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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021

☐Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     .
001-35542
(Commission File number)
cubi-20210630_g1.jpg
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.

Pennsylvania 27-2290659
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.)
701 Reading Avenue
West Reading, PA 19611
(Address of principal executive offices)
(610) 933-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolsName of Each Exchange on which Registered
Voting Common Stock, par value $1.00 per shareCUBINew York Stock Exchange
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual
Preferred Stock, Series C, par value $1.00 per share		CUBI/PCNew York Stock Exchange
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual
Preferred Stock, Series D, par value $1.00 per share		CUBI/PDNew York Stock Exchange
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual
Preferred Stock, Series E, par value $1.00 per share		CUBI/PENew York Stock Exchange
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual
Preferred Stock, Series F, par value $1.00 per share		CUBI/PFNew York Stock Exchange
5.375% Subordinated Notes due 2034CUBBNew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filerxoAccelerated filerFilerox
Non-accelerated filer
o 
Smaller Reporting Company☐
Emerging Growth Company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)    Yes  ☐    No  x




________________________________________ 
On October 30, 2020, 31,601,311August 6, 2021, 32,373,955 shares of Voting Common Stock were outstanding.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
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GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
The following list of abbreviations and acronyms may be used throughout this Report, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
2004 Plan2012 Amendment and Restatement of the Customers Bancorp, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Incentive Equity and Deferred Compensation Plan
2010 Plan2010 Stock Option Plan
2019 Plan2019 Stock Incentive Plan
ACLAllowance for credit losses
AFSAvailable for sale
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ALLLAllowance for loan and lease losses
AOCIAccumulated other comprehensive income
ASUAccounting Standards Update
ATMAutomated teller machine
BancorpCustomers Bancorp, Inc.
BankCustomers Bank
BBB spreadBBB rated corporate bond spreads to U.S. Treasury securities
BHCABank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended
BMTBankMobile Technologies, Inc.
BM TechnologiesBM Technologies, Inc.
BOLIBank-owned life insurance
BRRPCAABonus Recognition and Retention ProgramThe Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
CARES ActCoronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act
CCFCustomers Commercial Finance, LLC
CECLCurrent expected credit loss
CEOCompanyChief Executive OfficerCustomers Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries
CFOChief Financial Officer
CFPBConsumer Financial Protection Bureau
COSOCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
COVID-19Coronavirus Disease 2019
CRACommunity Reinvestment Act
CPIConsumer Price Index
CUBISymbol for Customers Bancorp, Inc. common stock traded on the NYSE
CustomersCustomers Bancorp, Inc. and Customers Bank, collectively
Customers BancorpCustomers Bancorp, Inc.
DCFDiscounted cash flow
DepartmentPennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities
DCFDisbursement BusinessDiscounted cash flowOne Account Student Checking and Refund Management Disbursement Services Business
DIFDeposit Insurance Fund
Dodd-Frank ActDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
EDUnited StatesU.S. Department of Education
EGRRCPAThe Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018
EPSEarnings per share
ESPPERISAThe Employee Stock Purchase PlanRetirement Income Security Act of 1974
EVEEconomic value of equity
FASBExchange ActFinancial Accounting Standards BoardSecurities Exchange Act of 1934
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDICIAFed FundsFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991Reserve Board's Effective Federal Funds Rate
Federal Reserve BoardBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FERPAFamily Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1975
FHAFederal Housing Administration
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FPRDFinal Program Review Determination
FRBFederal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
FTC ActFederal Trade Commission Act
GDPGross domestic product
GNMAGovernment National Mortgage Association
GLBAGramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
HECMHigher OneHome Equity Conversion MortgageHigher One Holdings, Inc.
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HTMHeld to maturity
Interest-only GNMA securitiesInterest-only classes of Ginnie Mae guaranteed home equity conversation mortgage-backed securities
IRSInternal Revenue Service
Legacy LoansTotal 2009 and prior loans
LIBORLondon Interbank Offered Rate
LIHTCLow-Income Housing Tax Credit
LPOLimited Purpose Office
MFACMegalith Financial Acquisition Corp.
MMDAMoney market deposit accounts
NIMNet interest margin, tax equivalent
NMNot meaningful
Non-QMNon-qualified mortgage
NPANon-performing asset
NPLNon-performing loan
NPRMNotice of Proposed Rulemaking
NYSENew York Stock Exchange
OCCOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCIOther comprehensive income
OFACOffice of Foreign Assets Control
OISOvernight index swap
OrderFederal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended
OREOOther real estate owned
OTTIOther-than-temporary impairment
PATRIOT ActProviding Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001
PCAOBPublic Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
PCDPurchased with Credit DeteriorationCredit-Deteriorated
PCIPurchased Credit-Impaired
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PPPPaycheck Protection Program
PPPLFFRB Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility
Rate ShocksInterest rates rising or falling immediately
ROURight-of-use
SABStaff Accounting Bulletin
SAGSpecial Assets Group
Sales AgreementAt Market Issuance Sales Agreement between Customers Bancorp and FBR Capital Markets & Co., Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC
SBASmall Business Administration
SBA loansLoans originated pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SBA
SECU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities ActSecurities Act of 1933, as amended
Series C Preferred StockFixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series C
Series D Preferred StockFixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series D
Series E Preferred StockFixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series E
Series F Preferred StockFixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series F
TDRTroubled debt restructuring
TRACTerminal Rental Adjustment Clause
UCCUniform Commercial Code
U.S. GAAPAccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
VAUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs


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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET — UNAUDITED
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
September 30,
2020		December 31,
2019
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks$5,822 $33,095 
Interest earning deposits325,594 179,410 
Cash and cash equivalents331,416 212,505 
Investment securities, at fair value1,133,831 595,876 
Loans held for sale (includes $6,998 and $2,130, respectively, at fair value)26,689 486,328 
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value3,913,593 2,245,758 
Loans receivable, PPP4,964,105 0 
Loans and leases receivable7,700,892 7,318,988 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases(155,561)(56,379)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases16,423,029 9,508,367 
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock70,387 84,214 
Accrued interest receivable65,668 38,072 
Bank premises and equipment, net11,744 9,389 
Bank-owned life insurance277,826 272,546 
Other real estate owned131 173 
Goodwill and other intangibles14,437 15,195 
Other assets423,569 298,052 
Total assets$18,778,727 $11,520,717 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand, non-interest bearing$2,327,017 $1,343,391 
Interest bearing8,512,060 7,305,545 
Total deposits10,839,077 8,648,936 
Federal funds purchased680,000 538,000 
FHLB advances850,000 850,000 
Other borrowings123,935 123,630 
Subordinated debt181,324 181,115 
FRB PPP liquidity facility4,811,009 0 
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities241,891 126,241 
Total liabilities17,727,236 10,467,922 
Commitments and contingencies (NOTE 15)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share; liquidation preference $25.00 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 9,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of
September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019
217,471 217,471 
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 32,835,743 and 32,617,410 shares issued as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 31,555,124 and 31,336,791 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 201932,836 32,617 
Additional paid in capital452,965 444,218 
Retained earnings385,750 381,519 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(15,751)(1,250)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,280,619 shares as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019)(21,780)(21,780)
Total shareholders’ equity1,051,491 1,052,795 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$18,778,727 $11,520,717 
June 30,
2021		December 31,
2020
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks$36,837 $78,090 
Interest earning deposits393,663 615,264 
Cash and cash equivalents430,500 693,354 
Investment securities, at fair value1,526,792 1,210,285 
Loans held for sale (includes $6,074 and $5,509, respectively, at fair value)34,540 79,086 
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value2,855,284 3,616,432 
Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 4,561,365 
Loans and leases receivable7,772,142 7,575,368 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases(125,436)(144,176)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases16,807,046 15,608,989 
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock39,895 71,368 
Accrued interest receivable90,009 80,412 
Bank premises and equipment, net10,391 11,225 
Bank-owned life insurance329,421 280,067 
Goodwill and other intangibles3,853 3,969 
Other assets362,661 338,438 
Assets of discontinued operations0 62,055 
Total assets$19,635,108 $18,439,248 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand, non-interest bearing$2,699,869 $2,356,998 
Interest bearing11,174,070 8,952,931 
Total deposits13,873,939 11,309,929 
Federal funds purchased0 250,000 
FHLB advances0 850,000 
Other borrowings124,240 124,037 
Subordinated debt181,534 181,394 
FRB PPP liquidity facility3,865,865 4,415,016 
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities338,801 152,082 
Liabilities of discontinued operations0 39,704 
Total liabilities18,384,379 17,322,162 
Commitments and contingencies (NOTE 14)00
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share; liquidation preference $25.00 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 9,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of
June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020
217,471 217,471 
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 33,633,875 and 32,985,707 shares issued as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 32,353,256 and 31,705,088 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 202033,634 32,986 
Additional paid in capital519,294 455,592 
Retained earnings496,844 438,581 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net5,266 (5,764)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,280,619 shares as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020)(21,780)(21,780)
Total shareholders’ equity1,250,729 1,117,086 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$19,635,108 $18,439,248 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) — UNAUDITED
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2020201920202019
Interest income:
Loans and leases$132,107 $118,444 $366,634 $315,126 
Investment securities6,297 5,867 17,429 18,589 
Other1,246 2,407 6,149 6,030 
Total interest income139,650 126,718 390,212 339,745 
Interest expense:
Deposits18,347 38,267 75,939 105,472 
FHLB advances5,762 7,563 15,889 20,463 
Subordinated debt2,689 1,684 8,066 5,053 
FRB PPP liquidity facility, federal funds purchased and other borrowings5,413 3,469 9,576 9,039 
Total interest expense32,211 50,983 109,470 140,027 
Net interest income107,439 75,735 280,742 199,718 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases12,955 4,426 65,688 14,539 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses on loans and leases94,484 71,309 215,054 185,179 
Non-interest income:
Interchange and card revenue4,081 6,869 17,368 22,435 
Deposit fees3,439 3,642 10,221 9,199 
Commercial lease income4,510 3,080 13,286 8,212 
Bank-owned life insurance1,746 1,824 5,265 5,477 
Mortgage warehouse transactional fees3,320 2,150 7,854 5,145 
Gain (loss) on sale of SBA and other loans286 0 320 0 
Mortgage banking income1,013 283 1,347 701 
Loss upon acquisition of interest-only GNMA securities0 0 0 (7,476)
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities11,707 1,001 20,035 1,001 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities238 1,333 60 988 
Other3,453 3,187 2,203 9,443 
Total non-interest income33,793 23,369 77,959 55,125 
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits32,676 27,193 92,283 79,936 
Technology, communication and bank operations13,215 8,755 39,576 33,110 
Professional services7,253 8,348 19,476 18,639 
Occupancy3,632 3,661 9,689 9,628 
Commercial lease depreciation3,663 2,459 10,733 6,633 
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes, and regulatory fees3,784 (777)9,019 3,368 
Provision for operating losses1,186 3,998 3,166 8,223 
Advertising and promotion0 976 2,221 3,145 
Merger and acquisition related expenses1,035 0 1,110 0 
Loan workout846 495 3,020 1,458 
Other real estate owned7 108 26 151 
Other(1,736)4,376 5,206 8,869 
Total non-interest expense65,561 59,592 195,525 173,160 
Income before income tax expense62,716 35,086 97,488 67,144 
Income tax expense12,201 8,020 21,156 15,343 
Net income50,515 27,066 76,332 51,801 
Preferred stock dividends3,430 3,615 10,626 10,844 
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders$47,085 $23,451 $65,706 $40,957 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share$1.49 $0.75 $2.09 $1.32 
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share$1.48 $0.74 $2.07 $1.30 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2021202020212020
Interest income:
Loans and leases$153,608 $118,447 $305,725 $234,527 
Investment securities8,327 6,155 16,306 11,132 
Other946 616 1,965 4,902 
Total interest income162,881 125,218 323,996 250,561 
Interest expense:
Deposits15,653 23,238 31,311 57,591 
FHLB advances963 4,736 6,155 10,127 
Subordinated debt2,689 2,689 5,378 5,378 
FRB PPP liquidity facility, federal funds purchased and other borrowings4,819 2,573 9,664 4,163 
Total interest expense24,124 33,236 52,508 77,259 
Net interest income138,757 91,982 271,488 173,302 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases3,291 20,946 372 52,732 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses on loans and leases135,466 71,036 271,116 120,570 
Non-interest income:
Interchange and card revenue84 193 169 463 
Deposit fees891 502 1,754 1,054 
Commercial lease income5,311 4,508 10,516 8,776 
Bank-owned life insurance2,765 1,757 4,444 3,519 
Mortgage warehouse transactional fees3,265 2,582 7,512 4,533 
Gain (loss) on sale of SBA and other loans1,900 23 3,475 34 
Mortgage banking income386 38 849 334 
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities1,812 4,353 25,378 8,328 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities1,746 1,200 2,720 (178)
Loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries(2,840)0 (2,840)0 
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives(439)(4,158)2,098 (5,304)
Loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations0 0 (24,467)0 
Other1,941 713 3,682 1,312 
Total non-interest income16,822 11,711 35,290 22,871 
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits28,023 23,192 51,994 43,716 
Technology, communication and bank operations19,618 11,103 39,606 21,642 
Professional services8,234 2,974 14,523 6,519 
Occupancy2,482 2,639 5,103 5,252 
Commercial lease depreciation4,415 3,643 8,706 7,070 
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees2,602 2,368 5,321 5,235 
Merger and acquisition related expenses0 0 418 0 
Loan workout102 1,808 (159)2,175 
Advertising and promotion313 372 874 1,795 
Other5,034 1,692 6,364 5,354 
Total non-interest expense70,823 49,791 132,750 98,758 
Income before income tax expense81,465 32,956 173,656 44,683 
Income tax expense20,124 7,980 37,684 11,254 
Net income from continuing operations$61,341 $24,976 $135,972 $33,429 
(continued)
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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) — UNAUDITED
(amounts in thousands)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2020201920202019
Net income$50,515 $27,066 $76,332 $51,801 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period(1,090)7,858 25,127 46,430 
Income tax effect283 (2,043)(6,533)(12,072)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income(11,707)(1,001)(20,035)(1,001)
Income tax effect3,044 260 5,209 260 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities(9,470)5,074 3,768 33,617 
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period580 (5,163)(33,486)(26,204)
Income tax effect(151)1,342 8,884 6,813 
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income4,400 764 8,596 355 
Income tax effect(1,145)(198)(2,263)(92)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges3,684 (3,255)(18,269)(19,128)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effect(5,786)1,819 (14,501)14,489 
Comprehensive income (loss)$44,729 $28,885 $61,831 $66,290 
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes$0 $(3,190)$(20,354)$(9,911)
Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations0 (932)17,682 (2,299)
Net loss from discontinued operations0 (2,258)(38,036)(7,612)
Net income61,341 22,718 97,936 25,817 
Preferred stock dividends3,299 3,581 6,690 7,196 
Net income available to common shareholders$58,042 $19,137 $91,246 $18,621 
Basic earnings per common share from continuing operations$1.80 $0.68 $4.03 $0.83 
Basic earnings per common share1.80 0.61 2.84 0.59 
Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations1.72 0.68 3.88 0.83 
Diluted earnings per common share1.72 0.61 2.74 0.59 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) — UNAUDITED
(amounts in thousands)
 Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2021202020212020
Net income$61,341 $22,718 $97,936 $25,817 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period592 35,315 992 26,217 
Income tax effect(154)(9,182)(258)(6,816)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income(1,812)(4,353)(25,378)(8,328)
Income tax effect471 1,131 6,598 2,165 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities(903)22,911 (18,046)13,238 
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period6 (6,369)12,321 (34,066)
Income tax effect(2)1,684 (3,204)9,035 
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income1,046 2,718 26,972 4,196 
Income tax effect(272)(734)(7,013)(1,118)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges778 (2,701)29,076 (21,953)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effect(125)20,210 11,030 (8,715)
Comprehensive income (loss)$61,216 $42,928 $108,966 $17,102 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY — UNAUDITED
(amounts in thousands, except shares outstanding data)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Preferred StockCommon Stock
Shares of
Preferred
Stock
Outstanding		Preferred
Stock		Shares of
Common
Stock
Outstanding		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance, June 30, 20209,000,000 $217,471 31,510,287 $32,791 $450,665 $338,665 $(9,965)$(21,780)$1,007,847 
Net income— — — — — 50,515 — — 50,515 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — (5,786)— (5,786)
Preferred stock dividends(1)
— — — — — (3,430)— — (3,430)
Share-based compensation expense— — — — 2,028 — — — 2,028 
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 44,837 45 272 — — — 317 
Balance, September 30, 20209,000,000 $217,471 31,555,124 $32,836 $452,965 $385,750 $(15,751)$(21,780)$1,051,491 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Preferred StockCommon Stock
Shares of
Preferred
Stock
Outstanding		Preferred StockShares of
Common
Stock
Outstanding		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance, June 30, 20199,000,000 $217,471 31,202,023 $32,483 $439,067 $334,157 $(9,993)$(21,780)$991,405 
Net income— — — — — 27,066 — — 27,066 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — 1,819 — 1,819 
Preferred stock dividends(1)
— — — — — (3,615)— — (3,615)
Share-based compensation expense— — — — 2,133 — — — 2,133 
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 43,753 43 299 — — — 342 
Balance, September 30, 20199,000,000 $217,471 31,245,776 $32,526 $441,499 $357,608 $(8,174)$(21,780)$1,019,150 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Preferred StockCommon Stock
Shares of
Preferred
Stock
Outstanding		Preferred
Stock		Shares of
Common
Stock
Outstanding		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance, March 31, 20219,000,000 $217,471 32,238,762 $33,519 $515,318 $438,802 $5,391 $(21,780)$1,188,721 
Net income— — — — — 61,341 — — 61,341 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — (125)— (125)
Preferred stock dividends (1)
— — — — — (3,299)— — (3,299)
Share-based compensation expense— — — — 4,264 — — — 4,264 
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 114,494 115 (288)— — — (173)
Balance, June 30, 20219,000,000 $217,471 32,353,256 $33,634 $519,294 $496,844 $5,266 $(21,780)$1,250,729 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Preferred StockCommon Stock
Shares of
Preferred
Stock
Outstanding		Preferred StockShares of
Common
Stock
Outstanding		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance, March 31, 20209,000,000 $217,471 31,470,026 $32,751 $446,840 $319,529 $(30,175)$(21,780)$964,636 
Net income— — — — — 22,718 — — 22,718 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — 20,210 — 20,210 
Preferred stock dividends(1)
— — — — — (3,581)— — (3,581)
Share-based compensation expense— — — — 3,599 — — — 3,599 
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 40,261 40 225 — — — 265 
Balance, June 30, 20209,000,000 $217,471 31,510,287 $32,791 $450,665 $338,665 $(9,965)$(21,780)$1,007,847 
(1)Dividends per share of $0.357778, $0.40625,$0.350359, $0.336942, $0.403125, and $0.375 per share were declared on Series C, D, E, and F preferred stock for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. Dividends per share of $0.4375, $0.40625, $0.403125, and $0.375 per share were declared on Series C, D, E, and F preferred stock for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020.
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Preferred StockCommon Stock
Shares of Preferred Stock OutstandingPreferred StockShares of Common Stock OutstandingCommon StockAdditional Paid in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury StockTotal
Balance, December 31, 2020Balance, December 31, 20209,000,000 $217,471 31,705,088 $32,986 $455,592 $438,581 $(5,764)$(21,780)$1,117,086 
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 97,936 — — 97,936 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — 11,030 — 11,030 
Preferred stock dividends(1)
Preferred stock dividends(1)
— — — — — (6,690)— — (6,690)
Sale of non-controlling interest in BMT (2)
Sale of non-controlling interest in BMT (2)
— — — — 31,893 — — — 31,893 
Distribution of investment in BM Technologies (3)
Distribution of investment in BM Technologies (3)
— — — — — (32,983)— — (32,983)
Restricted stock awards to certain BMT team members (4)
Restricted stock awards to certain BMT team members (4)
— — — — 19,592 — — — 19,592 
Share-based compensation expenseShare-based compensation expense— — — — 7,873 — — — 7,873 
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangementsIssuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 648,168 648 4,344 — — — 4,992 
Balance, June 30, 2021Balance, June 30, 20219,000,000 $217,471 32,353,256 $33,634 $519,294 $496,844 $5,266 $(21,780)$1,250,729 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Preferred StockCommon StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
Shares of Preferred Stock OutstandingPreferred StockShares of Common Stock OutstandingCommon StockAdditional Paid in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury StockTotalShares of Preferred Stock OutstandingPreferred StockShares of Common Stock OutstandingCommon StockAdditional Paid in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury StockTotal
Balance, December 31, 2019Balance, December 31, 20199,000,000 $217,471 31,336,791 $32,617 $444,218 $381,519 $(1,250)$(21,780)$1,052,795 Balance, December 31, 20199,000,000 $217,471 31,336,791 $32,617 $444,218 $381,519 $(1,250)$(21,780)$1,052,795 
Cumulative effect from change in accounting principle - CECL— — — — — (61,475)— — (61,475)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle - CECLCumulative effect of change in accounting principle - CECL— — — — — (61,475)— — (61,475)
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 76,332 — — 76,332 Net income— — — — — 25,817 — — 25,817 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — (14,501)— (14,501)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — (8,715)— (8,715)
Preferred stock dividends(1)
Preferred stock dividends(1)
— — — — — (10,626)— — (10,626)
Preferred stock dividends(1)
— — — — — (7,196)— (7,196)
Share-based compensation expenseShare-based compensation expense— — — — 8,855 — — — 8,855 Share-based compensation expense— — — — 6,827 — — — 6,827 
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangementsIssuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 218,333 219 (108)— — — 111 Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 173,496 174 (380)— — — (206)
Balance, September 30, 20209,000,000 $217,471 31,555,124 $32,836 $452,965 $385,750 $(15,751)$(21,780)$1,051,491 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Preferred StockCommon Stock
Shares of Preferred Stock OutstandingPreferred StockShares of Common Stock OutstandingCommon StockAdditional Paid in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury StockTotal
Balance, December 31, 20189,000,000 $217,471 31,003,028 $32,252 $434,314 $316,651 $(22,663)$(21,209)$956,816 
Net income— — — — — 51,801 — — 51,801 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — 14,489 — 14,489 
Preferred stock dividends(1)
— — — — — (10,844)— (10,844)
Share-based compensation expense— — — — 6,557 — — — 6,557 
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements— — 273,907 274 628 — — — 902 
Repurchase of common shares— — (31,159)— — — — (571)(571)
Balance, September 30, 20199,000,000 $217,471 31,245,776 $32,526 $441,499 $357,608 $(8,174)$(21,780)$1,019,150 
Balance, June 30, 2020Balance, June 30, 20209,000,000 $217,471 31,510,287 $32,791 $450,665 $338,665 $(9,965)$(21,780)$1,007,847 
(1)Dividends per share of $1.232778, $1.21875, $1.209375,$0.69514, $0.743192, $0.806250, and $1.125$0.750 per share were declared on Series C, D, E, and F preferred stock for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. Dividends per share of $1.3125, $1.21875, $1.209375,$0.8750, $0.81250, $0.806250, and $1.125$0.750 per share were declared on Series C, D, E, and F preferred stock for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020.
(2)Refer to NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for additional information about the sale of non-controlling interest in BMT including the reverse recapitalization of MFAC.
(3)Immediately after the closing of the BMT divestiture, Customers distributed all of its remaining investment in BM Technologies' common stock to its shareholders as special dividends, equivalent to 0.15389 of BM Technologies common stock for each share of Customers common stock. Refer to NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS.
(4)At the closing of the BMT divestiture, certain team members of BMT received restricted stock awards in BM Technologies' common stock. Refer to NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — UNAUDITED
(amounts in thousands)
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20202019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income$76,332 $51,801 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses on loan and lease losses65,688 14,539 
Depreciation and amortization22,557 15,167 
Share-based compensation expense9,474 7,289 
Deferred taxes(26,188)8,701 
Net amortization (accretion) of investment securities premiums and discounts(449)691 
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities(60)(988)
(Gain) loss on sale of investment securities(20,035)(1,001)
Loss upon acquisition of interest-only GNMA securities0 7,476 
(Gain) loss on sale of SBA and other loans194 (602)
Origination of loans held for sale(50,941)(35,760)
Proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale47,009 36,115 
Amortization (accretion) of fair value discounts and premiums(2,106)561 
Net (gain) loss on sales of other real estate owned(4)137 
Valuation and other adjustments to other real estate owned0 31 
Earnings on investment in bank-owned life insurance(5,265)(5,477)
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable and other assets(124,378)(79,299)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable and other liabilities81,640 15,302 
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities73,468 34,683 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments of investment securities156,759 22,627 
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale377,767 97,555 
Purchases of investment securities available for sale(1,024,345)0 
Origination of mortgage warehouse loans(41,764,787)(22,167,517)
Proceeds from repayments of mortgage warehouse loans40,106,032 21,049,044 
Net (increase) decrease in loans and leases, excluding mortgage warehouse loans(4,733,097)(6,808)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases23,390 0 
Purchase of loans(226,498)(636,366)
Net proceeds from sale of (purchases of) FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock13,827 7,832 
Purchases of bank premises and equipment(4,231)(5,397)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned77 735 
Purchases of leased assets under lessor operating leases(11,432)(27,239)
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities(7,086,538)(1,665,534)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in deposits2,190,141 1,783,449 
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowed funds from the FHLB0 (557,270)
Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased142,000 186,000 
Net increase (decrease) in borrowed funds from PPP liquidity facility4,811,009 0 
Proceeds from long-term borrowed funds from the FHLB0 350,000 
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated long-term debt0 25,000 
Repayments of other borrowings0 (25,000)
Preferred stock dividends paid(10,661)(10,844)
Purchase of treasury stock0 (571)
Payments of employee taxes withheld from share-based awards(1,143)(1,366)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock635 1,536 
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities7,131,981 1,750,934 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents118,911 120,083 
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Beginning212,505 62,135 
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Ending$331,416 $182,218 
(continued)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20202019
Non-cash Operating and Investing Activities:
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned$31 $291 
Transfer of loans held for investment to held for sale18,336 499,774 
Unsettled purchases of investment securities22,500 0 
Transfer of multi-family loans held for sale to held for investment401,144 0 
Acquisition of interest-only GNMA securities securing a mortgage warehouse loan0 17,157 
Acquisition of residential reverse mortgage loans securing a mortgage warehouse loan0 1,325 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 20212020
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income from continuing operations$135,972 $33,429 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by continuing operating activities:
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases372 52,732 
Depreciation and amortization10,735 14,319 
Share-based compensation expense7,645 7,278 
Deferred taxes3,494 (28,104)
Net amortization (accretion) of investment securities premiums and discounts449 (364)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities(2,720)178 
(Gain) loss on sale of investment securities(25,378)(8,328)
Loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries2,840 0 
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives(2,098)5,304 
Loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations24,467 0 
Settlement of terminated cash flow hedge derivatives(27,156)0 
(Gain) loss on sale of leased assets under lessor operating leases132 0 
Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale(1,115)1,450 
(Gain) loss on sale of SBA and other loans(4,256)(426)
Origination of loans held for sale(28,894)(22,730)
Proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale29,110 21,745 
Amortization (accretion) of fair value discounts and premiums(771)(1,137)
Earnings on investment in bank-owned life insurance(4,444)(3,519)
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable and other assets55,839 (113,857)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable and other liabilities115,102 81,835 
Net Cash Provided By Continuing Operating Activities289,325 39,805 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments of investment securities172,750 78,485 
Proceed from sales of foreign subsidiaries3,765 0 
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale407,587 109,207 
Purchases of investment securities available for sale(890,186)(280,410)
Origination of mortgage warehouse loans(31,399,228)(23,573,962)
Proceeds from repayments of mortgage warehouse loans32,162,462 23,033,058 
Net (increase) decrease in loans and leases, excluding mortgage warehouse loans(1,304,356)(4,515,097)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases130,501 0 
Purchase of loans(737,336)(211,096)
Purchases of bank-owned life insurance(46,462)0 
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance1,999 0 
Net proceeds from sale of (purchases of) FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock31,473 (6,809)
Purchases of bank premises and equipment(312)(165)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned45 77 
Proceeds from sales of leased assets under lessor operating leases6,106 0 
Purchases of leased assets under lessor operating leases(8,625)(9,011)
Net Cash Used In Continuing Investing Activities(1,469,817)(5,375,723)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in deposits2,564,010 2,316,939 
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowed funds from the FHLB(850,000)0 
Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased(250,000)(538,000)
Net increase (decrease) in borrowed funds from FRB PPP liquidity facility(549,151)4,419,967 
Preferred stock dividends paid(6,746)(7,229)
Payments of employee taxes withheld from share-based awards(2,294)(1,067)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock7,815 410 
Proceeds from sale of non-controlling interest in BMT26,795 0 
Net Cash Provided By Continuing Financing Activities940,429 6,191,020 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents From Continuing Operations$(240,063)$855,102 
(continued)
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020
Discontinued Operations:
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities$(22,791)$(329)
Net Cash Provided By Investing Activities0 52 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents From Discontinued Operations(22,791)(277)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents(262,854)854,825 
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Beginning693,354 212,505 
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Ending$430,500 $1,067,330 
Non-cash Operating and Investing Activities:
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned$0 $31 
Distribution of investment in BM Technologies common stock32,983 0 
Transfer of loans held for investment to held for sale27,824 19,050 
Transfer of loans held for sale to held for investment55,684 0 
Unsettled sales of investment securities0 33,615 
Unsettled purchases of investment securities10,000 0 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
Customers Bancorp, Inc. (“Customers Bancorp”) is a bank holding company engaged in banking activities through its wholly owned subsidiary, Customers Bank ("the Bank”), collectively referred to as “Customers” herein.
Customers Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Bank, and non-bank subsidiaries, serve residents and businesses in Southeastern Pennsylvania (Bucks, Berks, Chester, Philadelphia and Delaware Counties); Rye Brook, New York (Westchester County); Hamilton, New Jersey (Mercer County); Boston, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; Portsmouth, New Hampshire (Rockingham County); Manhattan and Melville, New York; Washington, D.C.; Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; Orlando, Florida; and nationally for certain loan and deposit products. The Bank has 1312 full-service branches and provides commercial banking products, primarily loans and deposits. In addition, Customers Bank also administratively supports loan and other financial products, including equipment finance leases, to customers through its limited-purpose offices in Boston, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Manhattan and Melville, New York; Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania; Washington, D.C.;Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas and Chicago, Illinois.Orlando, Florida. The Bank also serves specialty niche businesses nationwide, including its commercial loans to mortgage banking businesses, commercial equipment financing, SBA lending, specialty lending and consumer loans through relationships with fintech companies. In addition, BankMobile, a division of Customers Bank, offers state-of-the-art high-tech digital banking services to consumers, students and the "under banked" nationwide, along with "Banking as a Service" offerings with white label partners.
The Bank is subject to regulation of the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the Federal Reserve Bank and is periodically examined by those regulatory authorities. Customers Bancorp has made certain equity investments through its wholly owned subsidiaries CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd., which were sold in June 2021. See NOTE 6 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES for additional information.
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows of Customers Bancorp and subsidiaries for the interim periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been omitted from these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements as permitted by SEC rules and regulations. The December 31, 20192020 consolidated balance sheet presented in this report has been derived from Customers Bancorp’s audited 20192020 consolidated financial statements. Management believes that the disclosures are adequate to present fairly the consolidated financial statements as of the dates and for the periods presented. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 20192020 consolidated financial statements of Customers Bancorp and subsidiaries included in Customers' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 filed with the SEC on March 2, 20201, 2021 (the "2019"2020 Form 10-K"). The 20192020 Form 10-K describes Customers Bancorp’s significant accounting policies, which include its policies on Principles of Consolidation; Cash and Cash Equivalents and Statements of Cash Flows; Restrictions on Cash and Amounts due from Banks; Business Combinations; Investment Securities; Loan Accounting Framework; Loans Held for Sale and Loans at Fair Value; Loans Receivable - Mortgage Warehouse, at Fair Value; Loans Receivable, PPP; Loans and Leases Receivable; Purchased Loans; ALLL;PCD Loans and Leases; ACL; Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets; FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and Other Restricted Stock; OREO; BOLI; Bank Premises and Equipment; Lessor and Lessee Operating Leases; Treasury Stock; Income Taxes; Share-Based Compensation; Transfer of Financial Assets; Segment Information; Derivative Instruments and Hedging; Comprehensive Income (Loss); EPS; and Loss Contingencies; and Collaborative Arrangements.Contingencies. There have been no material changes to Customers Bancorp's significant accounting policies noted above for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, except for the adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASC 326"): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which is discussed below in Adoption of New Accounting Standard, and replaces our prior ALLL policy.

New Accounting Standards

Presented below are recently issued accounting standards that Customers has adopted as well as those that the FASB has issued but are not yet effective.
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Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020

Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2020, Customers adopted ASC 326, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and net investments in leases recognized by Customers as a lessor in accordance with ASC 842. CECL also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance, such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments. ASC 326 also made changes to the accounting for AFS debt securities, which now requires credit losses to be presented as an allowance, rather than as a write-down on AFS debt securities that management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will not be required to sell.

Customers adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, net investments in leases, and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2019 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. Customers recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $61.5 million, net of deferred taxes of $21.5 million, as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326. Customers adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for PCD financial assets that were previously classified as PCI and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, Customers did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets were adjusted to reflect the addition of $0.2 million of the allowance for credit losses on PCD loans and leases. The remaining noncredit discount of $0.3 million, based on the adjusted amortized cost basis, will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate as of January 1, 2020.

2021.
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The following table illustratesOn January 4, 2021, Customers Bancorp completed the impactpreviously announced divestiture of adopting ASC 326:

(amounts in thousands)
Pre-ASC 326 AdoptionImpact of ASC 326 AdoptionAs Reported Under
ASC 326
Assets
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value$2,245,758 $0 $2,245,758 
Loans and leases receivable
Multi-family1,907,331 7 1,907,338 
Commercial and industrial1,891,152 3 1,891,155 
Commercial real estate owner occupied551,948 100 552,048 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,222,772 41 1,222,813 
Construction117,617 0 117,617 
Total commercial loans and leases receivable5,690,820 151 5,690,971 
Residential real estate382,634 32 382,666 
Manufactured housing71,359 37 71,396 
Installment1,174,175 12 1,174,187 
Total consumer loans receivable1,628,168 81 1,628,249 
Loans and leases receivable7,318,988 232 7,319,220 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases(56,379)(79,829)(136,208)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases9,508,367 (79,596)9,428,771 
Liabilities
Allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments49 3,388 3,437 
Net deferred tax (asset) liability11,740 (21,510)(9,770)
Equity
Retained earnings$381,519 $(61,475)$320,044 

Allowance for Credit LossesBankMobile Technologies, Inc., the technology arm of its BankMobile segment, to MFAC Merger Sub Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MFAC, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 6, 2020, by and among MFAC, MFAC Merger Sub Inc., BMT, Customers Bank, the sole stockholder of BMT, and Customers Bancorp, the parent bank holding company of Customers Bank (as amended on LoansNovember 2, 2020 and Leases

The allowance for credit losses onDecember 8, 2020). Following the completion of the divestiture of BMT, BankMobile's serviced deposits and loans and leases isthe related net interest income have been combined with Customers’ financial condition and the results of operations as a valuation account that is deducted from the loan or lease’s amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans and leases. Loans and leases deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowancesingle reportable segment. BMT's historical financial results for credit losses on loans and leases, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are creditedperiods prior to the allowance for credit losses on loansdivestiture are reflected in Customers’ consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations. The assets and leases. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregateliabilities of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Changes to the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases are recorded through the provision for credit losses on loans and leases. The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases is maintained at a level considered appropriate to absorb expected credit losses over the expected life of the portfolio as of the reporting date.

The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Customers' loan portfolio segments include commercial and consumer. Each of these two loan portfolio segments is comprised of multiple loan classes. Loan classes are characterized by similarities in loan type, collateral type, risk attributes and the manner in which credit risk is assessed and monitored. The commercial segment is composed of multi-family, commercial and industrial, commercial real estate owner occupied, commercial real estate non-owner occupied and construction loan classes. The consumer segment is composed of residential real estate, manufactured housing and installment. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. For individually assessed loans, see related details in the Individually Assessed Loans section below.

The allowance for credit losses on collectively assessed loans and leases is measured over the expected life of the loan or lease using lifetime loss rate models which consider historical loan performance, loan or borrower attributes and forecasts of future economic conditions in addition to information about past events and current conditions. Significant loan/borrower attributes utilized in the
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models include origination date, maturity date, collateral property type, internal risk rating, delinquency status, borrower state and FICO score at origination. Customers uses external sources in the creation of its forecasts, including current economic conditions and forecasts for macroeconomic variables over its reasonable and supportable forecast period (e.g., GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, BBB spread, commercial real estate and home price indices). After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, which ranges from two to five years, the models revert the forecasted macroeconomic variables to their historical long-term trends, without specific predictions for the economy, over the expected life of the pool. The lifetime loss rate models also incorporate prepayment assumptions into estimated lifetime loss rates. Customers runs the CECL impairment models on a quarterly basis and qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not considered within the models but which are relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan and lease pools. Management generally considers the following qualitative factors:

•Volume and severity of past-due loans, non-accrual loans and classified loans;
•Lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and historically based loss/collection, charge-off and recovery practices;
•Nature and volume of the portfolio;
•Existence and effect of any credit concentrations and changes in the level of such concentrations;
•Risk ratings;
•The value of the underlying collateral for loans that are not collateral dependent;
•Changes in the quality of the loan review system;
•Experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff;
•Other external factors, such as changes in legal, regulatory or competitive environment; and
•Model and data limitations.

Customers has elected to not estimate an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable, as it already has a policy in place to reverse or write-off accrued interest, through interest income, in a timely manner. Accrued interest receivable isBMT have been presented as a separate financial statement line item in the consolidated balance sheet.

Purchased Credit Deteriorated (“PCD”) Loans"Assets of discontinued operations" and Leases

PCD assets are acquired individual loans and leases (or acquired groups"Liabilities of loans and leases with similar risk characteristics) that, as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by an acquirer’s assessment. PCD loans and leases are recorded at their purchase price plus the allowance for credit losses expected at the time of acquisition, or “gross up” of the amortized cost basis. The January 1, 2020 transition adjustment discussed above was established for these loans and leases without affecting the income statement or retained earnings. Changes in the current estimate of the allowance for credit losses after acquisition from the estimated allowance previously recorded are reported in the income statement as provision for credit losses expense or reversal of provision for credit losses in subsequent periods as they arise. Purchased loans or leases that do not qualify as PCD assets are accounted for similar to originated assets, whereby an allowance for credit losses is recognized with a corresponding increase to the income statement provision for credit losses. Evidence that purchased loans and leases, measured at amortized cost, have more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination and, therefore meet the PCD definition, may include loans and leases that are past-due, in non-accrual status, poor borrower credit score, recent loan-to-value percentages and other standard indicators (i.e., TDR, charge-offs, bankruptcy).

Allowance for Credit Lossesdiscontinued operations" on Lending-Related Commitments

Customers estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which it is exposed to credit risk on contractual obligations to extend credit, unless the obligation is unconditionally cancellable by Customers. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is recorded in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. BMT's operating results and is recorded as a provision for credit losses within other non-interest expense in the consolidated income statement. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives. Customers estimates the expected credit losses for undrawn commitments using a usage given default calculation. The lifetime loss rates for off-balance sheet credit exposures are calculated in the same manner as on-balance sheet credit exposures, using the same models and economic forecasts, adjusted for the estimated likelihood that funding will occur.

Individually Assessed Loans and Leases

ASC 326 provides that a loan or lease is measured individually if it does not share similar risk characteristics with other financial assets. For Customers, loans and leases which are identified to be individually assessed under CECL typically wouldassociated cash flows have been evaluated individuallypresented as impaired loans using accounting guidance in effect in periods"Discontinued operations" within the accompanying consolidated financial statements and prior to the adoption of CECL and include TDRs and collateral dependent loans.
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TDRs

A loan for which the termsperiod amounts have been modified resulting in a concession, andreclassified to conform with the current period presentation. See NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties is considered to be a TDR. The allowance for credit loss on a TDR is measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment, except in cases when the value of a concession cannot be measured using a method other than the DCF method. When the value of a concession is measured using the DCF method, the allowance for credit loss is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at the original effective interest rate of the loan.

The CARES Act and certain regulatory agencies recently issued guidance stating certain loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial distress as a result of the economic impacts created by COVID-19 may not be required to be treated as TDRs under U.S GAAP. For COVID-19 related loan modifications which met the loan modification criteria under either the CARES Act or the criteria specified by the regulatory agencies, Customers elected to suspend TDR accounting for such loan modifications.

Collateral Dependent Loans

Customers considers a loan to be collateral dependent when foreclosure of the underlying collateral is probable. Customers has also elected to apply the practical expedient to measure expected credit losses of a collateral dependent asset using the fair value of the collateral, less any estimated costs to sell, when foreclosure is not probable but repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Available for Sale Securities

For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, Customers first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, Customers evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses on AFS securities is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses on AFS securities is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses on AFS securities are recorded as provision, or reversal of provision for credit losses on AFS securities in other non-interest income within the consolidated income statement. Losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses on AFS securities when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities totaled $4.2 million at September 30, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.


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Other Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020
StandardSummary of guidanceEffects on Financial Statements
ASU 2019-04,
Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments

Issued April 2019
• Clarifies the scope of the credit losses standard and addresses issues related to accrued interest receivable balances, recoveries, variable interest rates, and prepayments.
• Addresses partial-term fair value hedges, fair value hedge basis adjustments and certain transition requirements.
• Addresses recognizing and measuring financial instruments, specifically the requirement for remeasurement under ASC 820 when using the measurement alternative, certain disclosure requirements and which equity securities have to be remeasured at historical exchange rates.
• Topic 326 Amendments - Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption permitted. Topic 815 Amendments - Effective for first annual period beginning after the issuance date of this ASU (i.e., fiscal year 2020). Entities that have already adopted the amendments in ASU 2017-12 may elect either to retrospectively apply all the amendments or to prospectively apply all amendments as of the date of adoption. Topic 825 Amendments - Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.
• Customers adopted on January 1, 2020.
• The adoption of this guidance relating to Topics 815 and 825 did not have a material impact on Customers' financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements. Please refer to ASU 2016-13 for further discussion on Customers' adoption of ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326).

ASU 2018-18,
Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction Between Topic 808 and Topic 606

Issued November 2018

• Clarifies that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account. In those situations, all the guidance in Topic 606 should be applied, including recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements.
• Adds unit-of-account guidance in Topic 808 to align with the guidance in Topic 606 when an entity is assessing whether the collaborative arrangement or a part of the arrangement is within scope of Topic 606.
• Requires that in a transaction with a collaborative arrangement participant that is not directly related to sales to third parties, presenting the transaction together with revenue recognized under Topic 606 is precluded if the collaborative arrangement participant is not a customer.
• Effective for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption permitted.
• Customers adopted on January 1, 2020.
• The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Customers' financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.

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Other Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020 (continued)

StandardSummary of guidanceEffects on Financial Statements
ASU 2018-15,
Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract

Issued August 2018
• Clarifies that service contracts with hosting arrangements must follow internal-use software guidance Subtopic 350-40 when determining which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense.
• Also clarifies that capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are to be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes the noncancelable period of the arrangement plus options to extend the arrangement if reasonably certain to exercise.
• Clarifies that existing impairment guidance in Subtopic 350-40 must be applied to the capitalized implementation costs as if they were long-lived assets.
• Applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.
• Effective for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption permitted.		• Customers adopted on January 1, 2020.
• The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Customers' financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
StandardSummary of guidanceEffects on Financial Statements
ASU 2020-04,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting

Issued March 2020
• Provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or derecognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. Specifically, the amendments provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. These relate only to those contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform.
• Effective as of March 12, 2020 and can be adopted anytime during the period of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022.
• Customers intends to adopt this guidance during adoption period and is currently evaluating the expected impact of this ASU on its financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.

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additional information.
Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-19

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law and contained substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy. The CARES Act includes the SBA's PPP designed to aid small-and medium-sized businesses through federally guaranteed loans distributed through banks. Customers is a participant in the PPP. Section 4013 of the CARES actAct also gives entities temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs under ASC 310-40 in certain situations. On December 27, 2020, the CAA was signed into law, which extended and expanded various relief provisions of the CARES Act.

Accounting for PPP Loans

In April 2020, Customers began to originateoriginating loans to qualified small businesses under the PPP administered by the SBA. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and may be eligible for forgiveness by the SBA to the extent that the proceeds are used for payroll and other permitted purposes in accordance with the requirements of the PPP. These loans carry a fixed rate of 1.00% and terms of two or five years, if not forgiven, in whole or in part. Payments are deferred for the first six months of the loan. The loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. The SBA pays the originating bank a processing fee ranging from 1% to 5% based on the size of the loan. On December 27, 2020, the CAA was signed into law, including Division N, Title III, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act, which provides $284 billion in additional funding for the SBA's PPP for small businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was enacted expanding eligibility for first and second round of PPP loans and revising the exclusions from payroll costs for purposes of loan forgiveness. The second round of PPP loans have the same general loan terms as the first round, and a processing fee of up to $2,500 per loan of less than $50,000, and 1% to 3% for loans greater than $50,000. Customers classified the PPP loans as held for investment and these loans are carried at amortized cost and interest income is recognized using the interest method. The origination fees, net of direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment to the yield of the related loans over their contractual life using the interest method. As PPP is newly created, Customers does not have historical prepayment data to accurately estimate principal prepayments and therefore has elected to not estimate prepayments as a policy election. No allowance for credit lossesACL has been recognized for PPP loans as these loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. See Note 7 - Loans and Leases Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and LeasesNOTE 8 – LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES for additional information.

Loan Modifications

As mentioned above, Section 4013 of the CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, gives entities temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs. In addition, on April 7, 2020, certain regulatory banking agencies issued an interagency statement that offers practical expedients for evaluating whether loan modifications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are TDRs. To qualify for TDR accounting and disclosure relief under the CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, the applicable loan must not have been more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and the modification must be executed during the period beginning on March 1, 2020, and ending on the earlier of December 31, 2020,January 1, 2022, or the date that is 60 days after the termination date of the national emergency declared by the president on March 13, 2020, under the National Emergencies Act related to the outbreak of COVID-19. The CARES Act applies to modifications made as a result of COVID-19 including: forbearance agreements, interest rate modifications, repayment plans, and other arrangements to defer or delay payment of principal or interest. The interagency statement does not require the modification to be completed within a certain time period if it is related to COVID-19 and can be provided to borrowers either individually or as part of a loan modification program. Moreover, the interagency statement applies to short-term modifications (e.g. not more than six months deferral) including payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other insignificant payment delays as a result of COVID-19.
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Customers applied Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the interagency statement in connection with applicable modifications. For modifications that qualify under either the CARES Act or the interagency statement, TDR accounting and reporting is suspended. These modifications generally involve principal and/or interest payment deferrals for a period of 90 days at a time and can be extended to six months or longer for modifications that qualified under the Section 4013 of the CARES Act if requested by the borrower as long as the reason is still related to COVID-19. These modified loans would not also be reported as past due or nonaccrual during the deferral period. See Note 7 - Loans and Leases Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and LeasesNOTE 8 – LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES for additional information.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Presented below are recently issued accounting standards that Customers has adopted.
StandardSummary of GuidanceEffects on Financial Statements
ASU 2020-04,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting

Issued March 2020
• Provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or derecognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. Specifically, the amendments provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. These relate only to those contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform.
• Effective as of March 12, 2020 and can be adopted anytime during the period of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022.
• Customers adopted this guidance during adoption period for certain optional expedients.
• The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Customers' financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.
• As of June 30, 2021, Customers has not yet elected to apply optional expedients for
certain contract modifications. However, we plan to elect additional optional expedients in the future, which are not expected to have a material impact on Customers' financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2021-01,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Scope

Issued January 2021
• Clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition, including derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform.
• Effective as of March 12, 2020 and can be adopted anytime during the period of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022.
• Customers adopted this guidance during adoption period for certain optional expedients.
• The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Customers' financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.
• As of June 30, 2021, Customers has not yet elected to apply optional expedients for
certain contract modifications. We plan to elect additional optional expedients in the future, which are not expected to have a material impact on Customers' financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On January 4, 2021, Customers Bancorp completed the previously announced divestiture of BMT, the technology arm of its BankMobile segment, to MFAC Merger Sub Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MFAC, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 6, 2020, by and among MFAC, MFAC Merger Sub Inc., BMT, Customers Bank, the sole stockholder of BMT, and Customers Bancorp, the parent bank holding company for Customers Bank (as amended on November 2, 2020 and December 8, 2020). Following the completion of the divestiture of BMT, BankMobile's serviced deposits and loans and the related net interest income have been combined with Customers' financial condition and the results of operations as a single reportable segment.
Customers received cash consideration of $23.1 million upon closing of the divestiture and $3.7 million of additional cash consideration in May 2021. Upon closing of the divestiture, the holders of Customers Bancorp's common stock who held their shares as of the close of business on December 18, 2020 became entitled to receive an aggregate of 4,876,387 shares of BM Technologies' common stock. Customers distributed 0.15389 shares of BM Technologies common stock for each share of Customers Bancorp's common stock held as of the close of business on December 18, 2020 as special dividends. Certain team members of BMT also received 1,348,748 restricted shares of BM Technologies' common stock in the form of severance payments. The total stock consideration from the divestiture that were distributed to holders of Customers Bancorp's common stock and certain BMT team members represented 52% of the outstanding common stock of BM Technologies at the closing date of the divestiture.
The sale of BMT was accounted for as a sale of non-controlling interest and the merger between BMT and MFAC was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization as BMT was considered to be the accounting acquirer. Upon closing of the transaction, Customers had no remaining investment in BM Technologies.
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BMT's historical financial results for periods prior to the divestiture are reflected in Customers Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations. The assets and liabilities of BMT have been presented as "Assets of discontinued operations" and "Liabilities of discontinued operations" on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. BMT's operating results and associated cash flows have been presented as "Discontinued operations" within the accompanying consolidated financial statements and prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.
The following summarized financial information related to BMT has been segregated from continuing operations and reported as discontinued operations for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
(amounts in thousands)2021202020212020
Discontinued operations:
Non-interest income$0 $16,254 $0 $32,327 
Non-interest expense0 19,444 20,354 42,238 
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes0 (3,190)(20,354)(9,911)
Income tax expense (benefit)0 (932)17,682 (2,299)
Net loss from discontinued operations$0 $(2,258)$(38,036)$(7,612)
The assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:
(amounts in thousands)December 31,
2020
Carrying amounts of assets included as part of discontinued operations:
Cash and cash equivalents$2,989 
Premises and equipment, net401 
Goodwill and other intangibles10,329 
Other assets48,336 
Total assets of discontinued operations$62,055 
Carrying amounts of liabilities included as part of discontinued operations:
Borrowings from Customers Bank$21,000 
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities18,704 
Total liabilities of discontinued operations$39,704 
In connection with the divestiture, Customers has also entered into various agreements with BM Technologies, including a transition services agreement, software license agreement, deposit servicing agreement, non-competition agreement and loan agreement for periods ranging from one to ten years. Customers incurred expenses of $14.3 million and $27.9 million, respectively, to BM Technologies under the deposit servicing agreement, included within the technology, communication and bank operations expense in income from continuing operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

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NOTE 34 — EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The following are the components and results of Customers' earnings (loss) per common share calculations for the periods presented.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)2020201920202019
Net income available to common shareholders$47,085 $23,451 $65,706 $40,957 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding – basic31,517,504 31,223,777 31,462,284 31,142,400 
Share-based compensation plans218,807 420,951 203,743 438,629 
Weighted-average number of common shares – diluted31,736,311 31,644,728 31,666,027 31,581,029 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share$1.49 $0.75 $2.09 $1.32 
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share$1.48 $0.74 $2.07 $1.30 

 Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)2021202020212020
Net income from continuing operations available to common shareholders$58,042 $21,395 $129,282 $26,233 
Net loss from discontinued operations0 (2,258)(38,036)(7,612)
Net income available to common shareholders$58,042 $19,137 $91,246 $18,621 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding – basic32,279,625 31,477,591 32,082,878 31,434,371 
Share-based compensation plans1,461,843 148,180 1,211,197 191,298 
Weighted-average number of common shares – diluted33,741,468 31,625,771 33,294,075 31,625,669 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations$1.80 $0.68 $4.03 $0.83 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share from discontinued operations0 (0.07)(1.19)(0.24)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share1.80 0.61 2.84 0.59 
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations$1.72 $0.68 $3.88 $0.83 
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share from discontinued operations0 (0.07)(1.14)(0.24)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share1.72 0.61 2.74 0.59 
The following are securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per common share in future periods that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because either the performance conditions for certain of the share-based compensation awards have not been met or to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2020201920202019
Share-based compensation awards862,417 2,181,195 862,417 2,233,160 
 Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2021202020212020
Share-based compensation awards711,000 3,813,959 463,145 3,674,506 

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NOTE 45 — CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) BY COMPONENT
The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019. All amounts are presented net of tax.2020. Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to AOCI.
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges (2)
Total
Balance - March 31, 2021$6,169 $(778)$5,391 
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax592 6 598 
Income tax effect(154)(2)(156)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications438 4 442 
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax(1,812)1,046 (766)
Income tax effect471 (272)199 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(1,341)774 (567)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(903)778 (125)
Balance - June 30, 2021$5,266 $0 $5,266 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges (2)
Total
Balance - June 30, 2020$27,525 $(37,490)$(9,965)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax(1,090)580 (510)
Income tax effect283 (151)132 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(807)429 (378)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax(11,707)4,400 (7,307)
Income tax effect3,044 (1,145)1,899 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(8,663)3,255 (5,408)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(9,470)3,684 (5,786)
Balance - September 30, 2020$18,055 $(33,806)$(15,751)

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized 
Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow  Hedges (2)
Total(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges (2)
Total
Balance - December 31, 2019$14,287 $(15,537)$(1,250)
Balance - March 31, 2020Balance - March 31, 2020$4,614 $(34,789)$(30,175)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before taxUnrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax25,127 (33,486)(8,359)Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax35,315 (6,369)28,946 
Income tax effectIncome tax effect(6,533)8,884 2,351 Income tax effect(9,182)1,684 (7,498)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications18,594 (24,602)(6,008)Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications26,133 (4,685)21,448 
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before taxReclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax(20,035)8,596 (11,439)Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax(4,353)2,718 (1,635)
Income tax effectIncome tax effect5,209 (2,263)2,946 Income tax effect1,131 (734)397 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net incomeAmounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(14,826)6,333 (8,493)Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(3,222)1,984 (1,238)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)3,768 (18,269)(14,501)Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)22,911 (2,701)20,210 
Balance - September 30, 2020$18,055 $(33,806)$(15,751)
Balance - June 30, 2020Balance - June 30, 2020$27,525 $(37,490)$(9,965)
(1)Reclassification amounts for available for saleAFS debt securities are reported as gain or loss on sale of investment securities on the consolidated statements of income.
(2)Reclassification amounts for cash flow hedges are reported as interest expense for the applicable hedged items or loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations on the consolidated statements of income.

 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized 
Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow  Hedges (2)
Total
Balance - December 31, 2020$23,312 $(29,076)$(5,764)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax992 12,321 13,313 
Income tax effect(258)(3,204)(3,462)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications734 9,117 9,851 
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax(25,378)26,972 1,594 
Income tax effect6,598 (7,013)(415)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(18,780)19,959 1,179 
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(18,046)29,076 11,030 
Balance - June 30, 2021$5,266 $0 $5,266 

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges (2)
Total
Balance - June 30, 2019$6,802 $(16,795)$(9,993)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax7,858 (5,163)2,695 
Income tax effect(2,043)1,342 (701)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications5,815 (3,821)1,994 
Reclassification adjustments for losses (gains) included in net income, before tax(1,001)764 (237)
Income tax effect260 (198)62 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(741)566 (175)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)5,074 (3,255)1,819 
Balance - September 30, 2019$11,876 $(20,050)$(8,174)


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized
Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges (2)
Total(amounts in thousands)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Unrealized
Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges (2)
Total
Balance - December 31, 2018$(21,741)$(922)$(22,663)
Balance - December 31, 2019Balance - December 31, 2019$14,287 $(15,537)$(1,250)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before taxUnrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax46,430 (26,204)20,226 Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax26,217 (34,066)(7,849)
Income tax effectIncome tax effect(12,072)6,813 (5,259)Income tax effect(6,816)9,035 2,219 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications34,358 (19,391)14,967 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications19,401 (25,031)(5,630)
Reclassification adjustments for losses (gains) included in net income, before tax(1,001)355 (646)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before taxReclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax(8,328)4,196 (4,132)
Income tax effectIncome tax effect260 (92)168 Income tax effect2,165 (1,118)1,047 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net incomeAmounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(741)263 (478)Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income(6,163)3,078 (3,085)
Net current-period other comprehensive incomeNet current-period other comprehensive income33,617 (19,128)14,489 Net current-period other comprehensive income13,238 (21,953)(8,715)
Balance - September 30, 2019$11,876 $(20,050)$(8,174)
Balance - June 30, 2020Balance - June 30, 2020$27,525 $(37,490)$(9,965)
(1)Reclassification amounts for available for saleAFS debt securities are reported as gain or loss on sale of investment securities on the consolidated statements of income.
(2)Reclassification amounts for cash flow hedges are reported as interest expense for the applicable hedged items or loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations on the consolidated statements of income.
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NOTE 56 — INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized in the tables below:
 
June 30, 2021 (1)
(amounts in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities$319,682 $3,649 $(377)$322,954 
U.S. government agencies securities20,000 114 0 20,114 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities10,620 0 (265)10,355 
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities2,206 0 (1)2,205 
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations81,007 813 (62)81,758 
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations144,593 0 (1,752)142,841 
Collateralized loan obligations162,960 148 (181)162,927 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities23,054 33 0 23,087 
Corporate notes (2)
345,909 4,974 (462)350,421 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations401,949 922 (1,295)401,576 
State and political subdivision debt securities (3)
8,543 11 0 8,554 
Available for sale debt securities$1,520,523 $10,664 $(4,395)$1,526,792 
 
September 30, 2020 (1)
(amounts in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities$374,151 $1,404 $(174)$375,381 
U.S. government agencies securities40,000 8 0 40,008 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities59,013 2,066 0 61,079 
Agency-guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations153,088 771 (80)153,779 
State and political subdivision debt securities (2)
17,391 868 0 18,259 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations118,979 8 0 118,987 
Corporate notes (3)
344,344 19,632 (104)363,872 
Available for sale debt securities$1,106,966 $24,757 $(358)1,131,365 
Equity securities (5)
2,466 
Total investment securities, at fair value$1,133,831 
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December 31, 2019
December 31, 2020 (1)
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value(amounts in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available for sale debt securities:Available for sale debt securities:Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securitiesAsset-backed securities$372,640 $4,515 $(10)$377,145 
U.S. government agencies securitiesU.S. government agencies securities20,000 34 0 20,034 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securitiesAgency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities$273,252 $5,069 $0 $278,321 Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities61,178 1,913 0 63,091 
Corporate notes (3)
284,639 14,238 0 298,877 
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligationsAgency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations139,985 916 (60)140,841 
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligationsAgency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations20,965 0 (39)20,926 
Collateralized loan obligationsCollateralized loan obligations32,367 0 0 32,367 
Corporate notes (2)
Corporate notes (2)
372,764 24,144 (164)396,744 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligationsPrivate label collateralized mortgage obligations136,943 423 (374)136,992 
State and political subdivision debt securities (3)
State and political subdivision debt securities (3)
17,346 945 0 18,291 
Available for sale debt securitiesAvailable for sale debt securities$557,891 $19,307 $0 577,198 Available for sale debt securities$1,174,188 $32,890 $(647)1,206,431 
Interest-only GNMA securities (4)
16,272 
Equity securities (5)
2,406 
Equity securities (4)
Equity securities (4)
3,854 
Total investment securities, at fair valueTotal investment securities, at fair value$595,876 Total investment securities, at fair value$1,210,285 
(1)Accrued interest on AFS debt securities totaled $5.0 million and $4.2 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.
(2)Includes both taxable and non-taxable municipal securities.
(3)Includes corporate securities issued by domestic bank holding companies.
(4)(3)Reported at fair value with fair value changes recorded in non-interest income based on a fair value option election.Includes both taxable and non-taxable municipal securities.
(5)(4)Includes equity securities issued by a foreign entity.

On June 28, 2019, Customers obtained ownership of certain interest-only GNMA securities that served asDuring the primary collateral for loans made to one commercial mortgage warehouse customer through a Uniform Commercial Code private sale transaction. In connection with the acquisition of the interest-only GNMA securities, Customers recognized a pre-tax loss of $7.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 for the shortfall in the fair value of the interest-only GNMA securities compared to its credit exposure to this commercial mortgage warehouse customer. Upon acquisition, Customers elected the fair value option for these interest-only GNMA securities. These securities were sold for $15.4 million with a realized gain of $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, Customers recognized unrealized gains of $0.2$1.7 million and $0.1$2.7 million, respectively, on its equity securities. During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020, Customers recognized unrealized gains of $1.3$1.2 million and $1.0unrealized losses of $0.2 million, respectively, on its equity securities. These unrealized gains and losses are reported as unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.
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Table In June 2021, Customers sold all of Contents
the outstanding shares in CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd., which held the equity securities issued by a foreign entity, for $3.8 million, and recognized $2.8 million in loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries within non-interest income on the consolidated statement of income.
Proceeds from the sale of available for sale debtAFS securities were $268.6$53.7 million and $377.8$407.6 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021, respectively. Proceeds from the sale of AFS securities were $109.2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Realized gains from the sale of available for saleAFS debt securities were $11.7$1.8 million and $20.0$25.4 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Proceeds from the sale of available for sale debt securities were $97.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Realized gains from the sale of available for saleAFS debt securities were $1.0$4.4 million and $8.3 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020, respectively. These gains (losses) were determined using the specific identification method and were reported as gain (loss) on sale of investment securities within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

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The following table shows debt securities by stated maturity. Debt securities backed by mortgages and other assets securities have expected maturities that differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay and, therefore, these debt securities are classified separately with no specific maturity date:
 September 30, 2020
(amounts in thousands)Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Due in one year or less$8,000 $8,000 
Due after one year through five years83,209 84,275 
Due after five years through ten years274,135 292,605 
Due after ten years36,391 37,259 
Asset-backed securities374,151 375,381 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities59,013 61,079 
Agency-guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations153,088 153,779 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations118,979 118,987 
Total debt securities$1,106,966 $1,131,365 
 June 30, 2021
(amounts in thousands)Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Due in one year or less$4,901 $5,032 
Due after one year through five years211,508 212,586 
Due after five years through ten years154,043 157,219 
Due after ten years4,000 4,252 
Asset-backed securities319,682 322,954 
Collateralized loan obligations162,960 162,927 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities23,054 23,087 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities10,620 10,355 
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities2,206 2,205 
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations81,007 81,758 
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations144,593 142,841 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations401,949 401,576 
Total debt securities$1,520,523 $1,526,792 

Gross unrealized losses and fair value of Customers' available for saleAFS debt securities aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 were as follows:
 September 30, 2020
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(amounts in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities$107,610 $(174)$0 $0 $107,610 $(174)
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities19,019 (80)0 0 19,019 (80)
Corporate notes40,409 (104)0 0 40,409 (104)
Total$167,038 $(358)$0 $0 $167,038 $(358)

 June 30, 2021
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(amounts in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities$61,515 $(377)$0 $0 $61,515 $(377)
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities10,355 (265)0 0 10,355 (265)
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities2,205 (1)0 0 2,205 (1)
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations18,158 (62)0 0 18,158 (62)
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations142,841 (1,752)0 0 142,841 (1,752)
Collateralized loan obligations101,555 (181)0 0 101,555 (181)
Corporate notes67,230 (462)0 0 67,230 (462)
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations157,470 (1,295)0 0 157,470 (1,295)
Total$561,329 $(4,395)$0 $0 $561,329 $(4,395)
At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, there were 15 available for sale38 AFS debt securities with unrealized losses in the less-than-twelve-month category and 0 available for saleAFS debt securities with unrealized losses in the twelve-month-or-more category. The unrealized losses were principally due to changes in market interest rates that resulted in a negative impact on the respective securities' fair value. All amounts related to these securities are expected to be recovered when market prices recover or at maturity. Customers does not intend to sell any of the 1538 securities, and it is not more likely than not that Customers will be required to sell any of the 1538 securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis. At December 31, 2019,2020, there were 0 available for sale16 AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position.

At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers Bank had pledged investment securities aggregating $20.1$16.0 million and $20.4$18.8 million in fair value, respectively, as collateral against its borrowings primarily withfor an unused line of credit with another financial institution. These counterparties do not have the ability to sell or repledge these securities.
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At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, no securities holding of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Governmentgovernment and its agencies, amounted to greater than 10% of shareholders' equity.
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NOTE 67 – LOANS HELD FOR SALE
The composition of loans held for sale as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 was as follows:
(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Commercial loans:
Commercial and industrial loans, at lower of cost or fair value$0 $55,683 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans, at lower of cost or fair value0 17,251 
Total commercial loans held for sale0 72,934 
Consumer loans:
Home equity conversion mortgages, at lower of cost or fair value507 643 
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value6,074 5,509 
Installment loans, at lower of cost or fair value27,959 0 
Total consumer loans held for sale34,540 6,152 
Loans held for sale$34,540 $79,086 
(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Commercial loans:
Multi-family loans, at lower of cost or fair value$0 $482,873 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans, at lower of cost or fair value18,366 0 
Total commercial loans held for sale18,366 482,873 
Consumer loans:
Home equity conversion mortgages, at lower of cost or fair value1,325 1,325 
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value6,998 2,130 
Total consumer loans held for sale8,323 3,455 
Loans held for sale$26,689 $486,328 

Effective September 30, 2020, Customers transferred $401.1 million of multi-family loans from loans held for sale to loans receivable (held for investment) because it no longer has the intent to sell these loans. Customers transferred these loans at their carrying value, which approximated their fair value at the time of transfer. Total loans held for sale as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 included NPLs of $19.7$0.5 million and $1.3$18.5 million, respectively.

NOTE 78 — LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES
The following table presents loans and leases receivable as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020.
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Loans and leases receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair valueLoans and leases receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value$3,913,593 $2,245,758 Loans and leases receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value$2,855,284 $3,616,432 
Loans receivable, PPPLoans receivable, PPP4,964,105 0 Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 4,561,365 
Loans receivable:Loans receivable:Loans receivable:
Commercial:Commercial:Commercial:
Multi-familyMulti-family1,950,300 1,907,331 Multi-family1,497,485 1,761,301 
Commercial and industrial (1)
Commercial and industrial (1)
2,220,715 1,891,152 
Commercial and industrial (1)
2,360,656 2,289,441 
Commercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate owner occupied557,595 551,948 Commercial real estate owner occupied653,649 572,338 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupied1,215,516 1,222,772 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,206,646 1,196,564 
ConstructionConstruction122,963 117,617 Construction179,198 140,905 
Total commercial loans and leases receivableTotal commercial loans and leases receivable6,067,089 5,690,820 Total commercial loans and leases receivable5,897,634 5,960,549 
Consumer:Consumer:Consumer:
Residential real estateResidential real estate335,452 382,634 Residential real estate266,911 317,170 
Manufactured housingManufactured housing64,638 71,359 Manufactured housing57,904 62,243 
InstallmentInstallment1,233,713 1,174,175 Installment1,549,693 1,235,406 
Total consumer loans receivableTotal consumer loans receivable1,633,803 1,628,168 Total consumer loans receivable1,874,508 1,614,819 
Loans and leases receivable (2)
Loans and leases receivable (2)
7,700,892 7,318,988 
Loans and leases receivable (2)
7,772,142 7,575,368 
Allowance for credit losses(155,561)(56,379)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses$16,423,029 $9,508,367 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leasesAllowance for credit losses on loans and leases(125,436)(144,176)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leasesTotal loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases$16,807,046 $15,608,989 
(1)Includes direct finance equipment leases of $106.5$129.0 million and $89.2$108.0 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
(2)Includes deferred (fees) costs and unamortized (discounts) premiums, net of $(74.7)$(223.1) million and $2.1$(54.6) million at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
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Customers' total loans and leases receivable portfolio includes loans receivable which are reported at fair value based on an election made to account for these loans at fair value and loans and leases receivable which are predominately reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of charge-offs and deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts and are evaluated for impairment. The total amount of accrued interest recorded for total loans was $61.9$85.4 million and $34.8$76.6 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2020
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2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, and is presented in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. At SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were $32.1$36.6 million and $59.5 million of individually evaluated loans that were collateral-dependent.collateral-dependent, respectively. Substantially all individually evaluated loans are collateral-dependent and consisted primarily of commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans. Collateral-dependent commercial and industrial loans were secured by accounts receivable, inventory and equipment; collateral-dependent commercial real estate loans were secured by commercial real estate assets; and residential real estate loans were secured by residential real estate assets.
Loans receivable, PPP:PPP
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law and created funding for a new product called the PPP. The PPP is administered by the SBA and is intended to assist organizations with payroll related expenses. Customers had $5.0$6.3 billion and $4.6 billion of PPP loans outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which are fully guaranteed by the SBA and earn a fixed interest rate of 1.00%. Customers recognized interest income, including origination fees, of $24.3$41.1 million and $36.0$79.9 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Customers recognized interest income, including origination fees, of $11.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
PPP loans include an embedded credit enhancement from the SBA, which guarantees 100% of the principal and interest owed by the borrower. As a result, the PPP loans do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures.
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value:value
Mortgage warehouse loans consist of commercial loans to mortgage companies. These mortgage warehouse lending transactions are subject to master repurchase agreements. As a result of the contractual provisions, for accounting purposes, control of the underlying mortgage loan has not transferred and the rewards and risks of the mortgage loans are not assumed by Customers. The mortgage warehouse loans are designated as loans held for investment and reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. Pursuant to the agreements, Customers funds the pipelines for these mortgage lenders by sending payments directly to the closing agents for funded mortgage loans and receives proceeds directly from third party investors when the underlying mortgage loans are sold into the secondary market. The fair value of the mortgage warehouse loans is estimated as the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The interest rates on these loans are variable, and the lending transactions are short-term, with an average life under 30 days from purchase to sale. The primary goal of these lending transactions is to provide liquidity to mortgage companies.
At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, all of Customers' commercial mortgage warehouse loans were current in terms of payment. As these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures.
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Loans and leases receivable:receivable
The following tables summarize loans and leases receivable by loan and lease type and performance status as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019:2020:
September 30, 2020 June 30, 2021
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)30-59 Days past due60-89 Days past due90 Days or more past dueTotal past due
Loans and leases not past due (2)
Total loans and leases (3)
(amounts in thousands)
30-59 Days past due (1)
60-89 Days past due (1)
90 Days or more past due (1)
Total past due (1)
Loans and leases not past due (2)
Total loans and leases (3)
Multi-familyMulti-family$0 $15,446 $4,790 $20,236 $1,930,064 $1,950,300 Multi-family$0 $3,355 $15,004 $18,359 $1,479,126 $1,497,485 
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrial0 2,072 7,695 9,767 2,210,948 2,220,715 Commercial and industrial4 1,318 6,415 7,737 2,352,919 2,360,656 
Commercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate owner occupied0 952 2,436 3,388 554,207 557,595 Commercial real estate owner occupied0 0 1,684 1,684 651,965 653,649 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupied0 0 2,356 2,356 1,213,160 1,215,516 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied0 12 0 12 1,206,634 1,206,646 
ConstructionConstruction0 0 0 0 122,963 122,963 Construction0 0 0 0 179,198 179,198 
Residential real estateResidential real estate436 3,160 6,327 9,923 325,529 335,452 Residential real estate56 679 5,029 5,764 261,147 266,911 
Manufactured housingManufactured housing784 608 4,463 5,855 58,783 64,638 Manufactured housing1,387 237 5,171 6,795 51,109 57,904 
InstallmentInstallment5,468 4,609 3,098 13,175 1,220,538 1,233,713 Installment5,966 2,154 2,728 10,848 1,538,845 1,549,693 
TotalTotal$6,688 $26,847 $31,165 $64,700 $7,636,192 $7,700,892 Total$7,413 $7,755 $36,031 $51,199 $7,720,943 $7,772,142 
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December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)
30-89 Days past due (1)
90 Days or more past due (1)
Total past due (1)
Non-accrual
Current (2)
Purchased-credit-impaired loans (4)
Total loans and leases (5)
(amounts in thousands)
30-59 Days past due (1)
60-89 Days past due (1)
90 Days or more past due (1)
Total past due (1)
Loans and leases not past due (2)
Total loans and leases (3)
Multi-familyMulti-family$2,133 0 $2,133 $4,117 $1,901,336 $1,688 $1,909,274 Multi-family$4,193 $5,224 $14,907 $24,324 $1,736,977 $1,761,301 
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrial2,395 0 2,395 4,531 1,882,700 354 1,889,980 Commercial and industrial2,257 1,274 3,079 6,610 2,282,831 2,289,441 
Commercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate owner occupied5,388 0 5,388 1,963 537,992 6,664 552,007 Commercial real estate owner occupied864 1,324 2,370 4,558 567,780 572,338 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupied8,034 0 8,034 76 1,211,892 3,527 1,223,529 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied0 60 2,356 2,416 1,194,148 1,196,564 
ConstructionConstruction0 0 0 0 118,418 0 118,418 Construction0 0 0 0 140,905 140,905 
Residential real estateResidential real estate5,924 0 5,924 6,128 359,491 3,471 375,014 Residential real estate6,640 1,827 1,856 10,323 306,847 317,170 
Manufactured housingManufactured housing3,699 1,794 5,493 1,655 61,649 1,601 70,398 Manufactured housing1,518 673 1,951 4,142 58,101 62,243 
InstallmentInstallment5,756 $0 5,756 1,551 1,170,793 183 1,178,283 Installment6,161 3,430 81 9,672 1,225,734 1,235,406 
TotalTotal$33,329 $1,794 $35,123 $20,021 $7,244,271 $17,488 $7,316,903 Total$21,633 $13,812 $26,600 $62,045 $7,513,323 $7,575,368 
(1)Includes past due loans and leases that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable.
(2)Loans and leases where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date. The SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 table excludestables exclude PPP loans of $5.0$6.3 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively, which are all current as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
(3)Includes purchased credit deterioratedPCD loans of $14.4$11.7 million and $13.4 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2020.
(4)Purchased-credit-impaired loans aggregated into a pool are accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, and the past due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Due to the credit impaired nature of the loans, the loans are recorded at a discount reflecting estimated future cash flows and the Bank recognizes interest income on each pool of loans reflecting the estimated yield and passage of time. Such loans are considered to be performing. Purchased-credit-impaired loans that are not in pools accrete interest when the timing and amount of their expected cash flows are reasonably estimable, and are reported as performing loans.
(5)Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts.
As of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of residential real estate held in OREO. As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Bank had initiated foreclosure proceedings on $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in loans secured by residential real estate.
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Nonaccrual Loans and Leases
The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases held for investment on nonaccrual status.
 
September 30, 2020 (1)
December 31, 2019 (2)
(amounts in thousands)Nonaccrual loans with no related allowanceNonaccrual loans with related allowanceTotal nonaccrual loansNonaccrual loans with no related allowanceNonaccrual loans with related allowanceTotal nonaccrual loans
Multi-family$8,749 $2,961 $11,710 $4,117 $0 $4,117 
Commercial and industrial8,749 884 9,633 3,083 1,448 4,531 
Commercial real estate owner occupied3,399 200 3,599 1,109 854 1,963 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied2,408 0 2,408 76 0 76 
Residential real estate10,634 0 10,634 4,559 1,569 6,128 
Manufactured housing0 2,778 2,778 0 1,655 1,655 
Installment0 3,118 3,118 140 1,411 1,551 
Total$33,939 $9,941 $43,880 $13,084 $6,937 $20,021 
 
June 30, 2021 (1)
December 31, 2020 (1)
(amounts in thousands)Nonaccrual loans with no related allowanceNonaccrual loans with related allowanceTotal nonaccrual loansNonaccrual loans with no related allowanceNonaccrual loans with related allowanceTotal nonaccrual loans
Multi-family$21,595 $0 $21,595 $18,800 $2,928 $21,728 
Commercial and industrial6,486 231 6,717 6,384 2,069 8,453 
Commercial real estate owner occupied2,688 0 2,688 3,411 0 3,411 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied0 0 0 2,356 0 2,356 
Residential real estate8,991 0 8,991 9,911 0 9,911 
Manufactured housing0 3,239 3,239 0 2,969 2,969 
Installment0 2,728 2,728 0 3,211 3,211 
Total$39,760 $6,198 $45,958 $40,862 $11,177 $52,039 
(1) Presented at amortized cost basis.
(2) Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts.
Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was insignificant duringfor the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020. Accrued interest of $1.2 million was reversed when the loans went to nonaccrual status was insignificant during the ninethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021 and 2020, respectively.

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Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases
The changes in the allowance for credit lossesACL on loans and leases for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 20192020 are presented in the tables below.
(amounts in thousands)Multi-familyCommercial and industrialCommercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupiedConstructionResidential real estateManufactured housingInstallmentTotal
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2021
Ending Balance,
March 31, 2021		$8,026 $7,503 $5,935 $11,621 $4,103 $3,209 $4,800 $83,539 $128,736 
Charge-offs0 (2)(1)0 0 0 0 (7,958)(7,961)
Recoveries0 285 2 59 114 12 0 898 1,370 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses(2,998)341 (1,472)(4,306)(1,574)(922)(428)14,650 3,291 
Ending Balance,
June 30, 2021		$5,028 $8,127 $4,464 $7,374 $2,643 $2,299 $4,372 $91,129 $125,436 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2021
Ending Balance,
December 31, 2020		$12,620 $12,239 $9,512 $19,452 $5,871 $3,977 $5,190 $75,315 $144,176 
Charge-offs(1,132)(637)(142)0 0 (50)0 (20,645)(22,606)
Recoveries0 545 9 69 119 22 0 2,730 3,494 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses(6,460)(4,020)(4,915)(12,147)(3,347)(1,650)(818)33,729 372 
Ending Balance,
June 30, 2021		$5,028 $8,127 $4,464 $7,374 $2,643 $2,299 $4,372 $91,129 $125,436 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Multi-familyCommercial and industrialCommercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupiedConstructionResidential real estateManufactured housingInstallmentTotal
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Multi-familyCommercial and industrialCommercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupiedConstructionResidential real estateManufactured housingInstallmentTotal
Ending Balance,
June 30, 2020		$14,697 $12,302 $11,405 $26,493 $5,297 $4,550 $6,014 $79,147 $159,905 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Ending Balance,
March 31, 2020		Ending Balance,
March 31, 2020		$8,750 $18,806 $8,527 $18,530 $1,934 $4,180 $4,987 $83,569 $149,283 
Charge-offsCharge-offs0 (2,527)(44)(10,181)0 0 0 (9,194)(21,946)Charge-offs0 (20)0 (2,801)0 0 0 (8,304)(11,125)
RecoveriesRecoveries0 2,582 0 1,258 6 17 0 784 4,647 Recoveries0 25 2 0 113 26 0 635 801 
Provision for credit loss expense329 569 (1,809)2,630 1,120 82 (389)10,423 12,955 
Ending Balance,
September 30, 2020		$15,026 $12,926 $9,552 $20,200 $6,423 $4,649 $5,625 $81,160 $155,561 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Provision (benefit) for credit lossesProvision (benefit) for credit losses5,947 (6,509)2,876 10,764 3,250 344 1,027 3,247 20,946 
Ending Balance,
June 30, 2020		Ending Balance,
June 30, 2020		$14,697 $12,302 $11,405 $26,493 $5,297 $4,550 $6,014 $79,147 $159,905 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2020		Six Months Ended
June 30, 2020
Ending Balance,
December 31, 2019		Ending Balance,
December 31, 2019		$6,157 $15,556 $2,235 $6,243 $1,262 $3,218 $1,060 $20,648 $56,379 Ending Balance,
December 31, 2019		$6,157 $15,556 $2,235 $6,243 $1,262 $3,218 $1,060 $20,648 $56,379 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle2,171 759 5,773 7,918 (98)1,518 3,802 57,986 79,829 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle - CECLCumulative effect of change in accounting principle - CECL2,171 759 5,773 7,918 (98)1,518 3,802 57,986 79,829 
Charge-offsCharge-offs0 (2,645)(44)(25,779)0 0 0 (23,744)(52,212)Charge-offs0 (117)0 (15,598)0 0 0 (14,550)(30,265)
RecoveriesRecoveries0 2,661 5 1,258 122 72 0 1,759 5,877 Recoveries0 79 5 0 116 55 0 975 1,230 
Provision for loan and lease losses6,698 (3,405)1,583 30,560 5,137 (159)763 24,511 65,688 
Ending Balance,
September 30, 2020		$15,026 $12,926 $9,552 $20,200 $6,423 $4,649 $5,625 $81,160 $155,561 
Provision (benefit) for credit lossesProvision (benefit) for credit losses6,369 (3,975)3,392 27,930 4,017 (241)1,152 14,088 52,732 
Ending Balance,
June 30, 2020		Ending Balance,
June 30, 2020		$14,697 $12,302 $11,405 $26,493 $5,297 $4,550 $6,014 $79,147 $159,905 

At June 30, 2021, the ACL was $125.4 million, a decrease of $18.8 million from the December 31, 2020 balance of $144.2 million. The decrease resulted primarily from a decrease in provision for credit losses from continuing improvement in macroeconomic forecasts. The increase in ACL for the installment portfolio is mainly due to loan portfolio growth.

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2019Multi-familyCommercial and industrialCommercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupiedConstructionResidential real estateManufactured housingInstallmentTotal
(amounts in thousands)
Ending Balance,
June 30, 2019		$9,926 $13,736 $3,360 $6,159 $649 $4,168 $123 $10,267 $48,388 
Charge-offs0 (349)(45)0 0 0 0 (1,806)(2,200)
Recoveries0 369 10 0 8 5 0 47 439 
Provision for loan and lease losses(2,428)2,119 (435)281 1 (90)904 4,074 4,426 
Ending Balance,
September 30, 2019		$7,498 $15,875 $2,890 $6,440 $658 $4,083 $1,027 $12,582 $51,053 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Ending Balance,
December 31, 2018		$11,462 $12,145 $3,320 $6,093 $624 $3,654 $145 $2,529 $39,972 
Charge-offs(541)(532)(119)0 0 (109)0 (3,493)(4,794)
Recoveries7 826 235 0 128 20 0 120 1,336 
Provision for loan and lease losses(3,430)3,436 (546)347 (94)518 882 13,426 14,539 
Ending Balance,
September 30, 2019		$7,498 $15,875 $2,890 $6,440 $658 $4,083 $1,027 $12,582 $51,053 

At September 30, 2020, the ACL was $155.6 million, an increase of $19.4 million from the January 1, 2020 balance of $136.2 million. The increase resulted primarily from the impact of reserve build for the COVID-19 pandemic including the change in macroeconomic forecasts, an increase in net charge-offs, mostly attributed to the commercial real estate non-owner occupied and installment portfolios, and portfolio growth mainly in the installment portfolio. Commercial real estate non-owner occupied charge-offs are attributable to two collateral dependent loans. Installment charge-offs are attributable to delinquencies and defaults of originated and purchased unsecured consumer installment loans through arrangements with fintech companies and other market place lenders.
PPP loans include an embedded credit enhancement guarantee from the SBA, which guarantees 100% of all principal and interest owed by the borrower. Therefore, Customers did not include an ACL for PPP loans as of September 30, 2020.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, there were $16.1$16.8 million and $13.3$16.1 million, respectively, in loans reported as TDRs. TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the quarter of their restructuring and are evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. In subsequent quarters, a TDR may be returned to accrual status if it satisfies a minimum performance requirement of six months, however, it will remain classified as impaired. Generally, the Bank requires sustained performance for nine months before returning a TDR to accrual status. Customers had 0 lease receivables that had been restructured as a TDR as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
TheSection 4013 of the CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, gives entities temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs. In addition, on April 7, 2020, certain regulatory banking agencies recently issued guidance stating certainan interagency statement that offers practical expedients for evaluating whether loan modifications in response to borrowers experiencing financial distress as a result of the economic impacts created by COVID-19 may not be required to be treated as TDRs under U.S GAAP.pandemic are TDRs. For COVID-19 related loan modifications which met the loan modification criteria under either the CARES Act or the criteria specified by the regulatory agencies, Customers elected to suspend TDR accounting for such loan modifications. At SeptemberJune 30, 2021, commercial and consumer deferments related to COVID-19 were $89.8 million and $8.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, commercial and consumer deferments related to COVID-19 were $79.0$202.1 million and $25.0$16.4 million, respectively.
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The following table presents loans modified in a TDR by type of concession for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020. There were 0 modifications that involved forgiveness of debt for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2020201920202019 2021202020212020
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)Number of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investment(dollars in thousands)Number of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investment
Extensions of maturityExtensions of maturity0 $0 0 $0 6 $385 2 $514 Extensions of maturity0 $0 2 $140 0 $0 6 $385 
Interest-rate reductionsInterest-rate reductions2 88 7 196 34 1,461 19 628 Interest-rate reductions4 157 20 843 12 341 32 1,373 
Other (1)
Other (1)
65 1,385 0 0 65 1,385 0 0 
Other (1)
99 1,141 0 0 119 1,682 0 0 
TotalTotal67 $1,473 7 $196 105 $3,231 21 $1,142 Total103 $1,298 22 $983 131 $2,023 38 $1,758 
(1) Other includes covenant modifications, forbearance, loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or other concessions.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, there were 0 commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in TDRs.
The following table presents, by loan type, the number of loans modified in TDRs and the related recorded investment, for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification:
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)Number of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investment(dollars in thousands)Number of loansRecorded investmentNumber of loansRecorded investment
Manufactured housingManufactured housing5 $201 3 $76 Manufactured housing7 $189 0 $0 
Commercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate owner occupied1 952 0 0 Commercial real estate owner occupied0 0 1 958 
Residential real estateResidential real estate1 95 1 82 Residential real estate1 43 4 313 
InstallmentInstallment8 $126 0 $0 Installment15 247 0 0 
Total loansTotal loans15 $1,374 4 $158 Total loans23 $479 5 $1,271 
Loans modified in TDRs are evaluated for impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those which have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of ACL.
Purchased Credit-Deteriorated Loans
Customers adopted ASC 326Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASC 326") using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration that were previously classified as PCI and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, Customers did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets were adjusted to reflect the addition of $0.2 million of the allowance for credit losses on PCD loans and leases. The remaining noncredit discount of $0.3 million, based on the adjusted amortized cost basis, will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate as of January 1, 2020. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the amortized cost basis of PCD assets amounted to $14.4 million.$11.7 million and $13.4 million, respectively.
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Credit Quality Indicators
The ACL represents management's estimate of expected losses in Customers' loans and leases receivable portfolio, excluding commercial mortgage warehouse loans reported at fair value pursuant to a fair value option election and PPP loans receivable. Multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loans are rated based on an internally assigned risk rating system which is assigned at the time of loan origination and reviewed on a periodic, or on an “as needed” basis. Residential real estate loans, manufactured housing and installment loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan.
To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loan portfolios, and as an input in the ACL lifetime loss rate model for the C&Icommercial and industrial loan portfolio, the Bank utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass/satisfactory (includes risk rating 1 through 6), special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass/satisfactory ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for whom there is a high likelihood of orderly
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repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk-rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to manage those loans and leases. The 20192020 Form 10-K describes Customers Bancorp’s risk rating grades.
Risk ratings are not established for certain consumer loans, including residential real estate, home equity, manufactured housing, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogeneous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based upon aggregate payment history through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends and are classified as performing and non-performing. The following tables present the credit ratings of loans and leases receivable as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019. PPP loans are excluded in the tables below as these loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)20202019201820172016PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Multi-family loans:
Pass$139,734 $23,396 $305,351 $626,402 $271,981 $485,023 $0 $0 $1,851,887 
Special mention0 0 0 22,430 10,424 26,836 0 0 59,690 
Substandard0 0 0 17,859 13,799 7,065 0 0 38,723 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total multi-family loans$139,734 $23,396 $305,351 $666,691 $296,204 $518,924 $0 $0 $1,950,300 
Commercial and industrial loans and leases:
Pass$564,313 $418,961 $153,659 $118,548 $48,470 $81,179 $739,151 $0 $2,124,281 
Special mention13,200 1,193 222 14,739 112 15,348 1,315 0 46,129 
Substandard6,421 9,037 14,343 1,611 8,084 2,925 7,884 0 50,305 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial and industrial loans and leases$583,934 $429,191 $168,224 $134,898 $56,666 $99,452 $748,350 $0 $2,220,715 
Commercial real estate owner occupied loans:
Pass$46,303 $185,921 $88,291 $71,438 $48,202 $93,679 $741 $0 $534,575 
Special mention0 0 478 9,260 0 245 0 0 9,983 
Substandard0 0 0 347 2,243 10,447 0 0 13,037 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans$46,303 $185,921 $88,769 $81,045 $50,445 $104,371 $741 $0 $557,595 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Pass$135,589 $113,247 $116,794 $225,952 $197,116 $346,107 $0 $0 $1,134,805 
Special mention0 0 0 0 0 10,559 0 0 10,559 
Substandard0 0 0 20,611 2,419 47,122 0 0 70,152 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans$135,589 $113,247 $116,794 $246,563 $199,535 $403,788 $0 $0 $1,215,516 
Construction:
Pass$8,679 $98,231 $4,571 $0 $9,768 $0 $1,714 $0 $122,963 
Special mention0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Substandard0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total construction loans$8,679 $98,231 $4,571 $0 $9,768 $0 $1,714 $0 $122,963 
Total commercial loans and leases receivable$914,239 $849,986 $683,709 $1,129,197 $612,618 $1,126,535 $750,805 $0 $6,067,089 
Residential real estate loans:
Performing$7,514 $15,252 $7,647 $12,246 $42,883 $78,365 $161,575 $0 $325,482 
Non-performing0 0 160 785 1,350 4,395 3,280 0 9,970 
Total residential real estate loans$7,514 $15,252 $7,807 $13,031 $44,233 $82,760 $164,855 $0 $335,452 
Manufactured housing loans:
Performing$0 $307 $632 $79 $42 $59,193 $0 $0 $60,253 
Non-performing0 0 0 0 0 4,385 0 0 4,385 
Total manufactured housing loans$0 $307 $632 $79 $42 $63,578 $0 $0 $64,638 
Installment loans:
Performing$318,780 $790,192 $115,024 $4,726 $513 $1,201 $0 $0 $1,230,436 
Non-performing305 2,326 485 41 2 118 0 0 3,277 
Total installment loans$319,085 $792,518 $115,509 $4,767 $515 $1,319 $0 $0 $1,233,713 
Total consumer loans$326,599 $808,077 $123,948 $17,877 $44,790 $147,657 $164,855 $0 $1,633,803 
Loans and leases receivable$1,240,838 $1,658,063 $807,657 $1,147,074 $657,408 $1,274,192 $915,660 $0 $7,700,892 
2020.
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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of June 30, 2021
(amounts in thousands)20212020201920182017PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Multi-family loans:
Pass$89,905 $135,133 $23,427 $243,767 $378,768 $534,970 $0 $0 $1,405,970 
Special mention0 0 0 0 12,100 8,979 0 0 21,079 
Substandard0 0 0 0 41,560 28,876 0 0 70,436 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 000 0 0 
Total multi-family loans$89,905 $135,133 $23,427 $243,767 $432,428 $572,825 $0 $0 $1,497,485 
Commercial and industrial loans and leases:
Pass$433,908 $417,713 $320,158 $102,737 $101,552 $102,040 $780,892 $0 $2,259,000 
Special mention18,883 4,335 6,364 214 0234 14,333 0 44,363 
Substandard0 10,192 7,462 17,570 7,163 7,584 7,322 0 57,293 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 
Total commercial and industrial loans and leases$452,791 $432,240 $333,984 $120,521 $108,715 $109,858 $802,547 $0 $2,360,656 
Commercial real estate owner occupied loans:
Pass$121,180 $83,122 $164,925 $60,990 $60,542 $122,010 $672 $0 $613,441 
Special mention0 0 0 320 2,072 588 0 0 2,980 
Substandard0 0 7,087 9,538 9,012 11,591 0 0 37,228 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans$121,180 $83,122 $172,012 $70,848 $71,626 $134,189 $672 $0 $653,649 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Pass$92,285 $158,983 $95,875 $68,193 $115,452 $395,022 $0 $0 $925,810 
Special mention0 21,925 11,229 22,002 99,469 43,573 0 0 198,198 
Substandard0 0 0 23,494 20,611 38,533 0 0 82,638 
Doubtful0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans$92,285 $180,908 $107,104 $113,689 $235,532 $477,128 $0 $0 $1,206,646 
Construction:
Pass$3,311 $36,135 $122,833 $4,895 $0 $9,565 $949 $0 $177,688 
Special mention0 1,510 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,510 
Substandard0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total construction loans$3,311 $37,645 $122,833 $4,895 $0 $9,565 $949 $0 $179,198 
Total commercial loans and leases receivable$759,472 $869,048 $759,360 $553,720 $848,301 $1,303,565 $804,168 $0 $5,897,634 
Residential real estate loans:
Performing$2,961 $10,493 $14,089 $11,887 $6,861 $95,687 $116,081 $0 $258,059 
Non-performing0 0 97 900 777 4,768 2,310 0 8,852 
Total residential real estate loans$2,961 $10,493 $14,186 $12,787 $7,638 $100,455 $118,391 $0 $266,911 
Manufactured housing loans:
Performing$0 $0 $296 $385 $76 $52,180 $0 $0 $52,937 
Non-performing0 0 0 0 0 4,967 0 0 4,967 
Total manufactured housing loans$0 $0 $296 $385 $76 $57,147 $0 $0 $57,904 
Installment loans:
Performing$515,870 $444,610 $509,216 $73,677 $2,668 $1,167 $0 $0 $1,547,208 
Non-performing6 594 1,609 219 7 50 0 0 2,485 
Total installment loans$515,876 $445,204 $510,825 $73,896 $2,675 $1,217 $0 $0 $1,549,693 
Total consumer loans$518,837 $455,697 $525,307 $87,068 $10,389 $158,819 $118,391 $0 $1,874,508 
Loans and leases receivable$1,278,309 $1,324,745 $1,284,667 $640,788 $858,690 $1,462,384 $922,559 $0 $7,772,142 

 December 31, 2019
(amounts in thousands)Multi-familyCommercial and industrialCommercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupiedConstructionResidential real estateManufactured housingInstallment
Total (3)
Pass/Satisfactory$1,816,200 $1,841,074 $536,777 $1,129,838 $118,418 $0 $0 $0 $5,442,307 
Special Mention69,637 26,285 8,286 6,949 0 0 0 0 111,157 
Substandard23,437 22,621 6,944 86,742 0 0 0 0 139,744 
Performing (1)
0 0 0 0 0 362,962 63,250 1,170,976 1,597,188 
Non-performing (2)
0 0 0 0 0 12,052 7,148 7,307 26,507 
Total$1,909,274 $1,889,980 $552,007 $1,223,529 $118,418 $375,014 $70,398 $1,178,283 $7,316,903 
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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of December 31, 2020
(amounts in thousands)20202019201820172016PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Multi-family loans:
Pass$150,835 $23,716 $299,319 $535,510 $227,296 $420,809 $0 $0 $1,657,485 
Special mention0 0 0 20,901 10,394 26,708 0 0 58,003 
Substandard0 0 0 34,197 8,256 3,360 0 0 45,813 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total multi-family loans$150,835 $23,716 $299,319 $590,608 $245,946 $450,877 $0 $0 $1,761,301 
Commercial and industrial loans and leases:
Pass$729,270 $373,050 $141,943 $116,793 $45,367 $71,502 $717,007 $0 $2,194,932 
Special mention13,200 1,117 436 113 516 21 17,524 0 32,927 
Substandard9,968 6,890 19,065 5,901 8,318 2,722 8,718 0 61,582 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial and industrial loans and leases$752,438 $381,057 $161,444 $122,807 $54,201 $74,245 $743,249 $0 $2,289,441 
Commercial real estate owner occupied loans:
Pass$82,343 $168,977 $72,615 $70,642 $46,510 $91,798 $741 $0 $533,626 
Special mention0 4,464 0 9,056 0 555 0 0 14,075 
Substandard0 2,848 9,499 342 2,231 9,717 0 0 24,637 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans$82,343 $176,289 $82,114 $80,040 $48,741 $102,070 $741 $0 $572,338 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Pass$143,231 $105,430 $97,882 $157,835 $155,168 $313,559 $0 $0 $973,105 
Special mention39,994 0 0 66,745 24,218 14,613 0 0 145,570 
Substandard0 0 17,741 20,611 366 39,171 0 0 77,889 
Doubtful0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 
Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans$183,225 $105,430 $115,623 $245,191 $179,752 $367,343 $0 $0 $1,196,564 
Construction:
Pass$19,932 $105,466 $4,954 $0 $9,700 $0 $853 $0 $140,905 
Special mention0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Substandard0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Doubtful0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total construction loans$19,932 $105,466 $4,954 $0 $9,700 $0 $853 $0 $140,905 
Total commercial loans and leases receivable$1,188,773 $791,958 $663,454 $1,038,646 $538,340 $994,535 $744,843 $0 $5,960,549 
Residential real estate loans:
Performing$6,708 $13,617 $6,810 $10,850 $38,143 $69,496 $161,576 $0 $307,200 
Non-performing0 0 160 785 1,350 4,395 3,280 0 9,970 
Total residential real estate loans$6,708 $13,617 $6,970 $11,635 $39,493 $73,891 $164,856 $0 $317,170 
Manufactured housing loans:
Performing$0 $295 $609 $76 $41 $56,837 $0 $0 $57,858 
Non-performing0 0 0 0 0 4,385 0 0 4,385 
Total manufactured housing loans$0 $295 $609 $76 $41 $61,222 $0 $0 $62,243 
Installment loans:
Performing$319,453 $791,235 $114,988 $4,736 $514 $1,204 $0 $0 $1,232,130 
Non-performing305 2,326 485 41 2 117 0 0 3,276 
Total installment loans$319,758 $793,561 $115,473 $4,777 $516 $1,321 $0 $0 $1,235,406 
Total consumer loans$326,466 $807,473 $123,052 $16,488 $40,050 $136,434 $164,856 $0 $1,614,819 
Loans and leases receivable$1,515,239 $1,599,431 $786,506 $1,055,134 $578,390 $1,130,969 $909,699 $0 $7,575,368 
(1)Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and installment loans not assigned internal ratings.
(2)Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and installment loans that are past due and still accruing interest or on nonaccrual status.
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Loan Purchases and Sales
Purchases and sales of loans were as follows for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(amounts in thousands)2020201920202019
Purchases (1)
Residential real estate$0 $0 $495 $105,858 
Installment (2)
15,700 83,898 225,468 534,150 
Total$15,700 $83,898 $225,963 $640,008 
Sales (3)
Commercial and industrial$3,968 $0 $3,968 $0 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied$17,600 $0 $17,600 $0 
Installment0 0 1,822 0 
Total$21,568 $0 $23,390 $0 
2020:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)2021202020212020
Purchases (1)
Loans receivable, PPP$460,456 $0 $621,487 $0 
Residential real estate0 0 0 495 
Installment (2)
0 18,008 115,849 209,768 
Total$460,456 $18,008 $737,336 $210,263 
Sales (3)
Multi-family$19,443 $0 $19,443 $0 
Commercial and industrial10,059 0 28,990 0 
Commercial real estate owner occupied4,461 0 6,698 0 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied0 0 18,366 0 
Residential real estate11,623 0 28,186 0 
Installment28,818 0 28,818 1,822 
Total$74,404 $0 $130,501 $1,822 
(1)Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of purchase. The purchase price was 98.1%102.0% and 96.3%98.5% of loans outstanding for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. The purchase price was 100.2%103.0% and 99.4%100.4% of loans outstanding for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
(2)Installment loan purchases for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 20192020 consist of third-party originated unsecured consumer loans. None of the loans are considered sub-prime at the time of origination. Customers considers sub-prime borrowers to be those with FICO scores below 660.
(3)Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of sale. There were noFor the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, loan sales resulted in net gains of $2.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, included in gain (loss) on sale of SBA and other loans and mortgage banking income in the three and nineconsolidated statement of income (loss). For the six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2021 and 2020, loan sales resulted in net gains of $4.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
During September 2020, Customers sold a collateral dependent loan secured by a Class A office building in northern New Jersey for $17.6 million equal to the loan's carrying value at the date of sale.
Loans Pledged as Collateral
Customers has pledged eligible real estate and commercial and industrial loans, including PPP loans as collateral for borrowings from the FHLB and FRB in the amount of $8.9$7.1 billion and $8.5 billion at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. PPP loans of $3.9 billion and $4.6 billion at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The increase in loans pledged as collateral relates to $4.8 billion of PPP loans that were pledged to the FRB in accordance with borrowing from the PPPLF.
PPPLF at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

NOTE 89 — LEASES
Lessee
Customers has operating leases for its branches, LPOs, and administrative offices, with remaining lease terms ranging between 2 monthmonths and 76 years. These operating leases comprise substantially all of Customers' obligations in which Customers is the lessee. Most lease agreements consist of initial lease terms ranging between 1 and 5 years, with options to renew the leases or extend the term up to 15 years at Customers' sole discretion. Some operating leases include variable lease payments that are based on an index or rate, such as the CPI. Variable lease payments are not included in the liability or right of use asset and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments are incurred. Customers' operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees
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or material restrictive covenants. Pursuant to these agreements, Customers does not have any commitments that would meet the definition of a finance lease.
As most of Customers' operating leases do not provide an implicit rate, Customers utilized its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at either the adoption of ASC 842, Leasesor the commencement date of the lease, whichever was later, when determining the present value of lease payments.
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The following table summarizes operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities and their corresponding balance sheet location:
(amounts in thousands)ClassificationJune 30, 2021December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Operating lease ROU assets (1)
Other assets$15,555 $16,578 
LIABILITIES
Operating lease liabilities (1)
Other liabilities$16,923 $18,005 
(amounts in thousands)ClassificationSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Operating lease ROU assetsOther assets$18,419 $20,232 
LIABILITIES
Operating lease liabilitiesOther liabilities$19,813 $21,358 
(1) Excludes operating leases of BMT included in assets and liabilities of discontinued operations.
The following table summarizes operating lease cost and its corresponding income statement location for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(amounts in thousands)Classification2020201920202019
Operating lease cost (1)
Occupancy expenses$1,643 $1,470 $4,597 $4,400 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)Classification2021202020212020
Operating lease cost (1)(2)
Occupancy expenses$1,130 $1,198 $2,247 $2,403 
(1) There were 0 variable lease costs for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, and sublease income for operating leases is immaterial.
(2) Excludes operating lease costs of BMT included in loss from discontinued operations in the consolidated statement of income.
Maturities of non-cancelable operating lease liabilities were as follows at SeptemberJune 30, 2020:
(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020
2020$2,610 
20215,134 
20224,653 
20233,759 
20242,673 
Thereafter3,026 
Total minimum payments21,855 
Less: interest2,042 
Present value of lease liabilities$19,813 
2021:
(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021
2021$2,826 
20225,097 
20234,208 
20243,177 
20252,047 
Thereafter1,465 
Total minimum payments18,820 
Less: interest1,897 
Present value of lease liabilities$16,923 
Customers does not have leases where it is involved with the construction or design of an underlying asset. Customers has no legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced as of SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. Cash paid pursuant to the operating lease liability was $1.4 million and $4.4$2.5 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Cash paid pursuant to the operating lease liability was $1.4$1.5 million and $4.2$3.0 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020, respectively. These payments were reported as cash flows used in operating activities in the statement of cash flows.
The following table summarizes the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for Customers' operating leases at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019:2020:
(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases (1)
4.1 years4.7 years
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases (1)
2.67 %2.90 %
(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases4.6 years5.0 years
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases2.69 %2.90 %

(1) Excludes operating leases of BMT included in assets and liabilities of discontinued operations.
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Equipment Lessor
CCF is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Customers Bank and is referred to as the Equipment Finance Group. CCF is primarily focused on originating equipment operating and direct finance equipment leases for a broad range of asset classes. It services vendors, dealers, independent finance companies, bank-owned leasing companies and strategic direct customers in the plastics, packaging, machine tool, construction, transportation and franchise markets. Lease terms typically range from 24 months to 120 months. CCF offers the following lease products: Capital Lease, Purchase Upon Termination, TRAC, Split-TRAC, and FMV. Direct finance equipment leases are included in commercial and industrial loans and leases receivable.
The estimated residual values for direct finance and operating leases are established by utilizing internally developed analyses, external studies, and/or third-party appraisals to establish a residual position. For the direct finance leases, only Customers' Split-TRAC leases have residual risk and the unguaranteed portions are typically nominal. Expected credit losses on direct financing leases and the related estimated residual values are included in the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases.
Leased assets under operating leases are carried at amortized cost net of accumulated depreciation and any impairment charges and are presented in other assets. The depreciation expense of the leased assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the leases up to the expected residual value. The expected residual value and, accordingly, the monthly depreciation expense, may change throughout the term of the lease. Operating lease rental income for leased assets is recognized in commercial lease income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Customers periodically reviews its operating leased assets for impairment. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the operating leased asset exceeds its fair value and is not recoverable. The carrying amount of operating leased assets is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the lease payments and the estimated residual value upon the eventual disposition of the equipment.
The following table summarizes lease receivables and investment in operating leases and their corresponding balance sheet location at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019:
(amounts in thousands)ClassificationSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Direct financing leases
Lease receivablesLoans and leases receivable$105,712 $91,762 
Guaranteed residual assetsLoans and leases receivable6,723 7,435 
Unguaranteed residual assetsLoans and leases receivable5,822 1,260 
Deferred initial direct costsLoans and leases receivable654 721 
Unearned incomeLoans and leases receivable(11,709)(11,300)
Net investment in direct financing leases$107,202 $89,878 
Operating leases
Investment in operating leasesOther assets$119,271 $107,850 
Accumulated depreciationOther assets(24,973)(14,251)
Deferred initial direct costsOther assets1,070 1,052 
Net investment in operating leases95,368 94,651 
Total lease assets$202,570 $184,529 
2020:
(amounts in thousands)ClassificationJune 30, 2021December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Direct financing leases
Lease receivablesLoans and leases receivable$122,372 $104,982 
Guaranteed residual assetsLoans and leases receivable11,261 12,988 
Unguaranteed residual assetsLoans and leases receivable4,846 1,229 
Deferred initial direct costsLoans and leases receivable503 560 
Unearned incomeLoans and leases receivable(9,489)(11,175)
Net investment in direct financing leases$129,493 $108,584 
Operating leases
Investment in operating leasesOther assets$138,359 $131,791 
Accumulated depreciationOther assets(35,568)(28,919)
Deferred initial direct costsOther assets1,021 996 
Net investment in operating leases103,812 103,868 
Total lease assets$233,305 $212,452 

COVID-19 Impact on Leases

Customers granted concessions to lessees as a result of the business impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, the book valuevalues of finance and operating leases with payment deferments were $31.0$28.1 million and $16.0$8.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the book values of finance and operating leases with payment deferments were $30.4 million and $15.2 million, respectively. The concessions did not have a material impact inon interest income from leases for the three months and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020. Additionally, Customers did not receive any concessions on its operating leases in which Customers is the lessee.



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NOTE 910 - BORROWINGS

Short-term debt
Short-term debt at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 was as follows:

 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate
FHLB advances$850,000 1.24 %$500,000 2.15 %
Federal funds purchased680,000 0.14 %538,000 1.60 %
Total short-term debt$1,530,000 $1,038,000 

 June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate
FHLB advances$0 0 %$850,000 1.19 %
Federal funds purchased0 0 %250,000 0.09 %
Total short-term debt$0 $1,100,000 
The following is a summary of additional information relating to Customers' short-term debt:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2021 (1)
December 31, 2020 (2)
FHLB advancesFHLB advancesFHLB advances
Maximum outstanding at any month endMaximum outstanding at any month end$910,000 $1,190,150 Maximum outstanding at any month end$850,000 $910,000 
Average balance during the periodAverage balance during the period796,286 793,304 Average balance during the period500,273 809,788 
Weighted-average interest rate during the periodWeighted-average interest rate during the period2.17 %2.66 %Weighted-average interest rate during the period2.48 %2.31 %
Federal funds purchasedFederal funds purchasedFederal funds purchased
Maximum outstanding at any month endMaximum outstanding at any month end842,000 600,000 Maximum outstanding at any month end365,000 842,000 
Average balance during the periodAverage balance during the period279,299 271,400 Average balance during the period44,171 239,481 
Weighted-average interest rate during the periodWeighted-average interest rate during the period0.20 %2.28 %Weighted-average interest rate during the period0.07 %0.19 %

(1)    For the six months ended June 30, 2021.
(2)    For the year ended December 31, 2020.
At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers Bank had aggregate availability under federal funds lines totaling $0.5$1.3 billion and $0.6 billion,$924.0 million, respectively.

Long-term debt
FHLB and FRB advances
Long-term FHLB and FRB advances at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 were as follows:

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate
FHLB advances$0 0 %$350,000 2.36 %
FRB PPP Liquidity Facility advances4,811,009 0.35 %0 0 %
Total long-term FHLB and FRB advances$4,811,009 $350,000 

June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate
FRB PPP Liquidity Facility advances$3,865,865 0.35 %$4,415,016 0.35 %
Total long-term FHLB and FRB advances$3,865,865 $4,415,016 
Beginning in second quarter 2020, Customers began participating in the PPPLF, in which Federal Reserve Banks extend non-recourse loans to institutions that are eligible to make PPP loans. Only PPP loans that are guaranteed by the SBA under the PPP, with respect to both principal and interest that are originated or purchased by an eligible institution, may be pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve Banks.

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The maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB and FRB at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 was as follows:

(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLBTotal maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB$2,851,496 $3,445,416 Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB$2,387,172 $2,729,516 
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB (1)
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB (1)
214,766 136,842 
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB (1)
197,894 223,299 
Qualifying loans serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB advances (1)
Qualifying loans serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB advances (1)
4,092,732 4,496,983 
Qualifying loans serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB advances (1)
3,156,850 3,363,364 
(1)    Amounts reported in the above table exclude borrowings under the PPPLF, which are limited to the face value of the loans originated under the PPP. At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers had $4.8$3.9 billion of borrowings under the PPPLF, with a borrowing capacity of up to $5.0$6.3 billion, which is the face value of the qualifying loans Customers has originated or purchased and outstanding under the PPP. At December 31, 2020, Customers had $4.4 billion of borrowings under the PPPLF.
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Senior and Subordinated Debt

Long-term senior notes and subordinated debt at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 were as follows:

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Issued byRankingAmountAmountRateIssued AmountDate IssuedMaturityPrice
Customers BancorpSenior$24,522 $24,432 4.500 %$25,000 September 2019September 2024100.000 %
Customers BancorpSenior99,413 99,198 3.950 %100,000 June 2017June 202299.775 %
Total other borrowings123,935 123,630 
Customers Bancorp
Subordinated (1)(2)
72,176 72,040 5.375 %74,750 December 2019December 2034100.000 %
Customers Bank
Subordinated (1)(3)
109,148 109,075 6.125 %110,000 June 2014June 2029100.000 %
Total subordinated debt$181,324 $181,115 

June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Issued byRankingAmountAmountRateIssued AmountDate IssuedMaturityPrice
Customers BancorpSenior$24,612 $24,552 4.500 %$25,000 September 2019September 2024100.000 %
Customers BancorpSenior99,629 99,485 3.950 %100,000 June 2017June 202299.775 %
Total other borrowings$124,241 $124,037 
Customers Bancorp
Subordinated (1)(2)
$72,313 $72,222 5.375 %$74,750 December 2019December 2034100.000 %
Customers Bank
Subordinated (1)(3)
109,221 109,172 6.125 %110,000 June 2014June 2029100.000 %
Total subordinated debt$181,534 $181,394 
(1)The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.
(2)Customers Bancorp has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after December 30, 2029.
(3)The subordinated notes will bear an annual fixed rate of 6.125% until June 26, 2024. From June 26, 2024 until maturity, the notes will bear an annual interest rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 344.3 basis points. Customers Bank has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after June 26, 2024.

NOTE 1011 — REGULATORY CAPITAL
The Bank and the Bancorp are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet the minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Customers' financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank and the Bancorp must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under the regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
In first quarter 2020, U.S federal banking regulatory agencies permitted banking organizations to phase-in, for regulatory capital purposes, the day-one impact of the new CECL accounting rule on retained earnings over a period of three years. As part of its response to the impact of COVID-19, on March 31, 2020, the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that provided the option to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period. The interim final rule allows banking organizations to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. Customers has elected to adopt the interim final rule, which is reflected in the regulatory capital data presented below.
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In April 2020, the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that permits banks to exclude the impact of participating in the SBA PPP program in their regulatory capital ratios. Specifically, PPP loans are zero percent risk weighted and a bank can exclude all PPP loans pledged as collateral to the PPPLF from its average total consolidated assets for purposes of calculating the Tier 1 capital to average assets ratio (i.e. leverage ratio). Customers applied this regulatory guidance in the calculation of its regulatory capital ratios presented below.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank and the Bancorp to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital to risk-weighted assets, and Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined in the regulations). At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Bank and the Bancorp satisfied all capital requirements to which they were subject.
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Generally, to comply with the regulatory definition of adequately capitalized, or well capitalized, respectively, or to comply with the Basel III capital requirements, an institution must at least maintain the common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios and the Tier 1 leverage ratio in excess of the related minimum ratios as set forth in the following table:

Minimum Capital Levels to be Classified as:
 ActualAdequately CapitalizedWell CapitalizedBasel III Compliant
(amounts in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of September 30, 2020:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$902,174 7.488 %$542,199 4.500 %N/AN/A$843,420 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,217,159 10.120 %$541,217 4.500 %$781,757 6.500 %$841,892 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,119,645 9.293 %$722,932 6.000 %N/AN/A$1,024,153 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,217,159 10.120 %$721,622 6.000 %$962,163 8.000 %$1,022,298 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,361,237 11.298 %$963,909 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,265,130 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,397,059 11.616 %$962,163 8.000 %$1,202,704 10.000 %$1,262,839 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,119,645 8.534 %$524,799 4.000 %N/AN/A$524,799 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,217,159 9.288 %$524,203 4.000 %$655,254 5.000 %$524,203 4.000 %
As of December 31, 2019:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$821,810 7.984 %$463,211 4.500 %N/AN/A$720,551 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,164,652 11.323 %$462,842 4.500 %$668,549 6.500 %$719,976 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,039,281 10.096 %$617,615 6.000 %N/AN/A$874,955 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,164,652 11.323 %$617,122 6.000 %$822,829 8.000 %$874,256 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,256,309 12.205 %$823,487 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,080,827 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,330,155 12.933 %$822,829 8.000 %$1,028,537 10.000 %$1,079,964 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,039,281 9.258 %$449,026 4.000 %N/AN/A$449,026 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,164,652 10.379 %$448,851 4.000 %$561,064 5.000 %$448,851 4.000 %

Minimum Capital Levels to be Classified as:
 ActualAdequately CapitalizedWell CapitalizedBasel III Compliant
(amounts in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of June 30, 2021:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,082,396 9.560 %$509,472 4.500 %N/AN/A$792,512 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,403,324 12.395 %$509,460 4.500 %$735,886 6.500 %$792,493 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,299,867 11.481 %$679,296 6.000 %N/AN/A$962,337 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,403,324 12.395 %$679,279 6.000 %$905,706 8.000 %$962,313 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,502,069 13.267 %$905,729 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,188,769 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,559,161 13.772 %$905,706 8.000 %$1,132,132 10.000 %$1,188,739 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,299,867 8.389 %$619,832 4.000 %N/AN/A$619,832 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,403,324 9.070 %$618,871 4.000 %$773,589 5.000 %$618,871 4.000 %
As of December 31, 2020:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$954,839 8.079 %$531,844 4.500 %N/AN/A$827,312 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,254,082 10.615 %$531,639 4.500 %$767,923 6.500 %$826,994 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,172,310 9.919 %$709,125 6.000 %N/AN/A$1,004,594 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,254,082 10.615 %$708,852 6.000 %$945,136 8.000 %$1,004,207 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,401,119 11.855 %$945,500 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,240,969 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,424,791 12.060 %$945,136 8.000 %$1,181,421 10.000 %$1,240,492 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,172,310 8.597 %$545,485 4.000 %N/AN/A$545,485 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,254,082 9.208 %$544,758 4.000 %$680,947 5.000 %$544,758 4.000 %
The Basel III Capital Rules require that we maintain a 2.500% capital conservation buffer with respect to each of CET1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, which provides for capital levels that exceed the minimum risk-based capital adequacy requirements. A financial institution with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

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NOTE 1112 — DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Customers uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of an entity’s assets and liabilities considered to be financial instruments. For Customers, as for most financial institutions, the majority of its assets and liabilities are considered to be financial instruments. Many of these instruments lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and a willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction. For fair value disclosure purposes, Customers utilized certain fair value measurement criteria under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures("ASC 820"), as explained below.
In accordance with ASC 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for Customers' various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques.  Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.  Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.
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The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, focusing on an exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.
The fair value guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy and describes the following three levels used to classify fair value measurements.
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require adjustments to inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).
A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of Customers' financial instruments as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019:2020:
Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Investment securities:
The fair values of equity securities, available for saleAFS debt securities and debt securities reported at fair value based on a fair value option election are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized and foreign securities exchanges (Level 1), quoted prices in markets that are not active (Level 2), matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or internally and externally developed models that use unobservable inputs due to limited or no market activity of the instrument (Level 3). These assets are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
Loans held for sale - Residential mortgage loans (fair value option):
Customers generally estimates the fair values of residential mortgage loans held for sale based on commitments on hand from investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. These assets are classified as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
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Loans receivable - Commercial mortgage warehouse loans (fair value option):
The fair value of commercial mortgage warehouse loans is the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The loan is used by mortgage companies as short-term bridge financing between the funding of the mortgage loans and the finalization of the sale of the loans to an investor. Changes in fair value are not generally expected to be recognized because at inception of the transaction the underlying mortgage loans have already been sold to an approved investor. Additionally, the interest rate is variable, and the transaction is short-term, with an average life of under 30 days from purchase to sale. These assets are classified as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
Derivatives (assets and liabilities):
The fair values of interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and credit derivatives are determined using models that incorporate readily observable market data into a market standard methodology. This methodology nets the discounted future cash receipts and the discounted expected cash payments. The discounted variable cash receipts and payments are based on expectations of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves. In addition, fair value is adjusted for the effect of nonperformance risk by incorporating credit valuation adjustments for Customers and its counterparties. These assets and liabilities are classified as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
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The fair values of the residential mortgage loan commitments are derived from the estimated fair values that can be generated when the underlying mortgage loan is sold in the secondary market. Customers generally uses commitments on hand from third party investors to estimate an exit price and adjusts for the probability of the commitment being exercised based on Customers' internal experience (i.e., pull-through rate). These assets and liabilities are classified as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
Derivative assets and liabilities are presented in "Other assets" and "Accrued interest payable and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheet.
The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of Customers' fair value in its entirety because fair value calculations are only provided for a limited portion of Customers' assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making these estimates, comparisons between Customers' disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.
Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Collateral-dependent loans:
Collateral-dependent loans are those loans that are accounted for under ASC 326Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, in which the Bank has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral or discounted cash flowDCF analysis. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties that collateralize the loans, discounted cash flowsDCF based upon the expected proceeds, sales agreements or letters of intent with third parties. These assets are generally classified as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
Other real estate owned:
The fair value of OREO is determined by using appraisals, which may be discounted based on management’s review and changes in market conditions or sales agreements with third parties. All appraisals must be performed in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. Appraisals are certified to the Bank and performed by appraisers on the Bank’s approved list of appraisers. Evaluations are completed by a person independent of management. The content of the appraisal depends on the complexity of the property. Appraisals are completed on a “retail value” and an “as is value”. These assets are classified as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

The estimated fair values of Customers' financial instruments at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows.
   Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2021
(amounts in thousands)Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$430,500 $430,500 $430,500 $0 $0 
Debt securities, available for sale1,526,792 1,526,792 0 1,526,792 0 
Loans held for sale34,540 34,540 0 34,033 507 
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases16,807,046 16,680,386 0 2,855,284 13,825,102 
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank and other restricted stock39,895 39,895 0 39,895 0 
Derivatives38,289 38,289 0 37,988 301 
Liabilities:
Deposits$13,873,939 $13,874,284 $13,246,789 $627,495 $0 
FRB PPP Liquidity Facility3,865,865 3,865,865 0 3,865,865 0 
Other borrowings124,240 130,576 0 130,576 0 
Subordinated debt181,534 198,904 0 198,904 0 
Derivatives38,756 38,756 0 38,756 0 
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The estimated fair values of Customers' financial instruments at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows.
   Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2020
(amounts in thousands)Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$331,416 $331,416 $331,416 $0 $0 
Debt securities, available for sale1,131,365 1,131,365 0 1,131,365 0 
Equity securities2,466 2,466 2,466 0 0 
Loans held for sale26,689 26,689 0 6,998 19,691 
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases16,423,029 17,070,867 0 3,913,593 13,157,274 
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank and other restricted stock70,387 70,387 0 70,387 0 
Derivatives60,810 60,810 0 60,355 455 
Liabilities:
Deposits$10,839,077 $10,843,133 $9,866,651 $976,482 $0 
FRB advances4,811,009 4,811,009 0 4,811,009 0 
Federal funds purchased680,000 680,000 680,000 0 0 
FHLB advances850,000 854,104 0 854,104 0 
Other borrowings123,935 102,594 0 102,594 0 
Subordinated debt181,324 178,958 0 178,958 0 
Derivatives110,649 110,649 0 110,649 0 

  Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019   Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		(amounts in thousands)Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$212,505 $212,505 $212,505 $0 $0 Cash and cash equivalents$693,354 $693,354 $693,354 $0 $0 
Debt securities, available for saleDebt securities, available for sale577,198 577,198 0 577,198 0 Debt securities, available for sale1,206,431 1,206,431 0 1,206,431 0 
Interest-only GNMA securities16,272 16,272 0 0 16,272 
Equity securitiesEquity securities2,406 2,406 2,406 0 0 Equity securities3,854 3,854 3,854 0 0 
Loans held for saleLoans held for sale486,328 486,328 0 2,130 484,198 Loans held for sale79,086 79,086 0 78,443 643 
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leasesTotal loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases9,508,367 9,853,037 0 2,245,758 7,607,279 Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases15,608,989 16,222,202 0 3,616,432 12,605,770 
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank and other restricted stockFHLB, Federal Reserve Bank and other restricted stock84,214 84,214 0 84,214 0 FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank and other restricted stock71,368 71,368 0 71,368 0 
DerivativesDerivatives23,608 23,608 0 23,529 79 Derivatives54,223 54,223 0 54,023 200 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
DepositsDeposits$8,648,936 $8,652,340 $6,980,402 $1,671,938 $0 Deposits$11,309,929 $11,312,494 $10,657,998 $654,496 $0 
FRB PPP Liquidity FacilityFRB PPP Liquidity Facility4,415,016 4,415,016 0 4,415,016 0 
Federal funds purchasedFederal funds purchased538,000 538,000 538,000 0 0 Federal funds purchased250,000 250,000 250,000 0 0 
FHLB advancesFHLB advances850,000 852,162 0 852,162 0 FHLB advances850,000 852,442 0 852,442 0 
Other borrowingsOther borrowings123,630 127,603 0 127,603 0 Other borrowings124,037 129,120 0 129,120 0 
Subordinated debtSubordinated debt181,115 192,217 0 192,217 0 Subordinated debt181,394 193,119 0 193,119 0 
DerivativesDerivatives45,939 45,939 0 45,939 0 Derivatives98,164 98,164 0 98,164 0 

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For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 were as follows:
 September 30, 2020
 Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
(amounts in thousands)Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Total
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
Assets
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities$0 $375,381 $0 $375,381 
U.S. government agencies securities0 40,008 0 40,008 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities0 $61,079 0 $61,079 
Agency guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations0 153,779 0 153,779 
State and political subdivision debt securities0 18,259 0 18,259 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations0 118,987 0 118,987 
Corporate notes0 363,872 0 363,872 
Equity securities2,466 0 0 2,466 
Derivatives0 60,355 455 60,810 
Loans held for sale – fair value option0 6,998 0 6,998 
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse – fair value option0 3,913,593 0 3,913,593 
Total assets – recurring fair value measurements$2,466 $5,112,311 $455 $5,115,232 
Liabilities
Derivatives $0 $110,649 $0 $110,649 
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
Assets
Loans held for sale$0 $0 $18,366 $18,366 
Collateral-dependent loans0 0 22,539 22,539 
Total assets – nonrecurring fair value measurements$0 $0 $40,905 $40,905 

 June 30, 2021
 Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
(amounts in thousands)Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Total
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
Assets
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities$0 $322,954 $0 $322,954 
U.S. government agencies securities0 20,114 0 20,114 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities0 10,355 0 10,355 
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities0 2,205 0 2,205 
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations0 81,758 0 81,758 
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations0 142,841 0 142,841 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities0 23,087 0 23,087 
Collateralized loan obligations0 162,927 0 162,927 
Corporate notes0 350,421 0 350,421 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations0 401,576 0 401,576 
State and political subdivision debt securities0 8,554 0 8,554 
Derivatives0 37,988 301 38,289 
Loans held for sale – fair value option0 6,074 0 6,074 
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse – fair value option0 2,855,284 0 2,855,284 
Total assets – recurring fair value measurements$0 $4,426,138 $301 $4,426,439 
Liabilities
Derivatives $0 $38,756 $0 $38,756 
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
Assets
Loans held for sale$0 $27,959 $0 $27,959 
Collateral-dependent loans0 0 5,323 5,323 
Total assets – nonrecurring fair value measurements$0 $27,959 $5,323 $33,282 
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December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020
Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Total(amounts in thousands)Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Total
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
AssetsAssetsAssets
Available for sale debt securities:Available for sale debt securities:Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securitiesAsset-backed securities$0 $377,145 $0 $377,145 
U.S. government agencies securitiesU.S. government agencies securities0 20,034 0 20,034 
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage–backed securitiesAgency-guaranteed residential mortgage–backed securities$0 $278,321 $0 $278,321 Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage–backed securities0 63,091 0 63,091 
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligationsAgency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations0 140,841 0 140,841 
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligationsAgency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations0 20,926 0 20,926 
Collateralized loan obligationsCollateralized loan obligations0 32,367 0 32,367 
Corporate notesCorporate notes0 298,877 0 298,877 Corporate notes0 396,744 0 396,744 
Interest-only GNMA securities0 0 16,272 16,272 
Private label collateralized mortgage obligationsPrivate label collateralized mortgage obligations0 136,992 0 136,992 
State and political subdivision debt securitiesState and political subdivision debt securities0 18,291 0 18,291 
Equity securitiesEquity securities2,406 0 0 2,406 Equity securities3,854 0 0 3,854 
DerivativesDerivatives0 23,529 79 23,608 Derivatives0 54,023 200 54,223 
Loans held for sale – fair value optionLoans held for sale – fair value option0 2,130 0 2,130 Loans held for sale – fair value option0 5,509 0 5,509 
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse – fair value optionLoans receivable, mortgage warehouse – fair value option0 2,245,758 0 2,245,758 Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse – fair value option0 3,616,432 0 3,616,432 
Total assets – recurring fair value measurementsTotal assets – recurring fair value measurements$2,406 $2,848,615 $16,351 $2,867,372 Total assets – recurring fair value measurements$3,854 $4,882,395 $200 $4,886,449 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
DerivativesDerivatives$0 $45,939 $0 $45,939 Derivatives$0 $98,164 $0 $98,164 
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
AssetsAssetsAssets
Impaired loans, net of specific reserves of $852$0 $— $14,272 $14,272 
Loans held for saleLoans held for sale$0 $55,683 $0 $55,683 
Collateral-dependent loansCollateral-dependent loans0 17,251 3,867 21,118 
Other real estate ownedOther real estate owned0 0 78 78 Other real estate owned0 0 35 35 
Total assets – nonrecurring fair value measurementsTotal assets – nonrecurring fair value measurements$0 $0 $14,350 $14,350 Total assets – nonrecurring fair value measurements$0 $72,934 $3,902 $76,836 

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The changes in residential mortgage loan commitments (Level 3 assets) measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 20192020 are summarized in the tables below. Additional information about residential mortgage loan commitments can be found in NOTE 1213 - DERIVATIVESDERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES.
Residential Mortgage Loan Commitments
Three Months Ended September 30,
(amounts in thousands)20202019
Balance at June 30$52 $145 
Issuances455 150 
Settlements(52)(145)
Balance at September 30$455 $150 
Residential Mortgage Loan Commitments
Three Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)20212020
Balance at March 31$196 $215 
Issuances301 52 
Settlements(196)(215)
Balance at June 30$301 $52 

Residential Mortgage Loan Commitments
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(amounts in thousands)20202019
 
Balance at December 31$79 $69 
Issuances722 372 
Settlements(346)(291)
Balance at September 30$455 $150 
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Residential Mortgage Loan Commitments
Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)20212020
Balance at December 31$200 $79 
Issuances497 267 
Settlements(396)(294)
Balance at June 30$301 $52 
There were no transfers between levels during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.
The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 on a recurring and nonrecurring basis for which Customers utilized Level 3 inputs to measure fair value. The unobservable Level 3 inputs noted below contain a level of uncertainty that may differ from what is realized in an immediate settlement of the assets. Therefore, Customers may realize a value higher or lower than the current estimated fair value of the assets.
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
September 30, 2020(amounts in thousands)Fair Value
Estimate		Valuation TechniqueUnobservable Input
Range 
(Weighted Average) (4)
(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021    
Collateral-dependent loans – real estate$21,5724,456 
Collateral appraisal (1)
Liquidation expenses (2)
8% - 8%26%
(8%(10%)
Collateral-dependent loans – commercial &and industrial967867 
Collateral appraisal (1)


Business asset valuation (3)
Liquidation expenses (2)

Business asset valuation adjustments (4)
7%8% - 8%
(8%)

60%19% - 60%40%
(60%(21%)
Residential mortgage loan commitments455301 Adjusted market bidPull-through rate
81%75% - 81%95%
(81%(85%)
(1)Obtained from approved independent appraisers. Appraisals are current and in compliance with credit policy. Customers does not generally discount appraisals.
Fair value is also estimated based on sale agreements or letters of intent with third parties.
(2)Appraisals are adjusted by management for liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expense adjustments are presented as a percentage of the appraisal.
(3)Business asset valuation obtained from independent party.
(4)Business asset valuations may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors including economic conditions and the condition of the business assets. The range and weighted average of the business asset adjustments are presented as a percent of the business asset valuation.
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Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2019(amounts in thousands)Fair Value
Estimate		Valuation TechniqueUnobservable Input
Range 
(Weighted Average) (4)
(amounts in thousands)December 31, 2020    
ImpairedCollateral-dependent loans – real estate$12,7672,928 
Collateral appraisal (1)


Business asset valuation (3)
Liquidation expenses (2)


Business asset valuation (4)
8% - 10%8%
(8%)

34% - 45%
(37%)
ImpairedCollateral-dependent loans – commercial &and industrial1,505939 
Collateral appraisal (1)


Business asset valuation (3)

Liquidation expenses (2)


Business asset valuation adjustments (4)
8%7% - 8%
(8%)

8%60% - 50%60%
(22%(60%)
Interest-only GNMA securities16,272 Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate
9% - 14%
12%
Other real estate owned7835 
Collateral appraisal (1)
Liquidation expenses (2)
8% - 9%
(9%)
Residential mortgage loan commitments79200 Adjusted market bidPull-through rate
85%78% - 85%78%
(85%(78%)
(1)Obtained from approved independent appraisers. Appraisals are current and in compliance with credit policy. Customers does not generally discount appraisals.
(2)Appraisals are adjusted by management for liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expense adjustments are presented as a percentage of the appraisal.
(3)Business asset valuation obtained from independent party.
(4)Business asset valuations may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors including economic conditions and the condition of the business assets. The range and weighted average of the business asset adjustments are presented as a percent of the business asset valuation.


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NOTE 1213 — DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
Risk Management Objectives of Using Derivatives
Customers is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. Customers manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and durations of its assets and liabilities. Specifically, Customers enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the values of which are determined by interest rates. Customers’ derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of Customers’ known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to certain borrowings and deposits. Customers also has interest-rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualifying customers, and therefore, they are not used to manage Customers’ interest-rate risk in assets or liabilities. Customers manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments used in this customer service in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest-Rate Risk
Customers’ objectives in using interest-rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, Customers primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for Customers making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged item affects earnings. To date, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the forecasted issuances of debt and a certain variable-rate deposit relationship. At December 31, 2020, Customers had 5 outstanding interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $1.1 billion that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.
Customers discontinues cash flow hedge accounting if it is probable the forecasted hedged transactions will not occur in the initially identified time period. At such time, the associated gains and losses deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified immediately into earnings and any subsequent changes in the fair value of such derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to During the six months ended June 30, 2021, Customers terminated 4 interest rate derivatives will bewith notional amounts totaling $850 million that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest-rate risk associated with 3-month FHLB advances, and reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on Customers' variable-rate debt and a variable-rate deposit relationship. Customers expects to reclassify $15.9$25.9 million of the realized losses and accrued interest from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)AOCI to interest expense duringcurrent earnings because the next 12 months.
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occurring. Customers is hedginghedged its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions (3-month FHLB advances and federal funds purchased) and a variable-rate deposit, relationship over a maximum periodwhich matured in June 2021. At June 30, 2021, Customers had 0 interest rate derivative designated as cash flow hedges of 67 months (excluding forecasted transactions relatedinterest rate risk.
Fair Value Hedges of Benchmark Interest-Rate Risk
Customers is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed rate AFS debt securities due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. Customers uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate such as the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of variablefixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for Customers receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest on existing financial instruments).income.
At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers had 516 outstanding interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $1.1 billion$80.5 million that were designated as cash flowfair value hedges of interest-rate risk.certain available for sale debt securities. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, Customers terminated 8 interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $191.8 million that were designated as fair value hedges together with the sale of hedged available for sale debt securities. At December 31, 2019,2020, Customers had 424 outstanding interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $725.0$272.3 million that were designated as cash flow hedgesfair value hedges.
As of interest rate-risk. The outstanding cash flow hedges at SeptemberJune 30, 2020 expire between June 2021, and May 2026.the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.
Amortized CostCumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment to Hedged Items
June 30,December 31,June 30,December 31,
(amounts in thousands)2021202020212020
Available for sale debt securities$80,500 $272,159 $846 $741 
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Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Customers executes interest rate swaps (typically the loan customers will swap a floating-rate loan for a fixed-rate loan) and interest rate caps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. The customer interest rate swaps and interest rate caps are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps and interest rate caps that Customers executes with a third party in order to minimize interest-rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate swaps and interest rate caps associated with this program do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and caps and the offsetting third-party market swaps and caps are recognized directly in earnings. At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers had 154157 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $1.4 billion and 612 interest rate caps with an aggregated notional amount of $122.1$205.4 million related to this program. At December 31, 2019,2020, Customers had 140155 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $1.4 billion and 412 interest rate caps with an aggregate notional amount of $78.6$204.9 million related to this program.
Customers enters into residential mortgage loan commitments in connection with its consumer mortgage banking activities to fund mortgage loans at specified rates and times in the future. These commitments are short-term in nature and generally expire in 30 to 60 days. The residential mortgage loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale are considered derivative instruments under applicable accounting guidance and are reported at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded directly in earnings. At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers had an outstanding notional balance of residential mortgage loan commitments of $19.4$6.0 million and $4.5$11.9 million, respectively.
Customers has also purchased and sold credit derivatives to either hedge or participate in the performance risk associated with some of its counterparties. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments and are reported at fair value, with changes in fair value reported directly in earnings. At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers had outstanding notional balances of credit derivatives of $172.9$165.8 million and $167.1$177.2 million, respectively.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet
The following tables present the fair value of Customers' derivative financial instruments as well as their presentation on the balance sheet as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020.
 September 30, 2020
 Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
(amounts in thousands)Balance Sheet LocationFair ValueBalance Sheet LocationFair Value
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swapsOther assets$0 Other liabilities$46,785 
Total$0 $46,785 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swapsOther assets$59,962 Other liabilities$63,340 
Interest rate capsOther assets9 Other liabilities9 
Credit contractsOther assets384 Other liabilities515 
Residential mortgage loan commitmentsOther assets455 Other liabilities0 
Total$60,810 $63,864 

 June 30, 2021
 Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
(amounts in thousands)Balance Sheet LocationFair ValueBalance Sheet LocationFair Value
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Interest rate swapsOther assets$846 Other liabilities$0 
Total$846 $0 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swapsOther assets$36,795 Other liabilities$38,367 
Interest rate capsOther assets146 Other liabilities146 
Credit contractsOther assets201 Other liabilities243 
Residential mortgage loan commitmentsOther assets301 Other liabilities0 
Total$37,443 $38,756 
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December 31, 2019December 31, 2020
Derivative AssetsDerivative LiabilitiesDerivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Balance Sheet LocationFair ValueBalance Sheet LocationFair Value(amounts in thousands)Balance Sheet LocationFair ValueBalance Sheet LocationFair Value
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsOther assets$196 Other liabilities$40,765 
TotalTotal$196 $40,765 
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsOther assets$0 Other liabilities$21,374 Interest rate swapsOther assets$0 Other liabilities$741 
TotalTotal$0 $21,374 Total$0 $741 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsOther assets$23,301 Other liabilities$24,797 Interest rate swapsOther assets$53,455 Other liabilities$56,209 
Interest rate capsInterest rate capsOther assets9 Other liabilities9 Interest rate capsOther assets46 Other liabilities46 
Credit contractsCredit contractsOther assets219 Other liabilities(241)Credit contractsOther assets326 Other liabilities403 
Residential mortgage loan commitmentsResidential mortgage loan commitmentsOther assets79 Other liabilities0 Residential mortgage loan commitmentsOther assets200 Other liabilities0 
TotalTotal$23,608 $24,565 Total$54,027 $56,658 
Effect of Derivative Instruments on Net Income
The following tables present amounts included in the consolidated statements of income related to derivatives designated as fair value hedges and derivatives not designated as hedges for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.
Amount of Income (Loss) Recognized in EarningsAmount of Income (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Income Statement Location2020201920202019(amounts in thousands)Income Statement Location2021202020212020
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Recognized on interest rate swapsRecognized on interest rate swapsNet interest income$(130)$0 $4,777 $0 
Recognized on hedged available for sale debt securitiesRecognized on hedged available for sale debt securitiesNet interest income130 0 (4,777)0 
TotalTotal$0 $0 $0 $0 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsOther non-interest income$387 $(35)$(6,191)$63 Interest rate swapsOther non-interest income$(376)$(5,563)$2,023 $(6,578)
Interest rate capsInterest rate capsOther non-interest income0 0 0 0 Interest rate capsOther non-interest income0 0 0 0 
Credit contractsCredit contractsOther non-interest income162 85 1,436 228 Credit contractsOther non-interest income(63)1,405 74 1,274 
Residential mortgage loan commitmentsResidential mortgage loan commitmentsMortgage banking income403 5 376 82 Residential mortgage loan commitmentsMortgage banking income105 (164)101 (27)
TotalTotal$952 $55 $(4,379)$373 Total$(334)$(4,322)$2,198 $(5,331)

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Effect of Derivative Instruments on Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the effect of Customers' derivative financial instruments on comprehensive income for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (1)
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
(amounts in thousands)2021202020212020
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps$4 $(4,685)Interest expense$(1,046)$(2,718)

Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (1)
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
September 30,
(amounts in thousands)2020201920202019
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps$429 $(3,821)Interest expense$(4,400)$(764)

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Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (1)
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (1)
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)2020201920202019(amounts in thousands)2021202020212020
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$(24,602)$(19,391)Interest expense$(8,596)$(355)Interest rate swaps$9,117 $(25,031)Interest expense$(2,505)$(4,196)
0 0 Other non-interest income(24,467)0 
TotalTotal$9,117 $(25,031)$(26,972)$(4,196)
(1) Amounts presented are net of taxes. See NOTE 45 - CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) for the total effect on other comprehensive income (loss) from derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for the periods presented.

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
By entering into derivative contracts, Customers is exposed to credit risk. The credit risk associated with derivatives executed with customers is the same as that involved in extending the related loans and is subject to the same standard credit policies. To mitigate the credit-risk exposure to major derivative dealer counterparties, Customers only enters into agreements with those counterparties that maintain credit ratings of high quality.quality or with central clearing parties.
Agreements with major derivative dealer counterparties contain provisions whereby default on any of Customers' indebtedness would be considered a default on its derivative obligations. Customers also has entered into agreements that contain provisions under which the counterparty could require Customers to settle its obligations if Customers fails to maintain its status as a well/adequately capitalized institution. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position (which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance-risk) related to these agreements was $114.5$37.5 million. In addition, Customers, which has collateral posting thresholds with certain of these counterparties, had posted $110.0$35.6 million of cash as collateral at SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. Customers records cash posted as collateral with these counterparties, except with a central clearing party, as a reduction in the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents and an increase in the balance of other assets.
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Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
The following tables present derivative instruments that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. Customers' interest rate swaps and interest rate caps with institutional counterparties are subject to master netting arrangements and are included in the table below. Interest rate swaps and interest rate caps with commercial banking customers and residential mortgage loan commitments are not subject to master netting arrangements and are excluded from the table below. Customers has not made a policy election to offset its derivative positions.
Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Financial InstrumentsCash Collateral Received/(Posted)Net Amount(amounts in thousands)Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance SheetsFinancial InstrumentsNet Amount
September 30, 2020
June 30, 2021June 30, 2021
Interest rate derivative assets with institutional counterpartiesInterest rate derivative assets with institutional counterparties$0 $0 $0 $0 Interest rate derivative assets with institutional counterparties$0 $0 $0 $0 
Interest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterpartiesInterest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterparties$110,039 $0 $(110,039)$0 Interest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterparties$35,590 $0 $(35,590)$0 
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Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)Financial InstrumentsCash Collateral Received/(Posted)Net Amount(amounts in thousands)Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance SheetsFinancial InstrumentsNet Amount
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020
Interest rate derivative assets with institutional counterpartiesInterest rate derivative assets with institutional counterparties$432 $0 $0 $432 Interest rate derivative assets with institutional counterparties$199 $0 $0 $199 
Interest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterpartiesInterest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterparties$45,727 $0 $(45,727)$0 Interest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterparties$97,641 $0 $(97,641)$0 

NOTE 13 — BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Customers’ segment financial reporting reflects the manner in which its chief operating decision makers allocate resources and assess performance. Management has determined that Customers’ operations consist of 2 reportable segments - Customers Bank Business Banking and BankMobile. Each segment generates revenues, manages risk, and offers distinct products and services to targeted customers through different delivery channels. The strategy, marketing and analysis of these segments vary considerably.
The Customers Bank Business Banking segment is delivered predominately to commercial customers in Southeastern Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Washington, D.C., and Illinois through a single-point-of-contact business model and provides liquidity to residential mortgage originators nationwide through commercial loans to mortgage companies. Lending and deposit gathering activities are focused primarily on privately held businesses, high-net-worth families, selected commercial real estate lending, commercial mortgage companies, and equipment finance. Revenues are generated primarily through net interest income (the difference between interest earned on loans and leases, investments, and other interest earning assets and interest paid on deposits and other borrowed funds) and other non-interest income, such as mortgage warehouse transactional fees and BOLI.
The BankMobile segment provides state-of-the-art high-tech digital banking and disbursement services to consumers, students, and the "under banked" nationwide, along with "Banking as a Service" offerings with white label partners. BankMobile is a full-service fintech banking platform that is accessible to customers anywhere and anytime through the customer's smartphone or other web-enabled device. Revenues are currently being generated primarily through interest income on consumer installment loans, interchange and card revenue, deposit and wire transfer fees and university fees. The majority of expenses for BankMobile are related to the segment's operation of the ongoing business acquired through the Disbursement business acquisition and costs associated with the development of white label products for its partners.

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The following tables present the operating results for Customers' reportable business segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The segment financial results include directly attributable revenues and expenses. Consistent with the presentation of segment results to Customers' chief operating decision makers, overhead costs and preferred stock dividends are assigned to the Customers Bank Business Banking segment. The tax benefit assigned to BankMobile was based on an estimated effective tax rate of 20.61% for 2020 and 23.15% for 2019, respectively.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(amounts in thousands)Customers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidatedCustomers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidated
Interest income (1)
$126,648 $13,002 

$139,650 $113,995 $12,723 $126,718 
Interest expense31,718 493 32,211 50,734 249 50,983 
Net interest income94,930 12,509 107,439 63,261 12,474 75,735 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases8,699 4,256 12,955 2,475 1,951 4,426 
Non-interest income21,603 12,190 33,793 11,757 11,612 23,369 
Non-interest expense48,926 16,635 65,561 38,347 21,245 59,592 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)58,908 3,808 62,716 34,196 890 35,086 
Income tax expense (benefit)11,374 827 12,201 7,814 206 8,020 
Net income (loss)47,534 2,981 50,515 26,382 684 27,066 
Preferred stock dividends3,430 0 3,430 3,615 0 3,615 
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders$44,104 $2,981 $47,085 $22,767 $684 $23,451 
(1) Amounts reported include funds transfer pricing of $2.2 million and $0.3 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, credited to BankMobile for the value provided to the Customers Bank Business Banking segment for the use of excess low/no cost deposits.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(amounts in thousands)Customers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidatedCustomers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidated
Interest income (1)
$351,819 $38,393 $390,212 $309,882 $29,863 $339,745 
Interest expense108,251 1,219 109,470 139,402 625 140,027 
Net interest income243,568 37,174 280,742 170,480 29,238 199,718 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases55,620 10,068 65,688 3,245 11,294 14,539 
Non-interest income44,422 33,537 77,959 20,304 34,821 55,125 
Non-interest expense137,055 58,470 195,525 111,840 61,320 173,160 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)95,315 2,173 97,488 75,699 (8,555)67,144 
Income tax expense (benefit)20,708 448 21,156 17,324 (1,981)15,343 
Net income (loss)74,607 1,725 76,332 58,375 (6,574)51,801 
Preferred stock dividends10,626 0 10,626 10,844 0 10,844 
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders$63,981 $1,725 $65,706 $47,531 $(6,574)$40,957 
As of September 30, 2020 and 2019
Goodwill and other intangibles$3,629 $10,808 $14,437 $3,629 $11,892 $15,521 
Total assets (2)
$18,203,784 $574,943 $18,778,727 $11,131,914 $591,876 $11,723,790 
Total deposits$9,895,328 $943,749 $10,839,077 $8,260,080 $665,605 $8,925,685 
Total non-deposit liabilities (2)
$6,853,184 $34,975 $6,888,159 $1,747,846 $31,109 $1,778,955 
(1) Amounts reported include funds transfer pricing of $5.3 million and $8.1 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, credited to BankMobile for the value provided to the Customers Bank Business Banking segment for the use of excess low/no cost deposits.
(2) Amounts reported exclude inter-segment receivables/payables.

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NOTE 14 - NON-INTEREST REVENUES
Customers' revenue from contracts with customers in scope of ASC 606 is recognized within non-interest income.
The following table presents Customers' non-interest revenues affected by ASC 606 by business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(amounts in thousands)Customers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidatedCustomers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidated
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Interchange and card revenue (1)
$(3,148)$7,229 $4,081 $181 $6,688 $6,869 
Deposit fees651 2,788 3,439 457 3,185 3,642 
University fees - card and disbursement fees0 310 310 0 262 262 
Total revenue recognized at point in time(2,497)10,327 7,830 638 10,135 10,773 
Revenue recognized over time:
University fees - subscription revenue0 1,039 1,039 0 1,006 1,006 
Total revenue recognized over time0 1,039 1,039 — 1,006 1,006 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$(2,497)$11,366 $8,869 $638 $11,141 $11,779 


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(amounts in thousands)Customers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidatedCustomers Bank Business BankingBankMobileConsolidated
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Interchange and card revenue (1)
$(2,685)$20,053 $17,368 $580 $21,855 $22,435 
Deposit fees1,704 8,517 10,221 1,190 8,009 9,199 
University fees - card and disbursement fees0 990 990 0 783 783 
Total revenue recognized at point in time(981)29,560 28,579 1,770 30,647 32,417 
Revenue recognized over time:
University fees - subscription revenue0 3,038 3,038 0 2,953 2,953 
Total revenue recognized over time0 3,038 3,038 0 2,953 2,953 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$(981)$32,598 $31,617 $1,770 $33,600 $35,370 

(1) Beginning on July 1, 2020, Customers Bank became subject to the Federal Reserve's regulation limits on interchange fees for banks over $10 billion in assets. Customers Bank Business Banking has agreed to pay BankMobile the difference between the regulated and unregulated interchange rates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, BankMobile received $3.2 million for the difference between the regulated and unregulated interchange rates.
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NOTE 15 — LOSS CONTINGENCIES

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are any such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements that are not currently accrued for. However, in light of the uncertainties inherent in these matters, it is possible that the ultimate resolution may have a material adverse effect on Customers’ results of operations for a particular period, and future changes in circumstances or additional information could result in accruals or resolution in excess of established accruals, which could adversely affect Customers’ results of operations, potentially materially.
Lifestyle Healthcare Group, Inc. Matter

On January 9, 2017, Lifestyle Healthcare Group, Inc., et al (“Plaintiffs”) filed a Complaint captioned Lifestyle Healthcare Group, Inc.; Fred Rappaport; Victoria Rappaport; Lifestyle Management Group, LLC Trading as Lifestyle Real Estate I, LP; Lifestyle Real Estate I GP, LLC; Daniel Muck; Lifestyle Management Group, LLC; Lifestyle Management Group, LLC Trading as Lifestyle I, LP D/B/A Lifestyle Medspa, Plaintiffs (“Lifestyle Parties”) v. Customers Bank, Robert White; Saldutti Law, LLC a/k/a Saldutti Law Group; Robert L. Saldutti, Esquire; and Michael Fuoco, Civil Action No. 01206, in the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia. In this Complaint, the Plaintiffs generally allege wrongful use of civil proceedings and abuse of process in connection with a case filed and later dismissed in federal court, titled, Customers Bank v. Fred Rappaport, et al., U.S.D.C.E.D. Pa., No. 15-6145. On January 30, 2017, Customers Bank filed Preliminary Objections to the Complaint seeking dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against Customers Bank and Robert White, named as co-defendants. In response to the Preliminary Objections, Lifestyle filed an Amended Complaint against Customers Bank and Robert White. Customers Bank filed Preliminary Objections to the Second Amended Complaint seeking dismissal of Plaintiff's claim against Customers Bank and Robert White, named as co-defendants. The Court dismissed certain counts and determined to allow certain other counts to proceed. On September 17, 2020, a Stipulation of Dismissal with Prejudice was filed with the Court as a result of the voluntary resolution of the matter by and between Plaintiffs and defendants, Customers Bank, Robert White and Michael Fuoco only.

United States Department of Education Matter
In third quarter 2018, Customers received a Final Program Review Determination ("FPRD") letter dated September 5, 2018 from the ED regarding a focused program review of Higher One's/Customers Bank's administration, as a third party servicer, of the programs authorized pursuant to Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965. The ED program review covered the award years beginning in 2013 through the FPRD issuance date, including the time period when Higher One was acting as the third party servicer prior to Customers' acquisition of the Disbursement business on June 15, 2016. The FPRD determined that, with respect to students enrolled at specified partner institutions, Higher One/Customers did not provide convenient fee-free access to ATMs or bank branch offices in such locations as required by the ED’s cash management regulations. Those regulations, which were in effect during the period covered by the program review and were revised during that period, seek, among other purposes, to ensure that students can make fee-free cash withdrawals. The FPRD determined that students incurred prohibited costs in accessing Title IV credit balance funds, and the FPRD classifies those costs as financial liabilities of Customers. The FPRD also requires Customers to take prospective action to increase ATM access for students at certain of its partner institutions. Customers disagreed with the FPRD and appealed the asserted financial liabilities of $6.5 million, and a request for review has been submitted to trigger an administrative process before the ED’s Office of Hearing and Appeals.
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On March 26, 2020, the ED and Customers filed a Joint Motion to Dismiss with Prejudice (the "Joint Motion") with the United States Department of Education. The Joint Motion states that the ED and Customers reached an agreement that resolves the liabilities at issue in the appeal. The Joint Motion was granted on April 27, 2020. As part of the settlement, the liabilities assessed in the FPRD were reduced to $3.0 million (the "settlement amount"). Customers had previously recorded a liability in the amount of $1.0 million during third quarter 2019 and increased its liability by an additional $1.0 million in first quarter 2020. The remaining $1.0 million is expected to be funded from funds in an escrow account set-up at the time of Customers' acquisition of the Disbursement business from Higher One in 2016.

Specialty’s Café Bakery, Inc. Matter
BureauOn May 27, 2020, the appointed Chapter 7 Trustee for Specialty’s Café Bakery, Inc. (“Debtor”) filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 of the Fiscal Service Notice of Direct Debit (U.S. Treasury Check Reclamation)
On June 21, 2019, Customers received a Notice of Direct Debit (U.S. Treasury Check Reclamation) fromBankruptcy Code in the Bureau of the Fiscal Service (“Reclamation Notice”). The Reclamation Notice represented a demand to CustomersUnited Stated Bankruptcy Court for the returnCentral District of funds on a U.S. Treasury check for approximately $5.4 million. CustomersCalifornia. On October 28, 2020, the Trustee, as plaintiff, filed a written protest pursuant to Code of Federal Regulations, Title 31, Chapter II, Part 240, which resulted in a suspension of the direct debit by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service. On January 31, 2020, Customers received an Abandonment Notice from the Bureau of Fiscal Service instructing Customers to disregard the Notice of Direct Debit as the Bureau of Fiscal Service would not be seeking reclamation of these funds.
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NOTE 16 — BANKMOBILE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. MERGER

On August 6, 2020, Customers Bank, BMT, a subsidiary ofher amended adversary complaint (“Adversary Complaint”) against Customers Bank and MFAC, a special purpose acquisition company, entered into a definitive merger agreement. BMT is the technology arm of Customers' BankMobile reporting segment. Upon closing of the transaction, the combined company will operate as BM TechnologiesSBA seeking to avoid and expects to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. All BMT serviced deposits and loans will remain at the Bank immediately after the closing of the transaction. Upon the closing of the transaction, BM Technologies will be a financial technology company bringing banks and business partners together through its digital banking platform.

Merger Consideration

The aggregate consideration to be paid in connection with the merger will be an amount (the “Merger Consideration”) equal to: (i) $140.0 million minus (ii) $9.3 million (representing a sponsor equity adjustment), plus (or minus, if negative) (iii) BMT’s net working capital less a target net working capital of $10.0 million, minus (iv) the aggregate amount of any outstanding indebtedness of BMT at closing, and minus (v) the amount of any unpaid transaction expenses of BMT, MFAC’s transaction expenses and other liabilities of MFAC due and owing at the closing of the transaction.

The Merger Consideration will consist of cash and stock. The cash portion of the Merger Consideration (“Cash Consideration”) will be equal to (i) the amount of any proceeds of the PIPE Investment; plus (ii) an amount equal to one-half (1/2) of the difference between the (A) cash and cash equivalents of MFAC, including any funds in the trust account after giving effect to the completion of the redemption of shares of MFAC’s public stockholders (“Redemption”), less (B) a cash reserve to be usedrecover for the benefit of BM Technologies in the Merger,Debtor’s estate and its creditors the payment made by the Debtor to Customers Bank in the amount of $10.0$8.1 million (such difference between clause (A)in satisfaction of a Payroll Protection Program loan made by Customers Bank to the Debtor (the “PPP Loan Payment”). The Trustee seeks to avoid and (B)recover the entire PPP Loan Payment from the Bank under the authority provided in 11 U.S.C. §547 and §550, which resulting amount if otherwise negative shall be equaltogether permit a trustee of a bankruptcy debtor to zero, being which resulting amount if otherwise negative shall be equal to zero, beingavoid and recover, for a more equitable distribution among all creditors, certain transfers made within ninety (90) days before the “Remaining Trust Account Amount”); minus (iii) MFAC’s transaction expenses and other liabilities of MFAC due and owing at the Business Combination Closing; plus (iv) the cash and cash equivalents of BMT; minus (v) BMT’s unpaid transaction expenses; minus (vi) a cash reserve in the amount of $5.0 million. The stock portionfiling of the Merger Consideration consistsbankruptcy petition. The Bank intends to vigorously defend itself against the Trustee’s Adversary Complaint and is currently unable to reasonably determine the likelihood of loss nor estimate a numberpossible range of shares of MFAC’s Class A common stock with an aggregate value (the “Merger Consideration Share Amount”) equal to (a) the Merger Consideration, minus (b) the Cash Consideration, with Customers Bancorp's stockholders receiving a number of shares of MFAC Class A common stock equal to the Merger Consideration Share Amount, divided by $10.38 (the “Per Share Price”).loss.
NOTE 15 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Merger Consideration is subject to adjustment after the closing date based on confirmed amounts of the net working capital of BMT, the outstanding indebtedness of BMT and any unpaid transaction expenses of BMT, as of the closing date. The adjustment amount shall be the Merger Consideration as finally determined minus the estimated Merger Consideration that was issued at the closing date of the transaction. If the adjustment is a negative adjustment in favor of MFAC, the Bank will pay MFAC the absolute value of the adjustment amount in cash. If the adjustment is a positive adjustment in favor of BMT, MFAC will issue to the Bank an additional number of shares of Class A Common Stock of MFAC with a value equal to the adjustment amount (with each share valued at the per share price). The Merger Consideration is also subject to reduction for the indemnification obligations of the Bank.

Certain Relationships

Mr. Jay Sidhu, who currently serves as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Customers Bancorp and Executive Chairman of the Bank, also serves as a director of MFAC, is one of the managing members of MFAC’s sponsor and is a MFAC stockholder and also served as Executive Chairman of MFAC through August 7, 2020. Mr. Bhanu Choudhrie, who currently serves as a member of the board of directors of Customers Bancorp and the Bank also serves as a director of MFAC, is one of the managing members of MFAC’s sponsor and is a MFAC stockholder. Mr. Samvir Sidhu, the son of Jay Sidhu, currently serves as the Bank’s Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer and as Customers Bancorp’s Head of Corporate Development, previously served as the Chief Executive Officer of MFAC, currently serves as a director of MFAC and is a MFAC stockholder. Ms. Luvleen Sidhu, the daughter of Jay Sidhu, currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer and as a director of BMT and is expected to continue to serve in those roles with BM Technologies. Certain of these individuals also expect to participate in the private placement by MFAC of shares of its Class A common stock to be completed in connection with the closing.

In light of these relationships, Customers Bancorp appointed a special committee consisting of independent directors with their own counsel and financial advisors. The special committee reviewed the transaction, obtained a fairness opinion in connection with the transaction, and made a unanimous recommendation to Customers Bancorp’s board of directors for approval. Customers Bancorp’sOn July 28, 2021, Customers' board of directors approved the transaction by a majority vote, with the above-mentioned directors recusing themselves from the deliberationplan to redeem $ 82.5 million, or all of our outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock and voting process and no director voting against the transaction.
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TableSeries D Preferred Stock. On August 6, 2021, Customers Bancorp completed an underwritten public offering of Contents

Amendment$100 million in aggregate principal amount of its 2.875% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2031 (the “Notes”). The price to the Merger Agreement

On November 2, 2020, the Bank, BMT and MFAC amended the merger agreement to provide, among other things, that the stock portionpublic was 100% of the Merger Consideration will be distributed to Customers Bancorp's stockholders at the closingprincipal amount of the transaction and that there will be restrictions onNotes. The Company estimates the net proceeds from the sale of these shares for twelve monthsthe Notes, after deducting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the closingCompany, will be approximately $98.7 million. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering to fund the redemption of all of the merger, provided that these restrictions will end priorCompany's outstanding Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock. The Company intends to such time uponuse any remaining proceeds following the earlier of (1)redemptions for general corporate purposes, which may include working capital, repaying indebtedness and providing capital to the date afterBank. The amounts the closing date on which MFAC consummates a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction with an unaffiliated third-party that results in all of MFAC’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of common stock for cash, securities or other property, and (2) the date on which the closing sale price of MFAC’s common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations and recapitalizations and the like)Company actually expends for any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period commencing at least 150 days afterpurpose may vary significantly depending upon numerous factors, including assessments of potential market opportunities and competitive developments. The offering of the closing date.

The merger is expectedNotes was made pursuant to close in the fourth quarter 2020, pending MFAC stockholders' approval, regulatory approval andCompany’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 previously filed by the satisfaction or waiver of additional conditions to closing. As of September 30, 2020, BMT had an outstanding borrowingCompany with the Bank totalling $40 million. All or a portion of this borrowing is expected to remain outstanding after the merger transaction. As of September 30, 2020, Customers has determined that the planned divestiture of BMT through this merger transaction did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation. BMT, as a component of the BankMobile segment, did not meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale as the merger transaction is subject to MFAC shareholders' approval, regulatory approval, and other required conditions to closing as discussed above. Accordingly, Customers continues to report the operating results of BMT within the BankMobile segment. See NOTE 13 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS.

SEC.
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report and all attachments hereto, as well as other written or oral communications made from time to time by us, may contain forward-looking information within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s strategies, goals, beliefs, expectations, estimates, intentions, capital raising efforts, financial condition and results of operations, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “pro forma,” “looking forward,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” or similar expressions generally indicate a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various important factors (some of which, in whole or in part, are beyond Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s control). Numerous competitive, economic, regulatory, legal and technological events and factors, among others, could cause Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s financial performance to differ materially from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements, including: the adverse impact on the U.S. economy, including the markets in which we operate, of the coronavirus outbreak, and the impact of a slowing U.S. economy and increased unemployment on the performance of our loan and lease portfolio, the market value of our investment securities, the demand for our products and services and the availability of sources of funding; the effects of actions by the federal government, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other government agencies, that affect market interest rates and the money supply; actions that we and our customers take in response to these developments and the effects such actions have on our operations, products, services and customer relationships; and the effects of changes in accounting standards or policies, including ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—CECL and matters relating to the announced merger of BMT, including the possibility of events, changes or other circumstances occurring or existing that could result in the planned merger of BMT not being completed, the possibility that the planned merger of BMT may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, the risks associated with Customers' significant ownership of BM Technologies, Inc. common stock and BM Technologies, Inc.'s ability to service its debt following completion of the merger, the possibility that the expected benefits to Customers and our shareholders of the planned merger may not be achieved, the possibility of Customers incurring liabilities relating to the disposition of BMT, the costs of providing certain ongoing services to BM Technologies, Inc. following completion of the merger, including the time commitment of Customers' management and other personnel in providing such services, or the possible effects on Customers' results of operations if the planned merger of BMT is not completed in a timely fashion or at all.policies. Customers Bancorp, Inc. cautions that the foregoing factors are not exclusive, and neither such factors nor any such forward-looking statement takes into account the impact of any future events. All forward-looking statements and information set forth herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date hereof and speak only as of the date they are made. For a more complete discussion of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties related to our business, you are encouraged to review Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its most recent annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, including any amendments thereto, that update or provide information in addition to the information included in the Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Customers Bancorp, Inc. does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by Customers Bancorp, Inc. or by or on behalf of Customers Bank, except as may be required under applicable law.
Management’s discussion and analysis represents an overview of the financial condition and results of operations, and highlights the significant changes in the financial condition and results of operations, as presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for Customers Bancorp, Inc. (the "Bancorp" or "Customers Bancorp"), a financial holding company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Customers Bank (the "Bank"), collectively referred to as "Customers" herein. This information is intended to facilitate your understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to Customers' financial condition and results of operations as of and for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. All quarterly information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis is unaudited. You should read this section in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Customers' 20192020 Form 10-K.
Overview
Like most financial institutions, Customers derives the majority of its income from interest it receives on its interest-earning assets, such as loans, leases and investments. Customers' primary source of funds for making these loans, leases and investments are its deposits and borrowings, on which it pays interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of Customers' success is the amount of its net interest income, or the difference between the interest income on its interest-earning assets and the interest expense on its interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Another key measure is the difference between the interest income generated by interest earning assets and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, relative to the amount of average interest earning assets, which is referred to as net interest margin.
BankMobile, a division of Customers Bank, derives a majority of its revenue from interest income on consumer installment loans, interchange and card revenue and deposit fees. On August 6, 2020, BMT, a subsidiary of Customers Bank, and MFAC, a special purpose acquisition company, entered into a definitive merger agreement. BMT is the technology arm of Customers' BankMobile reporting segment. Upon closing of the transaction, the combined company will operate as BM Technologies and expects to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. All BMT serviced deposits and loans will remain at the Bank immediately after the closing of the
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transaction. UponOn January 4, 2021, Customers Bancorp completed the previously announced divestiture of BankMobile Technologies, Inc., the technology arm of its BankMobile segment, to MFAC Merger Sub Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MFAC, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 6, 2020, by and among MFAC, MFAC Merger Sub Inc., BMT, Customers Bank, the sole stockholder of BMT, and Customers Bancorp, the parent bank holding company for Customers Bank (as amended on November 2, 2020 and December 8, 2020). In connection with the closing of the transaction, BMdivestiture, MFAC changed its name to “BM Technologies, will be a financial technology company bringing banks and business partners together through its digital banking platform. Customers has included a detailed discussionInc.” Following the completion of the definitive merger agreementdivestiture of BMT, BankMobile's serviced deposits and loans and the related net interest income have been combined with Customers’ financial condition and the results of operations as a single reportable segment. BMT's historical financial results for periods prior to the divestiture are reflected in NOTE 16 - BANKMOBILE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. MERGERCustomers’ consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations. The assets and liabilities of BMT have been presented as "Assets of discontinued operations" and "Liabilities of discontinued operations" on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. BMT's operating results and associated cash flows have been presented as "Discontinued operations" within the accompanying consolidated financial statements and prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. For additional information refer to "NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS" to Customers' unaudited quarterlyconsolidated financial statements.

There is credit risk inherent in loans and leases requiring Customers to maintain an ACL to absorb credit losses on existing loans and leases that may become uncollectible. Customers maintains this allowance by charging a provision for credit losses on loan and lease losses against its operating earnings. Customers has included a detailed discussion of this process, as well as several tables describing its ACL, in NOTE"NOTE 2 -– SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION" and NOTE 7 -"NOTE 8 – LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASESLEASES" to Customers' unaudited quarterlyconsolidated financial statements.

Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The spread of COVID-19 has created a global public health crisis that has resulted in unprecedented uncertainty, volatility and disruption in financial markets and in governmental, commercial and consumer activity in the United States and globally, including the markets that Customers serves. Governmental responses during the pandemic have included orders closing businesses not deemed essential and directing individuals to restrict their movements, observe social distancing and shelter in place. These actions, together with responses to the pandemic by businesses and individuals, have resulted in rapid decreases in commercial and consumer activity, temporary closures of many businesses that have led to a loss of revenues and a rapid increase in unemployment, material decreases in oil and gas prices and in business valuations, disrupted global supply chains, market downturns and volatility, changes in consumer behavior related to pandemic fears, related emergency response legislation and an expectation that Federal Reserve policy will maintain a low interest rate environment for the foreseeable future.

Customers has taken deliberate actions to ensure that it has the necessary balance sheet strength to serve its clients and communities, including increases in liquidity and reserves supported by a strong capital position. Customers' business and consumer customers are experiencing varying degrees of financial distress, which is expected to continue in the coming months. In order to protect the health of its customers and team members, and to comply with applicable government directives, Customers has modified its business practices, including restricting team member travel, directing team members to work from home insofar as is possible and implementing its business continuity plans and protocols to the extent necessary. Customers also has made donations that have resulted in more than $1 million, either directly or indirectly, to communities in its footprint for urgent basic needs and has been re-targeting existing sponsorship and grants to non-profit organizations to support COVID-19 related activities.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. It contains substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes the SBA's PPP, a nearly $350 billion program designed to aid small- and medium-sized businesses through federally guaranteed loans distributed through banks. These loans are intended to guarantee an eight-week or 24-week period of payroll and other costs to help those businesses remain viable and allow their workers to pay their bills. On April 16, 2020, the SBA announced that all available funds had been exhausted and applications were no longer being accepted. On April 22, 2020, an additional $310 billion of funds for the PPP was signed into law. On August 8, 2020, the SBA announced that the PPP was closed and no longer accepting PPP applications from participating lenders. On December 27, 2020, the CAA was signed into law, including Division N, Title III, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act, which provides $284 billion in additional funding for the SBA's PPP for small businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The CAA provides small businesses who received an initial PPP loan and experienced a 25% reduction in gross receipts to request a second PPP loan of up to $2.0 million. On January 11, 2021, the SBA reopened the PPP program to small business and non-profit organizations that did not receive a loan through the initial PPP phase. On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was enacted expanding eligibility for first and second round of PPP loans and revising the exclusions from payroll costs for purposes of loan forgiveness. The PPP ended on May 31, 2021. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers has helped thousands of small businesses by originating about $5.0approximately $9.5 billion in PPP loans directly or through fintech partnerships.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Customers has also implemented a short-term loan modification program to provide temporary payment relief to certain of its borrowers who meet the program's qualifications. This program allows for a deferral of payments for a maximum of 90 days at a time. The deferred payments along with interest accrued during the deferral period are due and payable on the maturity date of the existing loan. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, total commercial deferments declined to $79$89.8 million, or 0.7%0.8% of total loans and leases, excluding PPP loans, from a peak of $1.2 billion and total consumer deferments declined to $25$8.4 million, or 0.2%0.1% of total loans and leases, excluding PPP loans, from a peak of $108 million. As of September 30, 2020, Customers had $198.5 million ofno pending commercial loan deferment requests.requests as of June 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, total commercial deferments were $202.1 million, or 1.8% of total loans and leases, excluding PPP loans. Excluding loans receivable, PPP from total loans and leases receivable is a non-GAAP measure. Management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers' financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities. Please refer to the following reconciliation schedule.

(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Loans held for sale (GAAP)$34,540 $79,086 
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value (GAAP)2,855,284 3,616,432 
Loans and leases receivable (GAAP)14,077,198 12,136,733 
Total loans and leases receivable (GAAP)16,967,022 15,832,251 
Less: Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 4,561,365 
Total loans and leases, excluding PPP (Non-GAAP)$10,661,966 $11,270,886 
Commercial deferments (GAAP)$89,800 $202,100 
Consumer deferments (GAAP)8,400 16,400 
Total deferments (GAAP)$98,200 $218,500 
Commercial deferments to total loans and leases, excluding PPP (Non-GAAP)0.8 %1.8 %
Consumer deferments to total loans and leases, excluding PPP (Non-GAAP)0.1 %0.1 %
Total deferments to total loans and leases, excluding PPP (Non-GAAP)0.9 %1.9 %
The FRB has taken a range of actions to support the flow of credit to households and businesses. For example, on March 15, 2020, the FRB reduced the target range for the federal funds rate to 0.00% to 0.25% and announced that it would increase its holdings of U.S. Treasury securities and agency mortgage-backed securities and begin purchasing agency commercial mortgage-backed securities. Additionally, on September 16, 2020, the FRB pledged to keep interest rates near zero until 2023 to support the economy through the COVID-19 recession. The FRB has also encouraged depository institutions to borrow from the discount window and has lowered the primary credit rate for such borrowing by 150 basis points while extending the term of such loans up to 90 days. Reserve requirements have been reduced to zero as of March 26, 2020. The FRB has also established, or has taken steps to establish, a range of facilities and programs to support the U.S. economy and U.S. marketplace participants in response to economic disruptions associated with
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COVID-19, including among others, Main Street Lending facilities to purchase loan participations, under specified conditions, from banks lending to small and medium U.S. businesses and the PPPLF, which was created to bolster the effectiveness of the PPP by taking loans as collateral at face value. While Customers has not participatedbeen participating in all of these facilities orand programs, to date,and it may participate in some or all of these facilities or programs, including as a lender, agent, or intermediary on behalf of clients or customers at various times in the future. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Customers borrowed $4.8had $3.9 billion and $4.4 billion in borrowings from the PPPLF, to fund $5.0 billion of PPP loans outstanding as of September 30, 2020.

respectively.
Significant uncertainties as to future economic conditions exist, and Customers has taken deliberate actions in response, including higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity and maintaining strong capital ratios. Additionally, the economic pressures, coupled with the implementation of an expected lifetime loss methodology for determining our provision for credit losses as required by CECL have contributed to an increased provision for credit losses on loans and leases and off-balance sheet credit exposures in 2020. Customers continues to monitor the impact of COVID-19 closely, as well as any effects that may result from the CARES Act;Act, the CAA and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021; however, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact Customers' operations and financial results during the remainder of 20202021 is highly uncertain.
New Accounting Pronouncements
For information about the impact that recently adopted including CECL, or issued accounting guidance will have on us, please refer to NOTE"NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION" to Customers' interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Critical Accounting Policies
Customers has adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of U.S. GAAP and that are consistent with general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Customers' significant accounting policies are described in “NOTE"NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION”PRESENTATION" in Customers' audited consolidated financial statements included in its 20192020 Form 10-K and updated in this Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 in “NOTE"NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION."PRESENTATION" in Customers' unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Certain accounting policies may involve significant judgments and assumptions by Customers that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets. Customers considers these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgment and assumptions used are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions management makes, actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates, which could have a material impact on the carrying values of Customers' assets.
The critical accounting policy that is both important to the portrayal of Customers' financial condition and results of operations and requires complex, subjective judgments is the ACL. This critical accounting policy and material estimate, along with the related disclosures, are reviewed by Customers' Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Customers' ACL at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 represents Customers' current estimate of the lifetime credit losses expected from its loan and lease portfolio and its unfunded lending-related commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. Management estimates the ACL by projecting a lifetime loss rate conditional on a forecast of economic parameters and other qualitative adjustments, for the loans and leases' expected remaining term.

Customers uses external sources in the creation of its forecasts, including current economic conditions and forecasts for macroeconomic variables over its reasonable and supportable forecast period (e.g., GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, BBB spread, commercial real estate and home price index). After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, which ranges from two to five years, the models revert the forecasted macroeconomic variables to their historical long-term trends, without specific predictions for the economy, over the expected life of the pool, while also incorporating prepayment assumptions into its lifetime loss rates. Internal factors that impact the quarterly allowance estimate include the level of outstanding balances, portfolio performance and assigned risk ratings. Significant loan/borrower attributes utilized in the models include property type, initial loan to value, assigned risk ratings, delinquency status, origination date, maturity date, initial FICO scores, and borrower state.

The ACL may be affected materially by a variety of qualitative factors that Customers considers to reflect its current judgement of various events and risks that are not measured in our statistical procedures, including uncertainty related to the economic forecasts used in the modeled credit loss estimates, nature and volume of loan and lease portfolio, credit underwriting policy exceptions, peer comparison, industry data, and model and data limitations. The qualitative allowance for economic forecast risk is further informed by
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multiple alternative scenarios to arrive at a composite scenario supporting the period-end ACL balance. The evaluation process is inherently imprecise and subjective as it requires significant management judgment based on underlying factors that are susceptible to changes, sometimes materially and rapidly. Customers recognizes that this approach may not be suitable in certain economic environments such that additional analysis may be performed at management's discretion. Due in part to its subjectivity, the qualitative evaluation may be materially impacted during periods of economic uncertainty and late breaking events that could lead to revision of reserves to reflect management's best estimate of expected credit losses.

The ACL is established in accordance with our ACL policy. The ACL Committee, which includes the Bank's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Chief RiskLending Officer, and Chief Credit Officer, among others, reviews the adequacy of the ACL each quarter, together with Customers' risk management team. The ACL policy, significant judgements and the related disclosures are reviewed by Customers' Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

The significant increasenet decrease in our estimated ACL as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 as compared to our January 1,December 31, 2020 estimate was primarily attributable to the significant economic impact of COVID-19, along withcontinuing improvement in macroeconomic forecasts affecting the commercial loan growthportfolio. The increase in Customers' commercialACL in our installment loan portfolio is mainly due to loan growth. There was a $3.3 million and consumer loan portfolios. The total reserve build$0.4 million provision for the ACL for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $19.2 million, with a reduction of reserve for the ACL of $4.9 millioncredit losses on loans and leases for the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, for2021, respectively, resulting in an ACL ending balance of $158.9$126.5 million ($155.6125.4 million for loans and leases and $3.3$1.1 million for unfunded lending-related commitments) as of SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
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To determine the ACL as of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers utilized the Moody's September 2020June 2021 Baseline forecast to generate its modelled expected losses by loan portfolio in order to reflect management's reasonable expectations of current and future economic conditions. The Baseline forecast at June 2021 assumed continued improvement in forecasts of macroeconomic conditions compared to the secondfirst quarter forecastforecasts of macroeconomic conditions used by Customers; the Federal Reserve maintaining a target range for the fed funds rate at 0.00% to 0.25% into 2023; the FRB's emergency lending facilities remaining operational through the end of 2020, with the tapering of quantitative easing not beginning until 2021; and2022; an additional $1.5improving U.S. economy from $1.9 trillion of stimulus from the federal government whichenacted in March 2021 and a federal spending legislation on infrastructure and social benefits in the second half of 2021; and the acceleration in consumer prices is now anticipated beforeexpected to be transitory along with the end of 2020.U.S. labor supply constraints. Customers continues to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related policy measures on the economy and, if the depth of the recession or pace of the expected recovery is worse than expected, further meaningful provisions for credit losses could be required.

One of the most significant judgments influencing the ACL is the macroeconomic forecasts from Moody's. Changes in the economic forecasts could significantly affect the estimated credit losses which could potentially lead to materially different allowance levels from one reporting period to the next. Given the dynamic relationship between macroeconomic variables within Customers' modelling framework, it is difficult to estimate the impact of a change in any one individual variable on the ACL. However, to illustrate a hypothetical sensitivity analysis, management calculated a quantitative allowance using a 100% weighting applied to an adverse scenario. This scenario includes assumptions around new infections, hospitalizations and COVID-19 deaths diminish more slowly than the Baseline projections, leading to a much slower re-opening of the economy. Under this scenario, as an example, the unemployment rate is estimated at 6.9% and 9.0% at the end of 2021 and 2022, respectively. These numbers represent a 1.5% and 5.2% higher unemployment estimate than Baseline scenario projections of 5.4% and 3.7%, respectively for the same time periods. To demonstrate the sensitivity to key economic parameters, management calculated the difference between a 100% Baseline weighting and a 100% adverse scenario weighting for modeled results. This would result in an incremental quantitative impact to the ACL of approximately $49.7 million. This resulting difference is not intended to represent an expected increase in ACL levels since (i) Customers may use a weighted approach applied to multiple economic scenarios for its ACL process, (ii) the highly uncertain economic environment, (iii) the difficulty in predicting inter-relationships between macroeconomic variables used in various economic scenarios, and (iv) the sensitivity analysis does not account for any qualitative adjustments incorporated by Customers as part of its overall ACL framework.
There is no certainty that Customers' ACL will be appropriate over time to cover losses in our portfolio as economic and market conditions may ultimately differ from our reasonable and supportable forecast. Additionally, events adversely affecting specific customers, industries, or Customers' markets, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, could severely impact our current expectations. If the credit quality of Customers' customer base materially deteriorates or the risk profile of a market, industry, or group of customers changes materially, Customers' net income and capital could be materially adversely affected which, in turn could have a material adverse effect on Customers' financial condition and results of operations. The extent to which the current COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to negatively impact Customers' businesses, financial condition, liquidity and results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be forecasted with precision at this time.

For more information, see NOTE 7 -"NOTE 8 – LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASESLEASES" to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the condensed statements of income for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019:

2020:
Three Months Ended September 30,QTDNine Months Ended September 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20202019Change% Change20202019Change% Change
Net interest income$107,439 $75,735 $31,704 41.9 %$280,742 $199,718 $81,024 40.6 %
Provision for credit losses12,955 4,426 8,529 192.7 %65,688 14,539 51,149 351.8 %
Total non-interest income33,793 23,369 10,424 44.6 %77,959 55,125 22,834 41.4 %
Total non-interest expense65,561 59,592 5,969 10.0 %195,525 173,160 22,365 12.9 %
Income before income tax expense62,716 35,086 27,630 78.7 %97,488 67,144 30,344 45.2 %
Income tax expense12,201 8,020 4,181 52.1 %21,156 15,343 5,813 37.9 %
Net income50,515 27,066 23,449 86.6 %76,332 51,801 24,531 47.4 %
Preferred stock dividends3,430 3,615 (185)(5.1)%10,626 10,844 (218)(2.0)%
Net income available to common shareholders$47,085 $23,451 $23,634 100.8 %$65,706 $40,957 $24,749 60.4 %

Three Months Ended June 30,QTDSix Months Ended June 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20212020Change% Change20212020Change% Change
Net interest income$138,757 $91,982 $46,775 50.9 %$271,488 $173,302 $98,186 56.7 %
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases3,291 20,946 (17,655)(84.3)%372 52,732 (52,360)(99.3)%
Total non-interest income16,822 11,711 5,111 43.6 %35,290 22,871 12,419 54.3 %
Total non-interest expense70,823 49,791 21,032 42.2 %132,750 98,758 33,992 34.4 %
Income before income tax expense81,465 32,956 48,509 147.2 %173,656 44,683 128,973 288.6 %
Income tax expense20,124 7,980 12,144 152.2 %37,684 11,254 26,430 234.8 %
Net income from continuing operations61,341 24,976 36,365 145.6 %135,972 33,429 102,543 306.7 %
Loss from discontinued operations before income tax expense— (3,190)3,190 (100.0)%(20,354)(9,911)(10,443)105.4 %
Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations— (932)932 (100.0)%17,682 (2,299)19,981 (869.1)%
Net loss from discontinued operations— (2,258)2,258 (100.0)%(38,036)(7,612)(30,424)399.7 %
Net income61,341 22,718 38,623 170.0 %97,936 25,817 72,119 279.3 %
Preferred stock dividends3,299 3,581 (282)(7.9)%6,690 7,196 (506)(7.0)%
Net income available to common shareholders$58,042 $19,137 $38,905 203.3 %$91,246 $18,621 $72,625 390.0 %
Customers reported net income available to common shareholders of $47.1$58.0 million and $65.7$91.2 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively, compared to net income available to common shareholders of $23.5$19.1 million and $41.0$18.6 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020, respectively. Factors contributing to the change in net income available to common shareholders for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 were as follows:follows.
Net interest income
Net interest income increased $31.7$46.8 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 as average interest-earning assets increased by $6.5$4.7 billion, partially offsetand NIM increased by a 33 basis point decline in NIM to 2.50%2.98% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 from 2.83%2.65% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. The declineincrease in NIM resultedinterest-earning assets was driven by increases in the origination of the latest round of PPP loans, commercial loans to mortgage companies, commercial and industrial loans and leases, investment securities and installment loans, offset in part by a decrease in multi-family loans. There was also PPP loan forgiveness from the Federal Reserve interest rate cutsfirst two rounds which accelerated the recognition of 225 basis points beginning in August 2019 andnet deferred loan origination fees that contributed to the NIM increase. The shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities in a lower interest rate environment drove a 147an 11 basis point decline in the yield on interest-earning assets and a 14450 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. The largest shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities was $5.0$6.3 billion ($4.96.1 billion average balance) of PPP loans yielding 1.97%2.69% and related PPPLF borrowings of $4.8$3.9 billion ($4.53.9 billion average balance) costing 0.35%. Customers' total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 0.78%0.54% and 2.00%0.99% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.
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Net interest income increased $81.0$98.2 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 as average interest-earning assets increased by $4.1$5.8 billion, partially offsetand NIM increased by a one19 basis point decline in NIM to 2.68%2.99% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 from 2.69%2.80% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. The declineincrease in NIM resulted frominterest-earning assets was driven by increases in the Federal Reserve interest rate cutsorigination of 225 basis points beginningPPP loans, commercial loans to mortgage companies, investment securities, commercial and industrial loans and leases and installment loans, offset in August 2019 and thepart by decreases in multi-family loans. The shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities in a lower interest rate environment drove a 8648 basis point decline in the yield on interest-earning assets and a 10980 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. The largest shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities was the origination of $5.0$6.3 billion ($2.65.4 billion average balance) inof PPP loans yielding 1.88%3.00% and related PPPLF borrowings of $4.8$3.9 billion ($1.83.9 billion average balance) costing 0.35%. There was also PPP loan forgiveness from the first two rounds which accelerated the recognition of net deferred loan origination fees that contributed to the NIM increase. Customers' total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 1.08%0.61% and 2.00%1.30% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.

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Provision for credit losses

 on loans and leases
The $8.5$17.7 million increasedecrease in the provision for credit losses for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020, reflects Customers' adoptionthe continuing improvement in macroeconomic forecasts since the beginning of CECL and the impact of COVID-19.COVID-19 pandemic in first quarter 2020. Upon adoption of the CECL standard on January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit lossesACL for loans and leases and off-balance sheet credit exposures increased by $79.8 million and $3.4 million, respectively. The allowance for credit lossesACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is presented within accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and the related provision is presented as part of other non-interest expense on the consolidated income statement. The allowance for credit lossesACL on loans and leases held for investment represented 2.02%1.18% of total loans and leases receivable, excluding PPP loans (non-GAAP measure, please refer to the non-GAAP reconciliation within Loans and Leases - Asset Quality), at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, compared to 0.70%2.20% at SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. Net charge-offs for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 were $17.3$6.6 million, or 4516 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, compared to net charge-offs of $1.8$10.3 million, or seven32 basis points on an annualized basis, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. The increasedecrease in net charge-offs for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020, was primarily due to a partial charge-off of $9.6$2.8 million for one commercial real estate collateral dependent loan during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 and an increase in charge-offs of installment loans, coinciding with the growth of the portfolio year-over-year.

2020.
The $51.1$52.4 million increasedecrease in the provision for credit losses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020, reflects Customers' adoptionthe continuing improvement in macroeconomic forecasts since the beginning of CECL and the impact of COVID-19.COVID-19 pandemic in first quarter 2020. Net charge-offs for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 were $46.3$19.1 million, or 4924 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, compared to net charge-offs of $3.5$29.0 million, or five52 basis points on an annualized basis, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. The increasedecrease in net charge-offs for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020, was primarily due to partial charge-offsa charge-off of $25.2$12.8 million for twoone commercial real estate collateral dependent loansloan during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 and an increase in charge-offs of installment loans, coinciding with the growth of the portfolio year-over-year.

2020.
Non-interest income
The $10.4$5.1 million increase in non-interest income for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from increases of $10.7$3.7 million in unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, $1.9 million in gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, $1.4SBA and other loans, $1.2 million in other non-interest income, $1.0 million in bank-owned life insurance, $0.8 million in commercial lease income, $1.2$0.7 million in mortgage warehouse transactional fees and $0.7 million in mortgage banking income. These increases were offset in part by decreases of $2.8 million in interchange and card revenue and $1.1$0.5 million in unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.
The $22.8 million increase in non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from increases of $19.0 million in gain on sale of investment securities, $5.1 million in commercial lease income, $2.7 million in mortgage warehouse transactional fees, and $1.0 million in deposit fees, along with a $7.5 million reduction in loss upon acquisition of interest-only GNMA securities. These increases were offset in part by decreasesa $2.8 million loss from the sale of $7.2foreign subsidiaries and a decrease of $2.5 million in gain (loss) on sale of investment securities.
The $12.4 million increase in non-interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily resulted from increases of $17.1 million in gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, $7.4 million in unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, $3.4 million in gain (loss) on sale of SBA and other loans, $3.0 million in mortgage warehouse transactional fees, $2.9 million in unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities, $2.4 million in other non-interest income, and $5.1$1.7 million in interchangecommercial lease income and card revenue$0.9 million in bank-owned life insurance. These increases were offset in part by $24.5 million of loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations and $2.8 million of loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
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2021.
Non-interest expense
The $6.0$21.0 million increase in non-interest expense for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from increases of $5.5 million in salaries and employee benefits, $4.6 million in FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees, $4.5$8.5 million in technology, communication and bank operations, $1.2$5.3 million in professional services, $4.8 million in salaries and employee benefits, $3.3 million in other non-interest expense and $0.8 million in commercial lease depreciation, $1.0 million in merger and acquisition related expenses, and $0.4 million in loan workout.depreciation. These increases were offset in part by decreasesa decrease of $6.1$1.7 million in other non-interest expense, $2.8 million in provision for operating losses, $1.1 million in professional services, and $1.0 million in advertising and promotionloan workout expenses for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020.
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The $22.4$34.0 million increase in non-interest expense for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from increases of $12.3 million in salaries and employee benefits, $6.5$18.0 million in technology, communication and bank operations, $5.7$8.3 million in FDIC assessments, non-income taxessalaries and regulatory fees, $4.1employee benefits, $8.0 million in professional services and $1.6 million in commercial lease depreciation, $1.6 million in loan workout, and $1.1 million in merger and acquisition related expenses.depreciation. These increases were offset in part by decreasesa decrease of $5.1$2.3 million in provision for operating losses and $3.7 million in other non-interest expenseloan workout expenses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020.
Income tax expense
Customers' effective tax rate from continuing operations was 19.45%24.7% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to 22.86%24.2% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. The increase in the effective tax rate primarily resulted from an increase in compensation expense associated with an executive's retirement that exceeded the limit for tax deduction purposes.
Customers' effective tax rate from continuing operations was 21.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 25.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease in the effective tax rate primarily resulted from an increase in the estimated annual benefit of investment tax credits in 2021 and the recording of net discrete tax benefits associated with the divestiture of BMT and the recognition of a deferred tax asset related to the outside basis difference of foreign subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2021, offset in part by an increase in compensation expense associated with an executive's retirement that exceeded the limit for tax deduction purposes.
Net loss from discontinued operations
On January 4, 2021, Customers Bancorp completed the previously announced divestiture of BMT, the technology arm of its BankMobile segment, to MFAC Merger Sub Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MFAC, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 6, 2020, by and among Megalith, MFAC Merger Sub Inc., BMT, Customers Bank, the sole stockholder of BMT, and Customers Bancorp, the parent bank holding company for Customers Bank (as amended on November 2, 2020 and December 8, 2020). In connection with the closing of the divestiture, MFAC changed its name to “BM Technologies, Inc.” Following the completion of the divestiture of BMT, BankMobile's serviced deposits and loans and the related net interest income have been combined with Customers' financial condition and the results of operations as a single reportable segment.
BMT's historical financial results for periods prior to the divestiture are reflected in Customers Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations. The assets and liabilities of BMT have been presented as "Assets of discontinued operations" and "Liabilities of discontinued operations" on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. BMT's operating results and associated cash flows have been presented as "Discontinued operations" within the accompanying consolidated financial statements and prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.
Customers had no loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021 compared to $2.3 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. The $2.3 million decrease was a result of the divestiture of BMT during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Customers' effective tax rateloss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes was 21.70%$38.0 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to 22.85%$7.6 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020. The decrease in the effective tax rate$30.4 million increase primarily resulted from an increaserestricted stock awards of BM Technologies' common stock granted to certain team members of BMT and the effect of the divestiture being treated as a taxable asset sale for tax purposes, offset in part by a tax benefit related to the estimated annual benefit of investment tax credits forrestricted stock awards during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020, comparedMarch 31, 2021. See "NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS" to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Preferred stock dividends
Preferred stock dividends were $3.4$3.3 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Preferred stock dividends were $6.7 million and 2019,$7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no changes to the amount of preferred stock outstanding during the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019. 2020.
On June 15, 2020, the Series C preferred stockPreferred Stock became floating at three-month LIBOR plus 5.300%, or 5.60%compared to a fixed rate of 7.00%. On March 15, 2021, the Series D Preferred Stock became floating at three-month LIBOR plus 5.09%, compared to a fixed rate of 7.00%6.50%.
Preferred stock dividends were $10.6 million and $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no changes to the amount of preferred stock outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. On June 15, 2020,2021, the Series C preferred stockE Preferred Stock became floating at three-month LIBOR plus 5.300%, or 5.60%5.14%, compared to a fixed rate of 7.00%6.45%.
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NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income (the difference between the interest earned on loans and leases, investments and interest-earning deposits with banks, and interest paid on deposits, borrowed funds and subordinated debt) is the primary source of Customers' earnings. The following tables summarizetable summarizes Customers' net interest income, related interest spread, net interest margin and the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for the major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020. Information is provided for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities with respect to (i) changes attributable to volume (i.e., changes in average balances multiplied by the prior-period average rate) and (ii) changes attributable to rate (i.e., changes in average rate multiplied by prior-period average balances). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

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Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
202020192020 vs. 2019202120202021 vs. 2020
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)Average balanceInterest income or expenseAverage yield or costAverage balanceInterest income or expenseAverage yield or costDue to rateDue to volumeTotal(dollars in thousands)Average
Balance		Interest
Income or
Expense		Average
Yield or
Cost (%)		Average
Balance		Interest
Income or
Expense		Average
Yield or
Cost (%)		Due to rateDue to volumeTotal
AssetsAssetsAssets
Interest-earning depositsInterest-earning deposits$686,928 $199 0.12 %$100,343 $826 3.26 %$(1,449)$822 $(627)Interest-earning deposits$646,342 $188 0.12 %$384,622 $113 0.12 %$— $75 $75 
Investment securities (1)
Investment securities (1)
950,723 6,297 2.65 %652,142 5,867 3.60 %(1,818)2,248 430 
Investment securities (1)
1,512,644 8,327 2.20 %705,389 6,155 3.49 %(2,900)5,072 2,172 
Loans and leases:Loans and leases:Loans and leases:
Commercial loans to mortgage companiesCommercial loans to mortgage companies2,847,169 20,750 2.90 %2,103,612 24,260 4.58 %(10,506)6,996 (3,510)Commercial loans to mortgage companies2,737,629 21,069 3.09 %2,456,067 17,740 2.91 %1,166 2,163 3,329 
Multi-family loansMulti-family loans1,989,074 18,615 3.72 %2,929,650 28,871 3.91 %(1,348)(8,908)(10,256)Multi-family loans1,551,370 15,013 3.88 %2,009,847 19,345 3.87 %50 (4,382)(4,332)
Commercial and industrial loans and leases (2)
Commercial and industrial loans and leases (2)
2,599,806 24,958 3.82 %2,159,067 28,522 5.24 %(8,655)5,091 (3,564)
Commercial and industrial loans and leases (2)
2,878,045 25,786 3.59 %2,460,060 24,775 4.05 %(2,977)3,988 1,011 
PPP loansPPP loans4,909,197 24,337 1.97 %— — — %— 24,337 24,337 PPP loans6,133,184 41,137 2.69 %2,754,920 11,706 1.71 %9,374 20,057 29,431 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loansNon-owner occupied commercial real estate loans1,388,306 12,901 3.70 %1,294,246 14,902 4.57 %(3,023)1,022 (2,001)Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans1,368,695 13,187 3.86 %1,392,131 13,179 3.81 %199 (191)8 
Residential mortgagesResidential mortgages414,781 4,139 3.97 %729,603 7,565 4.11 %(251)(3,175)(3,426)Residential mortgages346,284 3,127 3.62 %429,609 3,771 3.53 %95 (739)(644)
Installment loansInstallment loans1,255,505 26,407 8.37 %600,256 14,324 9.47 %(1,838)13,921 12,083 Installment loans1,467,595 34,289 9.37 %1,288,999 27,931 8.72 %2,224 4,134 6,358 
Total loans and leases (3)
Total loans and leases (3)
15,403,838 132,107 3.41 %9,816,434 118,444 4.79 %(40,625)54,288 13,663 
Total loans and leases (3)
16,482,802 153,608 3.74 %12,791,633 118,447 3.72 %10,131 25,030 35,161 
Other interest-earning assetsOther interest-earning assets79,656 1,047 5.23 %98,279 1,581 6.39 %(262)(272)(534)Other interest-earning assets57,208 758 5.32 %98,377 503 2.06 %536 (281)255 
Total interest-earning assetsTotal interest-earning assets17,121,145 139,650 3.25 %10,667,198 126,718 4.72 %(47,648)60,580 12,932 Total interest-earning assets18,698,996 162,881 3.49 %13,980,021 125,218 3.60 %7,767 29,896 37,663 
Non-interest-earning assetsNon-interest-earning assets744,429 591,946 Non-interest-earning assets607,952 616,683 
Assets of discontinued operationsAssets of discontinued operations— 78,880 
Total assetsTotal assets$17,865,574 $11,259,144 Total assets$19,306,948 $14,675,584 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Interest checking accountsInterest checking accounts$2,370,709 4,640 0.78 %$1,014,590 4,687 1.83 %(3,761)3,714 (47)Interest checking accounts$3,503,242 6,653 0.76 %$2,482,222 4,605 0.75 %64 1,984 2,048 
Money market deposit accountsMoney market deposit accounts3,786,032 6,156 0.65 %3,100,975 17,344 2.22 %(14,351)3,163 (11,188)Money market deposit accounts4,859,614 5,650 0.47 %3,034,457 6,449 0.85 %(3,639)2,840 (799)
Other savings accountsOther savings accounts1,125,273 2,997 1.06 %561,790 3,108 2.19 %(2,145)2,034 (111)Other savings accounts1,456,777 2,076 0.57 %1,177,554 5,677 1.94 %(4,718)1,117 (3,601)
Certificates of depositCertificates of deposit1,344,134 4,554 1.35 %2,227,817 13,128 2.34 %(4,425)(4,149)(8,574)Certificates of deposit658,698 1,274 0.78 %1,734,062 6,507 1.51 %(2,293)(2,940)(5,233)
Total interest-bearing deposits (4)
Total interest-bearing deposits (4)
8,626,148 18,347 0.85 %6,905,172 38,267 2.20 %(27,703)7,783 (19,920)
Total interest-bearing deposits (4)
10,478,331 15,653 0.60 %8,428,295 23,238 1.11 %(10,586)3,001 (7,585)
FRB PPP liquidity facilityFRB PPP liquidity facility4,479,036 3,951 0.35 %— — — %— 3,951 3,951 FRB PPP liquidity facility3,858,733 3,367 0.35 %942,258 822 0.35 %— 2,545 2,545 
BorrowingsBorrowings1,236,127 9,913 3.19 %1,770,459 12,716 2.86 %1,358 (4,161)(2,803)Borrowings531,757 5,104 3.85 %2,282,761 9,176 1.62 %6,468 (10,540)(4,072)
Total interest-bearing liabilitiesTotal interest-bearing liabilities14,341,311 32,211 0.89 %8,675,631 50,983 2.33 %(41,395)22,623 (18,772)Total interest-bearing liabilities14,868,821 24,124 0.65 %11,653,314 33,236 1.15 %(4,118)(4,994)(9,112)
Non-interest-bearing deposits (4)
Non-interest-bearing deposits (4)
2,194,689 1,431,810 
Non-interest-bearing deposits (4)
2,889,781 1,890,955 
Total deposits and borrowingsTotal deposits and borrowings16,536,000 0.78 %10,107,441 2.00 %Total deposits and borrowings17,758,602 0.54 %13,544,269 0.99 %
Other non-interest-bearing liabilitiesOther non-interest-bearing liabilities299,526 146,347 Other non-interest-bearing liabilities328,251 88,913 
Liabilities of discontinued operationsLiabilities of discontinued operations— 53,268 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities16,835,526 10,253,788 Total liabilities18,086,853 13,686,450 
Shareholders' equityShareholders' equity1,030,048 1,005,356 Shareholders' equity1,220,095 989,134 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equityTotal liabilities and shareholders' equity$17,865,574 $11,259,144 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$19,306,948 $14,675,584 
Net interest incomeNet interest income107,439 75,735 $(6,253)$37,957 $31,704 Net interest income138,757 91,982 $11,885 $34,890 $46,775 
Tax-equivalent adjustment (5)
Tax-equivalent adjustment (5)
225 184 
Tax-equivalent adjustment (5)
289 225 
Net interest earningsNet interest earnings$107,664 $75,919 Net interest earnings$139,046 $92,207 
Interest spreadInterest spread2.47 %2.71 %Interest spread2.95 %2.61 %
Net interest marginNet interest margin2.50 %2.82 %Net interest margin2.98 %2.65 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent (5)
Net interest margin tax equivalent (5)
2.50 %2.83 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent (5)
2.98 %2.65 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (6)
Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (6)
2.86 %2.83 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (6)
3.30 %2.97 %
(1)For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average yields for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.
(2)Includes owner occupied commercial real estate loans.
(3)Includes non-accrual loans, the effect of which is to reduce the yield earned on loans and leases, and deferred loan fees.
(4)Total costs of deposits (including interest bearing and non-interest-bearing) were 0.67%0.47% and 1.82%0.91% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
(5)Non-GAAP tax-equivalent basis, using an estimated marginal tax rate of 26% for both the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, presented to approximate interest income as a taxable asset. Management uses non-GAAP measures to present historical periods comparable to the current period presentation. In addition, management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers’ financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities.
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(6)Non-GAAP tax-equivalent basis, as described in note (5) for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, excluding net interest income from PPP loans and related borrowings, along with the related PPP loan balances and PPP fees receivable from interest-earning assets. Management uses non-GAAP measures to present historical periods comparable to the current period presentation. In addition, management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers’ financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities.
Net interest income increased $31.7$46.8 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 as average interest-earning assets increased by $6.5$4.7 billion, primarily related to PPP loan originations and increases in investment securities, installment loans, commercial and industrial loans and commercial loans to mortgage companies, commercial and industrial loans, investment securities, and interest-earning deposits, partially offset by a decrease in multi-family loans as the loan mix improved year-over-year. The commercial loans to mortgage companies trend has been a function of greater refinance activity due to sharply lower interest rates, an increase in home purchase volumes, and market share gains from other banks.
The NIM increased by 33 basis point decline in NIM to 2.50%2.98% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 from 2.83%2.65% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 resulting from the Federal Reserve interest rate cuts of 225 basis points beginning in August 2019, and the shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities drove a 14711 basis point decline in the yield on interest-earning assets and a 14450 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. The largest shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities was $5.0$6.3 billion ($4.96.1 billion average balance) of PPP loans yielding 1.97%2.69% and related PPPLF borrowings of $4.8$3.9 billion ($4.53.9 billion average balance) costing 0.35%. There was also PPP loan forgiveness from the first two rounds which accelerated the recognition of net deferred loan origination fees that contributed to the NIM increase. Customers' total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 0.78%0.54% and 2.00%0.99% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
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Nine Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
202020192020 vs. 2019
(dollars in thousands)Average
Balance		Interest
Income or
Expense		Average
Yield or
Cost (%)		Average
Balance		Interest
Income or
Expense		Average
Yield or
Cost		Due to rateDue to volumeTotal
Assets    
Interest-earning deposits$614,863 $3,173 0.69 %$88,146 $1,945 2.95 %$(2,504)$3,732 $1,228 
Investment securities (1)
741,566 17,429 3.13 %676,859 18,589 3.66 %(2,835)1,675 (1,160)
Loans and leases:
Commercial loans to mortgage companies2,383,331 56,004 3.14 %1,678,461 59,691 4.75 %(24,036)20,349 (3,687)
Multi-family loans2,070,564 60,327 3.89 %3,092,473 88,877 3.84 %1,145 (29,695)(28,550)
Commercial and industrial loans and leases (2)
2,507,231 78,471 4.18 %2,041,379 79,265 5.19 %(17,027)16,233 (794)
PPP loans2,563,299 36,043 1.88 %— — — %— 36,043 36,043 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans1,372,090 40,517 3.94 %1,215,469 41,127 4.52 %(5,593)4,983 (610)
Residential mortgages430,058 12,310 3.82 %716,294 22,423 4.19 %(1,830)(8,283)(10,113)
Installment loans1,267,806 82,962 8.74 %337,126 23,743 9.42 %(1,836)61,055 59,219 
Total loans and leases (3)
12,594,379 366,634 3.89 %9,081,202 315,126 4.64 %(56,747)108,255 51,508 
Other interest-earning assets86,454 2,976 4.60 %91,135 4,085 5.99 %(908)(201)(1,109)
Total interest-earning assets14,037,262 390,212 3.71 %9,937,342 339,745 4.57 %(72,068)122,535 50,467 
Non-interest-earning assets679,128 531,656 
Total assets$14,716,390 $10,468,998 
Liabilities
Interest checking accounts$2,050,184 13,861 0.90 %$889,336 12,580 1.89 %(9,040)10,321 1,281 
Money market deposit accounts3,486,445 28,818 1.10 %3,138,112 52,523 2.24 %(29,051)5,346 (23,705)
Other savings accounts1,147,994 14,480 1.68 %476,331 7,616 2.14 %(1,938)8,802 6,864 
Certificates of deposit1,533,628 18,780 1.64 %1,920,063 32,753 2.28 %(8,138)(5,835)(13,973)
Total interest-bearing deposits (4)
8,218,251 75,939 1.23 %6,423,842 105,472 2.20 %(54,263)24,730 (29,533)
FRB PPP liquidity facility1,816,849 4,774 0.35 %— — — %— 4,774 4,774 
Borrowings1,581,498 28,757 2.43 %1,556,405 34,555 2.97 %(7,448)1,650 (5,798)
Total interest-bearing liabilities11,616,598 109,470 1.26 %7,980,247 140,027 2.35 %(79,956)49,399 (30,557)
Non-interest-bearing deposits (4)
1,887,463 1,379,633 
Total deposits and borrowings13,504,061 1.08 %9,359,880 2.00 %
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities197,428 122,309 
Total liabilities13,701,489 9,482,189 
Shareholders' equity1,014,901 986,809 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$14,716,390 $10,468,998 
Net interest income280,742 199,718 $7,888 $73,136 $81,024 
Tax-equivalent adjustment (5)
655 548 
Net interest earnings$281,397 $200,266 
Interest spread2.63 %2.57 %
Net interest margin2.67 %2.69 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent (5)
2.68 %2.69 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (6)
2.93 %2.69 %

Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
202120202021 vs. 2020
(dollars in thousands)Average
Balance		Interest
Income or
Expense		Average
Yield or
Cost (%)		Average
Balance		Interest
Income or
Expense		Average
Yield or
Cost (%)		Due to rateDue to volumeTotal
Assets    
Interest-earning deposits$910,362 $490 0.11 %$578,435 $2,974 1.03 %$(3,577)$1,093 $(2,484)
Investment securities (1)
1,435,529 16,306 2.27 %635,838 11,132 3.50 %(4,932)10,106 5,174 
Loans and leases:
Commercial loans to mortgage companies2,928,802 44,860 3.09 %2,148,863 35,254 3.30 %(2,375)11,981 9,606 
Multi-family loans1,619,891 30,861 3.84 %2,111,853 41,712 3.97 %(1,337)(9,514)(10,851)
Commercial and industrial loans and leases (2)
2,863,268 53,637 3.78 %2,460,435 53,513 4.37 %(7,835)7,959 124 
PPP loans5,382,370 79,969 3.00 %1,377,460 11,706 1.71 %14,063 54,200 68,263 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans1,358,871 25,981 3.86 %1,363,795 27,616 4.07 %(1,528)(107)(1,635)
Residential mortgages359,815 6,612 3.71 %437,782 8,171 3.75 %(88)(1,471)(1,559)
Installment loans1,396,126 63,805 9.22 %1,274,024 56,555 8.93 %1,835 5,415 7,250 
Total loans and leases (3)
15,909,143 305,725 3.88 %11,174,212 234,527 4.22 %2,735 68,463 71,198 
Other interest-earning assets68,521 1,475 4.34 %89,890 1,928 4.31 %13 (466)(453)
Total interest-earning assets18,323,555 323,996 3.56 %12,478,375 250,561 4.04 %(5,761)79,196 73,435 
Non-interest-earning assets594,936 565,304 
Assets of discontinued operations— 80,816 
Total assets$18,918,491 $13,124,495 
Liabilities
Interest checking accounts$3,099,725 12,252 0.80 %$1,888,160 9,221 0.98 %(1,946)4,977 3,031 
Money market deposit accounts4,648,942 11,709 0.51 %3,335,006 22,662 1.37 %(17,698)6,745 (10,953)
Other savings accounts1,435,681 4,477 0.63 %1,159,479 11,483 1.99 %(9,238)2,232 (7,006)
Certificates of deposit662,447 2,873 0.87 %1,629,416 14,225 1.76 %(5,223)(6,129)(11,352)
Total interest-bearing deposits (4)
9,846,795 31,311 0.64 %8,012,061 57,591 1.45 %(34,105)7,825 (26,280)
FRB PPP liquidity facility3,899,996 6,769 0.35 %471,129 822 0.35 %— 5,947 5,947 
Borrowings850,024 14,428 3.42 %1,756,080 18,846 2.16 %7,955 (12,373)(4,418)
Total interest-bearing liabilities14,596,815 52,508 0.72 %10,239,270 77,259 1.52 %(26,150)1,399 (24,751)
Non-interest-bearing deposits (4)
2,855,019 1,732,163 
Total deposits and borrowings17,451,834 0.61 %11,971,433 1.30 %
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities288,246 92,218 
Liabilities of discontinued operations— 53,600 
Total liabilities17,740,080 12,117,251 
Shareholders' equity1,178,411 1,007,244 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$18,918,491 $13,124,495 
Net interest income271,488 173,302 $20,389 $77,797 $98,186 
Tax-equivalent adjustment (5)
581 430 
Net interest earnings$272,069 $173,732 
Interest spread2.96 %2.74 %
Net interest margin2.99 %2.79 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent (5)
2.99 %2.80 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (6)
3.14 %2.98 %
(1)For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average yields for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.
(2)Includes owner occupied commercial real estate loans.
(3)Includes non-accrual loans, the effect of which is to reduce the yield earned on loans and leases, and deferred loan fees.
(4)Total costs of deposits (including interest bearing and non-interest-bearing) were 1.00%0.50% and 1.81%1.19% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
(5)Non-GAAP tax-equivalent basis, using an estimated marginal tax rate of 26% for both the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, presented to approximate interest income as a taxable asset. Management uses non-GAAP measures to present historical periods comparable to the current period presentation. In addition, management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers’ financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities. Please refer to the reconciliation schedule that follows this table.
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(6)Non-GAAP tax-equivalent basis, as described in note (5) for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, excluding net interest income from PPP loans and related borrowings, along with the related PPP loan balances and PPP fees receivable from interest-earning assets. Management uses non-GAAP measures to present historical periods comparable to the current period presentation. In addition, management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers’ financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities. Please refer to the reconciliation schedule that follows this table.

Net interest income increased $81.0$98.2 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 as average interest-earning assets increased by $4.1$5.8 billion, primarily related to PPP loan originations, increases in installment loans, commercial loans to mortgage companies, investment securities, commercial and industrial loans, investment securities, and interest earning deposits,installment loans, partially offset by a 1decrease in multi-family loans as the loan mix improved year-over-year. The commercial loans to mortgage companies trend has been a function of greater refinance activity due to sharply lower interest rates, an increase in home purchase volumes, and market share gains from other banks.
The NIM increased by 19 basis point decline in NIM to 2.68%2.99% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 from 2.69%2.80% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019,2020 resulting from the Federal Reserve interest rate cuts of 225 basis points beginning in August 2019, and the shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities drove a 8648 basis point decline in the yield on interest-earningsinterest-earning assets and an 109a 80 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. The largest shift in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities was the origination of $5.0$6.3 billion ($2.65.4 billion average balance) inof PPP loans yielding 1.88%3.00% and related PPPLF borrowings of $4.8$3.9 billion ($1.83.9 billion average balance) costing 0.35%. There was also PPP loan forgiveness from the first two rounds which accelerated the recognition of net deferred loan origination fees that contributed to the NIM increase. Customers' total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 1.08%0.61% and 2.00%1.30% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Customers’Customers' net interest margin tables contain non-GAAP financial measures calculated using non-GAAP amounts. These measures include net interest margin tax equivalent and net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans. Management uses these non-GAAP measures to present the current period presentation to historical periods in prior filings. In addition, management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers' financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities.

A reconciliation of net interest margin tax equivalent and net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 areis set forth below.

Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)2020201920202019(dollars in thousands)2021202020212020
Net interest income (GAAP)Net interest income (GAAP)$107,439 $75,735 $280,742 $199,718 Net interest income (GAAP)$138,757 $91,982 $271,488 $173,302 
Tax-equivalent adjustmentTax-equivalent adjustment225 184 655 548 Tax-equivalent adjustment289 225 581 430 
Net interest income tax equivalent (Non-GAAP)Net interest income tax equivalent (Non-GAAP)$107,664 $75,919 $281,397 $200,266 Net interest income tax equivalent (Non-GAAP)139,046 92,207 272,069 173,732 
Loans receivable, PPP net interest incomeLoans receivable, PPP net interest income(20,018)— (29,326)— Loans receivable, PPP net interest income(35,785)(9,308)(70,627)(9,308)
Net interest income tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (Non-GAAP)Net interest income tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (Non-GAAP)$87,646 $75,919 $252,071 $200,266 Net interest income tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (Non-GAAP)$103,261 $82,899 $201,442 $164,424 
Average total interest-earning assets (GAAP)Average total interest-earning assets (GAAP)$17,121,145 $10,667,198 $14,037,262 $9,937,342 Average total interest-earning assets (GAAP)$18,698,996 $13,980,021 $18,323,555 $12,478,375 
Average PPP loansAverage PPP loans(4,909,197)— (2,563,299)— Average PPP loans(6,133,184)(2,754,920)(5,382,370)(1,377,460)
Adjusted average total interest-earning assets (Non-GAAP)Adjusted average total interest-earning assets (Non-GAAP)$12,211,948 $10,667,198 $11,473,963 $9,937,342 Adjusted average total interest-earning assets (Non-GAAP)$12,565,812 $11,225,101 $12,941,185 $11,100,915 
Net interest margin (GAAP)Net interest margin (GAAP)2.50 %2.82 %2.67 %2.69 %Net interest margin (GAAP)2.98 %2.65 %2.99 %2.79 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent (Non-GAAP)Net interest margin tax equivalent (Non-GAAP)2.50 %2.83 %2.68 %2.69 %Net interest margin tax equivalent (Non-GAAP)2.98 %2.65 %2.99 %2.80 %
Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (Non-GAAP)Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (Non-GAAP)2.86 %2.83 %2.93 %2.69 %Net interest margin tax equivalent, excluding PPP loans (Non-GAAP)3.30 %2.97 %3.14 %2.98 %


PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

 ON LOANS AND LEASES
The provision for credit losses is a charge to earnings to maintain the allowance for credit lossesACL at a level consistent with management’s assessment of expected lifetime losses in the loan and lease portfolio at the balance sheet date. During first quarter 2020, Customers adopted ASU 2016-13.ASC 326. Upon adoption, the allowance for credit lossesACL for loans and leases and lending-related unfunded commitments increased by $79.8 million and $3.4 million, respectively, with the after-tax cumulative effect recorded to retained earnings.
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Customers recorded $13.0a provision for credit losses during the three months ended June 30, 2021, which resulted primarily from an increase in provision for consumer installment loans from continued growth, offset by a benefit or release of the reserve for the commercial loans from continued improvement in forecasts of macroeconomic conditions. Customers recorded a provision for credit losses of $3.3 million and $0.1 million for loans and leases and lending-related commitments, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Customers recorded $20.9 million of provision for credit losses for loans and leases and a credit or release of $0.5the reserve of $0.4 million for lending-related commitments, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease resulted primarily from the impact of reserve build for the COVID-19 pandemic, portfolio growth, and net-charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2021 were $6.6 million, or 16 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, primarily due to $8.0 million of charge-offs for consumer installment loans consistent with the loan growth. Net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were $10.3 million, or 32 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, primarily due to a partial charge off of $2.8 million for one commercial real estate collateral dependent loan and $8.3 million of charge-offs for consumer installment loans consistent with the loan growth.
Customers recorded $0.4 million of provision for credit losses for loans and leases and $1.2 million of credit or release of the reserve for lending-related commitments, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Customers recorded $52.7 million and $0.4 million of provision for credit losses for loans and leases and lending-related commitments, respectively, for the threesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 utilizing2020. Net charge-offs for the CECL methodology. The additional provision for credit losses during the threesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 resulted2021 were $19.1 million, or 24 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, primarily from netdue to $20.6 million of charge-offs and portfolio growth, partially offset by
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changes in management's economic forecast sincefor consumer installment loans consistent with the loan growth. Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to improved forecastswere $29.0 million, or 52 basis points of macroeconomic conditions. Customers recorded $65.7 million and a $0.1 million credit for provision for credit losses foraverage loans and leases on an annualized basis, primarily due to partial charge offs totaling $15.6 million for two commercial real estate collateral dependent loans and lending-related commitments, respectively,$14.6 million of charge-offs for consumer installment loans consistent with the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase resulted primarily from the impact of reserve build for the COVID-19 pandemic, portfolio growth, and net-charge-offs.

loan growth.
For more information about the provision and ACL and our loss experience, see “Credit Risk” and “Asset Quality” herein.
NON-INTEREST INCOME
The table below presents the components of non-interest income for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.
 Three Months Ended September 30,QTDNine Months Ended September 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20202019Change% Change20202019Change% Change
Interchange and card revenue$4,081 $6,869 $(2,788)(40.6)%$17,368 $22,435 $(5,067)(22.6)%
Deposit fees3,439 3,642 (203)(5.6)%10,221 9,199 1,022 11.1 %
Commercial lease income4,510 3,080 1,430 46.4 %13,286 8,212 5,074 61.8 %
Bank-owned life insurance1,746 1,824 (78)(4.3)%5,265 5,477 (212)(3.9)%
Mortgage warehouse transactional fees3,320 2,150 1,170 54.4 %7,854 5,145 2,709 52.7 %
Gain (loss) on sale of SBA and other loans286 — 286 NM320 — 320 NM
Mortgage banking income1,013 283 730 258.0 %1,347 701 646 92.2 %
Loss upon acquisition of interest-only GNMA securities— — — NM— (7,476)7,476 (100.0)%
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities11,707 1,001 10,706 1,069.5 %20,035 1,001 19,034 1,901.5 %
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities238 1,333 (1,095)(82.1)%60 988 (928)(93.9)%
Other3,453 3,187 266 8.3 %2,203 9,443 (7,240)(76.7)%
Total non-interest income$33,793 $23,369 $10,424 44.6 %$77,959 $55,125 $22,834 41.4 %
Interchange and card revenue
The $2.8 million decrease in interchange and card revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from Customers becoming subject to the Federal Reserve's regulation limits on interchange fees for banks over $10 billion in assets beginning on July 1, 2020.
The $5.1 million decrease in interchange and card revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from Customers becoming subject to the Federal Reserve's regulation limits on interchange fees for banks over $10 billion in assets beginning on July 1, 2020 and lower activity volumes at the BankMobile segment, primarily due to COVID-19.
Deposit fees
The $0.2 million decrease in deposit fees for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from lower activity volumes.
The $1.0 million increase in deposit fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from an increase in service charges on certain deposit accounts relating to a change in the fee structure at the BankMobile segment, partially offset by lower activity volumes.
 Three Months Ended June 30,QTDSix Months Ended June 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20212020Change% Change20212020Change% Change
Interchange and card revenue$84 $193 $(109)(56.5)%$169 $463 $(294)(63.5)%
Deposit fees891 502 389 77.5 %1,754 1,054 700 66.4 %
Commercial lease income5,311 4,508 803 17.8 %10,516 8,776 1,740 19.8 %
Bank-owned life insurance2,765 1,757 1,008 57.4 %4,444 3,519 925 26.3 %
Mortgage warehouse transactional fees3,265 2,582 683 26.5 %7,512 4,533 2,979 65.7 %
Gain (loss) on sale of SBA and other loans1,900 23 1,877 8,160.9 %3,475 34 3,441 10,120.6 %
Mortgage banking income386 38 348 915.8 %849 334 515 154.2 %
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities1,812 4,353 (2,541)(58.4)%25,378 8,328 17,050 204.7 %
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities1,746 1,200 546 45.5 %2,720 (178)2,898 (1,628.1)%
Loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries(2,840)— (2,840)NM(2,840)— (2,840)NM
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives(439)(4,158)3,719 (89.4)%2,098 (5,304)7,402 (139.6)%
Loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations— — — NM(24,467)— (24,467)NM
Other1,941 713 1,228 172.2 %3,682 1,312 2,370 180.6 %
Total non-interest income$16,822 $11,711 $5,111 43.6 %$35,290 $22,871 $12,419 54.3 %
Commercial lease income
Commercial lease income represents income earned on commercial operating leases originated by Customers' Equipment Finance Group in which Customers is the lessor. The $1.4$0.8 million increase in commercial lease income for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from the continued growth of Customers' equipment finance business.
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The $5.1$1.7 million increase in commercial lease income for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from the continued growth of Customers' equipment finance business.
Bank-owned life insurance
Bank-owned life insurance income represents income earned on life insurance policies owned by Customers including an increase in cash surrender value of the policies and any benefits paid by insurance carriers under the policies. The $1.0 million increase in bank-owned life insurance income for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from the increase in cash surrender value of existing and new policies and benefits paid by insurance carriers under the policies.
The $0.9 million increase in commercial lease income for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from the increase in cash surrender value of existing and new policies purchased and benefits paid by insurance carrier under the policies.
Mortgage warehouse transactional fees
The $1.2$0.7 million increase in mortgage warehouse transactional fees for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from ana continued increase in refinancing activity driven by the decline in market interest rates during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.that began in March 2020.
The $2.7$3.0 million increase in mortgage warehouse transactional fees for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from ana continued increase in refinancing activity driven by the decline in market interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.that began in March 2020.
Mortgage banking incomeGain (loss) on sale of SBA and other loans
The $0.7$1.9 million increase in mortgage banking incomegain on sale of SBA and other loans for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 primarily resulted from2020 reflects an increase in unrealized gains on derivatives and gains on sales of mortgage servicing rights$14.5 million of SBA loans and $28.8 million of installment loans during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2020.
The $0.6$3.4 million increase in mortgage banking incomegain on sale of SBA and other loans for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 primarily resulted from2020 reflects an increase in unrealized gains on derivatives and gains on sales of mortgage servicing rights$35.7 million of SBA loans and $28.8 million of installment loans during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended September 30, 2019.
Loss on acquisition of interest-only GNMA securities
The $7.5 million decrease in loss on acquisition of interest-only GNMA for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulted from a mortgage warehouse customer that unexpectedly ceased operations in the second quarter 2019. Customers took possession of the interest-only GNMA securities that served as the primary collateral for loans made to this mortgage warehouse customer. The shortfall in the fair value of the interest-only GNMA securities upon acquisition resulted in a write-down of $7.5 million in second quarter 2019. Customers views this as an isolated event that is not indicative of the overall credit quality of the mortgage warehouse portfolio. There are no other loans in the mortgage warehouse portfolio secured by interest-only securities. These securities were sold for $15.4 million with a realized gain of $1.0 million during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities
The $10.7$2.5 million increasedecrease in gain (loss) on sale of investment securities for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 reflects the gains realized from the sale of $58.4 million of agency-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and $70.0$53.7 million in corporate notesAFS debt securities during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 compared to $109.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
The $19.0$17.1 million increase in gain (loss) on sale of investment securities for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 reflects the gains realized from the sale of $158.9 million of agency-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities, $70.0$407.6 million in corporate notes, $30.0 million of corporate bonds, and $6.3 million in non-agency-guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligationsAFS debt securities during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 compared to $109.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities
The $1.1$0.5 million decreaseincrease in unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 reflects a declinean increase in the unrealized gain of equity securities issued by a foreign entity that were held by CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd. for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
The $0.9$2.9 million decreaseincrease in unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 reflects a declinean increase in the unrealized gain of equity securities issued by a foreign entity that were held by CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd. for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
Loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries
The $2.8 million increase in loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020 reflects the realized loss from the sale of CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd., which held the equity securities issued by a foreign entity. Customers sold all outstanding shares in CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd. for $3.8 million in June 2021.
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The $2.8 million increase in loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020 reflects the realized loss from the sale of CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd., which held the equity securities issued by a foreign entity in June 2021.
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives
The $3.7 million increase in unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020 primarily resulted from increases of $4.0 million in credit valuation adjustment and credit derivatives due to changes in market interest rates, partially offset by $0.3 million decrease in interest rate swap fees.
The $7.4 million increase in unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily resulted from increases of $8.4 million in credit valuation adjustment and credit derivatives due to changes in market interest rates, partially offset by $1.0 million decrease in interest rate swap fees.
Loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations
The $24.5 million increase in loss on cash flow hedge derivative terminations for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 reflects the early terminations of derivatives designated in cash flow hedging relationships and reclassification of the realized losses from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings because the hedged forecasted transactions were no longer probable of occurring.
Other non-interest income
The $0.3$1.2 million increase in other non-interest income for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from a net positive mark-to-market derivative valuationmarket value adjustment loss of $1.0$1.5 million due to market interest rates, partially offset byon a decrease of $0.5 million in swap premiums.
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commercial real estate loan held for sale during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
The $7.2$2.4 million decreaseincrease in other non-interest income for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from a net negative derivative valuation adjustmentan increase of $5.2$0.8 million due to changes in market interest rates and a negative credit valuation adjustmentgain from an interest rate swap associated with a non-performing borrower in second quarter 2020,the sales of commercial lease assets and a market value adjustment loss of $1.5 million on onea commercial real estate loan held for sale of $1.5 million in second quarterduring the six months ended June 30, 2020.

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
The table below presents the components of non-interest expense for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.
 Three Months Ended September 30,QTDNine Months Ended September 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20202019Change% Change20202019Change% Change
Salaries and employee benefits$32,676 $27,193 $5,483 20.2 %$92,283 $79,936 $12,347 15.4 %
Technology, communication and bank operations13,215 8,755 4,460 50.9 %39,576 33,110 6,466 19.5 %
Professional services7,253 8,348 (1,095)(13.1)%19,476 18,639 837 4.5 %
Occupancy3,632 3,661 (29)(0.8)%9,689 9,628 61 0.6 %
Commercial lease depreciation3,663 2,459 1,204 49.0 %10,733 6,633 4,100 61.8 %
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees3,784 (777)4,561 NM9,019 3,368 5,651 167.8 %
Provision for operating losses1,186 3,998 (2,812)(70.3)%3,166 8,223 (5,057)(61.5)%
Advertising and promotion— 976 (976)(100.0)%2,221 3,145 (924)(29.4)%
Merger and acquisition related expenses1,035 — 1,035 NM1,110 — 1,110 NM
Loan workout846 495 351 70.9 %3,020 1,458 1,562 107.1 %
Other real estate owned7 108 (101)(93.5)%26 151 (125)(82.8)%
Other(1,736)4,376 (6,112)(139.7)%5,206 8,869 (3,663)(41.3)%
Total non-interest expense$65,561 $59,592 $5,969 10.0 %$195,525 $173,160 $22,365 12.9 %
2020.
 Three Months Ended June 30,QTDSix Months Ended June 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20212020Change% Change20212020Change% Change
Salaries and employee benefits$28,023 $23,192 $4,831 20.8 %$51,994 $43,716 $8,278 18.9 %
Technology, communication and bank operations19,618 11,103 8,515 76.7 %39,606 21,642 17,964 83.0 %
Professional services8,234 2,974 5,260 176.9 %14,523 6,519 8,004 122.8 %
Occupancy2,482 2,639 (157)(5.9)%5,103 5,252 (149)(2.8)%
Commercial lease depreciation4,415 3,643 772 21.2 %8,706 7,070 1,636 23.1 %
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees2,602 2,368 234 9.9 %5,321 5,235 86 1.6 %
Merger and acquisition related expenses— — — — %418 — 418 NM
Loan workout102 1,808 (1,706)(94.4)%(159)2,175 (2,334)(107.3)%
Advertising and promotion313 372 (59)(15.9)%874 1,795 (921)(51.3)%
Other5,034 1,692 3,342 197.5 %6,364 5,354 1,010 18.9 %
Total non-interest expense$70,823 $49,791 $21,032 42.2 %$132,750 $98,758 $33,992 34.4 %
Salaries and employee benefits
The $5.5$4.8 million increase in salaries and employee benefits for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from an increase in average full-time equivalent team members needed for future growth, annual merit increases, and an increase in incentive accruals tied to Customers' overall performance.performance, increase in stock-based compensation related to new awards, and compensation expense associated with an executive's retirement and other one-time benefits.
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The $12.3$8.3 million increase in salaries and employee benefits for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from an increase in average full-time equivalent team members needed for future growth, annual merit increases, and an increase in incentive accruals tied to Customers' overall performance.performance, increase in stock-based compensation related to new awards and compensation expense associated with an executive's retirement and other one-time benefits.
Technology, communication, and bank operations
The $4.5$8.5 million increase in technology, communication, and bank operations expense for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from increases in deposit servicing fees and interchange maintenance fees paid to BM Technologies, the continued investment in Customers' white label partnershipsuccessor entity to BMT that was divested on January 4, 2021, due to higher deposits and digital transformation efforts.debit card transactions.
The $6.5$18.0 million increase in technology, communication, and bank operations expense for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from increases in deposit servicing fees and interchange maintenance fees paid to BM Technologies, the continued investment in Customers' white label partnershipsuccessor entity to BMT that was divested on January 4, 2021, due to higher deposits and digital transformation efforts.debit card transactions. See "NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS" to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Professional services
The $1.1$5.3 million decreaseincrease in professional services for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 was primarily resulted from management's continued effortsdue to monitoroutside professional services used to support the PPP forgiveness process and control expenses.
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PPP.
The $0.8$8.0 million increase in professional services for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 was primarily resulted from consultingdue to outside professional services associated with supporting Customers' white label partnershipused to support the PPP forgiveness process and digital transformation efforts, partially offset by management's continued efforts to monitor and control expenses.our participation in the latest round of PPP.
Commercial lease depreciation
The $1.2$0.8 million increase in commercial lease depreciation for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from the continued growth of the operating lease arrangements originated by Customers' Equipment Finance Group in which Customers is the lessor.
The $4.1$1.6 million increase in commercial lease depreciation for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from the continued growth of the operating lease arrangements originated by Customers' Equipment Finance Group in which Customers is the lessor.
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes, and regulatory fees
The $4.6 million increase in FDIC assessments, non-income taxes, and regulatory fees for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from an increase in FDIC assessment rates resulting from management's decision to grow the balance sheet beyond $10 billion in assets, as higher premiums become applicable, and the temporary utilization of brokered deposits to fund PPP loans.
The $5.7 million increase in FDIC assessments, non-income taxes, and regulatory fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from an increase in FDIC assessment rates resulting from management's decision to grow the balance sheet beyond $10 billion in assets, as higher premiums become applicable, and the temporary utilization of brokered deposits to fund PPP loans.
Provision for operating losses
The provision for operating losses primarily consists of losses resulting from fraud or theft-based transactions that have generally been disputed by deposit account holders. The $2.8 million decrease in provision for operating losses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from an internet-based organized crime ring that was identified during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and initiatives implemented by management to reduce fraud and theft-based losses during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
The $5.1 million decrease in provision for operating losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from an internet-based organized crime ring that was identified during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and initiatives implemented by management to reduce fraud and theft-based losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Advertising and promotion expenses
The $1.0 million decrease in advertising and promotion expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from a reduction in the promotion of Customers' digital banking products and service offerings available through BankMobile and its white label partnership.
The $0.9 million decrease in advertising and promotion expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from a reduction in the promotion of Customers' digital banking products and service offerings available through BankMobile and its white label partnership.
Merger and acquisition related expenses
The $1.0 million increase in merger and acquisition related expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from the pending merger of BankMobile Technologies, Inc. and Megalith Financial Acquisition Corp.
The $1.1 million increase in merger and acquisition related expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from the pending merger of BankMobile Technologies, Inc. and Megalith Financial Acquisition Corp.
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Loan workout
The $0.4$1.7 million increasedecrease in loan workout for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from the workout ofexpenses incurred for two commercial relationships.relationships during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
The $1.6$2.3 million increasedecrease in loan workout for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from the workout ofexpenses incurred for two commercial relationships.relationships during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Other non-interest expense
The $6.1$3.3 million decreaseincrease in other non-interest expense for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from an increaseincreases in operating cost reimbursements from Customers' white label partnership.expenses related to the participation in the latest round of PPP, consumer installment servicing, and other miscellaneous expenses. The provision or addition to the reserve for unfunded commitments for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was $0.1 million, compared to a credit or release of the reserve for unfunded commitments of $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
The $3.7$1.0 million decreaseincrease in other non-interest expense for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20192020 primarily resulted from an increaseincreases in operating cost reimbursements from Customers' white label partnership, partiallyexpenses related to the participation in the latest round of PPP, consumer installment servicing, and other miscellaneous expenses. These increases were offset by a legal contingency accrualcredit or release of $1.0the reserve for unfunded commitments of $1.2 million relatedduring the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to a provision or addition to the settlementreserve for unfunded commitments of the previously disclosed ED matter$0.4 million during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020.
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INCOME TAXES
The table below presents income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.

2020.
Three Months Ended September 30,QTDNine Months Ended September 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20202019Change% Change20202019Change% Change
Income before income tax expense$62,716 $35,086 $27,630 78.7 %$97,488 $67,144 $30,344 45.2 %
Income tax expense$12,201 $8,020 $4,181 52.1 %$21,156 $15,343 $5,813 37.9 %
Effective tax rate19.45 %22.86 %21.70 %22.85 %

Three Months Ended June 30,QTDSix Months Ended June 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20212020Change% Change20212020Change% Change
Income before income tax expense$81,465 $32,956 $48,509 147.2 %$173,656 $44,683 $128,973 288.6 %
Income tax expense20,124 7,980 12,144 152.2 %37,684 11,254 26,430 234.8 %
Effective tax rate24.70 %24.21 %21.70 %25.19 %
The $4.2$12.1 million increase in income tax expense for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from an increase in pre-tax income, partially offset by anincome. The increase in the estimated annual benefit of investment tax credits for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from an increase in compensation expense associated with an executive's retirement that exceeded the estimated annual benefit of investmentlimit for tax credits for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

deduction purposes.
The $5.8$26.4 million increase in income tax expense for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from an increase in pre-tax income, partially offset by an increase in the estimated annual benefit of investment tax credits for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.income. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from an increase in the estimated annual benefit of investment tax credits in 2021 and the recording of net discrete tax benefits associated with the divestiture of BMT and the recognition of a deferred tax asset related to the outside basis difference of foreign subsidiaries, offset in part by an increase in compensation expense associated with an executive's retirement that exceeded the limit for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.tax deduction purposes.

NET LOSS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On January 4, 2021, Customers Bancorp completed the previously announced divestiture of BMT, the technology arm of its BankMobile segment, to MFAC Merger Sub Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MFAC, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 6, 2020, by and among Megalith, MFAC Merger Sub Inc., BMT, Customers Bank, the sole stockholder of BMT, and Customers Bancorp, the parent bank holding company for Customers Bank (as amended on November 2, 2020 and December 8, 2020). In connection with the closing of the divestiture, MFAC changed its name to “BM Technologies, Inc.” Following the completion of the divestiture of BMT, BankMobile's serviced deposits and loans and the related net interest income have been combined with Customers' financial condition and the results of operations as a single reportable segment.
The assets and liabilities of BMT have been presented as "Assets of discontinued operations" and "Liabilities of discontinued operations" on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. BMT's operating results and associated cash flows have been presented as "Discontinued operations" within the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.
The table below presents the loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Three Months Ended June 30,QTDSix Months Ended June 30,YTD
(dollars in thousands)20212020Change% Change20212020Change% Change
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes$— $(3,190)$3,190 (100.0)%$(20,354)$(9,911)$(10,443)105.4 %
Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations— (932)932 (100.0)%17,682 (2,299)19,981 (869.1)%
Net loss from discontinued operations$— $(2,258)$2,258 (100.0)%$(38,036)$(7,612)$(30,424)399.7 %
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense (benefit) decreased $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020 as the divestiture of BMT was completed on January 4, 2021.
Loss from discontinued operations increased $10.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to restricted stock awards in BM Technologies' common stock distributed to certain team members of BMT in the form of severance payments and compensation costs for the restricted stock units of Customers Bancorp previously granted to certain team members of BMT that vested upon completion of the divestiture on January 4, 2021.
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Income tax expense from discontinued operations increased $20.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 resulting from the effect of the divestiture being treated as a taxable asset sale for tax purposes, offset in part by tax benefits related to the restricted stock awards in BM Technologies's common stock and vesting of restricted stock units of Customers Bancorp to certain team members of BMT.
In connection with the divestiture, Customers has also entered into various agreements with BM Technologies, including a transition services agreement, software license agreement, deposit servicing agreement, non-competition agreement and loan agreement for periods ranging from one to ten years. Customers incurred expenses of $14.3 million and $27.9 million to BM Technologies under the deposit servicing agreement included in technology, communication and bank operations within the income from continuing operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. Refer to "NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS" to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS

Preferred stock dividends were $3.4$3.3 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. There were no changes to the amount of preferred stock outstanding during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019. On June 15, 2020, Series C preferred stock became floating at three-month LIBOR plus 5.300%, compared to a fixed rate of 7.00%.

2020.
Preferred stock dividends were $10.6$6.7 million and $10.8$7.2 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019.respectively. There were no changes to the amount of preferred stock outstanding during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019. 2020.
On June 15, 2020, Series C preferred stockPreferred Stock became floating at three-month LIBOR plus 5.300%5.30%, compared to a fixed rate of 7.00%.
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Table On March 15, 2021, Series D Preferred Stock became floating at three-month LIBOR plus 5.09%, compared to a fixed rate of Contents
6.50%. On June 15, 2021, the Series E Preferred Stock became floating at three-month LIBOR plus 5.14%, compared to a fixed rate of 6.45%.


Financial Condition
General
Customers' total assets were $18.8$19.6 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. This represented a $7.3$1.2 billion increase from total assets of $11.5$18.4 billion at December 31, 2019.2020. The increase in total assets was primarily driven by increases of $5.0$1.7 billion in PPP loans, $1.7 billion$316.5 million in investment securities, and $196.8 million in loans and leases receivable, partially offset by decreases of $761.1 million in loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value $538.0 million in investment securities, $381.9 million in loans and leases receivable, $125.5 million in other assets, and $118.9$262.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, partially offset by a decrease of $459.6 million in loans held for sale and an increase in allowance for loan and lease losses of $99.2 million.equivalents.
Total liabilities were $17.7$18.4 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. This represented a $7.3$1.1 billion increase from $10.5$17.3 billion at December 31, 2019.2020. The increase in total liabilities primarily resulted from increases of $4.8 billion in the PPPLF, $2.2$2.6 billion in total deposits $142.0 million in federal funds purchased, and $115.7$186.7 million in accrued interest payable and other liabilities.liabilities, partially offset by decreases of $850.0 million in FHLB advances, $549.2 million in the PPPLF, and $250.0 million in federal funds purchased.
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The following table presents certain key condensed balance sheet data as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019:2020:

(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)September 30,
2020		December 31,
2019		Change% Change(dollars in thousands)June 30,
2021		December 31,
2020		Change% Change
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$331,416 $212,505 $118,911 56.0 %Cash and cash equivalents$430,500 $693,354 $(262,854)(37.9)%
Investment securities, at fair valueInvestment securities, at fair value1,133,831 595,876 537,955 90.3 %Investment securities, at fair value1,526,792 1,210,285 316,507 26.2 %
Loans held for saleLoans held for sale26,689 486,328 (459,639)(94.5)%Loans held for sale34,540 79,086 (44,546)(56.3)%
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair valueLoans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value3,913,593 2,245,758 1,667,835 74.3 %Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value2,855,284 3,616,432 (761,148)(21.0)%
Loans receivable, PPPLoans receivable, PPP4,964,105 — 4,964,105 NMLoans receivable, PPP6,305,056 4,561,365 1,743,691 38.2 %
Loans and leases receivableLoans and leases receivable7,700,892 7,318,988 381,904 5.2 %Loans and leases receivable7,772,142 7,575,368 196,774 2.6 %
Allowance for credit losses on loan and lease losses(155,561)(56,379)(99,182)175.9 %
Allowance for credit losses on loan and leasesAllowance for credit losses on loan and leases(125,436)(144,176)18,740 (13.0)%
Other assetsOther assets423,569 298,052 125,517 42.1 %Other assets362,661 338,438 24,223 7.2 %
Assets of discontinued operationsAssets of discontinued operations— 62,055 (62,055)(100.0)%
Total assetsTotal assets18,778,727 11,520,717 7,258,010 63.0 %Total assets19,635,108 18,439,248 1,195,860 6.5 %
Total depositsTotal deposits10,839,077 8,648,936 2,190,141 25.3 %Total deposits13,873,939 11,309,929 2,564,010 22.7 %
Federal funds purchasedFederal funds purchased680,000 538,000 142,000 26.4 %Federal funds purchased— 250,000 (250,000)(100.0)%
FHLB advancesFHLB advances850,000 850,000 — — %FHLB advances— 850,000 (850,000)(100.0)%
Other borrowingsOther borrowings123,935 123,630 305 0.2 %Other borrowings124,240 124,037 203 0.2 %
Subordinated debtSubordinated debt181,324 181,115 209 0.1 %Subordinated debt181,534 181,394 140 0.1 %
FRB PPP liquidity facilityFRB PPP liquidity facility4,811,009 — 4,811,009 NMFRB PPP liquidity facility3,865,865 4,415,016 (549,151)(12.4)%
Accrued interest payable and other liabilitiesAccrued interest payable and other liabilities241,891 126,241 115,650 91.6 %Accrued interest payable and other liabilities338,801 152,082 186,719 122.8 %
Liabilities of discontinued operationsLiabilities of discontinued operations— 39,704 (39,704)(100.0)%
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities17,727,236 10,467,922 7,259,314 69.3 %Total liabilities18,384,379 17,322,162 1,062,217 6.1 %
Total shareholders’ equityTotal shareholders’ equity1,051,491 1,052,795 (1,304)(0.1)%Total shareholders’ equity1,250,729 1,117,086 133,643 12.0 %
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equityTotal liabilities and shareholders’ equity$18,778,727 $11,520,717 $7,258,010 63.0 %Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$19,635,108 $18,439,248 $1,195,860 6.5 %

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks and interest-earning deposits. Cash and due from banks consists mainly of vault cash and cash items in the process of collection. Cash and due from banks were $5.8$36.8 million and $33.1$78.1 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively. Cash and due from banks balances vary from day to day, primarily due to variations in customers’ deposit activities with the Bank.
Interest-earning deposits consist of cash deposited at other banks, primarily the FRB. Interest-earning deposits were $325.6$393.7 million and $179.4$615.3 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively. The balance of interest-earning deposits varies from day to day, depending on several factors, such as fluctuations in customers' deposits with Customers, payment of checks drawn on customers' accounts and strategic investment decisions made to maximize Customers' net interest income, while effectively managing interest-rate risk and liquidity. The increasedecrease in interest-earning deposits since December 31, 20192020 primarily resulted from managing liquidity as Customers' total assets have increased $7.3 billion since December 31, 2019.
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Tablethe redeployment of Contentsexcess cash into interest-earning assets.
Investment Securities
The investment securities portfolio is an important source of interest income and liquidity. It consists primarily of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (guaranteedguaranteed by an agencyagencies of the United States government);government; United States government agencies securities; asset-backed securities; collateralized loan obligations; private label collateralized mortgage obligations and commercial mortgage-backed securities, state and political subdivision debt securities and corporate notes, and marketable equity securities.notes. In addition to generating revenue, the investment portfolio is maintained to manage interest-rate risk, provide liquidity, serve as collateral for other borrowings, and diversify the credit risk of interest-earning assets. The portfolio is structured to optimize net interest income given the changes in the economic environment, liquidity position and balance sheet mix.
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At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, investment securities totaled $1.1$1.5 billion compared to $595.9 million$1.2 billion at December 31, 2019.2020. The increase in investment securities primarily resulted from the purchases of asset-backed securities, U.S. government agency securities,collateralized loan obligations, agency-guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities, private label collateralized mortgage obligations, state and political subdivision debtcommercial mortgage-backed securities and corporate notes totaling $1.0 billion, of which $22.5$890.2 million, settled in October 2020, partially offset by the sale of $377.8$407.6 million of U.S. government agenciesasset-backed securities, agency-guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities, corporate notes, non-agency-guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations, and interest-only GNMA securities and maturities, calls and principal repayments totaling $156.8$172.8 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
For financial reporting purposes, available for saleAFS debt securities are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on available for saleAFS debt securities are included in other comprehensive income (loss) and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of the related tax effect. Changes in the fair value of marketable equity securities and securities reported at fair value based on a fair value option election are recorded in non-interest income in the period in which they occur.


LOANS AND LEASES
Existing lending relationships are primarily with small and middle market businesses and individual consumers primarily in Southeastern Pennsylvania (Bucks, Berks, Chester, Philadelphia and Delaware Counties); Rye Brook, New York (Westchester County); Hamilton, New Jersey (Mercer County); Boston, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; Portsmouth, New Hampshire (Rockingham County); Manhattan and Melville, New York; Washington, D.C.; Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas, and Chicago, Illinois.Orlando, Florida. The portfolio of loans to mortgage banking businesses is nationwide. The loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to support mortgage banking companies’ funding needs, multi-family/commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Customers continues to focus on small and middle market business loans to grow its commercial lending efforts, particularly its commercial and industrial loan and lease portfolio and its specialty mortgage lending business. Customers also focuses its lending efforts on local-market mortgage and home equity lending and the origination and purchase of unsecured consumer loans (installment loans), including personal, student loan refinancing, and home improvement loans through arrangements with fintech companies and other market place lenders for both the Customers Bank Business Banking and BankMobile segments nationwide.
Commercial Lending
Customers' commercial lending is divided into five groups: Business Banking, Small and Middle Market Business Banking, Multi-Family and Commercial Real Estate Lending, Mortgage Banking Lending, and Equipment Finance. This grouping is designed to allow for greater resource deployment, higher standards of risk management, strong asset quality, lower interest-rate risk and higher productivity levels.
The commercial lending group focuses primarily on companies with annual revenues ranging from $1 million to $100 million, which typically have credit requirements between $0.5 million and $10 million.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers had $15.0$15.1 billion in commercial loans outstanding, totaling approximately 90.1%88.7% of its total loan and lease portfolio, which includes loans held for sale and loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value and PPP loans, compared to commercial loans outstanding of $8.4$14.2 billion, comprising approximately 83.8%89.8% of its total loan and lease portfolio at December 31, 2019.2020. Included in the $15.0$15.1 billion and $14.2 billion in commercial loans outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, was $5.0respectively, were $6.3 billion and $4.6 billion of PPP loans.loans, respectively. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and earn a fixed interest rate of 1.00%.
The small and middle market business banking platform originates loans, including SBA loans, through the branch network sales force and a team of dedicated relationship managers. The support administration of this platform is centralized, including risk management, product management, marketing, performance tracking and overall strategy. Credit and sales training has been established for Customers' sales force, ensuring that it has small business experts in place providing appropriate financial solutions to the small business owners in its communities. AThe division approach focuses on industries that offer high asset quality and are deposit rich to drive profitability.
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Customers' lending to mortgage banking businesses primarily provides financing to mortgage bankers for residential mortgage originations from loan closing until sale in the secondary market. Many providers of liquidity in this segment exited the business in 2009 during a period of market turmoil. Customers saw an opportunity to provide liquidity to this business segment at attractive spreads, generate fee income and attract escrow deposits. The underlying residential loans are taken as collateral for Customers' commercial loans to the mortgage companies. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, commercial loans to mortgage banking businesses totaled $3.9$2.9 billion and $2.2$3.6 billion, respectively, and are reported as loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet.
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Customers intends to continue to deemphasize its lower-yielding multi-family loan portfolio, and invest in high credit quality higher-yielding commercial and industrial loans with the multi-family run-off. Customers' multi-family lending group continues to focus on retaining a portfolio of high-quality multi-family loans within Customers' covered markets while cross-selling other products and services. These lending activities primarily target the refinancing of loans with other banks using conservative underwriting standards and provide purchase money for new acquisitions by borrowers. The primary collateral for these loans is a first lien mortgage on the multi-family property, plus an assignment of all leases related to such property. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers had multi-family loans of $2.0$1.5 billion outstanding, comprising approximately 11.7%8.8% of the total loan and lease portfolio, compared to $2.4$1.8 billion, or approximately 23.8%11.1% of the total loan and lease portfolio, at December 31, 2019.2020.
The Equipment Finance Group offers equipment financing and leasing products and services for a broad range of asset classes. It services vendors, dealers, independent finance companies, bank-owned leasing companies and strategic direct customers in the plastics, packaging, machine tool, construction, transportation and franchise markets. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers had $279.5$310.0 million and $257.9$288.4 million, respectively, of equipment finance loans outstanding. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers had $106.5$129.0 million and $89.2$108.0 million of equipment finance leases, respectively. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers had $94.3$102.8 million and $93.6$102.9 million, respectively, of operating leases entered into under this program, net of accumulated depreciation of $25.0$35.6 million and $14.3$28.9 million, respectively.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law and which created funding for a new product called the PPP. The PPP is administered by the SBA and is intended to assist organizations with payroll related expenses. Customers, directly or through fintech partnerships, had $5.0$6.3 billion and $4.6 billion of PPP loans outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which are fully guaranteed by the SBA and earn a fixed interest rate of 1.00%. The average loan size of the PPP portfolio from the first two rounds is approximately $68 thousand.$50 thousand, and less than $20 thousand from the latest round.
Consumer Lending
Customers provides unsecured consumer installment loans, residential mortgage, and home equity loans to customers. The installment loan portfolio consists largely of originated and purchased personal, student loan refinancing and home improvement loans. None of the loans are considered sub-prime at the time of origination. Customers considers sub-prime borrowers to be those with FICO scores below 660. Customers has been selective in the consumer loans it has been purchasing. Home equity lending is offered to solidify customer relationships and grow relationship revenues in the long term. This lending is important in Customers' efforts to grow total relationship revenues for its consumer households. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers had $1.6$1.9 billion in consumer loans outstanding, or 9.9%11.3% of the total loan and lease portfolio, compared to $1.6 billion, or 16.2%10.3% of the total loan and lease portfolio, as of December 31, 2019. Customers intends to temper its growth in consumer loans for the remainder of 2020.
Purchases and sales of consumer loans were as follows for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019:2020:
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Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(amounts in thousands)2020201920202019
Purchases (1)
Residential real estate$—$—$495$105,858
Installment (2)
15,70083,898225,468534,150
Total$15,700$83,898$225,963$640,008
Sales (3)
Commercial and industrial (4)$3,968$—$3,968$—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied17,600—17,600—
Installment——1,822—
Total$21,568$—$23,390$—

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)2021202020212020
Purchases (1)
Loan receivable, PPP$460,456$—$621,487$—
Residential real estate———495
Installment (2)
—18,008115,849209,768
Total$460,456$18,008$737,336$210,263
Sales (3)
Multi-family$19,443$—$19,443$—
Commercial and industrial10,059—28,990—
Commercial real estate owner occupied4,461—6,698—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied——18,366—
Residential real estate11,623—28,186—
Installment28,818—28,8181,822
Total$74,404$—$130,501$1,822
(1)Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of purchase. The purchase price was 98.1%102.0% and 96.3%98.5% of loans outstanding forthe loans' unpaid principal balance during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. The purchase price was 100.2%103.0% and 100.3%100.4% of loans outstanding for the nineloans' unpaid principal balance during the six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
(2)Installment loan purchases for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 20192020 consist of third-party originated unsecured consumer loans. None of the loans are considered sub-prime at the time of origination. Customers considers sub-prime borrowers to be those with FICO scores below 660.
(3)Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of sale. There were noFor the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, loan sales resulted in net gains of $2.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.2021 and 2020, loan sales resulted in net gains of $4.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
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Loans Held for Sale
The composition of loans held for sale as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 was as follows:
(amounts in thousands)(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Commercial loans:Commercial loans:Commercial loans:
Multi-family loans, at lower of cost or fair value$— $482,873 
Commercial and industrial loans, at lower of cost or fair valueCommercial and industrial loans, at lower of cost or fair value$— $55,683 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans, at lower of cost or fair valueCommercial real estate non-owner occupied loans, at lower of cost or fair value18,366 — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans, at lower of cost or fair value— 17,251 
Total commercial loans held for saleTotal commercial loans held for sale18,366 482,873 Total commercial loans held for sale— 72,934 
Consumer loans:Consumer loans:Consumer loans:
Home equity conversion mortgages, at lower of cost or fair valueHome equity conversion mortgages, at lower of cost or fair value1,325 1,325 Home equity conversion mortgages, at lower of cost or fair value507 643 
Residential mortgage loans, at fair valueResidential mortgage loans, at fair value6,998 2,130 Residential mortgage loans, at fair value6,074 5,509 
Installment loans, at lower of cost or fair valueInstallment loans, at lower of cost or fair value27,959 — 
Total consumer loans held for saleTotal consumer loans held for sale8,323 3,455 Total consumer loans held for sale34,540 6,152 
Loans held for saleLoans held for sale$26,689 $486,328 Loans held for sale$34,540 $79,086 
At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, loans held for sale totaled $26.7$34.5 million, or 0.16%0.2% of the total loan and lease portfolio, and $486.3$79.1 million, or 4.84%0.5% of the total loan and lease portfolio, at December 31, 2019. Effective September 30, 2020, Customers transferred $401.1 million of multi-family loans from loans held for sale to loans receivable (held for investment) because it no longer had the intent to sell these loans. Customers transferred these loans at their carrying value, which approximated their fair value at the time of transfer.2020.
Loans held for sale are carried on the balance sheet at either fair value (due to the election of the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value. An ACL is not recorded on loans that are classified as held for sale.
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Total Loans and Leases Receivable
The composition of total loans and leases receivable (excluding loans held for sale) was as follows:
(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Loans and leases receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value$3,913,593 $2,245,758 
Loans receivable, PPP4,964,105 — 
Loans receivable:
Commercial:
Multi-family1,950,300 1,907,331 
Commercial and industrial (1)
2,220,715 1,891,152 
Commercial real estate owner occupied557,595 551,948 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,215,516 1,222,772 
Construction122,963 117,617 
Total commercial loans and leases receivable6,067,089 5,690,820 
Consumer:
Residential real estate335,452 382,634 
Manufactured housing64,638 71,359 
Installment1,233,713 1,174,175 
Total consumer loans receivable1,633,803 1,628,168 
Loans and leases receivable (2)
7,700,892 7,318,988 
Allowance for credit losses(155,561)(56,379)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses$16,423,029 $9,508,367 
(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Loans and leases receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value$2,855,284 $3,616,432 
Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 4,561,365 
Loans receivable:
Commercial:
Multi-family1,497,485 1,761,301 
Commercial and industrial (1)
2,360,656 2,289,441 
Commercial real estate owner occupied653,649 572,338 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,206,646 1,196,564 
Construction179,198 140,905 
Total commercial loans and leases receivable5,897,634 5,960,549 
Consumer:
Residential real estate266,911 317,170 
Manufactured housing57,904 62,243 
Installment1,549,693 1,235,406 
Total consumer loans receivable1,874,508 1,614,819 
Loans and leases receivable (2)
7,772,142 7,575,368 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases(125,436)(144,176)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases$16,807,046 $15,608,989 
(1)Includes direct finance equipment leases of $106.5$129.0 million and $89.2$108.0 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
(2)Includes deferred (fees) costs and unamortized (discounts) premiums, net of $(74.7)$(223.1) million and $2.1$(54.6) million at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
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Loans receivable, PPP
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law and which created funding for a new product called the PPP. The PPP is administered by the SBA and is intended to assist organizations with payroll related expenses. Customers had $5.0$6.3 billion and $4.6 billion of PPP loans outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which are fully guaranteed by the SBA and earn a fixed interest rate of 1.00%. Customers recognized interest income, including origination fees, of $24.3$41.1 million and $36.0$79.9 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Customers recognized interest income, including origination fees, of $11.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value
The mortgage warehouse product line primarily provides financing to mortgage companies nationwide from the time of origination of the underlying mortgage loans until the mortgage loans are sold into the secondary market. As a mortgage warehouse lender, Customers provides a form of financing to mortgage bankers by purchasing for resale the underlying residential mortgages on a short-term basis under a master repurchase agreement. These loans are reported as loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. Because these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures. At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, all of Customers' commercial mortgage warehouse loans were current in terms of payment.
Customers is subject to the risks associated with such lending, including, but not limited to, the risks of fraud, bankruptcy and default of the mortgage banker or of the underlying residential borrower, any of which could result in credit losses. Customers' mortgage warehouse lending team members monitor these mortgage originators by obtaining financial and other relevant information to reduce these risks during the lending period. Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value totaled $3.9$2.9 billion and $2.2$3.6 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
Credit Risk
Customers manages credit risk by maintaining diversification in its loan and lease portfolio, establishing and enforcing prudent underwriting standards and collection efforts, and continuous and periodic loan and lease classification reviews. Management also considers the effect of credit risk on financial performance by reviewing quarterly and maintaining an adequate ACL. Credit losses are
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charged-off when they are identified, and provisions are added when it is estimated that a loss has occurred,for current expected credit losses, to the ACL at least quarterly. The ACL is estimated at least quarterly.
The provision for credit losses on loans and leases was $13.0$3.3 million and $4.4$20.9 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. The ACL maintained for loans and leases receivable (excluding loans held for sale and loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value and PPP loans) was $155.6$125.4 million, or 2.02%1.61% of loans and leases receivable, excluding PPP loans, at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and $56.4$144.2 million, or 0.77%1.90% of loans and leases receivable, at December 31, 2019. Net charge-offs were $17.3 million2020. Excluding loans receivable, PPP from total loans and leases receivable is a non-GAAP measure. Management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers' financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $15.5 million comparedresults determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities. Please refer to the same period in 2019. reconciliation schedule below.
The increasedecrease in the ACL resulted primarily from lower ACL for the commercial loan portfolio due to continued improvement in macroeconomic forecasts at June 30, 2021, as compared to the impact of reserve build for the COVID-19 pandemic mostly attributableat June 30, 2020, offset in part by the increase in ACL for the consumer installment loan portfolio due to loan growth. Net charge-offs were $6.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of $3.7 million compared to the commercial real estate non-owner occupied and installment portfolios, and portfolio growth.same period in 2020. Commercial real estate non-owner occupied charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were attributable to the partial charge-offcharge-offs of two collateral dependent loans, which are not indicative of the overall commercial real estate portfolio. Installment charge-offs were attributable to originated and purchased unsecured consumer installment loans originated or purchased through arrangements with fintech companies and other market place lenders.lenders, which increased for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 consistent with the loan growth.
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A reconciliation of the coverage of ACL for loans and leases held for investment to the ACL for loans and leases held for investment, excluding PPP loans as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are set forth below.
(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Loans and leases receivable (GAAP)$14,077,198 $12,136,733 
Less: Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 4,561,365 
Loans and leases held for investment, excluding PPP (Non-GAAP)$7,772,142 $7,575,368 
ACL for loans and leases (GAAP)$125,436 $144,176 
Coverage of ACL for loans and leases held for investment, excluding PPP (Non-GAAP)1.61 %1.90 %
The table below presents changes in the Bank’sCustomers' ACL for the periods indicated.
Analysis of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loan and Lease Losses
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(amounts in thousands)2020201920202019
Balance at beginning of the period$159,905 $48,388 $56,379 $39,972 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle— — 79,829 — 
Loan and lease charge-offs (1)
Multi-family— — — 541 
Commercial and industrial2,527 349 2,645 532 
Commercial real estate owner occupied44 45 44 119 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied10,181 — 25,779 — 
Residential real estate— — — 109 
Installment9,194 1,806 23,744 3,493 
Total charge-offs21,946 2,200 52,212 4,794 
Loan and lease recoveries (1)
Multi-family— — — 7 
Commercial and industrial2,582 369 2,661 826 
Commercial real estate owner occupied— 10 5 235 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,258 — 1,258 — 
Construction6 8 122 128 
Residential real estate17 5 72 20 
Installment784 47 1,759 120 
Total recoveries4,647 439 5,877 1,336 
Total net charge-offs17,299 1,761 46,335 3,458 
Provision for loan and lease losses12,955 4,426 65,688 14,539 
Balance at the end of the period$155,561 $51,053 $155,561 $51,053 
Leases
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)2021202020212020
Balance at beginning of the period$128,736 $149,283 $144,176 $56,379 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle— — — 79,829 
Loan and lease charge-offs (1)
Multi-family— — 1,132 — 
Commercial and industrial2 20 637 117 
Commercial real estate owner occupied1 — 142 — 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied— 2,801 — 15,598 
Residential real estate— — 50 — 
Installment7,958 8,304 20,645 14,550 
Total charge-offs7,961 11,125 22,606 30,265 
Loan and lease recoveries (1)
Commercial and industrial285 25 545 79 
Commercial real estate owner occupied2 2 9 5 
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied59 — 69 — 
Construction114 113 119 116 
Residential real estate12 26 22 55 
Installment898 635 2,730 975 
Total recoveries1,370 801 3,494 1,230 
Total net charge-offs6,591 10,324 19,112 29,035 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases3,291 20,946 372 52,732 
Balance at the end of the period$125,436 $159,905 $125,436 $159,905 
(1)Charge-offs and recoveries on PCD loans that are accounted for in pools are recognized on a net basis when the pool matures.
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The ACL is based on a quarterly evaluation of the loan and lease portfolio and is maintained at a level that management considers adequate to absorb expected lifetime credit losses as of the balance sheet date. All commercial loans, with the exception of PPP loans and commercial mortgage warehouse loans, which are reported at fair value, are assigned internal credit-risk ratings, based upon an assessment of the borrower, the structure of the transaction and the available collateral and/or guarantees. All loans and leases are monitored regularly by the responsible officer, and the risk ratings are adjusted when considered appropriate. The risk assessment allows management to identify problem loans and leases timely. Management considers a variety of factors and recognizes the inherent risk of loss that always exists in the lending process. Management uses a disciplined methodology to estimate an appropriate level of ACL. Refer to Critical Accounting Policies herein and NOTE"NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION" to Customers' interim unaudited consolidated financial statements, for Customers' adoption of CECL, also, refer to NOTE"NOTE 2 –
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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION" to Customers' audited consolidated financial statements in its 20192020 Form 10-K for further discussion on management's prior incurred loss methodology for estimating the ALLL.ACL.
Approximately 67%63% of Customers' commercial real estate, commercial and residential construction, consumer residential and commercial and industrial loan types have real estate as collateral (collectively, “the real estate portfolio”), primarily in the form of a first lien position. Current appraisals providing current value estimates of the property are received when Customers' credit group determines that the facts and circumstances have significantly changed since the date of the last appraisal, including that real estate values have deteriorated. The credit committee and loan officers review loans that are 15 or more days delinquent and all non-accrual loans on a periodic basis. In addition, loans where the loan officers have identified a “borrower of interest” are discussed to determine if additional analysis is necessary to apply the risk-rating criteria properly. The risk ratings for the real estate loan portfolio are determined based upon the current information available, including but not limited to discussions with the borrower, updated financial information, economic conditions within the geographic area and other factors that may affect the cash flow of the loan. If a loan is individually evaluated for impairment, the collateral value or discounted cash flow analysis is generally used to determine the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, net of estimated selling costs, and compared to the outstanding loan balance to determine the amount of reserve necessary, if any. Appraisals used in this evaluation process are typically less than two years aged. For loans where real estate is not the primary source of collateral, updated financial information is obtained, including accounts receivable and inventory aging reports and relevant supplemental financial data to estimate the fair value of the loan, net of estimated selling costs, and compared to the outstanding loan balance to estimate the required reserve.
These impairment measurements are inherently subjective as they require material estimates, including, among others, estimates of property values in appraisals, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on individual loans, and general considerations for historical loss experience, economic conditions, uncertainties in estimating losses and inherent risks in the various credit portfolios, all of which require judgment and may be susceptible to significant change over time and as a result of changing economic conditions or other factors. Pursuant to ASC 326, individually assessed loans, consisting primarily of non-accrual and restructured loans, are considered in the methodology for determining the ACL. Individually assessed loans are generally evaluated based on the expected future cash flows or the fair value of the underlying collateral (less estimated costs to sell) if principal repayment is expected to come from the operation or sale of such collateral. Shortfalls in the underlying collateral value for loans or leases determined to be collateral dependent are charged off immediately. Subsequent to an appraisal or other fair value estimate, management will assess whether there was a further decline in the value of the collateral based on changes in market conditions or property use that would require additional impairment to be recorded to reflect the particular situation, thereby increasing the ACL on loans and leases.
Asset Quality
Customers segments the loan and lease receivables by loan product or other characteristic generally defining a shared characteristic with other loans in the same group. Charge-offs from originated and acquired loans and leases are absorbed by the ACL. TheSection 4013 of the CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, gives entities temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs. In addition, on April 7, 2020, certain regulatory banking agencies recently issued guidance stating certainan interagency statement that offers practical expedients for evaluating whether loan modifications in response to borrowers experiencing financial distress as a result of the economic impacts created by COVID-19 may not be required to be treated as TDRs under U.S GAAP.pandemic are TDRs. For COVID-19 related loan modifications which met the loan modification criteria under either the CARES Act, as amended, or the criteria specified by the regulatory agencies, Customers elected to suspend TDR accounting for such loan modifications. At SeptemberJune 30, 2021, commercial and consumer deferments related to COVID-19 were $89.8 million and $8.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, commercial and consumer deferments related to COVID-19 were $79$202.1 million and $25$16.4 million, respectively. The schedule that follows includes both loans held for sale and loans held for investment. As of September 30, 2020, Customers had $198.5 million ofno pending commercial loan deferment requests.requests as of June 30, 2021.
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Asset Quality at SeptemberJune 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesCurrent30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingNon-accrual/NPL (a)OREO (b)NPA (a)+(b)NPL to Loan and Lease Type (%)NPA to Loans and Leases + OREO (%)
Loan and Lease Type 
Multi-family$1,950,300 $1,926,658 $11,932 $— $11,710 $— $11,710 0.60 %0.60 %
Commercial & industrial (1)
2,220,715 2,210,493 589 — 9,633 — 9,633 0.43 %0.43 %
Commercial real estate owner occupied557,595 553,996 — — 3,599 — 3,599 0.65 %0.65 %
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,215,516 1,213,108 — — 2,408 — 2,408 0.20 %0.20 %
Construction122,963 122,963 — — — — — — %— %
Total commercial loans and leases receivable6,067,089 6,027,218 12,521 — 27,350 — 27,350 0.45 %0.45 %
Residential335,452 321,472 3,346 — 10,634 35 10,669 3.17 %3.18 %
Manufactured housing64,638 58,784 1,391 1,685 2,778 96 2,874 4.30 %4.44 %
Installment1,233,713 1,220,525 10,070 — 3,118 — 3,118 0.25 %0.25 %
Total consumer loans receivable1,633,803 1,600,781 14,807 1,685 16,530 131 16,661 1.01 %1.02 %
Loans and leases receivable (1)
7,700,892 7,627,999 27,328 1,685 43,880 131 44,011 0.57 %0.57 %
Loans receivable, PPP4,964,105 4,964,105 — — — — — — %— %
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value3,913,593 3,913,593 — — — — — 
Total loans held for sale26,689 6,998 — — 19,691 — 19,691 73.78 %73.78 %
Total portfolio$16,605,279 $16,512,695 $27,328 $1,685 $63,571 $131 $63,702 0.38 %0.38 %
2021
(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesCurrent30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingNon-accrual/NPL (a)OREO (b)NPA (a)+(b)NPL to Loan and Lease Type (%)NPA to Loans and Leases + OREO (%)
Loan and Lease Type 
Multi-family$1,497,485 $1,475,890 $— $— $21,595 $— $21,595 1.44 %1.44 %
Commercial & industrial2,360,656 2,352,618 1,321 — 6,717 276 6,993 0.28 %0.30 %
Commercial real estate owner occupied653,649 650,961 — — 2,688 — 2,688 0.41 %0.41 %
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,206,646 1,206,634 12 — — — — — %— %
Construction179,198 179,198 — — — — — — %— %
Total commercial loans and leases receivable5,897,634 5,865,301 1,333 — 31,000 276 31,276 0.53 %0.53 %
Residential266,911 257,347 573 — 8,991 35 9,026 3.37 %3.38 %
Manufactured housing57,904 51,107 1,625 1,933 3,239 156 3,395 5.59 %5.85 %
Installment1,549,693 1,538,845 8,120 — 2,728 — 2,728 0.18 %0.18 %
Total consumer loans receivable1,874,508 1,847,299 10,318 1,933 14,958 191 15,149 0.80 %0.81 %
Loans and leases receivable (1)
7,772,142 7,712,600 11,651 1,933 45,958 467 46,425 0.59 %0.60 %
Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 6,305,056 — — — — — — %— %
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value2,855,284 2,855,284 — — — — — — %— %
Total loans held for sale34,540 34,011 22 — 507 — 507 1.47 %1.47 %
Total portfolio$16,967,022 $16,906,951 $11,673 $1,933 $46,465 $467 $46,932 0.27 %0.28 %

Asset Quality at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 (continued)
(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesNon-accrual / NPLACLReserves to Loans and Leases (%)Reserves to NPLs (%)
Loan and Lease Type
Multi-family$1,950,300 $11,710 $15,026 0.77 %128.32 %
Commercial & industrial2,220,715 9,633 12,926 0.58 %134.18 %
Commercial real estate owner occupied557,595 3,599 9,552 1.71 %265.41 %
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,215,516 2,408 20,200 1.66 %838.87 %
Construction122,963 — 6,423 5.22 %— %
Total commercial loans and leases receivable6,067,089 27,350 64,127 1.06 %234.47 %
Residential335,452 10,634 4,649 1.39 %43.72 %
Manufactured housing64,638 2,778 5,625 8.70 %202.48 %
Installment1,233,713 3,118 81,160 6.58 %2602.95 %
Total consumer loans receivable1,633,803 16,530 91,434 5.60 %553.14 %
Loans and leases receivable (1)
7,700,892 43,880 155,561 2.02 %354.51 %
Loans receivable, PPP4,964,105 — — — %— %
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value3,913,593 — — 
Total loans held for sale26,689 19,691 — — %— %
Total portfolio$16,605,279 $63,571 $155,561 0.94 %244.70 %
(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesNon-accrual / NPLACLReserves to Loans and Leases (%)Reserves to NPLs (%)
Loan and Lease Type
Multi-family$1,497,485 $21,595 $5,028 0.34 %23.28 %
Commercial & industrial2,360,656 6,717 8,127 0.34 %120.99 %
Commercial real estate owner occupied653,649 2,688 4,464 0.68 %166.07 %
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied1,206,646 — 7,374 0.61 %— %
Construction179,198 — 2,643 1.47 %— %
Total commercial loans and leases receivable5,897,634 31,000 27,636 0.47 %89.15 %
Residential266,911 8,991 2,299 0.86 %25.57 %
Manufactured housing57,904 3,239 4,372 7.55 %134.98 %
Installment1,549,693 2,728 91,129 5.88 %3,340.51 %
Total consumer loans receivable1,874,508 14,958 97,800 5.22 %653.83 %
Loans and leases receivable (1)
7,772,142 45,958 125,436 1.61 %272.94 %
Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 — — — %— %
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value2,855,284 — — — %— %
Total loans held for sale34,540 507 — — %— %
Total portfolio$16,967,022 $46,465 $125,436 0.74 %269.96 %
(1) Excluding loans receivable, PPP from total loans and leases receivable is a non-GAAP measure. Management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing Customers' financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities. Please refer to the reconciliation schedules that follow this table.

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Customers’Customers' asset quality table contains non-GAAP financial measures calculated using non-GAAP amounts. These measures allwhich exclude loans receivable, PPP from their calculations. Management uses these non-GAAP measures to present the current period presentation to historical periods in prior filings. In addition, management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing the Customers’Customers' financial results. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities.
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A reconciliation of loans and leases receivable, excluding loans receivable, PPP and other related amounts, at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, are set forth below.
(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesCurrent30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingNon-accrual/NPL (a)OREO (b)NPA (a)+(b)NPL to Loan and Lease Type (%)NPA to Loans and Leases + OREO (%)
Loans and leases receivable (GAAP)$16,967,022 $16,906,951 $11,673 $1,933 $46,465 $467 $46,932 0.27 %0.28 %
Less: Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 6,305,056 — — — — — — %— %
Loans receivable, excluding loans receivable, PPP (Non-GAAP)$10,661,966 $10,601,895 $11,673 $1,933 $46,465 $467 $46,932 0.44 %0.44 %

(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesCurrent30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingNon-accrual/NPL (a)OREO (b)NPA (a)+(b)NPL to Loan and Lease Type (%)NPA to Loans and Leases + OREO (%)
Loans and leases receivable (GAAP)$12,664,997 $12,592,104 $27,328 $1,685 $43,880 $131 $44,011 0.35 %0.35 %
Less: Loans receivable, PPP4,964,105 4,964,105 — — — — — — %— %
Loans receivable, excluding loans receivable, PPP (Non-GAAP)$7,700,892 $7,627,999 $27,328 $1,685 $43,880 $131 $44,011 0.57 %0.57 %

(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesNon-accrual / NPLACLReserves to Loans and Leases (%)Reserves to NPLs (%)
Loans and leases receivable (GAAP)$12,664,997 $43,880 $155,561 1.23 %354.51 %
Less: Loans receivable, PPP4,964,105 — — — %— %
Loans receivable, excluding loans receivable, PPP (Non-GAAP)$7,700,892 $43,880 $155,561 2.02 %354.51 %

(dollars in thousands)Total Loans and LeasesNon-accrual / NPLACLReserves to Loans and Leases (%)Reserves to NPLs (%)
Loans and leases receivable (GAAP)$16,967,022 $46,465 $125,436 0.74 %269.96 %
Less: Loans receivable, PPP6,305,056 — — — %— %
Loans receivable, excluding loans receivable, PPP (Non-GAAP)$10,661,966 $46,465 $125,436 1.18 %269.96 %
The total loan and lease portfolio was $16.6$17.0 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to $10.1$15.8 billion at December 31, 20192020, and $63.6$46.5 million, or 0.38%0.27% of loans and leases, were non-performing at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 compared to $21.3$70.5 million, or 0.21%0.45% of loans and leases, at December 31, 2019.2020. The loan and lease portfolio was supported by an ACL of $155.6$125.4 million (244.70%(269.96% of NPLs and 0.94%0.74% of total loans and leases) and $56.5$144.2 million (264.67%(204.48% of NPLs and 0.56%0.91% of total loans and leases), at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.


DEPOSITS

Customers offers a variety of deposit accounts, including checking, savings, MMDA, and time deposits. Deposits are primarily obtained from Customers' geographic service area and nationwide through branchless digital banking, our white label relationship, deposit brokers, listing services and other relationships.

The components of deposits were as follows at the dates indicated:
(dollars in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019Change% Change
Demand, non-interest bearing$2,327,017 $1,343,391 $983,626 73.2 %
Demand, interest bearing2,308,627 1,235,292 1,073,335 86.9 %
Savings, including MMDA5,231,007 4,401,719 829,288 18.8 %
Non-time deposits9,866,651 6,980,402 2,886,249 41.3 %
Time, $100,000 and over466,860 402,161 64,699 16.1 %
Time, other505,566 1,266,373 (760,807)(60.1)%
Time deposits972,426 1,668,534 (696,108)(41.7)%
Total deposits$10,839,077 $8,648,936 $2,190,141 25.3 %

(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020Change% Change
Demand, non-interest bearing$2,699,869 $2,356,998 $342,871 14.5 %
Demand, interest bearing4,206,355 2,384,691 1,821,664 76.4 %
Savings, including MMDA6,340,565 5,916,309 424,256 7.2 %
Non-time deposits13,246,789 10,657,998 2,588,791 24.3 %
Time, $100,000 and over501,213 470,923 30,290 6.4 %
Time, other125,937 181,008 (55,071)(30.4)%
Time deposits627,150 651,931 (24,781)(3.8)%
Total deposits$13,873,939 $11,309,929 $2,564,010 22.7 %
Total deposits were $10.8$13.9 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, an increase of $2.2$2.6 billion, or 25.3%22.7%, from $8.6$11.3 billion at December 31, 2019.2020. Non-time deposits increased by $2.9$2.6 billion, or 41.3%24.3%, to $9.9$13.2 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, from $7.0$10.7 billion at December 31, 2019.2020. This increase primarily resulted from Customers' initiative to improve its net interest margin by expanding its sources of lower-cost funding. These efforts led to increases in non-interest bearing demand deposits of $1.0 billion$342.9 million and interest bearing demand deposits of
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$1.1 $1.8 billion. Savings, including MMDA increased $0.8 billion,$424.3 million, or 18.8%7.2%, to $5.2$6.3 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, from $4.4$5.9 billion at December 31, 2019.2020. Time deposits decreased $0.7 billion,$24.8 million, or 41.7%3.8%, to $1.0 billion$627.2 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, from $1.7 billion$651.9 million at December 31, 2019.2020.
At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, the Bank had $1.1$0.9 billion in state and municipal deposits to which it had pledged $1.1$0.9 billion of available borrowing capacity through the FHLB to the depositor through a letter of credit arrangement.

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FHLB ADVANCES AND OTHER BORROWINGS
Borrowed funds from various sources are generally used to supplement deposit growth and meet other operating needs. Customers' borrowings include short-term and long-term advances from the FHLB, FRB, including from the PPPLF, federal funds purchased, senior unsecured notes and subordinated debt. Subordinated debt is also considered as Tier 2 capital for certain regulatory calculations.
Short-term debt
Short-term debt at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 was as follows:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019 June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate
FHLB advancesFHLB advances$850,000 1.24 %$500,000 2.15 %FHLB advances$— — %$850,000 1.19 %
Federal funds purchasedFederal funds purchased680,000 0.14 %538,000 1.60 %Federal funds purchased— — %250,000 0.09 %
Total short-term debtTotal short-term debt$1,530,000 $1,038,000 Total short-term debt$— $1,100,000 

During the three months ended June 30, 2021, Customers repaid FHLB advances and federal funds purchased due to sufficient liquidity.
Long-term debt
FHLB and FRB Advances
Long-term FHLB and FRB advances at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020 was as follows:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate
FHLB advances$— — %$350,000 2.36 %
FRB PPP Liquidity Facility advances4,811,009 0.35 %— — %
Total long-term FHLB and FRB advances$4,811,009 $350,000 

June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)AmountRateAmountRate
FRB PPP Liquidity Facility advances$3,865,865 0.35 %$4,415,016 0.35 %
Total long-term FHLB and FRB advances$3,865,865 $4,415,016 
Beginning in second quarter 2020, Customers began participating in the PPPLF, in which Federal Reserve Banks extend non-recourse loans to institutions that are eligible to make PPP loans. Only PPP loans that are guaranteed by the SBA under the PPP, with respect to both principal and interest that are originated or purchased by an eligible institution, may pledgebe pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve Banks.

The maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB and FRB at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 was as follows:

(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLBTotal maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB$2,851,496 $3,445,416 Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB$2,387,172 $2,729,516 
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB (1)
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB (1)
214,766 136,842 
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB (1)
197,894 223,299 
Qualifying loans serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB advances (1)
Qualifying loans serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB advances (1)
4,092,732 4,496,983 
Qualifying loans serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB advances (1)
3,156,850 3,363,364 
(1) Amounts reported in the above table exclude borrowings under the PPPLF, which are limited to the face value of the loans originated under the PPP. At SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, Customers had $4.8$3.9 billion of borrowings under the PPPLF, with a borrowing capacity of up to $5.0$6.3 billion, which is the remaining face value (following forgiveness) of the qualifying loans Customers has originated under the PPP. At December 31, 2020, Customers had $4.4 billion of borrowings under the PPPLF.
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Senior Notes and Subordinated Debt
Long-term senior notes and subordinated debt at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 were as follows:

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Issued byRankingAmountAmountRateIssued AmountDate IssuedMaturityPrice
Customers BancorpSenior$24,522 $24,432 4.500 %$25,000 September 2019September 2024100.000 %
Customers BancorpSenior99,413 99,198 3.950 %100,000 June 2017June 202299.775 %
Total other borrowings123,935 123,630 
Customers Bancorp
Subordinated (1)(2)
72,176 72,040 5.375 %74,750 December 2019December 2034100.000 %
Customers Bank
Subordinated (1)(3)
109,148 109,075 6.125 %110,000 June 2014June 2029100.000 %
Total subordinated debt$181,324 $181,115 

June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Issued byRankingAmountAmountRateIssued AmountDate IssuedMaturityPrice
Customers BancorpSenior$24,612 $24,552 4.500 %$25,000 September 2019September 2024100.000 %
Customers BancorpSenior99,629 99,485 3.950 %100,000 June 2017June 202299.775 %
Total other borrowings$124,241 $124,037 
Customers Bancorp
Subordinated (1)(2)
$72,313 $72,222 5.375 %$74,750 December 2019December 2034100.000 %
Customers Bank
Subordinated (1)(3)
109,221 109,172 6.125 %110,000 June 2014June 2029100.000 %
Total subordinated debt$181,534 $181,394 
(1)The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.
(2)Customers Bancorp has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after December 30, 2029.
(3)The subordinated notes will bear an annual fixed rate of 6.125% until June 26, 2024. From June 26, 2024 until maturity, the notes will bear an annual interest rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 344.3 basis points. Customers Bank has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after June 26, 2024.


SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

The components of shareholders' equity were as follows at the dates indicated:
(dollars in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019Change% Change
Preferred stock$217,471 $217,471 $— — %
Common stock32,836 32,617 219 0.7 %
Additional paid in capital452,965 444,218 8,747 2.0 %
Retained earnings385,750 381,519 4,231 1.1 %
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(15,751)(1,250)(14,501)1,160.1 %
Treasury stock(21,780)(21,780)— — %
Total shareholders' equity$1,051,491 $1,052,795 $(1,304)(0.1)%

(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020Change% Change
Preferred stock$217,471 $217,471 $— — %
Common stock33,634 32,986 648 2.0 %
Additional paid in capital519,294 455,592 63,702 14.0 %
Retained earnings496,844 438,581 58,263 13.3 %
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net5,266 (5,764)11,030 (191.4)%
Treasury stock(21,780)(21,780)— — %
Total shareholders' equity$1,250,729 $1,117,086 $133,643 12.0 %
Shareholders’ equity decreased $1.3increased $133.6 million, or 0.1%12.0%, to $1.1$1.3 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 when compared to shareholders' equity of $1.1 billion at December 31, 2019.2020. The decreaseincrease primarily resulted from an increase of $14.5 million in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net, partially offset by increases of $8.7$63.7 million in additional paid in capital, and $4.2$58.3 million in retained earnings.earnings, and $11.0 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net.
The increase in additional paid in capital resulted from the sale of BMT that was accounted for as a sale of non-controlling interest and the merger between BMT and MFAC was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of $31.9 million, merger related expense of $19.6 million in the form of restricted stock awards in BM Technologies' common stock to certain team members of BMT, $7.9 million from share-based compensation expense, and $4.3 million from the issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
The increase in retained earnings resulted from net income of $97.9 million, offset in part by $6.7 million in preferred stock dividends and $33.0 million of special dividends in connection with the divestiture of BMT. Upon closing of the divestiture, Customers received cash consideration of $23.1 million and holders of Customers common stock who held their Customers shares as of the close of business on December 18, 2020 became entitled to receive an aggregate of 4,876,387 shares of BM Technologies' common stock. Customers distributed 0.15389 shares of BM Technologies common stock for each share of Customers common stock held as of the close of business on December 18, 2020 as special dividends. No fractional shares of BMT common stock were issued; fractional share otherwise issuable were rounded to the nearest whole share. Customers received $3.7 million of additional cash consideration in May 2021.
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The increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss,income (loss), net primarily resulted from a declinean increase of $12.3 million and income tax effect of $3.2 million in the fair value of cash flow hedges due to changes in market interest rates and reclassification of $27.0 million in losses and income tax effect of $7.0 million from the termination of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions that are deemed no longer probable of occurring during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, partially offset by an increasereclassification of $25.4 million in gains and income tax effect of $6.6 million resulting from the fair valuesales of available for saleAFS debt securities due to the timing of purchases and changes in market interest rates during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020. The increase in additional paid in capital resulted primarily from the issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in retained earnings primarily resulted from net income of $76.3 million, partially offset by the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, which reduced retained earnings by $61.5 million, and $10.6 million in preferred stock dividends.

2021.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity for a financial institution is a measure of that institution’s ability to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan and lease commitments, and for other operating purposes. Ensuring adequate liquidity is an objective of the asset/liability management process. Customers coordinates its management of liquidity with its interest rate sensitivity and capital position, and strives to maintain a strong liquidity position.
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Customers' investment portfolio provides periodic cash flows through regular maturities and amortization and can be used as collateral to secure additional funding. Customers' principal sources of funds are deposits, borrowings, principal and interest payments on loans and leases, other funds from operations, and proceeds from common and preferred stock issuances. Borrowing arrangements are maintained with the FHLB and the FRB to meet short-term liquidity needs. Longer-term borrowing arrangements are also maintained with the FHLB and FRB. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021, Customers' borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $2.4 billion, and $0.9 billion of available capacity was utilized to collateralize state and municipal deposits. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, Customers repaid FHLB advances and federal funds purchased due to sufficient liquidity. As of December 31, 2020, Customers' borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $2.9$2.7 billion, of which $0.9 billion was utilized in borrowings and $1.1$1.2 billion of available capacity was utilized to collateralize state and municipal deposits. As of December 31, 2019, Customers' borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $3.4 billion, of which $0.9 billion was utilized in borrowings and $1.4 billion of available capacity was utilized to collateralize state and municipal deposits. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Customers' borrowing capacity with the FRB was $214.8$197.9 million and $136.8$223.3 million, respectively.
Beginning in second quarter 2020, Customers began participating in the PPPLF, in which Federal Reserve Banks extend non-recourse loans to institutions that are eligible to make PPP loans. Only PPP loans that are guaranteed by the SBA under the PPP, with respect to both principal and interest that are originated or purchased by an eligible institution, may be pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve Banks. As of June 30, 2021, Customers had $3.9 billion in borrowings under the PPPLF.
On January 4, 2021, Customers Bancorp completed the previously announced divestiture of BMT. BMT's operating results and associated cash flows have been presented as "Discontinued operations" within the consolidated financial statements and prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. The table below summarizes Customers' cash flows from continuing operations for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019:2020:
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(amounts in thousands)20202019Change% Change
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$73,468 $34,683 $38,785 111.8 %
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(7,086,538)(1,665,534)(5,421,004)325.5 %
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities7,131,981 1,750,934 5,381,047 307.3 %
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$118,911 $120,083 $(1,172)(1.0)%

Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)20212020Change% Change
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operating activities$289,325 $39,805 $249,520 626.9 %
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing investing activities(1,469,817)(5,375,723)3,905,906 (72.7)%
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing financing activities940,429 6,191,020 (5,250,591)(84.8)%
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations$(240,063)$855,102 $(1,095,165)(128.1)%
Cash flows provided by (used in) continuing operating activities
Cash provided by continuing operating activities of $73.5$289.3 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 primarily2021 resulted from an increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities of $81.6$115.1 million, net income from continuing operations of $76.3$136.0 million, a decrease of $55.8 million in accrued interest receivable and other assets, partially offset by net non-cash operating adjustments of $17.6 million.
Cash provided by continuing operating activities of $39.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from an increase of $81.8 million in accrued interest payable and other liabilities, net income from continuing operations of $33.4 million, and net non-cash operating activitiesadjustments of $38.4 million, partially offset by an increase of $124.4 million in accrued interest receivable and other assets.assets of $113.8 million.
Cash provided by operating activities
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Table of $34.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from net income of $51.8 million, non-cash operating adjustments of $46.9 million, and an increase of $15.3 million in accrued interest payable and other liabilities, partially offset by an increase of $79.3 million in accrued interest receivable and other assets.Contents
Cash flows provided by (used in) continuing investing activities
Cash used in continuing investing activities of $7.1$1.5 billion for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 primarily resulted from a net increase in loans and leases, excluding mortgage warehouse loans of $1.3 billion primarily from PPP loan originations, purchases of loans of $737.3 million, purchases of investment securities available for sale of $890.2 million and purchases of bank-owned life insurance of $46.5 million, partially offset by proceeds from net repayments of mortgage warehouse loans of $763.2 million, proceeds from sales of loans and leases of $130.5 million, proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale of $407.6 million, proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal repayments of investment securities of $172.8 million and net proceeds from sale of FHLB, FRB, and other restricted stock of $31.5 million.
Cash used in continuing investing activities of $5.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily resulted from a net increase in loans and leases, excluding mortgage warehouse loans of $4.7$4.5 billion primarily related to PPP loan originations, net originations of mortgage warehouse loans of $1.7 billion, purchases of loans of $226.5$540.9 million, and purchases of investment securities available for sale of $1.0 billion,$280.4 million, and purchases of loans of $211.1 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale of $377.8$109.2 million and proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments onof investment securities of $156.8 million.
Cash used in investing activities of $1.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily resulted from net originations of mortgage warehouse loans of $1.1 billion and purchases of loans of $636.4 million, partially offset by proceeds from sale of investment securities available for sale of $97.6$78.5 million.
Cash flows provided by (used in) continuing financing activities
Cash provided by continuing financing activities of $7.1$940.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 primarily resulted from net increases in deposits of $2.6 billion, partially offset by decreases in short-term borrowed funds from the FHLB and federal funds purchased of $1.1 billion and a net decrease in long-term borrowed funds from the PPPLF of $549.2 million primarily from the forgiveness of PPP loans from the first two rounds.
Cash provided by continuing financing activities of $6.2 billion for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 primarily resulted from net increases in long-term borrowed funds from the FRBPPPLF of $4.8$4.4 billion primarily to finance the PPP loan originations, and deposits of $2.2$2.3 billion, andpartially offset by a net increasedecrease in federal funds purchased of $142.0$538.0 million.
Cash provided by financing activities of $1.8 billionflows from discontinued operations
The table below summarizes Customers' cash flows from discontinued operations for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 primarily resulted from an increase in deposits of $1.8 billion, proceeds from long-term FHLB borrowings of $350.0 million,2021 and federal funds purchased of $186.0 million, partially offset by repayments of short-term borrowed funds from the FHLB of $557.3 million, and preferred stock dividends paid of $10.8 million.2020:
Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)20212020Change% Change
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operating activities$(22,791)$(329)$(22,462)6,827.4 %
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued investing activities— 52 (52)(100.0)%
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations$(22,791)$(277)$(22,514)8,127.8 %

Cash flows provided by (used in) discontinued operating activities
Cash used in discontinued operating activities of $22.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 resulted from a net loss of $38.0 million and a decrease in accrued interest payable and other liabilities of $40.7 million, offset in part by non-cash operating activities of $20.3 million and a decrease in other assets of $35.6 million.
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In connection with the divestiture, Customers has also entered into various agreements with BM Technologies, including a transition services agreement, software license agreement, deposit servicing agreement, non-competition agreement and loan agreement for periods ranging from one to ten years. For additional information refer to "NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS" to Customers' unaudited consolidated financial statements.
CAPITAL ADEQUACY

The Bank and Customers Bancorp are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Customers' financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank and Bancorp must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under the regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
In first quarter 2020, U.S federal banking regulatory agencies permitted banking organizations to phase-in, for regulatory capital purposes, the day-one impact of the new CECL accounting rule on retained earnings over a period of three years. As part of its response to the impact of COVID-19, on March 31, 2020, the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that provided the option to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period. The interim final rule allows banking organizations to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. Customers has elected to adopt the interim final rule, which is reflected in the regulatory capital data presented below.
In April 2020, the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that permits banks to exclude the impact of participating in the SBA PPP program in their regulatory capital ratios. Specifically, PPP loans are zero percent risk weighted and a bank can exclude all PPP loans pledged as collateral to the PPPLF from its average total consolidated assets for purposes of calculating the Tier 1 capital to average assets ratio (i.e. leverage ratio). Customers applied this regulatory guidance in the calculation of its regulatory capital ratios presented below.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank and the Bancorp to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital to risk-weighted assets, and Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined in the regulations). At SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Bank and the Bancorp met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.
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Generally, to comply with the regulatory definition of adequately capitalized, or well capitalized, respectively, or to comply with the Basel III capital requirements, an institution must at least maintain the common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total risk-based capital ratios and the Tier 1 leverage ratio in excess of the related minimum ratios set forth in the following table:
Minimum Capital Levels to be Classified as:
 ActualAdequately CapitalizedWell CapitalizedBasel III Compliant
(dollars in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of September 30, 2020:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$902,174 7.488 %$542,199 4.500 %N/AN/A$843,420 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,217,159 10.120 %$541,217 4.500 %$781,757 6.500 %$841,892 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,119,645 9.293 %$722,932 6.000 %N/AN/A$1,024,153 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,217,159 10.120 %$721,622 6.000 %$962,163 8.000 %$1,022,298 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,361,237 11.298 %$963,909 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,265,130 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,397,059 11.616 %$962,163 8.000 %$1,202,704 10.000 %$1,262,839 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,119,645 8.534 %$524,799 4.000 %N/AN/A$524,799 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,217,159 9.288 %$524,203 4.000 %$655,254 5.000 %$524,203 4.000 %
As of December 31, 2019:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$821,810 7.984 %$463,211 4.500 %N/AN/A$720,551 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,164,652 11.323 %$462,842 4.500 %$668,549 6.500 %$719,976 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,039,281 10.096 %$617,615 6.000 %N/AN/A$874,955 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,164,652 11.323 %$617,122 6.000 %$822,829 8.000 %$874,256 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,256,309 12.205 %$823,487 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,080,827 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,330,155 12.933 %$822,829 8.000 %$1,028,537 10.000 %$1,079,964 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,039,281 9.258 %$449,026 4.000 %N/AN/A$449,026 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,164,652 10.379 %$448,851 4.000 %$561,064 5.000 %$448,851 4.000 %
Minimum Capital Levels to be Classified as:
 ActualAdequately CapitalizedWell CapitalizedBasel III Compliant
(dollars in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of June 30, 2021:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,082,396 9.560 %$509,472 4.500 %N/AN/A$792,512 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,403,324 12.395 %$509,460 4.500 %$735,886 6.500 %$792,493 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,299,867 11.481 %$679,296 6.000 %N/AN/A$962,337 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,403,324 12.395 %$679,279 6.000 %$905,706 8.000 %$962,313 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,502,069 13.267 %$905,729 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,188,769 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,559,161 13.772 %$905,706 8.000 %$1,132,132 10.000 %$1,188,739 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,299,867 8.389 %$619,832 4.000 %N/AN/A$619,832 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,403,324 9.070 %$618,871 4.000 %$773,589 5.000 %$618,871 4.000 %
As of December 31, 2020:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$954,839 8.079 %$531,844 4.500 %N/AN/A$827,312 7.000 %
Customers Bank$1,254,082 10.615 %$531,639 4.500 %$767,923 6.500 %$826,994 7.000 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,172,310 9.919 %$709,125 6.000 %N/AN/A$1,004,594 8.500 %
Customers Bank$1,254,082 10.615 %$708,852 6.000 %$945,136 8.000 %$1,004,207 8.500 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,401,119 11.855 %$945,500 8.000 %N/AN/A$1,240,969 10.500 %
Customers Bank$1,424,791 12.060 %$945,136 8.000 %$1,181,421 10.000 %$1,240,492 10.500 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.$1,172,310 8.597 %$545,485 4.000 %N/AN/A$545,485 4.000 %
Customers Bank$1,254,082 9.208 %$544,758 4.000 %$680,947 5.000 %$544,758 4.000 %
The capital ratios above reflect the capital requirements under "Basel III" adopted effective first quarter 2015 and the capital conservation buffer phased in beginning January 1, 2016. Failure to maintain the required capital conservation buffer will result in limitations on capital distributions and on discretionary bonuses to executive officers. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, the Bank and Customers Bancorp were in compliance with the Basel III requirements. See "NOTE 10 -11 – REGULATORY CAPITAL" to Customers' unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional discussion regarding regulatory capital requirements.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Customers is involved with financial instruments and other commitments with off-balance sheet risks. Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risks are incurred in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of the Bank's customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, including unused portions of lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the balance sheet.
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With commitments to extend credit, exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The same credit policies are used in making commitments and
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conditional obligations as for on-balance sheet instruments. Because they involve credit risk similar to extending a loan and lease, these financial instruments are subject to the Bank’s credit policy and other underwriting standards.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the following off-balance sheet commitments, financial instruments and other arrangements were outstanding:
(amounts in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Commitments to fund loans and leases$246,036 $261,902 
Unfunded commitments to fund mortgage warehouse loans1,303,981 1,378,364 
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit and credit cards917,305 1,065,474 
Letters of credit27,580 48,856 
Other unused commitments2,167 2,736 
(amounts in thousands)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Commitments to fund loans and leases$233,896 $262,153 
Unfunded commitments to fund mortgage warehouse loans2,619,979 1,933,067 
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit and credit cards1,200,497 1,009,031 
Letters of credit24,299 27,166 
Other unused commitments1,061 1,842 
Commitments to fund loans and leases, unfunded commitments to fund mortgage warehouse loans, unfunded commitments under lines of credit, letters of credit, and credit cards are agreements to extend credit to or for the benefit of a customer in the ordinary course of the Bank's business.
Commitments to fund loans and leases and unfunded commitments under lines of credit may be obligations of the Bank as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Because many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if the Bank deems it necessary upon extension of credit, is based upon management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but may include personal or commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.
Mortgage warehouse loan commitments are agreements to fund the pipelines of mortgage banking businesses from closing of individual mortgage loans until their sale into the secondary market. Most of the individual mortgage loans are insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government through one of its programs such as FHA, VA, or are conventional loans eligible for sale to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. These commitments generally fluctuate monthly based on changes in interest rates, refinance activity, new home sales and laws and regulation.
Outstanding letters of credit written are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Letters of credit may obligate the Bank to fund draws under those letters of credit whether or not a customer continues to meet the conditions of the extension of credit. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan and lease facilities to customers.
Customers recognized a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $0.1 million and a credit (benefit) to credit losses of $1.2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 resulting in an ACL of $1.1 million as of June 30, 2021.
Effect of Government Monetary Policies
Our earnings are and will be affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies. An important function of the Federal Reserve Board is to regulate the money supply and interest rates. Among the instruments used to implement those objectives are open market operations in United States government securities and changes in reserve requirements against member bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distribution of bank loans and leases, investments, and deposits, and their use may also affect rates charged on loans and leases or paid for deposits.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The largest component of Customers' net income is net interest income, and the majority of its financial instruments are interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities with various term structures and maturities. One of the primary objectives of management is to optimize net interest income while minimizing interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is derived from timing differences in the repricing of assets and liabilities, loan prepayments, deposit withdrawals and differences in lending and funding rates. Customers' asset/liability committee actively seeks to monitor and control the mix of interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities.
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Customers uses two complementary methods to analyze and measure interest rate sensitivity as part of the overall management of interest rate risk; they are income scenario modeling and estimates of EVE. The combination of these two methods provides a reasonably comprehensive summary of the levels of interest rate risk of Customers' exposure to time factors and changes in interest rate environments.
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Income scenario modeling is used to measure interest rate sensitivity and manage interest rate risk. Income scenario considers not only the impact of changing market interest rates upon forecasted net interest income but also other factors such as yield-curve relationships, the volume and mix of assets and liabilities, customer preferences and general market conditions.
Through the use of income scenario modeling, Customers has estimated the net interest income for the periodstwelve months ending SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, based upon the assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments in existence at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020. Customers has also estimated changes to that estimated net interest income based upon interest rates rising or falling immediately (“rate shocks”). For upward rate shocks modeling a rising rate environment at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, current market interest rates were increased immediately by 100, 200, and 300 basis points. For downward rate shocks modeling a fallingIn the current interest rate environment, current marketparticularly for short term rates, were only decreased immediately bythe Down 100 to Down 300 basis pointspoint scenarios are not shown due to the limitationsunrealistic and/or negative yield nature of the current low interest rate environment that renders the Down 200 and Down 300 rate shocks impractical. The downward rate shocks modeled will be revisited in the future if necessary and will be contingent upon additional Federal Reserve interest rate hikes.results. The following table reflects the estimated percentage change in estimated net interest income for the periodstwelve months ending SeptemberJune 30, 20202022 and December 31, 2019,2021, resulting from changes in interest rates.
Net change in net interest income
% Change
Rate ShocksJune 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Up 3%2.0%(2.7)%
Up 2%2.3%(1.6)%
Up 1%0.6%(0.8)%
% Change
Rate ShocksSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Up 3%8.4%3.3%
Up 2%5.9%2.7%
Up 1%3.2%1.6%
Down 1%1.1%(1.9)%
The net changes in net interest income in all scenarios are within Customers Bank's interest rate risk policy guidelines.
EVE estimates the discounted present value of asset and liability cash flows. Discount rates are based upon market prices for comparable assets and liabilities. Upward and downward rate shocks are used to measure volatility of EVE in relation to a constant rate environment. For upward rate shocks modeling a rising rate environment at SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, current market interest rates were only increased immediately by 100, 200, and 300 basis points. For downward rate shocks modeling a falling rate environment, current market rates were decreased immediately by 100 basis points dueDue to the limitations of the current low interest rate environment, that renders the Down 100, 200 and Down 300 basis point rate shocks impractical.are deemed impractical and not presented below. The downward rate shocks modeled will be revisited in the future if necessary and will be contingent upon additional Federal Reserve interest rate hikes. This method of measurement primarily evaluates the longer term repricing risks and options in Customers Bank’s balance sheet. The following table reflects the estimated EVE at risk and the ratio of EVE to EVE adjusted assets at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, resulting from shocks to interest rates.
From base
Rate ShocksSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Up 3%(15.6)%(5.6)%
Up 2%(9.3)%(2.0)%
Up 1%(4.3)%(1.0)%
Down 1%(1.4)%(1.1)%
The net changes in EVE in all scenarios are within Customers Bank's interest rate risk policy guidelines.
From base
Rate ShocksJune 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Up 3%29.5%(18.9)%
Up 2%25.6%(12.2)%
Up 1%12.7%(6.1)%
Management believes that the assumptions and combination of methods utilized in evaluating estimated net interest income are reasonable. However, the interest rate sensitivity of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments, as well as the estimated effect of changes in interest rates on estimated net interest income, could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or actual experience differs from the assumptions used in the model.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Management's Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this report, Customers Bancorp carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of Customers Bancorp’s management, including Customers Bancorp’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Customers Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based upon the evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Customers Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, there have been no changes in Customers Bancorp's internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Customers Bancorp's internal control over financial reporting.
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The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic during first quarter 2020 necessitated the execution of several Customers Bancorp contingency plans. Beginning in March 2020 and continuing through this filing date, Customers Bancorp had a substantial number of its team members working remotely under such contingency plans. The execution of these contingency plans have not materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Customers' internal control over financial reportingreporting.
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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
For information on Customers' legal proceedings, refer to “NOTE 1514 – LOSS CONTINGENCIES” to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” included within the 2019 Form 10-K, the March 31, 2020 Form 10-Q and the June 30, 2020 Form 10-Q.10-K. There are no material changes from the risk factors included within the 2019 Form 10-K, the March 31, 2020 Form 10-Q and the June 30, 2020 Form 10-Q, other than the risks described below.10-K. The risks described within the 20192020 Form 10-K the March 31, 2020 Form 10-Q, and the June 30, 2020 Form 10-Q and below are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. See “Item 2 -– Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -– Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to the Disposition of BMT to MFAC

The amended agreement relating to BMT's proposed merger with MFAC provides for the issuance directly to our shareholders of the shares issuable by MFAC as part of the merger consideration. The future value of the shares you receive as a result of the merger and your ability to realize the value of your ownership of BM Technologies shares will be subject to a number of risks and challenges.

Our agreement with MFAC relating to the proposed merger of BMT and MFAC has recently been amended to provide that the shares issuable by MFAC in connection with the proposed merger will be issued directly to Customers Bancorp shareholders rather than being issued to and held by us. Ownership of shares of BM Technologies following completion of the merger will involve many of the risks we have previously described in our 2019 Form 10-K and subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020 regarding the business, operations and prospects of our BankMobile business, as well as additional risks relating to the business, operations and prospects of BM Technologies as a stand-alone public company. As a result, the future value of the shares you receive will depend on BM Technologies’ future performance, as well as factors impacting the value of fintech companies generally, conditions in the financial markets and other factors affecting public companies including, but not limited to:

•BankMobile's limited history operating as a separate entity and lack of history operating independently of Customers Bank;
•the experience of BankMobile's management team managing BankMobile, and in managing a public company and the business and financing activities of an organization of BankMobile’s size;
•BankMobile's dependence on key individuals and its ability to identify, recruit and retain skilled sales, management, and technical personnel;
•BankMobile’s ability to continue to successfully implement its strategy, grow adoption and retention rates, and effectively manage future growth;
•BankMobile’s ability to maximize the expected benefits of its partnership with T-Mobile, and successfully maintain its relationship with T-Mobile and continue its white label agreement with respect to T-Mobile MONEY;
•the success of BankMobile's efforts to expand market reach and product portfolio beyond the limited number of products and markets that have been the primary source of its revenue, and its ability to do so in a timely manner;
•BankMobile's ability to address current and increasing competitive factors in the industries in which it will do business, including its ability to innovate or respond to evolving technological changes;.
•the potential negative effects if BankMobile is unable to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting;
•the effect of any changes in the availability of student loans or financial aid, as well as budget constraints, and changes in enrollment rates in traditional (on-campus) and non-traditional (online) institutions of higher education (including as a result of COVID), on demand for BankMobile's services;
•the effect of any changes in the current government financial aid regime that relies on the outsourcing of financial aid disbursements through higher education institutions;
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•the potential adverse effects on BankMobile’s business, financial condition, and results of operations of any termination of, or changes to, the MasterCard association registration;
•the potential adverse effects on BankMobile’s business, financial condition, and results of operations and/or its reputation of breaches of security measures, unauthorized access to or disclosure of data relating to clients, fraudulent activity, and infrastructure failures; and
•the potential adverse effects on BankMobile’s business, financial condition, and results of operations if it is unable to protect or enforce its intellectual property rights or if BankMobile becomes subject to claims that its services or solutions violate the patents or other intellectual property of others, which would be costly and time-consuming to defend.

Although our BankMobile division, as an operating segment of ours, recently became profitable, there can be no assurance that BMT, a component of our BankMobile division, will be profitable following completion of the merger or that BM Technologies will be able to successfully execute its business plan, address competitive conditions in its markets and take other actions necessary to increase its value.

The shares issuable by MFAC will be subject to a contractual restriction on the resale of those shares by Customers Bancorp shareholders for a period of twelve months after the closing of the merger, subject to certain exceptions. As a result, you may not be able to realize the value of shares you receive in the merger through a sale of part or all of those shares during that twelve-month period. In addition, the distribution of the MFAC shares to Customers Bancorp shareholders generally will be taxable to shareholders receiving those shares as a qualified dividend for federal, state and local income tax purposes and, under certain circumstances, also may be subject to "net investment income" tax.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On November 26, 2013,Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Customers Bancorp did not purchase any shares of its common stock during the Bancorp's board of directors authorized athree and six months ended June 30, 2021 pursuant to an existing stock repurchase plan in which the Bancorp could acquire up to 5% of its current outstanding shares not to exceed a 20% premium over the then current book value. On December 11, 2018, the Bancorp's board of directors amended the terms of the 2013 stock repurchase plan to adjust the repurchase terms and book value measurement date such that Customers was authorized to purchase shares of common stock at prices not to exceed the book value per share of Customers' common stock measured as of September 30, 2018. Customers repurchased all remaining authorized shares pursuant to this program in January 2019. Accordingly, there were no common shares repurchased during third quarter 2020.plan.
Dividends on Common Stock
Customers Bancorp historically has not paid any cash dividends on its shares of common stock and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.
Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of Customers Bancorp’s board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including earnings and financial condition, liquidity and capital requirements, the general economic and regulatory climate, ability to service any equity or debt obligations senior to our common stock, including obligations to pay dividends to the holders of Customers Bancorp's issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.
In addition, as a bank holding company, Customers Bancorp is subject to general regulatory restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. Federal bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their business, which, depending on the financial condition and liquidity of the holding company at the time, could include the payment of dividends. Further, various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that bank subsidiaries can pay to their parent holding company without regulatory approval. Generally, subsidiaries are prohibited from paying dividends when doing so would cause them to fall below the regulatory minimum capital levels, and limits exist on paying dividends in excess of net income for specified periods.
Beginning January 1, 2015, the ability to pay dividends and the amounts that can be paid will be limited to the extent the Bank's capital ratios do not exceed the minimum required levels plus 250 basis points, as these requirements were phased in through January 1, 2019.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information

None
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description
2.1
2.2
*
2.22.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
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10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
31.1
31.2
32.1
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32.2
101
The following financial statements from the Customers’ Annual Report on Form 10-Q as of and for the year ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document.
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
* Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule will be furnished to the SEC upon its request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Customers Bancorp, Inc.
November 6, 2020August 9, 2021By: /s/ Jay S. Sidhu
Name: Jay S. Sidhu
Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
November 6, 2020August 9, 2021By: /s/ Carla A. Leibold
Name: Carla A. Leibold
Title: Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

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