UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018

OR

Commission File Number: 001-38022

MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1545 Route 206 South, Suite 302

Bedminster, New Jersey 07921

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

908-443-1860

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.[X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

As of November 10, 2017, 92,950,096May 8, 2018 94,035,562 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, were outstanding.

MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC

FORM 10-Q

Quarter Ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART - I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Matinas BioPharma Holdings Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Matinas BioPharma Holdings Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.

STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY

Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2017

Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE A – Nature of Business

Corporate History

Matinas BioPharma Holdings Inc. (“Holdings”) is a Delaware corporation formed in 2013. Holdings is the parent company of Matinas BioPharma, Inc. (“BioPharma”), and Matinas BioPharma Nanotechnologies, Inc. (“Nanotechnologies,” formerly known as Aquarius Biotechnologies, Inc.), its operating subsidiaries (“Nanotechnologies”, and together with “Holdings” and “BioPharma”, “the Company” or “we” or “our” or “us”). The Company is a development stage biopharmaceutical company with a focus on identifying and developing novel pharmaceutical products.

On January 29, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Nanotechnologies (the “2015 Merger”), a New Jersey-based, early-stage pharmaceutical company focused on the development of differentiated and orally delivered therapeutics based on a proprietary, lipid-based, drug delivery platform called “cochleate delivery technology.” Following the 2015 Merger, we are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on identifying and developing safe and effective broad spectrum antifungal and anti-bacterial therapeutics for the treatment of serious and life-threatening infections, using our innovative lipid-crystal nano-encapsulation drug delivery platform.

On September 13, 2016, the Company completed the closing of an $8.0 million private placement equity financing. The Company sold to accredited investors an aggregate of 1,600,000 Series A Preferred Shares at a purchase price of $5.00 per share resulting in net proceeds of approximately $6.9 million. Each Series A Preferred Share is convertible into ten shares of common stock based on the current conversion price. For a detailed discussion of this transaction see Note F.

On January 13, 2017, the Company completed its tender offer to amend and exercise certain categories of existing warrants. Pursuant to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, an aggregate of 30,966,350 warrants were tendered by their holders and were amended and exercised in connection herewith. The gross cash proceeds from such exercises were approximately $13.5 million and the net cash proceeds after deducting warrant solicitation agent fees and other estimated offering expenses were approximately $12.7 million. For a detailed discussion of this transaction see Note D.

NOTE B – Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations each period since its inception. Through September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $47.6$55.4 million and cash used in operations of $2.8 million. The Company’s operations have been financed primarily through the sale of equity securities. The Company’s net loss for the nine monthsquarter ended September 30, 2017 and 2016March 31, 2018 was approximately $11.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively.$4.1. As a result, substantial doubt exists about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company has been engaged in developing its lipid nano-crystal (“LNC”) platform delivery technology and a pipeline of product candidates since 2011. To date, the Company has not obtained regulatory approval for any of its product candidates nor generated any revenue from products and the Company expects to incur significant expenses to complete development of its product candidates. The Company may never be able to obtain regulatory approval for the marketing of any of its product candidates in any indication in the United States or internationally and there can be no assurance that the Company will generate revenues or ever achieve profitability.

Assuming the Company obtains FDA approval for one or more of its product candidates, which the Company does not expect to receive until 20222023 at the earliest, the Company expects that its expenses will continue to increase once the Company reaches commercial launch. The Company also expects that its research and development expenses will continue to increase as it moves forward with additional clinical studies for its current product candidates and developing additional product candidates. As a result, the Company expects to continue to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future, and that these losses will be increasing.

To continue to fund its continued losses,operations, on January 13, 2017, the Company completed a warrant tender offer, with gross cash proceeds of $13.5 million and net proceeds of approximately $12.7 million (see Footnote ED for additional details). Additionally in April 2017, the Company has entered into a Controlled Equity Offering^SMSales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. “Cantor” ( see Footnote C), which allows the Company, subject to certain limited restrictions and daily sales limits, to sell shares of common stock having an offering price of up to $30 million. Through October 19, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company has sold approximately 871 thousand871,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Controlled Equity Offering^SMSales Agreement with Cantor raising over $1.1 million (see footnote C).

million.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $ 9.0$4.3 million. We believe the cash and cash equivalents on hand are sufficient to fund planned operations through Mayinto September 2018.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon control over our operating expenses, anticipated proceeds from future sales of our common stock through the Controlled Equity Offering and securing additional financing. While the Company believes in the viability of itsthis three prong strategy, to raise additional funds, and believes that the actions presently being taken by the Company provide the opportunity for it to continue as a going concern, there can be no assurance that anythe Company will be successful in its implementation. In particular, the utilization of the Controlled Equity Offering may not be viable due to market condition and new financing willmay not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

NOTE C – Controlled Equity Offering

On April 28, 2017, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering^SMSales Agreement, or sales agreement, with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., or “Cantor”, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $30.0 million. Cantor Fitzgerald will be acting as sales agent and be paid a 3% commission on each sale.

As of September 30, 2017, the Company has sold approximately 506 thousand shares raising over $.6 million. From September 30, 2017 to filing approximately 365 thousand shares have been sold raising approximately $.5 million.

Through an internal Pricing Committee, the Company at various times, will establish selling criteria with Cantor based on minimum pricing and share volume. This criteria is based on the judgement of the Pricing Committee, there are no contractual minimums with regards to price or volume in the Sales Agreement.

NOTE D –- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Holdings and its wholly owned subsidiaries, BioPharma Inc., and Nanotechnologies, the operational subsidiaries of Holdings. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These interim unaudited financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, which are included in the Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2017.16, 2018. In the opinion of management, the interim unaudited financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data presented for comparative purposes was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

Operating results for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future interim periods or for the year ending December 31, 2017.2018. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note C to the consolidatedThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the 2016 Form 10-K. Duringreported amounts of assets and liabilities at the nine months ended September 30, 2017, there were no significant updates madedate of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain accounting principles require subjective and complex judgments to be used in the Company’s significant accounting policies.preparation of financial statements. Accordingly, a different financial presentation could result depending on the judgments, estimates, or assumptions that are used. Such estimates and assumptions include, but are not specifically limited to, those required in the assessment of the impairment of intangible assets and goodwill and the valuation and assumptions of Level 3 fair value measurement of financial instruments and determination of stock-based compensation, contingent consideration and all acquired assets and liabilities.

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents to the extent the funds are not being held for investment purposes. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, bank demand deposits and overnight sweep accounts used in the Company’s cash management program.

Restricted Cash

The Company presents restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet to the total of the amounts in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as of March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. Cash balances are maintained principally at two major U.S. financial institutions and are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to regulatory limits. At all times throughout the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 2017, the Company’s cash balances exceeded the FDIC insurance limit. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of the Company equipment ranges from three to ten years. Capitalized costs associated with leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the remaining life of the lease.

Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASCAccounting Standard Codification 740-10 and has analyzed its filing positions in jurisdictions where it may be obligated to file returns. The Company believes that its income tax filing position and deductions will be sustained on an audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company had no accrual for interest or penalties as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

Since the Company incurred net operating losses in every tax year since inception, all income tax returns are subject to examination and adjustments by the IRS for at least three years following the year in which the tax attributes are utilized.

Stock-based compensation to employees consist of stock option grants and restricted shares that are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations based on their fair values at the date of grant.

The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 505, subtopic 50,Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employeesbased upon the fair-value of the underlying instrument. The equity instruments, consisting of stock options granted to consultants, are valued using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the period which services are received. The Company calculates the fair value of option grants utilizing the Black-Scholes pricing model, and estimates the fair value of restricted stock based upon the estimated fair value or the common stock. The amount of stock based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The authoritative guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time stock options are granted and warrants are issued and revised or adjustments made as they occur. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The term “forfeitures” is distinct from “cancellations” or “expirations” and represents only the unvested portion of the surrendered stock option or warrant.

The resulting stock-based compensation expense for both employee and non-employee awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable, note payable, lease liability and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Net loss available to common shareholders represents our net loss plus Series A Convertible Preferred Stock accumulated dividends. Series A Convertible Preferred Stock accumulated dividends include dividends accumulated for the period (regardless of whether or not the dividends have been declared). For the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, $147,286 and $159,000 of dividend for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are included in the Net loss attributable to common shareholders. Diluted earnings per common share is the same as basic earnings per common share because, as the Company incurred a net loss during each period presented, the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options and warrants and conversion of preferred stock, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. The following schedule details the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants and conversion of preferred stock, which have been excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation as the inclusion would be anti-dilutive for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:2017:

The Company currently has a research grant with its customer, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (“CFF”). There are no contract assets or liabilities associated with this grant. The contract has a single performance obligation which is the provision of research and development services related to the Company’s Cystic Fibrosis development program (the “Program”). The Company provides CFF with progress reports for each study it performs, summarizing the progress toward achieving the goals of the Program, and is required to submit a final progress report within 30 days after the completion of the Program. Subject to the submission and acceptance of milestone progress reports, the Company may be entitled to an additional payments of $0.2 million in the aggregate. As this contract is currently the Company’s only contract with a customer, disaggregation of revenue is not required.

Research and development costs are charged to operations as they are incurred. Legal fees and other direct costs incurred in obtaining and protecting patents are also expensed as incurred, due to the uncertainty with respect to future cash flows resulting from the patents and our included as part of general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 represents a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Partnership expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU sets forth a new five-step revenue recognition model which replaces the prior revenue recognition guidance in its entirety and is intended to eliminate numerous industry-specific pieces of revenue recognition guidance that have historically existed. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year, but permits companies to adopt one year earlier if they choose (i.e., the original effective date). As such, this ASU was effective for us in the first quarter of 2018. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU. The Company adopted the guidance in ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 and applied the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operation.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases”. The new standard will require most leases to be recognized on the balance sheet which will increase reported assets and liabilities. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current guidance. The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for us is the first quarter of 2019 and mandates a modified retrospective transition method. We do not intend to early adopt, but preliminarily believe that its adoption will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”, which amended the existing accounting standards for the statement of cash flows. The amendments provide guidance on eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. For issues that are impracticable to apply retrospectively, the amendments may be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company adopted the guidance in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. We are required to apply the amendments for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We have evaluated this standard and believe it will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operation.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business”. The Board is issuing the amendments in this update to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The Company adopted the guidance in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09 “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which provides clarity and reduces both diversity in practice and cost and complexity when applying guidance in Topic 718. This amendment provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The amendments are effective for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted the guidance in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash” which requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included as components of total cash and cash equivalents as presented on the statement of cash flows. This pronouncement goes into effect for periods beginning after December 15, 2017, for public entities and one year later for all other entities. The Company adopted the guidance in the first quarter of 2018 on a retrospective basis and provided the required disclosure in Note C (3).

Goodwill is assessed for impairment at least annually on a reporting unit basis, or more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. In accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine this is the case, we are required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment testfurther analysis to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if any. If we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amounts, the two-step goodwill impairment testfurther analysis is not required.

As defined in the authoritative guidance, a reporting unit is an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment. Historically, we conducted our business in a single operating segment and reporting unit. In the periodquarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, we assessed goodwill impairment by performing a qualitative test for our reporting unit. During our qualitative review,reviews, we considered the Company’s cash position and our ability to obtain additional financing in the near term to meet our operational and strategic goals and substantiate the value of our business. Based on the results of our assessment,assessments, it was determined that it is more-likely- than-not that the fair value of the reporting units are greater than their carrying amounts. There was no impairment of goodwill for the periodin quarter ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

We review other intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. The authoritative accounting guidance allows a qualitative approach for testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, similar to the impairment testing guidance for goodwill. It allows the option to first assess qualitative factors (events and circumstances) that could have affected the significant inputs used in determining the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. The qualitative factors assist in determining whether it is more-likely-than-not (i.e. > 50% chance) that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. An organization may choose to bypass the qualitative assessment for any indefinite-lived intangible asset in any period and proceed directly to calculating its fair value. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets are IPR&D intangible assets. In all other instances, we used the qualitative test and concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that all other indefinite-lived assets were not impaired and therefore, there were no impairments in periodthe quarters ended September 30, 2017.

March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, the Series A Preferred Shares earn dividends at a rate of 8.0% once per year on the anniversary of the Initial Closing, payable to the holders of such Series A Preferred Shares in shares of common stock upon conversion. Dividends do not require declaration by the Board of Directors. Dividends are accrued annually as of the date the dividend is earned in an amount equal to the contractual rate of 8% of the stated value.

The Company records rent on a straight line basis. Differences between monthly rent expenses and rent payments are known asdeferred rents.rent. Deferred rents arerent is recorded in either an asset account (e.g., other current or noncurrent assets) when the cumulative difference between rent expenses and rent payments as of a balance sheet date is negative or a liability account (e.g., other current or noncurrent liabilities) when the cumulative difference is positive. Due to our escalating rents, the Company is currently recording a deferred rent liability. Deferred rent balances are classified as long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based upon the period when reversal of the liability is expected to occur.

In January 2017,The Company accounts for acquisitions using the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-04,“Intangibles – Goodwillacquisition method of accounting which requires the recognition of tangible and Other (Topic 350): Simplifyingidentifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the Test for Goodwill Impairment”.business combination date. The Board is issuingCompany allocates any excess purchase price over the amendmentsestimated fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred in this update to simplifygeneral and administrative expenses. Results of operations and cash flows of acquired companies are included in the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2Company’s operating results from the goodwilldate of acquisition.

The Company’s intangible assets are comprised of acquired in-process research and development, or IPR&D. The fair value of IPR&D acquired through a business combination is capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until the completion or abandonment of the related research and development activities. IPR&D is tested for impairment test. Instead an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparingannually or when events or circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by whichmay be below the carrying amount exceedsvalue of the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.asset. We are required to apply the amendments in this for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We have evaluated this standard and believe it will not have a material impact onperform our consolidated financial position or results of operation.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”, which amended the existing accounting standards for the statement of cash flows. The amendments provide guidance on eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows. The Company is required to adopt the guidanceIPR&D Impairment testing in the first quarterfourth quarter. As of March 31, 2018 no impairment of IPR&D has been identified. If and early adoptionwhen research and development is permitted. The amendments shouldcomplete, the associated assets would then be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. For issues that are impracticable to apply retrospectively, the amendments may be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company does not believe the adoption will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.amortized over their estimated useful lives.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. ASU 2014-09 represents a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Partnership expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU sets forth a new five-step revenue recognition model which replaces the prior revenue recognition guidance in its entirety and is intended to eliminate numerous industry-specific pieces of revenue recognition guidance that have historically existed. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”,which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year, but permits companies to adopt one year earlier if they choose (i.e., the original effective date). As such, this ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 for public companies and 2018 for private companies. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU. We do not believe that adoption of the standard for contract research revenue will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operation. We will continue our evaluation of ASU 2014-09, including how it may impact new arrangements we enter into as well as new or emerging interpretations of the standard, through the date of adoption. The Company will adopt the guidance in ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 and apply the modified retrospective approach.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share–based payment award transactions. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted. The Company has adopted this standard with an effective date January 1, 2017 which had an immaterial impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operation.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases”. The new standard will require most leases to be recognized on the balance sheet which will increase reported assets and liabilities. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current guidance. The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for us is the first quarter of 2019 and mandates a modified retrospective transition method. We do not intend to early adopt and are currently assessing the impact of this update, but preliminarily believe that its adoption will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

The Company accountsreclassified deferred rent liability from current liabilities to long-term liabilities for the beneficial conversion feature on its convertible preferred stock in accordance with ASC 470-20,Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Beneficial Conversion Feature (“BCF”) of convertible preferred stock is normally characterized as the convertible portion or feature that provides a rate of conversion that is below market value or in-the-money when issued. We record a BCF related to the issuance of convertible preferred stock when issued. Beneficial conversion features that are contingent upon the occurrence of a future event are recorded when the contingency is resolved.all periods presented.

To determine the effective conversion price, we first allocate the proceeds received to the convertible preferred stock and then use those allocated proceeds to determine the effective conversion price. If the convertible instrument is issued in a basket transaction (i.e., issued along with other freestanding financial instruments), the proceeds should first be allocated to the various instruments in the basket. Any amounts paid to the investor when the transaction is consummated (e.g., origination fees, due diligence costs) represent a reduction in the proceeds received by the issuer. The intrinsic value of the conversion option should be measured using the effective conversion price for the convertible preferred stock on the proceeds allocated to that instrument. The effective conversion price represents proceeds allocable to the convertible preferred stock divided by the number of shares into which it is convertible. The effective conversion price is then compared to the per share fair value of the underlying shares on the commitment date.

The accounting for a BCF requires that the BCF be recognized by allocating the intrinsic value of the conversion option to additional paid-in capital, resulting in a discount on the convertible preferred stock. This discount should be accreted from the date on which the BCF is first recognized through the earliest conversion date for instruments that do not have a stated redemption date. The intrinsic value of the BCF is recognized as a deemed dividend on convertible preferred stock over a period specified in the guidance.

NOTE ED – 2017 Warrant Tender Offer

On January 13, 2017, the Company completed its tender offer to amend and exercise certain categories of existing warrants.

Pursuant to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, an aggregate of 30,966,350 Warrants were tendered by their holders and were amended and exercised in connection therewith for an aggregate exercise price of approximately $15.5 million, including the following: 3,750,000 Formation Warrants; 754,000 Merger Warrants; 7,243,750 2013 Investor Warrants; 500,000 Private Placement Warrants; 14,750,831 2015 Investor Warrants; 722,925 $2.00 Placement Agent (PA) Warrants (of which 721,987 were exercised on a cashless basis); 1,426,687 $1.00 PA Warrants (of which 1,424,812 were exercised on a cashless basis); and 1,818,157 $0.75 PA Warrants (of which 1,774,017 were exercised on a cashless basis). The gross cash proceeds from such exercises were approximately $13.5 million and the net cash proceeds after deducting warrant solicitation agent fees and other estimated offering expenses were approximately $12.7 million. Prior to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, the Company had 58,159,495 shares of common stock outstanding and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 40,255,234 shares of common stock. Immediately following the Offer to Amend and Exercise (after the effect of certain cash and cashless exercises), the Company issued in exchange for the warrants 29,666,782 common shares.

The Company considers the warrant amendment to be of an equity nature as the amendment allowed the warrant holder to exercise a warrant and receive a common share which represents an equity for equity exchange. Therefore, the change in the fair value before and after the modification of approximately $16.7 million will be treated as a change in additional paid in capital (APIC) as an inducement charge. The cash received upon exercise in excess of par is also accounted through APIC.

The Company retained Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis Capital”) to act as its Warrant Agent for the Offer to Amend and Exercise pursuant to a Warrant Agent Agreement. Aegis Capital received a fee equal to 5% of the cash exercise prices paid by holders of the warrants (excluding the placement agent warrants) who participated in the Offer to Amend and Exercise. In addition, the Company agreed to reimburse Aegis Capital for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and attorney’s fees, including a $35,000 non- accountable expense allowance.

NOTE FE – Leasehold improvements and equipment

Leasehold improvements and equipment, summarized by major category, consist of the following ($ in thousands) for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and year ended December 31, 2016:2017:

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and twelve months ended December 31, 2017 was approximately $31 thousand$47,000 and $56 thousand,$100,000, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was approximately $15 thousand and $40 thousand, respectively.

On February 12, 2016, theThe Company has entered in a new 36-monthinto capital leaseleases for lab equipment. On May 15, 2017, the Company entered into a second 36-month capital lease for lab equipment. The payments under the leases are accounted for as interest and payments under capital lease using 3-year amortization. During the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company recognized interest expense of approximately $823$2,700 and $2,873,$504, respectively, associated with the lease payments.

NOTE F – Accrued Expenses

NOTE G – Stock HoldersStockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

In accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation, there are 10,000,000 authorized preferred shares at a par value of $ 0.001. In connection with the 2016 Private Placement, on July 26, 2016, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation (the “Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of the State of Delaware to designate the preferences, rights and limitations of the Series A Preferred Shares. Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, the Company designated 1,600,000 shares of the Company’s previously undesignated preferred stock as Series A Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had 1,507,8581,472,858 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding.

Conversion:

Each Series A Preferred Share is convertible at the option of the holder into such number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the number of Series A Preferred Shares to be converted, multiplied by the stated value of $5.00 (the “Stated Value”), divided by the Conversion Price in effect at the time of the conversion (the initial conversion price will be $0.50, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, and fundamental transactions). Based on the current conversion price, each share of the Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into ten shares of common stock. A fundamental transaction means: (i) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, (ii) any sale of all or substantially all of our assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, or (iii) any reclassification of our Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange by which Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property. Each Series A Preferred Share will automatically convert into common stock upon the earlier of (i) notice by the Company to the holders that the Company has elected to convert all outstanding Series A Preferred Shares; provided however that in the event the Company elects to force automatic conversion pursuant to this clause (i), the conversion date for purposes of calculating the accrued Dividend (as defined below) is deemed to be July 29, 2019, which is the third anniversary of the Initial Closing, (ii) three years from the Initial Closing, (iii) the approval of the Company’s MAT2203 product candidate by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency (the “Regulatory Approval”) or (iv) the Regulatory Approval of the Company’s MAT2501 product candidate.

Beneficial Conversion Feature - Series A Preferred Stock (deemed dividend):

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock, at any time at the option of the holder at a conversion price of $0.50 per share. On July 29, 2016, August 16, 2016, and September 12, 2016, the date of issuances of the Series A, the publicly traded common stock prices were $0.67, $0.70, and $1.00 per share, respectively.

Based on the guidance in ASC 470-20-20, the Company determined that a beneficial conversion feature exists, as the effective conversion price for the Series A preferred shares at issuance was less than the fair value of the common stock into which the preferred shares are convertible. A beneficial conversion feature based on the intrinsic value of the date of issuances for the Series A was approximately $4.4 million. The beneficial conversion amount of approximately $4.4 million was then accreted back to the preferred stock as a deemed dividend and charged to accumulated deficit as the conversion rights were 100% effective at the time of issuance in the third quarter of 2016.

Liquidity Value and Dividends:

Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, the Series A Preferred Shares accrue dividends at a rate of 8.0% once per year on the anniversary date of the Initial Closing, payable and only payable to the holders of such Series A Preferred Shares in shares of common stock upon conversion. Dividends of approximately $608 thousand$589,000 have been accrued as paid-in-kind through September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and approximately $ 5 thousand$19,000 has been earned and converted into common stock at the election of the holders. The Series A Preferred Shares vote on an as converted basis with the Company’s common stock. Upon any dissolution, liquidation or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to (i) first receive distributions out of our assets in an amount per share equal to the Stated Value plus all accrued and unpaid dividends, whether capital or surplus before any distributions shall be made on any shares of common stock and (ii) second, on an as-converted basis alongside the common stock.

Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, the liquidation value of a Series A Preferred Share is equal to the stated value of $5.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or other recapitalizations of the Series A Preferred Stock) plus any earned but unpaid dividends.

Royalty:

The Series A Preferred Shares include the right, as a group, to receive: (i) 4.5% of the net sales of MAT2203 and MAT2501, in each case from and after the date, respectively, such candidate has received FDA or EMA approval, subject in all cases to a respective to a cap of $ 25 million per calendar year, and (ii) 7.5% of the proceeds, if any, received by the Company in connection with the licensing or other disposition by the Company of MAT2203 and/or MAT2501 (“Royalty Payment Rights”), subject in all cases to a cap of $ 10 million per year. The royalty is payable so long as the Company has valid patents covering MAT2203 and MAT2501, as applicable. The Royalty Payment Rights are unsecured obligations of the Company. The royalty payment will be allocated to the holders based on their pro rata ownership of vested Series A Preferred Shares. The royalty rights that are part of the Series A Preferred Shares will vest, in equal thirds, upon each of the July 29, 2017, July 29, 2018, and July 29, 2019, which are the first, second and third anniversary dates of the Initial Closing, (each a “Vesting Date”); provided however, if the Series A Preferred Shares automatically convert into common stock prior to the 36 month anniversary of the initial closing, then the royalty rights that are part of the outstanding Series A Preferred Shares shall be deemed to be fully vested as of the date of conversion. Even if the Series A Preferred Shares are purchased after the initial closing, the vesting periods for the royalty rights that are part of the Series A Preferred Shares shall still be based on the Vesting Dates. During the first 36 months following the initial closing, the right to receive a royalty will follow the Series A Preferred Shares; after July 29, 2019, the royalty payment rights may be transferred separately from the Series A Preferred Stock subject to available exemption from registration under applicable securities laws. The Company believes that such rights are not separable free-standing instruments requiring bifurcation at the date of transaction. The Company may recognize a deemed dividend for the estimated fair value of the vested portion of the royalty rights in future periods. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, no accrual has been recorded for royalty payments as it is not probable at this time that any amount will be paid.

Classification:

These Series A Preferred Shares are classified within permanent equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as they do not meet the criteria that would require presentation outside of permanent equity under ASC 480Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

Warrants

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 5,961,2695,957,831 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.50 to $2.00 per share

The Warrants were exercisable immediately upon issuance and have a five-year term. The Warrants may be exercised at any time in whole or in part upon payment of the applicable exercise price until expiration of the Warrants. No fractional shares will be issued upon the exercise of the Warrants. The exercise price and the number of warrant shares purchasable upon the exercise of the Investor Warrants (as opposed to Placement Agent Warrants) are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, which include stock dividends, stock splits, combinations and reclassifications of the Company capital stock or similar “organic changes” to the equity structure of the Company (see Warrant table below). Accordingly, pursuant to ASC 815, the warrants are classified as equity.

The Company may call the Warrants, other than the Placement Agent Warrants, at any time the common stock trades above $5.00 (for warrants issued in 2013) or above $ 3.00 (for warrants issued in 2015) for twenty (20) consecutive days following the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the Warrants, provided that the Warrants can only be called if such registration statement is current and remains effective at the time of the call and provided further that the Company can only call the Investor Warrants for redemption, if it also calls all other Warrants for redemption on the terms described above. The Placement Agent Warrants do not have a redemption feature. The Placement Agent warrants may be exercised on a “cashless” basis. Such term is a contingent feature and within the control of the Company, therefore does not require liability classification.

A summary of equity warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 is presented below, all of which are fully vested.

After the effect of certain cash and cashless exercises of warrants, the Company received net cash proceeds of approximately $12.7 million from the warrants tendered on January 13, 2017 and approximately $2.1 million for warrants exercised outside the tender offer, for a total of approximately $14.8 million of proceeds in the first quarter. All warrants tendered in the second quarter were cashless warrants.of 2017. No warrants were tendered in the third quarter.first quarter of 2018.

NOTE H – Stock Based Compensation

In August 2013, the Company adopted the 2013 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), which provides for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock units, performance units, and stock purchase rights. Options under the Plan may be granted at prices not less than 100% of the fair value of the shares on the date of grant as determined by the Board Committee. The Board Committee determines the period over which the options become exercisable subject to certain restrictions as defined in the Plan, with the current outstanding options generally vesting over three years. The term of the options is no longer than ten years. The Company currently has available 1,397,6064,958,225 shares of common stock for issuance under the plan.

With the approval of the Board of Directors and majority Shareholders, effective May 8, 2014, the Plan was amended and restated. The amendment provides for an automatic increase in the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Plan each January (with Board approval), commencing January 1, 2015 in an amount up to four percent (4%) of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the preceding December 31st.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense (options, and restricted share grants) in its condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows ($ in thousands):

* includes both stock grants and option grants

The following table summarizes the Company’ stock option activity and related information for the period from December 31, 20162017 to September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 (number of options in thousands):

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the number of vested shares underlying outstanding options was 7,881,4928,431,031 at a weighted average exercise price of $2.22.$1.17. The aggregate intrinsic value of in the-money options outstanding as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 was approximately $4.0$0.7 million. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the Company’s closing stock price of $1.32$0.76 on September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, and the exercise price of options, multiplied by the number of options. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, there was approximately $5.4$4.4 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation. Such costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.861.28 years.

All options expire ten years from date of grant. Except forThe majority of the options granted to consultants, all remaining optionsemployees vest entirely and evenly over three years. The Company changed its standard vesting terms at the end of 2017 and recent option grants to employees vest over four years with 25% of the shares vesting on the first annual anniversary and the remaining shares vesting in 36 equal monthly installments. A portion of options granted to consultants vests over four years, with the remaining vesting being based upon the achievement of certain performance milestones, which are tied to either financing or drug development initiatives.

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award. The service period is generally the vesting period, with the exception of options granted subject to a consulting agreement, whereby the option vesting period and the service period defined pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement may be different. Stock options issued to consultants are revalued quarterly until fully vested, with any change in fair value expensed. The following weighted-average assumptions were used to calculate share based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016:2017:

The Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The Company uses the “simplified method” described in Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 107 to estimate expected term of share option grants.grants for employees. For non-employee options, the expected term is the contractual term.

The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities for industry peers, as the Company has limited history for the Company’s common stock. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more historical data for the Company’s common stock becomes available.

The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has never paid dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Company has assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of the Company share-based compensation.

The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

NOTE I – PREPAID EXPENSES

Prepaid expenses, summarized by major category, consist of the following ($ in thousands) for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and year ended December 31, 2016.2017:

NOTE J – NOTES PAYABLE

The notes payable amount of $298 thousand ending in September 30, 2017 and $118 thousand ending on December 31, 2016, are the financing amounts related to the Company’s insurance policies.

NOTE K – COMMITMENTS

On November 1, 2013, the Company entered into a 7-year lease for office space in Bedminster, New Jersey which commenced in June, 2014 at a monthly rent of $12,723, increasing to approximately $14,200 per month toward the end of the term, May 2021.term.

On December 15, 2016, the Company entered into a 10 year, 3-month lease to consolidateconsolidated our locations while expanding our laboratory and manufacturing facilities. The lease began instarted on August 2017.1, 2017, upon completion of construction. The monthly rent startedstarts at approximately $43,000, and increasesincreasing to approximately $64,000 in the final year. The rental payments total approximately $6.4 million over the life of the lease which is scheduled to end late 2027.

The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 2017 and 2016 was approximately $141,000$186,000 and $63,000,$103,000, respectively. Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $317,000 and $188,000, respectively.

Listed below is a summary of future minimum rental payments (including the remainder of 2017) as of September 30, 2017:payments:

The Company was obligated to provide a security deposit of $300,000 to obtain the headquarter office lease space located in Bedminster, New Jersey.space. This deposit was reduced by $100,000 in 2016 and 2015 and will be reduced down to $50,000 by yearend,approximately $105,457(including interest) in 2018 ($ 55,457 was collected in April of 2018). The balance of $ 50,000 is accounted for as a long asterm asset, since it is not recoverable until the Company makes timely rental payments.end of the lease in 2021.

To obtain the laboratory and facility site, located in Bridgewater, New Jersey, the Company was obligated to provide a security deposit of approximately $586,000. This security deposit can be reduced $100,000 on each of the first three anniversaries of the rent commencement date which was August 1, 2017.date. On the fourth anniversary, it can be reduced another $86,000, with the balance over the remaining life of the lease. As of March 31, 2018, $100,000 of this deposit is classified as a current asset with the balance of the deposit classified as a long term asset.

On February 18, 2016 the Company entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to support NIH investigators in the conduct of clinical research to investigate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of encochleated drug products in patients with fungal, bacterial, or viral infections at an annual funding of $200,000 per year for 3 years.

In August 2017, the Company entered into a Finance Agreement in the amount of $383,030, to fund the premium payments for the Director and Officer Liability policy. The term of this agreement is nine months, ending April 10, 2018. Monthly payments including interest at 2.25% are $42,959.

On November 10, 2016 the Company entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to support NIH investigators to acquire technical, statistical and administrative support for research activities as well as to pay for supplies and travel expenses for a total amount of $132,568 paid in 4 equal quarterly installments beginning in the fourth quarter 2016 and each quarter during 2017.

2017 and 2018.

Through the 2015 Merger,our acquisition of Aquarius, we acquired a license from Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey (successor in interest to the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey) for the cochleateLNC platform delivery technology. The Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement between NanotechnologiesAquarius and Rutgers provides for, among other things, (1) royalties on a tiered basis between low single digits and the mid-single digits of net sales of products using such licensed technology, (2) a one-time sales milestone fee of $100,000 when and if sales of products using the licensed technology reach the specified sales threshold and (3) an annual license fee of initially $10,000, increasing to $50,000 over the term of the license agreement.

On September 12, 2016 the Company conducted a final closing of a private placement offering to accredited investors shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock. As part of this offer, the investors received royalty payment rights if and when the Company generates sales of MAT2203 or MAT2501.MAT250. Pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Designations of Preferences, Rights and Limitations (the “Certificate of Designations”) for our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, we may be required to pay royalties of up to $35 million per year. If and when we obtain FDA or EMA approval of MAT2203 and/or MAT2501, which we do not expect to occur before 2021,2020, if ever, and/or if we generate sales of such products, or we receive any proceeds from the licensing or other disposition of MAT2203 or MAT2501, we are required to pay to the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock, subject to certain vesting requirements, in aggregate, a royalty equal to (i) 4.5% of Net Sales (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), subject in all cases to a cap of $25 million per calendar year, and (ii) 7.5% of Licensing Proceeds (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), subject in all cases to a cap of $10 million per calendar year. The Royalty Payment Rights will expire when the patents covering the applicable product expire, which is currently expected to be in 2033.

On June 1, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with Medpace, a clinical research organization, to provide services in a Phase II clinical trial. The overall cost is estimated to be $1.4 million through August 2018.

The Company has entered into two lab equipment leases. A 36 month lease ending June, 2019 with payments totaling $ 31 thousand. The second is a 60 month lease ending in May, 2022 with payments totaling $ 49 thousand. Each lease allows for a dollar buy out of the equipment.

The Company also has employment agreements with certain employees which require the funding of a specific level of payments, if certain events, such as a change in control, termination without cause or retirement, occur.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our financial statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 and in other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, particularly those under “Risk Factors.” Dollars in tabular format are presented in thousands, except per share data, or otherwise indicated.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “may,” “can,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “expect,” “seek,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “predict,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future.

There are a number of important factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. These factors include, but are not limited to:

All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report or the date of the document incorporated by reference into this report. We have no obligation, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to update, revise or correct any of the forward- looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We have expressed our expectations, beliefs and projections in good faith and we believe they have a reasonable basis. However, we cannot assure you that our expectations, beliefs or projections will result or be achieved or accomplished.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company currently focused on developing innovative anti-infectives for orphan indications. Our product and development candidates are derivedenabling the delivery of life-changing medicines using our unique and proprietary, lipid-crystal nano-particle, or cochleate, formulationlipid nano-crystal (“LNC”) platform delivery technology. Our proprietary cochleateLNC delivery technology platform, licensed from Rutgers University on an exclusive worldwide basis, nano-encapsulates drugsutilizes lipid nano-crystals which can encapsulate small molecules, oligonucleotides, vaccines, peptides, proteins and is designed to make these drugs orally bioavailable, well tolerated andother medicines potentially making them safer, andmore tolerable, less toxic while providingand orally bioavailable. The ability of our LNC delivery technology to efficiently deliver drugs intracellularly results in the targeted and safe delivery of pharmaceuticals directly to the site of infection or inflammation.inflammation as well as the potential to treat a variety of cell-based pathogens, diseases and conditions. We believe our cochleateLNC delivery technology provides us with ana stable, safe, efficient and broadly applicable drug delivery platform, with particular utility in diseases and conditions in which the immune system plays a significant modulation role and where the immune system facilitates the active transport of our lipid crystal nano-particles throughout the body.

Currently, we are focused on leveraging our delivery platform in developing our own products within the anti-infective marketspace and on identifying strategic partners whose drug candidates which we believe demonstrateand molecules, in combination with our delivery technology, present the greatest value and innovation associated with our unique cochleate delivery platform technology while potentially providingaddressing significant health economic benefit to the health care system. markets of unmet medical need.

We believe initially focusing on the anti-infective market has distinct advantages for the development of products, which meet significant unmet medical need, including:

MAT2203 and MAT2501

We have leveraged our platform cochleate delivery technology to develop two clinical-stage products that we believe have the potential to become best-in-class drugs. Our lead product candidate MAT2203 is an orally-administered cochleate formulation of a broad spectrum anti-fungal drug called amphotericin B. We are initially developing MAT2203 for the prevention of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) due to immunosuppressive therapy, as well as for the treatment of serious fungal infections.

In early June 2017, we reported interim data from the NIH-Conducted Phase 2a Clinical Study of Orally-Administered MAT2203 for the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Mucocutaneous Candidiasis. At that time, two out of the two patients with long-standing azole resistant mucocutaneous candidiasis met the primary endpoint of the Phase 2a study, achieving ≥ 50% clinical response with treatment of MAT2203. Patient #01 achieved a 57% reduction in clinical symptoms after 8 weeks on therapy while patient #02 achieved an 85% reduction in such clinical symptoms after 6 weeks of treatment. MAT2203 was well tolerated with majority of adverse events observed being mild in severity and mostly unrelated to study drug. Importantly, for both patients renal and liver function parameters remained well within normal ranges during the core study as well as during the first 6-month extension of this study. In July 2017, the NIH/NIAID institutional review board approved continuation of treatment of patients in the study-extension for an additional 6 months, for total extension of up to one year.

In late June 2017, we announced the topline data from our Phase 2 study in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) using MAT2203. In the context of our overall program for MAT2203 with the aim to develop our lead product for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients who are immunocompromised due to immunosuppressive therapy, our goal was, in addition to further establishing the safety and tolerability of MAT2203, to demonstrate efficacy of MAT2203 through a mechanism involving systemic absorption in a non-life threatening fungal infection. This study concept is consistent with early human efficacy studies in the development of other anti- fungal therapies. This Phase 2 study was not designed or powered to support an indication for the treatment of VVC and therefore supplant fluconazole as the standard of care. While we were advised to utilize fluconazole as the standard of care in VVC as an active control as part of the study design, comparison to fluconazole in the treatment of VVC is of limited relevance given our ultimate development goals for MAT2203 in uses where fluconazole is contraindicated or inferior. The key data generated from this study includes additional safety and tolerability data as well as evidence of systemic absorption and distribution resulting in efficacy reflected by dose response effects and improvement in disease severity scores.

In this VVC study, we met the primary endpoint and were able to demonstrate that oral delivery of encochleated amphotericin B is safe and well tolerated without the severe kidney and liver toxicities typically seen with administration of intravenous amphotericin B. Drug-related treatment emergent adverse events in this study were mostly of mild and gastro-intestinal nature and were seen at a rate of 20%, 18% and 2% respectively for MAT2203 200mg, MAT2203 400mg, and fluconazole. Consistent with the safety observations in the NIH study, in this VVC study no drug-related effects on liver function were observed and kidney function parameters stayed within normal ranges during the entire study for all 91 patients treated with MAT2203 for 5 days.

Following our announcement of topline data in late June 2017, we continued to receive data from the study in the following weeks and also were able to more fully analyze the complete data set in light of our overall development objectives for MAT2203. In this particular study, 137 patients with moderate-to-severe VVC were randomized to MAT2203 200mg (46 patients), MAT2203 400mg (45 patients), or fluconazole (46 patients), with a respective disease score of 10.9, 10.0, and 10.8 established as the composite score of six disease severity attributes, which were each scored as 0, 1, 2, or 3. On day five after initiation of treatment, the disease severity score had declined significantly for all three treatment groups with approximately 60% reduction for both MAT2203 treatment groups and 80% for the fluconazole group. On day twelve after initiation of treatment (the test of cure visit), treatment severity score had further declined for all three treatment groups with approximately 80% reduction for both MAT2203 treatment groups (mean scores of 2.2 and 1.8 respectively for the 200mg and 400mg dose groups) and 94% for the fluconazole group (mean score of 0.5).

On the more stringent criterion of clinical cure (the primary evaluation endpoint in the most recent FDA guidance on the treatment of VVC), the clinical cure rates for MAT2203 200mg, MAT2203 400mg, and fluconazole in the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population were 52%, 55%, and 75% respectively. In the larger population of all randomized patients based on clinical diagnosis by the KOH method, the clinical cure rates for MAT2203 200mg, MAT2203 400mg, and fluconazole were 57%, 64%, and 76% respectively. Finally, in the per-protocol (PP) population, the clinical cure rates for MAT2203 200mg, MAT2203 400mg, and fluconazole were 52%, 65%, and 75% respectively. This additional data analyses revealed a consistent trend of a better cure rate with the MAT2203 400mg dose group as compared to the 200mg dose group, importantly indicating a dose-response effect.

Furthermore, in evaluating the criterion of eradication rate for both doses of MAT2203 studied, there appears to be a more rapid onset of the eradication effect in the modified intent to treat (mITT) population on day-5 after treatment initiation with the MAT2203 400mg dose group (13%) as compared to the 200mg dose group (4%), again indicating a dose-response effect.

Considering the data generated from the VVC study contrasted with the data from our ongoing NIH Phase 2 study, it appears that both higher doses and longer duration of therapy, which yielded a significant clinical response in the immunocompromised patients in the NIH study, could be important factors in demonstrating additional efficacy in mucosal candidiasis, especially with respect to eradication. Accordingly, we believe that utilizing a higher dose for a longer duration in this study may have resulted in improvement in overall clinical and mycological responses in VVC. An observed dose-response effect is a well-established manner to uncover drug effects during the early drug development stage prior to optimizing the dosing/treatment regimen. The observed improvements in disease severity scores, as well as the dose-response effects in clinical cure rates and onset of mycological eradication in this VVC study, we believe bring together the support for the proof-of-concept of systemic delivery of MAT2203 to the site of infection in humans.

Based on the overall data set we have generated to date, we plan to seek an FDA meeting in the near term to discuss the data and the development path forward toward commencing a registration trial for an indication for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients with ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) as the next step in our overall development program for MAT2203 following the conclusion of our planned and announced Phase 2 PK/Tolerability study of MAT2203 in leukemia patients.

We are pursuing a first indication for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients with ALL because the risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in patients being treated for ALL is high, with an associated high risk of lethality. Currently, there is no standard of care for preventing these high risk IFIs in ALL patients. The established treatment regimens for ALL are highly sensitive to liver-metabolized drug-drug interactions, causing serious concerns for drug-drug interaction induced side-effects. Amphotericin B is not liver metabolized and when incorporated in the lipid-crystal nano-particle structure of MAT2203, this otherwise toxic IV only compound can now be safely orally administered (providing patient convenience over ~12 weeks prophylactic treatment duration), without the typical kidney and liver toxicity associated with other Amphotericin B formulations.

Our second clinical stage product candidate is MAT2501, an orally administered, encochleated formulation of the broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic amikacin which may be used to treat different types of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections (NTM), as well as various multidrug-resistant gram negative and intracellular bacterial infections. In March 2017, we announced topline results from a Phase 1 single escalating dose clinical trial of MAT2501 in healthy volunteers in which no serious adverse events were reported and where oral administration of MAT2501 at all tested doses yielded blood levels that were well below the safety levels recommended for injected amikacin, supporting further development of MAT2501 for the treatment of NTM infections.

Financial Operations Overview

We are a development stage company and have generated approximately $105 thousand in contract research revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and no revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We have incurred losses for each period from inception. OurFor the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 our net loss was approximately $11.9$4.1 million and $5.7$ 4.5 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and approximately $3.4 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We expect to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We expect our expenses to increase significantly in connection with our ongoing activities to develop, seek regulatory approval and commercialization of MAT2203 and MAT2501 and any other product candidates we choose to develop based upon our platform technology.LNC delivery technology platform. Accordingly, we will need additional financing to support our long term continuing operations. We will seek to fund our operations through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would impact our going concern and would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy and continue as a going concern. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so.

Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

We generated Contract Research Revenue in the amount of approximately $105 thousand$30,000 for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 versus zero$15,000 in the same period of 2016.2017. This revenue is directly related to our grant with the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Inc. to study MAT2501, for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterium infection (NTM) in preclinical models. The contract will last into 2018.the fourth quarter of 2018 or the conclusion of the studies.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs mainly incurred for the development of cochleate delivery technology and MAT2203 and MAT2501, which include:

The table below summarizes our direct research and development expenses for our product candidates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017. Our direct research and development expenses consist principally of external costs, such as fees paid to contractors, consultants, analytical laboratories and CROs and/or the NIH, in connection with our development work. We typically use our employee and infrastructure resources for manufacturing clinical trial materials, conducting product analysis, study protocol development and overseeing outside vendors. Included in “Internal Staffing, Overhead and Other” below is the cost of laboratory space, supplies, R&D employee costs (including stock option expenses), travel and medical education.

Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage human trials.

We expect In addition, we will look to strategically expand the use of our R&D expenses to increase during 2017 anddrug platform technology through additional development work. During 2018, as we implementwill be focused on enhancing our additionaldosage formulation for MAT2203, starting new Phase II studies for MAT2203 and start Phase III with MAT2203 as well as startmoving our Phase II studies with MAT2501. In addition, we have and will increase our headcount to support our ongoing product development and incur additional rental expense with our new laboratory and manufacturing facility.delivery platform forward in development.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive and finance functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs, communicationinsurance, investor relations expenses, and professional fees for legal, patent review, consulting and accountingaccounting/audit services.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses towill increase for the full year 2017 compared to 2016during 2018 due to the increased expenses related to our status as a publicly traded company, including increased compensation expense (including stock based compensation), headcount to support our expanded operations and expenses in support of compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act.Act, an increase in investor relations, protection of our intellectual property and insurance costs

Other income/(expense), net

Other income/(expense), net is largely comprised of interest income, interest expense and franchise taxes.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies

Our criticaldiscussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note Cmore detail in the notes to our financial statements includedappearing elsewhere in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies.

Stock-Based Compensation

Option Grants

We account for all share-based compensation payments issued to employees, directors, and non-employees using an option pricing model for estimating fair value. Accordingly, share-based compensation expense is measured based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. We recognize compensation expense for the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest over the period during which the recipient renders the required services to us using the straight-line single option method. In accordance with authoritative guidance, we re-measure the fair value of non-employee share-based awards as the awards vest, and recognize the resulting value, if any, as expense during the period the related services are rendered.

Significant Factors, Assumptions and Methodologies Used in Determining Fair Value

We apply the fair value recognition provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which we refer to as ASC 718. Determining the amount of share-based compensation to be recorded required us to develop estimates of the fair value of stock options as of their grant date before operating as a public company. We recognize share-based compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period, which in most cases is the vesting period of the award. Calculating the fair value of share-based awards requires that we make highly subjective assumptions.

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value our stock option awards. Use of this valuation methodology requires that we make assumptions as to the volatility of our common stock, the expected term of our stock options, and the risk free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our stock options and our expected dividend yield. As a publicly-held company with a limited operating history, we utilized data from a representative group of companies to estimate expected stock price volatility. We selected companies from the biopharmaceutical industry with similar characteristics to us, including those in the early stage of product development and with a therapeutic focus.

We use the simplified method as prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107,Share-Based Payment, to calculate the expected term of stock option grants to employees as we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term of stock options granted to employees.

We recognize compensation expense for stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award. The service period is generally the vesting period, with the exception of options granted subject to a consulting agreement, whereby the option vesting period and the service period defined pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement may be different. Stock options issued to consultants are revalued quarterly until fully vested, with any change in fair value expensed. For awards subject to performance conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution recognition method when it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The following range of assumptions were used to value options granted for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and to re-measure stock options issued to consultants.

The expected term of stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is based on the options vesting term, contractual terms, and industry peers as we did not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior.

The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities for industry peers, as our stock has not been trading long enough to calculate its own volatility. We will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more historical data for our common stock becomes available. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of our stock options. The expected dividend assumption is based on our history and expectation of dividend payouts.

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we have assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of our share-based compensation.

The closing price of our stock (on the date of a grant) is used as an input in the measurement of stock-based compensation.

Share-based compensation expense associated with stock options and restricted stock granted to employees and non-employees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively; for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $2.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, we had approximately $5.0 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately .8 years. In future periods, our share-based compensation expense is expected to increase as a result of recognizing our existing unrecognized share-based compensation for awards that will vest and as we issue additional share-based awards to attract and retain our employees.

We have included stock based compensation as part of our operating expenses in our statement of operation for the three and nine months ended September 30 ($ in thousands) as follows:

The 2013 Equity Compensation Plan, or the Plan, is the only active plan pursuant to which options to acquire common stock or restricted stock awards can be granted and are currently outstanding. As of September 30, 2017, there were 1,397,606 shares of our common stock available for issuance under the Plan.

As of September 30, 2017, we had outstanding options to purchase an aggregate of 11,526,027 shares of our common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $2.22. The computation of the aggregate intrinsic value is based upon the difference between the original exercise price of the options and our estimate of the fair value of our common stock at September 30, 2017.Quarterly Report.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Under Section 107(b) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

Results of Operations ($ in Thousands)

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017.

Revenues:Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 were approximately $45 thousand,$30,000, compared to $0$15,000 for the prior period. Revenue consists of revenue earned under the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Inc. grant to study MAT2501, for the treatment of pre-clinical nontuberculous mycobacterium infection (NTM). The grant will lastlasts into 2018.the fourth quarter of 2018 or the conclusion of the studies.

Research and Development expenses: Research and Development expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increasedMarch 31, 2018 decreased approximately $1.2 million$191,000 compared to the prior year period. This increasedecrease is primarily due to an increasea decrease in spending on clinical studies for MAT2203, headcount additions, lab operations and analytical development costs.MAT2203. In the longer term, we expect R&D expenses to increase as we conduct additional clinical studies for our product candidates.

General and Administrative expenses. General and Administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 were approximately $1.4$2.0 million, an increasea decrease of approximately $440 thousand, largely$160,000, due to an increasedecrease in professional fees associated with strategic consulting and investor relations as well as an increase in employee compensation/benefits, and insurancecompensation costs. G&A expenses are expected to increase for remainder of 20172018 primarily due to meet the requirements ofexpenses associated with being a public company on a national stock exchange and explore possible business development opportunities.costs related to our compliance with the Sarbanes Oxley Act as we grow our operations in 2019.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Revenues: Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were approximately $105, compared to $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Revenue consists of revenue earned under the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Inc. grant to study MAT2501, for the treatment of pre-clinical nontuberculous mycobacterium infection (NTM). The grant will last into 2018.

Research and Development expenses: Research and Development expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased approximately $4.3 million compared to the prior year period. This increase is primarily due to an increase in spending on clinical studies and preclinical studies, associated with both MAT2203 and MAT2505, increased in headcount, stock based compensation and increase in laboratory operations costs as a result of our new laboratory facilities. In the longer term, we expect R&D expenses to increase as we conduct additional clinical studies for our product candidates.

General and Administrative expenses: General and Administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were approximately $5.3 million, an increase of $2.0 million over the same period in 2016. This increase is mainly due to increases in professional fees associated with legal services, accounting services, strategic consulting and investment relations services, as well an increase in employee compensation benefit expenses.

Sources of Liquidity

We have funded our operations since inception through private placements of our equity instruments, a warrant tender offeringpreferred stock and the use of the Company’s Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor.our common stock and common stock warrants. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, we have raised a total of approximately $42$50.2 million in gross proceeds and $44.5 million net, proceeds through these offerings.from sales of our equity securities.

On April 3, 2017, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SecuritiesAs of March 31, 2018, we had cash and Exchange Commission which allows us to offer, issue and sell from time to time together or separately, in one or more offerings, any combination of (i) our common stock, (ii) our preferred stock, which we may issue in one or more series, (iii) warrants, (iv) senior or subordinated debt securities, (v) subscription rights and (vi) units, consisting of any combination of the securities listed above. We will describe in a prospectus supplement the securities we are offering and selling, as well as the specific terms of the securities. The aggregate public offering price of the securities that we may offer from time to time pursuant to the shelf registration statement will not exceed $150.0cash equivalents totaling $4.3 million. We will offer the securities in an amount and on terms that market conditions will determine at the time of the offering.

On April 28, 2017, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering^SMSales Agreement, or sales agreement, with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., or “Cantor”, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $30.0 million. Cantor Fitzgerald will be acting as sales agent and be paid a 3% commission on each sale. Through September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 we raised approximately $0.6$1.1 million in net proceeds through sales of our common stock under this program over approximately 5 weeks selling approximately 500 thousand shares.program.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $47.6$55.4 million, working capital of approximately $8.3$3.9 million and cash and cash equivalents totaling approximately $9.0$4.3 million.

2017 Warrant Tender

On January 13, 2017, the Company completed its tender offer to amend and exercise certain categories of existing warrants.

Pursuant to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, an aggregate of 30,966,350 warrants were tendered by their holders and were amended and exercised in connection therewith for an aggregate exercise price of approximately $15.5 million. The aggregate gross cash proceeds were approximately $13.5 million and the net cash proceeds after deducting warrant solicitation agent fees and other estimated offering expenses were approximately $12.7 million.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the period set forth below:

Operating Activities

We have incurred significant costs in the area of research and development, including clinical supply manufacturing, regulatory and clinical development costs and costs associated with being a public company. Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $9.5$2.8 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and approximately $4.0$3.0 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017.