Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q 

(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31,June 30, 2021
OR 
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to            

Commission file number: 001-35355
 _____________________________________________________________
MANNING & NAPIER, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 45-2609100
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
290 Woodcliff Drive
Fairport,New York 14450
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(585) 325-6880
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_____________________________________________________________ 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per shareMNNew York Stock Exchange
Common Stock Purchase RightsMNNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer ¨  Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer x  Smaller reporting company x
Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 
Class  Outstanding at MayAugust 10, 2021
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share  16,991,56918,496,008




TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page
Part I
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Part II
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 5.
Item 6.
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, “we”, “our”, “us”, the “Company”, “Manning & Napier” and the “Registrant” refers to Manning & Napier, Inc. and, unless the context otherwise requires, its consolidated direct and indirect subsidiaries and predecessors.
 

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Manning & Napier, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(unaudited)  (unaudited) 
AssetsAssetsAssets
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$45,195 $57,635 Cash and cash equivalents$55,716 $57,635 
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable10,776 11,915 Accounts receivable12,534 11,915 
Investment securitiesInvestment securities23,905 23,497 Investment securities23,698 23,497 
Prepaid expenses and other assetsPrepaid expenses and other assets17,731 15,711 Prepaid expenses and other assets14,202 15,711 
Total current assetsTotal current assets97,607 108,758 Total current assets106,150 108,758 
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net2,728 3,075 Property and equipment, net2,553 3,075 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets15,859 16,405 Operating lease right-of-use assets15,266 16,405 
Net deferred tax assets, non-currentNet deferred tax assets, non-current18,889 19,645 Net deferred tax assets, non-current20,635 19,645 
GoodwillGoodwill4,829 4,829 Goodwill4,829 4,829 
Other long-term assetsOther long-term assets3,294 3,373 Other long-term assets3,231 3,373 
Total assetsTotal assets$143,206 $156,085 Total assets$152,664 $156,085 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Accounts payableAccounts payable$2,271 $1,787 Accounts payable$1,917 $1,787 
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities22,156 36,439 Accrued expenses and other liabilities26,841 36,439 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue12,116 11,476 Deferred revenue12,935 11,476 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities36,543 49,702 Total current liabilities41,693 49,702 
Operating lease liabilities, non-currentOperating lease liabilities, non-current15,935 16,646 Operating lease liabilities, non-current15,177 16,646 
Amounts payable under tax receivable agreement, non-currentAmounts payable under tax receivable agreement, non-current13,759 13,759 Amounts payable under tax receivable agreement, non-current15,598 13,759 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities199 221 Other long-term liabilities185 221 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities66,436 80,328 Total liabilities72,653 80,328 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)00Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)00
Shareholders’ equityShareholders’ equityShareholders’ equity
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 17,423,202 and 17,010,797 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021, 16,989,943 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020174 170 
Treasury stock, at cost, 412,405 and zero shares at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively(2,987)
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 19,207,235 and 18,493,570 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021, 16,989,943 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 19,207,235 and 18,493,570 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021, 16,989,943 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020192 170 
Treasury stock, at cost, 713,665 and 0 shares at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectivelyTreasury stock, at cost, 713,665 and 0 shares at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively(5,337)
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital110,182 111,848 Additional paid-in capital104,402 111,848 
Retained deficitRetained deficit(23,586)(28,826)Retained deficit(17,661)(28,826)
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(228)(235)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(284)(235)
Total shareholders’ equityTotal shareholders’ equity83,555 82,957 Total shareholders’ equity81,312 82,957 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests(6,785)(7,200)Noncontrolling interests(1,301)(7,200)
Total shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interestsTotal shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests76,770 75,757 Total shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests80,011 75,757 
Total liabilities, shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interestsTotal liabilities, shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests$143,206 $156,085 Total liabilities, shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests$152,664 $156,085 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended March 31, Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
RevenuesRevenuesRevenues
Management FeesManagement FeesManagement Fees
Wealth ManagementWealth Management$15,348 $14,020 Wealth Management$16,111 $13,571 $31,459 $27,591 
Institutional and IntermediaryInstitutional and Intermediary14,328 12,411 Institutional and Intermediary15,141 12,311 29,469 24,722 
Distribution and shareholder servicingDistribution and shareholder servicing2,153 2,390 Distribution and shareholder servicing2,236 2,303 4,389 4,693 
Custodial servicesCustodial services1,645 1,599 Custodial services1,721 1,463 3,366 3,062 
Other revenueOther revenue677 689 Other revenue868 698 1,545 1,387 
Total revenueTotal revenue34,151 31,109 Total revenue36,077 30,346 70,228 61,455 
ExpensesExpensesExpenses
Compensation and related costsCompensation and related costs18,874 19,263 Compensation and related costs18,347 17,379 37,221 36,642 
Distribution, servicing and custody expensesDistribution, servicing and custody expenses2,358 2,813 Distribution, servicing and custody expenses2,497 2,425 4,855 5,238 
Other operating costsOther operating costs6,710 7,097 Other operating costs7,463 7,489 14,173 14,586 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses27,942 29,173 Total operating expenses28,307 27,293 56,249 56,466 
Operating incomeOperating income6,209 1,936 Operating income7,770 3,053 13,979 4,989 
Non-operating income (loss)Non-operating income (loss)Non-operating income (loss)
Interest expenseInterest expense(2)(2)Interest expense(1)(3)(3)(5)
Interest and dividend incomeInterest and dividend income123 357 Interest and dividend income108 363 231 720 
Change in liability under tax receivable agreementChange in liability under tax receivable agreement(2,850)Change in liability under tax receivable agreement(228)914 (228)(1,936)
Net gains (losses) on investmentsNet gains (losses) on investments337 (1,832)Net gains (losses) on investments377 1,416 714 (416)
Total non-operating income (loss)Total non-operating income (loss)458 (4,327)Total non-operating income (loss)256 2,690 714 (1,637)
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxesIncome before provision for (benefit from) income taxes6,667 (2,391)Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes8,026 5,743 14,693 3,352 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxesProvision for (benefit from) income taxes703 (3,226)Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,285 1,460 1,988 (1,766)
Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interestsNet income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests5,964 835 Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests6,741 4,283 12,705 5,118 
Less: net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests724 (23)
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests816 2,737 1,540 2,714 
Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,240 $858 Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,925 $1,546 $11,165 $2,404 
Net income per share available to Class A common stockNet income per share available to Class A common stockNet income per share available to Class A common stock
BasicBasic$0.31 $0.05 Basic$0.35 $0.09 $0.65 $0.15 
DilutedDiluted$0.26 $0.01 Diluted$0.29 $0.06 $0.55 $0.06 
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstandingWeighted average shares of Class A common stock outstandingWeighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding
BasicBasic17,026,500 15,812,951 Basic16,956,265 16,132,667 16,991,188 15,972,809 
DilutedDiluted20,273,343 77,907,557 Diluted20,314,285 46,296,214 20,290,914 61,851,067 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended March 31, Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interestsNet income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests$5,964 $835 Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests$6,741 $4,283 $12,705 $5,118 
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities, net of taxNet unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities, net of tax(428)Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities, net of tax(60)179 (52)(249)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains on investment securities included in net incomeReclassification adjustment for net realized gains on investment securities included in net income97 (33)Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains on investment securities included in net income(23)(141)74 (174)
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income$6,069 $374 Comprehensive income$6,658 $4,321 $12,727 $4,695 
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests822 (400)Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests789 2,753 1,611 2,353 
Comprehensive income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.Comprehensive income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,247 $774 Comprehensive income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,869 $1,568 $11,116 $2,342 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited) 
Common Stock –  Class ATreasury StockAdditional
Paid in Capital
Retained
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Non
Controlling
Interests
  Common Stock –  Class ATreasury StockAdditional
Paid in Capital
Retained
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Non
Controlling
Interests
 
SharesAmountSharesAmountTotalSharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Three months ended June 30, 2021Three months ended June 30, 2021
Balance—March 31, 2021Balance—March 31, 202117,010,797 $174 412,405 $(2,987)$110,182 $(23,586)$(228)$(6,785)$76,770 
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 5,925 — 816 6,741 
Distributions to noncontrolling interestsDistributions to noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — (277)(277)
Net changes in unrealized investment securities gains or lossesNet changes in unrealized investment securities gains or losses— — — — — — (56)(4)(60)
Common stock issued under equity compensation plan, net of forfeituresCommon stock issued under equity compensation plan, net of forfeitures191,064 — — (2)— — — 
Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to equity awardsShares withheld to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to equity awards— — — — (2,233)— — (20)(2,253)
Equity-based compensationEquity-based compensation— — — — 872 — — 876 
Purchases of treasury stockPurchases of treasury stock(301,260)— 301,260 (2,350)— — — — (2,350)
Cost of issuing common stockCost of issuing common stock— — — — (56)— — — (56)
Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC (Note 4)Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC (Note 4)1,592,969 16 — — (4,981)— — 4,965 
Deferred tax impacts from transactions with shareholders (Note 4)Deferred tax impacts from transactions with shareholders (Note 4)— — — — 620 — — — 620 
Balance—June 30, 2021Balance—June 30, 202118,493,570 $192 713,665 $(5,337)$104,402 $(17,661)$(284)$(1,301)$80,011 
Three months ended March 31, 2021
Six months ended June 30, 2021Six months ended June 30, 2021
Balance—December 31, 2020Balance—December 31, 202016,989,943 $170 $$111,848 $(28,826)$(235)$(7,200)$75,757 Balance—December 31, 202016,989,943 $170 $$111,848 $(28,826)$(235)$(7,200)$75,757 
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 5,240 — 724 5,964 Net income— — — — — 11,165 — 1,540 12,705 
Distributions to noncontrolling interestsDistributions to noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — (295)(295)Distributions to noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — (572)(572)
Net changes in unrealized investment securities gains or lossesNet changes in unrealized investment securities gains or losses— — — — — — Net changes in unrealized investment securities gains or losses— — — — — — (49)(3)(52)
Common stock issued under equity compensation plan, net of forfeituresCommon stock issued under equity compensation plan, net of forfeitures433,259 — — (4)— — — Common stock issued under equity compensation plan, net of forfeitures624,323 — — (6)— — — 
Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to equity awardsShares withheld to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to equity awards— — — — (2,582)— — (322)(2,904)Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to equity awards— — — — (4,814)— — (343)(5,157)
Equity-based compensationEquity-based compensation— — — — 1,091 — — 136 1,227 Equity-based compensation— — — — 1,963 — — 140 2,103 
Cost of issuing common stockCost of issuing common stock— — — — (56)— — — (56)
Purchases of treasury stockPurchases of treasury stock(412,405)— 412,405 (2,987)— — — — (2,987)Purchases of treasury stock(713,665)— 713,665 (5,337)— — — — (5,337)
Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC (Note 4)Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC (Note 4)— — — — (171)— — 171 Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC (Note 4)1,592,969 16 — — (5,153)— — 5,137 
Balance—March 31, 202117,010,797 $174 412,405 $(2,987)$110,182 $(23,586)$(228)$(6,785)$76,770 
Deferred tax impacts from transactions with shareholders (Note 4)Deferred tax impacts from transactions with shareholders (Note 4)— — — — 620 — — — 620 
Balance—June 30, 2021Balance—June 30, 202118,493,570 $192 713,665 $(5,337)$104,402 $(17,661)$(284)$(1,301)$80,011 
 Common Stock –  Class ATreasury StockAdditional
Paid in Capital
Retained
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Non
Controlling
Interests
 
SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Three months ended March 31, 2020
Balance—December 31, 201915,956,526 $160 $$$198,516 $(38,478)$(50)$(10,527)$149,621 
Net income— — — — — 858 — (23)835 
Net changes in unrealized investment securities gains or losses— — — — — — (84)(344)(428)
Common stock issued under equity compensation plan, net of forfeitures318,833 — — (3)— — — 
Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to equity awards— — — — — — (2)(2)
Equity-based compensation— — — — 252 — — 1,034 1,286 
Dividends declared on Class A common stock - $0.02 per share— — — — — (333)— — (333)
Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC— — — — (43)— — 43 
Balance—March 31, 202016,275,359 $163 $$$198,722 $(37,953)$(134)$(9,819)$150,979 
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 Common Stock –  Class ATreasury StockAdditional
Paid in Capital
Retained
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Non
Controlling
Interests
 
SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Three months ended June 30, 2020
Balance—March 31, 202016,275,359 $163 $$$198,722 $(37,953)$(134)$(9,819)$150,979 
Net income— — — — — 1,546 — 2,737 4,283 
Net changes in unrealized investment securities gains or losses— — — — — — 22 157 179 
Equity-based compensation— — — — 271 — — 559 830 
Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC— — — — (90,299)— — (486)(90,785)
Deferred tax impacts from transactions with shareholders3,606 3,606 
Balance—June 30, 202016,275,359 $163 $112,300 $(36,407)$(112)$(6,852)$69,092 
Six months ended June 30, 2020
Balance—December 31, 201915,956,526 $160 $$$198,516 $(38,478)$(50)$(10,527)$149,621 
Net income— — — — — 2,404 — 2,714 5,118 
Net changes in unrealized investment securities gains or losses— — — — — — (62)(187)(249)
Common stock issued under equity compensation plan, net of forfeitures318,833 — — (3)— — — 
Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to equity awards— — — — — — (2)(2)
Equity-based compensation— — — — 522 — — 1,593 2,115 
Dividends declared on Class A common stock - $0.02 per share— — — — — (333)— — (333)
Impact of changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group, LLC— — — — (90,341)— — (443)(90,784)
Deferred tax impacts from transactions with shareholders3,606 3,606 
Balance—June 30, 202016,275,359 $163 $$$112,300 $(36,407)$(112)$(6,852)$69,092 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended March 31, Six months ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interestsNet income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests$5,964 $835 Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests$12,705 $5,118 
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity-based compensationEquity-based compensation1,227 1,286 Equity-based compensation2,103 2,115 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization436 378 Depreciation and amortization909 796 
Change in amounts payable under tax receivable agreementChange in amounts payable under tax receivable agreement2,850 Change in amounts payable under tax receivable agreement228 1,936 
Impairment of long-lived assetsImpairment of long-lived assets553 
Gain on sale of intangible assetsGain on sale of intangible assets(19)Gain on sale of intangible assets(21)
Net losses (gains) on investment securitiesNet losses (gains) on investment securities(337)1,832 Net losses (gains) on investment securities(714)416 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes756 (3,734)Deferred income taxes1,240 (1,853)
(Increase) decrease in operating assets and increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:(Increase) decrease in operating assets and increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:(Increase) decrease in operating assets and increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable1,139 676 Accounts receivable(619)(1,191)
Prepaid expenses and other assetsPrepaid expenses and other assets(2,089)(2,528)Prepaid expenses and other assets1,215 (2,708)
Other long-term assetsOther long-term assets627 767 Other long-term assets1,261 1,574 
Accounts payableAccounts payable484 (309)Accounts payable130 (375)
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities(13,868)(9,761)Accrued expenses and other liabilities(9,226)(4,705)
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue640 285 Deferred revenue1,459 18 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities(706)(1,534)Other long-term liabilities(1,434)(2,163)
Net cash used in operating activities(5,727)(8,976)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) operating activities9,257 (490)
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipmentPurchase of property and equipment(2)76 Purchase of property and equipment(53)(204)
Sale of investmentsSale of investments4,001 17,518 Sale of investments5,369 69,531 
Purchase of investmentsPurchase of investments(4,063)(10,520)Purchase of investments(6,157)(20,298)
Sale of intangible assetsSale of intangible assets19 Sale of intangible assets21 
Proceeds from maturity of investmentsProceeds from maturity of investments10,165 Proceeds from maturity of investments1,250 16,400 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(64)17,258 
Net cash provided by investing activitiesNet cash provided by investing activities409 65,450 
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Distributions to noncontrolling interestsDistributions to noncontrolling interests(295)Distributions to noncontrolling interests(572)
Dividends paid on Class A common stockDividends paid on Class A common stock(319)Dividends paid on Class A common stock(645)
Payment of shares withheld to satisfy withholding requirementsPayment of shares withheld to satisfy withholding requirements(3,349)(2)Payment of shares withheld to satisfy withholding requirements(5,602)(2)
Purchases of treasury stockPurchases of treasury stock(2,987)Purchases of treasury stock(5,337)
Payment of capital lease obligationsPayment of capital lease obligations(18)(30)Payment of capital lease obligations(18)(41)
Payment of issuing common stock costsPayment of issuing common stock costs(56)
Purchase of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group, LLCPurchase of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group, LLC(90,783)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(6,649)(351)Net cash used in financing activities(11,585)(91,471)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(12,440)7,931 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(1,919)(26,511)
Cash and cash equivalents:Cash and cash equivalents:Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of periodBeginning of period57,635 67,088 Beginning of period57,635 67,088 
End of periodEnd of period$45,195 $75,019 End of period$55,716 $40,577 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1—Organization and Nature of the Business
Manning & Napier, Inc. ("Manning & Napier" or the "Company") is an independent investment management firm that provides our clients with a broad range of financial solutions and investment solutions through separately managed accounts, mutual funds, and collective investment trust funds, as well as a variety of consultative services that complement its investment process.strategies. Founded in 1970 the Company offers equity, fixed income and alternative strategies, as well as a range of blended asset portfolios, including life cycle funds. Headquarteredheadquartered in Fairport, New York,NY, the Company serves a diversified client base of high-net-worth individuals and institutions, including 401(k) plans, pension plans, Taft-Hartley plans, endowments and foundations. The Company's investment strategies offer equity, fixed income and a range of blended asset portfolios, including life cycle funds.
The Company was incorporated in 2011 as a Delaware corporation, and is the sole managing member of Manning & Napier Group, LLC and its subsidiaries (“Manning & Napier Group”), a holding company for the investment management businesses conducted by its operating subsidiaries. The Company completed the exchange of 1,562,959 Class A units held by M&N Group Holdings, LLC ("M&N Group Holdings") and 30,010 Class A units held by Manning & Napier Capital Company, LLC ("MNCC"), the entirety of its ownership in Manning & Napier Group, on June 30, 2021 through the issuance of 1,592,969 shares of unregistered Class A Common Stock of the Company. As a result, Manning & Napier acquired an equivalent number of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group and its ownership of Manning & Napier Group increased from approximately 89.0% to 97.7% (Refer to Note 4 for further discussion). The diagram below depicts the Company's organizational structure as of March 31,June 30, 2021.
mn-20210331_g1.jpgmn-20210630_g1.jpg
(1)The consolidated operating subsidiaries of Manning & Napier Group include Manning & Napier Advisors, LLC ("MNA"), Manning & Napier Investor Services, Inc., Exeter Trust Company and Rainier Investment Management, LLC ("Rainier").
Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Critical Accounting Policies
The Company's critical accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company believes that the disclosures herein are adequate so that the information presented is not misleading; however, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The financial data for the interim periods may not necessarily be indicative of results for future interim periods or for the full year.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and related rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates or assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates or assumptions.

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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates all majority-owned subsidiaries. As of March 31,June 30, 2021, Manning & Napier holds an economic interest of approximately 88.9%97.7% in Manning & Napier Group and, as managing member, controls all of the business and affairs of Manning & Napier Group. As a result, the Company consolidates the financial results of Manning & Napier Group and records a noncontrolling interest on its consolidated statements of financial condition with respect to the remaining economic interest in Manning & Napier Group held by Manning & Napier Group Holdings, LLC ("M&N Group Holdings") and Manning & Napier Capital Company, LLC ("MNCC").Holdings.
All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810) – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, the determination of whether a company is required to consolidate an entity is based on, among other things, an entity’s purpose and design, a company’s ability to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and whether a company is obligated to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the entity. The standard also requires ongoing assessments of whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). When utilizing the voting interest entity ("VOE") model, controlling financial interest is generally defined as majority ownership of voting interests.
The Company provides seed capital to its investment teams to develop new strategies and services for its clients. The original seed investment may be held in a separately managed account, comprised solely of the Company's investments or within a mutual fund, where the Company's investments may represent all or only a portion of the total equity investment in the mutual fund. Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, the Company evaluates its investments in mutual funds on a regular basis and consolidates such mutual funds for which it holds a controlling financial interest. When no longer deemed to hold a controlling financial interest, the Company would deconsolidate the fund and classify the remaining investment as either an equity method investment, equity investments, at fair value, or as trading securities, as applicable. As of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have investments classified as an equity method investment.
The Company serves as the investment adviser for Manning & Napier Fund, Inc. series of mutual funds (the “Fund”), Exeter Trust Company Collective Investment Trusts (“CIT”) and Rainier Multiple Investment Trust. The Fund, CIT and Rainier Multiple Investment Trust are legal entities, the business and affairs of which are managed by their respective boards of directors. As a result, each of these entities is a VOE. The Company holds, in limited cases, direct investments in a mutual fund (which are made on the same terms as are available to other investors) and consolidates each of these entities where it has a controlling financial interest or a majority voting interest. The Company's investments in the Fund amounted to approximately $1.1 million as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2020. As of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have a controlling financial interest in any mutual fund.
Revenue
Investment Management: Investment management fees are computed as a percentage of AUM.assets under management ("AUM"). The Company's performance obligation is a series of services that form part of a single performance obligation satisfied over time.
Separately managed accounts are paid in advance, typically for a semi-annual or quarterly period, or in arrears, typically for a monthly or quarterly period. When investment management fees are paid in advance, the Company defers the revenue as a contract liability and recognizes it over the applicable period. When investment management fees are paid in arrears, the Company estimates revenue and records a contract asset (accrued accounts receivable) based on AUM as of the most recent month end date.
Mutual funds and collective investment trust investment management revenue is calculated and earned daily based on AUM. Revenue is presented net of cash rebates and fees waived pursuant to contractual expense limitations of the funds. The Company also has agreements with third parties who provide recordkeeping and administrative services for employee benefit plans participating in the collective investment trusts. The Company is acting as an agent on behalf of the employee benefit plan sponsors, therefore, investment management revenue is recorded net of fees paid to third party service providers.
Distribution and shareholder servicing: The Company receives distribution and servicing fees for providing services to its affiliated mutual funds. Revenue is computed and earned daily based on a percentage of AUM. The performance obligation is a series of services that form part of a single performance obligation satisfied over time. The Company has agreements with third parties who provide distribution and administrative services for its mutual funds. The agreements are evaluated to determine whether revenue should be reported gross or net of payments to third-party service providers. The Company controls the services provided and acts as a principal in the relationship. Therefore, distribution and shareholder servicing revenue is recorded gross of fees paid to third parties.
Custodial services: Custodial service fees are calculated as a percentage of the client’s market value with additional fees charged for certain transactions. For the safeguarding and administrative services that are subject to a percentage of market
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
value fee, the Company's performance obligation is a series of services that form part of a single performance obligation satisfied over time. Revenue for transactions assigned a stand-alone selling price is recognized in the period in which the transaction is executed. Custodial service fees are billed monthly in arrears. The Company has agreements with third parties who provide safeguarding, recordkeeping and administrative services for their clients. The Company controls the services provided and acts as a principal in the relationship. Therefore, custodial service revenue is recorded gross of fees paid to third parties.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company generally considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are primarily held in operating accounts at major financial institutions and also in money market securities. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value due to the short-term maturity of these investments. The fair value of cash equivalents has been classified as Level 1 in accordance with the fair value hierarchy.
Investment Securities
Investment securities are classified as either equity investments, trading, equity method investments or available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical or similar instruments.
Investment securities classified as equity investments, at fair value consist of equity securities and investments in mutual funds for which the Company provides advisory services. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity investments, at fair value or trading securities, as applicable, are recorded in net gains (losses) on investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
Investment securities classified as available-for-sale consist of U.S. Treasury notes and corporate bonds. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported, net of deferred income tax, as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity until realized. The Company periodically reviews each individual security position that has an unrealized loss, or impairment, to determine if that impairment is other-than-temporary. If impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, the carrying value of the security will be written down to fair value and the loss will be recognized in earnings. Realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities are computed on a specific identification basis and are recorded in net gains (losses) on investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
Property, Equipment, Software and Depreciation
Property and equipment is presented net of accumulated depreciation of approximately $12.3 million and $12.6 million as of March 31,both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Capitalized implementation costs for hosting arrangements are included within prepaid expenses and other assets on the Company's statements of financial condition and totaled approximately $6.0$6.5 million and $5.3 million, net of accumulated amortization, as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess cost over the fair value of the identifiable net assets of acquired companies. Identifiable intangible assets generally represent the cost of client relationships and investment management agreements acquired as well as trademarks. Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Intangible assets subject to amortization are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill and intangible assets require significant management estimate and judgment, including the valuation and expected life determination in connection with the initial purchase price allocation and the ongoing evaluation for impairment.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities and operating lease liabilities, non-current on its consolidated statements of financial condition. Finance leases are included in other long-term assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on its consolidated statements of financial condition.
ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate, for each identified lease, is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
operating lease ROU asset is reduced for any lease incentives. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are combined for all classes of underlying assets.
Treasury Stock
On February 3, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to purchase up to $10.0 million of Manning & Napier Inc. Class A common shares. As of March 31,June 30, 2021, the Company had purchased 412,405713,665 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate price of approximately $3.0$5.3 million.
Treasury stock is accounted for under the cost method and is included as a deduction from equity in the Shareholders' Equity section of the consolidated statements of financial condition. Upon any subsequent retirement or resale, the treasury stock account is reduced by the cost of such stock.
Operating Segments
The Company operates in 1 segment, the investment management industry.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including interim-period accounting for enacted changes in the tax law. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU as of January 1, 2021 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Note 3—Revenue
Disaggregated Revenue
The following table represents the Company’s wealth management and institutional and intermediary investment management revenue by investment portfolio during the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020:
Three months ended March 31, 2021Three months ended March 31, 2020Three months ended June 30, 2021Three months ended June 30, 2020
Wealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotal
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Blended AssetBlended Asset$13,634 $8,068 $21,702 $11,942 $8,186 $20,128 Blended Asset$14,215 $8,346 22,561 $11,984 $7,650 $19,634 
EquityEquity1,608 5,865 7,473 1,885 3,899 5,784 Equity1,784 6,374 8,158 1,465 4,350 5,815 
Fixed IncomeFixed Income106 395 501 193 326 519 Fixed Income112 421 533 122 311 433 
TotalTotal$15,348 $14,328 $29,676 $14,020 $12,411 $26,431 Total16,111 $15,141 $31,252 $13,571 $12,311 $25,882 
Six months ended June 30, 2021Six months ended June 30, 2020
Wealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotal
(in thousands)
Blended AssetBlended Asset$27,849 $16,414 $44,263 $23,926 $15,836 $39,762 
EquityEquity3,392 12,239 15,631 3,350 8,249 11,599 
Fixed IncomeFixed Income218 816 1,034 315 637 952 
TotalTotal$31,459 $29,469 $60,928 $27,591 $24,722 $52,313 

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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Accounts receivable - third partiesAccounts receivable - third parties$6,174 $7,315 Accounts receivable - third parties$7,821 $7,315 
Accounts receivable - affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trustsAccounts receivable - affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts4,602 4,600 Accounts receivable - affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts4,713 4,600 
Total accounts receivableTotal accounts receivable$10,776 $11,915 Total accounts receivable$12,534 $11,915 
Accounts receivable represents the Company's unconditional rights to consideration arising from its performance under separately managed account, mutual fund and collective investment trust, distribution and shareholder servicing, and custodial service contracts. Accounts receivable balances do not include an allowance for doubtful accounts nor has any significant bad debt expense attributable to accounts receivable been recorded during the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 or 2020.
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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Advisory and Distribution Agreements
The Company earns investment advisory fees, distribution fees and administrative service fees under agreements with affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts. Fees earned for advisory and distribution services provided were approximately $9.9$10.6 million and $20.5 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, respectively, and approximately $8.9$8.5 million and $17.4 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2020, respectively, which represents greater than 25% of revenue in each period. The following provides amounts due from affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts reported within accounts receivable in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Affiliated mutual fundsAffiliated mutual funds$3,270 $3,275 Affiliated mutual funds$3,332 $3,275 
Affiliated collective investment trustsAffiliated collective investment trusts1,332 1,325 Affiliated collective investment trusts1,381 1,325 
Accounts receivable - affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trustsAccounts receivable - affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts$4,602 $4,600 Accounts receivable - affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts$4,713 $4,600 

Contract assets and liabilities
Accrued accounts receivable: Accrued accounts receivable represents the Company's contract asset for revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing separately managed account contracts. Consideration for the period billed in arrears is dependent on the client’s AUM on a future billing date and therefore conditional as of the reporting period end. During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, revenue was increased by less than $0.1 million for changes in transaction price. Accrued accounts receivable of approximately $0.3 million is reported within prepaid expenses and other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition for both March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Deferred revenue: Deferred revenue is recorded when consideration is received or unconditionally due in advance of providing services to the Company's customer. Revenue recognized during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was approximately $8.8$11.3 million.
Costs to obtain a contract: Under compensation plans in effect for periods prior to January 1, 2020, certain incremental first year commissions directly associated with new customer contracts were capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated customer contract period of 3 to 7 years. The total net asset as of both March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was approximately $0.6 million and $0.7 million.million, respectively. The related amortization expense, which is included in compensation and related costs, totaled less thanapproximately $0.1 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. An impairment loss is recorded for contract acquisition costs related to client contracts that cancel during the period. There were 0These impairment losses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 andtotaled less than $0.1 million for both the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020.
Note 4—Noncontrolling Interests
Manning & Napier holds an economic interest of approximately 88.9%97.7% in Manning & Napier Group, and as managing member controls all of the business and affairs of Manning & Napier Group. As a result, the Company consolidates the financial results of Manning & Napier Group and records a noncontrolling interest on its consolidated statements of financial condition with respect to the remaining approximately 11.1%2.3% economic interest in Manning & Napier Group held by M&N Group Holdings and MNCC.Holdings. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests on the statements of operations represents the portion of earnings attributable to the economic interest in Manning & Napier Group held by the noncontrolling interests.
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Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table provides a reconciliation from “Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes” to “Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.”:
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes$6,667 $(2,391)
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxesIncome before provision for (benefit from) income taxes$8,026 $5,743 $14,693 $3,352 
Less: income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc. (1)
Less: income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc. (1)
(2,866)
Less: income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc. (1)
(218)901 (211)(1,965)
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes, as adjusted6,660 475 
Income before provision for income taxes, as adjustedIncome before provision for income taxes, as adjusted8,244 4,842 14,904 5,317 
Controlling interest percentage (2)
Controlling interest percentage (2)
88.9 %19.5 %
Controlling interest percentage (2)
90.1 %44.5 %89.6 %42.3 %
Net income attributable to controlling interestNet income attributable to controlling interest5,921 93 Net income attributable to controlling interest7,426 2,154 13,347 2,247 
Plus: income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc. (1)
Plus: income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc. (1)
(2,866)
Plus: income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc. (1)
(218)901 (211)(1,965)
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.5,928 (2,773)Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.7,208 3,055 13,136 282 
Less: provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc.(3)
Less: provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc.(3)
688 (3,631)
Less: provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc.(3)
1,283 1,509 1,971 (2,122)
Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,240 $858 Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,925 $1,546 $11,165 $2,404 
________________________
(1)Manning & Napier, Inc. incurs certain income or expenses that are only attributable to it and are therefore excluded from the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.
(2)Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes is allocated to the controlling interest based on the percentage of units of Manning & Napier Group held by Manning & Napier, Inc. The amount represents the Company's weighted ownership of Manning & Napier Group's income for the respective periods.
(3)The consolidated provision for (benefit from) income taxes is equal to the sum of (i) the provision for (benefit from) income taxes for entities other than Manning & Napier, Inc. and (ii) the provision for (benefit from) income taxes of Manning & Napier, Inc. which includes all U.S. federal and state income taxes. The consolidated provision for (benefit from) income taxes was a provision of $0.7$1.3 million and a benefit of $3.2$1.5 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and a provision of $2.0 million and benefit of $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

As of March 31,June 30, 2021, a total of 2,021,781428,812 units of Manning & Napier Group were held by the noncontrolling interests. Pursuant to the terms of the exchange agreement entered into at the time of the Company's initial public offering ("Exchange Agreement"), such units may be tendered for exchange or redemption. For any units exchanged, the Company may (i) pay an amount of cash equal to the number of tendered units multiplied by the value of one share of the Company's Class A common stock less a market discount and expected expenses, or, at the Company's election, (ii) issue shares of the Company's Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary adjustments. As the Company receives units of Manning & Napier Group that are exchanged, the Company's ownership of Manning & Napier Group will increase.
On March 15, 2021, the Company received notice that 1,592,969 of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group were tendered for redemption or exchange. The independent directors, on behalf of the Company, decided that such exchange willwould be settled in 1,592,969 shares of unregistered Class A Common Stockcommon stock of the Company. The Company expects the settlement ofcompleted the exchange on June 30, 2021 and as a result, Manning & Napier acquired an equivalent number of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group and its ownership of Manning & Napier Group increased from 89.0% to occur later in the year.97.7%.
During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, Class A common stock was issued under the Company's 2011 Equity Compensation Plan (the "Equity Plan") for which Manning & Napier, Inc. acquired an equivalent number of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following is the impact to the Company's equity ownership interest in Manning & Napier Group for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021:
Manning & Napier Group Class A Units HeldManning & Napier Group Class A Units Held

Manning & Napier
 
Noncontrolling Interests
TotalManning & Napier Ownership %
Manning & Napier
 
Noncontrolling Interests
TotalManning & Napier Ownership %
As of December 31, 2020As of December 31, 202015,783,638 2,021,781 17,805,419 88.6%As of December 31, 202015,783,638 2,021,781 17,805,419 88.6%
Class A Units issuedClass A Units issued433,259 — 433,259 0.3%Class A Units issued624,323 — 624,323 0.4%
As of March 31, 202116,216,897 2,021,781 18,238,678 88.9%
Class A Units exchangedClass A Units exchanged1,592,969 (1,592,969)8.7%
As of June 30, 2021As of June 30, 202118,000,930 428,812 18,429,742 97.7%
Manning & Napier Inc., as managing member, controls all of the business and affairs of Manning & Napier Group. Since the Company continues to have a controlling interest in Manning & Napier Group, the aforementioned changes in ownership of Manning & Napier Group were accounted for as equity transactions under ASC Topic 810, Consolidation. Additional paid-in capital and noncontrolling interests in the consolidated statements of financial position are adjusted to reallocate the Company's historical equity to reflect the change in ownership of Manning & Napier Group.
As a result of the completion of the exchange on June 30, 2021 and Manning & Napier Group's election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"), the Company expects to benefit from future depreciation and amortization deductions resulting from increases in the tax basis of tangible and intangible assets of Manning & Napier Group. Those deductions allocated to the Company will be taken into account in reporting the Company's taxable income resulting in the recognition of a deferred tax asset.
Manning & Napier and the holders of Manning & Napier Group are party to a tax receivable agreement ("TRA"), pursuant to which Manning & Napier is required to pay to such holders 85% of the applicable cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that Manning & Napier actually realizes, or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances, as a result of (i) certain tax attributes of their units sold to Manning & Napier or exchanged (for shares of Class A common stock) and that are created as a result of the sales or exchanges and payments under the TRA and (ii) tax benefits related to imputed interest.
Accordingly, as a result of the completion of the exchange on June 30, 2021, deferred tax assets, amounts payable under the tax receivable agreement and additional paid-in capital increased by approximately $1.9 million, $1.6 million and $0.3 million respectively, within the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition as of June 30, 2021. In addition, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset of approximately $0.3 million, resulting from an increased share of Manning & Napier Group's existing deferred tax assets.
At both March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had recorded a liability of $20.8 million and $19.0 million, respectively, representing the estimated payments due to the selling unit holders under the tax receivable agreement ("TRA")TRA entered into between Manning & Napier and the other holders of Class A Units of Manning & Napier Group. Of these amounts, approximately $5.2 million were included in accrued expenses and other liabilities at both March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company made 0 payments pursuant to the TRA during either of the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Obligations pursuant to the TRA are obligations of Manning & Napier. They do not impact the noncontrolling interests. These obligations are not income tax obligations. Furthermore, the TRA has no impact on the allocation of the provision for income taxes to the Company’s net income.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 5—Investment Securities
The following represents the Company’s investment securities holdings as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
March 31, 2021June 30, 2021
CostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
CostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Available-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury notesU.S. Treasury notes$11,089 $$(130)$10,959 U.S. Treasury notes$11,086 $$(172)$10,914 
Fixed income securitiesFixed income securities5,952 (45)5,907 Fixed income securities6,153 (62)6,091 
16,866 17,005 
Equity investments, at fair valueEquity investments, at fair valueEquity investments, at fair value
Equity securitiesEquity securities5,980 Equity securities5,567 
Mutual fundsMutual funds1,059 Mutual funds1,126 
7,039 6,693 
Total investment securitiesTotal investment securities$23,905 Total investment securities$23,698 
December 31, 2020
CostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
 (in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury notes$10,587 $$(89)$10,498 
Fixed income securities6,497 (94)6,403 
16,901 
Equity investments, at fair value
Equity securities5,592 
Mutual funds1,004 
6,596 
Total investment securities$23,497 
Investment securities are classified as either equity investments or available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical or similar instruments.
Investment securities classified as equity investments, at fair value consist of equity securities and investments in mutual funds for which the Company provides advisory services. At March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, equity investments, at fair value consist of investments held by the Company to provide initial cash seeding for product development purposes and investments in mutual funds to hedge economic exposure to market movements on its deferred compensation plan. The Company recognized approximately $0.3 million of net unrealized gains and $1.8$0.6 million of net unrealized losses related to investments classified as equity investments, at fair value during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Investment securities classified as available-for-sale consist of U.S. Treasury notes and corporate bonds to optimize cash management opportunities and for compliance with certain regulatory requirements. As of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately $0.6 million of these securities was considered restricted. The Company periodically reviews each individual security position that has an unrealized loss, or impairment, to determine if that impairment is other-than-temporary. NaN other-than-temporary impairment charges have been recognized by the Company during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Note 6—Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that the Company would receive upon selling an investment in an orderly transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market of the investment. A fair value hierarchy is applied that gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).
13

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value:
Level 1—observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical securities;
14

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Level 2—other significant observable inputs (including but not limited to quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment rates, credit risk, etc.); and
Level 3—significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).
The following table summarizes the hierarchy of inputs used to derive the fair value of the Company’s assets as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020: 
March 31, 2021June 30, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalsLevel 1Level 2Level 3Totals
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Equity securitiesEquity securities$5,980 $$$5,980 Equity securities$5,567 $$$5,567 
Fixed income securitiesFixed income securities5,907 5,907 Fixed income securities6,091 6,091 
Mutual fundsMutual funds1,059 1,059 Mutual funds1,126 1,126 
U.S. Treasury notesU.S. Treasury notes10,959 10,959 U.S. Treasury notes10,914 10,914 
Total assets at fair valueTotal assets at fair value$7,039 $16,866 $$23,905 Total assets at fair value$6,693 $17,005 $$23,698 
December 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Level 3Totals
 (in thousands)
Equity securities$5,592 $$$5,592 
Fixed income securities6,403 6,403 
Mutual funds1,004 1,004 
U.S. Treasury notes10,498 10,498 
Total assets at fair value$6,596 $16,901 $$23,497 

Valuations of investments in fixed income securities and U.S. Treasury notes can generally be obtained through independent pricing services. For most bond types, the pricing service utilizes matrix pricing, which considers one or more of the following factors: yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, current cash flows, type and current day trade information, as well as dealer supplied prices. These valuations are categorized as Level 2 in the hierarchy.
The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out of the valuation levels as of the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between valuation levels during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021.
Note 7—Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Accrued bonus and sales commissionsAccrued bonus and sales commissions$6,427 $19,999 Accrued bonus and sales commissions$13,004 $19,999 
Accrued payroll and benefitsAccrued payroll and benefits3,736 4,629 Accrued payroll and benefits2,789 4,629 
Accrued sub-transfer agent feesAccrued sub-transfer agent fees436 437 Accrued sub-transfer agent fees454 437 
Amounts payable under tax receivable agreementAmounts payable under tax receivable agreement5,220 5,220 Amounts payable under tax receivable agreement5,220 5,220 
Short-term operating lease liabilitiesShort-term operating lease liabilities2,902 2,854 Short-term operating lease liabilities2,945 2,854 
Other accruals and liabilitiesOther accruals and liabilities3,435 3,300 Other accruals and liabilities2,429 3,300 
Total accrued expenses and other liabilitiesTotal accrued expenses and other liabilities$22,156 $36,439 Total accrued expenses and other liabilities$26,841 $36,439 
14

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 8—Leases
The Company has operating and finance leases for office space and certain equipment. For these leases, the office space or equipment is an explicitly identified asset within the contract. The Company has determined that it has obtained substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the underlying asset and directs how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract.
15

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Certain of the Company's operating leases have been subleased for which the Company will receive cash totaling approximately $3.63.8 million over the remaining term of such leases. The lease terms for the threefour subleased operating leases end inranging from 2025 2027 andto 2028.
The components of lease expense for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Finance lease expenseFinance lease expenseFinance lease expense
Amortization of right-of-use assetsAmortization of right-of-use assets$24 $25 Amortization of right-of-use assets$12 $23 $36 $48 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest on lease liabilitiesInterest on lease liabilities
Operating lease expenseOperating lease expense826 792 Operating lease expense819 1,428 1,645 2,220 
Short-term lease expenseShort-term lease expenseShort-term lease expense
Variable lease expenseVariable lease expense41 75 Variable lease expense98 72 139 147 
Sublease incomeSublease income(165)(166)Sublease income(179)(161)(344)(327)
Total lease expenseTotal lease expense$728 $729 Total lease expense$751 $1,365 $1,479 $2,094 


Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leasesOperating cash flows from finance leases$$Operating cash flows from finance leases$$$$
Finance cash flows from finance leasesFinance cash flows from finance leases$16 27 Finance cash flows from finance leases$17 $24 $33 51 
Operating cash flows from operating leasesOperating cash flows from operating leases$946 720 Operating cash flows from operating leases$945 $940 $1,891 1,660 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
Finance leasesFinance leases$Finance leases$$$
Operating leasesOperating leases$38 $136 Operating leases$$$38 $136 
1516

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of March 31,June 30, 2021 was as follows:
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)March 31,June 30, 2021
Finance Leases
Finance lease right-of-use assets (1)
$130114 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities$6765 
Other long-term liabilities7156 
Total finance lease liabilities$138121 
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets$15,85915,266 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities$2,9022,945 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current15,93515,177 
Total operating lease liabilities$18,83718,122 
Weighted average remaining lease term
Finance leases2.29 Years2.08 years
Operating leases6.27 Years6.05 years
Weighted average discount rate
Finance leases4.384.37 %
Operating leases5.145.15 %
_______________________BS_______________________
(1)Amounts included in other long-term assets within the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
Twelve month period ending March 31,Finance LeasesOperating Leases
Twelve month period ending June 30,Twelve month period ending June 30,Finance LeasesOperating Leases
(in thousands)(in thousands)
20222022$72 $3,793 2022$68 $3,795 
2023202346 3,705 202342 3,596 
2024202427 3,359 202417 3,357 
202520253,235 20253,135 
202620262,966 20262,968 
ThereafterThereafter4,970 Thereafter4,227 
Total lease paymentsTotal lease payments145 22,028 Total lease payments127 21,078 
Less imputed interestLess imputed interest(7)(3,191)Less imputed interest(6)(2,956)
Total lease liabilitiesTotal lease liabilities$138 $18,837 Total lease liabilities$121 $18,122 
Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies
The Company may from time to time enter into agreements that contain certain representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. The Company may also serve as a guarantor of such obligations. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. The Company expects any risk of liability associated with such guarantees to be remote.
1617

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Regulation
As an investment adviser to a variety of investment products, the Company and its affiliated broker-dealer are subject to routine reviews and inspections by the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Additionally, the Company could be subject to non-routine reviews and inspections by the National Futures Association and U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission in regards to the Company’s de minimis exposure to commodity interest investments in the mutual funds and collective investment trust vehicles it operates. From time to time the Company may also be subject to claims, or be involved in various legal proceedings, arising in the ordinary course of its business and other contingencies. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any of these reviews, inspections or other legal proceedings will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements; however, litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual litigated matters is difficult to predict. The Company will establish accruals for matters that are probable, can be reasonably estimated, and may take into account any related insurance recoveries to the extent of such recoveries. As of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company has not accrued for any such claims, legal proceedings, or other contingencies.
Note 10—Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per share (“basic EPS”) is computed using the two-class method to determine net income available to Class A common stock. The two-class method includes an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each participating security according to dividends declared and undistributed earnings for the period. The Company's restricted Class A common shares granted under the Equity Plan have non-forfeitable dividend rights during their vesting period and are therefore considered participating securities under the two-class method. Under the two-class method, the Company's net income available to Class A common stock is reduced by the amount allocated to the unvested restricted Class A common stock. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income available to Class A common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings per share (“diluted EPS”) is computed under the more dilutive of either the treasury method or the two-class method. For the diluted calculation, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period is increased by the assumed conversion into Class A common stock of unvested restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock awards, and outstanding stock options (collectively, "outstanding equity awards"), as well as the exchangeable Class A units of Manning & Napier Group, to the extent that such conversion would dilute earnings per share.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests on the statements of operations represents the portion of earnings attributable to the economic interest of Manning & Napier Group held by the noncontrolling interests (Note 4). For periods in which the outstanding Class A Units of Manning & Napier Group are dilutive to the Company's earnings per share, the calculation of diluted earnings per share also takes into account the incremental net income that would be available to Class A common stock upon the conversion of Class A Units into Class A common stock.
1718

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following is a reconciliation of the income and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS computations for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020 under the two-class method:
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
(in thousands, except share data) (in thousands, except share data)
Numerator:Numerator:Numerator:
Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interestsNet income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests$5,964 $835 Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests$6,741 $4,283 $12,705 $5,118 
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests724 (23)Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests816 2,737 1,540 2,714 
Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,240 $858 Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,925 $1,546 $11,165 $2,404 
Less: allocation to participating securitiesLess: allocation to participating securities38 13 Less: allocation to participating securities13 46 27 
Net income available to Class A common stock for basic EPSNet income available to Class A common stock for basic EPS$5,202 $845 Net income available to Class A common stock for basic EPS$5,918 $1,533 $11,119 $2,377 
Plus: reallocation of net income attributable to participating securitiesPlus: reallocation of net income attributable to participating securitiesPlus: reallocation of net income attributable to participating securities
Plus: incremental net income as a result of conversion of Class A Units of Manning & Napier Group to Class A common stockPlus: incremental net income as a result of conversion of Class A Units of Manning & Napier Group to Class A common stock215 Plus: incremental net income as a result of conversion of Class A Units of Manning & Napier Group to Class A common stock1,270 1,485 
Net income available to Class A common stock for diluted EPSNet income available to Class A common stock for diluted EPS$5,207 $1,060 Net income available to Class A common stock for diluted EPS$5,919 $2,803 $11,127 $3,862 
Denominator:Denominator:Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basicWeighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basic17,026,500 15,812,951 Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basic16,956,265 16,132,667 16,991,188 15,972,809 
Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awardsDilutive effect of outstanding equity awards3,246,843 60,406 Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards3,358,020 1,762,681 3,299,726 660,725 
Dilutive effect of exchangeable Class A UnitsDilutive effect of exchangeable Class A Units62,034,200 Dilutive effect of exchangeable Class A Units28,400,866 45,217,533 
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - dilutedWeighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted20,273,343 77,907,557 Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted20,314,285 46,296,214 20,290,914 61,851,067 
Net income available to Class A common stock per share - basicNet income available to Class A common stock per share - basic$0.31 $0.05 Net income available to Class A common stock per share - basic$0.35 $0.09 $0.65 $0.15 
Net income available to Class A common stock per share - dilutedNet income available to Class A common stock per share - diluted$0.26 $0.01 Net income available to Class A common stock per share - diluted$0.29 $0.06 $0.55 $0.06 
Performance-based stock options are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS for periods in which the associated market condition has not yet been achieved. As such, for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, 288,0000 unvested performance-based stock options were excluded, and for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2020, 3,000,000 unvested performance-based stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
For each of the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, 0 unvested equity awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, 232,216179,133 and 1,276,391,408,481, respectively, unvested equity awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
At March 31,June 30, 2021, there were 2,021,781428,812 Class A Units of Manning & Napier Group outstanding, which, subject to certain restrictions, may be exchangeable for up to an equivalent number of shares of the Company's Class A common stock. These units were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
Note 11—Equity-Based Compensation
The Equity Plan was adopted by the Company's board of directors and approved by shareholders prior to the consummation of the Company's 2011 initial public offering. Under the Equity Plan, a total of 13,142,813 equity interests are authorized for issuance, and may be issued in the form of Class A common stock, restricted stock units, stock options, units of Manning & Napier Group, or certain classes of membership interests in the Company which may convert into units of Manning & Napier Group. At March 31,June 30, 2021, a total of 1,998,367 equity interests were available for issuance pursuant to the Equity Plan.
19

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table summarizes activity related to awards of restricted stock and restricted stock units (collectively, "stock awards") under the Equity Plan for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021:
Stock AwardsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 20213,044,981 $2.03 
Granted1,152,369 $6.04 
Vested(67,439)$6.56 
Forfeited(26,316)$1.57 
Outstanding at March 31, 20214,103,595 $3.08 
18

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Stock AwardsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 20213,044,981 $2.03 
Granted1,152,369 $6.04 
Vested(189,939)$10.20 
Forfeited(26,316)$1.57 
Outstanding at June 30, 20213,981,095 $2.80 
The weighted average fair value of stock awards granted during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 was $6.04, based on the closing sale price of the Company's Class A common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant, and, if not entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents during the vesting period, reduced by the present value of such amounts expected to be paid on the underlying shares during the requisite service period.
For the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, the Company recorded approximately $0.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to stock awards under the Equity Plan. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $1.2$0.7 million and $1.1$1.8 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to stock awards under the Equity Plan. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock awards that vested during each of the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $0.5 million.$1.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively. As of March 31,June 30, 2021, there was unrecognized compensation expense of approximately $10.0$9.1 million related to stock awards, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of approximately 4.24.1 years.
A summary of activity under the Equity Plan related to stock option awards during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 is presented below:
Stock Option AwardsWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Contractual Term
(years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
 Value
 (in thousands)
Stock Option AwardsWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Contractual Term
(years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
 Value
 (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021Outstanding at January 1, 20212,250,000 $2.01 Outstanding at January 1, 20212,250,000 $2.01 
GrantedGranted$Granted$
ExercisedExercised(1,100,000)$2.01 Exercised(1,750,000)$2.01 
ForfeitedForfeited$Forfeited$
Outstanding at March 31, 20211,150,000 $2.01 4.0$5,129 
Exercisable at March 31, 2021695,332 $2.01 3.9$3,101 
Outstanding at June 30, 2021Outstanding at June 30, 2021500,000 $2.01 4.1$2,930 
Exercisable at June 30, 2021Exercisable at June 30, 2021333,332 $2.01 3.7$1,953 
For each ofboth the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded approximately $0.1 million of compensation expense related to stock options under the Equity Plan. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to stock options under the Equity Plan. As of March 31,June 30, 2021, there was unrecognized compensation expense of approximately $0.1 million related to stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of approximately 0.90.3 years.
In connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and exercise of stock options during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, the Company withheld a total of 414,764705,504 shares of Class A common stock to satisfy approximately $2.9$5.2 million of employee income tax withholding requirements. These net share settlements had the effect of shares repurchased and retired by the Company, as they reduced the total number of Class A common shares outstanding.
Note 12—Income Taxes
The Company is comprised of entities that have elected to be treated as either a limited liability company ("LLC") or a “C-Corporation". As such, the entities functioning as LLCs are not liable for or able to benefit from U.S. federal and most state income taxes on their earnings, and earnings (losses) will be included in the personal income tax returns of each entity’s unit holders. The entities functioning as C-Corporations are liable for or able to benefit from U.S. federal and state and local income taxes on their earnings and losses, respectively.
20

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
In calculating the provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the estimated annual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changes in facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and at each interim period thereafter.
The Company’s income tax provision (benefit) and effective tax rate were as follows: 
Three months ended March 31, Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
20212020 2021202020212020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxesIncome (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes$6,667 $(2,391)Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes$8,026 $5,743 $14,693 $3,352 
Effective tax rateEffective tax rate10.5 %134.9 %Effective tax rate16.0 %25.4 %13.5 %(52.7)%
Provision for (benefit from) income taxesProvision for (benefit from) income taxes703 (3,226)Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,285 1,460 1,988 (1,766)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes at statutory rateProvision for (benefit from) income taxes at statutory rate1,400 (502)Provision for (benefit from) income taxes at statutory rate1,685 1,206 3,086 704 
Difference between tax at effective vs. statutory rateDifference between tax at effective vs. statutory rate$(697)$(2,724)Difference between tax at effective vs. statutory rate$(400)$254 $(1,098)$(2,470)
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes includes a benefit attributable to the fact that the Company’s operations include a series of flow-through entities which are generally not subject to federal and most state income taxes. Accordingly, a
19

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
portion of the Company’s earnings are not subject to corporate level taxes. The Company recognized a reduced benefit from the flow-through entities during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to March 31,June 30, 2020 due to a higher portion of Manning & Napier Group's earnings subject to taxation at the C-Corporation level attributed to Manning & Napier Inc.'s increased ownership of Manning & Napier Group as of March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to March 31,June 30, 2020.
In addition, the effective rate during the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 is lower than the statutory rate of 21% due to the incremental tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock option awards during the first and second quarters of 2021, partially offset by the impacts from permanent differences between book and tax income, including but not limited to Section 162(m) of the IRC which limits the annual amount of deductible compensation.
For the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020, the income tax benefit also includes the impact from the enactment of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") on March 27, 2020 which includes, among other things, the ability to carryback net operating losses from 2018, 2019 and 2020 when the federal tax rate was 34% compared to the current statutory ratesrate of 21%. As a result, the Company recognized an income tax benefit related to the favorable rate applied to its net operating losses.
A state is currently auditing the Company's 2016, 2017 and 2018 corporate tax returns. The audit is expected to be completed in 2021. As of March 31,June 30, 2021, the audit is in process and the state is collecting and evaluating the data for which the Company has not recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The Company believes any potential increases to this liability, which could be up to approximately $1.3 million, would not result in a material change to its financial position.
Note 13—Related Party Transactions
Transactions with noncontrolling members
From time to time, the Company may be asked to provide certain services, including accounting, legal and other administrative functions for the noncontrolling members of Manning & Napier Group. While immaterial, the Company has not received any reimbursement for such services.
The Company manages the personal funds of certain of the Company's executive officers and directors and/or their affiliated entities. Pursuant to the respective investment management agreements, in some instances the Company may waive or reduce its regular advisory fees for these accounts. The aggregate value of the fees earned was less than $0.1 million for each of the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020. NaN fees were waived for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and the aggregate value of the fees waived was less than $0.1 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020.
Affiliated fund transactions
The Company earns investment advisory fees, distribution fees and administrative service fees under agreements with affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts. Fees earned for advisory and distribution services provided were approximately $9.9$10.6 million and $20.5 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, respectively, and $8.9$8.5 million and $17.4 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020.June 30, 2020, respectively. Fees earned for administrative services provided were approximately $0.2$0.3 million and $0.4$0.5 million respectively, for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, respectively, and
21

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
$0.4 million and 2020.$0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. See Note 3 for disclosure of amounts due from affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts.
The Company incurs certain expenses on behalf of the collective investment trusts and has contractually agreed to limit its fees and reimburse expenses to limit operating expenses incurred by certain affiliated fund series. The aggregate value of fees waived and expenses reimbursed to, or incurred for, affiliated mutual funds and collective investment trusts were approximately $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $1.2$1.0 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, and $1.3 million and $2.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Note 14—Subsequent Events
Distribution
Subsequent to March 31,June 30, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $2.5$3.5 million distribution from Manning & Napier Group to Manning & Napier and the noncontrolling interests of Manning & Napier Group, of which approximately $0.3$0.1 million was paid to the noncontrolling members of Manning & Napier Group.
Exchange of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group
As of March 31, 2021, a total of 2,021,781 units of Manning & Napier Group were held by the noncontrolling interests. Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement, such units may be tendered for exchange or redemption. In connection with the exchange, the Company has the ability to pay an amount of cash equal to the number of units tendered multiplied by the 15 day average value of one share of the Company'sDividend on Class A common stock between February 22,
On July 20, 2021, and March 12, 2021 less a
20

Manning & Napier, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
market discount and expected expenses, or at the Company's election issue sharesBoard of Directors declared a $0.05 per share dividend to the holders of Class A common stockstock. The dividend is payable on a one-for-one basis for each unit tendered.
On March 15,or about August 16, 2021 the Company received notice that 1,592,969to shareholders of Class A unitsrecord as of Manning & Napier Group were tendered for redemption or exchange. The independent directors, on behalf of the Company, have decided that such exchange will be settled in 1,592,969 shares of unregistered Class A Common Stock of the Company. The Company expects the settlement of the exchange to occur later in the year. As a result of the exchange, Manning & Napier, Inc. will acquire an equivalent number of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group, resulting in an increase in its ownership of Manning & Napier Group from approximately 88.9% to 98%.August 2, 2021.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), which reflect the views of Manning & Napier, Inc. ("we," "our," or "us") with respect to, among other things, our future operations and financial performance. Words like "believes," "expects," "may," "estimates," "will," "should," "could," "intends," "likely," "plans," or "anticipates" or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, are used to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words.
Although we believe that we are basing our expectations and beliefs on reasonable assumptions within the bounds of what we currently know about our business and operations, there can be no assurance that our actual results will not differ materially from what we expect or believe. Some of the factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations or beliefs are disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section, as well as other sections, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K which include, without limitation: changes in securities or financial markets or general economic conditions; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related recovery efforts on the U.S. and global economy; a decline in the performance of our products; client sales and redemption activity; any loss of an executive officer or key personnel; changes in our business related to strategic acquisitions and other transactions; and changes of government policy or regulations. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made and we undertake no duty to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
Our Business
Manning & Napier, Inc. is an independent investment management firm that provides our clients with a broad range of financial solutions and investment strategies. Founded in 1970 and headquartered in Fairport, New York, we serve a diversified client base of high-net-worth individuals and institutions, including 401(k) plans, pension plans, Taft-Hartley plans, endowments and foundations. Our investment strategies offer equity, fixed income and a range of blended asset portfolios, by employing traditional and quantitative approaches.including life cycle funds.
Impact of COVID-19
We are continuing to address the challenges of COVID-19 by protecting the health and well-being of our employees, while servicing our clients and leveraging technology to fully support our business needs in a primarily digital manner.
As
We are closely monitoring the economy and financial markets continue recovering from the impact of COVID-19, we expect our business to gradually return to a pre-pandemic, ‘normal’ state. More directly, any potential near-term impacts of a COVID-19 resurgence on our investment performance, financial statements, capital and liquidity, and our business operations are lessening, andoperations. Our financial condition is stable, which we believe it is no longer an immediate concern.will allow us to effectively manage the financial impacts of COVID-19. We believe our balance sheet should provide us with more than sufficient resources and flexibility to meet our present and future cash needs, as well as to continue investing in key strategic initiatives.
We continue to assess the risks associated with COVID-19 and to mitigate them where possible.
For further discussion regarding the potential future impacts of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on the Company's financial statements, capital and liquidity, and business operations, see the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Market Developments
FirstSecond quarter financial market performance was decidedly mixedstrong as another strong quarter ofboth equity market returns was partially offset by one of the most difficult three-month stretches for aggregate USand fixed income in decades, catalyzedmarkets added further gains onto their already robust post-pandemic rallies. Within the US, economic activity surged, driven by a substantial move higher in US Treasury interest rates.
The post-pandemic stock market recovery persisted to open 2021 as the vaccine rollout partialand a further economic re-openings,reopening. Business activity was bolstered by a wave of consumer spending, as well as the continuation of ultra-accommodative fiscal and rising expectations for strongmonetary stimulus programs.
For most of the first half of the quarter, equity market leadership was within smaller and more economically sensitive areas. By the end of the quarter, however, economic growth ahead powered equities higher. Gains were led by stocks in the value-style and of smaller capitalization, a continuation of a trend reversal first experienced at the tail end of last year. Internationally,expectations began to moderate, causing investor preferences to sharply swing back toward more growth-oriented businesses. Elsewhere, international equity returns were broad-based, stretching between both developed and emerging market economies. Despite improving expectations for economic growth, equity market valuations remain elevated.markets continued to lag their domestic peers.
Within fixed income, market expectations for potentially stronger economic growth and higher inflation drove yields significantly highera partial reversal of the recent rise in interest rates aided performance broadly, particularly on the mid- to long-endlong-ends of the yield curve. Rising rates were an immediate challengeAdditional credit spread compression, down to performance forhistorically low levels, in corporate and municipal bond securities, including in both investment and below-investment grade issuances, also aided performance.
We believe US economic fundamentals are strong, but those fundamentals are being at least partially, if not wholly offset by elevated valuations across financial markets. Given that valuations tend to be a strong indicator of future long-term returns, we believe that the quarter but set the stage for potential higher yieldsforward return expectations of investors should be modest, or at least relatively lower than they have been in the future. At the same time, further progress along the economic recovery led credit spreads to tighten, and they are now near historic lows throughout credit markets, including both investment-grade and below-investment-grade corporate bonds, as well as in municipal securities.
In general, we believe there are now clear excesses visible in global financial markets. The confluence of a variety of speculative events occurring last quarter was troubling, more so than the already concerning absolute valuation of stocks orrecent past.
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bonds. While we recognize that we are in the midst of an enormous economic and earnings boom, we believe that a more muted outlook for medium-term returns is appropriate and suspect that a substantial equity air pocket is, at some point, likely and would be a healthy clearing of excess.
Other Business Updates
On February 3, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $10.0 million of Manning & Napier Inc. Class A common shares. Given the strength of our balance sheet and cash position, the Company plans to use the approved share repurchase program to, at a minimum, offset dilution created from the awards issued under the Company’s long-term incentive plan to our employees during the first quarter of 2021. These equity awards were valued at approximately $6.0 million and will vest over the next 5 years. The authority to repurchase shares will be exercised from time to time as market conditions warrant, is subject to regulatory considerations and will expire on December 31, 2021. The timing, amount, and other terms and conditions of any repurchases will be determined by management at its discretion based on a variety of factors, including the market price of shares, general market and economic conditions, and legal requirements. The repurchase program may be modified, discontinued or suspended at any time. We currently intend to fund the program through cash on hand and future cash flow. During the first quarter ofsix months ended June 30, 2021, Manning & Napier, Inc.we. purchased a total of 412,405713,665 Class A common shares using approximately $3.0$5.3 million in cash.
Also during the first quarter ofOn March 15, 2021, pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement between the Company and the holdersreceived notice that 1,592,969 of its non-controlling interests, 1,592,969 Class A units of Manning & Napier Group, LLC ("Manning & Napier Group") were tendered for cashredemption or shares of the Company's Class A common stock.exchange. The independent directors, on behalf of the Company, have decided that such exchange will be settled in 1,592,969 shares of unregistered Class A Common Stock of the Company. The Company expects the settlement ofcompleted the exchange to occur later in the year. Ason June 30, 2021 and as a result, of the exchange, Manning & Napier Inc. will acquireacquired an equivalent number of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group resulting in an increase inand its ownership of Manning & Napier Group increased from approximately 89%89.0% to 98%97.7%.
Subsequent to quarter end, on July 20, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.05 per share of Class A common stock. The dividend will be paid on or about August 16, 2021 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 2, 2021.
Our Solutions
We derive substantially all of our revenues from investment management fees earned from providing advisory services to separately managed accounts and to mutual funds and collective investment trusts—including those offered by Manning & Napier Advisors, LLC ("MNA"), the Manning & Napier Fund, Inc. (the "Fund"), Exeter Trust Company, and Rainier Investment Management, LLC ("Rainier").
Our separate accounts are primarily distributed through our wealth management sales channel, where our financial consultants form relationships with high-net-worth individuals, endowments, foundations, and retirement plans. To a lesser extent, we also obtain a portion of our separate account distribution via third parties, either through our intermediary sales channel, where national brokerage firm representatives or independent financial advisors select our separate account strategies for their clients, or through our platform/sub-advisor relationships, where unaffiliated registered investment advisors approve our strategies for their product platforms. Our separate account strategies are a primary driver of our blended asset portfolios for high-net-worth, middle market institutional clients and financial intermediaries. In contrast, larger institutions and unaffiliated registered investment advisor platforms are a driver of our separate account equity portfolios.
Our mutual funds and collective investment trusts are distributed primarily through financial intermediaries, including brokers, financial advisors, retirement plan advisors and platform relationships. We also distribute our mutual fund and collective investment trusts through our institutional representatives, particularly within the defined contribution, Taft-Hartley, and institutional marketplace. Our mutual fund and collective investment trust strategies are an important driver of our blended asset class and single asset class portfolios.
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Assets Under Management
Our sales efforts distinctly separate the Wealth Management clients to which we deliver holistic solutions, including high-net-worth families, endowments and foundations, and small and mid-sized business, from our Institutional and Intermediary clients, including third party advisors, platforms and consultants, as well as larger institutions and Taft-Hartley clients. The table below reflects the estimated composition of our assets under management ("AUM") as of March 31,June 30, 2021, by sales channel and investment portfolio:
March 31, 2021 June 30, 2021
Blended
Asset
EquityFixed IncomeTotalBlended
Asset
EquityFixed IncomeTotal
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
Total AUMTotal AUMTotal AUM
Wealth ManagementWealth Management$8,042.6 $925.9 $249.0 $9,217.5 Wealth Management$8,382.7 $979.0 $251.8 $9,613.5 
Institutional and IntermediaryInstitutional and Intermediary6,095.9 5,056.7 769.7 11,922.3 Institutional and Intermediary6,485.9 5,354.9 807.2 12,648.0 
TotalTotal$14,138.5 $5,982.6 $1,018.7 $21,139.8 Total$14,868.6 $6,333.9 $1,059.0 $22,261.5 
Percentage of AUMPercentage of AUMPercentage of AUM
Wealth ManagementWealth Management38 %%%43 %Wealth Management38 %%%43 %
Institutional and IntermediaryInstitutional and Intermediary29 %24 %%57 %Institutional and Intermediary29 %24 %%57 %
TotalTotal67 %28 %%100 %Total67 %28 %%100 %
Percentage of portfolio by channelPercentage of portfolio by channelPercentage of portfolio by channel
Wealth ManagementWealth Management57 %15 %24 %44 %Wealth Management56 %15 %24 %43 %
Institutional and IntermediaryInstitutional and Intermediary43 %85 %76 %56 %Institutional and Intermediary44 %85 %76 %57 %
TotalTotal100 %100 %100 %100 %Total100 %100 %100 %100 %
Percentage of channel by portfolioPercentage of channel by portfolioPercentage of channel by portfolio
Wealth ManagementWealth Management87 %10 %%100 %Wealth Management87 %10 %%100 %
Institutional and IntermediaryInstitutional and Intermediary52 %42 %%100 %Institutional and Intermediary52 %42 %%100 %
Our wealth management channel represented 44%43% of our total AUM as of March 31,June 30, 2021. Blended portfolios are the most significant portion of wealth management assets, representing 87% of wealth management AUM. Equity, while equity and fixed income portfolios represent 10% and 3%, respectively, of wealth management AUM.respectively.
Our institutional and intermediary channel represented 56%57% of our total AUM as of March 31,June 30, 2021. Blended portfolios are also the largest portion of institutional and intermediary assets at 52% of AUM, followed by equity and fixed income portfolios at 42% and 6%, respectively.
As of March 31,June 30, 2021, blended portfolios account for 67% of our total AUM at $14.1$14.9 billion, a 4%5% increase from DecemberMarch 31, 20202021 when blended assets were $13.6$14.1 billion. Blended portfolio AUM is similarsplit across both distribution channels, with 57%56% in wealth management and 43%44% in institutional and intermediary. Equity portfolios account for 28% of our total AUM, at $6.0$6.3 billion, a 8%6% increase from DecemberMarch 31, 20202021 when equity portfolios were at $5.5$6.0 billion. Of equity portfolio AUM, 85% is in the institutional and intermediary channel, and 15% is in the wealth management channel. Fixed income portfolios account for 5% of total AUM at $1.0$1.1 billion, consistent with Decembera 4% increase from March 31, 2020. Similar to equity portfolio AUM, the2021. The majority of fixed income assets come through the institutional and intermediary channel at 76%, and 24% of fixed income AUM is in the wealth management channel.
During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, our wealth management sales channel contributed 36%31% of our total gross client inflows, while our institutional and intermediary channel contributed 64%69%. Of the $0.6$1.4 billion in gross client inflows, blended asset portfolios represented 61%66%, while equity and fixed income portfolios represented 30%26% and 9%8%, respectively.
Results of Operations
Below is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020.
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Components of Results of Operations
Overview
One of the most significant factors influencing net flows and AUM is the investment performance of our various strategies. As an active manager, it is typical for our investment strategies to exhibit portfolio positioning that is notably divergent from benchmarks and common market indices. We believe this is a strength of our investment approach, although it can cause substantial performance deviations, both positive and negative, versus common benchmarks. In general, our investment processes have a preference for risk management, focusing heavily on fundamentals and valuations. Historically, we have tended to provide a degree of downside protection in adverse markets, while having participated somewhat less than fully in bull markets. Broadly speaking, we expect our investment approach to reduce volatility and create a smoother performance pattern over time, and we believe these characteristics are desirable and an attractive differentiator in our industry. As a result, the overall performance of our suite of investment strategies often differs from many others in the industry, potentially causing the results of our operations to, at times, also diverge.
Other components impacting our operating results include:
asset-based fee rates and changes in those rates;
the composition of our AUM among various portfolios, vehicles and client types;
changes in our variable costs, including incentive compensation and distribution, servicing and custody expenses, which are affected by our investment performance, level of our AUM and revenue; and
fixed costs, including changes to base compensation, vendor-related costs and investment spending on new products.
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Assets Under Management and Investment Performance
The following table reflects the indicated components of our AUM for our sales channels for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020:
Sales Channel (4)
Wealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotal
 (in millions)    
As of March 31, 2021As of March 31, 2021$9,217.5 $11,922.3 $21,139.8 44 %56 %100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
216.6 570.7 787.3 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(295.2)(553.8)(849.0)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
474.6 708.8 1,183.4 
As of June 30, 2021As of June 30, 2021$9,613.5 $12,648.0 $22,261.5 43 %57 %100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$9,467.4 $12,373.0 $21,840.4 
As of March 31, 2020As of March 31, 2020$7,732.9 $9,327.6 $17,060.5 45 %55 %100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
193.3 359.5 552.8 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(360.7)(850.9)(1,211.6)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
768.9 1,469.7 2,238.6 
As of June 30, 2020As of June 30, 2020$8,334.4 $10,305.9 $18,640.3 45 %55 %100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$8,164.0 $9,930.2 $18,094.2 
Sales Channel (4)
Wealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotalWealth ManagementInstitutional and IntermediaryTotal
 (in millions)      (in millions)    
As of December 31, 2020As of December 31, 2020$8,906.4 $11,213.0 $20,119.4 44 %56 %100 %As of December 31, 2020$8,906.4 $11,213.0 $20,119.4 44 %56 %100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
224.8 401.6 626.4 
Gross client inflows (1)
441.4 972.3 1,413.7 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(305.3)(453.5)(758.8)
Gross client outflows (1)
(600.5)(1,007.3)(1,607.8)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)(3)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)(3)
391.6 761.2 1,152.8 
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)(3)
866.2 1,470.0 2,336.2 
As of March 31, 2021$9,217.5 $11,922.3 $21,139.8 44 %56 %100 %
As of June 30, 2021As of June 30, 2021$9,613.5 $12,648.0 $22,261.5 43 %57 %100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$8,993.0 $11,454.3 $20,447.3 Average AUM for period$9,232.0 $11,929.7 $21,161.7 
As of December 31, 2019As of December 31, 2019$8,716.4 $10,763.7 $19,480.1 45 %55 %100 %As of December 31, 2019$8,716.4 $10,763.7 $19,480.1 45 %55 %100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
202.1 466.7 668.8 
Gross client inflows (1)
395.4 826.2 1,221.6 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(375.3)(753.9)(1,129.2)
Gross client outflows (1)
(736.0)(1,604.8)(2,340.8)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
(810.3)(1,148.9)(1,959.2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
(41.4)320.8 279.4 
As of March 31, 2020$7,732.9 $9,327.6 $17,060.5 45 %55 %100 %
As of June 30, 2020As of June 30, 2020$8,334.4 $10,305.9 $18,640.3 45 %55 %100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$8,527.9 $10,136.2 $18,691.1 Average AUM for period$8,486.1 $10,130.7 $18,616.8 
________________________
(1)Transfers of client assets between portfolios are included in gross client inflows and gross client outflows.
(2)Market appreciation/(depreciation) and other includes investment gains/(losses) on assets under management, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and net flows from non-sales related activities including net reinvested dividends.
(3)Beginning in March 2021, AUM includes assets associated with our model-delivery business, previously classified as assets under advisement. These assets totaled $429.9 million at December 31, 2020, comprised of $62.5 million in our wealth management channel and $367.4 million in our institutional and intermediary channel. These amounts are included above in market appreciation (depreciation) and other for the first quarter ofsix months ended June 30, 2021.
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(4)AUM and gross client flows between sales channels have been estimated based upon preliminary data. For a limited portion of our mutual fund AUM, reporting by sales channel is not available at the time of this report. Such estimates have no impact on total AUM, total cash flows, or AUM by investment portfolio reported in the table above.
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The following table reflects the indicated components of our AUM for our portfolios for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020:

Blended
Asset
EquityFixed
Income
TotalBlended
Asset
EquityFixed
Income
Total
 (in millions)     
As of March 31, 2021As of March 31, 2021$14,138.5 $5,982.6 $1,018.7 $21,139.8 67 %28 %%100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
543.7 183.2 60.4 787.3 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(572.5)(242.7)(33.8)(849.0)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
758.9 410.8 13.7 1,183.4 
As of June 30, 2021As of June 30, 2021$14,868.6 $6,333.9 $1,059.0 $22,261.5 67 %28 %%100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$14,562.2 $6,240.3 $1,037.9 $21,840.4 
As of March 31, 2020As of March 31, 2020$12,096.8 $3,944.7 $1,019.0 $17,060.5 71 %23 %%100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
426.5 99.4 26.9 552.8 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(851.8)(292.5)(67.3)(1,211.6)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
1,403.8 810.1 24.7 2,238.6 
As of June 30, 2020As of June 30, 2020$13,075.3 $4,561.7 $1,003.3 $18,640.3 70 %25 %%100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$12,729.7 $4,353.7 $1,010.8 $18,094.2 
Blended
Asset
EquityFixed
Income
TotalBlended
Asset
EquityFixed
Income
TotalBlended
Asset
EquityFixed
Income
TotalBlended
Asset
EquityFixed
Income
Total
 (in millions)       (in millions)     
As of December 31, 2020As of December 31, 2020$13,558.8 $5,545.3 $1,015.3 $20,119.4 67 %28 %%100 %As of December 31, 2020$13,558.8 $5,545.3 $1,015.3 $20,119.4 67 %28 %%100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
379.8 187.6 59.0 626.4 Gross client inflows (1)923.5 370.8 119.4 1,413.7 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(501.2)(200.1)(57.5)(758.8)Gross client outflows (1)(1,073.7)(442.8)(91.3)(1,607.8)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2) (3)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2) (3)
701.1 449.8 1.9 1,152.8 
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2) (3)
1,460.0 860.6 15.6 2,336.2 
As of March 31, 2021$14,138.5 $5,982.6 $1,018.7 $21,139.8 67 %28 %%100 %
As of June 30, 2021As of June 30, 2021$14,868.6 $6,333.9 $1,059.0 $22,261.5 67 %28 %%100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$13,699.0 $5,719.2 $1,029.1 $20,447.3 Average AUM for period$14,159.4 $5,967.4 $1,034.9 $21,161.7 
As of December 31, 2019As of December 31, 2019$13,473.3 $4,988.8 $1,018.0 $19,480.1 69 %26 %%100 %As of December 31, 2019$13,473.3 $4,988.8 $1,018.0 $19,480.1 69 %26 %%100 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
368.2 237.2 63.4 668.8 
Gross client inflows (1)
794.7 336.6 90.3 1,221.6 
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(816.4)(231.7)(81.1)(1,129.2)
Gross client outflows (1)
(1,668.2)(524.2)(148.4)(2,340.8)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
(928.3)(1,049.6)18.7 (1,959.2)
Market appreciation/(depreciation) & other (2)
475.5 (239.5)43.4 279.4 
As of March 31, 2020$12,096.8 $3,944.7 $1,019.0 $17,060.5 71 %24 %%100 %
As of June 30, 2020As of June 30, 2020$13,075.3 $4,561.7 $1,003.3 $18,640.3 70 %25 %%100 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$13,025.7 $4,640.4 $1,025.0 $18,691.1 Average AUM for period$12,974.6 $4,619.6 $1,022.6 $18,616.8 
________________________
(1)Transfers of client assets between portfolios are included in gross client inflows and gross client outflows.
(2)Market appreciation/(depreciation) and other includes investment gains/(losses) on assets under management, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and net flows from non-sales related activities including net reinvested dividends.
(3)Beginning in March 2021, AUM includes assets associated with our model-delivery business, previously classified as assets under advisement. These assets totaled $429.9 million at December 31, 2020, comprised of $281.3 million in our blended asset portfolio and $148.6 million in our equity portfolio.2020. These amounts are included above in market appreciation (depreciation) and other for the first quarter ofsix months ended June 30, 2021.

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The following table summarizes the annualized returns for several of our key investment strategies and relative benchmarks. Since inception and over long-term periods, we believe these strategies have earned attractive returns on both an absolute and relative basis. We recognize, however that some key strategies have mixed track records over the past several years. These strategies are used across separate account, mutual fund and collective investment trust vehicles, and represent approximately 77%78% of our AUM as of March 31,June 30, 2021.
Key StrategiesKey StrategiesAUM as of
March 31, 2021 (in millions)
Inception DateAnnualized Returns as of March 31, 2021 (2)Key StrategiesAUM as of
June 30, 2021 (in millions)
Inception DateAnnualized Returns as of June 30, 2021 (2)
One YearThree YearFive YearTen YearAUM as of
June 30, 2021 (in millions)
Inception DateOne YearThree YearFive YearTen YearInception
Long-Term Growth (30%-80% Equity Exposure)Long-Term Growth (30%-80% Equity Exposure)$5,946.9 1/1/197329.9%11.9%10.5%8.0%9.7%Long-Term Growth (30%-80% Equity Exposure)22.6%13.2%11.2%8.5%9.7%
Blended Index (3)Blended Index (3)30.0%10.3%9.7%8.0%8.9%Blended Index (3)21.4%11.7%10.3%8.4%9.0%
Core Non-U.S. EquityCore Non-U.S. Equity$754.0 10/1/199665.4%11.8%11.2%5.7%8.2%Core Non-U.S. Equity$814.3 10/1/199646.8%15.9%13.3%6.3%8.4%
Benchmark: ACWIxUS IndexBenchmark: ACWIxUS Index49.4%6.5%9.8%4.9%5.6%Benchmark: ACWIxUS Index35.7%9.4%11.1%5.5%5.7%
Growth with Reduced Volatility (20%-60% Equity Exposure)Growth with Reduced Volatility (20%-60% Equity Exposure)$2,827.3 1/1/197323.3%10.2%8.6%6.6%8.8%Growth with Reduced Volatility (20%-60% Equity Exposure)$2,940.7 1/1/197317.5%11.3%9.2%6.9%8.9%
Blended Index (4)Blended Index (4)21.8%8.8%7.9%6.7%8.4%Blended Index (4)15.4%9.8%8.3%7.0%8.5%
Equity-Oriented (70%-100% Equity Exposure)Equity-Oriented (70%-100% Equity Exposure)$1,438.3 1/1/199350.7%15.7%14.7%10.2%10.6%Equity-Oriented (70%-100% Equity Exposure)$1,569.8 1/1/199335.4%17.3%15.9%11.1%10.8%
Blended Benchmark: 65% Russell 3000 / 20% ACWIxUS/ 15% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate BondBlended Benchmark: 65% Russell 3000 / 20% ACWIxUS/ 15% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond49.2%13.3%13.3%10.6%9.1%Blended Benchmark: 65% Russell 3000 / 20% ACWIxUS/ 15% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond35.0%15.0%14.4%11.3%9.3%
Equity-Focused Blend (50%-90% Equity Exposure)Equity-Focused Blend (50%-90% Equity Exposure)$1,057.4 4/1/200036.7%13.5%12.0%9.0%7.9%Equity-Focused Blend (50%-90% Equity Exposure)$1,137.1 4/1/200027.1%15.0%12.9%9.6%8.1%
Blended Benchmark: 53% Russell 3000 / 17% ACWIxUS/ 30% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate BondBlended Benchmark: 53% Russell 3000 / 17% ACWIxUS/ 30% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond39.4%11.9%11.6%9.4%6.3%Blended Benchmark: 53% Russell 3000 / 17% ACWIxUS/ 30% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond28.1%13.4%12.4%9.9%6.5%
Core Equity-Unrestricted (90%-100% Equity Exposure)Core Equity-Unrestricted (90%-100% Equity Exposure)$669.3 1/1/199557.8%16.9%16.3%11.6%11.8%Core Equity-Unrestricted (90%-100% Equity Exposure)$721.1 1/1/199539.3%18.4%17.6%12.7%12.1%
Blended Benchmark: 80% Russell 3000 / 20% ACWIxUSBlended Benchmark: 80% Russell 3000 / 20% ACWIxUS59.9%15.0%15.3%12.0%9.8%Blended Benchmark: 80% Russell 3000 / 20% ACWIxUS42.5%16.9%16.5%12.8%10.0%
Core U.S. EquityCore U.S. Equity$284.8 7/1/200059.1%19.1%18.1%12.8%9.3%Core U.S. Equity$304.7 7/1/200041.0%20.4%19.6%14.0%9.7%
Benchmark: Russell 3000Benchmark: Russell 300062.5%17.1%16.6%13.8%7.4%Benchmark: Russell 300044.2%18.7%17.9%14.7%7.7%
Conservative Growth (5%-35% Equity Exposure)Conservative Growth (5%-35% Equity Exposure)$569.0 4/1/199212.6%7.0%5.6%4.5%6.0%Conservative Growth (5%-35% Equity Exposure)$677.3 4/1/19929.0%7.6%5.8%4.6%6.1%
Blended Benchmark: 15% Russell 3000 / 5% ACWIxUS / 80% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Intermediate Aggregate BondBlended Benchmark: 15% Russell 3000 / 5% ACWIxUS / 80% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Intermediate Aggregate Bond11.3%6.5%5.2%4.7%6.2%Blended Benchmark: 15% Russell 3000 / 5% ACWIxUS / 80% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Intermediate Aggregate Bond7.6%7.0%5.3%4.8%6.2%
Aggregate Fixed IncomeAggregate Fixed Income$196.7 1/1/19842.2%5.1%3.3%3.4%7.0%Aggregate Fixed Income$213.4 1/1/19840.5%5.8%3.4%3.4%7.0%
Benchmark: Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate BondBenchmark: Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond0.7%4.7%3.1%3.4%6.9%Benchmark: Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond(0.3)%5.3%3.0%3.4%6.9%
Rainier International Small CapRainier International Small Cap$1,088.0 3/28/201276.6%11.9%14.2%
N/A (1)
14.3%Rainier International Small Cap$1,215.3 3/28/201249.1%15.3%16.1%
N/A (1)
14.9%
Benchmark: MSCI ACWIxUS Small Cap IndexBenchmark: MSCI ACWIxUS Small Cap Index69.8%6.6%10.4%
N/A (1)
8.1%Benchmark: MSCI ACWIxUS Small Cap Index47.0%9.8%12.0%
N/A (1)
8.6%
Disciplined Value USDisciplined Value US$1,435.4 1/1/201350.9%11.2%13.3%
N/A (1)
14.2%Disciplined Value US$1,488.6 1/1/201335.5%12.2%13.3%
N/A (1)
14.2%
Benchmark: Russell 1000 ValueBenchmark: Russell 1000 Value56.1%11.0%11.7%
N/A (1)
13.8%Benchmark: Russell 1000 Value43.7%12.4%11.9%
N/A (1)
14.0%
__________________________
(1)Performance not available given the product's inception date.
(2)Key investment strategy returns are presented net of fees. Benchmark returns do not reflect any fees or expenses.
(3)Benchmark shown uses the 55/45 Blended Index from 01/01/1973-12/31/1987 and the 40/15/45 Blended Index from 01/01/1988- 03/31/6/30/2021. The 55/45 Blended Index is represented by 55% S&P 500 Total Return Index ("S&P 500") and 45% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Government/Credit Bond Index ("BGCB"). The 40/15/45 Blended Index is 40% Russell 3000 Index ("Russell 3000"), 15% MSCI ACWI ex USA Index ("ACWxUS"), and 45% Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index ("BAB").
(4)Benchmark shown uses the 40/60 Blended Index from 01/01/1973-12/31/1987, the 30/10/60 Blended Index from 01/01/1988-12/31/2019, and the 30/10/30/30 Blended Index from 01/01/2020 to 03/31/2021.6/30/21. The 40/60 Blended Index is represented by 40% S&P 500 and 60% BGCB. The 30/10/60 Blended Index is represented by 30% Russell 3000, 10% ACWxUS, and 60% BAB. The 30/10/30/30 Blended Index is represented by 30% Russell 3000, 10% ACWxUS, 30% BAB, and 30% Barclays Intermediate Aggregate Bond Index.

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Revenue
Our revenues primarily consist of investment management fees earned from managing our clients’ AUM. We earn our investment management fees as a percentage of our clients’ AUM either as of a specified date or on a daily basis. Our investment management fees can fluctuate based on the average fee rate for our investment management products, which are affected by the composition of our AUM among various portfolios and investment vehicles.
We serve as the investment adviser for Manning & Napier Fund, Inc., Exeter Trust Company Collective Investment Trusts and Rainier Multiple Investment Trust. The mutual funds are open-end mutual funds that primarily offer no-load share classes designed to meet the needs of a range of institutional and other investors. Exeter Trust Company, an affiliated New Hampshire-chartered trust company and Rainier Multiple Investment Trust sponsor collective investment trusts for qualified retirement plans, including 401(k) plans. These mutual funds and collective investment trusts comprised $5.7$6.1 billion, or 27%, of our AUM as of March 31,June 30, 2021. MNA and Rainier also serve as the investment advisor to all of our separately managed accounts, managing $15.5$16.2 billion, or 73%, of our AUM as of March 31,June 30, 2021, including assets managed as a sub-advisor to pooled investment vehicles. For the period ended March 31,June 30, 2021 approximately 98% of our revenue was earned from clients located in the United States.
We earn distribution and servicing fees for providing services to our affiliated mutual funds. Revenue is computed and earned daily based on a percentage of AUM.
We earn custodial service fees for administrative and safeguarding services performed by Exeter Trust Company. Fees are calculated as a percentage of the client's market value with additional fees for certain transactions.
Operating Expenses
Our largest operating expenses are employee compensation and related costs, and to a lesser degree, distribution, servicing and custody expenses, discussed further below, with a significant portion of these expenses varying in a direct relationship to our absolute and relative investment management performance, as well as AUM and revenues. We review our operating expenses in relation to the investment market environment and changes in our revenues. However, we are generally willingthe strength of our balance sheet has historically provided us the flexibility to make the expenditures as necessary even when faced with declining rates of growth in revenues, in order to support our investment products, our client service levels, strategic initiatives and our long-term value.
Compensation and related costs. Employee compensation and related costs represent our largest expense, including employee salaries and benefits, incentive compensation to investment and sales professionals, compensation issued under our long-term incentive plan as well as equity compensation. These costs are affected by changes in the employee headcount, the mix of existing job descriptions, competitive factors, the addition of new skill sets and variations in the level of our AUM and revenues. In addition, these costs are impacted by the amount of compensation granted under our equity plan and the amount of deferred cash awards granted under our long-term incentive plan. Incentive compensation for our research team considers the cumulative impact of both absolute and relative investment performance over historical time periods, with more weight placed on the recent periods. As such, incentive compensation paid to our research team will vary, in part, based on absolute and relative investment performance.
Distribution, servicing and custody expenses. Distribution, servicing and custody expenses represent amounts paid to various intermediaries for distribution, shareholder servicing, administrative servicing and custodial services. These expenses generally increase or decrease in line with changes in our mutual fund and collective investment trust AUM or services performed by these intermediaries.
Other operating costs. Other operating costs include technology costs, accounting, legal and other professional service fees, occupancy and facility costs, travel and entertainment expenses, insurance, market data service expenses and all other miscellaneous costs associated with managing the day-to-day operations of our business.
Non-Operating Income (Loss)
Non-operating income (loss) includes interest expense, interest and dividend income, changes in liability under the tax receivable agreement ("TRA") entered into between Manning & Napier and the other holders of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group, LLC ("Manning & Napier Group"), gains (losses) related to investment securities sales as well as changes in values of those investment securities designated as equity securities, at fair value.
We expect the interest and investment components of non-operating income (loss) to fluctuate based on market conditions, the performance of our investments and the overall amount of our investments held by the Company to provide initial cash seeding for product development purposes and short-term investment for cash management opportunities.
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Provision for Income Taxes
The Company is comprised of entities that have elected to be treated as either a limited liability company ("LLC") or a "C-Corporation". As such, the entities functioning as LLCs are not liable for or able to benefit from U.S. federal or most state and local income taxes on their earnings, and their earnings (losses) will be included in the personal income tax returns of each entity's unit holders. The entities functioning as C-Corporations are liable for or able to benefit from U.S. federal and state and local income taxes on their earnings and losses, respectively.
Noncontrolling Interests
Manning & Napier, Inc. holds an economic interest of approximately 88.9%97.7% in Manning & Napier Group as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and, as managing member, controls all of the business and affairs of Manning & Napier Group. As a result, the Company consolidates the financial results of Manning & Napier Group and records a noncontrolling interest in our consolidated financial statements. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests on the consolidated statements of operations represents the portion of earnings attributable to the economic interest in Manning & Napier Group held by the noncontrolling interests.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our critical accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
This management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the other financial information that appear elsewhere in this report.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Pronouncements" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
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Three Months Ended March 31,June 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,June 30, 2020
Assets Under Management
The following table reflects changes in our AUM for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020: 
Three months ended March 31,Period-to-Period Three months ended June 30,Period-to-Period
20212020$% 20212020$%
(in millions) (in millions)
Wealth Management (4)(3)
Wealth Management (4)(3)
Wealth Management (4)(3)
Beginning assets under managementBeginning assets under management$8,906.4 $8,716.4 $190.0 %Beginning assets under management$9,217.5 $7,732.9 $1,484.6 19 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
224.8 202.1 22.7 11 %
Gross client inflows (1)
216.6 193.3 23.3 12 %
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(305.3)(375.3)70.0 (19)%
Gross client outflows (1)
(295.2)(360.7)65.5 (18)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2)(3)
391.6 (810.3)1,201.9 (148)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2)
474.6 768.9 (294.3)(38)%
Ending assets under managementEnding assets under management$9,217.5 $7,732.9 $1,484.6 19 %Ending assets under management$9,613.5 $8,334.4 $1,279.1 15 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$8,993.0 $8,527.9 Average AUM for period$9,467.4 $8,164.0 
Institutional and Intermediary (4)(3)
Institutional and Intermediary (4)(3)
Institutional and Intermediary (4)(3)
Beginning assets under managementBeginning assets under management$11,213.0 $10,763.7 $449.3 %Beginning assets under management$11,922.3 $9,327.6 $2,594.7 28 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
401.6 466.7 (65.1)(14)%
Gross client inflows (1)
570.7 359.5 211.2 59 %
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(453.5)(753.9)300.4 (40)%
Gross client outflows (1)
(553.8)(850.9)297.1 (35)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (3)(2)
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (3)(2)
761.2 (1,148.9)1,910.1 (166)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (3)(2)
708.8 1,469.7 (760.9)(52)%
Ending assets under managementEnding assets under management$11,922.3 $9,327.6 $2,594.7 28 %Ending assets under management$12,648.0 $10,305.9 $2,342.1 23 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$11,454.3 $10,136.2 Average AUM for period$12,373.0 $9,930.2 
Total assets under managementTotal assets under managementTotal assets under management
Beginning assets under managementBeginning assets under management$20,119.4 $19,480.1 $639.3 %Beginning assets under management$21,139.8 $17,060.5 $4,079.3 24 %
Gross client inflows (1)
Gross client inflows (1)
626.4 668.8 (42.4)(6)%
Gross client inflows (1)
787.3 552.8 234.5 42 %
Gross client outflows (1)
Gross client outflows (1)
(758.8)(1,129.2)370.4 (33)%
Gross client outflows (1)
(849.0)(1,211.6)362.6 (30)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2)(3)
1,152.8 (1,959.2)3,112.0 (159)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2)
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2)
1,183.4 2,238.6 (1,055.2)(47)%
Ending assets under managementEnding assets under management$21,139.8 $17,060.5 $4,079.3 24 %Ending assets under management$22,261.5 $18,640.3 $3,621.2 19 %
Average AUM for periodAverage AUM for period$20,447.3 $18,691.1 Average AUM for period$21,840.4 $18,094.2 
________________________
(1)Transfers of client assets between portfolios are included in gross client inflows and gross client outflows.
(2)Market appreciation/(depreciation) and other includes investment gains/(losses) on assets under management, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and net flows from non-sales related activities including net reinvested dividends.
(3)AUM and gross client flows between sales channels have been estimated based upon preliminary data. For a limited portion of our mutual fund AUM, reporting by sales channel is not available at the time of this report. Such estimates have no impact on total AUM, total cash flows, or AUM by investment portfolio reported in the table above.

Our total AUM increased by $3.6 billion from $18.6 billion at June 30, 2020 to $22.3 billion at June 30, 2021. The increase was attributable to market appreciation of $5.0 billion, partially offset by net client outflows of $1.4 billion. Net client outflows consisted of approximately $0.4 billion of net outflows for wealth management and $1.0 billion for institutional and intermediary. By portfolio, the rates of change in AUM from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021 consisted of a $1.8 billion, or 39% increase in our equity portfolio, a $1.8 billion, or 14% increase in our blended asset portfolio, and an increase of approximately $55.7 million, or 6% in our fixed income portfolio.
We have experienced a decrease in the overall rate of outflows with gross outflows of approximately $0.8 billion during the quarter ended June 30, 2021, a 30% decrease from the quarter ended June 30, 2020. Gross outflows annualized as a percentage of our AUM, or turnover rate, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was 16%. We believe outflows have improved as a result of our client service efforts and excellent performance, particularly regarding our ability to retain AUM in the most performance sensitive areas of our business, such as our Institutional and Intermediary channel, coupled with the lack of COVID-driven market volatility during the 2021 period as compared to 2020.
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The rate of gross client inflows was approximately $0.8 billion during the three months ended June 30, 2021, a 42% increase from the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The 2020 period reflects impacts from COVID related travel restrictions, while 2021 changes in our organization and national recognition awards boosted our presence within intermediated channels. We believe that by continuing to demonstrate stability in client AUM and modernizing our platform, we will provide a foundation from which we can continue to grow.
The total AUM increase of approximately $1.1 billion, to $22.3 billion at June 30, 2021 from $21.1 billion at March 31, 2021 was attributable to market appreciation of $1.2 billion, partially offset by net client outflows of approximately $0.1 billion. Net client outflows consisted of $78.6 million for wealth management while net client inflows in institutional and intermediary were $16.9 million. The blended investment gain was 5.1% in wealth management accounts and 5.9% in institutional and intermediary. By portfolio in the period, our AUM increased by $0.7 billion in our blended asset portfolio, $0.4 billion in our equity portfolio, and $40.3 million in our fixed income portfolio.
As of June 30, 2021, the composition of our AUM was 43% in wealth management and 57% in institutional and intermediary, compared to 45% in wealth management and 55% in institutional and intermediary at June 30, 2020. The composition of our AUM across portfolios at June 30, 2021 was 67% in blended assets, 28% in equity, and 5% in fixed income, compared to 70% in blended assets, 25% in equity, 5% in fixed income at June 30, 2020.
For our wealth management channel, gross client inflows of $0.2 billion were offset by $0.3 billion of gross client outflows during the three months ended June 30, 2021. Gross client inflows include approximately $0.2 billion into our blended asset portfolio and less than $0.1 billion into both our equity and fixed income portfolios. Outflows during the quarter were $0.3 billion, or 87% from blended portfolios, less than $0.1 billion, or 12% from equity, and less than $0.1 billion, or 1% from fixed income portfolios, respectively. 
Gross client inflows of $0.6 billion were offset almost entirely by gross client outflows of $0.6 billion within our institutional and intermediary channel during the three months ended June 30, 2021. Gross client inflows include approximately $0.4 billion into our blended asset portfolios, $0.2 billion into our equity portfolios, and less than $0.1 billion into our fixed income portfolios. With regard to gross client outflows, $0.3 billion, or 58% was from our blended asset portfolios, $0.2 billion or 37% was from our equity portfolios, and less than $0.1 billion, or 5% was from our fixed income portfolios.
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The following table sets forth our results of operations and related data for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:
 Three months ended June 30,Period-to-Period
20212020$%
 (in thousands, except share data) 
Revenues
Management Fees
Wealth management$16,111 $13,571 $2,540 19 %
Institutional and intermediary15,141 12,311 2,830 23 %
Distribution and shareholder servicing2,236 2,303 (67)(3)%
Custodial services1,721 1,463 258 18 %
Other revenue868 698 170 24 %
Total revenue36,077 30,346 5,731 19 %
Expenses
Compensation and related costs18,347 17,379 968 %
Distribution, servicing and custody expenses2,497 2,425 72 %
Other operating costs7,463 7,489 (26)— %
Total operating expenses28,307 27,293 1,014 %
Operating income7,770 3,053 4,717 155 %
Non-operating income (loss)
Non-operating income (loss), net256 2,690 (2,434)(90)%
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes8,026 5,743 2,283 40 %
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,285 1,460 (175)(12)%
Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests6,741 4,283 2,458 57 %
Less: net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests816 2,737 (1,921)(70)%
Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,925 $1,546 $4,379 283 %
Per Share Data
Net income per share available to Class A common stock
Basic$0.35 $0.09 
Diluted$0.29 $0.06 
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding
Basic16,956,265 16,132,667 
Diluted20,314,285 46,296,214 
Other financial and operating data
Economic income (1)
$8,840 $6,701 $2,139 32 %
Economic net income (1)
$7,387 $3,971 $3,416 86 %
Economic net income per adjusted share (1)
$0.31 $0.08 
Weighted average adjusted Class A common stock outstanding(1)
23,471,600 48,309,400 
_______________________    
(1)See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Information” for Manning & Napier’s reasons for including these measures not calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") in this report in addition to a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP measures for the periods indicated.

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Revenues
Wealth management revenue increased by $2.5 million, or 19%, to $16.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 from $13.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. This increase is driven primarily by a 16%, or $1.3 billion, increase in our average wealth management AUM for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2021 the concentration of investments in our wealth management assets were 87% blended assets, 10% equity and 3% fixed income, consistent with the concentration of investments as of June 30, 2020.
Institutional and intermediary revenue increased by $2.8 million, or 23%, to $15.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 from $12.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. This increase is driven primarily by a 25%, or $2.4 billion, increase in our average institutional and intermediary AUM for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. As of June 30, 2021, the concentration of assets in our institutional and intermediary channel was 52% blended assets, 42% equity and 6% fixed income, compared to 56% blended assets, 37% equity and 7% fixed income as of June 30, 2020.
Distribution and shareholder servicing revenue decreased by $0.1 million, or 3%, to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 from $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. This decrease was driven by a change in business mix within our mutual funds.
Custodial services increased by $0.3 million, or 18%, to $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 from $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, in line with changes in our collective investment trust AUM for each period.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses increased by $1.0 million, or 4%, to $28.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 from $27.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Compensation and related costs increased by $1.0 million, or 6%, to $18.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 from $17.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. This increase in the current quarter compared to the second quarter of 2020 was driven by higher incentive compensation accruals based on increases in both sales and year to date performance in 2021, partially offset by a decrease in our workforce, coupled with the impacts of the implementation of a deferred compensation plan during the three months ended June 30, 2021, whereby a fraction of incentive compensation for our most highly compensated employees will be invested in our investment products and vested over a multi-year period. When considered as a percentage of revenue, compensation and related costs was 51% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 57% for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Distribution, servicing and custody expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 3%, to $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 from $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. As a percentage of mutual fund and collective investment trust average AUM, distribution, servicing and custody expense was 0.17% for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 0.18% for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Other operating costs for the three months ended June 30, 2021 were flat when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. As a percentage of revenue, other operating costs were 21% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 25% for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Non-Operating Income (Loss)
Non-operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was $0.3 million, a decrease of $2.4 million, from non-operating loss of $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The following table reflects the components of non-operating income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:
 Three months ended June 30,Period-to-Period
20212020$%
 (in thousands) 
Non-operating income (loss)
Interest expense$(1)$(3)$(67)%
Interest and dividend income (1)
108 363 (255)(70)%
Change in liability under tax receivable agreement (2)
(228)914 (1,142)(125)%
Net gains (losses) on investments (3)
377 1,416 (1,039)(73)%
Total non-operating income (loss)$256 $2,690 $(2,434)(90)%
__________________________
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(1)The decrease in interest and dividend income for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 2020 is attributable to a decrease in investments, including U.S. Treasury notes and corporate bonds to optimize cash management opportunities, coupled with a decrease in interest rates.
(2)The change in the liability under the TRA for the three months ended June 30, 2021 is driven by a decrease in the Company's expected tax benefits under the TRA with the other holders of units of Manning & Napier Group and the corresponding changes in the payment of such benefits. The change during the three months ended June 30, 2020 was the result of a reduction in the Company's estimated 2020 net operating loss. This change reduced the favorable rate of applying estimated 2020 net operating losses to prior years with the enactment of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") on March 27, 2020.
(3)The amount of net gain (loss) on investments held by us, to provide initial cash seeding for product development purposes and to hedge economic exposure to market movements on our deferred compensation plan, will vary depending on the performance and overall amount of our investments.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes was $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to a provision of $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. During the first quarter of 2020, as a result of the CARES Act on March 27, 2020, which, among other things, eliminated certain restrictions on recognizing net operating losses, we recognized an income tax benefit related to the favorable rate applied to our net operating losses. This benefit was subsequently reduced during the second quarter of 2020, resulting in an income tax expense of approximately $1.2 million in that period. The overall decrease in the provision of income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 was partially offset by a higher portion of Manning & Napier Group's earnings subject to taxation at the C-Corporation level during the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. Manning & Napier Inc.'s weighted ownership of Manning & Napier Group was 90.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 44.5% for the same period in 2020. This increase in weighted ownership is primarily the result of the annual exchange process between the Company and the holders of its non-controlling interests.

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Assets Under Management
The following table reflects changes in our AUM for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:
 Six months ended June 30,Period-to-Period
 20212020$%
 (in millions)
Wealth Management (4)
Beginning assets under management$8,906.4 $8,716.4 $190.0 %
Gross client inflows (1)
441.4 395.4 46.0 12 %
Gross client outflows (1)
(600.5)(736.0)135.5 (18)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2) (3)
866.2 (41.4)907.6 (2,192)%
Ending assets under management$9,613.5 $8,334.4 $1,279.1 15 %
Average AUM for period$9,232.0 $8,486.1 
Institutional and Intermediary (4)
Beginning assets under management$11,213.0 $10,763.7 $449.3 %
Gross client inflows (1)
972.3 826.2 146.1 18 %
Gross client outflows (1)
(1,007.3)(1,604.8)597.5 (37)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2) (3)
1,470.0 320.8 1,149.2 358 %
Ending assets under management$12,648.0 $10,305.9 $2,342.1 23 %
Average AUM for period$11,929.7 $10,130.7 
Total assets under management
Beginning assets under management$20,119.4 $19,480.1 $639.3 %
Gross client inflows (1)
1,413.7 1,221.6 192.1 16 %
Gross client outflows (1)
(1,607.8)(2,340.8)733.0 (31)%
Market appreciation (depreciation) & other (2) (3)
2,336.2 279.4 2,056.8 736 %
Ending assets under management$22,261.5 $18,640.3 $3,621.2 19 %
Average AUM for period$21,161.7 $18,616.8 
________________________
(1)Transfers of client assets between portfolios are included in gross client inflows and gross client outflows.
(2)Market appreciation/(depreciation) and other includes investment gains/(losses) on assets under management, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and net flows from non-sales related activities including net reinvested dividends.
(3)Beginning in March 2021, AUM includes assets associated with our model-delivery business, previously classified as assets under advisement. These assets totaled $429.9 million at December 31, 2020, comprised of $62.5 million in our wealth management channel and $367.4 million in our institutional and intermediary channel. These amounts are included above in market appreciation (depreciation) and other for the first quarter ofsix months ended June 30, 2021.
(4)AUM and gross client flows between sales channels have been estimated based upon preliminary data. For a limited portion of our mutual fund AUM, reporting by sales channel is not available at the time of this report. Such estimates have no impact on total AUM, total cash flows, or AUM by investment portfolio reported in the table above.


Our total AUM increased by $4.1$3.6 billion from $17.1$18.6 billion at March 31,June 30, 2020 to $21.1$22.3 billion at March 31,June 30, 2021. The increase was attributable to market appreciation of $6.1 billion, including the addition of approximately $0.4 billion in model-delivery assets that were previously classified as assets under advisement, and partially offset by net client outflows of $2.0$1.4 billion, partially offset by market appreciation of $5.0 billion. Net client outflows consisted of approximately $0.4 billion of net outflows for wealth management and $1.5$1.0 billion for institutional and intermediary. By portfolio, the rates of change in AUM from March 31,June 30, 2020 to March 31,June 30, 2021 consisted of a $2.0$1.8 billion, or 52%39% increase in our equity portfolio, a $2.0$1.8 billion, or 17%14% increase in our blended asset portfolio, and ana increase of approximately $0.3$55.7 million, or 0.03%6% in our fixed income portfolio.
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portfolioTable of Contents.
We have experienced a decrease in the overall rate of outflows with gross outflows of approximately $0.8$1.6 billion during the quartersix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, a 33% decrease31% improvement from the quarter ended March 31,same period through June 30, 2020. Gross outflows annualized as a percentageclient inflows
37

Table of our AUM, or turnover rate, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was 15%.Contents
The rate of gross client inflows waswere approximately $0.6$1.4 billion during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, a 6% decrease from16% increase compared to the quarter ended March 31,same period in 2020. We believe that by demonstrating stability in client AUM and in our organization, along with continuing to improve long-term track records and modernizing our platform, we will provide a foundation from which we can grow.
The total AUM increase of approximately $1.0$2.1 billion, or 11%, to $21.1$22.3 billion at March 31,June 30, 2021 from $20.1 billion at December 31, 2020 was attributable to market appreciation of $1.2$2.3 billion, partially offset by net client cash outflows of approximately $0.1$0.2 billion. NetIncluded in net client outflows consisted of $80.5 million for wealth management whileflows during the six months ended June 30, 2021 were net client outflows in institutionalwealth management of approximately $0.2 billion. The blended investment appreciation was 9.7% in wealth management and intermediary were $51.9 million. Thethe blended investment gain was 4.4% in wealth management accounts and 6.8%13.1% in institutional and intermediary. By portfolio, our $2.1 billion AUM increase was derived from increases of $0.8 billion, or 14%, in the period, our AUM increased by $0.6equity portfolio, $1.3 billion, or 10%, in our blended asset portfolio $0.4 billion in our equity portfolio, and $3.4$43.7 million, or 4%, in our fixed income portfolio.
As of March 31,June 30, 2021, the composition of our AUM was 44%43% in wealth management and 56%57% in institutional and intermediary, compared to 45% in wealth management and 55% in institutional and intermediary at March 31,June 30, 2020. The composition of our AUM across portfolios at March 31,June 30, 2021 was 67% in blended assets, 28% in equity, and 5% in fixed income, compared to 71%70% in blended assets, 24%25% in equity, and 5% in fixed income at March 31,as of June 30, 2020.
ForWith regard to our wealth management channel, gross client inflows of less than $0.2$0.4 billion were offset by $0.3approximately $0.6 billion of gross client outflows during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021. The approximately $0.2 billion grossGross client inflows include approximately $0.2included $0.4 billion into our blended asset portfolioportfolios, and less than $0.1 billion into both our equity portfolios and fixed income portfolios. Outflows during the quartersix months ended June 30, 2021 were $0.3$0.5 billion, orwith 87% from blended portfolios, less than $0.1 billion, or 8%10% from equity, and less than $0.1 billion, or 5%3% from fixed income portfolios, respectively. The annualized separate account retention rate was 97% for the six months ended June 30, 2021,consistent with the rolling twelve months ended June 30, 2021.
GrossNet client flows from our institutional and intermediary channel were relatively stable and included gross client inflows of $0.4$1.0 billion were offset by gross client outflows of $0.5$1.0 billion within our institutional and intermediary channel during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021. Gross client inflows include approximately $0.2included $0.5 billion, or 55% into our blended asset portfolios, $0.2$0.3 billion or 34% into our equity portfolios and less than $0.1 billion or 11% into our fixed income portfolios.portfolios during the six months ended June 30, 2021. With regard to grossinstitutional and intermediary client outflows, $0.2$0.6 billion, or 52% was55%, were from our blended asset portfolios, $0.1$0.4 billion or 39% was38% were from our equity portfolios and less than $0.1 billion or 9% was from our fixed income portfolios.portfolios during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
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The following table sets forth our results of operations and relatedother data for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020:
Three months ended March 31,Period-to-Period Six months ended June 30,Period-to-Period
20212020$%20212020$%
(in thousands, except share data)  (in thousands, except share data) 
RevenuesRevenuesRevenues
Management FeesManagement FeesManagement Fees
Wealth managementWealth management$15,348 $14,020 $1,328 %Wealth management$31,459 $27,591 $3,868 14 %
Institutional and intermediaryInstitutional and intermediary14,328 12,411 1,917 15 %Institutional and intermediary29,469 24,722 4,747 19 %
Distribution and shareholder servicingDistribution and shareholder servicing2,153 2,390 (237)(10)%Distribution and shareholder servicing4,389 4,693 (304)(6)%
Custodial servicesCustodial services1,645 1,599 46 %Custodial services3,366 3,062 304 10 %
Other revenueOther revenue677 689 (12)(2)%Other revenue1,545 1,387 158 11 %
Total revenueTotal revenue34,151 31,109 3,042 10 %Total revenue70,228 61,455 8,773 14 %
ExpensesExpensesExpenses
Compensation and related costsCompensation and related costs18,874 19,263 (389)(2)%Compensation and related costs37,221 36,642 579 %
Distribution, servicing and custody expensesDistribution, servicing and custody expenses2,358 2,813 (455)(16)%Distribution, servicing and custody expenses4,855 5,238 (383)(7)%
Other operating costsOther operating costs6,710 7,097 (387)(5)%Other operating costs14,173 14,586 (413)(3)%
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses27,942 29,173 (1,231)(4)%Total operating expenses56,249 56,466 (217)— %
Operating incomeOperating income6,209 1,936 4,273 221 %Operating income13,979 4,989 8,990 180 %
Non-operating income (loss)Non-operating income (loss)Non-operating income (loss)
Non-operating income (loss), netNon-operating income (loss), net458 (4,327)4,785 (111)%Non-operating income (loss), net714 (1,637)2,351 (144)%
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes6,667 (2,391)9,058 (379)%
Income before provision for income taxesIncome before provision for income taxes14,693 3,352 11,341 338 %
Provision for (benefit from) income taxesProvision for (benefit from) income taxes703 (3,226)3,929 (122)%Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,988 (1,766)3,754 (213)%
Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interestsNet income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests5,964 835 5,129 614 %Net income attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests12,705 5,118 7,587 148 %
Less: net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests724 (23)747 (3,248)%
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests1,540 2,714 (1,174)(43)%
Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,240 $858 $4,382 511 %Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$11,165 $2,404 $8,761 364 %
Per Share DataPer Share DataPer Share Data
Net income per share available to Class A common stockNet income per share available to Class A common stockNet income per share available to Class A common stock
BasicBasic$0.31 $0.05 Basic$0.65 $0.15 
DilutedDiluted$0.26 $0.01 Diluted$0.55 $0.06 
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstandingWeighted average shares of Class A common stock outstandingWeighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding
BasicBasic17,026,500 15,812,951 Basic16,991,188 15,972,809 
DilutedDiluted20,273,343 77,907,557 Diluted20,290,914 61,851,067 
Other financial and operating dataOther financial and operating dataOther financial and operating data
Economic income (loss) (1)
$7,569 $(1,672)$9,241 (553)%
Economic income (1)
Economic income (1)
$16,409 $5,029 $11,380 226 %
Economic net income (1)
Economic net income (1)
$6,700 $1,566 $5,134 328 %
Economic net income (1)
$14,087 $5,537 $8,550 154 %
Economic net income per adjusted share (1)
Economic net income per adjusted share (1)
$0.29 $0.02 
Economic net income per adjusted share (1)
$0.60 $0.09 
Weighted average adjusted Class A common stock outstanding(1)
Weighted average adjusted Class A common stock outstanding(1)
23,399,391 80,759,644 
Weighted average adjusted Class A common stock outstanding (1)
23,435,693 64,534,522 
_______________________    ________________________
(1)See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Information” for Manning & Napier’s reasons for including these non-GAAP measures not calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") in this report in addition to a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP measures for the periods indicated.

Revenues
Wealth management revenue increased by $3.9 million, or 14%, to $31.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 from $27.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. This increase is driven primarily by a 9% increase in our average wealth management AUM for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. As of
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Revenues
Wealth management revenue increased by $1.3 million, or 9%, to $15.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $14.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This increase is driven primarily by a 5%, or $0.5 billion, increase in our average wealth management AUM for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. At March 31,June 30, 2021, the concentration of investmentsassets in our wealth management assets werechannel was 87% blended assets, 10% equity and 3% fixed income, compared to 84% blended assets, 12% equity and 4% fixed incomewhich is consistent with the concentration of investments as of March 31,June 30, 2020.
Institutional and intermediary revenue increased by $1.9$4.7 million, or 15%19%, to $14.3$29.5 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 from $12.4$24.7 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. This increase is driven primarily by a 13%18%, or $1.3$1.8 billion, increase in our average institutional and intermediary AUM for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. As of March 31,June 30, 2021 the concentration of assets in our institutional and intermediary channel was 52% blended assets, 42% equity and 6% fixed income, compared to 60%56% blended assets, 32%37% equity and 8%7% fixed income as of March 31,June 30, 2020.
Distribution and shareholder servicing revenue decreased by $0.2$0.3 million, or 10%6%, to $2.2$4.4 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 from $2.4$4.7 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. This decrease was driven by a change in business mix within our mutual funds.
Custodial services revenue remained consistent at $1.6increased by $0.3 million, or 10%, to $3.4 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 as compared tofrom $3.1 million for the threesix months ended March 31, 2020,June 30, 2020. The increase primarily relates to a corresponding increase in line with our collective investment trust AUM for each period.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses decreased by $1.2$0.2 million or 4%, to $27.9$56.2 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 from $29.2$56.5 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020.
Compensation and related costs decreasedincreased by $0.4$0.6 million, or 2%, to $18.9$37.2 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 from $19.3$36.6 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. This decreasechange was driven by higher incentive compensation accruals based on increases in the current quarter comparedboth sales and year to the first quarter of 2020 was drivendate performance in 2021, partially offset by a decrease in our workforce coupled withand the impacts offrom the implementation of anewly implemented deferred compensation plan during the three months ended March 31, 2021, whereby a fraction of incentive compensation for our most highly compensated employees will be invested in our investment products and vested over a multi-year period.2021. When considered as a percentage of revenue, compensation and related costs was 55%53% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 62%60% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020.
Distribution, servicing and custody expenses decreased by $0.5$0.4 million, or 16%7%, to $2.4$4.9 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 from $2.8$5.2 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. The decrease resulted primarily fromexpense decreased despite a 5% increase in mutual fund and collective investment trust average AUM for the Target Date Mutual Fund merger that was completed duringsix months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020 as well as changessix months ended June 30, 2020. AUM increases were concentrated in our business mix.fund share classes where the company does not incur distribution and servicing fees. As a percentage of mutual fund and collective investment trust average AUM, distribution, servicing and custody expense was 0.17%0.34% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, compared to 0.20%0.38% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020.
Other operating costs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $6.7decreased by $0.4 million, as comparedor 3%, to $7.1$14.2 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 from $14.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily driven by an overall reduction in operational costs resulting from COVID-19 including a decrease in travel and facility costs, which we do not expect to remain at lower levels once the prevalence of COVID-19 has diminished. As a percentage of revenue, other operating costs were 20% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 23%was 20% compared to 24% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020.
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Non-Operating Income (Loss)
Non-operating income for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 was $0.5$0.7 million, an increase of $4.8$2.4 million, from non-operating loss of $4.3$1.6 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. The following table reflects the components of non-operating income (loss) for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020:
Three months ended March 31,Period-to-Period Six months ended June 30,Period-to-Period
20212020$%20212020$%
(in thousands)  (in thousands) 
Non-operating income (loss)Non-operating income (loss)Non-operating income (loss)
Interest expenseInterest expense$(2)$(2)$— — %Interest expense$(3)$(5)$40 %
Interest and dividend income (1)
Interest and dividend income (1)
123 357 (234)(66)%
Interest and dividend income (1)
231 720 (489)(68)%
Change in liability under tax receivable agreement (2)
Change in liability under tax receivable agreement (2)
— (2,850)2,850 (100)%
Change in liability under tax receivable agreement (2)
(228)(1,936)1,708 88 %
Net gains (losses) on investments (3)
Net gains (losses) on investments (3)
337 (1,832)2,169 (118)%
Net gains (losses) on investments (3)
714 (416)1,130 272 %
Total non-operating income (loss)Total non-operating income (loss)$458 $(4,327)$4,785 (111)%Total non-operating income (loss)$714 $(1,637)$2,351 144 %
__________________________
(1)The decrease in interest and dividend income for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to 2020 is attributable to a decrease in investments, including U.S. Treasury notes and bills, corporate bonds and other short-term investments to optimize cash management opportunities, coupled with a decrease in interest rates.
(2)The change in the liability under the TRAtax receivable agreement for the threesix months ended March 31, 2020June 30, 2021 is driven by an increase in the Company's expected tax benefits under the TRAtax receivable agreement with the other holders of units of Manning & Napier Group and the corresponding changes in the payment of such benefits. The change during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020 is a result ofdriven by the tax benefits realized with the enactment of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") on March 27, 2020.Act.
(3)The amount of net gain (loss) on investments held by us, to provide initial cash seeding for product development purposes and to hedge economic exposure to market movements on our deferred compensation plan, will vary depending on the performance and overall amount of our investments.

Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes was $0.7$2.0 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, compared to a benefit of $3.2$1.8 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2020. The changeexpense increase is attributed primarily to the 2020 enactment of the CARES Act on March 27, 2020 which included,includes, among other things, the elimination of certain restrictions on recognizing net operating losses. As a result, during the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized an income tax benefit related to the favorable rate applied to our net operating losses duringlosses. Further, for the threesix months ended March 31, 2020. This decrease is partially offset byJune 30, 2021, a higher portion of Manning & Napier Group's earnings is subject to taxation at the C-Corporation level during the three months ended March 31, 2021when compared to the same period in 2020. Manning & Napier Inc.'s weighted ownership of Manning & Napier Group was 88.9% as of March 31,89.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 19.5% as42.3% during the same period of March 31, 2020. This increase is primarily the result of the redemptionannual exchange process between the Company and subsequent retirementthe holders of 60,012,419 Class A units of Manning & Napier Group on May 11, 2020.its non-controlling interests.
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Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Information
Management uses economic income, economic net income and economic net income per adjusted share as financial measures to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of our business as a whole in the ordinary, ongoing and customary course of its operations. Economic income, economic net income and economic net income per adjusted share are not presented in accordance with GAAP.
Economic income presents a non-GAAP financial measure of the controlling and non-controlling interests of Manning & Napier Group and excludes from income before provision for income taxes strategic restructuring and transaction costs, net. We define strategic restructuring and transaction costs, net, as items related to our ongoing strategic review focused on the evolution of our distribution strategy and technology initiatives. These costs include severance-related costs, certain consulting and other professional service fees, lease and other contract termination costs, and gain or loss on sale of a business.
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Economic net income is a non-GAAP measure of after-tax operating performance and equals the Company’s income before provision for income taxes less adjusted income taxes. Adjusted income taxes are estimated assuming the exchange of all outstanding units of Manning & Napier Group into Class A common stock on a one-to-one basis. Therefore, all income of Manning & Napier Group allocated to the units of Manning & Napier Group is treated as if it were allocated to us and represents an estimate of income tax expense (benefit) at an effective rate of 11.5%16.4% and (193.7%)40.7% for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and of 14.2% and (10.1)% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, reflecting assumed federal, state and local income taxes.
Economic net income per adjusted share is a non-GAAP measure and is equal to economic net income divided by the weighted average adjusted Class A common shares outstanding. The number of weighted average adjusted Class A common shares outstanding for all periods presented is determined by assuming the weighted average exchangeable units of Manning & Napier Group, weighted average unvested stock units, weighted average unvested restricted stock awards, and weighted average vested stock options are converted into our outstanding Class A common stock as of the respective reporting date, on a one-to-one basis. Our management uses economic net income, among other financial data, to determine the earnings available to distribute as dividends to holders of its Class A common stock and to the holders of the units of Manning & Napier Group.
Non-GAAP measures are not a substitute for financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and therefore should not be used in isolation of, but in conjunction with, GAAP measures. Additionally, our non-GAAP measures may differ from similar measures used by other companies, even if similar terms are used to identify such measures.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our other financial and operating data:
Three months ended March 31, Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
(in thousands, except share data)(in thousands, except share data)
Economic income (loss) (Non-GAAP)$7,569 $(1,672)
Economic income (Non-GAAP)Economic income (Non-GAAP)$8,840 $6,701 $16,409 $5,029 
Economic net income (Non-GAAP)Economic net income (Non-GAAP)$6,700 $1,566 Economic net income (Non-GAAP)$7,387 $3,971 $14,087 $5,537 
Economic net income per adjusted share (Non-GAAP)Economic net income per adjusted share (Non-GAAP)$0.29 $0.02 Economic net income per adjusted share (Non-GAAP)$0.31 $0.08 $0.60 $0.09 
Weighted average adjusted Class A common stock outstanding (Non-GAAP)Weighted average adjusted Class A common stock outstanding (Non-GAAP)23,399,391 80,759,644 Weighted average adjusted Class A common stock outstanding (Non-GAAP)23,471,600 48,309,400 23,435,693 64,534,522 
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The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP measures:
Three months ended March 31, Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
(in thousands, except share data) (in thousands, except share data)
Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,240 $858 Net income attributable to Manning & Napier, Inc.$5,925 $1,546 $11,165 $2,404 
Add back: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests724 (23)
Add back: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interestsAdd back: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests816 2,737 1,540 2,714 
Add back: Provision for (benefit from) income taxesAdd back: Provision for (benefit from) income taxes703 (3,226)Add back: Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,285 1,460 1,988 (1,766)
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes$6,667 $(2,391)
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxesIncome before provision for (benefit from) income taxes$8,026 $5,743 $14,693 $3,352 
Add back: Strategic restructuring and transaction costs, net (1)
Add back: Strategic restructuring and transaction costs, net (1)
902 719 
Add back: Strategic restructuring and transaction costs, net (1)
814 958 1,716 1,677 
Economic income (loss) (Non-GAAP)$7,569 (1,672)
Economic income (Non-GAAP)Economic income (Non-GAAP)$8,840 6,701 16,409 5,029 
Adjusted income taxes (Non-GAAP)Adjusted income taxes (Non-GAAP)869 (3,238)Adjusted income taxes (Non-GAAP)1,453 2,730 2,322 (508)
Economic net income (Non-GAAP)Economic net income (Non-GAAP)$6,700 $1,566 Economic net income (Non-GAAP)$7,387 $3,971 $14,087 $5,537 
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - BasicWeighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - Basic17,026,500 15,812,951 Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - Basic16,956,265 16,132,667 16,991,188 15,972,809 
Assumed vesting, conversion or exchange of:Assumed vesting, conversion or exchange of:Assumed vesting, conversion or exchange of:
Weighted average Manning & Napier Group, LLC units outstanding (noncontrolling interest)Weighted average Manning & Napier Group, LLC units outstanding (noncontrolling interest)2,021,781 62,034,200 Weighted average Manning & Napier Group, LLC units outstanding (noncontrolling interest)2,004,276 28,400,866 2,012,980 45,217,533 
Weighted average unvested restricted stock units and share awardsWeighted average unvested restricted stock units and share awards3,764,744 2,745,827 Weighted average unvested restricted stock units and share awards4,001,287 3,609,201 3,883,669 3,177,514 
Weighted average vested stock optionsWeighted average vested stock options586,366 166,666 Weighted average vested stock options509,772 166,666 547,856 166,666 
Weighted average adjusted shares (Non-GAAP)Weighted average adjusted shares (Non-GAAP)23,399,391 80,759,644 Weighted average adjusted shares (Non-GAAP)23,471,600 48,309,400 23,435,693 64,534,522 
Economic net income per adjusted share (Non-GAAP)Economic net income per adjusted share (Non-GAAP)$0.29 $0.02 Economic net income per adjusted share (Non-GAAP)$0.31 $0.08 $0.60 $0.09 
__________________________

(1) Strategic restructuring and transaction costs, net, are included in the following financial statement line items of our Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Three months ended March 31, Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
202120202021202020212020
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Compensation and related costsCompensation and related costs$484 $686 Compensation and related costs$156 $154 $640 $840 
Other operating costsOther operating costs418 33 Other operating costs658 804 1,076 837 
Total strategic restructuring and transaction costs$902 $719 
Total strategic restructuring and transaction costs, netTotal strategic restructuring and transaction costs, net$814 $958 $1,716 $1,677 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, our cash and liquidity needs have been met primarily through cash generated by our operations and cash and cash equivalents on hand. Our financial condition at March 31,June 30, 2021 was highly liquid, with a significant amount of our assets comprised of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and investment securities held by us for the purpose of optimizing short-term cash management and providing initial cash seeding for product development purposes.
The following table sets forth certain key financial data relating to our liquidity and capital resources as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$45,195 $57,635 Cash and cash equivalents$55,716 $57,635 
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable10,776 11,915 Accounts receivable12,534 11,915 
Investment securitiesInvestment securities23,905 23,497 Investment securities23,698 23,497 
Amounts payable under tax receivable agreement (1)
Amounts payable under tax receivable agreement (1)
$18,979 $18,979 
Amounts payable under tax receivable agreement (1)
$20,818 $18,979 
________________________
(1)In light of numerous factors affecting our obligation to make such payments, the timing and amounts of any such actual payments are based on our best estimate as of March 31,June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, including our ability to realize the expected tax benefits. Actual payments may significantly differ from estimated payments.
We have no material assets other than our ownership of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group and, accordingly, will depend on distributions from Manning & Napier Group to pay taxes and operating expenses, as well as any dividends we may pay. As managing member of Manning & Napier Group, we will determine the timing and amount of any distributions to be paid to its members. We intend to cause Manning & Napier Group to distribute cash to its members, including us, in an amount sufficient to cover taxes and operating expenses, including dividends, if any, declared by us. If we do cause Manning & Napier Group to make such distributions, Manning & Napier Group Holdings, LLC ("M&N Group Holdings"), Manning & Napier Capital Company, LLC ("MNCC") and any other holders of units of Manning & Napier Group will be entitled to receive equivalent distributions on a pari-passu basis. Due to the market volatility and corresponding earnings volatility that could occur stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Directors did not approve any cash dividends on our Class A common stock since the dividend paid on May 1, 2020. The historical quarterly cash dividends on our Class A common stock were, and we believe any future dividends would be, funded from our portion of distributions made by Manning & Napier Group, from its available cash generated from operations. While our operating earnings and margins have improved, they remain below industry averages as our digital transformation and corresponding restructuring continues. Our management team and the Board of Directors will continue to monitor our financial results and liquidity and will determine whether or not to pay future dividends on a quarterly basis.
In determining the sufficiency of liquidity and capital resources to fund our business, we regularly monitor our liquidity position, including among other things, cash, working capital, long-term liabilities, lease commitments and operating company distributions.
On February 3, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $10.0 million of Manning & Napier Inc. Class A common shares. Given the strength of our balance sheet and cash position, the Company plans to use the approved share repurchase program to, at a minimum, offset dilution created from the awards issued under the Company’s long-term incentive plan to our employees during the first quarter of 2021. These equity awards were valued at approximately $6$6.0 million and will vest over the next 5 years. The authority to repurchase shares, which will be exercised from time to time as market conditions warrant, is subject to regulatory considerations and will expire on December 31, 2021. The timing, amount, and other terms and conditions of any repurchases will be determined by management at its discretion based on a variety of factors, including the market price of shares, general market and economic conditions, and legal requirements. The repurchase program may be modified, discontinued or suspended at any time. We intend to fund the program through cash on hand and future cash flow. During the first quarter ofsix months ended June 30, 2021, Manning & Napier Inc. purchased a total of 412,405713,665 Class A common shares using approximately $3.0$5.3 million in cash.
Due to the market volatility and corresponding earnings volatility that could occur stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Directors did not approve any cash dividends on our Class A common stock since the dividend paid on May 1, 2020. However, the strength of our balance sheet in early 2021 led to the Board of Directors to authorize the share repurchase plan as a means to return capital to Class A shareholders and is intended to offset dilution stemming from our long-term incentive plan awards. Given the continued strength of our balance sheet during the six months ended June 30, 2021, along with the renewed stability of our earnings, our Board of Directors reinstated the cash dividends on our Class A common stock while continuing our share repurchase program. As such, on July 20, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a $0.05 per share dividend to the holders of Class A common stock. The dividend is payable on or about August 16, 2021 to shareholders of record as of August 2, 2021. The historical quarterly cash dividends on our Class A common stock were, and any future dividends would be, funded from our portion of distributions made by Manning & Napier Group, from its available cash generated from operations.
A state is currently auditing the Company's 2016, 2017 and 2018 corporate tax returns. The audit is expected to be completed in 2021. As of March 31,June 30, 2021, the audit is in process and the state is collecting and evaluating the data for which the Company has not recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The Company believes
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any potential increases to this liability, which could be up to approximately $1.3 million, would not result in a material change to its financial position.
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As of March 31,June 30, 2021, a total of 2,021,781428,812 units of Manning & Napier Group were held by the noncontrolling interests, including M&N Group Holdings and MNCC.Holdings. Pursuant to the terms of the annual exchange process, such units may be tendered for exchange or redemption. On March 15, 2021, the Company received notice that 1,592,969 of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group will bewere tendered for redemption or exchange. The independent directors, on behalf of the Company, have decided that such exchange will be settled in 1,592,969 shares of unregistered Class A Common Stock of the Company. The Company expects the settlement ofcompleted the exchange to occur later in the year. Ason June 30, 2021 and as a result, of the exchange, Manning & Napier Inc. will acquireacquired an equivalent number of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group resulting in an increase inand its ownership of Manning & Napier Group increased from approximately 89%89.0% to 98%97.7%.
With approximately $69.1$79.4 million in cash and investment securities on hand as of March 31,June 30, 2021, we expect that we have sufficient liquidity available to meet our needs for the foreseeable future. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 we did not generate net cash from operations, which was driven by the timing of accrued annual incentive compensation payments during the first quarter. We believe cash on hand and cash generated from operations will be sufficient over the next twelve months to meet our working capital requirements.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth our cash flows for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020. Operating activities consist primarily of net income subject to adjustments for changes in operating assets and liabilities, equity-based compensation expense, changes in the liability under the TRA, deferred income tax expense and depreciation and amortization. Investing activities consist primarily of the purchase and sale of investments for the purpose of providing initial cash seeding for product development and cash management purposes and purchases of property and equipment. Financing activities consist primarily of distributions to noncontrolling interests, purchases of treasury stock, dividends paid on our Class A common stock, payment of shares withheld to satisfy withholding requirements and purchases of Class A units held by noncontrolling interests of Manning & Napier Group. 
Three months ended March 31, Six months ended June 30,
20212020 20212020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(5,727)$(8,976)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(64)17,258 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) operating activities$9,257 $(490)
Net cash provided by investing activitiesNet cash provided by investing activities409 65,450 
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(6,649)(351)Net cash used in financing activities(11,585)(91,471)
Net change in cash and cash equivalentsNet change in cash and cash equivalents$(12,440)$7,931 Net change in cash and cash equivalents$(1,919)$(26,511)

ThreeSix Months Ended March 31,June 30, 2021 Compared to ThreeSix Months Ended March 31,June 30, 2020
Operating Activities
Operating activities used $5.7provided $9.3 million and $9.0used less than $0.5 million of net cash for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This overall $3.2$9.7 million decreaseincrease in net cash used inprovided by operating activities for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to 2020 was attributed to an increase in net income after adjustment for non-cash items of approximately $4.6$7.4 million during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. The increase in net income after adjustment for non-cash items of $8.0$16.5 million during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to $3.4$9.1 million during the same period in 2020 was driven by higher revenues resulting from an increase in our average AUM, coupled with a decrease in operating expenses. This decreaseincrease in net cash used was partially offsetalso attributed by changes in operating assets and operating liabilities of approximately $1.4$2.3 million driven by the timingreceipt of payments, including compensation and benefits and other accrued costs.an income tax refund during the second quarter of 2021.
Investing Activities
Investing activities used $0.1provided $0.4 million and provided $17.3$65.5 million of net cash for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This change was driven by a decrease in cash from investing activities of $17.2$65.2 million due to our funding of and timing of activity within our investment securities. During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, we usedreceived approximately $0.1$0.5 million, net, from the purchase and sale of certain securities for cash management purposes compared to receiving $17.2$65.6 million in the same period of 2020, primarily related to the sale of investment securities in order help fund the redemption of Class A units during the six months ended June 30, 2020. We used an additional $0.1$0.2 million of cash for the purchases of property and equipment during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020.
Financing Activities
Financing activities used $6.6$11.6 million and $0.4$91.5 million of net cash for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This overall $6.3$79.9 million increasedecrease in net cash used in financing activities was primarily the result of cash used for the redemption of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group pursuant to the annual exchange process, existing since the time
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of our IPO, of $90.8 million in 2020, whereas the Company settled the exchange in 2021 utilizing 1,592,969 shares of unregistered Class A Common Stock of the Company. This decrease in cash used was partially offset by an increase in cash used for the payment of shares withheld to satisfy withholding requirements in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and exercise of stock options and the purchase of treasury shares during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021. The increase in cash used for the payment of shares withheld to satisfy withholding requirements on equity awards of $3.3$5.6 million compared to 2020 is attributed to the timing and amount of stock options exercised during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021. In addition, we used cash of $3.0$5.3 million for the purchase of treasury shares during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 under the share repurchase program of up to $10.0 million of Manning & Napier Inc. Class A common shares approved on February 3, 2021.
Dividends
We have funded our historical quarterly cash dividends on our Class A common stock, and we believe any future dividends would be funded from our portion of distributions made by Manning & Napier Group, from its available cash generated from operations. Due to the market volatility and corresponding earnings volatility that could occur stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Directors hashad not approved any cash dividends on our Class A common stock since the dividend paid on May 1, 2020. The historical quarterlyGiven the continued strength of our balance sheet, along with the renewed stability of our earnings, our Board of Directors reinstated the cash dividends on our Class A common stock were, and we believe any future dividends would be, funded fromwhile continuing our portion of distributions made by Manning & Napier Group, from its available cash generated from operations. While our operating earnings and margins have improved, they remain below industry averages as our digital transformation and corresponding restructuring continues. Our management team andshare repurchase program.
On July 20, 2021, the Board of Directors will continuedeclared a $0.05 per share dividend to monitor our financial results and liquidity and will determine whetherthe holders of Class A common stock. The dividend is payable on or notabout August 16, 2021 to pay future dividends on a quarterly basis.shareholders of record as of August 2, 2021.
The declaration and payment of all future dividends, if any, will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. In determining the amount of any future dividends, our Board of Directors will take into account:
the financial results of Manning & Napier Group;
our available cash, as well as anticipated cash requirements, including any debt servicing and payments required under the tax receivable agreement or the Exchange Agreement;
our capital requirements and the capital requirements of our subsidiaries, including Manning & Napier Group;
contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions on, and implications of, the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or distributions by Manning & Napier Group to us, including the obligation of Manning & Napier Group to make tax distributions to its unitholders, including us;
general economic and business conditions, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and state and regional stay-at-home orders; and
any other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
We have no material assets other than our ownership of Class A units of Manning & Napier Group and, accordingly, will depend on distributions from Manning & Napier Group to fund any dividends we may pay. As managing member of Manning & Napier Group, we will determine the timing and amount of any distributions to be paid to its members, other than mandatory tax distributions required under Manning & Napier Group's operating agreement. We intend to cause Manning & Napier Group to distribute cash to its members, including us, in an amount sufficient to cover dividends, if any, declared by us. If we do cause Manning & Napier Group to make such distributions, M&N Group Holdings MNCC and any other holders of units of Manning & Napier Group will be entitled to receive equivalent distributions on a pari passu basis.
On March 2, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a $2.5 million distribution from Manning & Napier Group to Manning & Napier and the noncontrolling interests of Manning & Napier Group, of which approximately $0.3 million was paid to the noncontrolling members of Manning & Napier Group.
On April 19, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a $2.5 million distribution from Manning & Napier Group to Manning & Napier and the noncontrolling interests of Manning & Napier Group, of which approximately $0.3 million was paid to the noncontrolling members of Manning & Napier Group.
On July 20, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a $3.5 million distribution from Manning & Napier Group to Manning & Napier and the noncontrolling interests of Manning & Napier Group, of which approximately $0.1 million was paid to the noncontrolling members of Manning & Napier Group.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31,June 30, 2021.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
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As a "smaller reporting company," we are not required to provide this information.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31,June 30, 2021 pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31,June 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31,June 30, 2021 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We have set forth in Item 1A to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 risk factors relating to our business, our industry, our structure and our Class A common stock. Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are referred to such Item 1A for a more complete understanding of risks concerning our company. There have been no material changes in our risk factors since those published in such Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Pursuant to the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors in February 2021 for up to $10.0 million of our Class A common shares, during the first quarter ofthree months ended June 30, 2021, we repurchased Class A common shares as follows:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid Per Share
 (in dollars)
  Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsApproximate Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1 - 31, 2021— $— — $— 
February 1 - 28, 202152,570 $7.15 52,570 $9,620,485 
March 1 - 31, 2021359,835 $7.27 359,835 $7,012,781 
Total412,405 $7.24 412,405 $7,012,781 
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid Per Share
 (in dollars)
  Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsApproximate Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April 1 - 30, 2021— $— — $7,012,781 
May 1 - 31, 2021136,038 $7.41 136,038 $6,014,246 
June 1 - 30, 2021165,222 $8.13 165,222 $4,663,255 
Total301,260 $7.80 301,260 $4,663,255 
The repurchase program will expire on December 31, 2021.

Item 5. Other Information
On March 23, 2021, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K disclosing that the Company would settle the approximately 1.6 million units of Manning & Napier Group, LLC, tendered for exchange by certain legacy owners, in approximately 1.6 million shares of unregistered Class A Common Stock of the Company. The closing of such transaction was previously reported to occur on or before May 15, 2021. The Company continues to work diligently to close the transaction expeditiously and expects such closing to occur later in the year.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101Materials from the Manning & Napier, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,June 30, 2021, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) related Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (included in Exhibit 101)








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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 MANNING & NAPIER, INC.
Dated: May 14,August 13, 2021 By: /s/ Marc Mayer
  Marc Mayer
  Chief Executive Officer
  (principal executive officer)
  /s/ Paul J. Battaglia
  Paul J. Battaglia
  Chief Financial Officer
  (principal financial and accounting officer)

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