date of issuance. ~~Net proceeds from~~Based on the ~~offering were approximately $35,194 after deducting underwriting~~results of the Company’s assessment of the warrants for appropriate equity or liability classification, the Company determined that the warrants issued in connection with the January 2018 Offering

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~~discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $2,806. The warrants issued in connection with the January 2018 Offering~~ are freestanding equity-linked derivative instruments that ~~meet~~met the criteria for the own-equity scope exception to derivative accounting under ASC 815. Accordingly, such warrants ~~have been~~were classified as equity and were accounted for as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance.

There were 0 exercises of warrants issued in the January 2018 Offering ~~costs were netted against~~during the ~~offering proceeds~~three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020.

The following table presents outstanding warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock for the periods indicated.


	March 31, 2021	December 31, 2020	Exercise Price Per Share

Warrants to purchase common stock issued in the January 2018 Offering	10,000,000	10,000,000	$	4.66
Warrants to purchase common stock issued in the March 2020 Public Offering	2,561,667	2,624,167	0.30
Underwriter warrants to purchase common stock associated with the March 2020 Public Offering	113,042	594,958	0.375
Placement agent warrants to purchase common stock issued in the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering	106,047	558,140	0.5375
	12,780,756	13,777,265

The weighted average exercise price per share for warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and ~~recorded to additional paid-in capital.~~

~~Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreements~~December 31, 2020 was $3.71 and $3.48, respectively.

July 2020 Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement

On July 21, 2020, the Company entered into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $30,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during the 30-month term of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. Upon execution of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, the Company agreed to sell to Aspire Capital 5,555,555 shares of its common stock at $0.90 per share for proceeds of $5,000. In consideration for entering into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, upon satisfaction of certain conditions under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “July 2020 Commitment Shares”). ~~These~~The July 2020 Commitment Shares, valued at approximately $847, were recorded in July 2020 as non-cash costs of equity financing and included within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of ~~operations.~~operations and comprehensive loss. The July 2020 Aspire CSPA replaced the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, which was terminated under the terms of the July ~~2020 Aspire CSPA. See below for the terms of the June~~ 2020 Aspire CSPA.

Concurrently with entering into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which the Company agreed to file with the SEC one or more registration statements, as necessary, and to the extent permissible and subject to certain exceptions, to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, ~~(the “Securities Act”),~~ the sale of the shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued to Aspire Capital under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. On July 23, 2020, the Company filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement to the Company’s effective shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236583) registering all of the shares of common stock that may be offered to Aspire Capital from time to time.

Under the terms of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, on any trading day selected by the Company, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a purchase notice (each, a “July 2020 Purchase Notice”), directing Aspire Capital (as principal) to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock per business day, up to an aggregate of $30,000 (including the initial purchase shares) of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate at a per share price (the “July 2020 Purchase Price”) equal to the lesser of (i) the lowest sale price of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date; or (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices for the Company’s common stock during the ten (10) consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase date. The aggregate purchase price payable by Aspire Capital on any one purchase date may not exceed $500, unless otherwise mutually agreed. The parties may mutually agree to increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be purchased per trading day pursuant to the terms of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA to up to 2,000,000 shares.

In addition, on any date on which the Company submits a July 2020 Purchase Notice to Aspire Capital in an amount equal to 300,000 shares, the Company also has the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a volume-weighted average price purchase notice (each, a “July 2020 VWAP Purchase Notice”) directing Aspire Capital to purchase an amount of stock

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equal to up to 30% of the aggregate shares of the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the next trading day (the “July 2020 VWAP Purchase Date”), subject to a maximum number of shares the Company may determine. The purchase price per share pursuant to such July 2020 VWAP Purchase Notice is generally 97% of the volume-weighted average price for the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the July 2020 VWAP Purchase Date.

The July 2020 Purchase Price will be adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the period(s) used to compute the July 2020 Purchase Price. The Company may deliver multiple July 2020 Purchase Notices and July 2020 VWAP Purchase Notices to Aspire Capital from time to time during the term of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, so long as the most recent purchase has been completed.

The July 2020 Aspire CSPA provides that the Company and Aspire Capital shall not effect any sales under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA on any purchase date where the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock is less than $0.15. There are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, and the Company will control the timing and amount of sales of the Company’s common stock to Aspire Capital. Aspire Capital has no right to require any sales by the

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Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Company as directed by the Company in accordance with the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. There are no limitations on use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financing transactions, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. The July 2020 Aspire CSPA may be terminated by the Company at any time, at its discretion, without any penalty or additional cost to the Company. Aspire Capital has agreed that neither it nor any of its agents, representatives and affiliates shall engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of the Company’s common stock during any time prior to the termination of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. Any proceeds the Company receives under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA are expected to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The July 2020 Aspire CSPA provides that the number of shares that may be sold pursuant to the July 2020 Aspire CSPA will be limited to 25,433,642 shares (the “July 2020 Exchange Cap”), which represents 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock on July 21, 2020, unless stockholder approval or an exception pursuant to the rules of the Company’s principal market, currently the Nasdaq ~~Global~~Capital Market, is obtained to issue more than 19.99%. This limitation will not apply if, at any time the July 2020 Exchange Cap is reached and at all times thereafter, the average price paid for all shares issued under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA is equal to or greater than $0.5907, which is the arithmetic average of the five closing sale prices of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the execution of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. The Company is not required or permitted to issue any shares of common stock under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA if such issuance would breach its obligations under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq ~~Global~~Capital Market. The Company may, in its sole discretion, determine whether to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99% of its outstanding shares of Common Stock hereunder if such issuance would require stockholder approval under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq ~~Global~~Capital Market.

~~As of September 30, 2020,~~During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company ~~has~~ sold ~~13,092,464~~4,931,633 shares of its common stock at an average price of ~~$0.74 per share under~~$1.28 for total proceeds of $6,334. From the inception of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, as of March 31, 2021, the Company has sold 22,210,397 shares of its common stock at an average price of $0.81 per share, including 5,555,555 shares of its common stock at $0.90 which the Company agreed to sell to Aspire Capital upon execution of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, for total proceeds of ~~$9,626.~~$17,995. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company had ~~$20,374~~$12,005 in remaining availability for sales of its common stock under the July ~~2020 Aspire CSPA.~~

~~June 2020 Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement~~

On June 15, 2020, the Company entered into the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, which provided that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital was committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $20,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during the 30-month term of the Purchase Agreement. The June 2020 Aspire CSPA replaced the 2019 Aspire CSPA, which was terminated under the terms of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. See below for terms of the 2019 Aspire CSPA.

Concurrently with entering into the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which the Company agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act, registering the sale of the shares of the Company’s common stock that have been issued to Aspire Capital under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. On June 17, 2020, the Company filed with the SEC, a prospectus supplement to the Company’s effective shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236583) registering all of the shares of common stock that were issued to Aspire Capital under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.

Under the terms of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, on any trading day selected by the Company, the Company had the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a purchase notice (each, a “June 2020 Purchase Notice”), directing Aspire Capital (as principal) to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock per business day, up to an aggregate of $20,000 of the Company’s common stock, at a per share price (the “June 2020 Purchase Price”) equal to the lesser of (i) the lowest sale price of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date; or (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices for the Company’s common stock during the ten (10) consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase date. The aggregate purchase price payable by Aspire Capital on any one purchase date could not exceed $500, unless otherwise mutually agreed. The parties could mutually agree to increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be purchased per trading day pursuant to the terms of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA to up to 2,000,000 shares.

In addition, on any date on which the Company submitted a June 2020 Purchase Notice to Aspire Capital in an amount equal to 300,000 shares, the Company also had the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a volume-weighted average price purchase notice (each, a “June 2020 VWAP Purchase Notice”) directing Aspire Capital to purchase an amount of stock equal to up to 30% of the aggregate shares of the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the next trading day (the “June 2020 VWAP Purchase Date”), subject to a maximum number of shares the Company may determine. The purchase price per share pursuant to such June 2020 VWAP Purchase Notice was~~generally 97% of the volume-weighted~~

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~~average price for the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the June 2020 VWAP Purchase Date.~~

The June 2020 Purchase Price would have been adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the period(s) used to compute the June 2020 Purchase Price. The Company could deliver multiple June 2020 Purchase Notices and June 2020 VWAP Purchase Notices to Aspire Capital from time to time during the term of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, so long as the most recent purchase has been completed.

The June 2020 Aspire CSPA provided that the Company and Aspire Capital would not effect any sales under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA on any purchase date where the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock was less than $0.15. There were no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, and the Company controlled the timing and amount of sales of the Company’s common stock to Aspire Capital. Aspire Capital had no right to require any sales by the Company, but was obligated to make purchases from the Company as directed by the Company in accordance with the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. There were no limitations on use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financing transactions, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. The June 2020 Aspire CSPA could be terminated by the Company at any time, at its discretion, without any penalty or additional cost to the Company. Aspire Capital agreed that neither it nor any of its agents, representatives and affiliates would engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of the Company’s common stock during any time prior to the termination of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.

The June 2020 Aspire CSPA provided that the number of shares that could be sold pursuant to the June 2020 Aspire CSPA would be limited to 15,859,487 shares (the “June 2020 Exchange Cap”), which represented 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock on June 15, 2020, unless stockholder approval or an exception pursuant to the rules of the Nasdaq Global Market was obtained to issue more than 19.99%. This limitation would not apply if, at any time the June 2020 Exchange Cap was reached and at all times thereafter, the average price paid for all shares issued under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA was equal to or greater than $0.414, which is the price equal to the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the execution of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. The Company was not required or permitted to issue any shares of common stock under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA if such issuance would breach its obligations under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market. The Company could, in its sole discretion, determine whether to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99% of its outstanding shares of Common Stock hereunder if such issuance would require stockholder approval under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market.

In consideration for entering into the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, upon satisfaction of certain conditions under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 1,449,275 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “June 2020 Commitment Shares”). These June 2020 Commitment Shares valued at approximately $848 were recorded in June 2020 as non-cash costs of equity financing and included within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had sold 37,764,280 shares of common stock at an average price of $0.53 per share under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, for total proceeds of $20,000. There was 0 remaining availability for sales of its common stock under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA when it was replaced by the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

~~2019 Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement~~

On August 30, 2019, the Company entered into the 2019 Aspire CSPA, which provided that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital was committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $25,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during the 30-month term of the Purchase Agreement. Concurrently with entering into the 2019 Aspire CSPA, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which the Company agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act, registering the sale of the shares of the Company’s common stock that have been issued to Aspire Capital under the 2019 Aspire CSPA. On September 16, 2019, the Company filed with the SEC, a prospectus to the effective Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-233632) registering 7,032,630 shares of common stock that were issued to Aspire Capital under the 2019 Aspire CSPA.

Under the terms of the 2019 Aspire CSPA, on any trading day selected by the Company, the Company had the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a purchase notice (each, a “2019 Purchase Notice”), directing Aspire Capital (as principal) to purchase up to 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock per business day, up to $25,000 of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate at a per share price (the “2019 Purchase Price”) equal to the lesser of (i) the lowest sale price of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date, or (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices for

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the Company’s common stock during the ten (10) consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase date. The aggregate purchase price payable by Aspire Capital on any one purchase date could not exceed $500.

In addition, on any date on which the Company submitted a 2019 Purchase Notice to Aspire Capital in an amount equal to 100,000 shares, the Company also had the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a volume-weighted average price purchase notice (each, a “2019 VWAP Purchase Notice”) directing Aspire Capital to purchase an amount of stock equal to up to 30% of the aggregate shares of the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the next trading day (the “2019 VWAP Purchase Date”), subject to a maximum number of shares the Company may determine. The purchase price per share pursuant to such VWAP Purchase Notice was~~generally 97% of the volume-weighted average price for the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the VWAP Purchase Date.~~

The 2019 Purchase Price would have been adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the period(s) used to compute the 2019 Purchase Price. The Company could deliver multiple 2019 Purchase Notices and 2019 VWAP Purchase Notices to Aspire Capital from time to time during the term of the 2019 Aspire CSPA, so long as the most recent purchase has been completed.

The 2019 Aspire CSPA provided that the Company and Aspire Capital would not effect any sales under the 2019 Aspire CSPA on any purchase date where the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock was less than $0.25. There were no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the 2019 Aspire CSPA, and the Company controlled the timing and amount of sales of the Company’s common stock to Aspire Capital. Aspire Capital had no right to require any sales by the Company, but was obligated to make purchases from the Company as directed by the Company in accordance with the 2019 Aspire CSPA. There were no limitations on use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financing transactions, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the 2019 Aspire CSPA. The 2019 Aspire CSPA could be terminated by the Company at any time, at its discretion, without any penalty or additional cost to the Company. Aspire Capital agreed that neither it nor any of its agents, representatives and affiliates would engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of the Company’s common stock during any time prior to the termination of the 2019 Aspire CSPA.

The 2019 Aspire CSPA provided that the number of shares that may be sold pursuant to the 2019 Aspire CSPA would be limited to 5,211,339 shares (the “2019 Exchange Cap”), which represented 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock on August 30, 2019, unless stockholder approval or an exception pursuant to the rules of the Nasdaq Global Market was obtained to issue more than 19.99%. This limitation did not apply if, at any time the 2019 Exchange Cap was reached and at all times thereafter, the average price paid for all shares issued under the 2019 Aspire CSPA was equal to or greater than $2.17, which was the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the execution of the 2019 Aspire CSPA. The Company was not required or permitted to issue any shares of common stock under the 2019 Aspire CSPA if such issuance would breach its obligations under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market. The Company may, in its sole discretion, determine whether to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99% of its outstanding shares of Common Stock hereunder if such issuance would require stockholder approval under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market.

In consideration for entering into the 2019 Aspire CSPA, concurrently with the execution of the 2019 Aspire CSPA, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 345,622 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Commitment Shares”). These Commitment Shares valued at $750 were recorded in 2019 as non-cash costs of equity financing.

In addition to the limitations noted above, pursuant to the securities purchase agreement relating to the March 26, 2020 Registered Direct Offering, the Company was prohibited from issuing additional securities in any variable rate transaction (as defined in the securities purchase agreement), including under the 2019 Aspire CSPA for a period of one year, unless, following the 60th day of the date of the securities purchase agreement, the VWAP (as defined in the securities purchase agreement) was greater than the per share purchase price of the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering for five (5) consecutive trading days. In early June 2020, the Company’s stock price achieved a VWAP greater than the per share purchase price of the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering for five consecutive trading days. As such, in early June 2020, the prohibition related to issuing additional securities in any variable rate transaction, including the 2019 Aspire CSPA, was no longer applicable.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company sold an aggregate of 4,565,717 shares of common stock at an average price of $0.50 per share under the 2019 Aspire CSPA, for total proceeds of $2,280. From the inception of the 2019 Aspire CSPA through the termination of the 2019 Aspire CSPA on June 15, 2020 in connection with the Company entering into the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, the Company sold a total of 4,865,717 shares of common stock at an average price of $0.62 per share under the 2019 Aspire CSPA, for total proceeds of $3,026. There was 0 remaining availability for sales of its common stock under the 2019 Aspire CSPA when it was replaced by the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.

Common Stock

The Company’s common stock has a par value of $0.0001 per share and consists of 200,000,000 authorized shares as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. There were ~~141,513,791~~151,653,150 and ~~26,734,800~~145,700,091 shares of voting common stock outstanding as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Outstanding stock options (Note 11) 2,087,117 1,789,303
Warrants to purchase common stock issued in January 2018 Offering (Note 10) 10,000,000 10,000,000
Warrants to purchase common stock issued in March 2020 Public Offering (Note 10) 3,219,125 0
Warrants to purchase common stock issued in March 2020 Registered Direct Offering (Note 10) 558,140 0
Outstanding stock appreciation rights (Note 11) 610,000 1,000,000
For possible future issuance under 2016 Stock Plan (Note 11) 432,983 388,463
16,907,365 13,177,766


	March 31, 2021	December 31, 2020
Outstanding warrants to purchase common stock	12,780,756	13,777,265
Outstanding stock options (Note 11)	1,985,025	1,991,964
Outstanding stock appreciation rights (Note 11)	610,000	610,000
For possible future issuance under the 2016 Stock Plan (Note 11)	480,827	523,802
	15,856,608	16,903,031

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Preferred Stock

The Company’s ~~amended and~~ restated certificate of incorporation provides the Company’s board of directors with the authority to issue $0.0001 par value preferred stock from time to time in one or more series by adopting a resolution and filing a certificate of designations. Voting powers, designations, preferences, dividend rights, conversion rights and liquidation preferences shall be stated and expressed in such resolutions. There were 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred stock and 0 shares outstanding as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Note 11: ~~Share-Based~~Stock-Based Compensation

2016 Stock Plan

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company continued to administer and grant awards under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the “2016 Plan”), the Company’s only active equity incentive plan. Certain of the Company’s outstanding and exercisable stock options remain subject to the terms of the Company’s 2008 Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”), which is the predecessor to the 2016 Plan and became inactive upon adoption of the 2016 Plan effective September 20, 2016.

On July 31, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2016 Plan (“the 2016 Plan Amendment”), to increase the number of shares reserved under the 2016 Plan by 1,000,000 and to increase the award limit on the maximum aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be granted to any one person during any calendar year from 250,000 to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. All other material terms of the 2016 Plan otherwise remain unchanged.

~~Stock Appreciation Rights~~

~~On August 8, 2018,~~See Note 14—Subsequent Events regarding the Company entered into an employment agreement with G. Kelly Martin (the “Martin Employment Agreement”). The Employment Agreement provided for 1,000,000 stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) (the “Martin SAR Award”) grantedAnnual Meeting held on ~~a contingent basis that would have been irrevocably forfeited~~May 4, 2021 and ~~voided in full if~~ the ~~Company had failed~~proposal to ~~obtain stockholder approval for~~amend the 2016 Plan ~~Amendment. If such approval had not been obtained,~~to increase the ~~Company would have been required to pay Mr. Martin the cash equivalent~~aggregate number of ~~the value of the Martin SAR Award. Following stockholder approval of the 2016 Plan Amendment, the Martin SAR Award was no longer considered to be granted on a contingent basis.~~

~~The Martin SAR Award entitled Mr. Martin to a payment (in cash,~~ shares ~~of common stock or a combination of both) equal to the fair market value of one share~~ of the Company’s common stock ~~on the date of exercise less the exercise price of $3.80 per~~that may be issued.

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share. The SARs were to be deemed automatically exercised and settled as of February 1, 2020, provided Mr. Martin remained continuously employed with the Company through such date unless vesting was otherwise expressly accelerated pursuant to the Martin SAR Award. The Martin SAR Award vested in full on February 1, 2020. On February 1, 2020, the fair market value of the Company’s common stock was $0.52 per share, and as such, the Martin SAR Award expired unexercised and 1,000,000 shares became available to be granted under the 2016 Plan.Stock Appreciation Rights

Effective December 17, 2019, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Paula Brown Stafford (the “Amended and Restated Stafford Employment Agreement”). On January 6, 2020, following the release of top-line results of the Company’s Phase 3 molluscum clinical program as provided in the Amended and Restated Stafford Employment Agreement, 600,000 ~~SARs~~stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) were granted to Ms. Stafford with an exercise price of $0.82 per share (the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date) and with a ten year term (the “Stafford SAR Award”). The Stafford SAR Award was granted on a contingent basis and would have been considered irrevocably forfeited and voided in full if sufficient shares of the Company’s common stock were not available under the 2016 Plan or if the Company failed to obtain stockholder approval for amendments to the 2016 Plan at the next annual stockholders’ meeting to provide sufficient shares for the Stafford SAR Award. Such shares became available under the 2016 Plan on February 1, 2020, and the ~~Stafford SAR Award was~~SARs were no longer considered granted on a contingent ~~basis.~~basis and were classified as equity-based awards. The Stafford SAR Award vests quarterly and will vest in full on December 31, 2021, subject to Ms. Stafford’s continuous service as an employee or consultant of the Company through the vesting period.

~~During the three and nine months ended September 30,~~On August 18, 2020, the Company granted 10,000 SARs to a consultant of the Company with an exercise price of $0.53 per share (the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date) with a ten year term.

During the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded employee ~~share-based~~stock-based compensation expense related to SARs of ~~$31~~$29 and ~~$122,~~$62, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a reduction to employee share-based compensation expense, including fair value adjustments related to the Martin SAR Award, of $3. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense of $413 related to the Martin SAR Award.

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, there were a total of 610,000 SARs ~~outstanding.~~

~~Inducement Grants~~

~~During the years ended 2019 and 2018, the Company awarded nonstatutory stock options to purchase shares~~outstanding, 385,000 of common stock to newly-hired employees, as inducements material to the individuals’ entering into employment with the Company within the meaning of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) (the “Inducement Grants”). On May 31, 2018, the Company awarded 100,500 Inducement Grants with an exercise price of $3.15 per share, and on September 6, 2019, the Company awarded 25,000 Inducement Grants with an exercise price of $2.62 per share. The Inducement Grantswhich were awarded outside of the Company’s 2016 Plan, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4), but have terms and conditions generally consistent with the Company’s 2016 Plan and vest over three years, subject to the employee’s continued service as an employee or consultant through the vesting period.

During the first quarter of 2020, the 25,000 Inducement Grants related to the September 6, 2019 award were forfeited in their entirety. During the third quarter of 2020, 2,166 Inducement Grants granted in 2018 were forfeited.

~~As of September 30, 2020, there were a total of 91,834 Inducement Grants outstanding.~~exercisable.

Stock Compensation Expense

During the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded employee ~~share-based~~stock-based compensation expense of ~~$141~~$80 and ~~$832, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense of $690 and $2,444,~~$272, respectively. Total ~~share-based~~stock-based compensation expense included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020		2019		2020		2019				2021		2020
Research and development	Research and development	$	74	$	376	$	585	$	957	Research and development		$	(52)	$	208
General and administrative	General and administrative	67		314		247		1,487		General and administrative		132		64
		$	141	$	690	$	832	$	2,444
Total										Total		$	80	$	272

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Stock option activity for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 is as follows:

Shares
Subject to
Outstanding
Options Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years) Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019 1,789,303 $ 3.89
Options granted 557,000 0.52
Options forfeited (247,686) 3.54
Options exercised (11,500) 0.47
Options outstanding as of September 30, 2020 2,087,117 $ 3.05 7.66 $ 10

On February 13, 2020, the Company issued 383,000 stock options from the 2016 Plan, (the “Retention Grants”). These Retention Grants were issued to certain employees, vest quarterly and will be fully vested on December 31, 2020, provided that the grantee remains an employee or consultant to the Company as of each vesting date.


	Shares Subject to Outstanding Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2020	1,991,964	$	3.07
Options granted	88,970	1.66
Options forfeited	(70,992)	4.25
Options exercised	(24,917)	0.51
Options outstanding as of March 31, 2021	1,985,025	$	3.00	7.05	$	543

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, there were a total of ~~2,087,117~~1,985,025 stock options outstanding ~~including 91,834 inducement grants. In addition,~~and there were ~~432,983~~480,827 shares available for future issuance under the 2016 ~~Plan as of September 30, 2020.~~Plan.

Note 12: Tangible Stockholder Return Plan

Performance Plan

On August 2, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved and established the Tangible Stockholder Return Plan, which is a performance-based long-term incentive plan (the “Performance Plan”). The Performance Plan was effective immediately upon approval and expires on March 1, 2022. The Performance Plan covers all employees, including the Company’s executive officers, consultants and other persons deemed eligible by the Company’s compensation committee. The core underlying metric of the Performance Plan is the achievement of 2 share price goals for the Company’s common stock, which if achieved, would represent measurable increases in stockholder value.

The Performance Plan is tiered, with 2 separate tranches, each of which has a distinct share price target (measured as the average publicly traded share price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq stock exchange for a 30 consecutive trading day period) that will, if achieved, trigger a distinct fixed bonus pool. The share price target for the first tranche and related bonus pool are $11.17 per share and $25,000, respectively. The share price target for the second tranche and related bonus pool are $25.45 per share and $50,000, respectively. The compensation committee has discretion to distribute the bonus pool related to each tranche among eligible participants by establishing individual minimum bonus amounts before, as well as by distributing the remainder of the applicable pool after, the achievement of each tranche specific share price target. Otherwise, if the Company does not achieve one or both related share price targets, as defined, no portion of the bonus pools will be paid.

The Performance Plan provides for the distinct fixed bonus pools to be paid in the form of cash. However, the compensation committee has discretion to pay any bonus due under the Performance Plan in the form of cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, provided that the Company’s stockholders have approved the reservation of shares of the Company’s common stock for such payment.

The Performance Plan permits the compensation committee to make bonus awards subject to varying payment terms, including awards that vest and are payable immediately upon achieving an applicable share price target as well as awards that pay over an extended period (either with or without ongoing employment requirements). The Performance Plan contemplates that no bonus award payments will be delayed beyond 24 months for named executive officers or more than 12 months for all other participants.

For purposes of determining whether a share price target has been met, the share price targets will be adjusted in the event of any stock splits, cash dividends, stock dividends, combinations, reorganizations, reclassifications or similar events. In the event of a change in control, as defined in the Performance Plan, during the term of the Performance Plan, a performance bonus pool will become due and payable to participants on a pro-rata basis, as calculated and determined by the compensation committee based on the Company’s progress toward the share price target as of the date of the change in control and subject to adjustment by the compensation committee as permitted under the Performance Plan.

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The Company has concluded that the Performance Plan is within the scope of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation as the underlying plan obligations are based on the potential attainment of certain market share price targets of the Company’s common stock. Any awards under the Performance Plan would be payable, at the discretion of the Company’s compensation committee following the achievement of the applicable share price target, in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a

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combination thereof, provided that, prior to any payment in common stock, the Company’s stockholders have approved the reservation of shares of the Company’s common stock for such payment.

ASC 718 requires that a liability-based award should be classified as a liability on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and the amount of compensation cost recognized should be based on the fair value of the liability. When a liability-based award includes both a service and market condition, the market condition is taken into account when determining the appropriate method to estimate fair value and the compensation cost is amortized over the estimated service period. Therefore, the liability associated with the Performance Plan obligation is recorded within other long-term liabilities on the ~~Company’s~~ accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at the estimated fair value on the date of issuance and is re-valued each subsequent reporting period end. The Company recognizes ~~share-based~~stock-based compensation expense within operating expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, including adjustments to the fair value of the liability-based award, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

The fair value of obligations under the Performance Plan are estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The Company’s common stock price is simulated under the Geometric Brownian Motion framework under each simulation path. The other assumptions for the Monte Carlo simulation include the risk-free interest rate, estimated volatility and the expected term. Expected stock price volatility is based on the Company’s actual historical volatility over a historical period equal to the expected remaining life of the ~~plan.~~plan, adjusted for certain market considerations and other factors. The fair value of the underlying common stock is the published closing market price on the Company’s principal market, which is currently the Nasdaq ~~Global~~Capital Market, as of each reporting date, as adjusted for significant results, as necessary (if applicable). The risk-free interest rate is based on the ~~U.S.~~United States Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of valuation equal to the remaining expected life of the plan. The dividend yield percentage is 0 because the Company does not currently pay dividends, nor does it intend to do so during the expected term of the plan. The expected life of bonus awards under the Performance Plan is assumed to be equivalent to the remaining contractual term based on the estimated service period including the service inception date of the plan participants and the contractual end of the Performance Plan.

During the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded adjustments to the fair value of the Performance Plan obligation in ~~share-based~~stock-based compensation expense of an increase of $44 and a reduction of $6 and $35, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense related to the Performance Plan obligation of $429 and $1,353,$113, respectively.

Note 13: Related Party Transactions

Members of the Company’s board of directors held ~~1,104,776~~1,174,776 and ~~1,002,776~~1,104,776 shares of the Company’s common stock as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

Health Decisions

On October 25, 2018, the Company announced ~~the formation of a dedicated women’s health business unit as well as~~ a foundational collaboration with Health Decisions, Inc. (“Health Decisions”). Health Decisions is a full-service contract research organization specializing in clinical studies of therapeutics for women’s health indications. The Company’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Paula Brown Stafford, is also a ~~shareholder~~stockholder and serves on the board of directors of Health Decisions.

Reedy Creek

Reedy Creek ~~previously~~ beneficially owned greater than 5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and ~~still holds~~held approximately ~~3.9 million~~3,900,000 warrants, all of which ~~was~~were acquired during the ~~Company’s~~ January 2018 ~~Offering. Accordingly, Reedy Creek~~Offering, and, accordingly, was a related party of the Company at the time the Company entered into the ~~purchase agreement~~Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek, described in Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements. The ~~purchase agreement~~Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek was evaluated and approved pursuant to the Company’s existing related party transactions policy. Based solely on information reported in a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021, Reedy Creek still beneficially owns greater than 5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and holds approximately 3,900,000 warrants.

2020 Registered Direct Offering

Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. (“Sabby”), while a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company, purchased 6,200,000 shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,602,326 shares of common stock for approximately $3,800 in the March

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2020 Registered Direct Offering described in Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit). Sabby’s participation in the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering was evaluated and approved pursuant to the Company’s existing related party transactions policy. Based solely on information reported in a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on

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January 5, 2021, Sabby no longer held any of the Company’s common stock or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock.

Joseph Moglia, while a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company, purchased 1,000,000 shares of common stock for $430 in the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering described in Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit). Mr. Moglia’s participation in the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering was evaluated and approved pursuant to the Company’s existing related party transactions policy. Based solely on information reported in a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on January 27, 2021, Mr. Moglia was no longer a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company.

Note 14: ~~Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges~~Subsequent Events

~~The~~2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

On May 4, 2021, the Company ~~has pursued a broader strategic plan since 2019 to shift~~held its operating cost structure characteristics from fixed to variable, including efforts to reduce or offset its remaining fixed Primary Facility Lease obligation. The Morrisville, North Carolina facility underlying2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”).

At the ~~Primary Facility Lease (the “Facility”) served as~~Annual Meeting, the Company’s ~~corporate headquarters and its sole research, development and manufacturing facility. The Company conducted certain activities and engaged in certain transactions during~~stockholders approved an amendment to the ~~second and third quarters~~2016 Plan to increase the aggregate number of 2020 that ultimately achieved relief from the remaining fixed Primary Facility Lease obligation. These activities and transactions had various accounting implications, which are described in detail within this Note and Note 15—Asset Group Disposition.

Following the completion of a large scale manufacturing campaign that produced clinical trial materials for the Company’s B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial for SB206 in May 2020, and in contemplation of the lease termination transaction described in Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies, the Company initiated decommissioning of the Facility in June 2020, and on June 29, 2020, the physical removal of the primary components of the large scale manufacturing process equipment from the Facility was deemed substantially complete. As a result of these decommissioning actions, the Company determined that as of June 29, 2020, the Company had fundamentally changed its intended use of the Facility and certain related assets, including (i) the removalshares of the Company’s ~~large scale cGMP drug manufacturing capability~~common stock authorized for issuance thereunder by 15,000,000 shares. This amendment was approved by the Company’s board of directors on March 10, 2021. The approval by the Company’s stockholders of this proposal is contingent and ~~(ii)~~will be effective upon the ~~conditioning~~earlier to occur of (i) the effective time of a certificate of amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of the ~~Facility to facilitate a transaction that reduces or offsets the Company’s remaining fixed Primary Facility Lease obligation. This fundamental change~~State of Delaware in the intended use of certain assets required the Company to reassess its historical asset groupings, which resulted in a change from a single, entity-level asset group to multiple asset groups based on the lowest level of separately identifiable cash flows. The multiple new asset groups identified during the reassessment are described in detail below.

As of June 29, 2020, the Company evaluated all of its long-lived assets for potential held for sale classification pursuant to policies described in Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies. The Company identified the following two disposal groups that met the criteria to be classified as held for sale within its condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020:

•~~The first disposal group consisted of furniture and equipment to be sold to the New Tenant pursuant~~relation to a bill of sale executed on July 16, 2020. The disposal group’s carrying value of $454 was compared to its estimated fair value less costs to sell of $265, resulting in an impairment charge of $189 recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2020. The selling price expected to be paid by the New Tenant to acquire the furniture and equipment disposal group was the best estimate of fair value, which the Company concluded was a Level 2 input within the fair value measurement hierarchy in FASB ASC 820, ~~Fair Value Measurements~~.

•The second disposal group consisted of certain manufacturing and laboratory equipment associated with the Company’s large scale drug manufacturing capability that the Company intends to sell through a consignment seller. The disposal group’s carrying value of $1,510 was compared to its estimated fair value less costs to sell of $712, resulting in an impairment charge of $798 recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2020. The estimated selling prices provided by the consignment seller were determined to be the best estimate of fair value, which the Company concluded were Level 3 inputs within the fair value measurement hierarchy.

~~The Company assessed its remaining long-lived assets classified as held and used for~~ potential ~~impairment as of June 29, 2020~~reverse stock split pursuant to the ~~Company’s policy described in Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies, including those long-lived assets in the following two asset groups:~~

•~~Right-of-use asset, leasehold improvements and other property affixed~~authority previously granted to the ~~Facility.~~ ~~This asset group, which had an aggregate carrying value~~Company’s board of $8,227 as of June 29, 2020, consisted of a right-of-use asset associated with the Primary Facility Lease of $1,816, leasehold improvements and other property affixed to the Facility of $5,872, and restricted cash that secured a letter of credit associated with the Primary Facility Lease of $539. Due to actions taken as of June 29, 2020, the Company committed to no longer use the asset group to supportdirectors by the Company’s ~~future revenue-producing drug development operations. This significant change in~~stockholders at the ~~intended use~~2020 Annual Meeting of ~~this asset group was considered~~Stockholders (the “2020 Annual Meeting”), or (ii) an ~~indicator of impairment that resulted in the performance of a recoverability test. The Company~~

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concluded that the asset group was not recoverable because the asset group’s carrying value exceeded its expected future undiscounted net cash flows, which were based on Company-specific facts and circumstances and included the economics of and costs associated with the lease termination transaction described in Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies, and thus, the Company identified a potential impairment. The Company then estimated the fair value of the asset group, which was based on fair value principles in FASB ASC 820, ~~Fair Value Measurements~~ ~~and generally focuses on the value that a market participant would be willing to pay for the highest and best use of the asset group. The Company~~earlier time as determined that the lease terms established in the New Tenant’s prime lease of the Facility were representative of the asset group’s highest and best use and were consistent with market terms; therefore, such terms were considered to be the best available valuation inputs for the fair value estimate. Using a market average borrowing rate to discount the New Tenant’s prime lease payments, the Company estimated the fair value of the asset group to be $7,298 and, as a result, measured and recorded an impairment charge of $929 during the three months ended June 30, 2020. The inputs to the fair value estimate of this asset group were determined to be Level 3 inputs within the fair value measurement hierarchy.

The Company determined that the June 30, 2020 carrying value of this asset group, as adjusted for the aforementioned impairment charge, was representative of its value to a market participant for its highest and best use, as required under the ASC 820 fair value model.

•~~Other assets held and used.~~ ~~This asset group, which had an aggregate carrying value of $505 as of June 29, 2020, consisted of equipment and other property that was not directly associated with~~by the Company’s ~~continuing research, development and pilot scale drug manufacturing capabilities. The Company tested this asset group for recoverability because the Company intends to dispose~~board of these assets significantly before the end of their previously estimated useful life, which is an impairment indicator. However, this asset group had not met the criteria to be classified as held for sale because the Company has not yet established a plan to sell these assets and is uncertain whether it will do so within the next twelve months. During the recoverability test, the Company determined this asset group was unlikely to generate any material future cash flows for the Company. The Company further determined that a market participant was unlikely to pay any material value for such assets and therefore concluded the fair value of this asset group was 0. As a result, the Company measured and recorded an impairment charge of $505 during the three months ended June 30, 2020. The inputs to the fair value estimate of this asset group were determined to be Level 3 inputs within the fair value measurement hierarchy.directors in its sole discretion.

The Company’s ~~remaining long-lived assets, which include retained manufacturing~~stockholders did not approve the proposal to amend the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 200,000,000 to 250,000,000 shares. Because the Company’s stockholders did not approve an increase in authorized shares, without implementing a potential reverse stock split that would reduce the number of outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and ~~laboratory equipment with a carrying value of $744 that will continue~~thereby increase the shares available for issuance, the Company may not have the ability to raise additional capital as needed to support development, regulatory approval and ~~enable~~potential commercialization of its product candidates.

Previously at the 2020 Annual Meeting, the Company’s ~~continuing research, development~~stockholders approved a proposal to amend the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of its common stock at a ratio of not less than one-for-two and ~~pilot scale drug manufacturing capabilities, had no change~~not more than one-for-fifteen, with such ratio and the implementation and timing of such reverse stock split to ~~their intended use, no impairment indicators were identified, and no further assessment of recoverability was required.~~

As noted above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized within its condensed consolidated statements of operations an impairment loss on long-lived assets totaling $2,421. See Note 15—Asset Group Disposition for the additional loss recordedbe determined by the ~~Company, which was based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated with~~Company’s board of directors in its sole discretion. The Company’s board of directors will still have the authority to effect a reverse stock split until July ~~2020 lease termination transaction during~~28, 2021, if, in its sole discretion, the ~~three months ended September 30, 2020, rather than~~board of directors determines that effecting a reverse stock split is in the ~~market participant valuation model that was required to be used during the impairment assessment as~~best interests of ~~June 29, 2020.~~

~~Note 15: Asset Group Disposition~~

The Company conducted certain activities and engaged in certain transactions during the second and third quarters of 2020 that ultimately achieved relief from the remaining fixed Primary Facility Lease obligation. These activities and transactions had various accounting implications, which are described in detail within this Note and Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges.

On July 16, 2020, the Company entered into the lease termination transaction as described in Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies. Subsequent to July 16, 2020, the Company has continued to utilize its sublet premises within the Facility as its corporate headquarters, research and development laboratories and pilot scale cGMP manufacturing activities, and intends to continue to do so through March 31, 2021, pursuant to the Sublease between the Company and ~~New Tenant.~~

The following events and transactions occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020 for the Company’s various disposal and asset groups, as described in Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges:its stockholders.

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•~~Disposal groups classified as assets held for sale.~~

◦The first disposal group, which consisted of furniture and equipment, was sold to the New Tenant pursuant to a bill of sale executed on July 16, 2020. The disposal group’s carrying value, net of an impairment charge recognized in the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020, was equal to the amount of proceeds received; therefore, 0 gain or loss was recognized on the disposition.

◦The second disposal group, which consists of certain manufacturing and laboratory equipment associated with the Company’s large scale drug manufacturing capability, is being sold over time through a consignment seller. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received or expects to receive aggregate net proceeds of $242 from the sale of certain assets within this disposal group, with 0 gain or loss recognized. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $470 of disposal group carrying value remaining, which continues to be classified as assets held for sale in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

•~~Long-lived asset groups classified as held and used.~~

◦~~Right-of-use asset, leasehold improvements and other property affixed to the Facility, restricted cash and lease liabilities associated with the Primary Facility Lease~~. In conjunction with the lease termination transaction as described in Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies, all assets and liabilities within this asset group were disposed of on July 16, 2020. As of the disposition date, the aggregate carrying value of the assets was $7,257 and the aggregate carrying value of the associated lease liabilities was $5,951. The $1,306 net charge resulting from the write-off of these assets and liabilities was combined with $466 of other direct costs incurred in connection with the lease termination transaction to result in a $1,772 total loss on disposition. This loss, which is in addition to the impairment loss recognized during the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020 and described in Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges, was based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated with the July 2020 lease termination transaction, rather than the market participant valuation model that was required to be used during the impairment assessment as of June 29, 2020.

◦~~Remaining long-lived property and equipment assets.~~ The Company’s remaining long-lived assets, which include retained manufacturing and laboratory equipment, continue to support and enable the Company’s continuing research, development and pilot scale drug manufacturing capabilities. The Company continued to account for these assets pursuant to its existing accounting policies, including recognition of additions and disposals occurring in the normal course and the continued depreciation based on estimated useful lives.

The following table summarizes the loss on facility asset group disposition as presented within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:



~~Property and Equipment, net~~	$	~~4,902~~
~~Restricted cash (security deposit)~~	~~539~~
~~Right-of-use assets~~	~~1,816~~
~~Total facility group assets~~	~~7,257~~

~~Lease liabilities, current portion~~	~~(1,169)~~
~~Lease liabilities, net of current portion~~	~~(4,782)~~
~~Total facility group liabilities~~	~~(5,951)~~

~~Net carrying value of facility asset group~~	$	~~1,306~~

~~Other direct disposal costs~~	~~466~~

~~Loss on facility asset group disposition~~	$	~~1,772~~

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Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 24, ~~2020, as amended by our Annual Report (Amendment No. 1) on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on May 20, 2020~~2021 (referred to herein as our Annual Report).

In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “due,” “goal,” “objective,” “plan,” “seek,” “target,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” or “estimate,” and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of management based on information currently available to management. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks, including, without limitation, the following:

•We have incurred net losses since our incorporation and anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We will need significant additional funding to continue our operating activities and ~~make further advancements in certain~~for the advancement of our ~~late-stage clinical~~product development programs, ~~or develop additional product candidates.~~including potential commercialization efforts, beyond what is currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of ~~$242.6~~$258.2 million. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we would be forced to delay, reduce, terminate or eliminate our ~~clinical~~product development programs, or ~~eventual~~our commercialization ~~efforts, and/~~efforts.

•Raising additional capital, including through the issuance of shares of our common stock to Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, or ~~limit~~Aspire Capital, pursuant to the common stock purchase agreement that we entered into with Aspire Capital on July 21, 2020, or the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, may cause significant dilution to our ~~operations.~~existing stockholders, reduce the trading price of our common stock, or may cause us to take actions to increase the number of authorized but unissued shares, including implementing a potential reverse stock split pursuant to the authority previously granted to our board of directors by our stockholders at our 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or the 2020 Annual Meeting, or seeking stockholder approval to increase the number of shares authorized under our restated certificate of incorporation.

•We have entered into and rely on, and may enter into and rely on other, strategic relationships for the further development and commercialization of our product candidates and if we are unable to enter into such relationships on favorable terms or at all, or if such relationships are unsuccessful, if disputes arise between us and our strategic partners or if we fail to trigger contingent payments under such strategic relationships, we may be unable to realize the potential economic benefit of those product candidates.

•Ongoing or future product development activities, including preclinical studies, may not prove successful in demonstrating proof-of concept, or may show adverse toxicological findings, and even if successful may not necessarily predict that subsequent clinical trials will show the requisite safety and efficacy of our product candidates.

•~~Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results.~~

•Delay or termination of planned clinical trials for our product candidates, including as a result of disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in unplanned expenses or significantly adversely impact our remaining developmental activities and potential commercial prospects with respect to, and ability to generate potential revenues from, such product candidates.

•We may not be able to achieve the objectives described in the sections entitled “Priority Development Pipeline,” “Pipeline Expansion Opportunities,” “Business Updates” and “Corporate Updates” below. The results of any further development activities may not be sufficient to support a new drug application, or NDA, submission for any of our product candidates, or regulatory approval of our product candidates.

•The regulatory approval processes of the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, are lengthy, time-consuming and inherently unpredictable and may be disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our business will be substantially harmed.

•We specialize solely in developing nitric oxide-based therapeutics to treat a range of diseases with significant unmet needs, and if we do not successfully achieve regulatory approval for any of our product candidates or successfully commercialize them, we may not be able to continue as a business. Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with uncertain timelines and outcomes, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results. Ongoing or future product development activities may not be successful, including in that our preclinical studies may not prove successful in demonstrating proof-of concept or may show adverse toxicological findings, and our clinical trials may not show the requisite safety and efficacy of our product candidates.

•Delay or termination of planned clinical trials for our product candidates, including as a result of disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, would result in unplanned expenses and adversely impact our remaining developmental activities and potential commercial prospects with respect to, and ability to generate potential revenues from, such product candidates.

•If we encounter difficulties or delays enrolling patients in our clinical trials, our clinical development activities would be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.

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•The issuance of shares in additional equity financings or upon exercise of our outstanding warrants and options may cause substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and reduce the trading price of our common stock.

•As a result of our operating losses and negative cash flows from operations, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our December 31, 2019 financial statements included an explanatory paragraph indicating that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

•We rely on third parties to conduct some of our preclinical studies and our clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, or are adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize any of our product ~~candidates.~~candidates as planned or at all.

•We ~~have historically manufactured clinical trial materials internally and we intend~~may expend our limited resources to ~~utilize third parties, including Orion Corporation,~~pursue one or Orion, to manufacture components of our clinical trial materials and, potentially, commercial supplies of any approved product candidates. If we do not have sufficient quantities of clinical trial materials at acceptable quality levels and within established timelines, it could adversely impact our development and potential future commercialization of any of ourmore product candidates or ~~result in~~indications within our ~~breaching our obligations~~product development strategy, which has changed and may continue to ~~others.~~

•~~Unexpected delays in our ability~~change over time, and fail to ~~manufacture our NVN1000 active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, or the associated drug product in a deliverable form, whether~~capitalize on a pilot scale in our facility or at a third-party manufacturer for support of our development and/or commercialization activities could adversely affect our development and commercialization timelines and result in increased costs of our development programs.

•We intend to rely on third parties to manufacture raw materials, including our NVN1000 API, and drug product components utilized in clinical trial materials for us and parties with which we contract. Failure to transfer technology and processes to third parties, including any NVN1000 API contract manufacturer and Orion, effectively or failure of those third parties to obtain approval of and maintain compliance with the FDA or comparable regulatory authorities, to provide us with sufficient quantities of raw materials, including API, and drug product components or to provide such raw materials or drug product components at acceptable quality levels or prices could adversely impact our development and potential future commercialization of any of our product candidates or ~~result in our breaching our obligations to others.~~indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

•Our product candidates may pose safety issues, cause adverse events, have side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if any.

•The regulatory approval processes of the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, are lengthy, time-consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates on a timely basis or at all, our business will be substantially harmed.

•Our product candidates, if approved, will face significant competition, and our failure to effectively compete may prevent us from achieving significant market penetration.

•If we are unable to establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for our product candidates or any future product candidate that receives regulatory approval, either through a commercial partner or internally, we may not be successful in commercializing and generating potential revenues from those product candidates, if approved.

•Delays or disruptions in the qualification of manufacturing facilities and processes or in the manufacture of our (i) active pharmaceutical ingredients, or APIs, including NVN1000 or any other Nitricil new chemical entities, or NCEs, or (ii) clinical trial materials or commercial supplies of any approved product candidates, whether by us or any third-party manufacturer with whom we contract, including any delays in the upfit of our new facility under the TBC Lease (as defined below) or in the transfer of technology to third-party manufacturers, could adversely affect our development and commercialization timelines and result in increased costs of our development programs or in our breaching our obligations to others.

•We currently rely on third-party suppliers to provide the raw materials that are used by us or our third-party manufacturers in the manufacture of our product candidates. There are a limited number of suppliers for raw materials, including nitric oxide, that we use to manufacture our product candidates. In addition, we currently rely on third-party logistics vendors to transport our raw materials, API, and drug products through our supply chain. Certain materials, including our API, have designated hazard classifications that limit available transportation modes or quantities. Third-party logistics vendors may choose to delay or defer transportation of materials with such hazard classifications from time to time, which could adversely impact the timing or cost of our manufacturing supply chain activities or other associated development activities.

•Changes to our leadership team or operational resources could prove disruptive to our operations and have adverse consequences for our business and operating results.

•The price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate significantly, which could result in substantial losses for our existing stockholders.

•If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for our product candidates, or if the scope of the patent protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize technology and products similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize our technology and product candidates may be impaired.

•~~If we are unable~~We may not be able to ~~establish sales, marketing~~achieve the objectives described in the sections entitled “Priority Development Pipeline,” “Pipeline Expansion Opportunities,” “Manufacturing and ~~distribution capabilities~~Supplies,” “Business Updates” and “Corporate Updates” below. The results of any further development activities may not be sufficient to support a new drug application, or NDA, submission for any of our product candidates, or ~~any future product candidate that receives~~ regulatory approval ~~either through a commercial partner or internally, we may not be successful in commercializing and generating potential revenues from those~~of our product ~~candidates, if approved.~~candidates.

•~~Changes~~As a result of our operating losses and negative cash flows from operations, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our December 31, 2020 financial statements included an explanatory paragraph indicating that there is substantial doubt about our ability to ~~our leadership team or operational resources could prove disruptive to our operations and have adverse consequences for our business and operating results.~~continue as a going concern.

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•We recently broadened the focus of our product development strategy, and there can be no guarantee that these areas of our platform will be successful or profitable.

For a further discussion of risks that could cause or contribute to differences between actual results and those implied by forward-looking statements, see the “Risk Factors” section ofin our Annual Report and ofin this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Novan® is a registered trademark of our company in the United States. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also includes trademarks, trade names and service marks that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q appear without any “™” or “®” symbol, but those

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references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of any applicable licensor, to these trademarks and trade names.

Overview

We are a clinical development-stage biotechnology company focused on leveraging nitric oxide’s naturally occurring anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action and our proprietary nitric oxide-based technology platform, Nitricil, to generate macromolecular ~~new chemical entities, or~~ NCEs to treat a range of diseases with significant unmet needs. Nitric oxide plays a vital role in the natural immune system response against microbial pathogens and is a critical regulator of inflammation. Our ability to harness nitric oxide and its multiple mechanisms of action has enabled us to create a platform with the potential to generate differentiated product candidates.

The two key components of our nitric oxide platform are our proprietary Nitricil technology, which drives the creation of NCEs, and our formulation science, both of which we use to tune our product candidates for specific indications. Our ability to deploy nitric oxide in a solid form, on demand and in localized formulations allows us the potential to improve patient outcomes in a variety of diseases.

We have advanced strategic development programs in the field of dermatology, while also further expanding the platform into infectious ~~diseases,~~disease, companion animal health, men’s and women’s health and gastroenterological, or GI, therapeutic areas. This decision was based on the connection between the multi-factorial pathologies of diseases in these areas and the demonstrable anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties of Novan’s nitric oxide technology. Our vision is to become the world’s leader in nitric oxide-based science, technology, and clinical translation in support of delivering safe and efficacious therapies.

We have clinical-stage dermatology drug candidates with multi-factorial (SB204), anti-viral (SB206), anti-fungal (SB208) and anti-inflammatory (SB414) mechanisms of action. We ~~recently~~have also introduced SB207 as a possible product candidate for additional dermatological anti-viral programs. We have or are ~~also~~currently conducting preclinical work on NCEs, including berdazimer sodium, and formulations for the potential treatment of (i) ~~coronaviral infections,~~coronavirus indications, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes ~~COVID-19;~~COVID-19 (SB019); (ii) antimicrobial indications for the adjacent companion animal health ~~market;~~market (NVN4100); (iii) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ~~or CIN,~~ caused by high-risk human papilloma virus, or HPV, in the men’s and women’s health field (WH504 and WH602); (iv) inflammatory ~~disorders~~disorders; and (v) diseases in the GI field.

We are currently focusing our efforts and resources on our priority development pipeline candidates, which includes our SB206 clinical development program for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum and our preclinical development programs in the areas of infectious disease (Coronaviridae (COVID-19)) and companion animal health.

Business Updates

During the first ~~nine~~three months of ~~2020,~~2021, our primary programmatic focus was on our molluscum contagiosum, or molluscum, (SB206) program, and ~~for the remainder of 2020,~~ we intend to focus our near term clinical-stage development efforts on ~~that~~this program. Following the receipt of ~~verbal and minuted~~ feedback from the Type-C meeting with the FDA on April 1, 2020, we sent the proposed protocol to the FDA, manufactured the clinical trial materials ~~at our facility in Morrisville, North Carolina~~ and began the planning and start-up phase for ~~B-SIMPLE4,~~ a pivotal Phase 3 trial for SB206 as a treatment for ~~molluscum.~~molluscum, or the B-SIMPLE 4 Phase 3 trial. We initiated the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial in August 2020, and the first patient was enrolled and dosed in September 2020. Completion of patient enrollment ~~is targeted for~~occurred during the first quarter of 2021, the last patient Week 12 study treatment visit occurred in late April 2021, and, if the trial is not further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, top-line efficacy results ~~would be~~are targeted ~~for~~before the end of the second quarter of 2021. Depending on the results of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, we are targeting a potential NDA filing of SB206 for molluscum no later than the third quarter of 2022. We are also evaluating potential commercialization strategies for SB206, subject to the results of the B-

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SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, NDA submission timing and the regulatory approval process including, but not limited to, securing a commercialization partner, co-commercializing with a partner, or commercializing on our own.

Further advancement of ~~the~~our molluscum ~~contagiosum~~ (SB206) program beyond the conduct and completion of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, or advancement of any other late-stage clinical program across our platform, ~~is subject to our ability to secure additional capital, and~~ has been and may be further impacted by the COVID-19 ~~pandemic. Additional~~pandemic and is subject to our ability to secure additional capital. Sources of additional capital may potentially include (i) equity or debt financings, including through ~~potential~~ sales under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA; or (ii) non-dilutive sources, such as partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships. Our equity issuances during the year ended December 31, 2020, and the three months ended March 31, 2021, have resulted in significant dilution to our existing stockholders. Any issuance of equity, or debt that could be convertible into equity, would result in further significant dilution to our existing stockholders.

~~On April 20, 2020, we announced that we engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, or H.C. Wainwright, as a strategic~~Working Capital and financial advisor to assist in conducting a comprehensive evaluation of financial and strategic alternatives, intended to maximize stockholder value. Among the strategic and financial alternatives that we have continued to evaluate are strategic transactions and relationships that center on our late-stage assets, our broader dermatology platform and underlying Nitricil technology, as well as evaluating potential sources of financing and other strategic alternatives.Additional Capital Needs

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents balance as of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, and expected contractual payments to be received in connection with existing licensing agreements, will provide us with adequate liquidity to fund our planned operating needs ~~through~~into the ~~fourth~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This operating forecast and related cash projection ~~includes~~includes: (i) costs through the expected completion of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, including supporting activities; (ii) preparatory costs associated with ~~a pivotal Phase 3 trial for SB206 as a treatment for molluscum,~~ the ~~B-SIMPLE4 trial, and~~anticipated continued regulatory progression of SB206; (iii) development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas, including infectious disease (Coronaviridae (COVID-19)) and companion animal health; (iv) conducting drug manufacturing capability transfer activities to external third-party contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, including a drug delivery device technology enhancement project; and (v) certain build-out and manufacturing capability costs related to the infrastructure necessary to support small-scale drug substance and drug product manufacturing at our new corporate headquarters, but excludes any potential costs associated with other late-stage clinical development ~~programs.~~

~~Table~~programs and proceeds from any potential future sales of ~~Contents~~common stock under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

We will need significant additional funding to continue our operating activities and make further advancements in our product development programs beyond ~~those~~what is currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection. Please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of our current liquidity and our future funding needs.

COVID-19 Overview

~~In December 2019,~~While certain COVID-19 vaccines have been approved in recent months and are now available for use in the ~~novel strain of a virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which causes novel coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, was reported~~United States and certain other countries, we are unable to predict how widely utilized the vaccines will be, whether they will be effective in China, and in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. To date, COVID-19 has surfaced in nearly all regions around the world and resulted in federal, state and local governments around the world implementing measures to help controlpreventing the spread of COVID-19 (including its variant strains), and when or if normal economic activity and business operations will resume. Despite increasing availability of vaccines, COVID-19 continues to spread globally and to impact the ~~virus, including quarantines, “shelter~~locations where we do business. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted clinical trials and created significant volatility in ~~place”~~ and ~~“stay at home” orders, travel restrictions or bans,~~disruption of financial markets. The full extent of the pandemic, related business curtailments, school closures, and other protective measures. Such orders, restrictions and recommendations, and the perception that additional orders, restrictions or recommendations could occur, resulted and may result in additional closures of businesses, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, work-from-home policies and travel restrictions ~~among other effects.~~and changes to behavior intended to reduce its spread remain uncertain as the pandemic and the potential impact of variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 continue to evolve globally.

We ~~continue~~have continued to closely monitor and rapidly respond to the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our employees, our community and our business operations. We have worked to continue our critical business functions, including continued operation of our clinical development efforts, and we have adopted a series of precautionary measures and will continue to do so as the circumstances warrant, including increased sanitization of our facilities, use of personal protective equipment and physical distancing practices to help protect our employees’ health and safety as they continue to advance important research related to our product candidates.

The timetable for development of our product candidates has been impacted and may face further disruption and our business could be further adversely affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. In particular, COVID-19 impacted the timing of trial initiation of ~~our~~the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, ~~for SB206,~~ although we enrolled and dosed the first patient in the trial in September ~~2020.~~2020, completed enrollment in the first quarter of 2021 and the last patient Week 12 study treatment visit occurred in late April 2021. We plan to continue to assess any further impact of COVID-19 on the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 ~~trial for SB206, including any potential delay, postponement or other impact to the~~ trial.

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Despite disruptions to our business operations and the business operations of third parties on which we rely, the COVID-19 pandemic has not significantly impacted our operating results and financial condition to date. ~~These items are discussed~~Although it is not possible at this time to estimate the entirety of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had or will have on our business, operations and employees, our CMOs, our contract research organizations, or CROs, our partners, and our collaborators in ~~greater detail later in~~clinical research, any continued spread of COVID-19, measures taken by governments, actions taken to protect employees from the pandemic, and the broad impact of the pandemic on all business activities and financial markets may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition and stock price. Please refer to “Results of Operations” ~~section in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis~~for further discussion of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in this Form 10-Q. At this time, the full extent to which COVID-19 may impact our financial condition or results of operations in the future is uncertain.these items. Due to numerous uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unable to predict the nature and extent of the future impacts that the pandemic will have on our financial condition and operating results. These uncertainties include, among other things, the ultimate severity and duration of the pandemic, including the ~~timing and~~efficacy or availability of a treatment or vaccine for ~~COVID -19;~~COVID-19 or any variant(s) thereof; governmental, business or other actions that have been, or will be, taken in response to the pandemic, including continued restrictions on travel and mobility, business closures and operating restrictions and imposition of social distancing measures; impacts of the pandemic on the conduct of our clinical trials, including with respect to ~~enrollment rates,~~ availability of investigators and clinical trial sites, patients’ ability to complete the necessary visits and clinical trial site operations, and monitoring of clinical trial data; impacts of the pandemic on regulatory authorities; and impacts of the pandemic on the United States and global economies more broadly. For additional information about risks and uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic that may impact our business, our financial condition or our results of operations, see the “Risk Factors” section in ~~this Form 10-Q.~~our Annual Report.

Priority Development Pipeline

SB206, a Topical Anti-viral Treatment for Viral Skin Infections (Molluscum Contagiosum)

We are developing SB206 as a topical anti-viral gel for the treatment of viral skin infections, with a current focus on molluscum contagiosum. Molluscum is a contagious skin infection caused by the ~~molluscipoxvirus. Molluscum~~molluscipoxvirus that affects up to six million people in the United States annually. The greatest incidence is in children aged one to 14 years. The average time to resolution is 13 months, however, 13% of children experience lesions that may not resolve in 24 months. There is no FDA-approved treatment for molluscum. More than half of patients diagnosed with the infection are untreated. The majority of patients in the United States that receive treatment are treated with painful procedures and the remaining are often prescribed products indicated for the treatment of external genital warts.

In 2017, based on our observational learnings from an in-licensed topical nitric oxide technology study showing clinically meaningful complete clearance rates of baseline molluscum lesions, and combined with our SB206 program knowledge, we believed that there was a logical pathway for SB206 development in the molluscum indication. As such, we submitted an

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investigational new drug application, or IND, to the FDA in December 2017 and initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial utilizing SB206 for the treatment of molluscum in the first quarter of 2018. The Phase 2 multi-center, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, ascending dose clinical trial evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of SB206 in 256 patients, ages 2 and above, with molluscum. Patients were treated with one of three concentrations of SB206 or vehicle for up to 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving complete clearance of all molluscum lesions at Week 12. We announced top-line results from this Phase 2 clinical trial in the fourth quarter of 2018. SB206 demonstrated statistically significant results in the clearance of all molluscum lesions at Week 12, with signs of efficacy evident as early as Week 2 with the 12% once-daily dose. The safety and tolerability profiles were favorable overall with no serious adverse events reported, including the most effective dose, SB206 12% once-daily.

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With the full results from this Phase 2 trial available, we held an end-of-Phase 2 (Type B) meeting with the FDA in early March 2019. Based on this meeting, ~~and the written minutes received,~~ we commenced the Phase 3 development program for molluscum, primarily comprised of two pivotal clinical trials, in the second quarter of 2019 with SB206 12% once-daily as the active treatment arm. The “B-SIMPLE” (Berdazimer Sodium In Molluscum Patients with Lesions) Phase 3 ~~pivotal~~ trials consisted of two (B-SIMPLE1 and B-SIMPLE2) multi-center, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SB206 12% once-daily in 707 patients total (2:1 active:vehicle randomization), ages 6 months and above, with molluscum. Patients were treated once-daily with SB206 12% or Vehicle Gel once daily for a minimum of 4 weeks and up to 12 weeks to all treatable lesions (baseline and new). There were visits at Screening/Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and a safety follow-up at Week 24. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving complete clearance of all molluscum lesions at Week 12. Both Phase 3 ~~pivotal~~ trials began dosing patients in June 2019 and completed patient recruitment in August 2019. Top-line efficacy results from the Phase 3 trials were announced in January 2020 with additional efficacy and safety analyses through Week 12 announced in February 2020. SB206 did not achieve statistically significant results in the primary endpoint in either trial, which was the complete clearance of all molluscum lesions at Week 12. In B-SIMPLE2, SB206 was near statistical significance for the primary endpoint (p=0.062), and was statistically significant for the secondary endpoint, the complete clearance of all lesions at Week 8 (p=0.028), and multiple pre-specified sensitivity analyses. We believe this confirms the robustness of the data in the B-SIMPLE2 trial. While the B-SIMPLE1 trial was not statistically significant for the primary endpoint (p=0.375) nor the secondary endpoint (p=0.202), all other pre-specified analyses trended in the same direction of improved treatment effect as the B-SIMPLE2 results.

In addition, the results of a statistical test of heterogeneity support that the two ~~pivotal~~ trials are not different from each other. Across both studies, the primary analysis odds ratio and standard error point estimates were similar and in a consistent direction with overlapping 95% confidence intervals. These statistical results are supported by an integrated analysis of the two ~~pivotal~~ trials, which demonstrated statistically significant complete clearance rate at Week 12 for SB206 (p=0.038). These additional analyses do not change the outcome of either B-SIMPLE trial, and the FDA may disagree with our conclusions from these analyses. P-value is a conventional statistical method for measuring the statistical significance of clinical results. A p-value of less than 0.050 is generally considered to represent statistical significance, meaning that there is a less than five percent likelihood that the observed results occurred by chance.

~~The last subject completed their final visit as part of the ongoing safety evaluation through Week 24 in February 2020 and full~~Full efficacy and safety data, including data from the safety evaluation through Week 24, were available in March 2020. The safety and tolerability profiles were favorable overall with no related serious adverse events reported. Execution of ~~remaining Phase 3 pivotal~~ development program activities for SB206 in molluscum continued in 2020 with the completion of ancillary trials, including human factor studies, occurring during the second quarter of ~~2020.~~2020, and the B-SIMPLE3 study discussed below.

Enrollment was completed in the fourth quarter of 2019 for NI-MC101 (B-SIMPLE3), a Phase 1 open label study assessing the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of SB206 12% under maximal use conditions in the once daily treatment of molluscum. All patients completed visits for B-SIMPLE3 in the first quarter of 2020. In this open label study, 34 patients with molluscum enrolled, 31 (91%) patients completed the pharmacokinetic assessment phase, and 29 patients (85%) went on to continue study participation for the full 12 weeks of treatment. There were no discontinuations of study drug due to treatment related adverse events and there were no reports of serious adverse events. The final study report was completed in the third quarter of 2020.

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Based on the results of the Phase 3 ~~pivotal~~ trials, discussed above, we held a Type C meeting with the FDA on April 1, 2020 seeking feedback on our proposal to conduct one additional, well-controlled pivotal study of SB206 to support a future NDA. Based on feedback, ~~during this meeting and the written minutes received following the meeting,~~ the FDA provided guidance indicating that the FDA would consider one additional pivotal trial, orthe B-SIMPLE4 ~~that,~~Phase 3 trial, which, if successful, can be supported by the previously completed B-SIMPLE2 trial for a future NDA submission. In addition, the FDA provided guidance with regard to both the study design for the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial and expectations for a future NDA submission.

~~Our current~~The B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial ~~design characteristics of B-SIMPLE4 consist~~consists of a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SB206 12% once-daily in ~~approximately 850~~891 total patients (1:1 active:vehicle randomization), ages 6 months and above, with molluscum. Patients ~~will be~~are treated once-daily with SB206 12% or Vehicle Gel for a minimum of 4 weeks and up to 12 weeks to all treatable lesions (baseline and new). There ~~will be~~are visits at Screening/Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and a safety follow-up at Week 24, with the implementation of additional patient and caregiver training and patient engagement efforts and decentralized visit capabilities for conducting those visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary endpoint ~~will be~~is the proportion of patients achieving complete clearance of all treatable molluscum lesions at Week 12.

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We provided the proposed protocol to the FDA and began the planning and start-up phase for the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial in the second quarter of 2020. We initiated the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial in August 2020 and the first patient was enrolled and dosed in September 2020. The trial ~~is currently progressing and we continue to target completion of~~completed patient enrollment during the first quarter of 2021 and ifthe last patient Week 12 study treatment visit occurred in late April 2021. If the trial is not further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, top-line efficacy results ~~would be~~are targeted ~~for~~before the end of the second quarter of 2021.

In ~~April 2020, our Japanese development and commercialization partner,~~2018, we licensed rights to Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., or Sato, to develop, use, and sell SB206 in certain topical dosage forms in Japan for the treatment of viral skin infections, and to manufacture the finished form of SB206 for sale in Japan, which are in addition to the rights granted to Sato related to SB204 for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The significant terms and the related accounting considerations of our licensing arrangement with Sato are further described in “Note 4—Licensing Arrangements” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2020, Sato informed us of its intention to progress the SB206 development program in Japan with a Phase 1 clinical trial given the observed treatment benefit and favorable safety profile in the B-SIMPLE program. In November of 2020, Sato determined its initial Japanese Phase 1 study for SB206 would require an amended design, including potential evaluation of lower dose strengths, to further refine dose tolerability in a subsequent Phase 1 study. Based upon ~~updates received from~~(i) the ~~most recent meeting of the committee that oversees the development activities under our agreement with Sato, Sato continues to evaluate the timing andanticipated progression of a~~need for an additional Phase 1 study; (ii) Sato’s estimated comprehensive developmental schedule for SB206, including additional post-Phase 1 clinical trials; and (iii) current and future Japanese clinical trial material manufacturing and technical transfer considerations, in the fourth quarter of 2020 we concluded that a prospective delay in Sato’s overall SB206 development plan had occurred. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we estimated the program timeline to be extended by 1.75 years from our previous estimate. This estimated timeline remains subject to prospective reassessment and adjustment based upon Sato’s interaction with the Japanese regulatory authorities and other developmental and timing considerations. The details of this development are further described in ~~Japan.~~“Note 5—Revenue Recognition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Infectious Disease, Coronaviridae (COVID-19)

We are exploring the use of our proprietary Nitricil technology to potentially progress a treatment option, likely ~~topical~~through an oral or nasal ~~treatment option~~application, for COVID-19, targeting the reduction of viral shedding and transmission. Nitric oxide has generally demonstrated the ability to inhibit viral replication of viruses within the Coronaviridae family, and we have an extensive body of in vitro and in vivo data demonstrating the efficacy of our proprietary technology for other anti-viral indications.

~~We recently~~In October 2020, we announced positive in vitro results showing the potential efficacy of our Nitricil platform technology, berdazimer sodium ~~(NVN1000,)~~(NVN1000), as an anti-viral against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. To evaluate the ability of our Nitricil platform technology as a potential nasal treatment option for COVID-19, we had initiated in vitro assessments targeting the reduction of viral burden in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells. The studies were conducted at the Institute for Antiviral Research at Utah State University, and these results demonstrate the first instance of an anti-viral effect from a nitric oxide-based medicine in a 3-D tissue model that has similar structure to the human airway epithelium. The results from the in vitro assessment of concentrations as low as 0.75 mg/mL demonstrated that berdazimer sodium reduced 90% of virus after repeat dosing, once daily.

Based on the scientific literature and data available to-date related to berdazimer sodium and SB206, we believe that nitric oxide may inhibit viral replication by disrupting protein function critical for viral replication and infection through generation of reactive intermediates.

~~We are planning to initiate chemistry, manufacturing, and controls, or CMC, work~~In December, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with Catalent, Inc., a leading global ~~leader in providing~~provider of integrated services, ~~superior~~ delivery technologies and manufacturing solutions, relating to ~~develop~~our COVID-19 program. This agreement will include work to support chemistry, manufacturing and control, or CMC, activities and development of an intranasal formulation of berdazimer sodium for use in that program.

For our COVID-19 ~~program. The~~program, our next step is ~~to advance our~~the advancement of this program ~~into~~through preliminary preclinical ~~IND-enabling~~studies. Our preclinical in vivo studies evaluating berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) as a potential nasal therapy for COVID-19 remain ongoing, and we ~~are~~target to report results in the ~~process~~second quarter of ~~finalizing arrangements with a global leader in drug development to assist in our development activities as~~2021. Pending the results of the preclinical studies, we ~~work toward~~anticipate exploring possible strategic partners and filing a potential IND ~~filing targeted~~application with the FDA. In addition, subject to regulatory guidance and obtaining additional financing or strategic partnering, we target initiating human clinical trials in ~~2021. We are also exploring~~ the ~~potential for federal grants to support these efforts.~~second half of 2021.

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Companion Animal Health

We have initiated exploratory work to evaluate our new chemical entity, NVN4100, as a potential product candidate for antimicrobial indications in companion animal health. We are progressing efforts for initial formulation development, in vitro and in vivo studies to assess viability, and have engaged animal health experts to assess ~~technical feasibility and~~ market potential. WePending results of this exploratory assessment, which we are targeting by the end of the second quarter of 2021, we currently intend to seek a potential strategic partner or collaborator to advance development in this ~~area following initial proof-of-concept work.~~area.

Pipeline Expansion Opportunities

SB204, for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

SB204 is a product candidate designed as a once-daily, topical monotherapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris, a multi-factorial disease with multiple aspects of the disease pathology (anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial). In the second quarter of 2018, we conducted a Type C meeting to further discuss the path forward for our SB204 product candidate and possible Phase 3 programs for the treatment of acne vulgaris with the FDA, ~~and~~as well as the potential for proceeding with a more narrowly defined patient segmentation. In that meeting, our focus ~~was~~ centered specifically on the severe patient population. In the third quarter of 2018, the FDA provided feedback ~~in their minutes~~ on two paths forward for the acne indication, confirming the need for one additional pivotal trial for moderate-to-severe acne patients prior to a NDA submission or, as an alternative, additional preliminary trials for a severe-only patient population.

Following receipt of FDA feedback, ~~via written minutes,~~ we have determined that the most pragmatic development pathway for us will be to conduct one additional pivotal Phase 3 trial in moderate-to-severe acne patients. We have completed our clinical development plan for this additional trial, and further advancement of this program is subject to obtaining additional financing or strategic partnering.

In January 2017, we licensed rights to Sato to develop, use, and sell SB204 in certain topical dosage forms in Japan for the treatment of acne vulgaris, and to manufacture the finished form of SB204 for sale in Japan. The significant terms and the related accounting considerations of our licensing arrangement with Sato are further described in “Note 4—Licensing Arrangements” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. For further information regarding the current status of the Japanese SB204 program see “Note 5—Revenue Recognition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

SB208, for the Treatment of Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis) and Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis)

SB208 is a product candidate designed as a topical broad-spectrum anti-fungal gel for the potential treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails, including athlete’s foot (tinea pedis) and fungal nail infections (onychomycosis). Studies suggest that both the nail plate, interdigital space and surrounding cutaneous tissue may serve as an overlooked reservoir of dermatophytes, perpetuating reinfection and coinfection of tinea pedis and onychomycosis. Additionally, studies have demonstrated enhanced efficacy when tinea pedis and onychomycosis are treated concurrently, suggesting that an effective topical treatment, suitable for simultaneous application to the nail plate and skin, may lead to lower rates of recurrence and enhanced efficacy.

We conducted a Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of tinea pedis and announced top-line results in the second quarter of 2017. SB208 demonstrated a statistically significant effect compared to vehicle in (i) the primary endpoint of achieving negative fungal culture at day 1414; and (ii) the secondary endpoint of achieving mycological cure at day 14 (mycological cure is defined by having a negative laboratory culture and negative fungal clinical diagnosis). At the end of a 4-week post treatment follow-up period, mycological cure was maintained at day 42 in both dose groups.

We conducted a Phase 1, single-center, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial in 32 adult females to evaluate the rate of fingernail growth associated with SB208 16% and the local tolerability of the gel when used over the course of 29 days. SB208 16% demonstrated a statistically significant greater mean daily nail growth rate for the treatment period when compared to the same patient’s own growth rate in the run-in period and was well tolerated by patients.

The SB208 program is currently on hold with further advancement subject to obtaining additional financing or strategic partnering.

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SB414, for the Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, including Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

SB414 is a product candidate designed as a topical cream-based gel for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, with a focus on the treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. In 2018, we completed two complementary Phase 1b clinical trials with SB414 in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The design of these complementary trials was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of SB414. The trials were also designed to assess overall and specific target engagement through a reduction of key inflammatory biomarkers, also known as pharmacodynamic assessment.

Atopic Dermatitis

We initiated a Phase 1b trial with SB414 in adults with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis in December 2017. In the Phase 1b trial, 48 adults with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis with up to 30% body surface area at baseline, were randomized to receive one of 2% SB414 cream, 6% SB414 cream, or vehicle, twice daily for two weeks. In the complementary Phase 1b trial for mild-to-moderate chronic plaque psoriasis, 36 adults received SB414 6% cream or vehicle twice daily for four weeks.

We received and analyzed the preliminary top line results from the Phase 1b clinical trials during the second and third quarters of 2018. In the atopic dermatitis trial, biomarkers from the Th2, Th17 and Th22 inflammatory pathways known to be highly relevant and indicative of atopic dermatitis, including Interleukin-13, or IL-13, IL-4R, IL-5, IL-17A and IL-22, were downregulated after two weeks of treatment with SB414 2%. The changes in Th2 and Th22 biomarkers and clinical efficacy assessed as the percent change in Eczema Area Severity Index scores were highly correlated in the SB414 2% group.

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Additionally, the proportion of patients achieving a greater than or equal to 3-point improvement on the pruritus (itch) numeric rating scale after two weeks of treatment was greater for patients treated with SB414 2% compared to patients treated with vehicle.

The 2% or 6% doses of SB414 in the trial did not result in any serious adverse events, and SB414 2% was more tolerable with no patients discontinuing treatment in the trial due to application site reactions. SB414 at the 6% dose was not consistently effective in reducing biomarkers across both the atopic dermatitis and psoriasis trials. This lack of consistent biomarker movement could potentially be explained by the increased irritation score experienced by patients treated with SB414 6%. Additionally, SB414 6% showed detectable systemic exposure in a subset of patients, which cleared in nearly all affected patients within 12 hours, in both the atopic dermatitis and psoriasis trials. Given the successful downregulation of key biomarkers, favorable tolerability and lack of systemic exposure with SB414 2%, we conducted non-clinical studies and completed our Phase 2 clinical development plan during 2019 to support a potential future Phase 2 clinical program launch. The SB414 program is currently on hold with further advancement subject to obtaining additional financing or strategic partnering.

Psoriasis

We initiated clinical development of SB414, our first use of our nitric oxide platform in the field of immunology by dosing the first patient in October 2017 in a Phase 1b clinical trial to evaluate SB414 in a cream for the treatment of psoriasis. Earlier in 2017, we presented mechanistic evidence for SB414, demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in composite psoriasis scores and an inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F in an animal model.

In the Phase 1b trial for mild-to-moderate chronic plaque psoriasis, 36 adults received SB414 6% cream or vehicle twice daily for four weeks. We received and analyzed the preliminary top line results from this Phase 1b clinical trial during the second and third quarters of 2018. SB414 at the 6% dose did not result in any serious adverse events, but SB414 at the 6% dose was not consistently effective in reducing biomarkers across the trial. This lack of consistent biomarker movement could potentially be explained by the increased irritation score experienced by patients treated with SB414 6%. Additionally, SB414 6% showed detectable systemic exposure in a subset of patients, which cleared in nearly all affected patients within 12 hours. Based on the results of the Phase 1b trial in psoriasis, we will potentially explore the use of lower doses of SB414 in psoriasis, subject to obtaining additional financing or strategic partnering.

SB207, for the Treatment of External Genital Warts

Genital warts are among the world’s most common sexually transmitted diseases. We have previously evaluated SB206’s anti-viral activity in a ~~Topical Anti-viral Product Candidate~~Phase 2 randomized, double-blinded, vehicle-controlled clinical trial in 107 patients with genital warts caused by HPV. We announced top-line results from this Phase 2 clinical trial in the fourth quarter of 2016. SB206 demonstrated statistically significant results in the clearance of external genital and perianal warts. Once-daily treatment arms were generally well-tolerated, including the most effective dose, SB206 12% once-daily. With the full results from this Phase 2 trial made available, a Type B meeting was held with the FDA in the second quarter of 2017 with minutes received shortly thereafter.

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In response to our identification of targeted viral opportunities of high unmet need where we believe our nitric oxide releasing technology could provide clinical benefit to patients, we developed SB207, a new anti-viral product ~~candidate.~~candidate for the treatment of external genital warts. The SB207 product candidate incorporates our existing drug substance, berdazimer sodium (NVN1000), ~~with~~including the nitric oxide release profile of SB206, in a new formulation specifically ~~engineered~~tailored for ~~a number of anti-viral programs. In~~external genital warts. Following the FDA’s December 2019 ~~we received written responses in response to~~feedback from a pre-IND meeting request with the FDA, ~~and, based on such FDA responses,~~we have determined that further advancement of SB207 is subject to further evaluation of clinical plans and ~~securing~~developmental timelines, as well as obtaining additional financing or strategic partnering.

Advancement in Men’s and Women’s Health

In February 2020, following the successful progression of a Phase 1 grant received in August 2019, we were awarded a Phase 2 federal grant of approximately $1.0 million from the National Institute of Health, or NIH, that will enable the conduct of IND-enabling toxicology and pharmacology studies and other preclinical activity of a nitric oxide containing intravaginal gel (WH602) designed to treat high-risk HPV infections that can lead to CIN. ~~We may be eligible to receive an~~In March 2021, we were awarded additional ~~$0.5~~funding of $0.1 million ~~in funding~~ as part of this Phase 2 ~~grant, subject to availability of NIH funds and satisfactory progress of the project during the initial 12-month term.~~grant. Under the terms of the aforementioned NIH grant, we are entitled to receive the grant funds in the form of periodic reimbursements of our allowable direct expenses, allocated overhead, general and administrative expenses and payment of other specified amounts.

This product candidate, in addition to a non-gel formulation product candidate (WH504) supported by a federal grant from the U.S. Department of Defense’s, or DoD, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, or CDMRP, currently in development, together represent the core of our Men’s and Women’s Health business unit. This unit has continued to be supported through a collaboration with Health Decisions, Inc., or Health Decisions.

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Advancement in GI Disorders

In January 2019, we announced the addition of GI diseases as a therapeutic focus area as part of our overall science and business strategy. This decision was based on the connection between the multi-factorial pathologies of GI diseases and the demonstrable anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties of Novan’s nitric oxide technology. Nitric oxide produced in the GI tract regulates many of its functions including the secretion of mucous for protection against physical, chemical, and microbial injury, perfusion of blood through the GI tissue, mitigation of white blood cell adherence to GI tissue to protect from injury and the healing and repair of ulcers. We believe that our initial expansion into GI will require minimal investment due to our ability to leverage current technology, experience and assets.

In the fourth quarter of 2019, we received results from our ~~contract research organization, or~~ CRO partner demonstrating statistically significant improvements in disease activity (i.e., reduced disease activity index scores) with berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) as compared to vehicle in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis mouse model. We intend to generate additional data through preclinical activity, focused on efficacy and mechanisms of action, while also performing additional work to advance oral formulation development upon securing funding.

~~Business Updates~~

~~Purchase Agreements~~Manufacturing and ~~Registration Rights Agreements with Aspire Capital~~

~~July 2020 Aspire CSPA~~

On July 21, 2020, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital, or the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $30.0 million of shares of our common stock at our request from time to time during the 30-month term of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. Upon execution of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, we agreed to sell to Aspire Capital 5,555,555 shares of common stock at $0.90 per share for proceeds of $5.0 million. The July 2020 Aspire CSPA replaced the prior common stock purchase agreement, dated as of June 15, 2020, between us and Aspire Capital, or the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, which was terminated under the terms of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

Concurrently with entering into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, we also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which we agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, registering the sale of the shares of our common stock that have been and may be issued to Aspire Capital under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. On July 23, 2020, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, a prospectus supplement to our effective shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236583) registering all of the shares of common stock that may be offered to Aspire Capital from time to time pursuant to the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

The July 2020 Aspire CSPA has substantially similar terms to the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. There are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, and we control the timing and amount of sales of our common stock to Aspire Capital. Aspire Capital has no right to require any sales by us, but is obligated to make purchases from us as we may direct in accordance with the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. There are no limitations on use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financing transactions, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. The July 2020 Aspire CSPA may be terminated by us at any time, at our discretion, without any penalty or additional cost to us. Any proceeds we receive under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA are expected to be used for the advancement of our research and development programs and for general corporate purposes, capital expenditures and working capital. As of September 30, 2020, we have sold 13,092,464 shares of common stock at an average price of $0.74 per share under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, and there was $20.4 million of remaining availability for sales of common stock under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

~~Please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.~~

~~June 2020 Aspire CSPA~~

On June 15, 2020, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital, or the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, which provided that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $20.0 million of shares of our common stock at our request from time to time during the 30-month term of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. The June 2020 Aspire CSPA replaced the prior common stock purchase agreement, dated as of August 30, 2019, between us and Aspire Capital, which was terminated under the terms of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.

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Concurrently with entering into the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, we also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which we agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, registering the sale of the shares of our common stock that have been issued to Aspire Capital under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. On June 17, 2020, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, a prospectus supplement to our effective shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236583) registering all of the shares of common stock that were issued to Aspire Capital pursuant to the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.

As of September 30, 2020, we sold 37,764,280 shares of common stock at an average price of $0.53 per share under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, and there was no remaining availability for sales of common stock under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, which was fully utilized prior to entry into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA noted above. Please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.

~~March 2020 Registered Direct Offering~~

On March 24, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with several institutional and accredited investors, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue in a registered direct offering priced at-the-market under Nasdaq rules, an aggregate of 10,550,000 shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase 8,054,652 shares of common stock. The March 2020 Registered Direct Offering closed on March 26, 2020. At closing, we also issued to H.C. Wainwright, as placement agent, warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 558,140 shares of common stock representing 3.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock and shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants sold in this offering.

~~Net proceeds from the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering were approximately $7.2 million after deducting the fees and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $0.8 million.~~

~~March 2020 Public Offering~~

On February 27, 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright relating to the offering, issuance and sale of 14,000,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,333,334 shares of common stock, and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 18,333,334 shares of common stock. We also granted H.C. Wainwright, as underwriter, a 30-day option to purchase up to 2,750,000 additional shares of common stock and/or common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,750,000 shares of common stock, which H.C. Wainwright partially exercised on March 2, 2020 to purchase 1,498,602 shares of common stock and common warrants to purchase 2,750,000 shares of common stock. The March 2020 Public Offering closed on March 3, 2020. At closing, we also issued to designees of H.C. Wainwright, as underwriter, warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 594,958 shares of common stock representing 3.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold and shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants sold in this offering.

Net proceeds from the March 2020 Public Offering were approximately $5.2 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $0.8 million. As of September 30, 2020, 18,459,167 common warrants issued as part of the March 2020 Public Offering have been exercised for an additional $5.5 million of proceeds associated with this offering.

~~Drug Substance and Drug Product Arrangements; Operational Actions~~Supplies

We have ~~worked to progress relationships~~adopted a strategy of engaging with ~~third-party manufacturers, which are integral to the advancement of our dermatological platform, including our SB206 molluscum program, by us or~~third parties through partnerships, collaborations, licensing or other strategic ~~relationships. This strategy~~relationships that includes an increased utilization of and reliance upon third-party vendors and strategic partners for the performance of activities, processes and services that (i) do not result in the generation of significant new intellectual property; and (ii) can leverage their existing robust infrastructure, systems and facilities as well as associated subject matter expertise. A parallel and inter-related strategic objective has been to reduce our own internal resources ~~large scale~~connected with our former large-scale manufacturing ~~facilities,~~facility and our infrastructure capabilities that ~~have~~ historically performed such activities, processes and services.

Drug Substance

In June 2019, we established an operating and business relationship with a third-party full-scale API manufacturer, with the goal being for this third-party API manufacturer to become the primary external supplier of our proprietary berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) drug substance. We executed a master contract manufacturing agreement, which included the process and analytical method transfer necessary to advance the production of our drug substance for future clinical trials and potentially for commercial purposes on a global basis if any of our product candidates are approved.

Based on the results of the B-SIMPLE1 and B-SIMPLE2 clinical trials in January 2020, during the first quarter of 2020, at our request, this third-party API manufacturer reduced certain near-term activities and extended certain timelines in an effort to

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reduce our near-term cash utilization at that time. We resumed technical transfer efforts with this API manufacturer in April 2020.

Through January 2021, we remained engaged in technical transfer efforts with this third-party API manufacturer. However, in February 2021, based on progress to date, including timing considerations relating to anticipated top-line results for the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, we terminated our existing work orders related to technical transfer activities with this third-party API manufacturer. While the master services agreement remains in place with this third-party API manufacturer for potential longer term needs, we are in active discussions with other third-party full-scale API manufacturers with the goal of identifying and designating a partner to become the primary third-party external supplier of our proprietary berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) drug substance. Upon completion of the required technology transfer, we intend for this new third-party API manufacturer to be able to manufacture berdazimer sodium in compliance with established manufacturing processes, applicable regulatory guidelines and as appropriate for potential large-scale commercial quantities.

Internal Capability

We manufactured the API necessary for the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial using the internal manufacturing capabilities at our former facility, and we believe we have sufficient quantities to complete the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial. In addition, we currently have an inventory of API that we believe will allow us to continue certain preclinical and/or developmental activities.

With the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial top-line efficacy results targeted before the end of the second quarter of 2021, depending on the results of the trial, we are targeting a potential NDA filing of SB206 for molluscum no later than the third quarter of 2022. Therefore, in order to provide flexibility with regard to manufacturing the API necessary to enable the SB206 NDA submission on our targeted timeline, we are preparing our new facility to have the infrastructure necessary to produce cGMP API registration batches, among other manufacturing capabilities. We are in the process of building out our new facility, which we expect to complete in the second half of 2021, to support various research and development and cGMP activities, including small-scale manufacturing capabilities for API and drug product. The anticipated additional capabilities include the infrastructure necessary to support small-scale drug substance registration batch manufacturing, the ability to act as a supportive, or potentially primary, component of, or as a back up to, elements of a potential future commercial supply chain, and the ability to produce limited quantities of clinical trial materials. We believe the new facility, once constructed, will have the capability to support a potential NDA submission for SB206 and potential commercial launch quantities of API for SB206. The results of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial and the timing of our efforts to have a third-party full-scale API manufacturer ready for production are expected to inform our future decisions on the expected duration and utilization level of the capabilities of our new facility.

We expect to continue to work toward completion of technical transfer activities with a third-party full-scale API manufacturer to provide the API needed for commercial supply of drug substance, if any of our product candidates are approved. We believe this strategy of increasing utilization of and reliance upon third-party vendors and strategic partners for the performance of activities, processes and services can ultimately provide enhanced capabilities and operating efficiencies for us or any of our potential partnerships, collaborations, licensing or other strategic relationships. At the same time, we are attempting to balance the need to have internal capabilities to allow flexibility for the progression of our product development programs on our targeted timelines.

Drug Product

On October 15, 2018, we established a strategic alliance with Orion Corporation, or Orion, a Finnish full-scale pharmaceutical company with broad experience in drug manufacturing. The alliance enables Orion to manufacture our topical nitric oxide-releasing product candidates on our behalf and on the behalf of our global strategic partners. We have executed a master contract manufacturing agreement to enable technology transfer and manufacturing of clinical trial materials for future clinical trials with our topical product candidates. We are engaged in the transfer of technology for the manufacture of both SB204 and SB206, and, upon ~~its~~

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completion, we intend for Orion to be able to manufacture the drug product, or the finished dosage form of the gel, in accordance with our established manufacturing processes, in compliance with applicable regulatory guidelines and as appropriate for clinical trials. A completed manufacturing technology transfer to Orion will enable the manufacture of multiple assets for supply of clinical trial materials and, potentially, commercial ~~quantities.~~quantities if any of our product candidates are approved. Importantly, this alliance is being structured to support major global markets in which we and our partners pursue regulatory approvals for our product ~~candidates~~candidates.

Based on the results of the B-SIMPLE1 and ~~complements our present internal capability.~~

In June 2019, we established an operating and business relationship with a full-scale API manufacturer, with the goal for this manufacturer to become the primary external supplier of our proprietary berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) drug substance. We have executed a master contract manufacturing agreement, which includes the process and analytical method transfer necessary to advance the production of our berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) drug substance for futureB-SIMPLE2 clinical trials ~~and importantly, upon approval of any of our drug product candidates, for commercial purposes on a global basis. We are engaged~~ in the process of transferring the NVN1000 manufacturing technology. We were able to manufacture the API necessary for our B-SIMPLE4 trial for SB206 through our internal manufacturing capabilities and believe we have sufficient quantities to complete our B-SIMPLE4 trial. Upon completion of the required technology transfer, we intend for this API manufacturer and/or another third-party API manufacturer to be able to manufacture NVN1000 in accordance with our established manufacturing processes, in compliance with applicable regulatory guidelines, as appropriate for clinical trials.

We believe this broad strategy of increasing utilization of and reliance upon third-party vendors and strategic partners for the performance of activities, processes and services can ultimately provide enhanced capabilities and operating efficiencies for us or any potential partnerships, collaborations, licensing or other strategic relationships we may enter. At our request,January 2020, during the first quarter of 2020, ~~the third-party manufacturers~~at our request, Orion reduced certain near-term activities and extended certain timelines in an effort to reduce our near-term cash ~~utilization.~~

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utilization at that time. We resumed technical transfer efforts with ~~the API manufacturer in April 2020 and resumed activities at~~ Orion during the third quarter of 2020. We ~~expect~~will continue to ~~incur certain incremental~~work toward completion of technical transfer activities to provide commercial supply of drug product, if any of our product candidates are approved and ~~discrete costs to effect this strategy, including our ongoing efforts to complete~~preparing the ~~required technology transfer~~necessary regulatory registration batches of ~~manufacturing processes and analytical methods~~drug product for ~~API development and commercial manufacturing under cGMP guidelines and regulations, and upon resumption~~the potential NDA filing of ~~certain of the manufacturers’ transfer and potential production activities.~~SB206 for molluscum.

As we ~~increase our reliance upon third-party vendors and strategic partners pursuant to the aforementioned strategy,~~move forward with these initiatives, we have continued to take corresponding steps to reduce or realign our own internal resources, facilities, and infrastructure capabilities. These corresponding steps have continued and we expect will continue to result in certain incremental and discrete costs.

As part of our strategic objective to reduce our own internal resources, facilities, and infrastructure capabilities, we took actions in February 2020 that reduced our internal resources, including personnel headcount. As a part of this action, we have reduced personnel headcount from a total of 42 employees as of December 31, 2019 to a total of 24 full-time and 2 part-time employees as of September 30, 2020. In addition, in July of 2020, we (i) entered into a lease termination agreement with our landlord which provided for the early termination of the lease for the 51,350 square foot facility that we leased for our corporate headquarters and sole research, development and manufacturing facility, and (ii) entered into a sublease agreement effective July 16, 2020, whereby we will sublease approximately 12,000 square feet (which was reduced to approximately 10,000 square feet after August 31, 2020) in the building that was covered by our original lease, all as described further below in “Corporate Updates—Primary Facility Lease Transaction”.

We will need significant additional funding to continue our operating activities, including these technical transfer projects, potential utilization and development of internal capabilities and cost structure changes, and to make further advancements in our product development programs beyond what is currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection, as described below in “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

Corporate Updates

~~Primary~~Triangle Business Center Facility Lease ~~Transaction~~

~~As part of our broader strategic plan to shift our operating cost structure characteristics from fixed to variable and to reduce or offset our remaining fixed lease obligation,~~On January 18, 2021, we entered into a lease termination agreement with our former landlord on July 16, 2020, which provided for the early termination of the lease for the 51,350 square foot facility that we leased for our corporate headquarters and sole research, development and manufacturing facility. The lease was scheduled to expire in 2026, andLease dated as of ~~June 30,~~January 18, 2021, as amended as of March 18, 2021, or the TBC Lease, by and between us and Copper II 2020, ~~we had approximately $7.9 million in remaining minimum lease payments under the lease agreement. The lease was terminated in connection with our landlord entering into a lease with a new tenant,~~LLC, pursuant to which ~~commenced on July 16, 2020.~~

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~~In connection with the termination of the lease with our landlord, we entered into a sublease agreement effective July 16, 2020, whereby~~ we will ~~sublease from the new tenant approximately 12,000~~lease 15,623 rentable square feet (which was reduced to approximately 10,000 square feet after August 31, 2020) in the building that was covered by our original lease. The sublease will expire on March 31, 2021, if not earlier terminated, and we are able to terminate the sublease, in part or in whole, upon 30 days’ written notice with no penalty.

We currently expect to operate our corporate headquarters, research and development laboratories and pilot scale cGMP manufacturing activities within the facility pursuant to the sublease, however we decommissioned the areas within the facility, as well as the associated equipment, that supported our large scale cGMP drug manufacturing capability in preparation for execution of the lease termination agreement.

We incurred certain costs in connection with the termination of our lease, including (i) lease termination costs of approximately $0.6 million payable to the landlord pursuant to the lease termination agreement, (ii) broker commissions of approximately $0.4 million and (iii) facility decommissioning and environmental remediation costs of approximately $0.3 million. These costs resulted in approximately $1.3 million in cash expenditures, of which approximately $0.8 million was paid from our existing cash and cash equivalents and approximately $0.5 million was remitted through the security deposit that had been classified as restricted cash on our balance sheets. As a partial offset to these cash expenditures, we received approximately $0.3 million from the new tenant pursuant to a bill of sale executed in conjunction with the termination agreement and sublease. All of the decommissioning activities described herein were completed prior to the end of the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020.

The costs described above do not include non-cash impairment losses totaling $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, which we recognized following an evaluation of all our long-lived assets for potential held for sale classification and an impairment assessment of our remaining long-lived assets classified as held and used. This evaluation and assessment was triggered by the previously described decommissioning of our large scale drug manufacturing capability and by the planned lease termination transaction that was executed in July 2020. Following the recognition of the aforementioned impairment charges during the second quarter of 2020, the resulting carrying values of the affected long-lived assets are representative of their fair value to a market participant for their highest and best use, as required under the FASB ASC 820 fair value model. We incurred an additional loss during the three months ended September 30, 2020 of $1.8 million related to the disposal of the asset group containing the right of use lease asset and other property affixed to the facility, as well as the associated right of use lease liability, in connection with the occurrence of the July 2020 lease termination transaction. This loss on lease termination was based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated with the July 2020 lease termination transaction, rather than the market participant valuation model that was required to be used during the impairment assessment conducted during the second quarter of 2020.

Further, we are exploring other facilities within the Research Triangle area in North Carolina to support our operations going forward upon the March 2021 expiration or earlier termination of the sublease described above. Suchlocated at a new location, ~~which we are targeting to be approximately~~or the ~~same square footage as our existing sublet space, would~~Premises. The Premises will serve as our new corporate ~~headquarters and support our research and development laboratories and pilot scale cGMP manufacturing capabilities.~~

headquarters. We ~~have engaged a commercial real estate broker and continue to evaluate new locations. As we continue to consider potential new locations, we~~ are ~~evaluating a variety of designs and related capabilities for~~building out the ~~pilot scale cGMP site. These evaluations include the ability~~Premises to support various cGMP activities, including research and development ~~clinical trial material production~~ and ~~possibly~~small-scale manufacturing capabilities. These capabilities include the infrastructure necessary to support small-scale drug substance manufacturing and the ability to act as a ~~supportive~~ component of, ~~the~~or as a back up to, elements of a potential future commercial supply chain. See Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a further discussion of the terms of the TBC Lease.

Board of Directors

On March 1, 2021, our board of directors voted to increase the size of our board from seven to eight directors and elected Steven D. Skolsky to our board of directors to fill the resulting vacancy, effective immediately, and to serve as a Class I director until our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. Mr. Skolsky has also been appointed to serve as a member of the Audit Committee. We ~~expect to incur certain incremental~~believe that Mr. Skolsky’s significant experience and ~~discrete costs as we upfit~~leadership in the biotechnology and ~~then operate~~pharmaceutical industries with a ~~facility that meets such capability requirements.~~focus on drug development, commercialization and operations strengthens our board.

Strategic ~~Advisor~~Alternative Analysis

In April 2020, we announced that we had engaged H.C. Wainwright to assist us in evaluating a range of strategic and financial alternatives, intended to maximize stockholder value. This arrangement expired in March 2021. The scope of the review isconducted with H.C. Wainwright was comprehensive and ~~includes~~included evaluation of strategic and financial alternatives that ~~can be~~could have been utilized to advance SB206 for molluscum, the remainder of ~~the~~our dermatology platform, including but not limited to SB204 for acne vulgaris and ~~the~~SB414 for inflammatory skin diseases, and our business as a whole. We have not stated a definitive timeline for completion of this process, and there can be no assurance that this process will result in us pursuing any strategic or financial alternatives, or that pursuit of a strategic of financial alternative, if any, would be completed successfully or at all. We do not intend to discuss or disclose developments with respect to this process until the evaluation process has been completed, or our board of directors has concluded that disclosure is appropriate or required.

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We believe that our clinical and preclinical data, technology platform and market potential provide for a range of opportunities in order to maximize stockholder value.

~~Nasdaq Listing Matters~~

As ~~previously disclosed, on February 19, 2020,~~such, from time to time we ~~received written notice from~~may seek to engage in one or more potential transactions, such as the ~~staff~~sale of the ~~Listing Qualifications Department~~Company, or sale, divestiture or licensing of The Nasdaq Stock Market, or Nasdaq, indicating that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) because the closing bid price for our common stock had closed below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days, or the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

On April 17, 2020, we received a letter from Nasdaq indicating that, due to extraordinary market conditions, Nasdaq tolled the compliance period for the Minimum Bid Price Requirement through June 30, 2020, or the tolling period, and that on April 16, 2020, Nasdaq filed an immediately effective rule change with the SEC to implement the tolling period. The new notice indicated that upon expiration of the tolling period and beginning on July 1, 2020, we will receive the balance of days remaining under its currently pending compliance period in effect at the rule change date. Accordingly, we have 123 calendar days from July 1, 2020, or until November 2, 2020, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid pricesome of our ~~common stock must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for~~assets, such as a ~~minimum of 10 consecutive business days prior to November 2, 2020.~~

If we are unable to regain compliance by November 2, 2020, we may be eligible to transfer to the Nasdaq Capital Market and apply for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period to demonstrate compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. To qualify, we will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and will need to provide written notice to Nasdaqsale of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. If we do not qualify for the second compliance period or fail to regain compliance during the second 180 calendar day period, Nasdaq will notify us of its determination to delist the Common Stock, at which point we would have an opportunity to appeal the delisting determination to a Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel, or the Panel,dermatology platform assets, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into or complete such a transaction or transactions on a timely basis or at all or on terms that are favorable to us.

2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

On May 4, 2021, we held our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or the ~~Panel would grant~~Annual Meeting.

At the Annual Meeting, our ~~request for continued listing.~~

~~As also previously disclosed, on February 19, 2020 we received notice from~~stockholders approved an amendment to the ~~staff~~2016 Plan to increase the aggregate number of ~~Nasdaq notifying us that, for the previous 30 consecutive business days, the market value~~shares of our ~~listed securities had been below~~common stock authorized for issuance thereunder by 15,000,000 shares. This amendment was approved by our board of directors on March 10, 2021. The approval by our stockholders of this proposal is contingent and will be effective upon the ~~minimum $50.0 million requirement for continued inclusion on~~earlier to occur of (i) the ~~Nasdaq Global Market~~effective time of a certificate of amendment to our certificate of incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in relation to a potential reverse stock split pursuant to ~~Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A),~~the authority previously granted to our board of directors by our stockholders at the 2020 Annual Meeting, or the MVLS Requirement. We were provided until August 16, 2020 to regain compliance with the MVLS Requirement. On July 9, 2020 we received notification from Nasdaq that we had regained compliance with the MVLS Requirement.

~~Paycheck Protection Program~~

~~On April 22, 2020, we entered into a promissory note, which was subsequently amended, or the Note, for~~(ii) an ~~unsecured loan~~earlier time as determined by our board of directors in the amount of approximately $1.0 million, or the Loan, under the Paycheck Protection Program, or the PPP. The PPP was established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, and is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration, or the SBA. The Loan was made through PNC Bank, National Association.

~~See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further information regarding the Loan, the Note, the CARES Act and the PPP.~~its sole discretion.

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~~Board~~Our stockholders did not approve the proposal to amend our restated certificate of ~~Directors~~

~~On September 23, 2020, our board of directors voted~~incorporation to increase the ~~size~~total number of authorized shares of our ~~board of directors~~common stock from ~~six~~200,000,000 to seven directors and appointed James L. Bierman to our board of directors to fill the resulting vacancy, effective immediately, and to serve as a Class II director until our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. Mr. Bierman was also appointed to serve as a member of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. We believe that Mr. Bierman strengthens our board of directors by contributing his extensive strategic financial expertise, including in the areas of financial and operational strategies, mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances, enterprise risk management and investor relations.

On July 28, 2020, Paula Brown Stafford, our President and Chief Executive Officer, was appointed as Chairman of our board of directors. Concurrently, Robert Ingram retired as Executive Chairman although he will continue to serve as a member of our board of directors. These changes were effective as of July 28, 2020. W. Kent Geer will continue to act as Lead Independent Director on our board of directors, with significant responsibilities that are described in our Corporate Governance Guidelines.

~~Chief Financial Officer~~

On September 23, 2020, John M. Gay was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer after previously serving as our Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller. Mr. Gay will continue to serve as our Secretary and principal financial officer. We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Gay, or the Employment Agreement, in connection with his appointment as our Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Gay receives an annual base salary of $315,000 and is entitled to reimbursement of certain expenses. The Employment Agreement also provides Mr. Gay with severance payments in the event of termination of his employment pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement and eligibility to participate in our incentive award plans and our standard benefit plans.250,000,000 shares.

Financial Overview

Since our ~~inception~~incorporation in 2006, we have devoted substantially all of our efforts to developing our nitric oxide platform technology and resulting product candidates, including conducting preclinical and clinical trials and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We conduct these activities in a single operating segment. ~~We have not generated any revenue from product sales and, to~~To date, ~~have funded our operations through a variety of sources described in further detail within the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section below. From inception through September 30, 2020,~~ we have ~~raised total~~focused our funding activities primarily on equity and debt proceeds of $235.8 million to fund our operations, including (i) $5.2 million in net proceeds from the sale of common stock (or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof) and accompanying common warrants in the March 2020 Public Offering, (ii) $7.2 million in net proceeds from the sale of common stock (or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof) in the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering, (iii) an additional $5.5 million of proceeds associated with exercises through September 30, 2020 of common warrants issued as part of the March 2020 Public Offering, and (iv) $32.7 million in proceeds from the sale of common stock under our August 2019, June 2020 and July 2020 common stock purchase agreements with Aspire Capital. In addition, through September 30, 2020, we have also generatedfinancings, while generating additional liquidity and capital through other sources, ~~including: (i) governmental research contracts and grants totaling $12.7 million; (ii) our~~including payments received from licensing and supply arrangements, ~~with Sato, totaling $24.2 million;~~strategic arrangements and (iii) $25.0 million and $12.0 million in proceeds from two funding transactions during the second quarter of 2019 with Reedy Creek Investments LLC, or Reedy Creek, and Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, or Ligand, respectively.government research contracts.

We have never generated revenue from product sales and have incurred net losses in each year since ~~inception.~~our incorporation. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of ~~$242.6 million.~~$258.2 million, and there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We incurred net losses of ~~$8.4~~$9.0 million and ~~$22.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $9.5 million and $24.4~~$6.2 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We expect to continue to incur substantial losses in the future as we conduct our planned operating activities. We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales unless and until we obtain regulatory approval from the FDA for our clinical-stage product candidates. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we and/or our commercial partners would expect to incur significant expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents balance as of September 30, 2020, plus expected contractual payments to be received in connection with existing licensing agreements, will provide us with adequate liquidity to fund our operating needs through the fourth quarter of 2021. This operating forecast and related cash projection includes the expected costs associated with a pivotal Phase 3 trial for SB206 as a treatment for molluscum, the B-SIMPLE4 trial, and development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas, but excludes any potential costs associated with other late-stage clinical development programs. Further advancement of the molluscum contagiosum (SB206) program beyond the conduct and completion of the B-SIMPLE4 trial, or advancement of any other late-stage clinical program across our platform, is subject to

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our ability to secure additional capital, and has been and may be further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We will need significant additional funding to make further advancements in our product development programs beyond those currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection. Please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of our current liquidity and our future funding needs.

With our existing cash on hand, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial research and development expenses in 2020 to: (i) advance our SB206 molluscum Phase 3 program, including the conduct of the B-SIMPLE4 trial, including supporting activities, in addition to completing the B-SIMPLE1, B-SIMPLE2 and B-SIMPLE3 studies; (ii) conduct drug manufacturing capability transfer activities to our external third-party contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs; and (iii) conduct additional development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas. We also expect to incur substantial costs in 2020 associated with our research and development personnel, certain facility infrastructure and drug manufacturing capabilities to support preclinical and clinical development activities, including costs associated with the primary facility lease transaction as described in “Corporate Updates.”

We have engaged H.C. Wainwright as a strategic and financial advisor to assist in our comprehensive review of strategic and financial alternatives, which include evaluating potential sources of financing and strategic alternatives. We may seek to engage in one or more potential transactions, such as the sale of the Company, or sale, divestiture or licensing of some of our assets, such as a sale of our dermatology platform assets, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into such a transaction or transactions on a timely basis or at all or on terms that are favorable to us.

Please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of our current liquidity and our future funding needs.

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenue

License and collaboration revenue consists of the amortization of certain fixed and variable consideration under the Sato license agreement that was entered into during the first quarter of 2017, as amended in October 2018, or the Amended Sato Agreement, that (i) has been received to date in the form of upfront and milestone payments; or (ii) are future, non-contingent milestone payments that become payable upon the earlier occurrence of specified fixed dates in the future or the achievement of specified milestone events. This consideration is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated performance period of approximately 7.5 years, from February 2017 through the third quarter of 2024. We monitor and reassess the estimated performance period for purposes of revenue recognition during each reporting period. During the third quarter

In November of 2020, Sato ~~prepared and we reviewed~~determined its initial Japanese Phase 1 study for SB206 would require an amended design, including potential evaluation of lower dose strengths, to further refine dose tolerability in a SB206 Japan development program timeline that was supportive of the 7.5 year performance period estimate. However, the SB204 asset’s Japan development plan and program timeline remains under evaluation by us and Sato. This combined SB204 and SB206 development program timeline in Japan may potentially be affected by various factors, includingsubsequent Phase 1 study. Based upon (i) the ~~results from our~~need for an additional Phase 1 study; (ii) Sato’s estimated comprehensive developmental schedule for SB206 ~~Phase 3 trials conducted to date in the United States,~~ including but not limited to top-line efficacy results announced in January 2020 and the results of the ongoing B-SIMPLE4 trial, (ii) our remaining timeline for the ongoing B-SIMPLE4 trial in the United States, which has been and may be further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic,additional post-Phase 1 clinical trials; and (iii) ~~our drug~~current and future Japanese clinical trial material manufacturing ~~capabilities~~ and ~~the progression of our manufacturing technology~~technical transfer projects with third-party CMOs. Therefore, if the duration of the combined SB204 and SB206 development program timeline is affected by the establishment or subsequent adjustments, as applicable, to the mutually agreed upon SB204 andconsiderations, we concluded that a prospective delay in Sato’s overall SB206 development plan had occurred. We estimate the program timeline to be extended by 1.75 years from our previous estimate, and a corresponding extension of the performance period estimate to 9.25 years, completing in the ~~Japan territory, we will adjust our estimated performance period for revenue recognition purposes accordingly, as needed.~~second quarter of 2026.

The material terms of the Amended Sato Agreement and related revenue recognition are described ~~within~~in “Note 4—Licensing Arrangements” and “Note 5—Revenue Recognition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Government Contracts and Grants Revenue

Government research contracts and grant revenue relates to the research and development of our nitric oxide platform for preclinical advancement of NCEs and formulations related to potential treatments for illnesses in the women’s health field. Revenue related to conditional government contracts and grants is recognized when ~~the~~ qualifying expenses are incurred.

Research and Development Expenses

Since our ~~inception,~~incorporation, we have focused our resources on our research and development activities, including conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings for our product candidates. Research and development expenses, including those paid to third parties for which there is no alternative use, are expensed as they are incurred. Research and development expenses include:

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•external research and development expenses incurred under agreements with CROs, investigative sites and consultants to conduct our clinical trials and preclinical studies;

•costs to acquire, develop and manufacture supplies for clinical trials and preclinical studies at our facilities;

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•costs to establish drug substance and drug product manufacturing capabilities with external ~~contract manufacturing organizations~~CMOs and to enhance drug delivery device technologies through partnerships with technology manufacturing vendors;

•legal and other professional fees related to compliance with FDA requirements;

•licensing fees and milestone payments incurred under license agreements;

•salaries and related costs, including ~~share-based~~stock-based compensation, for personnel in our research and development functions; and

•facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent, maintenance of facilities, utilities, equipment and other supplies.

From ~~inception~~our incorporation through ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we have incurred approximately ~~$175.6~~$188.3 million in research and development expenses to develop, expand or otherwise improve our nitric oxide platform and resulting product candidates. This amount is net of $10.4 million of aggregate contra-research and development expense, including ~~$0.3~~less than $0.1 million and ~~$2.2~~$1.5 million of contra-research and development expense recorded for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing amortization of the liability related to the $12.0 million of funding received from Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, or Ligand, to pursue the development and regulatory approval of SB206. For a description of the methodology and assumptions used to recognize the ratable amortization of this liability, as well as other information about the development funding and royalties agreement, or the Funding Agreement, with Ligand, please see “Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~The table below sets forth~~For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, our total research and development ~~expenses incurred for external clinical programs and the related product candidates, and other research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.~~

Other research and development expenses include: (i) all preclinical program and development costs, including development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas, (ii) manufacturing capability and campaign costs, (iii) external costs to establish drug substance and drug product manufacturing capabilities at third-party CMOs, (iv) facility and infrastructure costs, and (v) costs related to all research and development salaries and related personnel costs.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
(in thousands) (in thousands)
External clinical programs:
SB204 $ — $ 19 $ 16 $ 194
SB206 2,737 (1) 3,440 4,282 (1) 5,968
SB208 — — — 7
SB414 21 (2) 720 265 (2) 1,055
Other research and development 2,078 4,419 8,950 12,390
Total research and development expenses $ 4,836 $ 8,598 $ 13,513 $ 19,614

~~(1)Amount shown net of $0.3~~expense was $6.4 million and ~~$2.2~~$4.9 million, of contra-research and development expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $3.4 million and $5.5 million of contra-research and development expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, related to the Funding Agreement with Ligand described in “Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~(2)Amounts relate to the completion of Phase 2-enabling non-clinical studies and wind-down costs associated with the Phase 2 trial that we placed on indefinite hold in January 2020.~~

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respectively. During the first ~~nine~~three months of ~~2020,~~2021, our major clinical development activities were primarily associated with the continued conduct of our current SB206 Phase 3 clinical program. The total external clinical program ~~activities.~~ expense related to the SB206 program was $4.2 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In addition, other research and development expenses were $2.3 million and $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Other research and development expenses include: (i) all preclinical program and development costs, including WH504, WH602 and SB019; (ii) manufacturing capability and campaign costs; (iii) external costs to establish drug substance and drug product manufacturing capabilities at third-party CMOs; (iv) facility and infrastructure costs; and (v) costs related to all research and development salaries and related personnel costs.

Our plan and timelines for further clinical development of SB206 ~~which have been informed by verbal feedback during and meeting minutes received from the FDA following the Type C meeting on April 1, 2020,~~ have been and may be further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We expect that for the foreseeable future, the substantial majority of our research and development efforts will be focused on: (i) the SB206 molluscum program, including the conduct and expected completion of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, including supporting activities; (ii) ~~conducting~~preparatory costs associated with the continued regulatory progression of SB206; (iii) drug manufacturing capability transfer activities to ~~our~~ external third-party CMOs; (iv) a drug delivery device technology enhancement project with a technology manufacturing vendor; and ~~(iii) conducting~~(v) additional development activities in certain priority therapeutic ~~areas.~~areas, including infectious disease (Coronaviridae (COVID-19)) and companion animal health. We also expect to incur substantial costs in ~~2020~~2021 associated with our research and development personnel, and certain ~~facility~~manufacturing capability costs related to the infrastructure build-out necessary to support small-scale drug substance and drug product manufacturing ~~capabilities~~at our new corporate headquarters, including capital costs subject to ~~support preclinical~~depreciation. We may decide to revise our development and ~~clinical~~operating plans or the related timing, depending on information we learn through our research and development activities, including ~~costs associated with~~ the ~~primary facility lease transaction~~results of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, the impact of outside factors such as ~~described in “Corporate Updates.”~~the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to enter into strategic arrangements, our ability to access additional capital and our financial priorities.

The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of our current product candidates or any future product candidates. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates. See the “Risk Factors” section in our Annual Report ~~and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,~~ for a discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with our research and development projects.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs, including ~~share-based~~stock-based compensation expenses for personnel in our executive, finance, corporate development and other administrative functions. Other general and administrative expenses include allocated depreciation and facility-related costs, legal costs of pursuing patent protection of our

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intellectual property, insurance coverage and professional services fees for auditing, tax, general legal, business development, litigation defense and other corporate and administrative services.

We expect to continue to incur substantial general and administrative expenses in ~~2020~~2021 in support of our operating activities and as necessary to operate in a public company environment. Significant general and administrative expenses associated with operations in a public company environment include legal, accounting, regulatory and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance premiums and investor relations activities.

~~Impairment loss on long-lived assets~~

As of June 29, 2020, we evaluated all of our long-lived assets for potential held for sale classification, and assessed our remaining long-lived assets classified as held and used for potential impairment pursuant to accounting policies described in “Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies”. This evaluation and assessment was triggered by the decommissioning of our large scale drug manufacturing capability at our former Morrisville, North Carolina facility and by preparatory actions taken in connection with the planned lease termination transaction for the facility that was executed in July 2020. In connection with this evaluation and impairment assessment, which is described in “Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, we recognized an impairment loss on long-lived assets that represent the carrying value in excess of fair value of assets held and used or the carrying value in excess of fair value less cost to sell for assets held for sale.

~~Loss on facility asset group disposition~~

In conjunction with the lease termination transaction executed in July 2020, all assets and liabilities within the related facility asset group were disposed of on July 16, 2020. As of the disposition date, the net aggregate carrying value of the assets and liabilities was written off, combined with certain other direct costs incurred in connection with the lease termination transaction, which resulted in a loss on disposition, which is described in “Note 15—Asset Group Disposition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of (i) foreign currency adjustments related to the contract asset and contract receivables related to the Amended Sato Agreement; (ii) interest income earned on cash and cash ~~equivalents~~equivalents; and ~~(ii)~~(iii) other miscellaneous income and expenses.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:


		Three Months Ended September 30,									Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020		2019		$ Change		% Change			2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
		(in thousands, except percentages)									(in thousands, except percentages)
License and collaboration revenue	License and collaboration revenue	$	1,100	$	1,100	$	—	—	%	License and collaboration revenue	$	747	$	1,024	$	(277)	(27)	%
Government research contracts and grants revenue	Government research contracts and grants revenue	217		216		1		—	%	Government research contracts and grants revenue	72		189		(117)		(62)	%

Total revenue	Total revenue	1,317		1,316		1		—	%	Total revenue	819		1,213		(394)		(32)	%
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:									Operating expenses:
Research and development	Research and development	4,836		8,598		(3,762)		(44)	%	Research and development	6,418		4,916		1,502		31	%
General and administrative	General and administrative	3,108		2,290		818		36	%	General and administrative	2,686		2,507		179		7	%

Loss on facility asset group disposition		1,772		—		1,772		100	%

Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	9,716		10,888		(1,172)		(11)	%	Total operating expenses	9,104		7,423		1,681		23	%
Operating loss	Operating loss	(8,399)		(9,572)		1,173		(12)	%	Operating loss	(8,285)		(6,210)		(2,075)		33	%
Other (expense) income, net:	Other (expense) income, net:									Other (expense) income, net:
Interest income	Interest income	2		53		(51)		(96)	%	Interest income	3		35		(32)		(91)	%

Other (expense) income	Other (expense) income	(8)		23		(31)		(135)	%	Other (expense) income	(670)		8		(678)		*
Total other (expense) income, net	Total other (expense) income, net	(6)		76		(82)		(108)	%	Total other (expense) income, net	(667)		43		(710)		*
Net loss and comprehensive loss	Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(8,405)	$	(9,496)	$	1,091	(11)	%	Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(8,952)	$	(6,167)	$	(2,785)	45	%

* Not meaningful

Revenue

License and collaboration revenue of ~~$1.1~~$0.7 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~respectively, was associated with our performance during the period and the related amortization of the non-refundable upfront and expected milestone payments under the Amended Sato Agreement.

Government research contracts and grants revenue oftotaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~includes~~respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized revenue of less than $0.1 million ~~of revenue recognized~~and $0.2 million, respectively, related to the ~~$1.1 million~~ grant we received in September 2019 from the DoD’s CDMRP as part of its Peer Reviewed Cancer Research Program, and $0.1 million ~~of revenue recognized~~and less than $0.1 million, respectively, related to the ~~$1.0 million~~ grant we received in February 2020 from the NIH.

For additional information regarding our accounting for revenue-generating contracts and agreements, see “Note 5—Revenue Recognition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses were ~~$4.8~~$6.4 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to ~~$8.6~~$4.9 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The net ~~decrease~~increase of ~~$3.8~~$1.5 million, or ~~44%~~31%, was primarily related to (i) a ~~$0.7~~$3.3 million net increase in the SB206 program; (ii) a $0.2 million decrease in the ~~SB206 program, (ii) a $0.7 million decrease in our~~ SB414 ~~program,~~program; and (iii) a ~~$2.3~~$1.5 million decrease in other research and development expenses.

In the SB206 program, we experienced (i) a ~~$3.8~~$1.8 million ~~decrease~~increase in gross costs incurred due to the ~~relative timing~~ongoing conduct, active enrollment and treatment phase activities of the B-SIMPLE4 ~~trial’s enrollment initiation, which occurred in late third~~Phase 3 trial during the first quarter of ~~2020,~~2021, compared to ~~enrollment initiations for the previous~~relatively lower cost of B-SIMPLE 1 and B-SIMPLE 2 Phase 3 ~~trials (B-SIMPLE1 and B-SIMPLE2), which occurred in late second quarter of 2019. As a result of this enrollment timing, we incurred substantially more gross costs~~trial wind down activities during the comparative period in ~~2019. This gross decrease was primarily offset by~~2020, and (ii) a ~~$3.1~~$1.5 million ~~corresponding~~ decrease in contra-research and development expense from the ratable amortization of the ~~Ligand~~ Funding Agreement with Ligand liability, which represents Ligand’s contribution to ~~the~~specified clinical development and regulatory ~~approval of~~activities for SB206 for the treatment of molluscum. The SB206 clinical development activities conducted during the comparative period in 2020, including but not limited to the B-SIMPLE 1 and B-SIMPLE 2 Phase 3 trials, were eligible for Ligand contribution and associated amortized contra-research and development expense recognition, but the B-SIMPLE 4 Phase 3 trial being conducted during the current period in 2021 is not eligible for Ligand contributions and therefore no contra-research and development expense was recognized against the gross B-SIMPLE 4 trial costs.

The ~~$2.3~~$1.5 million decrease in other research and development expenses was primarily ~~driven by~~due to (i) a ~~$0.9~~$1.0 million ~~net~~ decrease in research and development personnel ~~costs,~~costs; (ii) a ~~$1.4~~$0.4 million decrease in ~~costs associated with our manufacturing technology transfer projects to third-party manufacturers~~rent and ~~(iii) a $0.3 million decrease in~~ depreciation expense ~~partially offset by (iv) $0.1 million~~following the reduction of ~~discrete~~our footprint within our Morrisville, North Carolina facility ~~decommissioning costs incurred during~~after the lease termination completed in the third quarter of ~~2020,~~

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~~(v)~~2020; and (iii) a $0.1 million ~~increase~~decrease in ~~other preclinical development~~material costs ~~and (vi) a $0.1 million increase in other laboratory support costs at our Morrisville, North Carolina facility.~~associated with manufacturing.

The ~~$0.9~~$1.0 million net decrease in research and development personnel costs is primarily due to (i) a ~~$0.4~~$0.3 million decrease in recurring salary and benefits costs due to a reduced number of research and development personnel between the two comparative ~~periods,~~periods; (ii) a $0.2 million decrease in salary, accrued bonuses and benefits costs associated with personnel who changed roles between the comparative periods and, as a result, changed from research and development expenses to general and administrative expenses between the comparative periods and (iii) a $0.3 million decrease in non-cash compensation expense associated with share-based incentive compensation expense and the change in the fair value of our Performance Plan liability.

~~General and administrative expenses~~

General and administrative expenses were $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The net change in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to (i) a $0.8 million discrete non-cash charge recognized in the third quarter of 2020 related to the issuance of commitment shares in consideration for entering into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA and (ii) a $0.2 million net increase in other administrative expenses, partially offset by (iii) a $0.2 million decrease in general and administrative personnel and related costs.

The $0.2 million decrease in general and administrative personnel and related costs is primarily due to a decrease in non-cash compensation expenses associated with share-based incentive compensation expense and the change in the fair value of our Performance Plan liability. Cash-based compensation expenses were unchanged on a net basis between the comparative periods, but included (i) a $0.2 million decrease in recurring salary and benefits costs due to a reduced number of general and administrative personnel between the two comparative periods, offset by (ii) a $0.2 million increase in salary, accrued bonuses and benefits costs associated with personnel who changed roles between the comparative periods and, as a result, changed from research and development expenses to general and administrative expenses between the comparative periods.

~~Loss on facility asset group disposition~~

In conjunction with the lease termination transaction as described in “Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies”, to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, all assets and liabilities within the facility asset group were disposed of on July 16, 2020. As of the disposition date, the aggregate carrying value of the assets was $7.3 million and the aggregate carrying value of the associated lease liabilities was $6.0 million. The $1.3 million net charge resulting from the write-off of these assets and liabilities was combined with $0.5 million of other direct costs incurred in connection with the lease termination transaction to result in a $1.8 million total loss on disposition. This loss, which is in addition to the impairment loss recognized during the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020 and described in “Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, was based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated with the July 2020 termination transaction, rather than the market participant valuation model that was required to be used during the impairment assessment as of June 29, 2020.

~~For additional information regarding our facility asset group disposition see “Note 15—Asset Group Disposition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.~~

~~Other (expense) income, net~~

~~Other (expense) income, net was negligible for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $0.1 million income for the three months ended September 30, 2019.~~

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~~Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019~~

~~The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:~~

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 $ Change % Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
License and collaboration revenue $ 3,224 $ 3,301 $ (77) (2) %
Government research contracts and grants revenue 627 216 411 190 %
Total revenue 3,851 3,517 334 9 %
Operating expenses:
Research and development 13,513 19,614 (6,101) (31) %
General and administrative 8,847 8,595 252 3 %
Impairment loss on long-lived assets 2,421 — 2,421 100 %
Loss on facility asset group disposition 1,772 — 1,772 100 %
Total operating expenses 26,553 28,209 (1,656) (6) %
Operating loss (22,702) (24,692) 1,990 (8) %
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income 47 149 (102) (68) %
Interest expense — (1) 1 (100) %
Other (expense) income (3) 115 (118) (103) %
Total other income (expense), net 44 263 (219) (83) %
Net loss $ (22,658) $ (24,429) $ 1,771 (7) %

~~Revenue~~

License and collaboration revenue of $3.2 million and $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, was associated with our performance during the period and the related amortization of the non-refundable upfront and expected milestone payments under the Amended Sato Agreement.

Government research contracts and grants revenue of $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily includes $0.5 million of revenue recognized related to the $1.1 million grant we received in September 2019 from the DoD’s CDMRP as part of its Peer Reviewed Cancer Research Program and $0.1 million revenue recognized related to the $1.0 million grant we received in February 2020 from the NIH.

~~Research and development expenses~~

Research and development expenses were $13.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $19.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The net decrease of $6.1 million, or 31%, was primarily related to (i) a $1.7 million net decrease in the SB206 program, (ii) a $3.4 million decrease in other research and development expenses, (iii) a $0.8 million decrease in our SB414 program and (iv) a $0.2 million decrease in our SB204 program.

In the SB206 program, we experienced a $5.1 million decrease in gross costs incurred primarily due to the relative timing of the B-SIMPLE4 trial’s enrollment initiation, which occurred in late third quarter of 2020, compared to enrollment initiations for the previous Phase 3 trials (B-SIMPLE1 and B-SIMPLE2), which occurred in late second quarter of 2019. As a result of these differences in the timing of trial execution activities between the comparative periods, we incurred substantially more gross costs during the comparative period in 2019. This decrease was partially offset by a $3.4 million corresponding decrease in contra-research and development expense from the ratable amortization of the Ligand Funding Agreement liability, which represents Ligand’s contribution to the clinical development and regulatory approval of SB206 for the treatment of molluscum.

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The $3.4 million decrease in other research and development expenses was primarily driven by (i) a $2.1 million net decrease in research and development personnel costs, (ii) a $0.9 million decrease in costs associated with our manufacturing technology transfer projects to third-party manufacturers, (iii) a $0.3 million decrease in depreciation expense and (iv) a $0.5 million decrease in manufacturing materials and support costs at our Morrisville, North Carolina facility, partially offset by (v) $0.3 million of discrete Morrisville, North Carolina facility decommissioning costs incurred during the second and third quarters of 2020 and (vi) a $0.1 million increase in other preclinical development costs.

The $2.1 million net decrease in research and development personnel costs is primarily due to (i) a $1.1 million decrease in recurring salary and benefits costs due to a reduced number of research and development personnel between the two comparative periods, (ii) a $0.5 million decrease in salary, accrued bonuses and benefits costs associated with personnel who changed roles between the comparative periods and, as a result, changed from research and development expenses to general and administrative expenses between the comparative periods, (iii) $0.5 million in discrete charges during the first quarter of 2019 primarily related to severance and one-time payments associated with the departure of our former chief scientific officer in January 2019, and (iv) a $0.4 million decrease ~~in non-cash compensation expense associated with the change in the fair value of our Performance Plan liability. These decreases were partially offset by $0.4 million~~ in discrete severance charges and retention incentive compensation associated with business realignment and personnel reduction actions taken during the first quarter of ~~2020.~~2020; and (iii) a $0.3 million decrease in non-cash compensation expense associated with stock-based incentive compensation expense and the change in the fair value of our Tangible Stockholder Return Plan, which is a performance-based long-term incentive plan, or our Performance Plan, liability.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were ~~$8.8~~$2.7 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to ~~$8.6~~$2.5 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The net $0.2 million increase ~~of approximately $0.3 million, or 3%,~~in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily due to (i) ~~$1.7~~a $0.3 million increase in insurance premium expenses associated with the renewal of ~~aggregate non-cash~~our directors and officers’ liability policies in 2020; and (ii) a $0.2 million increase in other administrative expenses, including investor and public relations expense, ~~related to the issuance of commitment shares as consideration for entering into the June 2020 Aspire CSPA and July 2020 Aspire CSPA,~~ partially offset by ~~(ii)~~(i) a ~~$1.4~~$0.1 million net decrease in general and administrative personnel and related costs and (ii) a ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million decrease in ~~other general~~rent and ~~administrative expenses.~~depreciation expense following the reduction of our footprint within our Morrisville, North Carolina facility after the lease termination completed in the third quarter of 2020.

The ~~$1.4~~$0.1 million net decrease in general and administrative personnel and related costs is primarily due to (i) a $0.4 million discrete charge in the first quarter of 2019 primarily related to severance and one-time payments associated with the departure of our former chief business officer in January 2019, (ii) $0.5$0.2 million decrease in ~~recurring salary and benefits costs~~cash-based compensation expenses, primarily due to a reduced number of general and administrative personnel between the two comparative periods and (iii) a $1.2 million decrease in non-cash compensation expenses, including a $0.8 million decrease associated with the change in the fair value of our Performance Plan liability and a $0.4 million decrease in stock option and other share-based compensation expenses. These decreases were partially offset by (i) a $0.6 million increase in salary, accrued bonuses and benefits costs associated with personnel who changed roles between the comparative periods and, as a result, changed from research and development expenses to general and administrative expenses between the comparative periods and (ii) $0.1 million of discrete retention incentive compensation and severance charges associated with business realignment and personnel reductions occurring in the first quarter of ~~2020.~~2020, partially offset by (ii) a $0.1 million increase in non-cash compensation expenses associated with stock-based incentive compensation expense and the change in the fair value of our Performance Plan liability.

~~Impairment loss on long-lived assets~~Other (expense) income, net

Other (expense) income, net was $0.7 million expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021, and was negligible for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The $0.7 million other expense relates to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for certain time-based milestones related to the Amended Sato Agreement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of ~~June 29,~~March 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $258.2 million. We incurred net losses of $9.0 million and $6.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We anticipate that we ~~evaluated all of our long-lived assets for potential held for sale classification, and assessed our remaining long-lived assets classified as held and used for potential impairment pursuant~~will continue to accounting policies described in “Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Our evaluation resulted in a $2.4 million non-cash impairment loss on long-lived assetsgenerate losses for the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2020 comprised of (i) a $0.9 million impairment charge recognized on~~foreseeable future, and we expect the ~~leasehold improvements affixed~~losses to the Morrisville, North Carolina facility, (ii) a $0.2 million impairment charge recognized on furniture and equipment to be sold to our landlord’s new tenant pursuant to a bill of sale described in “Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, (iii) a $0.8 million impairment charge recognized on certain manufacturing and laboratory equipment that we intend to sell through a consignment seller, and (iv) a $0.5 million impairment charge recognized on equipment and other property not directly associated with our continuing research and development and pilot scale drug manufacturing capabilities.

~~For additional information regarding our impairment evaluation see “Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.~~

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~~Loss on facility asset group disposition~~

~~In conjunction with~~increase as we continue the ~~lease termination transaction as described in “Note 8—Commitments~~development of, and ~~Contingencies”~~seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates and potentially begin commercialization activities. We are subject to ~~the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements,~~ all ~~assets and liabilities within the facility asset group were disposed of on July 16, 2020. As~~ of the ~~disposition date,~~risks inherent in the ~~aggregate carrying value~~development of ~~the assets was $7.3 million~~new pharmaceutical products, and ~~the aggregate carrying value of the associated lease liabilities was $6.0 million. The $1.3 million net charge resulting~~we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales unless and until we obtain regulatory approval from the ~~write-off~~FDA for our clinical-stage product candidates. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of ~~these assets~~our product candidates, we and/or our commercial partners would expect to incur significant expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing and liabilities was combined with $0.5 million of other direct costs incurred in connection with the lease termination transaction to result in a $1.8 million total loss on disposition. This loss, which is in addition to the impairment loss recognized during the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020 and described in “Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, was based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated with the July 2020 lease termination transaction, rather than the market participant valuation model that was required to be used during the impairment assessment as of June 29, 2020.

~~For additional information regarding our facility asset group disposition see “Note 15—Asset Group Disposition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.~~

~~Other income (expense), net~~

~~Other income (expense), net was negligible for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $0.3 million income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.~~

~~Liquidity and Capital Resources~~distribution.

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we had a total cash and cash equivalents of ~~$43.1~~$32.7 million and positive working capital of ~~$36.7~~$32.6 million. As of March 31, 2021, we had $12.0 million in remaining availability for sales of our common stock under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

From ~~inception~~January 1, 2019 through ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we have raised total equity and debt proceeds of ~~$235.8~~$60.4 million to fund our operations, including (i) $5.2 million in net proceeds from the sale of common stock (or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof) and accompanying common warrants in the March 2020 Public Offering (as defined below); (ii) $7.2 million in net proceeds from the sale of common stock (or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof) in the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering (as defined below); (iii) an additional ~~$5.5~~$6.0 million of proceeds associated with exercises through ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 of common warrants issued as part of the March 2020 Public Offering and March 2020 Registered Direct Offering; and (iv) ~~$32.7~~$41.0 million in proceeds from the sale of common stock under our August 2019 ~~June 2020~~ and ~~July~~June 2020 common stock purchase agreements with Aspire ~~Capital. In addition, through September 30,~~Capital and the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. We also obtained a loan under the PPP (as defined below) of approximately $1.0 million in April 2020 to support certain qualified expenses, including payroll and rental expense, which is described below.

To date, we have ~~also generated~~focused our funding activities primarily on equity financings, while generating additional liquidity and capital through other sources, including: (i) governmental research contracts and grants totaling ~~$12.7~~$12.9 million; (ii) our licensing and supply arrangements with Sato, totaling $24.2 ~~million, described below;~~million; and (iii) ~~$37.0~~$25.0 million and $12.0 million in proceeds from two funding transactions during the second quarter of 2019 ~~also~~with Reedy Creek Investments LLC, or Reedy Creek, and Ligand, respectively, as described below.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents balance as of ~~September 30, 2020, and~~March 31, 2021, plus expected contractual payments to be received in connection with existing licensing agreements, will provide us with adequate liquidity to fund our planned operating needs ~~through~~into the ~~fourth~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. This operating forecast and related cash projection ~~includes~~includes: (i) costs through the expected completion of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, including supporting activities; (ii) preparatory costs associated with ~~a pivotal Phase 3 trial for SB206 as a treatment for molluscum,~~ the ~~B-SIMPLE4 trial, and~~anticipated continued regulatory progression of SB206; (iii) development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas, including infectious disease (Coronaviridae (COVID-19)) and companion animal health; (iv) conducting drug manufacturing capability transfer activities to external third-party CMOs, including a drug delivery device technology enhancement project; and (v) certain build-out and manufacturing capability costs related to the infrastructure necessary to support small-scale drug substance and drug product manufacturing at our new corporate headquarters, but excludes any potential costs associated with other late-stage clinical development ~~programs. Further advancement~~programs and proceeds from any potential future sales of common stock under the molluscum contagiosum (SB206) program beyond the conduct and completion of the B-SIMPLE4 trial, or advancement of any other late-stage clinical program across our platform, is subject to our ability to secure additional capital, and has been and may be further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We will need significant additional funding to make further advancements in our product development programs beyond those currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection.

~~With our existing cash on hand, we expect to incur substantial research and development expenses in~~July 2020 on: (i) the SB206 molluscum program, including the conduct of the B-SIMPLE4 trial, including supporting activities; (ii) conducting drug manufacturing capability transfer activities to our external third-party CMOs; and (iii) conducting additional development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas. We also expect to incur substantial costs in 2020 associated with our research and development personnel, and certain facility infrastructure and drug manufacturing capabilities to support preclinical and clinical development activities, including costs associated with the primary facility lease transaction as described in “Corporate Updates.”

Aspire CSPA. We may decide to revise our development and operating plans or the related timing, depending on information we learn through our research and development activities, including the results of the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, the impact of outside factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to enter into

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strategic arrangements, our ability to access additional capital and our financial priorities. ~~Our assumptions and plans may change and could impact the magnitude and/or timing of development and operating expenses and, therefore, our cash runway.~~

We will need significant additional funding to ~~support~~continue our ~~planned and future~~ operating activities and make further advancements in our product development programs and potential commercialization activities beyond ~~those~~what is currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection. ~~We do~~Therefore, we will need to secure additional capital or financing and/or delay, defer or reduce our cash expenditures by the first quarter of 2022. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional capital or financing on terms acceptable to us, on a timely basis or at all. If we are not ~~currently have sufficient funds~~able to ~~complete development~~secure additional financing and ~~commercialization of any of~~are unable to reduce our expenditures sufficiently, we may be forced to terminate or eliminate our product ~~candidates. Our ability to continue to operate our business, including our ability to advance~~ development programs, ~~unrelated~~wind down our operations, liquidate or seek bankruptcy protection. In that event, it is unclear to ~~the B-SIMPLE4 trial, as well as~~what extent we would be able to pay our ~~ability~~obligations, and, accordingly, it is further unclear whether and to ~~progress SB206~~what extent any resources would be available for molluscum to an NDA filing, which would occur, if at all, following completion of the B-SIMPLE4 trial, is dependent upon our ability to access additional sources of capital, including, but not limited to (i) equity or debt financings, including through potential sales under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA; or (ii) non-dilutive sources, such as partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships. Our equity issuances during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, have resulted in significant dilutiondistributions to our ~~existing~~ stockholders. ~~Any future additional issuances~~In addition, we believe that our clinical and preclinical data, technology platform and market potential provide for a range of ~~equity, or debt that could be convertible into equity, would result~~opportunities in ~~further significant dilution~~order to ~~our existing stockholders. Alternatively,~~maximize stockholder value. As such, from time to time, we may seek to engage in one or more potential transactions, such as the sale of the Company, or sale or divestiture of some of our assets, such as a sale of our dermatology platform assets, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into such a transaction or transactions on a timely basis or at all or on terms that are favorable to us. If we are forced to terminate or

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eliminate our product development programs or pursue other strategic alternatives or corporate transactions, there can be no assurance that such actions would result in any additional stockholder value.

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from product sales. We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales unless, and until, we obtain regulatory approval of one of our current or future product candidates and achieve successful commercialization by a strategic partner or by ourselves. We anticipate that we will continue to generate losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates and begin any commercialization activities. We are subject to all of the risks inherent in the development of new pharmaceutical products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. Our anticipated expenditure levels may change if we adjust our current operating plan. Such actions could delay development timelines and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and market valuation. As of September 30, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $242.6 million.

Our cash and cash equivalents are held in a variety of interest-bearing instruments, including money market accounts. Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested with a view toward liquidity and capital preservation, and we seek to minimize the potential effects of concentration and degrees of risk.

Purchase Agreements with Aspire Capital

Prior Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreements

On August 30, 2019, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital, or the 2019 Aspire CSPA, and on June 15, 2020, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital, or the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, which ~~provide~~provided that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital was committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $25.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, of shares of our common stock at our request from time to time during the 30-month term of each agreement. The June 2020 Aspire CSPA replaced the 2019 Aspire CSPA, which was terminated under the terms of the June 2020 Aspire CSPA. On July 21, 2020, the June 2020 Aspire CSPA was replaced by the July 2020 Aspire CSPA described below.

AsFrom the inception through the termination of ~~September 30, 2020,~~the 2019 Aspire CSPA, we ~~had~~ sold 4,865,717 shares of common stock at an average price of $0.62 per share under ~~the 2019 Aspire CSPA.~~such agreement. These amounts, combined with the 345,622 shares issued as part of the commitment fee related to the agreement’s execution, resulted in a total of 5,211,339 shares ~~being~~ issued to Aspire Capital under ~~the~~that agreement as of ~~September 30, 2020. As~~March 31, 2021. From the inception through the termination of ~~September 30,~~the June 2020 Aspire CSPA, we ~~had~~ sold 37,764,280 shares of common stock at an average price of $0.53 per share under ~~the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.~~that agreement. These amounts, combined with the 1,449,275 shares issued as part of the commitment fee related to the agreement’s execution, resulted in a total of 39,213,555 shares ~~being~~ issued to Aspire Capital under the agreement, ~~as of September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, there was no remaining availability for sales of common stock under the June 2020 Aspire CSPA,~~ which was fully utilized prior to entry into the July 2020 Aspire ~~CSPA noted below.~~CSPA. The 2019 Aspire CSPA and June 2020 Aspire CSPA had substantially similar terms to the July 2020 Aspire CSPA described below. See “Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the 2019 Aspire CSPA and the June 2020 Aspire CSPA.

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July 2020 Aspire ~~CSPA~~Common Stock Purchase Agreement

On July 21, 2020, we entered into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $30.0 million of shares of our common stock at our request from time to time during the 30-month term of the ~~July 2020 Aspire CSPA.~~agreement. Upon execution of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, we agreed to sell to Aspire Capital 5,555,555 shares of our common stock at $0.90 per share for proceeds of $5.0 million. In addition, as consideration for entering into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, we issued to Aspire Capital 1,000,000 shares of our common stock as a commitment fee. ~~The July 2020 Aspire CSPA replaced the June 2020 Aspire CSPA described above.~~

Concurrently with entering into the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, we also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which we agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, ~~or the Securities Act,~~ registering the sale of the shares of our common stock that have been and may be issued to Aspire Capital under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. On July 23, 2020, we filed with ~~the Securities and Exchange Commission, or~~ the SEC a prospectus supplement to our effective shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236583) registering all of the shares of common stock that may be offered to Aspire Capital from time to time under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

Under the terms of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, on any trading day we select, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a purchase notice, or the Purchase Notice, directing Aspire Capital (as principal) to purchase up to 300,000 shares of our common stock per business day, up to an aggregate of $30.0 million of our common stock, at a per share price equal to the lesser of (i) the lowest sale price of our common stock on the purchase date; or (ii) the arithmetic average of the three lowest closing sale prices for our common stock during the ten consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase date. The aggregate purchase price payable by Aspire Capital on any one purchase date may not exceed $0.5 million, unless otherwise mutually agreed. The parties may mutually agree to increase the number of shares of our common stock that may be purchased per trading day pursuant to the terms of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA to up to 2,000,000 shares.

In addition, on any date on which we submit a Purchase Notice in an amount equal to 300,000 shares, we can also, in our sole discretion, present Aspire Capital with a volume-weighted average price purchase notice, or a VWAP Purchase Notice, directing Aspire Capital to purchase an amount of our common stock equal to up to 30% of the aggregate shares of our common stock traded on ~~its~~our principal market on the next trading day, or the VWAP Purchase Date, subject to a maximum number of

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shares determined by us. The purchase price per share pursuant to such VWAP Purchase Notice is generally 97% of the volume-weighted average price for our common stock traded on our principal market on the VWAP Purchase Date.

Under the terms of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, the number of shares that may be sold to Aspire Capital is limited to 25,433,642 shares, or the Exchange Cap, which represents 19.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock on July 21, 2020, unless stockholder approval or an exception pursuant to the rules of our principal market, currently the Nasdaq ~~Global~~Capital Market, is obtained to issue more than 19.99%. This limitation will not apply if, at any time the Exchange Cap is reached and at all times thereafter, the average price paid for all shares issued under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA is equal to or greater than $0.5907, which is the arithmetic average of the five closing sale prices of our common stock immediately preceding the execution of the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. The July 2020 Aspire CSPA provides that we and Aspire Capital shall not effect any sales under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA on any purchase date where the closing sale price of our common stock is less than $0.15.

There are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, and we ~~will~~ control the timing and amount of sales of our common stock to Aspire Capital. Aspire Capital has no right to require any sales by us, but is obligated to make purchases from us as we may direct in accordance with the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. There are no limitations on use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financing transactions, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the July 2020 Aspire CSPA. The July 2020 Aspire CSPA may be terminated by us at any time, at our discretion, without any penalty or additional cost to us. Any proceeds we receive under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA are expected to be used for the advancement of our research and development programs and for general corporate purposes, capital expenditures and working capital.

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we have sold ~~13,092,464~~22,210,397 shares of our common stock at an average price of ~~$0.74~~$0.81 per share under the July 2020 Aspire ~~CSPA.~~CSPA for total proceeds of $18.0 million. These amounts, combined with the 1,000,000 shares issued as part of the commitment fee related to the agreement’s execution, resulted in a total of ~~14,092,464~~23,210,397 shares ~~being~~ issued to Aspire Capital under the agreement as of ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, there was ~~$20.4~~$12.0 million of remaining availability for sales of common stock under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA.

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~~Primary Facility Lease Financing~~

As described in the “Corporate Updates” section, in July 2020 we recently completed a lease termination transaction associated with our approximately 51,000 square foot leased facility in Morrisville, North Carolina, which had served as our corporate headquarters and sole research, development and manufacturing facility. The transaction is part of our broader strategic plan to shift our operating cost structure characteristics from fixed to variable and to reduce or offset fixed lease obligations. The ten-year, non-cancellable lease agreement was originally entered into in 2016, immediately prior to its termination in July 2020, had approximately 6 years remaining under the lease term and approximately $7.9 million in remaining minimum lease payments.

As of June 29, 2020, we evaluated all of our long-lived assets for potential held for sale classification, and assessed our remaining long-lived assets classified as held and used for potential impairment pursuant to accounting policies described inSee “Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. This evaluation and assessment was triggered by the previously described decommissioning of our large scale drug manufacturing capability and by the planned lease termination transaction that was executed in July 2020. In connection with this evaluation and impairment assessment, which is described in “Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges”10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements ~~we recognized non-cash impairment losses totaling $2.4 million in the second quarter of 2020.~~

In conjunction with the lease termination transaction, as described in “Note 15—Asset Group Disposition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, all assets and liabilities within the facility asset group were disposed of on July 16, 2020. As of the disposition date, the aggregate carrying value of the assets was $7.3 million and the aggregate carrying value of the associated lease liabilities was $6.0 million. The $1.3 million net charge resulting from the write-off of these assets and liabilities was combined with $0.5 million of other direct costs incurred in connection with the lease termination transaction to result in a $1.8 million total loss on disposition within the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. This loss, which is in addition to the impairment loss recognized during the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020, described above, was based upon Company-specific facts and circumstances associated withfor additional information regarding the July 2020 ~~lease termination transaction, rather than the market participant valuation model that was required to be used during the impairment assessment as of June 29, 2020.~~Aspire CSPA.

Paycheck Protection Program

On April 22, 2020, and as subsequently amended, we entered into the Note for an unsecured loan of approximately $1.0 million made to us, or the Loan, under the Paycheck Protection Program, or the PPP. The PPP was established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, and is administered by the United States Small Business Administration, or the SBA. The Loan ~~to us~~ was made through PNC Bank, National Association. Subject to the terms of the Note, the Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of one percent (1%) per annum. Principal and interest on unforgiven amounts are payable monthly commencing on the fifteenth day of the month following the First Payment Date, as defined within the Note. The Note provides that the Loan may be prepaid by us at any time prior to the April 22, 2022 maturity date without penalty. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for all or a portion of loans granted under the PPP, with such forgiveness to be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loan proceeds for payment of permitted and program-eligible expenses. Interest payable on the Note may be forgiven only if the SBA agrees to pay such interest on the forgiven principal amount of the Note. NoWe have applied for forgiveness of the Loan, and no assurance is provided that we will obtain such forgiveness ~~of the Loan~~ in whole or in part. We will be obligated to repay any portion of the principal amount of the ~~Note~~Loan that is not forgiven, together with interest accrued and accruing thereon at the rate set forth above, until such unforgiven portion is paid in full.

See “Note 9—Paycheck Protection Program” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Loan.

Equity Offerings

March 2020 Registered Direct Offering

On March 24, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with several institutional and accredited investors, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue in a registered direct offering priced at-the-market under Nasdaq rules, or the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering, an aggregate of 10,550,000 shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase 8,054,652 shares of common stock. The March 2020 Registered Direct Offering closed on March 26, 2020. At

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closing, we also issued to H.C. Wainwright, as placement agent, warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 558,140 shares of common stock representing 3.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock and shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants sold in this offering.

Net proceeds from the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering were approximately $7.2 million after deducting the fees and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $0.8 million.

See “Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering.

March 2020 Public Offering

On February 27, 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright relating to the offering, issuance and sale of 14,000,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,333,334 shares of common stock, and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 18,333,334 shares of common stock, or, collectively, the March 2020 Public Offering. We also granted H.C. Wainwright, as underwriter, a 30-day option to purchase up to 2,750,000 additional shares of common stock and/or common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,750,000 shares of common stock, which H.C. Wainwright partially exercised on March 2, 2020 to purchase 1,498,602 shares of common stock and common warrants to purchase 2,750,000 shares of common stock. The March 2020 Public Offering closed on March 3, 2020. At closing, we also issued to designees of H.C. Wainwright, as underwriter, warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 594,958 shares of common stock representing 3.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold and shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants sold in this offering.

Net proceeds from the March 2020 Public Offering were approximately $5.2 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $0.8 million. As of March 31, 2021, 18,521,667 common warrants issued as part of the March 2020 Public Offering have been exercised for an additional $5.6 million of proceeds associated with this offering.

See “Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the March 2020 Public Offering.

Research and Development Arrangements

Royalty and Milestone Payments Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek Investments LLC

On April 29, 2019, we entered into a royalty and milestone payments purchase agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, with Reedy Creek, pursuant to which Reedy Creek provided us funding in an initial amount of $25.0 million for us to use primarily to pursue the development, regulatory approval and commercialization (including through out-license agreements and other third-party arrangements) activities for SB206, for the treatment of molluscum, and advancing programmatically other activities with respect to SB414, for atopic dermatitis, and SB204, for acne. Reedy Creek was to provide $10.0 million of additional funding contingent upon our achievement of the primary endpoints in each of the two SB206 Phase 3 clinical trials no later than March 31, 2020. Based on the top line efficacy results from the Phase 3 SB206 program released in January 2020, we understand that Reedy Creek will not be paying us the contingent $10.0 million of additional funding.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will pay Reedy Creek ongoing quarterly payments, calculated based on an applicable percentage per product of any upfront fees, milestone payments, royalty payments or equivalent payments received by us

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pursuant to any out-license agreement for the products in the United States, Mexico or Canada, net of any upfront fees, milestone payments, royalty payments or equivalent payments paid by us to third parties pursuant to any agreements under which we have in-licensed intellectual property with respect to the products.

The applicable percentage used for determining the ongoing quarterly payments, applied to amounts received directly by us pursuant to any out-license agreement for each product, ranges from 10% for SB206 to 20% for SB414 and SB204. However, the agreement provides that the applicable percentage for each product will be 25% for fees or milestone payments received by us (but not royalty payments received by us) until Reedy Creek has received payments under the Purchase Agreement equal to the total funding amount provided by Reedy Creek under the Purchase Agreement. If we decide to commercialize any product on our own following regulatory approval, as opposed to commercializing through an out-license agreement or other third-party arrangement, we will be obligated to pay Reedy Creek a low single digits royalty on net sales of the products.

See “Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Purchase Agreement.

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Development Funding and Royalties Agreement with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

On May 4, 2019, we entered into the Funding Agreement with Ligand, pursuant to which Ligand provided us funding of $12.0 million, ~~for us to use~~which we used to pursue the development and regulatory approval of SB206, for the treatment of molluscum.

Pursuant to the Funding Agreement, we will pay Ligand up to $20.0 million in milestone payments upon the achievement by us of certain regulatory and commercial milestones associated with SB206 or any product that incorporates or uses NVN1000, the ~~active pharmaceutical ingredient~~API for our clinical stage product candidates, for the treatment of molluscum. In addition to the milestone payments, we will pay Ligand tiered royalties ranging from 7% to 10% based on annual aggregate net sales of the products in the United States, Mexico or Canada.

See “Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Funding Agreement.

Licensing Arrangements

Expansion of Partnership with Sato in Japanese Territory

On October 5, 2018, we and Sato entered into the second amendment to the initial license agreement dated January 12, 2017, or the Sato Amendment. The initial license agreement had focused on the development and commercialization of SB204 for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japan. The Sato Amendment also provides Sato with the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize SB206 and related dosage forms for the treatment of viral skin infections, including but not limited to molluscum contagiosum and external genital warts, in Japan. We have received approximately $24.2 million from Sato beginning January 2017 through ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 under the Amended Sato Agreement, including (i) a $10.8 million upfront payment received following the execution of the agreement in January 2017; (ii) a $2.2 million payment related to the initiation of a Phase 1 trial in Japan in the third quarter of 2018; and (iii) $11.2 million of installment payments received following the ~~October~~execution of the Sato Amendment. In addition to the upfront payment paid in three installments in 2018 ~~amendment to our amended license agreement with Sato. Under~~and 2019 that we received from Sato under the terms of the Sato Amendment, ~~we received an upfront payment from Sato totaling 1.25 billion JPY (approximately $11.2 million USD) to be paid in three installments over a 12 months period. We received~~ the first installment of 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2.2 million USD) in October 2018, the second installment of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4.5 million USD) in March 2019 and the third installment of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4.6 million USD) in November 2019. The Sato Amendment also provides for an aggregate of 1.0 billion JPY in additional non-contingent milestone payments that become payable upon the earlier occurrence of specified fixed dates in the future or the achievement of specified milestone events.

See “Note 4—Licensing Arrangements” and “Note 5—Revenue Recognition” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements regarding the Amended Sato Agreement.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated:


		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020		2019			2021		2020
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by:	Net cash (used in) provided by:					Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	Operating activities	$	(21,868)	$	(11,421)	Operating activities	$	(8,601)	$	(7,438)
Investing activities	Investing activities	(90)		(38)		Investing activities	(934)		(337)
Financing activities	Financing activities	50,779		25,271		Financing activities	6,789		15,848
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		$	28,821	$	13,812
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash						Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(2,746)	$	8,073

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was ~~$21.9~~$8.6 million and consisted primarily of a net loss of ~~$22.7~~$9.0 million, with adjustments for non-cash amounts related primarily to (i) depreciation expense of ~~$1.1~~$0.1 million; (ii) stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million; (iii) a foreign currency transaction loss of $0.7 million related to expected payments to be received under the Amended Sato Agreement; and (iv) a $0.5 million net decrease in cash related to changes in other operating assets and liabilities. The net decrease in cash related to changes in assets and liabilities was primarily due to (i) a $0.9 million decrease in prepaid insurance, prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily related to the amortization of prepaid service contracts and directors and officers insurance premiums, (ii) ~~impairment~~a $0.1 million increase in other accrued expenses, and (iii) a $0.1 million increase in accrued outside research and development services. These increases in cash were more than offset by (i) a $0.6 million decrease in accrued compensation primarily related to the payment of ~~long-lived assets of $2.4 million, (iii) loss on facility asset group disposition of $0.8 million, (iv)~~2020

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~~share-based~~performance bonuses in March 2021, (ii) a $0.7 million decrease in deferred revenue, and (iii) a $0.2 million decrease in accounts payable.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $7.4 million and consisted primarily of a net loss of $6.2 million, with adjustments for non-cash amounts related primarily to depreciation expense of $0.5 million, stock-based compensation expense of ~~$0.8~~$0.3 million, ~~(v) fees of $1.7 million related to commitment shares for the June 2020 Aspire CSPA and July 2020 Aspire CSPA, and (vi)~~ a loss on disposal of equipment of less than $0.1 million, and a ~~$6.1~~$2.1 million net decrease in other operating assets and liabilities. The net decrease in ~~operating~~ assets and liabilities was primarily due to (i) a ~~$2.2~~$1.5 million decrease in research and development service obligation liabilities related to the amortization of the ~~Ligand Funding Agreement~~ liability associated with Ligand; (ii) a ~~$3.3~~$1.1 million decrease in deferred revenue associated with our performance under, and revenue recognition of, the Amended Sato Agreement ~~a $0.3~~during the first quarter of 2020; (iii) $0.5 million decrease in accrued legal and professional ~~fees,~~fees; and (iv) a ~~$1.4~~$0.7 million decrease in accounts payable. These decreases were partially offset ~~primarily~~ by (i) a $0.9 million increase in accrued outside research and development services; and (ii) a $0.7 ~~million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets, a $0.3~~ million increase in accrued compensation, of which $0.5 million was associated with discrete severance charges and ~~a $0.3 million decrease in contracts and grants receivable.~~retention incentive compensation that were settled through cash payments made during the early second quarter of 2020. The ~~changes~~increases in accounts payable and accrued outside research and development services balances during the ~~nine months ended September 30,~~first quarter of 2020 were primarily related to timing of invoice receipts and payments associated with the SB206 Phase 3 development program.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $11.4 million and consisted primarily of a net loss of $24.4 million, with adjustments for non-cash amounts related primarily to depreciation expense of $1.5 million, share-based compensation expense for both equity-based and liability-based awards of $2.4 million and a $9.0 million favorable change in other operating assets and liabilities. The favorable net change in assets and liabilities was primarily due to (i) a $12.0 million increase related to the advanced payment for the research and development service obligation associated with the Funding Agreement with Ligand, offset by a $5.5 million decrease in research and development service obligation liabilities related to the amortization of the liability associated with Ligand, (ii) a $1.2 million increase in deferred revenue following the receipt of an additional upfront installment payment under the Amended Sato Agreement during the first quarter of 2019; (iii) a $1.2 million increase in accounts payable and (iv) a $0.8 million increase in accrued outside research and development services. The increase in accounts payable and accruals was primarily related to the Phase 3 development program for molluscum. These favorable changes were partially offset by changes in other operating assets and liabilities totaling $0.7 million, including an increase in contracts and grants receivable and a decrease in accrued legal and professional fees.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021, the $0.9 million of net cash used in investing activities was primarily related to investing activities including purchases of property, equipment and services associated with the planning, design and build-out of our new corporate headquarters and small-scale manufacturing facility in Durham, North Carolina.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the ~~$0.1~~$0.3 million of net cash used in investing activities was primarily related to installment payments made to a drug delivery device technology manufacturing vendor in connection with an ongoing drug delivery device technology enhancement ~~project~~project.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $6.8 million and consisted primarily of ~~$0.4 million, offset by $0.3~~$6.3 million of proceeds from the sale of ~~equipment.~~

~~During~~our common stock pursuant to the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities was minimal~~July 2020 Aspire CSPA and ~~consisted of purchases of laboratory and manufacturing equipment.~~

~~Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities~~

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $50.8 million and consisted primarily of $5.3 million of proceeds, net of underwriting fees, from closing of our March 2020 Public Offering, $5.5$0.4 million of proceeds from the exercise of common warrants associated with the March 2020 Public Offering and March 2020 Registered Direct Offering.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $15.8 million and consisted primarily of (i) $5.3 million of proceeds, net of underwriting fees, from closing of the March 2020 Public Offering, (ii) $2.9 million of proceeds from the exercise of common warrants associated with the March 2020 Public Offering, (iii) $7.3 million of proceeds, net of placement agent fees, from ~~our~~the March 2020 Registered Direct Offering, ~~$1.0 million from the entry into a promissory note for an unsecured loan under the PPP,~~ and ~~$31.9~~(iv) $0.4 million of proceeds from the sale of our common stock pursuant to the 2019 Aspire ~~CSPA, the June 2020 Aspire CSPA and the July 2020 Aspire~~ CSPA. These financing cash inflows were partially offset by ~~$0.2~~less than $0.1 million of other offering costs, including legal and professional fees, directly associated with the March 2020 Public Offering, March 2020 Registered Direct Offering and the February 2020 shelf registration statement filing.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities was $25.3 million and consisted primarily of funding received pursuant to the Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek.

Capital Requirements

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we had a total cash and cash equivalents balance of ~~$43.1~~$32.7 million and positive working capital of ~~$36.7~~$32.6 million. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents balance as of September 30, 2020, and expected contractual payments to be received in connection with existing licensing agreements, will provide us with adequate liquidity to fund our operating needs through the fourth quarter of 2021. This operating forecast and related cash projection includes the expected costs associated with a pivotal Phase 3 trial for SB206 as a treatment for molluscum, the B-SIMPLE4 trial, and development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas, but excludes any potential costs associated with other late-stage clinical development programs. Further advancement of the molluscum contagiosum (SB206) program beyond the conduct and completion of the B-SIMPLE4 trial, or advancement of any other late-stage clinical program across our platform, is subject to our ability to secure additional capital, and has been and may be further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We will need

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~~significant additional funding to make further advancements in our product development programs beyond those currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection.~~

We are utilizing our existing capital resources to fund the ongoing and near-term operating and development activities, as described in the “Priority Development Pipeline” and “Pipeline Expansion Opportunities” section above. We also expect to incur substantial costs in 2020 associated with our research and development personnel, and certain facility infrastructure and drug manufacturing capabilities to support preclinical and clinical development activities, as described in the “Business Updates” and “Corporate Updates” section, including costs associated with the primary facility lease transaction. While our operating forecast and related cash projection includes these expected costs and the costs associated with the B-SIMPLE4 trial and development activities in certain priority therapeutic areas, it excludes any potential costs associated with other new clinical stage development programs. If we were to progress other clinical stage development programs, we will need significant additional funding, including, but not limited to through (i) equity or debt financings, including through potential sales under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA; or (ii) non-dilutive sources, such as partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships. Any issuance of equity or debt that could be convertible into equity would result in significant dilution to our existing stockholders. If we continue to attempt to raise additional capital, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain it on terms acceptable to us, on a timely basis, or at all. The current market value of our common stock may negatively impact funding options and the acceptability of funding terms. A failure to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms when needed could cause us to alter or reduce our planned operating activities to conserve our cash and cash equivalents, including but not limited to delaying planned activities directly related to or in support of product candidate development. Our anticipated expenditure levels may change if we adjust our current operating plan and could impact the magnitude and/or timing of development and operating expenses and therefore our cash runway. Such actions could delay development timelines and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and market valuation. As of September 30, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $242.6 million.

We ~~anticipate that we~~ will need significant additional funding to support our planned and future operating activities and make further advancements in our product development programs beyond what is currently included in our operating forecast and related cash projection. We do not currently have sufficient funds to complete development and commercialization of any of our product candidates. Our ability to continue to ~~generate losses~~operate our business, including our ability to advance development programs unrelated to the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, as well as our ability to progress SB206 for ~~the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses~~molluscum to ~~increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates and begin any commercialization activities. We are subject to~~an NDA filing, which would occur, if at all, following completion of the ~~risks inherent in the development~~B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial, is dependent upon our ability to access additional sources of ~~new pharmaceutical products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business.~~

Adequate funding may not be available to us on terms acceptable to us, on a timely basis, or at all. The current market value of our common stock may negatively impact funding options and the acceptability of funding terms. Our failure to obtain sufficient additional funds on acceptable terms as and when needed could cause us to alter or reduce our planned operating activities,capital, including, but not limited to ~~delaying, reducing, terminating~~(i) equity or ~~eliminating planned product candidate development activities,~~debt financings, including through potential sales using the

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remaining availability under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA; or (ii) non-dilutive sources, such as ~~our current hold on most of our clinical development programs, to conserve our cash~~partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships.

Our equity issuances during the year ended December 31, 2020 and ~~cash equivalents or, ultimately, we may need to dissolve and liquidate our assets or seek protection under bankruptcy laws. Such actions could delay development timelines and~~the three months ended March 31, 2021, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and market valuation. If we are forced to terminate or eliminate our product development programs, wind down our operations, liquidate or seek bankruptcy protection, it is unclear to what extent we will be able to pay our obligations, and, accordingly, it is further unclear whether and to what extent any resources would be available for distributionsresulted in significant dilution to our ~~stockholders, whereby, our stockholders may lose some~~existing stockholders. Any future additional issuances of equity, or ~~all of their investment. If we are forced to terminate or eliminate our product development programs or pursue other strategic alternatives or corporate transactions, there can~~debt that could be ~~no assurance that such actions~~convertible into equity, would result in ~~any additional stockholder value.~~further significant dilution to our existing stockholders. Alternatively, we may seek to engage in one or more potential transactions, such as the sale of the Company, or sale or divestiture of some of our assets, such as a sale of our dermatology platform assets, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into such a transaction or transactions on a timely basis or at all or on terms that are favorable to us. If we are forced to terminate or eliminate our product development programs or pursue other strategic alternatives or corporate transactions, there can be no assurance that such actions would result in any additional stockholder value.

~~Table~~As of ~~Contents~~March 31, 2021, we had 151,653,150 shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, as of March 31, 2021, we had reserved 15,856,608 shares of common stock for future issuance related to (i) outstanding warrants to purchase common stock; (ii) outstanding stock options and stock appreciation rights; and (iii) future issuance under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan. As of December 31, 2020, we had 145,700,091 shares of our common stock outstanding, with an additional 16,903,031 reserved for future issuance. Our common stock consists of 200,000,000 authorized shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. On May 4, 2021, we held the Annual Meeting. At the Annual Meeting, our stockholders did not approve the proposal to amend our restated certificate of incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of our common stock from 200,000,000 to 250,000,000 shares. Because our stockholders did not approve an increase in authorized shares, without implementing a potential reverse stock split that would reduce the number of outstanding shares of our common stock and thereby increase the shares available for issuance, we may not have the ability to raise additional capital as needed to support development, regulatory approval and potential commercialization of our product candidates. Previously at the 2020 Annual Meeting, our stockholders approved a proposal to amend our restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio of not less than one-for-two and not more than one-for-fifteen, with such ratio and the implementation and timing of such reverse stock split to be determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion, and our board of directors will still have the authority to effect a reverse stock split until July 28, 2021, if, in its sole discretion, our board of directors determines that effecting a reverse stock split is in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain new funding on terms acceptable to us, on a timely basis, or at all. Our failure to obtain sufficient additional funds on acceptable terms as and when needed could cause us to alter or reduce our planned operating activities, including but not limited to delaying, reducing, terminating or eliminating planned product candidate development activities, to conserve our cash and cash equivalents. Such actions could delay development timelines and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and market valuation. If we are not able to secure additional financing and are unable to reduce our expenditures sufficiently, we may be forced to terminate or eliminate our product development programs, wind down our operations, liquidate or seek bankruptcy protection. In that event, it is unclear to what extent we would be able to pay our obligations, and, accordingly, it is further unclear whether and to what extent any resources would be available for distributions to our stockholders, whereby, our stockholders may lose some or all of their investment. A failure to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms when needed, including the inability to utilize the remaining amount available under the July 2020 Aspire CSPA, could cause us to alter or reduce our planned operating activities, including but not limited to delaying planned activities directly related to or in support of product candidate development, to conserve our cash and cash equivalents. Our anticipated expenditure levels may change if we adjust our current operating plan. Such actions could delay development timelines and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and market valuation.

We have based our projections of operating capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect and we may use all of our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, we are unable to estimate the exact amount or timing of our operating capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

•the initiation, progress, timing, costs, results, and evaluation of results of trials for our clinical-stage product candidates, including trials conducted by us or potential future partners;

•the progress, timing, costs and results of development and preclinical study activities relating to other potential applications of our nitric oxide platform;

•the number and characteristics of product candidates that we pursue;

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•our ability to enter into strategic relationships to support the continued development of certain product candidates and the success of those arrangements;

•our success in optimizing the size and capability of our new manufacturing ~~capabilities~~facility and related processes to meet our strategic objectives;

•our success in the technical transfer of methods and processes related to our drug substance and drug product manufacturing with our current and/or potential future contract manufacturing partners;

•the outcome, timing and costs of seeking regulatory approvals;

•the occurrence and timing of potential development and regulatory milestones achieved by Sato, our licensee for SB204 and SB206 in Japan;

•the terms and timing of any future collaborations, licensing, consulting, financing or other arrangements that we may enter into;

•the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make, or that we may receive, in connection with the licensing, filing, prosecution, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights;

•the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and protecting our intellectual property rights;

•defending against intellectual property related claims;

•the costs associated with any potential future securities litigation, and the outcome of that litigation;

•the extent to which we in-license or acquire other products and technologies; and

•subject to receipt of marketing approval, revenue received from commercial sales or out licensing of our product candidates.

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Contractual Obligations and Contingent Liabilities

Except for ~~compensatory obligations~~entering into the TBC Lease, as described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Corporate Updates” section in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies” ~~and the Loan we received under the PPP described in “Note 9—Paycheck Protection Program”~~ to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, there were no material changes during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 in our commitments under contractual obligations, as disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our Annual Report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules.

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act)

In April 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an “emerging growth company.” As an “emerging growth company,” we are electing not to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act for the implementation of new or revised accounting standards, and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth public companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision not to take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. We have chosen to rely on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company” we are not required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley ~~Act,~~Act; (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank ~~Act,~~Act; and (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis) and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation-related items, such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the ~~chief executive officer’s~~Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. We may remain an emerging growth company until the last day of 2021. However, if certain events occur prior to such date, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenue equals or exceeds $1.07 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company prior to such date.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting ~~principles, or U.S. GAAP.~~principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. These items are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in “Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” to our audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report. ~~Except for~~During the ~~following matters, during the nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, there were no ~~other~~ material changes to our critical accounting policies.

~~Assessment of Long-Lived Assets for Held-for-Sale Classification and Potential Impairment; Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis~~

As described in “Note 14—Assets Held for Sale, Impairment Charges” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, we evaluated all of our long-lived assets for potential for held for sale classification and potential impairment as of June 29, 2020. This evaluation, which included the conduct of nonrecurring fair value measurements pursuant to FASB ASC 820, ~~Fair Value Measurements, required the use of significant judgments and estimates.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

The carrying values of long-lived assets within disposal groups that met the criteria to be classified as held for sale were adjusted to equal the disposal groups’ fair value less cost to sell. Quoted or estimated selling prices were used to estimate the fair value of the disposal group assets, which were determined to be Level 2 or Level 3 inputs within the fair value measurement hierarchy in ASC 820, respectively.

Long-lived assets in certain asset groups that remained classified as held and used were assessed for potential impairment. For those asset groups that had indicators of impairment and failed a test of recoverability, their carrying value was adjusted to equal their estimated fair value. For the asset group consisting of a right-of-use lease asset, leasehold improvements and other property affixed to the Morrisville, North Carolina facility, we determined that the lease terms established in the new tenant’s prime lease of the Morrisville, North Carolina facility were representative of the asset group’s highest and best use and were consistent with market terms; therefore, such terms were considered to be the best available valuation inputs for the fair value estimate, and such inputs were determined to be Level 3 inputs within the fair value measurement hierarchy. For the asset group consisting of other property and equipment not directly associated with our continuing research, development and pilot scale drug manufacturing capabilities, we determined that a market participant was unlikely to pay any material value for such assets and therefore we determined that their fair value was zero. The inputs used to estimate fair value of this asset group were determined to be Level 3 inputs within the fair value measurement hierarchy. Given the impairment recorded among our long-lived assets, it is reasonably possible that changes in judgments and assumptions we used to estimate the fair value of such assets or other circumstances, including changes in our intended use of such assets, could cause us to consider some portion or all of the remaining long-lived assets to become impaired.

~~Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements~~

On May 14, 2020, the Audit Committee of our board of directors, in consultation with management and BDO USA, LLP, concluded that, because of a misapplication of the accounting guidance applicable to the warrants we issued in January 2018, our previously issued consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, and all quarterly periods of 2019 and 2018, or the Affected Periods, should no longer be relied upon. On May 20, 2020, we restated our consolidated financial statements for all Affected Periods in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. As such, the comparative information provided for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 contained in the results of operations discussed above reflect these previously restated amounts.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently issued accounting pronouncements that we have adopted or are currently evaluating are described in detail within “Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to a company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

~~Table~~As of ~~Contents~~

~~Our~~March 31, 2021, our management, with the participation of our principal executive and financial officers, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~September 30, 2020,~~ the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon such evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date at the reasonable assurance level. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. ~~Based upon such evaluation,~~

Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weakness

As described in our ~~principal executive and financial officers have concluded because~~prior periodic filings, as of ~~the previously~~December 31, 2020, we reported a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting ~~discussed below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date at the reasonable assurance level.~~

~~Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weakness~~

~~Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as~~(as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of these inherent limitations, management does not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2020, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2019Act) because of a material weakness in internal control related to the accounting for significant and unusual transactions.

Our remediation efforts began in the first quarter of 2020 and continued through the fourth quarter of 2020. We have devoted ~~and plan to continue to devote,~~ significant efforts and resources to the remediation ~~plan for~~of the previously reported material weakness ~~described in our prior periodic filings~~ and to the improvement of our internal control over financial ~~reporting.~~reporting generally. While we have processes to identify and apply accounting guidance pertaining to significant and unusual transactions, we have ~~begun and plan to continue to enhance~~enhanced the design of control activities that we anticipate will better enable our understanding of the nuances of increasingly complex accounting standards and their application. WeIn addition, we have ~~initiated the following changes~~hired additional personnel in our ~~internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2020:~~

•accounting department with technical expertise to assist in accounting for significant and unusual transactions, expanded access to accounting research ~~databases;~~databases and

•enhanced assessment, scoping and involvement of highly qualified consultative third party professionals regarding potentially complex accounting matters.

~~As we continue~~In the first quarter of 2021, after allowing the previously described control activities to ~~evaluate~~operate for multiple reporting periods, our management concluded that the control activities were operating effectively. Based on the evidence obtained in validating the design and ~~work to remediate this~~operational effectiveness of the implemented control, our principal executive and financial officers have concluded the previously reported material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting ~~we may determine to take additional measures to address the material weakness or determine to supplement or modify certain~~has been remediated as of the remediation efforts described above. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.

~~Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements~~

~~On May 14, 2020, we revised our prior position on accounting for warrants and concluded that our previously issued consolidated financial statements for the year ended December~~March 31, 2018, and all quarterly periods of 2019 and 2018, or the Affected Periods, should not be relied upon because of a misapplication in the guidance on warrant accounting. On May 20, 2020, we restated our consolidated financial statements for all Affected Periods in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.2021.

(b) Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

~~Except for~~Other than the ~~changes~~continued operation of certain control activities described above to remediate the previously reported material weakness, there have been no ~~significant~~ changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and are not aware of any claims or actions pending ~~or threatened~~ against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial statements. In the future, we may from time to time become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from our ordinary course of business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report, except as follows:

~~We have restated our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, and all quarterly periods of 2019 and 2018, which may lead~~In order to raise additional ~~risks and uncertainties, including loss of investor confidence and negative impacts on our stock price.~~

On May 14, 2020, we concluded that, because of a misapplication of the accounting guidance applicable to the warrants we issued in January 2018, our previously issued consolidated financial statements for the Affected Periods should no longer be relied upon. As such, we determined that we would restate our consolidated financial statements for each of the Affected Periods and that we would revise our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 in connection with the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the Affected Periods, which we did on May 20, 2020. As a result of these events, we have become subject to a number of additional costs and risks, including unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees in connection with the restatement and the remediation of our ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and material weakness in internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the attention of our management team has been diverted by these efforts. We could be subject to additional stockholder, regulatory or other actions in connection with the restatement or other matters. If any such actions occur, they will, regardless of the outcome, consume a significant amount of management’s time and attention and may result in additional legal, accounting, insurance and other costs. If we do not prevail in any such proceedings, we could be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs. In addition, the restatement and related matters could impair our reputation or could cause our counterparties to lose confidence in us. Each of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness could continue to adversely affect our ability to report our results of operations and financial condition accurately and in a timely manner.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our management is likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses identified through such evaluation in those internal controls. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In connection with the restatement described above, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls related to the accounting for significant and unusual transactions. As a result of this material weakness, in our Annual Report on

Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2020, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2019.

To respond to this material weakness, we have devoted, and plan to continue to devote, significant effort and resources to the remediation and improvement of our internal control over financial reporting. While we have processes to identify and appropriately apply applicable accounting requirements, we plan to enhance these processes to better evaluate our research and understanding of the nuances of the complex accounting standards that apply to our consolidated financial statements. Our plans at this time include (i) providing expanded access to accounting research databases; and (ii) enhanced assessment, scoping and involvement of highly qualified consultative third party professionals regarding potentially complex accounting matters. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects. For a discussion of management’s consideration of the material weakness identified related to the accounting for a significant and unusual transactions, see Part I, Item 4: Controls and Procedures included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Any failure to maintain such internal control could adversely impact our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis. If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our common stock is listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. In either case, there could result a material adverse effect on our business. Failure to timely file will cause us to be ineligible to utilize short form registration statements on Form S-3 or Form S-4, which may impair our ability to obtain capital in a timely fashion to execute our business strategies or issue shares to effect an acquisition. Inferior internal control could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.

~~We can give no assurance that the measures we have taken and plan to take~~ in the future ~~will remediate the material weakness identified or that any additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due~~ to ~~a failure to implement~~support development, regulatory approval and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. In addition, even if we are successful in strengthening our controls and procedures, in the future those controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our consolidated financial statements.

~~Our operations have been impacted by and we may face further business disruption and related risks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic which could have a material adverse effect on our business.~~

The novel strain of a virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), or coronavirus, which causes novel coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has spread globally and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place orders, and shutdowns. Moreover, even where restrictions are and remain lifted, the absence of viable treatment options or a vaccine could lead people to continue to self-isolate and not participate in the economy at pre-pandemic levels for a prolonged period of time. The COVID-19 pandemic, and the mitigation measures and uncertainty resulting from it, have had and will likely continue to have an adverse impact on economic, public health and behavioral conditions in the United States and worldwide, which in each case could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition, including impairing our ability to raise capital when needed or on terms that are favorable to us.

~~The timetable for development~~potential commercialization of our product candidates, ~~has been impacted and~~we will need to increase the number of shares authorized under our restated certificate of incorporation and/or implement a reverse stock split to authorize us to issue additional shares of common stock. Without the ability to raise additional capital, we will be required to restrict our operations or relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates or pursue debt financing, which may ~~face further disruption and our business could~~not be further adversely affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. As disclosed in greater detail in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—COVID-19 Overview,”available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

Until such time, if ever, as we have implemented protocols and other measures to continue our critical business functions, maximize employee safety and account for potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in our B-SIMPLE4 trial design. Nonetheless, we are continuing to assess our business plans and the impact COVID-19 may have oncan generate substantial product revenues, our ability to ~~conduct~~continue to operate our ~~planned preclinical studies and clinical trials, most of which also remain subject to available funding,~~business, including our ability to ~~recruit patients to participate in clinical trials and access sites and investigators to conduct~~advance our ~~clinical trials, and~~development programs, is dependent upon our ability to ~~rely~~access additional capital through non-dilutive sources, including partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships, and/or through the issuance of debt or equity securities.

Our common stock currently consists of 200,000,000 authorized shares. As of March 31, 2021, we had 151,653,150 shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, as of March 31, 2021, we had reserved 15,856,608 shares of common stock for future issuance related to (i) outstanding warrants to purchase common stock, (ii) outstanding stock options and stock appreciation rights, and (iii) future issuance under the Novan, Inc. 2016 Incentive Award Plan.

Under our restated certificate of incorporation, increasing the number of shares authorized under our restated certificate of incorporation requires the approval of our stockholders. On May 4, 2021, we held the Annual Meeting, at which our stockholders did not approve the proposal to amend our restated certificate of incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of our common stock from 200,000,000 to 250,000,000 shares. Previously at the 2020 Annual Meeting, our stockholders approved a proposal to amend our restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio of not less than one-for-two and not more than one-for-fifteen, with such ratio and the implementation and timing of such reverse stock split to be determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion, and our board of directors will still have the authority to effect a reverse stock split until July 28, 2021, if, in its sole discretion, our board of directors determines that effecting a reverse stock split is in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders. Because our stockholders did not approve the proposed increase in authorized shares, without implementing a potential reverse stock split, which would reduce the number of outstanding shares of our common stock and thereby increase the number of shares available for issuance, we may not have the ability to raise additional capital as needed to support development, regulatory approval and potential commercialization of our product candidates, or we may be required to pursue debt financing.

Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants requiring that we place liens on some or all of our ~~current and future third-party relationships (including with third-party manufacturers, vendors, and strategic partners).~~assets or limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, effecting a change in control or declaring dividends. There can be no assurance that ~~this analysis~~we will ~~enable~~be able to obtain additional capital on terms acceptable to us, to avoid part or all of any impact from the spread of COVID-19 or its consequences, including downturns in business sentiment generally or in our sector in particular. In particular, COVID-19 impacted the timing of trial initiation of our B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial for SB206, and we are assessing any further impact of COVID-19 on the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial for SB206, including delay, postponement or other impacts to the trial. We may face difficulties and/or delays with site initiation and patient enrollment for the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial for SB206 or our other planned preclinical or clinical trials if (i) the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reduced as a result of the various measures implemented by authorities to try to contain COVID-19, (ii) the patient populations that are eligible for our planned clinical trials are impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, or (iii) if healthcare resources continue to be prioritized toward the COVID-19 pandemic. Because the greatest incidence of molluscum is in children aged one to 14 years, school and child care center closures or reliance on virtual learning could impact our ability to conduct the B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 trial for SB206. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to affect the business of the FDA or other health authorities, which could result in delays in our interactions with the FDA related to our planned clinical trials.

If we or any future third-parties with whom we partner (including manufacturers, vendors, strategic partners, clinical trial sites, and CROs), or the FDA or other health authorities, experience delays or other disruptions, inefficiencies or other adverse impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to conduct our business and operations could be further adversely affected, which could prevent or delay us continuing development of our product candidates, and ultimately of reviews and approvals of our product candidates. The extent to which COVID-19 and global efforts to contain its spread will impact our business including our operations, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, and include the duration, severity, and scope of

~~Table of Contents~~

~~the pandemic, including the timing and availability of treatment options or a vaccine, and the actions taken by other parties, such as governmental authorities, to contain and treat COVID-19.~~

~~Our evaluation and potential pursuit of strategic and financial alternatives may result in significant transaction expenses and could adversely impact our business and our stock price.~~

On April 20, 2020, we announced that we are evaluating strategic and financial alternatives focused on maximizing stockholder value, and we have engaged H.C. Wainwright to assist in that process. We have not stated a definitive timeline for completion of this process, and there can be no assurance that this process will result in the Company pursuing any strategic or financial alternatives, or that a strategic or financial alternative, if any, would be completed successfullytimely basis or at all. Moreover, there can be no assurance that any such strategic or financial alternative, if completed, will yield additional stockholder value. Our board of directors may determine to suspend or terminate our evaluation of strategic or financial alternatives, or any pursuit of such alternatives, at any time due to various factors. In addition, our evaluation and pursuit of any strategic or financial alternatives is dependent upon a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including among other factors, market conditions, travel restrictions, industry trends, regulatory limitations, the interest of third parties in our business and the availability of financing to potential strategic partners on reasonable terms.

Further, the process of evaluating and pursuing strategic and financial alternatives, the public announcement of such process or any decision or transaction resulting from such process could adversely impact our business and our stock price. We may devote a significant amount of time and resources to evaluating and pursuing potential strategic and financial alternatives, which could result in the diversion of management’s attention from our existing business and focus on our current strategy. In connection with the evaluation and potential pursuit of any strategic and/or financial alternatives, we may incur significant transaction expenses (including equity compensation, severance pay and legal, accounting and financial advisory fees); fail to retain or attract key personnel; or fail to strengthen or maintain our business and relationships with our existing partners and vendors. As a result, we may fail to achieve objectives related to the development of our clinical product candidates or other operational objectives, which may have a material adverse effect on our business.

We do not intend to discuss or disclose developments or provide updates on the progress or status of this process unless and until it has been completed, or our board of directors has concluded that disclosure is appropriate or required. As such, perceived uncertainties related to the future of the Company and speculation regarding the evaluation and potential pursuit of any strategic and/or financial alternatives and related developments may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain key personnel and business partners or cause our stock price to fluctuate significantly.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are being filed herewith or are being incorporated by reference and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

EXHIBIT NO.

DESCRIPTION

Filed Herewith

FORM

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

EXHIBIT NO.

DESCRIPTION

Filed Herewith

FORM

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

4.1

Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 21, 2020, between Novan, Inc. and Aspire Capital Fund, LLC.

8-K

001-37880

4.1

July 22, 2020

10.1

Letter Amendment, dated August 20 , 2020, to the Paycheck Protection Term Note, dated April 22, 2020, in favor of PNC Bank, National Association

10.1*

Lease, dated as of January 18, 2021, by and between Novan, Inc. and Copper II 2020, LLC, and as amended by the First Amendment to Lease as of March 18, 2021.

10.2

Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated July 21, 2020, between Novan, Inc. and Aspire Ca p ital Fund, LLC.

8-K

001-37880

10.1

July 22, 2020

10.2

Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy.

8-K

001-37880

10.1

March 2, 2021

10.3

Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy.

8-K

001-37880

10.1

September 24, 2020

10.4

Employment Agreement, dated September 23, 2020, by and between Novan, Inc. and John M. Gay.

8-K

001-37880

10.2

September 24, 2020

10.5

Lease Termination Agreement, dated July 16, 2020, by and between Novan, Inc. and Durham Hopson, LLC.

10.6

Form of Director and Executive Officer Indemnification Agreement

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document.

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL Instance document included in Exhibit 101.

* Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished to the SEC upon request.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE~~

~~EXHIBIT NO.~~

~~DESCRIPTION~~

~~Filed Herewith~~

~~FORM~~

~~File No.~~

~~Exhibit~~

~~Filing Date~~

~~101.SCH~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.~~

~~101.CAL~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.~~

~~101.DEF~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document.~~

~~101.LAB~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.~~

~~101.PRE~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.~~

~~104~~

~~Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL Instance document included in Exhibit 101.~~

7560

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Novan, Inc.

By:						/s/ Paula Brown Stafford
						Paula Brown Stafford
						Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
						(Principal Executive Officer)

						/s/ John M. Gay
						John M. Gay
						Chief Financial Officer
						(Principal Financial Officer)

						/s/ Andrew J. Novak
						Andrew J. Novak
						Vice President, Accounting and Business Operations
						(Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: ~~October 30, 2020~~May 11, 2021

7661


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
				Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock
	Common Stock							Accumulated
	Shares	Amount						Deficit		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019	26,734,800	$	3	$	197,853	$	(155)	$	(219,984)	$	(22,283)
Share-based compensation	—	—		385		—		—		385
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to public offering, net	15,498,602	2		5,156		—		—		5,158
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to public offering	4,333,334	0		0		—		—		0
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to registered direct offering, net	10,550,000	1		7,224		—		—		7,225
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to registered direct offering	4,602,326	0		0		—		—		0
Exercise of common stock warrants	9,600,000	1		2,879		—		—		2,880
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreement	700,000	0		442		—		—		442

Net loss	—	—		—		—		(6,167)		(6,167)
Balance as of March 31, 2020	72,019,062	$	7	$	213,939	$	(155)	$	(226,151)	$	(12,360)
Share-based compensation	—	—		335		—		—		335
Exercise of pre-funded warrants related to registered direct offering	3,452,326	0		0		—		—		0
Exercise of common stock warrants	8,610,667	1		2,582		—		—		2,583

Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreements	35,339,992	4		17,487		—		—		17,491
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(8,086)		(8,086)
Balance as of June 30, 2020	119,422,047	$	12	$	234,343	$	(155)	$	(234,237)	$	(37)
Share-based compensation	—	—		147		—		—		147
Exercise of common stock warrants	248,500	0		75		—		—		75
Exercise of stock options	11,500	0		5		—		—		5
Common stock issued pursuant to common stock purchase agreement	21,831,744	2		15,666		—		—		15,668
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(8,405)		(8,405)
Balance as of September 30, 2020	141,513,791	$	14	$	250,236	$	(155)	$	(242,642)	$	7,453


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements