UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019


¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-34753

GenMark Diagnostics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	27-2053069
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5964 La Place Court Carlsbad, California	92008-8829
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 760-448-4300



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	GNMK	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to ~~submit and post such files)~~submit). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange ~~Act (Check one):~~Act:



Large accelerated filer	¨		Accelerated filer	x¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	~~(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)~~	Smaller reporting company	¨x
Emerging growth company	¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock on ~~April 25,~~August 1, 2019 was ~~57,028,553.~~57,439,332.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2224
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	2831
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2831
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	2932
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	2932
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	2945
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	2945
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	2945
Item 5.	Other Information	2945
Item 6.	Exhibits	3046

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value)


	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS:
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,304		$	36,286		$	23,733		$	36,286
Short-term marketable securities	13,118			8,882			17,627			8,882
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $75 and $75, respectively	9,168			11,534
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $107 and $75, respectively							6,756			11,534
Inventories, net	9,391			10,244			9,912			10,244
Current operating lease right-of-use assets	1,260			—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,396			1,483			2,085			1,483
Total current assets	69,637			68,429			60,113			68,429

Property and equipment, net	19,927			21,070			18,927			21,070
Intangible assets, net	1,875			2,023			1,727			2,023
Restricted cash	758			758			758			758
Noncurrent operating lease right-of-use assets	3,734			—			4,883			—
Other long-term assets	729			701			766			701
Total assets	$	96,660		$	92,981		$	87,174		$	92,981

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	8,508		$	9,886		$	8,390		$	9,886
Accrued compensation	5,111			7,358			5,349			7,358
Current operating lease liability	1,801			—			1,815			—
Other current liabilities	2,321			3,043			2,167			3,043
Total current liabilities	17,741			20,287			17,721			20,287

Deferred rent	—			2,996			—			2,996
Long-term debt	47,821			36,042			48,271			36,042
Noncurrent operating lease liability	6,591			—			6,339			—
Other noncurrent liabilities	70			109			62			109
Total liabilities	72,223			59,434			72,393			59,434

Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000 authorized, none issued	—			—			—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 authorized; 57,026 and 56,240 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	6			6
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 authorized; 57,430 and 56,240 shares issued and outstanding, respectively							6			6
Additional paid-in capital	503,318			500,344			506,949			500,344
Accumulated deficit	(478,963		)	(466,883		)	(492,271		)	(466,883		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	76			80			97			80
Total stockholders’ equity	24,437			33,547			14,781			33,547
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	96,660		$	92,981		$	87,174		$	92,981

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	21,371		$	20,576		$	18,220		$	14,867		$	39,591		$	35,443
License and other revenue	162			69			154			74			316			143
Total revenue	21,533			20,645			18,374			14,941			39,907			35,586
Cost of revenue	15,670			16,480			11,801			10,527			27,471			27,007
Gross profit	5,863			4,165			6,573			4,414			12,436			8,579
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	5,909			5,402			5,803			5,187			11,712			10,589
General and administrative	4,521			4,133			4,931			4,547			9,452			8,680
Research and development	6,343			5,420			7,749			10,482			14,092			15,902
Total operating expenses	16,773			14,955			18,483			20,216			35,256			35,171
Loss from operations	(10,910		)	(10,790		)	(11,910		)	(15,802		)	(22,820		)	(26,592		)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	133			187			179			202			312			389
Interest expense	(1,276		)	(788		)	(1,528		)	(797		)	(2,804		)	(1,585		)
Other income (expense)	(11		)	(12		)	(4		)	(90		)	(15		)	(102		)
Total other income (expense)	(1,154		)	(613		)	(1,353		)	(685		)	(2,507		)	(1,298		)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(12,064		)	(11,403		)	(13,263		)	(16,487		)	(25,327		)	(27,890		)
Income tax expense	16			20			45			34			61			54
Net loss	$	(12,080	)	$	(11,423	)	$	(13,308	)	$	(16,521	)	$	(25,388	)	$	(27,944	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.50	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted	56,581			55,205			57,171			55,547			56,878			55,377

Other comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(12,080	)	$	(11,423	)	$	(13,308	)	$	(16,521	)	$	(25,388	)	$	(27,944	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(6		)	34			15			(14		)	9			20
Net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net of tax	2			8
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(4		)	42
Net unrealized gains on marketable securities, net of tax							6			15			8			23
Total other comprehensive income							21			1			17			43
Total comprehensive loss	$	(12,084	)	$	(11,381	)	$	(13,287	)	$	(16,520	)	$	(25,371	)	$	(27,901	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(12,080	)	$	(11,423	)	$	(25,388	)	$	(27,944	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,812			1,740			3,616			3,507
Net amortization/(accretion) of premiums/discounts on investments	(21		)	(42		)	(98		)	(78		)
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	366			290			816			583
Stock-based compensation	2,544			2,724			5,711			5,799
Provision for bad debt							46			34
Non-cash inventory adjustments	634			449			897			809
Other non-cash adjustments	(16		)	84			125			(13		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	2,355			2,566			4,720			3,501
Inventories	(131		)	(526		)	(1,387		)	353
Prepaid expenses and other assets	—			760			(784		)	340
Accounts payable	(1,043		)	(1,361		)	(1,143		)	(1,853		)
Accrued compensation	(2,475		)	(992		)	(2,490		)	(853		)
Other current and non-current liabilities	(126		)	(321		)	(257		)	(622		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,181		)	(6,052		)	(15,616		)	(16,437		)
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(333		)	(465		)	(467		)	(924		)
Purchases of marketable securities	(12,014		)	(7,900		)	(19,440		)	(23,622		)
Maturities of marketable securities	7,800			18,000			10,800			42,600
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(4,547		)	9,635
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities							(9,107		)	18,054
Financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock							464			535
Principal repayment of borrowings	(35,116		)	(22		)	(35,140		)	(45		)
Proceeds from borrowings	50,000			—			50,000			—
Payments associated with debt issuance	(3,588		)	(20		)	(3,588		)	(20		)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	430			17			432			22
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	11,726			(25		)
Net cash provided by financing activities							12,168			492
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	20			(34		)	2			28
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(982		)	3,524			(12,553		)	2,137
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year	37,044			27,512			37,044			27,512
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	36,062		$	31,036		$	24,491		$	29,649
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of systems (from) to property and equipment into (from) inventory	$	351		$	569
Transfer of systems to property and equipment from inventory							$	822		$	956
Property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	36		$	147		$	18		$	168
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	44		$	33		$	104		$	113
Cash paid for interest	$	761		$	508		$	1,837		$	1,003

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019

(In thousands)


	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss				Accumulated deficit				Total stockholders' equity			Common Stock						Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
	Shares	Par Value				Shares					Accumulated deficit			Par Value										Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
Balance—December 31, 2018	56,240	6		Additional paid-in capital		500,344				80				(466,883			)		33,547
Balance—March 31, 2019																		57,026			6			503,318			76			(478,963		)	24,437
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		2,544			Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—				—			Total stockholders' equity		2,544			—			—			3,167			—			—			3,167
Issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares																		105			—			464			—			—			464
Restricted stock awards issued, net of cancellations	715	—		—			—				—				—			299			—			—			—			—			—
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans	71	—		430			—				—				430
Net loss	—	—		—			—				(12,080		)		(12,080		)	—			—			—			—			(13,308		)	(13,308		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			(6		)		—				(6		)	—			—			—			15			—			15
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	—	—		—			2				—				2			—			—			—			6			—			6
Balance—March 31, 2019	57,026	$	6	$	503,318		$	76			$	(478,963	)		$	24,437
Balance—June 30, 2019																		57,430			$	6		$	506,949		$	97		$	(492,271	)	$	14,781

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

(In thousands)


	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Accumulated deficit				Total stockholders' equity			Common Stock						Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
	Shares	Par Value				Shares				Accumulated deficit			Par Value										Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
Balance—December 31, 2017	55,066	6		Additional paid-in capital		487,525			8				(416,385			)		71,154
Balance—March 31, 2018																	55,412			6			490,306			50			(427,808		)	62,554
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		2,724			Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			—			Total stockholders' equity		2,724			—			—			3,075			—			—			3,075
Issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares																	134			—			535			—			—			535
Restricted stock awards issued, net of cancellations	342	—		—			—			—				—			206			—			—			—			—			—
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans	4	—		17			—			—				17			1			—			5			—			—			5
Net loss	—	—		—			—			(11,423		)		(11,423		)	—			—			—			—			(16,521		)	(16,521		)
Reimbursement of offering costs	—	—		40			—			—				40
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			34			—				34			—			—			—			(14		)	—			(14		)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	—	—		—			8			—				8			—			—			—			15			—			15
Balance—March 31, 2018	55,412	$	6	$	490,306		$	50		$	(427,808	)		$	62,554
Balance—June 30, 2018																	55,753			$	6		$	493,921		$	51		$	(444,329	)	$	49,649

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019

(In thousands)



	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
	Shares	Par Value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
Balance—December 31, 2018	56,240	6		500,344		80		(466,883		)	33,547
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5,711		—		—			5,711
Issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares	105	—		464		—		—			464
Restricted stock awards issued, net of cancellations	1,014	—		—		—		—			—
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans	71	—		430		—		—			430
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(25,388		)	(25,388		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		9		—			9
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	—	—		—		8		—			8
Balance—June 30, 2019	57,430	$	6	$	506,949	$	97	$	(492,271	)	$	14,781

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

(In thousands)



	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
	Shares	Par Value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
Balance—December 31, 2017	55,066	6		487,525		8		(416,385		)	71,154
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5,799		—		—			5,799
Issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares	134	—		535		—		—			535
Restricted stock awards issued, net of cancellations	548	—		—		—		—			—
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans	5	—		22		—		—			22
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(27,944		)	(27,944		)
Reimbursement of offering costs	—	—		40		—		—			40
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		20		—			20
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	—	—		—		23		—			23
Balance—June 30, 2018	55,753	$	6	$	493,921	$	51	$	(444,329	)	$	49,649

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

GenMark Diagnostics, Inc., the Company or GenMark, was formed by Osmetech plc as a Delaware corporation in February 2010, and had no operations prior to its initial public offering, which was completed in June 2010. The Company is a provider of multiplex molecular diagnostic solutions designed to enhance patient care, improve key quality metrics, and reduce the total cost-of-care.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and applicable regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2019. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Interim period operating results may not be indicative of the operating results for the full year or any future period.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception and had an accumulated deficit of ~~$478,963,000~~$492,271,000 as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019. The Company's ability to transition to profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure through expanding its product offerings and consequently increasing its product revenues. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the Company had available cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of ~~$48,422,000~~$41,360,000 and working capital of ~~$51,896,000~~$42,392,000 available to fund future operations. The Company has prepared cash flow forecasts which indicate, based on the Company's current cash resources available and working capital, that the Company will have sufficient resources to fund its operations for at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the notes thereto. The Company’s significant estimates included in the preparation of the financial statements are related to accounts receivable, inventories, property and equipment, leases, intangible assets, employee-related compensation accruals, warranty liabilities, tax valuation accounts, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company changed its estimate of the forfeiture rate used to determine stock-based compensation expense based upon recent employment history. The change in forfeiture rate resulted in an additional $174,000 in stock-based compensation expense during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Segment Information

The Company currently operates in one reportable business segment, which encompasses the development, manufacturing, sales and support of instruments and molecular tests based on its proprietary eSensor® detection technology. Substantially all of the Company’s operations and assets are in the United States.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date.

In June 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), which simplifies the accounting for non-employee share-based payment transactions. The new standard expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within that fiscal year), with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this new standard in the second quarter of 2018 and determined its application did not have a material impact on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which outlines a comprehensive lease accounting model and supersedes the ~~current~~existing lease guidance. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use, or ROU, assets for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months. The guidance also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. The new guidance must be adopted using the modified retrospective approach and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted the new standard in the first quarter of 2019 using the package of transition practical expedients. The Company recognized ~~current and~~ non-current ROU assets of ~~$1,261,000 and $3,836,000, respectively,~~$5,097,000 and current and non-current lease liabilities of $1,780,000 and $6,832,000, respectively, upon adoption. Deferred rent is now presented as an offset to the Company's ~~current and~~ non-current operating lease ROU assets. The new lease standard did not have a material impact on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, cash flows, or stockholders' equity.

Revenue

The Company recognizes revenue from operations through the sale of products and other services. Product revenue comprises the sale of diagnostic tests and ~~instruments.~~instruments, as well as related services.

Revenue is recognized when control of products and services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive from the customer in exchange for those products and services. This process involves identifying the contract with the customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or service to the customer, meaning the customer has the ability to use and obtain the benefit of the good or service. The Company recognizes revenue for satisfied performance obligations only when it determines there are no uncertainties regarding payment terms or transfer of control.

Revenue from product sales is recognized generally upon shipment to the end customer, which is when control of the product is deemed to be transferred. Invoicing typically occurs upon shipment and the term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Revenue from instrument services is recognized as the services are rendered, typically evenly over the contract term.

Revenue is recorded net of discounts and sales taxes collected on behalf of governmental authorities. Employee sales commissions are recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses when incurred or amortized over the estimated contract term when resulting from new contract acquisition efforts.

The Company allocates contract price to each performance obligation in proportion to its stand-alone selling price. The stand-alone selling price is determined by the Company's best estimate of stand-alone selling price using average selling prices over a rolling 12-month period along with a specific assessment of any unique circumstances of the contract. For those products for which there is limited sales history, the Company makes price ~~determination~~determinations based on similar product sales data.

The following table represents disaggregated revenue by source (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue Source:
ePlex product revenue	$	15,651	$	11,922	$	12,035	$	7,092	$	27,686	$	19,014
XT-8 product revenue	5,720		8,654		6,185		7,775		11,905		16,429
Total product revenue	21,371		20,576		18,220		14,867		39,591		35,443
License and other revenue	162		69		154		74		316		143
Total revenue	$	21,533	$	20,645	$	18,374	$	14,941	$	39,907	$	35,586

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks, money market instruments and certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Marketable securities consist of certificates of deposits that mature in greater than three months. Marketable securities are accounted for as "available-for-sale" with the carrying amounts

reported in the balance sheets stated at cost, which approximates their fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses, if any, reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity and included in comprehensive loss.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts designated for uses other than current operations and ~~comprised~~was $758,000 as of both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, held as security for the Company’s letter of credit with Banc of California.

Receivables

Accounts receivable consist of amounts due to the Company for sales to customers and are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based on an assessment of the collectability of specific customer accounts, the aging of accounts receivable, and a reserve for unknown items based upon the Company’s historical experience.

Product Warranties

The Company generally offers a one year warranty for its instruments sold to customers and typically up to a ~~sixty day~~sixty-day warranty for consumables. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty reserves include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty repairs, and the cost per repair. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its warranty reserve and adjusts the amount as appropriate.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets ~~comprise~~consists of licenses or sublicenses to technology covered by patents owned by third parties, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected useful lives of these assets, which is generally ten years. Amortization of licenses typically begins upon the Company obtaining access to the licensed technology and is recorded in cost of revenues for licenses supporting commercialized products. The amortization of licenses to technology supporting products in development is recorded in research and development expenses.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, by periodically evaluating the carrying value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If impairment is indicated, the Company writes down the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value. This fair value is primarily determined based on estimated discounted cash flows.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value and include direct labor, materials, and manufacturing overhead. The Company periodically reviews inventory for evidence of slow-moving or obsolete parts, and writes inventory down to net realizable value, as needed. This write-down is based on management’s review of inventories on hand, compared to estimated future usage and sales, shelf-life assumptions, and assumptions about the likelihood of obsolescence. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the Company, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventory impairment charges establish a new cost basis for inventory and charges are not reversed subsequently to income, even if circumstances later suggest that increased carrying amounts are recoverable.

Property and Equipment, net

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are identified below. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.



Machinery and laboratory equipment	3 - 5 years
Instruments	4 - 5 years
Office equipment	3 - 7 years
Leasehold improvements	over the shorter of the remaining life of the lease or the useful economic life of the asset

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are ~~included~~recorded in ~~current and~~the consolidated balance sheets as noncurrent operating lease ROU assets and current and noncurrent operating lease ~~liabilities~~liabilities. Finance leases are recorded in the consolidated balance ~~sheets. Finance leases are included in~~sheets as other current assets and liabilities and other non-current assets and ~~liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.~~ liabilities.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset over the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the Company’s lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of its lease payments. ROU assets are recognized at the commencement date based upon the initial measurement of the operating lease liability less any lease incentives received.

The Company’s lease agreements can include both lease and non-lease components. The Company accounts for each lease component separately from the non-lease components within its lease agreements.

Income Taxes

Current income tax expense is the amount of income taxes expected to be payable for the current year. A deferred income tax liability or asset is established for the expected future tax consequences resulting from the differences in financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the Company’s ability to utilize these assets in the future. The Company provides for uncertain tax positions when such tax positions do not meet the recognition thresholds or measurement standards prescribed by the authoritative guidance on income taxes. Amounts for uncertain tax positions are adjusted in periods when new information becomes available or when positions are effectively settled. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.

A tax position that is more likely than not to be realized is measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Measurement of a tax position that meets the more likely than not threshold considers the amounts and probabilities of the outcomes that could be realized upon settlement using the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date.

2. Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing loss available to stockholders of the Company's common stock (the numerator) by the weighted average number of shares of the Company's common stock outstanding during the period (the denominator). Shares issued during the period and shares reacquired during the period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. Diluted loss per share is calculated in a similar way to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential shares had been issued, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

The calculations of diluted net loss per share for each of the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018 did not include the effects of the following stock options and other equity awards which were outstanding as of the end of each period because the inclusion of these securities would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018
Options outstanding to purchase common stock	2,215	2,454	2,130	2,452	2,130	2,452
Other unvested equity awards	4,007	3,759	3,846	3,637	3,846	3,637
Total	6,222	6,213	5,976	6,089	5,976	6,089

3. Stock-Based Compensation

Equity awards may be granted at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors under the Company's 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, or the 2010 Plan, in connection with the hiring or retention of personnel and are subject to certain conditions. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, restricted stock ~~awards, restricted stock~~ units, and market-based stock units granted to employees, directors and non-employee advisors in exchange for services under ~~the Company's 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, or~~ the 2010 Plan, and employee stock purchases under the Company's Amended and Restated 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or the ESPP. Employee participation in the 2010 Plan is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. Each equity award grant reduces the number of shares available for grant under the 2010 Plan. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in cost of sales, sales and marketing, research and development, and/or general and administrative expenses based on the employee's respective function. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $5,711,000 and $5,799,000, respectively. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $3,167,000 and $3,075,000, respectively, during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and ~~2018, aggregate stock-based compensation expense was $2,544,000 and $2,724,000, respectively.~~2018.

Stock Options

The fair value of stock options granted is derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, which uses several judgment-based variables to calculate the expense. The inputs include the expected term of the stock option, the expected volatility and other factors.

• Expected Term. ~~Expected~~The expected term represents the period that the stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined by using the simplified method.

• Expected Volatility. The Expected volatility represents the estimated volatility in the Company’s stock price over the expected term of the stock option and is determined by review of the Company’s and similar companies’ historical experience.

• Expected Dividend. The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model calls for a single expected dividend yield as an input. The Company has assumed no dividends as it has never paid dividends and has no current plans to do so.

• Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model is based on published U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option.

All stock options granted under the 2010 Plan are exercisable at a per share price equal to the closing quoted market price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market on the grant date and generally vest over a period of four years. Stock options are generally exercisable for a period of up to ten years after grant and are typically forfeited if employment is terminated before the options vest.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019:


	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	2,439,914		$	9.57	2,439,914		$	9.57
Granted	—		$	—	—		$	—
Exercised	(71,833	)	$	5.98	(71,833	)	$	5.98
Cancelled	(153,493	)	$	12.15	(237,934	)	$	12.06
Outstanding at March 31, 2019	2,214,588		$	9.51
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2019	2,214,581		$	9.51
Exercisable at March 31, 2019	2,214,327		$	9.51
Outstanding at June 30, 2019					2,130,147		$	9.42
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019					2,130,146		$	9.42
Exercisable at June 30, 2019					2,130,042		$	9.42

Options that were exercisable as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 had a remaining weighted average contractual term of ~~3.77~~3.64 years, and an aggregate intrinsic value of ~~$1,429,000.~~$971,000. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, there were ~~2,214,588~~2,130,147 stock options outstanding, which had a remaining weighted average contractual term of ~~3.77~~3.64 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of ~~$1,429,000.~~$971,000. No stock options were granted during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units granted under the 2010 Plan generally vest over a period of between one and four years and are typically forfeited if service to the Company ceases before the restricted stock units vest. The compensation expense related to the restricted stock units is calculated as the fair market value of the Company's stock on the grant date and is adjusted for estimated forfeitures. Restrictions expire after the grant date in accordance with specific provisions in the applicable award agreement.

The Company’s restricted stock unit activity for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 was as follows:


	Restricted Stock Units				Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2018	2,665,708		$	6.12	2,665,708		$	6.12
Granted	1,352,750		$	6.70	1,541,921		$	6.73
Vested	(569,050	)	$	5.37	(868,154	)	$	5.81
Cancelled	(182,539	)	$	6.55	(253,594	)	$	6.70
Unvested at March 31, 2019	3,266,869		$	6.47
Unvested at June 30, 2019					3,085,881		$	6.47

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, there was ~~$15,034,000~~$15,761,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of ~~2.91~~2.78 years. The total fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018 was ~~$4,058,000~~$6,100,000 and ~~$1,523,000,~~$2,929,000, respectively.

Market-Based Stock Units

The Company issued market-based stock units in each of February 2019, 2018, and 2017, which may result in the recipient receiving shares of stock equal to 200% of the target number of units granted. The vesting and issuance of Company stock depends on the Company's stock performance as compared to the NASDAQ Composite Index over the three-year period following the grant, subject to the recipient's continued service with the Company. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, there was ~~$3,847,000~~$3,514,000 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to market-based stock unit awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of ~~2.15~~1.90 years.

The Company’s market-based stock unit activity for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 was as follows:


	Market-Based Stock Units			Market-Based Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2018	328,739	$	10.03	328,739	$	10.03
Units Granted	440,000	$	10.21	460,000	$	10.22
Cancelled	(28,334)	$	9.39	(28,334)	$	9.39
Unvested at March 31, 2019	740,405	$	10.16
Unvested at June 30, 2019				760,405	$	10.16

The fair value of these market-based stock units was estimated on the grant date using the Monte Carlo Simulation Valuation Model, which estimates the potential outcome of achieving the market condition based on simulated future stock prices, with the following assumptions for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months Ended March 31,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
Expected volatility	64	%	65		%	64	%	65		%
Risk-free interest rate	2.50	%	2.40		%	2.50	%	2.40		%
Expected dividend	—	%	—		%	—	%	—		%
Weighted average fair value	$10.11 - $10.31		$	7.19		$10.11 - $10.31		$	7.19

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company's stockholders originally approved the ESPP in May 2013. In May 2018, the Company's stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the ESPP, which increased the shares authorized for issuance under the ESPP from 650,000 shares to 1,750,000 shares.

The price at which stock is purchased under the ESPP is equal to 85% of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the first or the last day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Generally, each offering under the ESPP will be for a period of six months as determined by the Company's Board of Directors; provided that no offering period may exceed 27 months. Employees may invest up to 10% of their qualifying gross compensation through payroll deductions. In no event may an employee purchase more than 1,500 shares of common stock during any six-month offering period. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, there were ~~940,493~~835,818 shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP. The ESPP is a compensatory plan as defined by the authoritative guidance for stock compensation; therefore, stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP has been recorded during each of the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognition

Stock-based compensation was recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of revenue	$	204	$	187	$	248	$	220	$	452	$	407
Sales and marketing	619		645		792		695		1,411		1,340
Research and development	423		627		449		658		872		1,285
General and administrative	1,298		1,265		1,678		1,502		2,976		2,767
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,544	$	2,724	$	3,167	$	3,075	$	5,711	$	5,799

Stock-based compensation capitalized during the periods presented was not material and there was no unrecognized tax benefit related to stock-based compensation for either of the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018.

4. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement Details

The following tables show the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement details as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Inventory


	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	2,344	$	2,449	$	2,397	$	2,449
Work-in-process	3,131		3,349		3,277		3,349
Finished goods	3,916		4,446		4,238		4,446
Total inventories	$	9,391	$	10,244	$	9,912	$	10,244

Property and Equipment, Net


	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Property and equipment — at cost:
Machinery and laboratory equipment	$	15,013		$	15,206		$	15,080		$	15,206
Instruments	15,406			15,089			15,684			15,089
Office equipment	2,135			2,114			2,141			2,114
Leasehold improvements	10,759			10,648			10,774			10,648
Total property and equipment — at cost	43,313			43,057			43,679			43,057
Less: accumulated depreciation	(23,386		)	(21,987		)	(24,752		)	(21,987		)
Property and equipment, net	$	19,927		$	21,070		$	18,927		$	21,070

Accrued Warranty

The following table shows changes in the Company's accrued warranties for each of the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019			2018
Beginning accrued warranty balance	$	330		$	470		$	373		$	418		$	330		$	470
Warranty expenses incurred	(444		)	(516		)	(268		)	(559		)	(712		)	(1,075		)
Provisions	487			464			121			580			608			1,044
Ending accrued warranty balance	$	373		$	418		$	226		$	439		$	226		$	439

5. Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets as of each of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 comprised the following (in thousands):

March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount
Licensed intellectual property $ 4,750
$ (2,875 ) $ 1,875
$ 4,750
$ (2,727 ) $ 2,023



	June 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Licensed intellectual property	$	4,750	$	(3,023	)	$	1,727	$	4,750	$	(2,727	)	$	2,023

In July 2012, the Company entered into a development collaboration and license agreement with Advanced Liquid Logic, Inc., or ALL, which was acquired by Illumina, Inc. in July 2013. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company established a collaborative program to develop in-vitro diagnostic products incorporating ALL’s proprietary electro-wetting technology in conjunction with the Company’s electrochemical detection technology.

Intellectual property licenses have a weighted average remaining amortization period of ~~3.18~~2.93 years as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019. Amortization expense for these licenses was $148,000 ~~and $149,000~~ for each of the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018, and was $296,000 and $297,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Estimated future amortization expense for these licenses is as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal Years Ending	Future Amortization Expense		Future Amortization Expense
Remaining in 2019	$	445	$	297
2020	593		593
2021	593		593
2022	244		244
Total	$	1,875	$	1,727

6. Marketable Securities

The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable securities as of each of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):


March 31, 2019	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
June 30, 2019										Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Corporate notes and bonds	$	4,992	$	—	$	(1	)	$	4,991	$	4,780	$	2	$	—		$	4,782
U.S. government and agency securities	6,149		—		—			6,149		6,885		2		—			6,887
Commercial paper	1,979		—		(1		)	1,978		5,958		—		—			5,958
Total	$	13,120	$	—	$	(2	)	$	13,118	$	17,623	$	4	$	—		$	17,627

December 31, 2018	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Corporate notes and bonds	$	6,393	$	—	$	(4	)	$	6,389	$	6,393	$	—	$	(4	)	$	6,389
Commercial paper	2,493		—		—			2,493		2,493		—		—			2,493
Total	$	8,886	$	—	$	(4	)	$	8,882	$	8,886	$	—	$	(4	)	$	8,882

All of the Company's marketable securities have a maturity of one year or less.

7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, such as cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate the related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

The Company uses a fair value hierarchy with three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, to measure fair value:

• Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 — Inputs, other than Level 1, that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

• Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table presents the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation approach applied to each class of financial instruments as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):


	March 31, 2019								June 30, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	6,004	$	—	$	—	$	6,004	$	5,039	$	—	$	—	$	5,039
Corporate notes and bonds	—		1,549		—		1,549
U.S. government and agency securities	—		1,999		—		1,999
Commercial paper	—		5,285		—		5,285		—		449		—		449
Marketable securities
Corporate notes and bonds	—		4,991		—		4,991		—		4,782		—		4,782
U.S. government and agency securities	—		6,149		—		6,149		—		6,887		—		6,887
Commercial paper	—		1,978		—		1,978		—		5,958		—		5,958
Total	$	6,004	$	21,951	$	—	$	27,955	$	5,039	$	18,076	$	—	$	23,115

	December 31, 2018								December 31, 2018
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	8,953	$	—	$	—	$	8,953	$	8,953	$	—	$	—	$	8,953
Marketable securities
Corporate notes and bonds	—		6,389		—		6,389		—		6,389		—		6,389
U.S. government and agency securities	—		2,493		—		2,493		—		2,493		—		2,493
Total	$	8,953	$	8,882	$	—	$	17,835	$	8,953	$	8,882	$	—	$	17,835

Level 2 marketable securities are priced using quoted market prices for similar instruments or nonbinding market prices that are corroborated by observable market data. The Company uses inputs such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, and other similar data, which are obtained from quoted market prices, independent pricing vendors, or other sources, to determine the ultimate fair value of these assets and liabilities. The Company uses such pricing data as the primary input to make its assessments and determinations as to the ultimate valuation of its investment portfolio and has not made, during the periods presented, any material adjustments to such inputs.

8. Long-term debt

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Term Loans
Term Loan A - 6.9% interest	$	—		$	7,619		$	—		$	7,619
Term Loan B - 6.9% interest	—			7,619			—			7,619
Term Loan C - 7.4% interest	—			12,000			—			12,000
Term Loan D - 8.8% interest	—			663			—			663
Term Loan E - 8.8% interest	—			7,098			—			7,098
Term Loan - 8.4% interest	50,000			—			50,000			—
Final fee obligation	2,975			3,288			2,975			3,288
Unamortized issuance costs	(5,154		)	(2,245		)	(4,704		)	(2,245		)
Total debt, net	47,821			36,042			48,271			36,042
Current portion of long-term debt	—			—			—			—
Long-term debt	$	47,821		$	36,042		$	48,271		$	36,042

Term Loans

In January 2015, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, or the LSA, with Solar Capital Partners (as successor-in-interest to General Electric Capital Corporation), ~~and certain other financial institutions party thereto, as lenders.~~ and certain other financial institutions party thereto, as lenders. Pursuant to the LSA and its subsequent amendments, the Company borrowed $42,762,000 in a series of term loans and had the ability to borrow against a revolving loan in the maximum amount of $5,000,000. During the term of the LSA, the term loans thereunder accrued interest at a rate equal to (a) the greater of 1.00% or the three year treasury rate in effect at the time of funding, plus (b) an applicable margin between 4.95% and 5.90% per annum. The Company borrowed all $42,762,000 under the term loans as provided in the LSA, and the Company did not borrow any of the $5,000,000 available under the revolving loan.

On February 1, 2019, or the Effective Date, the Company entered into a new Loan and Security Agreement, or the New LSA, with Solar Capital Ltd. and certain other financial institutions, or, collectively, the Lenders. Pursuant to the New LSA, the Lenders are providing the Company with up to $65,000,000 in a series of term loans, or, collectively, the Term Loans, of which $50,000,000, or the Tranche 1 Loan, was funded on the Effective Date. An additional $15,000,000, or the Tranche 2 Loan, is available to be funded at the Company's option, but no later than December 31, 2019, provided that the Company achieves a designated amount of product revenues on a trailing six-month basis.

On the Effective Date, approximately $38,800,000 of the proceeds from the Tranche 1 Loan were used by the Company to repay all outstanding principal, interest, related fees, and other obligations under the LSA, with the remaining borrowings to be used to satisfy the Company's working capital needs and for other general business purposes. The Company accounted for the repayment of its obligations under the LSA as a debt modification. The Company has capitalized the issuance costs it incurred when entering into the New LSA, which are being amortized over the remaining term of the New LSA.

The Term Loans under the New LSA will accrue interest at a floating per annum rate in effect from time-to-time equal to (a) the greater of 2.51% or the one-month LIBOR rate then in effect as of the applicable payment date, plus (b) 5.90% per annum. The Company is only required to make interest payments on amounts borrowed pursuant to the Term Loans from the applicable funding date until February 28, 2021, or the Interest Only Period. If the Company exercises its option to borrow the Tranche 2 Loan and the Company achieves an additional designated amount of product revenues on a trailing six-month basis on or before December 31, 2020, then the Interest Only Period may, at the Company’s election, be extended for both Term Loans through February 28, 2022. Following the Interest Only Period (as the same may be extended pursuant to the terms of the New LSA), monthly installments of principal and interest under the Term Loans will be due until the original principal amount and applicable interest is fully repaid by February 1, 2023, or the Final Maturity Date.

Under the New LSA, the Company is required to comply with certain affirmative and negative covenants, including, without limitation, delivering reports and notices relating to the Company’s financial condition and certain regulatory events and intellectual property matters, as well as limiting the creation of liens, the incurrence of indebtedness, and the making of certain investments, dividends, payments and acquisitions, other than as specifically permitted by the New LSA. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the LSA.

The New LSA also contains customary events of default (subject, in certain instances, to specified cure periods), including, but not limited to, the failure to make payments of interest or premium when due, the failure to comply with certain covenants and agreements specified in the New LSA, and the occurrence of a material adverse change, certain regulatory events, or certain insolvency events. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Lenders may declare all outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the New LSA immediately due and payable and may exercise the other rights and remedies as set forth in the New LSA.

Debt Issuance Costs

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had ~~$5,154,000~~$4,704,000 and $2,245,000, respectively, of unamortized debt issuance discount, which is offset against borrowings in long-term and short-term debt.

Amortization of debt issuance costs was ~~$366,000~~$450,000 and ~~$290,000~~$293,000 for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $816,000 and $583,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs is included in interest expense in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the periods presented.

Letter of Credit

In September 2012, the Company provided a $758,000 letter of credit issued by Banc of California to the landlord of its executive office facility in Carlsbad, California. This letter of credit was secured with $758,000 of restricted cash as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

9. Leases

The Company has operating and finance lease agreements for its office, manufacturing, warehousing and laboratory space and for office equipment. Rent and operating expenses charged under these arrangements was ~~$526,000~~$483,000 and ~~$427,000~~$443,000 for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018, ~~respectively.~~respectively, and $1,009,000 and $870,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Pursuant to the adoption of the new lease standard, the Company reported ~~current and~~ noncurrent operating lease ROU assets of ~~$1.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively,~~$4,883,000, and current and noncurrent operating lease liabilities of ~~$1.8 million~~$1,815,000 and ~~$6.6 million,~~$6,339,000, respectively, as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019. The Company reported current and noncurrent deferred rent under the existing lease standard of $520,000 and $2,996,000, respectively, at December 31, 2018. The Company's operating lease liabilities were measured at a weighted average discount rate of 11.2% and have a weighted average remaining term of ~~6.55~~5.46 years.

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the future minimum lease payments required ~~over the next five years~~ under the Company's lease arrangements are as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal Years Ending	Future Minimum Lease Payments		Future Minimum Lease Payments
Remaining in 2019	$	1,504	$	1,007
2020	1,997		1,997
2021	2,015		2,015
2022	2,077		2,077
2023	1,939		1,939
Thereafter	2,084		2,084
Total	$	11,616	11,119
Less: imputed interest			(2,965		)
Total operating lease liabilities			$	8,154

10. Income Taxes

The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, to determine its quarterly provision for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against all of its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the Company’s ability to utilize these assets in the future. Due to the Company's losses, it only records a tax provision or benefit related to uncertain tax positions and related interest and minimum tax payments or refunds. The Company recorded income tax expense of ~~$16,000~~$45,000 and ~~$20,000~~$34,000 for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $61,000 and $54,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company's federal and state tax returns since inception are subject to examination due to the carryover of net operating losses. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the Company’s tax years from 2011 through 2012 are subject to examination by the United Kingdom tax authorities related to legacy operations. The statute of limitations for the assessment and collection of income taxes related to other foreign tax returns varies by country. In the foreign countries where we have operations, these time periods generally range from three to five years after the year for which the tax return is due or the tax is assessed.

11. Subsequent Events

On August 5, 2019, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement, or the Distribution Agreement, with Canaccord Genuity LLC, as sales agent, or Canaccord, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Canaccord shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $35 million.

The Company is not obligated to sell any shares under the Distribution Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, Canaccord will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations, and the rules of the NASDAQ Global Market to sell shares from time to time based upon the Company’s instructions, including any price, time or size limits specified by the Company. Under the Distribution Agreement, Canaccord may sell shares by any method deemed to be an “at-the-market” offering as defined in Rule 415 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any other method permitted by law, including in privately negotiated transactions. Canaccord’s obligations to sell shares under the Distribution Agreement are subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The Company will pay Canaccord a commission of 3% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares occurring pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, if any, and has agreed to provide Canaccord with customary indemnification and contribution rights. The Company has also agreed to reimburse Canaccord for legal fees and disbursements, not to exceed $25,000 in the aggregate, in connection with entering into the Distribution Agreement.

The Distribution Agreement may be terminated by Canaccord or the Company at any time upon ten days’ notice to the other party, or by Canaccord at any time in certain circumstances, including the occurrence of a material and adverse change in the Company’s business or financial condition that impairs Canaccord’s ability to proceed with the offering to sell the shares.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and the notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, as well as the audited financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections and the beliefs and assumptions of our management, including, without limitation, our expectations regarding our results of operations, sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, and the sufficiency of our cash for future operations. Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “project,” “believe,” “goals,” “estimate,” “potential,” “predict,” “plan,” “may,” “will,” “might,” “could,” “intend,” variations of these terms or the negative of those terms and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by our forward-looking statements are those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report. We assume no obligation to update these forward looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances.

Trademarks and Trade Names

GenMark®, eSensor®, XT-8® and ePlex® and our other logos and trademarks are the property of GenMark Diagnostics, Inc. or its subsidiaries. All other brand names or trademarks appearing in this Quarterly Report are the property of their respective holders. Our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade dress or products in this Quarterly Report does not imply that we have a relationship with, or the endorsement or sponsorship of, the trademark or trade dress owners.

Overview

GenMark was formed by Osmetech plc, or Osmetech, as a Delaware corporation in February 2010, and had no operations prior to its initial public offering, which was completed in June 2010. Immediately prior to the closing of the initial public offering, GenMark acquired all of the outstanding ordinary shares of Osmetech in a reorganization under the applicable laws of the United Kingdom. Following the reorganization, Osmetech became a wholly-owned subsidiary controlled by GenMark, and the former shareholders of Osmetech received shares of GenMark. Any historical discussion of GenMark relates to Osmetech and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the reorganization. In September 2012, GenMark placed Osmetech into liquidation to simplify its corporate structure. The liquidation of Osmetech was competed in the fourth quarter of 2013.

We are a molecular diagnostics company focused on developing and commercializing multiplex solutions designed to enhance patient care, improve key quality metrics, and reduce the total cost-of-care. We currently develop and commercialize high-value, simple to perform, clinically relevant multiplex molecular tests based on our proprietary eSensor electrochemical detection technology.

Since inception, we have incurred net losses from operations each year, and we expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. Our net losses for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018 were approximately ~~$12,080,000~~$25,388,000 and ~~$11,423,000,~~$27,944,000, respectively. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of ~~$478,963,000.~~$492,271,000. Our operations to date have been funded principally through sales of capital stock, borrowings, and cash from operations. We expect to incur increasing expenses over the next several years, principally to expand our ~~diagnostic test menu for our ePlex system,~~product offerings, as well as to increase our manufacturing capabilities and domestic and international commercial organization.

Our Products and Technology

We offer our ePlex sample-to-answer instrument and Respiratory Pathogen (RP) Panel, Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive (BCID-GP) Panel, ~~BCID-GN~~Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative (BCID-GN) Panel, and ~~BCID-FP~~Blood Culture Identification Fungal Pathogen (BCID-FP) Panel for sale in the United States and internationally. We are also developing our ePlex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel for the detection of pathogens associated with gastrointestinal infections. We continue to actively evaluate the development of additional assay panels that we believe will meet important, unmet clinical needs, which our ePlex system is uniquely positioned to address.

We offer four FDA-cleared diagnostic tests which run on our XT-8 instrument: our Respiratory Viral Panel; our Cystic Fibrosis Genotyping Test; our Warfarin Sensitivity Test; and our Thrombophilia Risk Test. We also offer a Hepatitis C (HCV) Genotyping Test and associated custom manufactured reagents, as well as a 2C19 Genotyping Test, each of which is available for use with our XT-8 instrument for research use only (RUO).

Revenue

Revenue from operations includes product sales, principally of our diagnostic panels. We primarily place our instruments with customers through a reagent rental agreement, under which we retain title to the instrument and customers generally commit to purchasing minimum quantities of reagents and test cartridges over a period of one to five years. We also offer our instruments for sale.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues includes the cost of materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs used in the manufacture of our consumable tests, including royalties on product sales. Cost of revenues also includes depreciation on revenue generating instruments that have been placed with our customers under a reagent rental agreement, cost of instruments sold to customers, amortization of licenses related to our products, and other costs such as warranty, royalty, and customer and product technical support. Any potential underutilized capacity may result in a high cost of revenues relative to revenue, if manufacturing volumes are not able to fully absorb operating costs. Our instruments are procured from contract manufacturers. We expect our cost of revenues to increase as we place additional instruments and manufacture and sell additional diagnostic panels; however, over time, we expect our cost per unit to decrease as production volume increases, manufacturing efficiencies are realized, improvements to procurement practices are made, product reliability increases, and other improvements decrease costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses include costs associated with our direct sales force, sales management, marketing, technical support, and business development activities. These expenses primarily consist of salaries, commissions, benefits, stock-based compensation, travel, advertising, promotions, product samples, and trade show expenses. We expect sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase as we scale-up our domestic and international commercial efforts and expand our customer base.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses primarily include costs associated with the development and expansion of our ePlex instrument's diagnostic test menu. These expenses also include certain clinical study expenses incurred in preparation for FDA clearance for these products, intellectual property prosecution and maintenance costs, and quality assurance expenses. The expenses primarily consist of salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation, outside design and consulting services, laboratory supplies, costs of consumables and materials used in product development, contract research organization costs, and clinical studies and facility costs. We expense all research and development expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses include costs associated with our executive, accounting and finance, compliance, information technology, legal, facilities, human ~~resource,~~resources, administrative, and investor relations activities. These expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation costs, independent auditor costs, legal fees, consultants, insurance, and public company expenses, such as stock transfer agent fees and listing fees for NASDAQ.

Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses

Transactions in currencies other than our functional currency, the US Dollar, are translated at the prevailing rates on the dates of the applicable transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses arise from differences in exchange rates during the period between the date a transaction denominated in a foreign currency is consummated and the date on which it is settled or translated.

Interest Income and Interest Expense

Interest income includes interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and investments. Interest expense represents interest incurred on our loan payable and on other liabilities.

Provision for Income Taxes

We make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes.

We assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. If it is more likely than not that we will not recover our deferred tax assets, we will increase our provision for income taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that we estimate will not ultimately be recoverable.

Our income tax returns are based on calculations and assumptions that are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. While we believe we have appropriate support for the positions taken on our tax returns, we regularly assess the potential outcomes of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. We continually assess the likelihood and amount of potential adjustments and adjust the income tax provision, income taxes payable, and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known.

Results of Operations — Three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 compared to the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue $ 21,533
$ 20,645
$ 888
4 %



	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change		2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	18,374	$	14,941	$	3,433	23	%	$	39,907	$	35,586	$	4,321	12	%

Our revenue consists primarily of revenue from the sale of test cartridges (which we refer to as consumables), instruments, and other revenues.

Revenue increased by ~~$888 thousand~~$3.4 million or 4%23%, during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 when compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily driven by growth in ePlex product revenue which features a higher selling price due to the the additional technology and features of its sample-to-answer capabilities. For the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, ePlex product revenue increased by ~~$3.7~~$4.9 million or 70%, to ~~$15.7~~$12 million due to new customers adopting the ePlex system for respiratory testing. ePlex product revenue represented approximately 66% of total product revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2019. XT-8 revenue decreased by $1.6 million or 20%, to $6.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to customers that converted in 2018 to our ePlex system for respiratory testing.

Revenue increased by $4.3 million or 12% during the six months ended June 30, 2019 when compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily driven by growth in ePlex product revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, ePlex product revenue increased by $8.7 million or 46%, to $27.7 million due to both new customers adopting ePlex and the conversion of existing XT-8 customers to our ePlex system for respiratory testing. ePlex ~~consumable~~product revenue represented approximately ~~94%~~70% of total ~~ePlex~~ product revenue during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019. XT-8 revenue decreased by ~~$2.9~~$4.5 million or 28%, to ~~$5.7~~$11.9 million during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, primarily due to customers converting to our ePlex system for respiratory testing.


	Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change		2019		2018		$ Change		% Change		2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	15,670	$	16,480	$	(810	)	(5	)%	$	11,801	$	10,527	$	1,274	12	%	$	27,471	$	27,007	$	464	2	%
Gross profit	$	5,863	$	4,165	$	1,698		41	%	$	6,573	$	4,414	$	2,159	49	%	$	12,436	$	8,579	$	3,857	45	%

The ~~decrease~~increase in cost of revenue for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year is ~~primarily attributable to improvements related to manufacturing yields, overhead absorption, and reductions~~a result of the growth in ~~material costs. These decreases to costs of~~ePlex product revenue, ~~during the three months ended March 31, 2019 totaled $1.5 million from manufacturing efficiencies and $780 thousand from product technical support costs as compared to~~which increased by 70% versus the same period inof the prior ~~year. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in gross product costs~~year and represented 66% of ~~$1.1 million attributed to~~total revenue for the ~~increase in~~current period. The ePlex ~~product sales, which~~system carries a higher cost profile due to its enhanced technology and features as compared to XT-8. ~~In addition, inventory reserves~~Product costs increased by ~~$163 thousand~~$2.6 million when comparing the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 to the same period of the prior year. Cost of revenue also increased by $276 thousand due to increased freight and royalties expense resulting from higher

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing $ 5,909
$ 5,402
$ 507
9 %

product revenue. The increase in cost of revenue was partially offset by decreases of $913 thousand from overhead absorption and manufacturing efficiencies and $825 thousand in reduced warranty and customer and product technical support expense.

The increase in cost of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year is a result of the growth in ePlex product revenue, which increased by 46% versus the same period of the prior year and represented 69% of total revenue for the current period. Product costs increased by $3.6 million when comparing the six months ended June 30, 2019 to the same period of the prior year. Cost of revenue also increased by $369 thousand due to increased freight and royalties expense resulting from higher product revenue. The increase in cost of revenue was partially offset by decreases of $2.3 million from overhead absorption and manufacturing efficiencies and $1.4 million in reduced warranty and customer and product technical support expense.



	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change		2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	5,803	$	5,187	$	616	12	%	$	11,712	$	10,589	$	1,123	11	%

The increase in sales and marketing expense for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, when compared to the same period of the prior year, was primarily driven by increases of $398 thousand in personnel costs, $120 thousand in travel expense, and $97 thousand in stock-based compensation expense.

The increase in sales and marketing expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019, when compared to the same period of the prior year, was primarily driven by an increase of $654 thousand in personnel costs, $293 thousand in evaluation kit expense ~~of $273 thousand~~ resulting from new ePlex system implementations, and ~~$106~~$167 thousand in ~~sales commissions driven by increased revenue.~~travel expense.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative $ 4,521
$ 4,133
$ 388
9 %



	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change		2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	4,931	$	4,547	$	384	8	%	$	9,452	$	8,680	$	772	9	%

The increase in general and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year, was primarily driven by increases in employee-related expenses of $150 thousand and $190 thousand in higher facilities and information technology expense.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Research and development $ 6,343
$ 5,420
$ 923
17 %

~~The increase in research and development expense for the three months ended March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year, was primarily driven by increases of ~~$595~~$176 thousand in stock-based compensation expense, $114 thousand in personnel costs, $97 thousand in higher facilities and information technology expense, and $91 thousand in legal fees. The increase in general and administrative expense was partially offset by $155 thousand decrease in professional services expense.

The increase in general and administrative expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year, was primarily driven by increases of $287 thousand in facilities and information technology expense, $285 thousand in legal expense, $231 thousand in personnel costs, and $209 thousand in stock-based compensation. The increase in general and administrative expense was partially offset by decreases of $203 thousand in professional services expense and $65 thousand in travel expense.



	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change		2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	7,749	$	10,482	$	(2,733	)	(26	)%	$	14,092	$	15,902	$	(1,810	)	(11	)%

The decrease in research and development expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year, was primarily driven by decreases of $2.2 million in the prototype materials used by our assay development teams ~~$611~~and $585 thousand in personnel costs based upon more technical resources focused on the development of future technologies, and $101 thousand in laboratory supplies. These increases were partially offset by a $410 thousand decline in clinical study expense ~~in the current period~~ based upon the timing of the completed ePlex BCID clinical studies. The decrease in research and development expense was partially offset by a $167 thousand increase in personnel costs resulting from more technical resources focused on the development of future technologies.

The decrease in research and development expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year, was primarily driven by decreases of $1.6 million in the prototype materials used by our assay development teams and $1 million in clinical study expense based upon the timing of the completed ePlex BCID clinical studies. The decrease in research and development expense was partially offset by a $779 thousand increase in personnel costs resulting from more technical resources focused on the development of future technologies.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Other income (expense) $ (1,154 ) $ (613 ) $ (541 ) 88 %



	Three Months Ended June 30,											Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change			% Change		2019			2018			$ Change			% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Other income (expense)	$	(1,353	)	$	(685	)	$	(668	)	98	%	$	(2,507	)	$	(1,298	)	$	(1,209	)	93	%

Other income (expense) represents non-operating income and expense, including, but not limited to, earnings on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, ~~foreign~~ exchange gains and losses of foreign currency denominated balances, and interest expense related to debt.

The change in other income (expense) for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to the same ~~period~~periods of the prior year, ~~was~~were primarily due to higher interest expense attributable to additional borrowings from the Company's new loan and security agreement.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense (benefit) $ 16
$ 20
$ (4 ) (20 )%



	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change		2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	45	$	34	$	11	32	%	$	61	$	54	$	7	13	%

Due to net losses incurred, we have only recorded tax provisions related to minimum tax payments in the United States and tax liabilities generated by our foreign subsidiaries, which have remained immaterial.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have funded our operations primarily from the sale of our common stock, borrowings, and cash from operations. We have incurred net losses from continuing operations each year and have not yet achieved profitability. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, we had ~~$51,896,000~~$42,392,000 of working capital, including ~~$48,422,000~~$41,360,000 in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 will enable us to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, selected items in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:


	March 31,						June 30,
Three Months Ended (in thousands):	2019			2018
Six Months Ended (in thousands):							2019			2018
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(8,181	)	$	(6,052	)	$	(15,616	)	$	(16,437	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(4,547		)	9,635
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	11,726			(25		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities							(9,107		)	18,054
Net cash provided by financing activities							12,168			492
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	20			(34		)	2			28
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(982	)	$	3,524		$	(12,553	)	$	2,137

Cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities ~~increased $2.1 million~~decreased $821 thousand for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 compared to the same period of the prior year. The ~~increase~~decrease in cash used in operating activities was primarily due to ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$0.7~~$2.6 million in net loss and a $472 thousand increase in non-cash adjustments; partially offset by a decrease of ~~$1.5~~$2.2 million in changes to operating assets and ~~liabilities; partially offset by an increase of $0.1 million in non-cash adjustments.~~liabilities.

Cash (used in) provided by ~~(used in)~~ investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased by ~~$14.2~~$27.2 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in the net proceeds from purchases, maturities, and sales of marketable securities of ~~$14.3~~$27.6 million, partially offset by a decline in purchases of property and equipment of ~~$132~~$457 thousand.

Cash provided by ~~(used in)~~ financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities increased by ~~$11.8~~$11.7 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to an increase in proceeds from borrowings of $11.3 million and an increase in stock option exercises of ~~$413~~$410 thousand.

We have prepared cash flow forecasts which indicate, based on our current cash resources available, that we will have sufficient resources to fund our business for at least the next 12 months. We expect capital outlays and operating expenditures to increase over the next several years as we grow our customer base and revenues, and expand our research and development, commercialization and manufacturing activities. Factors that could affect our capital requirements, in addition to those previously identified, include, but are not limited to:

• the level of revenues and the rate of our revenue growth;

• change in demand from our customers;

• the level of expenses required to expand our commercial (sales and marketing) activities;

~~• change in demand from our customers;~~

• the level of research and development investment required to develop and commercialize our ePlex system and maintain our XT-8 system;

• the level of investment required to scale our manufacturing operations to support our anticipated growth;

• our need to acquire or license complementary technologies;

• the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

• competing technological and market developments; and

• changes in regulatory policies or laws that affect our operations.

Loan and Security Agreement

On February 1, 2019, or the Effective Date, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, or the New LSA, with Solar Capital Ltd. and certain other financial institutions, or, collectively, the Lenders. Pursuant to the New LSA, the Lenders are providing us with up to $65 million in a series of term loans, of which $50 million was funded on the Effective Date. We may borrow an additional $15 million at our option, but no later than December 31, 2019, provided that we achieve a designated amount of product revenues on a trailing six-month basis. As of March 31, 2019, we have borrowed $50 million under the terms of the New LSA.

Pursuant to the terms of the New LSA, the Lenders are granted a security interest in (a) all of our personal property, other than intellectual property (which is subject to a negative pledge), but including our rights to payment in respect of intellectual property, and (b) the stock of all of our subsidiaries; provided that if the pledge of 100% of the voting shares of our non-U.S. subsidiaries would result in adverse tax consequences, such pledge shall be limited to 65% of the voting stock and 100% of the non-voting stock of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries.

The New LSA contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, without limitation, delivering reports and notices relating to our financial condition and certain regulatory events and intellectual property matters, as well as limiting the creation of liens, the incurrence of indebtedness, and the making of certain investments, payments and acquisitions, other than as specifically permitted by the New LSA. The New LSA also contains customary events of default (subject, in certain instances, to specified cure periods), including, but not limited to, the failure to make payments of interest or premium when due, the failure to comply with certain covenants and agreements specified in the New LSA, and the occurrence of a material adverse change, certain regulatory events, or certain insolvency events. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Lenders may declare all outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the LSA immediately due and payable and may exercise the other rights and remedies as set forth in the New LSA.

Letter of Credit

In September 2012, we provided a ~~$758,000~~$758 thousand letter of credit issued by Banc of California to the landlord of our executive office facility in Carlsbad, California. This letter of credit was secured with ~~$758,000~~$758 thousand of restricted cash at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

If we require additional capital, we cannot be certain that it will be available when needed or that our actual cash requirements will not be greater than anticipated. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

Contractual Obligations

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations from those disclosed within the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to doubtful accounts, inventories, valuation of intangible assets and other long-term assets, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements. We have provided a $758,000 standby letter of credit to our landlord as security for future rent in connection the lease of our executive office facility in Carlsbad, California, which is recorded as restricted cash on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, there have been no material changes in our market risks described at December 31, 2018.

Our exposure to market risk is currently limited to our cash and cash equivalents, all of which have maturities of less than three months, and marketable securities, which have maturities of greater than three months. The goals of our investment policy are preservation of capital, fulfillment of liquidity needs, and fiduciary control of cash and investments. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant risk. To achieve our goals, we may in the future maintain a portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a variety of securities that management believes to be of high credit quality. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. Because of the short-term nature of our cash equivalents and investments, we do not believe that an increase in market rates would have a material negative impact on the value of our portfolio.

Interest Rate Risk

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, based on current interest rates and total borrowings outstanding, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would have an immaterial pre-tax impact on our results of operations.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risks

We are a U.S. entity and our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. We have business transactions in foreign currencies, however, we believe we do not have significant exposure to risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates at this time. We do not currently engage in hedging or similar transactions to reduce our foreign currency risks. We will continue to monitor and evaluate our internal processes relating to foreign currency exchange, including the potential use of hedging strategies.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The design of any system of controls is based, in part, upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the participation of management, concluded that, as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred in the quarterly period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are from time to time subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that there are currently no legal actions that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

~~There have been no material changes to our risk factors during~~You should consider the ~~three months ended March 31, 2019. For additional~~risks described below and all of the other information ~~regarding risk factors, refer to Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors"~~set forth in ~~our Annual~~this Quarterly Report on Form ~~10-K~~10-Q, including our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in evaluating our business and prospects. If any of the risks described below occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be negatively affected. In that case, the market price of our common stock could decline.

We may not successfully commercialize our ePlex system at the levels we anticipate.

Our current plan for achieving positive cash flow and our future growth projections relies upon the successful commercialization of our ePlex system at the levels we project. Our ePlex system integrates automated nucleic acid extraction and amplification with our eSensor technology to allow operators to place raw or minimally prepared patient samples directly into our test cartridges and obtain clinically relevant results. We believe that our ePlex system offers certain advantages over competitive systems, including superior multiplexing capability, reduced hands-on processing time, testing capacity and flexibility, and other attributes. However, the commercial success of ePlex will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

Our ability to consistently manufacture highly complex products that deliver valid and accurate results at the level required for large-scale market adoption;

product reliability;

overall market acceptance;

our ability to offer a broad and clinically relevant test menu at a competitive price;

our ability to effectively sell our products into integrated delivery networks and group purchasing organizations;

adequate reimbursement for our products; and

the development of clinical utility and health economic evidence to support adoption of our products.

If we are unsuccessful in effectively commercializing our ePlex system at the levels we project within our expected time frame, or at all, our investment in anticipation of growth that does not materialize, or which develops more slowly than we expect, may harm our financial results, reduce our cash balances, and result in overcapacity, which may adversely affect our business and future prospects.

Our financial results will depend on the acceptance and increased demand among our target customers and the medical community of our molecular diagnostic technologies and products.

Our future success depends on the belief by our target customers and the medical community that our molecular diagnostic products, including our ePlex instrument and its panel test menu, are a reliable, medically-relevant, accurate and cost-effective replacement for other diagnostic testing methods. Our business success depends on our ability to convince our target customers to perform these tests internally with our products if they have historically outsourced their testing needs or have historically used non-molecular methods to perform such testing, or to replace their current molecular testing platforms with our system and its related test panel offerings.

Many other factors may affect the market acceptance and commercial success of our molecular diagnostic technology and products, including:

the relative convenience, ease of use, accuracy, reliability, validity, scalability, cost, price, and time-to-result of our diagnostic products over competing products;

the introduction of new technologies and competing products that may make our technologies and products a less attractive solution for our target customers;

the breadth and relevance of our menu of available diagnostic test panels relative to our competitors;

our success in training our customers in the proper use of our products;

the acceptance in the medical community and key opinion leaders of our molecular diagnostic technology and products;

the extent and success of our marketing and sales efforts; and

general economic conditions.

Professional societies, government agencies, practice management groups, private health/science foundations and organizations involved in healthcare issues may publish guidelines, recommendations or studies for the healthcare and patient communities. Recommendations of government agencies or these other organizations may relate to such matters as cost-effectiveness and use of related products. Organizations like these have in the past made recommendations about our competitors’ products, such as the need for less frequent screening tests, which could result in reduced product sales. Moreover, the perception by the investment community or stockholders that recommendations, guidelines or studies will result in decreased use of our products could adversely affect the prevailing market price for our common stock.

We face intense competition from established and new companies in the molecular diagnostics field and expect to face increased competition in the future.*

The markets for our technologies and products are highly competitive and we expect the intensity of competition to increase. We compete with companies engaged in the development, commercialization and distribution of similar products intended for clinical molecular diagnostic applications. Categories of our competitors include:

companies developing and marketing multiplex molecular diagnostics systems, including: Luminex (which acquired Nanosphere, Inc.); bioMerieux (which acquired BioFire Diagnostics, Inc.); Abbott Molecular Diagnostics; Qiagen (which acquired Stat-Dx); Siemens (which acquired Fast Track Diagnostics); T2 BioSystems; Accelerate Diagnostics; Hologic, Inc.; Seegene; and Danaher Corporation (which acquired Cepheid);

companies developing and marketing other technologies that can be used for identification of infectious agents, for example Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry, including: Bruker, Becton Dickinson, bioMerieux, and Shimadzu;

large hospital-based laboratories and reference laboratories who provide large-scale testing using their own proprietary testing methods, including Quest Diagnostics Incorporated and Laboratory Corporation of America; and

companies that manufacture laboratory-based tests and analyzers, including: Danaher; Siemens; Hologic, Inc.; Qiagen NV; bioMérieux; Roche Diagnostics; and Abbott Molecular Diagnostics.

Our diagnostic test panels also face competition from laboratory developed tests (LDTs) developed by national and regional reference laboratories and hospitals. LDTs may not currently be subject to the same regulatory requirements, including those requiring clinical studies and FDA review and clearance or approval that may apply to our diagnostic products.

We anticipate that we will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market with new technologies, our competitors improve their current products and expand their menu of diagnostic tests, and as we expand our operations internationally. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater name recognition, more substantial intellectual property portfolios, longer operating histories, additional test menu, significantly greater resources to invest in new technologies, more substantial experience in new product development, greater regulatory expertise, and more extensive manufacturing and distribution capabilities. It is critical to our success that we anticipate changes in technology and customer requirements and successfully introduce enhanced and competitive technology to meet our customers’ and prospective customers’ needs on a timely basis.

In addition, we have limited marketing, sales and distribution experience and capabilities. Our ability to achieve profitability depends on attracting customers for our products and building brand loyalty. To successfully perform sales, marketing, distribution, and customer support functions ourselves, we face a number of risks, including:

our ability to attract and retain the skilled support team, marketing staff and sales force necessary to commercialize and gain market acceptance for our technology and our products;

the ability of our sales and marketing team to identify and penetrate the potential customer base, including hospitals, national and regional reference laboratories, group purchasing organizations, and integrated delivery networks; and

the difficulty of establishing brand recognition and loyalty for our products.

Some hospital-based and reference laboratories may not consider adopting our instrument systems unless we offer a broader menu of diagnostic test panels or may choose not to convert from competitive products. In addition, in order to commercialize our products, we are required to undertake time consuming and costly development activities, including clinical studies for which the outcome is uncertain. Products that appear promising during early development and preclinical studies may, nonetheless, fail to demonstrate the results needed to support regulatory approval or, if approved, may not generate the demand we expect. If we are unable to effectively compete, our revenues and our ability to achieve profitability will be significantly impaired.

We may not expand sales of our ePlex system outside the United States at the levels or within the time frame we anticipate.

We have obtained CE Mark for our ePlex Instrument and the following ePlex assays: the ePlex Respiratory Pathogen (RP) Panel, the ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive (BCID-GP) Panel, the ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative (BCID-GN) Panel, and the ePlex Blood Culture Identification Fungal Pathogen (BCID-FP) Panel. We are commercializing our ePlex system internationally via a network of distribution partners, which is augmented by a limited set of direct sales and technical support personnel based in Europe. If we are unable to establish the infrastructure or recruit highly qualified personnel to support our international sales and support organization, if we fail to identify new distribution partners, or if we are unsuccessful in developing awareness and acceptance of our products and technology internationally, our anticipated revenue growth internationally may not materialize at the levels or within the time frame we expect, our customers may not receive the level of service or product dependability they expect from us, and our future financial performance may be adversely affected. Furthermore, the distributors we establish in particular geographic regions may not commit the necessary resources to market and sell our products to meet our expectations. If our distributors do not perform adequately or in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in particular geographic areas, or if we are unable to locate distributors in particular geographic areas, our ability to realize revenue growth based on sales outside the United States would be harmed.

If our customers are not adequately reimbursed or compensated for the use of our products, we may have difficulty selling our products.*

Our ability to sell our products depends in part on the extent to which reimbursement related to performing tests using our products is available from governmental authorities, such as Medicare and other domestic and foreign governmental programs, private insurance plans, managed care organizations, and other organizations. There are ongoing efforts by governmental and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare coverage. For example, a number of Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) recently issued final local coverage determinations limiting or eliminating Medicare coverage for the use of certain multiplex molecular respiratory tests such as our ePlex RP Panel and XT-8 Respiratory Viral Panel (RVP) in an outpatient setting. As a result, this determination may negatively impact the use of our and certain of our competitors’ multiplex respiratory tests within the geographic regions covered by these MACs. In addition, if other MACs and private payors take a similar approach, this potential negative impact could affect the available market for our ePlex RP Panel and XT-8 RVP Panel in additional geographic regions and patient populations. Furthermore, if any of our competitors are successful in obtaining one or more product-specific reimbursement codes and we are unable to obtain such codes for our similar products, or if our competitors are able to obtain product-specific reimbursement levels higher than those for our similarly situated products, the overall demand for our products or the prices at which we are able to sell our products may be negatively impacted.

In addition, efforts to reform the healthcare delivery system in the United States and Europe has increased pressure on healthcare providers to reduce costs. For example, implementation of certain provisions of the Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA) in the United States had a negative impact on reimbursement payments from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for our diagnostics test panels paid under the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS). Under these provisions of PAMA, payments under the CLFS are likely to be reduced annually for the next several years. If purchasers or users of our products are not able to obtain adequate reimbursement for the cost of using our products, either directly or indirectly, they may forego or reduce their purchase and use of our products or the price we may be able to charge for our products could be reduced.

Obtaining coverage and reimbursement approval for a product from each government or third-party payor is a time consuming and costly process that could require us to provide supporting scientific, clinical and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our products to each government or third-party payor. We may not be able to provide data sufficient to gain acceptance with respect to coverage and reimbursement. In addition, eligibility for coverage does not imply that any product will be covered and reimbursed in all cases or reimbursed at a rate that allows our potential customers to make a profit or even cover their costs. Further, third-party payors may choose to reimburse our customers per test based on individual biomarker detection, rather than on the basis of the number of results given by the test panel. This may result in our customers electing to use separate tests to screen for each disease or condition so that they can receive reimbursement for each test they conduct. In that event, these entities may purchase separate tests for each disease, rather than products, such as ours, that can be used to return highly multiplexed test panel results.

From time to time we and our key suppliers experience, and may in the future experience, difficulties scaling manufacturing operations to the levels required to support our anticipated growth in a timely and cost-effective manner.

To date, we have produced our products in limited quantities relative to the quantities necessary to achieve our desired revenue growth. Developing the necessary manufacturing and quality procedures internally and in conjunction with our key suppliers for a significant number of our newly developed, highly complex products and product components is a challenging process. From time to time we and our suppliers experience, and may in the future experience, manufacturing variability and may not be able to consistently produce sufficient quantities of high quality products and product components at the levels necessary to achieve our revenue growth expectations or to support customer demand or our product development timelines. If we or our key suppliers encounter difficulties in producing sufficient yields of high quality products or product components, or scaling manufacturing operations as a result of, among other things, process and manufacturing transfer complexities, quality control and quality assurance issues, and/or availability of subcomponents, equipment and raw material supplies, our reputation may be harmed and we may not achieve our anticipated financial results or product development goals within the time frame we expect, or at all.

Finding solutions to product quality, reliability, variability, and raw material sourcing issues are time consuming and expensive, and we may incur significant additional costs or lose revenue as a result of, among other things, delayed product introduction, product recalls, shipment holds, scrapped material, manufacturing delays or inefficiencies, and warranty and service obligations. In addition, we are implementing a number of measures to reduce the cost of manufacturing our ePlex products. If these efforts are unsuccessful, or if these efforts prove less successful than we anticipate or do not deliver the results within the timeframes we expect, we may not achieve our profitability targets in a timely manner, or at all.

To manage our anticipated future growth effectively, we must enhance our manufacturing and supply chain capabilities, infrastructure and operations, information technology infrastructure, and financial and accounting systems and controls. Organizational growth and scale-up of operations could strain our existing managerial, operational, financial, and other resources. If our management is unable to effectively prepare for our expected future growth, our expenses may increase more than anticipated, our revenue could grow more slowly than expected, and we may not be able to achieve our commercialization, profitability, or product development goals. Our failure to effectively implement the necessary processes and procedures and otherwise prepare for our anticipated growth could have a material adverse effect on our future financial condition and prospects.

Disruptions in the supply of raw materials, consumable goods, or other key product components, or issues associated with their cost or quality from our single source suppliers, could result in delays or difficulties successfully commercializing our ePlex system or a significant disruption in sales and profitability.

We must manufacture or engage third parties to manufacture components of our products in sufficient quantities and on a timely basis, while maintaining product quality and acceptable manufacturing costs and complying with regulatory requirements. Our instrument systems and certain critical components are custom-made by only a few outside suppliers. In certain instances, we and our customers have a sole source supply for certain key products, product components, ancillary items, and raw materials used to run our tests. If we are unable to satisfy our forecasted demand from existing suppliers for our products, or we or our customers are unable to find alternative suppliers for key product components, ancillary items or raw materials at reasonably comparable prices, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, although we have entered into supply agreements with most of our suppliers of strategic reagents and parts to help ensure component availability and flexible purchasing terms with respect to the purchase of such components, if our suppliers discontinue production of a key component for one or more of our products, we may be unable to identify or secure a viable, cost-effective alternative on reasonable terms, or at all, which could limit our ability to manufacture our products.

In determining the required quantities of our products and the manufacturing schedule, we must make significant judgments and estimates based on seasonality, inventory levels, current market trends, product development timelines, overall capacity, and other related factors. Because of the inherent nature of estimates and our limited experience in marketing our products, there could be significant differences between our estimates and the actual amounts of products we require. This can result in shortages if we fail to anticipate demand, or excess inventory and write-offs if we order more than we need.

Reliance on third-party manufacturers entails risk to which we would not be subject if we manufactured these components ourselves, including:

reliance on third parties for regulatory compliance and quality assurance;

possible breaches of manufacturing agreements by the third parties because of factors beyond our control;

possible regulatory violations or manufacturing problems experienced by our suppliers;

possible termination or non-renewal of agreements by third parties, based on their own business priorities, at times that are costly or inconvenient for us;

the potential obsolescence and/or inability of our suppliers to obtain required components;

the potential delays and expenses of seeking alternate sources of supply or manufacturing services;

the inability to qualify alternate sources without impacting performance claims of our products;

reduced control over pricing, quality and timely delivery due to the difficulties in switching to alternate suppliers or assemblers;

the potential for financial hardship or other detrimental circumstances at key suppliers that may impact our ability to source key materials or services required for the manufacturing of our products; and

increases in prices of raw materials and key components.

The manufacturing operations for our test panel cartridges use highly technical processes involving unique, proprietary techniques. In addition, the manufacturing equipment we use would be costly and time consuming to repair or replace. Any interruption in our operations or decrease in the production capacity of our manufacturing facilities or the facilities of any of our key suppliers because of equipment failure, natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes and fires, or otherwise, would limit our ability to meet customer demand for our products and would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In the event of a disruption, we may lose customers and we may be unable to regain those customers thereafter. Our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

If our products do not perform as expected our operating results and business would suffer.

Our success depends on the market’s confidence that we can provide reliable, high quality, molecular diagnostic products. We believe that customers in our target markets are likely to be particularly sensitive to product defects and errors. As a result, our reputation and the public image of our products and technologies will be significantly impaired if our products fail to perform as expected. Although our diagnostic systems are designed to be user friendly, the functions they perform are complex and our products may develop or contain undetected defects or errors.

We currently manufacture our proprietary test cartridges at our Carlsbad, California manufacturing facilities. We outsource the manufacture of our ePlex instrument to Plexus, which specializes in the manufacturing of electronic and electro-mechanical devices. We currently maintain an inventory of XT-8 instruments and related components to satisfy the expected demand for our XT-8 system for the foreseeable future, as well as to service XT-8 instruments installed at customer locations. While we work closely with Plexus to ensure continuity of supply while maintaining high quality and reliability, and we believe our current stock of XT-8 instruments and related components will be sufficient for our and our customers’ anticipated needs, we cannot guarantee that these efforts will be successful.

If we experience a material defect or error in any of our current or future products, it could result in the loss or delay of revenues, increased costs, delayed or reduced market acceptance, damaged reputation, diversion of development and management resources, legal and/or regulatory claims, recalls, increased insurance costs, or increased service and warranty costs, any of which could materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We also face the risk of product liability exposure related to the sale of our products. We currently carry product liability insurance that covers us against specific product liability claims. We also carry a separate general liability and umbrella policy that covers us against certain claims but excludes coverage for product liability. Any claim in excess of our insurance coverage, or for which we do not have insurance coverage, would need to be paid out of our cash reserves, which would harm our financial condition. We cannot assure you that we have obtained sufficient insurance or broad enough coverage to cover potential claims. Also, we cannot assure you that we can or will maintain our insurance policies on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. A product liability claim could significantly harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may need to raise additional funds in the future, and such funds may not be available on a timely basis, or at all.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate positive cash flows from operations, we will be required to finance our operations with our cash resources and amounts made available under our new credit facility. We may need to raise additional funds in the future to support our operations. We cannot be certain that additional capital will be available as needed, on acceptable terms, or at all. If we require additional capital at a time when investment in our company, in molecular diagnostics companies, or the marketplace in general is limited, we may not be able to raise such funds at the time that we desire, or at all. If we do raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible securities, the percentage ownership of holders of our common stock could be significantly diluted. In addition, newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we could be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies and products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

Our quarterly revenue and operating results may vary significantly and we may experience constraints or inefficiencies caused by unanticipated acceleration and deceleration of customer demand.

Revenue from our infectious disease products fluctuates based upon the occurrence of related outbreaks and changes in testing recommendations and available therapies. Influenza and other respiratory-related outbreaks are usually more concentrated in the first and fourth quarters of the year. New information or the introduction of advanced treatment options with respect to a particular disease may also affect the rate of related diagnostic testing. Although certain infectious disease outbreaks tend to occur each year, the timing, severity and length of these incidents varies from one year to another and can vary across different patient populations. In addition, we may not accurately predict the impact of new therapies on disease prevalence or changes to infectious disease testing recommendations affecting our products. As a result of one or more of these factors, we may not be able to accurately forecast sales from our infectious disease products.

Also, unanticipated changes in customer demand for our products may result in constraints or inefficiencies related to our manufacturing, sales force, customer service and administrative infrastructure. These constraints or inefficiencies may adversely affect us as a result of delays, lost potential product sales or loss of current or potential customers due to their dissatisfaction.

Our revenue, results of operations and cash flows would suffer upon the loss of a significant customer.

Our largest customer, Laboratory Corporation of America, Inc., accounted for approximately 16% of our total revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. The loss of a significant customer or a significant reduction in the amount of product ordered by our significant customers may adversely affect our revenue, results of operations and cash flows.

We may not be able to correctly estimate or control our future operating expenses, which could lead to cash shortfalls.*

Our operating expenses may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many of which may be outside of our control. These factors include, but are not limited to:

the time and resources required to develop, and conduct clinical studies and obtain regulatory clearances for, our diagnostic tests;

the expenses we incur to increase our manufacturing capabilities, including expenses to purchase capital equipment and increase our manufacturing capacity and yield;

the expenses we incur for research and development required to maintain and improve our technology, including developing new ePlex test menu;

the costs of preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims and other patent related costs, including litigation costs and the results of such litigation;

the expenses we incur in connection with commercialization activities, including product marketing, sales, and distribution expenses;

the expenses we incur in licensing technologies or securing rights to new products from third parties to expand the menu of products and services we plan to offer;

our sales strategy and whether the revenues from sales of our test cartridges or systems will be sufficient to offset our expenses;

the costs to attract and retain personnel with the skills required for effective operations; and

the costs associated with being a public company.

Our budgeted expense levels are based in part on our expectations concerning manufacturing costs and yield and future revenues from sales of our products, as well as our assessment of the future investments needed to expand our commercial organization and manufacturing capabilities to support our anticipated revenue growth and research and development activities. We may be unable to reduce our expenditures in a timely manner, we may incur expenses for unexpected events, or we may experience a shortfall in revenue. Accordingly, a shortfall in demand for our products or other unexpected costs or events could have an immediate and material impact on our business and financial condition.

The regulatory clearance or approval process for certain products is expensive, time consuming and uncertain, and the failure to obtain and maintain required clearances or approvals could prevent us from commercializing our products.*

We obtained 510(k) clearance from the FDA for our ePlex Instrument and the following ePlex assays: the ePlex RP Panel; the ePlex BCID-GP Panel; the ePlex BCID-GN Panel; and the ePlex BCID-FP Panel. We are investing significantly in the development of new ePlex molecular diagnostic tests to expand our future product offerings, which will require clinical studies and subsequent 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval by the FDA prior to marketing those tests for commercial use in the United States. There are a number of potential risks associated with conducting clinical studies and obtaining regulatory clearance. For example, we may have difficulty maintaining the level of reliability and clinical accuracy required to complete clinical studies and obtain FDA clearance or approval. In addition, the FDA may require that we conduct additional studies that could impact the cost associated with product clearance and could potentially delay commercial launch of new ePlex molecular diagnostic tests in the United States. We may be unsuccessful in obtaining FDA clearance for our expanding ePlex test menu within our expected time frame, or at all, which could adversely impact our future financial performance and cause our stock price to decline.

The regulatory environment is constantly evolving. For example, the FDA conducted a review of the pre-market clearance process in response to internal and external concerns regarding the 510(k) program and, in January 2011, announced 25 action items designed to make the process more rigorous and transparent. Some of these proposals, if enacted, could impose additional regulatory requirements for device manufacturers which could delay our ability to obtain new 510(k) clearances, increase the costs of compliance or restrict our ability to maintain our current clearances. Similarly, the European Union, or EU, is transitioning from the existing European Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices, or IVD Directive (IVDD), to the In Vitro Diagnostic Device Regulation, or IVDR. Specifically, the IVDR repeals and replaces the IVDD. Unlike the directive, which must be implemented into the national laws of the European Economic Area, or EEA, Member States, the IVD regulation is directly applicable in all EEA Member States and is intended to eliminate current differences in regulation of IVDs among EEA Member States. Under the IVDR, the classification of our molecular diagnostic products are impacted, and will result in additional regulatory requirements, which could delay our ability to CE Mark our products. Delays in receipt of, or failure to obtain, clearances or approvals for future products would result in delayed, or no, realization of revenues from such products and in substantial additional costs, which could decrease our profitability.

We must also comply with the applicable FDA and foreign regulatory agency post-market requirements, including routine Notified Body conformity assessments to quality system standards (e.g., ISO13485). Any failure to maintain post-market compliance with FDA or foreign regulatory requirements could harm our business, operations, and/or financial condition.

We derive revenues from the sale of research use only (RUO) tests and custom manufactured reagents, which are not intended for diagnostic purposes. Clinical laboratories are regulated under CLIA and may validate the clinical diagnostic use of an LDT specifically for use in their laboratory using any labeled products. While the FDA has traditionally practiced enforcement discretion regarding the use of the LDTs for clinical diagnostic purposes, there have been regulatory actions indicating a potential change in enforcement practices (e.g., the FDA has promulgated draft guidance which outlines stringent regulatory requirements for CLIA labs to use LDTs for clinical diagnostic application and the FDA has issued warning letters to labs marketing the clinical utility of LDTs). These proposed requirements, if implemented, may result in a significant reduction in the sale of our RUO or custom manufactured products, which could reduce our revenues and adversely affect our operations and/or financial condition.

We are subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to health care fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback, self-referral, false claims and fraud laws, and any violations by us of such laws could result in fines or other penalties.

Our commercial, research and other financial relationships with healthcare providers and institutions are subject to various federal and state laws intended to prevent health care fraud and abuse. The federal anti-kickback statute prohibits the knowing offer, receipt or payment of remuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients or the use of products or services that would be paid for in whole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash, improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well as private payors. Violations of the anti-kickback laws can result in exclusion from federal health care programs and substantial civil and criminal penalties.

The False Claims Act (FCA) imposes liability on persons who, among other things, present or cause to be presented false or fraudulent claims for payment by a federal health care program. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons submitting claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, that are for services not provided as claimed, or for services that are not medically necessary. We have implemented procedures designed to ensure our compliance with relevant legal requirements. Nevertheless, if our marketing, sales or other arrangements, including our reagent rental arrangements, were determined to violate anti-kickback or related laws, including the FCA, then our revenues could be adversely affected, which would likely harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Health Care Act also imposes reporting and disclosure requirements on device manufacturers for payments to healthcare providers and ownership of their stock by healthcare providers. In February 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or, CMS, released the final rule implementing the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, or the Sunshine Act. The law requires certain pharmaceutical, biologic, and medical device manufacturers to annually report to CMS payments or other transfers of value they furnish to physicians and teaching hospitals. These reporting requirements took effect on August 1, 2013. Failure to submit required information may result in significant civil monetary penalties. We expect compliance with the Sunshine Act to impose significant administrative and financial burdens on us.

In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians for marketing. Some states, such as California, Massachusetts and Vermont, mandate implementation of corporate compliance programs, along with the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensation and other remuneration to physicians. The shifting commercial compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust and expandable systems to comply with different compliance and/or reporting requirements in multiple jurisdictions increases the possibility that a healthcare company may run afoul of one or more of the requirements.

We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and other countries’ anti-corruption/anti-bribery regimes, such as the U.K. Bribery Act. The FCPA prohibits improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Safeguards we implement to discourage improper payments or offers of payments by our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors may be ineffective, and violations of the FCPA and similar laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, or other liabilities or proceedings against us, any of which would likely harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Legislative or regulatory healthcare reforms may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Federal and state governments in the United States are undertaking efforts to control growing health care costs through legislation, regulation and voluntary agreements with medical care providers and third-party payors. In March 2010, Congress enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or the PPACA. While the PPACA involves expanding coverage to more individuals, it includes regulatory mandates and other measures designed to constrain medical costs. Among other requirements, the PPACA imposes a 2.3% excise tax on sales of medical devices by manufacturers. In December 2015, the excise tax was suspended for 2016 and 2017, and, in January 2018, the excise tax was further suspended until 2020. Taxable devices include certain medical devices intended for use by humans, with limited exclusions for devices purchased by the general public at retail for individual use. There is no exemption for small companies, and we paid the tax from 2013 through 2015. Recently, Congress and the administration have proposed and taken various steps to revise, repeal, or delay implementation of various aspects of PPACA. If the PPACA is significantly revised, repealed, or if implementation of various aspects are delayed, such modification, repeal, or delay may impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities. Complying with PPACA may significantly increase our tax liabilities and costs, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The Budget Control Act of 2011 provided, among other things, aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, which began in 2013 and will remain in effect through 2025 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In addition to the potential impacts to PPACA under the current administration, there could be sweeping changes to the Budget Control Act and other healthcare reforms. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017 eliminated the shared responsibility payment for individuals who fail to maintain minimum essential coverage under section 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, commonly referred to as the individual mandate, beginning in 2019. Additional changes to the PPACA remain possible. We expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our products or additional pricing pressure.

Our products could infringe patent rights of others, which may require costly litigation and, if we are not successful, could cause us to pay substantial damages or limit our ability to commercialize our products.

Our commercial success depends on our ability to develop, manufacture and market our systems and tests and use our proprietary technology without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties. As the molecular diagnostics industry expands and more patents are issued, the risk increases that there may be patents issued to third parties that relate to our products and technology of which we are not aware or that we must challenge to continue our operations as currently contemplated. Our products may infringe or may be alleged to infringe these patents.

The patent positions of medical device companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in patents in these fields has emerged to date in the United States or in many foreign jurisdictions. Both the U.S. Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit have made, and will likely continue to make, changes in how the patent laws of the United States are interpreted. For example, three Supreme Court cases, Association for Molecular Pathology et al. v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al., Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, and Alice v. CLS Bank, have introduced additional questions regarding the patentability of isolated naturally occurring genes and gene fragments, proteins, peptides, natural products, and related diagnostic and therapeutic methods, which are likely to be resolved only through continued litigation. The overall impact of these decisions and others on the molecular diagnostics industry remains uncertain and our interpretation of the scope of these rulings on existing or future patents may be inaccurate.

There is a significant amount of uncertainty regarding the extent of patent protection and infringement. Companies may have filed pending patent applications that cover technologies we incorporate in our products. As a result, we could be subjected to substantial damages for past infringement or be required to modify our products or stop selling them if it is ultimately determined that our products infringe a third party’s proprietary rights. Even if we are successful in defending against potential intellectual property infringement claims, we could incur substantial costs in doing so. Any litigation related to such claims could consume our resources and lead to significant damages, royalty payments, or an injunction on the sale of certain products. Any additional licenses to patented technology could obligate us to pay substantial additional royalties, which could adversely impact our product costs and harm our business.

If we are unable to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property protection covering our products, others may be able to make, use or sell products substantially the same as ours, which could adversely affect our ability to compete in the market.

Our commercial success is dependent in part on obtaining, maintaining and enforcing intellectual property rights, including our patents and other intellectual property rights. If we are unable to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property protection covering our products, others may be able to make, use or sell products that are substantially the same as ours without incurring the sizable development and licensing costs that we have incurred, which would adversely affect our ability to compete in the market.

We seek to obtain and maintain patents and other intellectual property rights to restrict the ability of others to market products that compete with our products. Currently, our patent portfolio is comprised on a worldwide basis of more than 100 owned and exclusively licensed patents and approximately 50 additional pending patent applications. In general, patents have a term of at least 20 years from the application filing date or earlier claimed priority date. Several of our pending applications have the potential to mature into patents that may expire between 2028 and 2038. However, not all of the pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us are guaranteed to mature into patents, and, moreover, issued patents owned by or licensed to us now or in the future may be found by a court to be invalid or otherwise unenforceable. Also, even if our patents are determined by a court to be valid and enforceable, they may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from marketing products similar to ours or designing around our patents, despite our patent rights, nor provide us with freedom to operate unimpeded by the patent rights of others.

We also rely on trade-secret protection to protect our interests in proprietary know-how and for processes for which patents are difficult to obtain or enforce. We may not be able to protect our trade secrets adequately. We have limited control over the protection of trade secrets used by our licensors, collaborators and suppliers. Although we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, contractors, outside scientific collaborators and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. Enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained and is using any of our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. We rely, in part, on non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and other parties to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary technology. These agreements may be breached and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. Moreover, others may independently develop equivalent proprietary information, and third parties may otherwise gain access to our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge. Any disclosure of confidential data into the public domain or to third parties could allow our competitors to learn our trade secrets and use the information in competition against us.

We and our suppliers, contract manufacturers and customers are subject to various governmental regulations, and we may incur significant expenses to comply with, and experience delays in our product commercialization as a result of, these regulations.

Our manufacturing processes and facilities and those of some of our contract manufacturers must comply with Quality System Regulation, or QSR, and certain foreign regulatory requirements, which cover the procedures and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, storage and shipping of our devices. The FDA and other foreign regulatory bodies enforce the QSR and similar foreign regulatory requirements through periodic announced and/or unannounced inspections of manufacturing facilities. We and our contract manufacturers have been, and anticipate in the future being, subject to such inspections, as well as to inspections by other federal and state regulatory agencies.

We must also file reports of device corrections and removals and adhere to the domestic and foreign rules on labeling and promotion. The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant liability, including substantial monetary penalties and criminal prosecution.

Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, or later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products or manufacturing processes, including our failure or the failure of one of our contract manufacturers to take satisfactory corrective action in response to an adverse regulatory inspection, can result in, among other things:

administrative or judicially imposed sanctions;

injunctions or the imposition of civil penalties;

recall or seizure of our products;

total or partial suspension of production or distribution;

withdrawal or suspension of marketing clearances or approvals;

clinical holds;

warning letters;

refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and

criminal prosecution.

Any of these actions, in combination or alone, could prevent us from marketing, distributing or selling our products and would likely harm our business.

In addition, a product defect or regulatory violation could lead to a government-mandated or voluntary recall by us. We believe that the FDA would request that we initiate a voluntary recall if a product was defective or presented a reasonable risk of injury or gross deception. Regulatory agencies in other countries have similar authority to recall devices because of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture that could endanger health. Any recall would divert management attention and financial resources, could cause the price of our common stock to decline and expose us to product liability or other claims, including contractual claims from parties to whom we sold products, and harm our reputation with customers.

The use of our diagnostic products by our customers is also affected by CLIA and related federal and state regulations that provide for regulation of laboratory testing. CLIA is intended to ensure the quality and reliability of clinical laboratories in the United States by mandating specific standards in the areas of personnel qualifications, administration, participation in proficiency testing, patient test management, quality assurance, quality control and inspections. Current or future CLIA requirements or the promulgation of additional regulations affecting laboratory testing may prevent some laboratories from using some or all of our diagnostic products.

Our credit facility contains restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.

We must comply with certain affirmative and negative covenants under our credit facility, including covenants that limit or restrict our ability to, among other things:

incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares;

pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of, our capital stock or make other restricted payments;

make certain investments or acquisitions;

sell certain assets;

create liens; or

enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.

If we default under the agreement, because of a covenant breach or otherwise, the outstanding amounts thereunder could become immediately due and payable, and the lenders could terminate all commitments to extend further financing.

We have a history of net losses, and we may never achieve or maintain profitability.

We have a history of significant net losses and a limited history commercializing our molecular diagnostic products. Our net losses were approximately $50.5 million, $61.9 million and $50.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $466.9 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses for the foreseeable future in connection with our ongoing operations, primarily related to expanding our commercial organization (sales and marketing) and manufacturing activities related to our ePlex system, maintaining our existing intellectual property portfolio, obtaining additional intellectual property rights, and investing in corporate infrastructure. We cannot provide any assurance that we will achieve profitability and, even if we achieve profitability, that we will be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Further, because of our limited commercialization history and the rapidly evolving nature of our target market, we have limited insight into the trends that may emerge and affect our business. We may make errors in predicting and reacting to relevant business trends, which could harm our business and financial condition.

We incur costs and demands upon management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies in the United States, and failure to comply with these laws could harm our business and the price of our common stock.

As a public company listed in the United States, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including regulations implemented by the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), and The NASDAQ Global Market, may increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If we nevertheless fail to comply with new laws, regulations and standards, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.

Economic conditions and an uncertain economic outlook may adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Global economic conditions may remain challenging and uncertain for the foreseeable future. These conditions may not only limit our access to capital but also make it extremely difficult for our customers, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, and they could cause U.S. and foreign businesses and consumers to slow spending on our products and services, which would delay and lengthen sales cycles. Some of our customers rely on government research grants to fund technology purchases. If negative trends in the economy affect the government’s allocation of funds to research, there may be less grant funding available for certain of our customers to purchase technologies from us. Certain of our customers may face challenges gaining timely access to sufficient credit or may otherwise be faced with budget constraints, which could result in decreased purchases of our products or in an impairment of their ability to make timely payments to us. If our customers do not make timely payments to us, we may be required to assume greater credit risk relating to those customers, increase our allowance for doubtful accounts, and our days sales outstanding would be negatively impacted. Although we maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments, we may not continue to experience the same loss rates that we have in the past. Additionally, these economic conditions and market turbulence may also impact our suppliers, causing them to be unable to supply sufficient quantities of customized components in a timely manner, thereby impairing our ability to manufacture on schedule and at commercially reasonable costs.

We are exposed to risks associated with long-lived and intangible assets that may become impaired and result in an impairment charge.

The carrying amounts of long-lived and intangible assets are affected whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of any asset may not be recoverable. These events or changes might include an inability to successfully deliver an instrument to the marketplace and attain customer acceptance, a change in the rights or use of licensed intellectual property, adjustments to our depreciation assumptions, or other matters. Adverse events or changes in circumstances may affect the estimated discounted future cash flows expected to be derived from long-lived and intangible assets. If at any time we determine that an impairment has occurred, we will be required to reflect the impaired value as a charge, resulting in a reduction in earnings in the quarter such impairment is identified and a corresponding reduction in our net asset value. In the past we have incurred, and in the future we may incur, impairment charges. A material reduction in earnings resulting from such a charge could cause us to fail to meet the expectations of investors and securities analysts, which could cause the price of our stock to decline.

Providing instrument systems to our customers through reagent rental agreements may harm our liquidity.

Many of our systems are provided to customers via “reagent rental” agreements, under which customers are generally afforded the right to use the instrument in return for a commitment to purchase minimum quantities of reagents and test cartridges over a period of time. Accordingly, we must either incur the expense of manufacturing instruments well in advance of receiving sufficient revenues from test cartridges to recover our expenses or obtain third party financing sources for the purchase of our instrument. The amount of capital required to provide instrument systems to customers depends on the number of systems placed. Our ability to generate capital to cover these costs depends on the amount of our revenues from sales of reagents and test cartridges sold through our reagent rental agreements. We do not currently sell enough reagents and test cartridges to recover all of our fixed expenses, and therefore we currently have a net loss. If we cannot sell a sufficient number of reagents and test cartridges to offset our fixed expenses, our liquidity will continue to be adversely affected.

We use hazardous chemicals, biological materials and infectious agents in our business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and costly.

Our research, product development and manufacturing processes involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals, biological materials and infectious disease agents. Our operations produce hazardous waste products. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and any resulting injury from these materials. We may be sued for any injury or contamination that results from our use or the use by third parties of these materials, and our liability may exceed our insurance coverage and our total assets. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials and specified waste products, as well as the discharge of pollutants into the environment and human health and safety matters. Our operations are regulated and may require that environmental permits and approvals be issued by applicable government agencies. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may be expensive and may impair our research, development and production efforts. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur substantial costs, including civil or criminal fines and penalties, clean-up costs or capital expenditures for control equipment or operational changes necessary to achieve and maintain compliance. In addition, we cannot predict the impact on our business of new or amended environmental laws or regulations or any changes in the way existing and future laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced.

If we are unable to retain key employees or hire additional skilled employees, we may be unable to achieve our goals.

Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance of our senior management. Competition for top management personnel is intense and we may not be able to recruit and retain the personnel we need. Our senior managers can terminate their relationship with us at any time. The loss of services of any of these key personnel could significantly reduce our operational effectiveness and investor confidence and our stock price could decline. We do not maintain key-man life insurance on any of our employees.

In addition, our product development and marketing efforts could be delayed or curtailed if we are unable to attract, train and retain highly skilled technical employees and scientific advisors. To expand our research, product development and commercial efforts, we will need to retain additional people skilled in areas such as electrochemical and molecular science, information technology, manufacturing, sales, marketing and technical support. Because of the complex and technical nature of our systems and the dynamic market in which we compete, any failure to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees could materially harm our ability to develop and commercialize our technology. We may not be successful in hiring or retaining qualified personnel, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Cyberattacks and other security breaches could compromise our proprietary information which could harm our business and reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we generate, collect and store proprietary information, including intellectual property and business information. The secure storage, maintenance, and transmission of and access to this information is critical to our operations, business strategy, and reputation. Computer hackers may attempt to penetrate our computer systems or our third party IT service providers' systems and, if successful, misappropriate our proprietary information. In addition, an employee, contractor, or other third-party with whom we do business may attempt to circumvent our security measures in order to obtain such information, and may purposefully or inadvertently cause a breach involving such information. While we will continue to implement additional protective measures to reduce the risk of and detect cyberattacks, these incidents are becoming more sophisticated and frequent, and the techniques used in such attacks evolve rapidly and are difficult to detect. Despite our cybersecurity measures, our information technology networks and infrastructure may still be vulnerable to unpermitted access by hackers or other breaches, or employee error or malfeasance. Any such compromise of our, or our third party IT service providers' data security and access to, or public disclosure or loss of, confidential business or proprietary intellectual property information could disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, provide our competitors with valuable information, and subject us to additional costs which could adversely affect our business.

Information technology systems implementation issues could disrupt our internal operations and adversely affect our financial results.

Portions of our information technology infrastructure may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with ongoing systems implementation work. In particular, we have implemented an enterprise resource planning software system. To more fully realize the potential of this system, we are continually reassessing and upgrading processes and this may be more expensive, time consuming and resource intensive than planned. Any disruptions that may occur in the operation of this system or any future systems could increase our expenses and adversely affect our ability to report in an accurate and timely manner the results of our consolidated operations, our financial position and cash flows and to otherwise operate our business in a secure environment, all of which could adversely affect our financial results, stock price and reputation.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards may be limited.

As of December 31, 2018, we had net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards available of approximately $306.8 million for U.S. federal income tax purposes. These loss carryforwards will expire in varying amounts through 2037. Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, generally imposes an annual limitation on the amount of NOL carryforwards that may be used to offset taxable income when a corporation has undergone significant changes in stock ownership. We have determined that we have experienced multiple ownership changes under Section 382 of the Code. Our ability to use the current federal and state NOL carryforwards may also be limited by the issuance of common stock in the future. To the extent our use of federal and state NOL carryforwards is limited, our income may be subject to corporate income tax earlier than it would if we were able to use the state or federal NOL carryforwards. We have recorded a full valuation allowance against our federal and state net deferred tax assets.

We also had state NOL carryforwards of approximately $215 million as of December 31, 2018. We have recorded a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and Delaware law could make an acquisition of our Company, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove the current members of our board and management.

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change of control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. Furthermore, these provisions could prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove members of our Board of Directors. These provisions also could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. Stockholders who wish to participate in these transactions may not have the opportunity to do so. These provisions:

allow the authorized number of directors to be changed only by resolution of our Board of Directors;

provide that our stockholders may remove our directors only for cause;

establish a classified board of directors, such that not all members of the Board of Directors may be elected at one time;

authorize our Board of Directors to issue without stockholder approval up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, that, if issued, would dilute our stock ownership and could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that is not approved by our Board of Directors;

authorize our Board of Directors to issue without stockholder approval up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, the rights of which will be determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors that, if issued, could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that is not approved by our Board of Directors;

require that stockholder actions must be effected at a duly called stockholder meeting or by unanimous written consent;

establish advance notice requirements for stockholder nominations to our Board of Directors or for stockholder proposals that can be acted on at stockholder meetings;

limit who may call stockholder meetings; and

require the approval of the holders of 80% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote in order to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws.

In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may, unless certain criteria are met, prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of the voting rights on our common stock, from merging or combining with us for a prescribed period of time.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS



Exhibit	Description
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 ~~(File No. 333-165562)~~ filed with the SEC on March 19, 2010).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 2, 2018).
10.1*	~~The GenMark Diagnostics 2019 Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2019).~~
~~10.2+~~	Loan and Security Agreement dated February 1, 2019 by and among GenMark Diagnostics, Inc. and its domestic subsidiaries, as co-borrowers, and Solar Capital Ltd. and the financial institutions that are or become parties to the Agreement, as Lenders.
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. §1350.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which any director or named executive officer participates.

~~+ Portions of this exhibit have been redacted in compliance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10).~~

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



			GENMARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.


Date:	~~April 30,~~August 5, 2019	By:	/s/ HANY MASSARANY
			Hany Massarany
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)



Date:	~~April 30,~~August 5, 2019	By:	/s/ JOHNNY EK
			Johnny Ek
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

3147