Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________________
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20172018
OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     
Commission file number 001-35219
_________________________
Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________
Delaware 45-2598330
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
6649 Westwood Blvd.
Orlando, FL
 32821
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(407) 206-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer 
¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 Smaller reporting company ¨
    Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x
The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, as of July 28, 201727, 2018 was 27,029,239.26,572,516.
 




MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS
  
Page No.
Part I.
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Part II.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 

Throughout this report, we refer to brands that we own, as well as those brands that we license from Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott International”) or its affiliates, as our brands. Brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names that we own or license from Marriott International include Marriott Vacation Club®, Marriott Vacation Club DestinationsTM, Marriott Vacation Club PulseSM, Marriott Grand Residence Club®, Grand Residences by Marriott®, and The Ritz-Carlton Club®. We also refer to Marriott International’s Marriott Rewards® customer loyalty program. We may also refer to brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies and organizations, and these brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names are the property of their respective owners.




PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.    Financial Statements
MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
REVENUES              
Sale of vacation ownership products$191,010
 $146,450
 $363,165
 $284,819
$205,168
 $201,856
 $379,957
 $365,733
Resort management and other services79,158
 74,156
 152,122
 137,864
77,642
 71,940
 147,822
 139,359
Financing32,530
 28,654
 64,641
 57,878
35,851
 32,530
 71,333
 64,641
Rental84,188
 75,069
 169,444
 155,357
74,561
 69,290
 148,771
 136,969
Cost reimbursements110,734
 98,842
 234,367
 206,375
201,470
 186,820
 417,658
 384,034
TOTAL REVENUES497,620
 423,171
 983,739
 842,293
594,692
 562,436
 1,165,541
 1,090,736
EXPENSES              
Cost of vacation ownership products46,143
 33,753
 88,763
 69,370
56,863
 51,025
 103,226
 94,796
Marketing and sales104,029
 78,919
 204,690
 157,331
109,315
 99,168
 215,249
 196,666
Resort management and other services44,008
 44,007
 85,653
 83,870
41,079
 39,413
 78,857
 76,884
Financing3,449
 2,621
 7,466
 7,201
3,788
 3,449
 8,036
 7,466
Rental70,163
 66,028
 140,595
 130,688
62,739
 57,756
 118,638
 111,464
General and administrative29,534
 25,361
 57,073
 50,720
32,992
 29,534
 62,427
 57,073
Litigation settlement183
 
 183
 (303)16,312
 183
 16,209
 183
Consumer financing interest5,654
 5,117
 11,592
 10,479
6,172
 5,654
 12,778
 11,592
Royalty fee16,307
 14,026
 32,377
 27,383
16,198
 16,307
 31,022
 32,377
Cost reimbursements110,734
 98,842
 234,367
 206,375
201,470
 186,820
 417,658
 384,034
TOTAL EXPENSES430,204
 368,674
 862,759
 743,114
546,928
 489,309
 1,064,100
 972,535
(Losses) gains and other (expense) income(166) 10,668
 (225) 10,675
Losses and other expense, net(6,586) (166) (6,140) (225)
Interest expense(1,757) (2,087) (2,538) (4,069)(4,112) (1,757) (8,429) (2,538)
Other(100) (1,911) (469) (4,453)(19,686) (100) (22,802) (469)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES65,393
 61,167
 117,748
 101,332
17,380
 71,104
 64,070
 114,969
Provision for income taxes(21,117) (24,858) (39,772) (40,615)(6,619) (22,918) (17,328) (38,893)
NET INCOME$44,276
 $36,309
 $77,976
 $60,717
$10,761
 $48,186
 $46,742
 $76,076
              
EARNINGS PER SHARE              
Earnings per share - Basic$1.62
 $1.28
 $2.86
 $2.11
$0.40
 $1.76
 $1.75
 $2.79
Earnings per share - Diluted$1.58
 $1.26
 $2.79
 $2.08
$0.39
 $1.72
 $1.71
 $2.72
              
CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER SHARE$0.35
 $0.30
 $0.70
 $0.60
$0.40
 $0.35
 $0.80
 $0.70


See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements



MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Year to Date Ended
(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Net income$44,276
 $36,309
 $77,976
 $60,717
$10,761
 $48,186
 $46,742
 $76,076
Other comprehensive income (loss):       
Other comprehensive (loss) income:       
Foreign currency translation adjustments2,465
 606
 6,681
 1,753
(7,233) 2,465
 (1,008) 6,681
Derivative instrument adjustment, net of tax23
 (808) 48
 (399)18
 23
 37
 48
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax2,488
 (202) 6,729
 1,354
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(7,215) 2,488
 (971) 6,729
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME$46,764
 $36,107
 $84,705
 $62,071
$3,546
 $50,674
 $45,771
 $82,805


See Notes to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements




MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
(Unaudited)
June 30, 2017
 December 30, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
ASSETS      
Cash and cash equivalents$85,151
 $147,102
$547,667
 $409,059
Restricted cash (including $31,005 and $27,525 from VIEs, respectively)58,753
 66,000
Accounts and contracts receivable, net (including $4,311 and $4,865 from VIEs, respectively)131,395
 161,733
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net (including $655,180 and $717,543 from VIEs, respectively)1,036,449
 972,311
Restricted cash (including $144,816 and $32,321 from VIEs, respectively)170,536
 81,553
Accounts receivable, net (including $6,039 and $5,639 from VIEs, respectively)67,619
 91,659
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net (including $964,510 and $814,011 from VIEs, respectively)1,167,779
 1,114,552
Inventory744,430
 712,536
690,154
 728,379
Property and equipment249,264
 202,802
246,940
 252,727
Other (including $10,647 and $0 from VIEs, respectively)127,994
 128,935
Other (including $25,688 and $13,708 from VIEs, respectively)166,875
 166,653
TOTAL ASSETS$2,433,436
 $2,391,419
$3,057,570
 $2,844,582
      
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY      
Accounts payable$76,456
 $124,439
$84,331
 $145,405
Advance deposits59,401
 55,542
95,816
 84,087
Accrued liabilities (including $537 and $584 from VIEs, respectively)112,916
 147,469
Accrued liabilities (including $685 and $701 from VIEs, respectively)99,469
 119,810
Deferred revenue115,536
 95,495
98,500
 69,058
Payroll and benefits liability87,000
 95,516
85,216
 111,885
Deferred compensation liability69,928
 62,874
82,624
 74,851
Debt, net (including $671,221 and $738,362 from VIEs, respectively)773,557
 737,224
Debt, net (including $1,113,860 and $845,131 from VIEs, respectively)1,332,276
 1,095,213
Other12,989
 15,873
11,937
 13,471
Deferred taxes156,835
 149,168
101,760
 89,987
TOTAL LIABILITIES1,464,618
 1,483,600
1,991,929
 1,803,767
Contingencies and Commitments (Note 8)

 

Contingencies and Commitments (Note 9)

 

Preferred stock — $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding
 

 
Common stock — $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 36,839,064 and 36,633,868 shares issued, respectively368
 366
Treasury stock — at cost; 9,669,970 and 9,643,562 shares, respectively(610,115) (606,631)
Common stock — $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 36,981,204 and 36,861,843 shares issued, respectively370
 369
Treasury stock — at cost; 10,408,996 and 10,400,547 shares, respectively(695,746) (694,233)
Additional paid-in capital1,161,507
 1,162,283
1,190,448
 1,188,538
Accumulated other comprehensive income12,189
 5,460
15,774
 16,745
Retained earnings404,869
 346,341
554,795
 529,396
TOTAL EQUITY968,818
 907,819
1,065,641
 1,040,815
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY$2,433,436
 $2,391,419
$3,057,570
 $2,844,582
The abbreviation VIEs above means Variable Interest Entities.


See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements



MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)


Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income$77,976
 $60,717
$46,742
 $76,076
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation10,192
 10,177
11,371
 10,192
Amortization of debt issuance costs2,726
 2,559
Provision for loan losses26,821
 19,591
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs7,563
 2,726
Vacation ownership notes receivable reserve23,970
 27,051
Share-based compensation8,451
 6,856
9,718
 8,451
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment, net225
 (10,675)
Deferred income taxes11,778
 15,792
12,199
 12,810
Net change in assets and liabilities:      
Accounts and contracts receivable30,079
 (11,084)
Notes receivable originations(227,643) (124,318)
Notes receivable collections136,731
 120,548
Accounts receivable24,499
 23,970
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(233,061) (228,048)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections155,257
 136,731
Inventory16,007
 (13,924)36,840
 15,006
Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory(33,594) 

 (33,594)
Other assets4,406
 26,111
11,523
 4,475
Accounts payable, advance deposits and accrued liabilities(70,470) (86,355)(59,365) (68,228)
Deferred revenue19,654
 22,627
29,493
 25,163
Payroll and benefit liabilities(8,698) (27,313)(26,699) (8,698)
Deferred compensation liability7,053
 6,536
7,773
 7,053
Other liabilities(585) 1,081
(134) (292)
Other, net3,021
 2,152
764
 3,286
Net cash provided by operating activities14,130
 21,078
58,453
 14,130
INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Capital expenditures for property and equipment (excluding inventory)(11,344) (15,142)(7,490) (11,344)
Purchase of company owned life insurance(10,092) 
(11,562) (10,092)
Dispositions, net11
 69,738
120
 11
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(21,425) 54,596
Net cash used in investing activities(18,932) (21,425)


Continued

See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)


Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Borrowings from securitization transactions50,260
 91,281
423,000
 50,260
Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions(117,400) (84,040)(154,271) (117,400)
Borrowings from Revolving Corporate Credit Facility60,000
 85,000

 60,000
Repayment of Revolving Corporate Credit Facility(12,500) (40,000)
 (12,500)
Repayment of non-interest bearing note payable(32,680) 
Debt issuance costs(1,219) (231)(6,578) (1,219)
Repurchase of common stock(3,868) (163,359)(1,882) (3,868)
Accelerated stock repurchase forward contract
 (14,470)
Payment of dividends(28,552) (26,067)(31,927) (28,552)
Payment of withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock units(9,962) (3,876)(8,312) (9,962)
Other, net(624) 572
13
 (624)
Net cash used in financing activities(63,865) (155,190)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities187,363
 (63,865)
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash1,962
 (3,238)707
 1,962
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(69,198) (82,754)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash227,591
 (69,198)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period213,102
 248,512
490,612
 213,102
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$143,904
 $165,758
$718,203
 $143,904
      
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Property acquired via capital lease$
 $7,221
Non-cash issuance of treasury stock for employee stock purchase plan622
 307
Disposition accruals not yet paid
 4,636
Non-cash transfer from Inventory to Property and equipment
 9,741
Non-cash issuance of debt in connection with acquisition of vacation ownership units63,558
 
$
 $63,558

See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements


MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our Business
Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (“we,” “us,” “Marriott Vacations Worldwide” or the “Company,” which includes our consolidated subsidiaries except where the context of the reference is to a single corporate entity) is the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club and Grand Residences by Marriott brands. In 2016, we introducedbrands, as well as under Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension toof the Marriott Vacation Club brand. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand, and we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C., a subsidiary of Marriott International, provides on-site management for Ritz-Carlton branded properties.
Our business is grouped into three reportable segments: North America, Asia Pacific and Europe. As of June 30, 2017,2018, our portfolio consisted of over 65 properties in the United States and eightnine other countries and territories. We generate most of our revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing our resorts; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The interim consolidated financial statements presented herein and discussed below include 100 percent of the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of Marriott Vacations Worldwide, all entities in which Marriott Vacations Worldwide has a controlling voting interest (“subsidiaries”), and those variable interest entities for which Marriott Vacations Worldwide is the primary beneficiary in accordance with consolidation accounting guidance. Intercompany accounts and transactions between consolidated companies have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim consolidated financial statements reflect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows as prepared in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”).
In order to make this report easier to read, we refer throughout to (i) our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Interim Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Statements of Income,“Income Statements,” (iii) our Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets,”Sheets” and (iv) our Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as our “Cash Flows.” In addition, references throughout to numbered “Footnotes” refer to the numbered Notes in these Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements, unless otherwise noted. We use certain other terms that are defined within these Financial Statements.
BeginningWe adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with our 2017 fiscal year, we changed our financial reporting cycle to a calendar year-end and end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle. Accordingly, our 2017 fiscal year began on December 31, 2016 (the day after the end of the 2016 fiscal year) and will end on December 31, 2017, and our 2017 quarters include the three month periods ended March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31, except that the period ended March 31, 2017 also includes December 31, 2016. Our future fiscal years will beginCustomers (Topic 606),” as amended (“ASU 2014-09”), on January 1, and end on December 31. Historically,2018, the first day of our 2018 fiscal year, was a 52 or 53 week fiscal year that ended on the Friday nearest to December 31, and our quarterly reporting cycle included twelve week periods for the first, second, and third quarters and a sixteen week period (or in some cases a seventeen week period) for the fourth quarter. We have not restated, and do not plan to restate, historical results.
The table below shows the reporting periods as we refer to them in this report, their date ranges,it as the new “Revenue Standard” throughout these Financial Statements. We restated our previously reported historical results to conform with the adoption of the new Revenue Standard. See “New Accounting Standards” below for additional information on ASU 2014-09 and Footnote 15 “Adoption Impact of New Revenue Standard” for further discussion of the adoption and the number of days in each:
Reporting PeriodDate RangeNumber of Days
2017 second quarterApril 1, 2017 — June 30, 201791
2016 second quarterMarch 26, 2016 — June 17, 201684
2017 first halfDecember 31, 2016 — June 30, 2017182
2016 first halfJanuary 2, 2016 — June 17, 2016168
2017 fiscal yearDecember 31, 2016 — December 31, 2017366
2016 fiscal yearJanuary 2, 2016 — December 30, 2016364

As a result of the change inimpact on our financial reporting cycle, our 2017 second quarter had seven more days of activity than our 2016 second quarter, and our 2017 first half had 14 more days of activity than our 2016 first half. While our 2017 full fiscal year will have only two additional days of activity as compared to our 2016 full fiscal year, our 2017 third quarter will have eight additional days of activity, and our 2017 fourth quarter will have 20 fewer days of activity than the corresponding periods in our 2016 fiscal year.

previously reported historical results.
In our opinion, our Financial Statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our financial position and the results of our operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Interim results may not be indicative of fiscal year performance because of, among other reasons, seasonal and short-term variations.
These Financial Statements have not been audited. Amounts as of December 30, 2016 included in these Financial Statements have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. We have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP. Although we believe our footnote disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, youthe Financial Statements in this report should be read these Financial Statements in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to those consolidated financial statementsthereto recast for the adoption of ASU 2014-09 included in our AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K for8-K, filed with the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016.U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 5, 2018.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, cost of vacation ownership products, inventory valuation, property and equipment valuation, loanvacation ownership notes receivable reserves, income taxes and loss reserves, loss contingencies and income taxes.contingencies. Accordingly, actual amounts may differ from these estimated amounts.
We have reclassified certain prior year amounts to conform to our current periodquarter presentation. Our Financial Statements include adjustments for the 2016 second quarter and 2016 first half to correct immaterial presentation errors, consistent with those reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016, within the following line items on our Statements of Income: Resort management and other services revenues, Resort management and other services expenses and General and administrative expenses. Correction of these immaterial errors had no impact on our consolidated Net income.
The impact of these adjustments on the Financial Statements is as follows:
  Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
  June 17, 2016 June 17, 2016
  (84 days) (168 days)
($ in thousands) As Revised Previous Filing As Revised Previous Filing
Resort management and other services $74,156
 $80,930
 $137,864
 $150,559
TOTAL REVENUES $423,171
 $429,945
 $842,293
 $854,988
Resort management and other services $44,007
 $49,311
 $83,870
 $95,108
General and administrative $25,361
 $24,588
 $50,720
 $49,885
TOTAL EXPENSES $368,674
 $375,448
 $743,114
 $755,809

Deferred Compensation Plan
Beginning in our 2017 fiscal year, participants in the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”) may select a rate of return based on various market-based investment alternatives for a portion of their contributions, as well as any future Company contributions, to the Deferred Compensation Plan, and may also select such a rate for a portion of their existing account balances. To support our ability to meet a portion of our obligations under the Deferred Compensation Plan, we acquired company owned insurance policies (the “COLI policies”) on the lives of certain participants in the Deferred Compensation Plan, the proceeds of which are intended to be aligned with the investment alternatives elected by plan participants and are payable to a rabbi trust with the Company as grantor. A portion of a participant’s contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan must be subject to a fixed rate of return, which for our 2017 fiscal year was reduced to 3.5 percent.
We consolidate the liabilities of the Deferred Compensation Plan and the related assets, which consist of the COLI policies held in the rabbi trust. The rabbi trust is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”). We are considered the primary beneficiary of the rabbi trust because we direct the activities of the trust and are the beneficiary of the trust. At June 30, 2017, the value of the assets held in the rabbi trust was $10.6 million, which is included in the Other line within assets on our Balance Sheets.

New Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-092018-05 – “Compensation - Stock CompensationIncome Taxes (Topic 718)740): Scope of ModificationAmendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“(“ASU 2017-09”2018-05”)
In May 2017,March 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-05, which updates the income tax accounting in GAAP to reflect the interpretive guidance in Staff Accounting Standards UpdateBulletin (“ASU”SAB”) 2017-09, which clarifies when changes118 (“SAB 118”), that was issued by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission in December 2017 in order to address the application of GAAP in situations where a registrant does not have all the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the “Tax Act”). SAB 118 provides for a provisional one year measurement period for registrants to finalize their accounting for certain income tax effects related to the terms or conditionsTax Act. ASU 2018-05 was effective upon issuance. We expect to finalize our provisional amounts related to the Tax Act by the fourth quarter of a share-based payment award must be accounted2018. See Footnote 3 “Income Taxes” for as modifications for the purpose of applying the modification guidance in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718. This update is effective for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. Our early adoption of ASU 2017-09 in the 2017 second quarter did not have an impact on our financial statements or disclosures.additional information.
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-182016-01 – “Restricted CashFinancial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10) (“(“ASU 2016-18”2016-01”)
In NovemberJanuary 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18,2016-01, which requiresupdates certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. For public business entities, to show the changesamendments in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, weASU 2016-01 will no longer present changes in restricted cash as a component of investing activities. This update isbe effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adoptedThe adoption of ASU 2016-18 on a retrospective basis commencing2016-01 in the 2017 first quarter.quarter of 2018 did not have a material impact on our financial statements or disclosures.
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09 – “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2016-09”)
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, which changes how entities account for certain aspects of share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new guidance requires all income tax effects of awards, including excess tax benefits, to be recorded as income tax expense (or benefit) in the income statement, which resulted in benefits to our provision for income taxes of $2.8 million in the 2017 second quarter and $5.2 million in the 2017 first half. The new guidance requires excess tax benefits to be presented as an operating inflow rather than as a financing inflow in the statement of cash flows. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits were recorded in additional paid-in-capital on the balance sheet. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. We adopted ASU 2016-09 in the 2017 first quarter. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 decreased our provision for income taxes, the amount of which depends on the vesting activity of our share-based compensation awards in any given period, and eliminated the presentation of excess tax benefits as a financing inflow on our statement of cash flows. Further, we made an accounting policy election to recognize forfeitures of share-based compensation awards as they occur, the cumulative effect of which resulted in an adjustment of $0.4 million to opening retained earnings. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have any other material impacts on our financial statements and disclosures.
Future Adoption of Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16 – “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” (“ASU 2016-16”)
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, which changes the timing of when certain intercompany transactions are recognized within the provision for income taxes. This update is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 in the first quarter of 2018 did not have a material impact on our financial statements or disclosures.
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 – “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), as Amended
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which, as amended, creates ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), and supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition,” including most industry-specific guidance, and significantly enhances comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities and industries by providing a principle-based, comprehensive framework for addressing revenue recognition issues. In order for a provider of promised goods or services to recognize as revenue the consideration that it expects to receive in exchange for the promised goods or services, the provider should apply the following five steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASU 2014-09, as amended, is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard may be applied retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect recognized on the date of adoption. We adopted ASU 2014-09, as amended, effective January 1, 2018, on a retrospective basis and restated our previously reported historical results. See Footnote 15 “Adoption Impact of New Revenue Standard” for further discussion of adoption and the impact on our previously reported historical results. See Footnote 2 “Revenue” for additional information on how we recognize revenue.
Future Adoption of Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Update 2017-12 – “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” (“ASU 2017-12”)
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, which amends and simplifies existing guidance in order to allow companies to better portray the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements and enhance the transparency and understandability of the results of hedging activities. ASU 2017-12 eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The guidance also eases certain documentation and assessment requirements. This update is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We expect to adopt ASU 2017-12 commencing in fiscal year 2019 and are evaluatingcontinuing to evaluate the impact that ASU 2016-16, including the timingadoption of implementation,this update will have on our financial statements and disclosures.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 – “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”)
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses. The update is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We expect to adopt ASU 2016-13 commencing in fiscal year 2019 and are evaluatingcontinuing to evaluate the impact that ASU 2016-13, including the timingadoption of implementation,this update will have on our financial statements and disclosures.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 – “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”)
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 to increase transparency and comparability of information regarding an entity’s leasing activities by providing additional information to users of financial statements. ASU 2016-02 amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. This updateASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Although weOriginally, entities were required to adopt ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application. However, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which now allows entities the option of recognizing the cumulative effect of applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the year of adoption while continuing to present all prior periods under previous lease accounting guidance. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases,” which clarifies how to apply certain aspects of ASU 2016-02. We expect to adopt ASU 2016-02, ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-11 commencing in fiscal year 2019 and have commencedare continuing our implementation efforts, weefforts. We continue to evaluate the impact that adoption of this accounting standards update will have on our financial statements and disclosures.
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01 – “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10)(“ASU 2016-01”)
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, whichthese updates certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2016-01 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-01 to have a material impact on our financial statements.
Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 – “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), as Amended
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which, as amended, supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, as well as most industry-specific guidance, and significantly enhances comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities and industries by providing a principle-based, comprehensive framework for addressing revenue recognition issues. In order for a provider of promised goods or services to recognize as revenue the consideration that it expects to receive in exchange for the promised goods or services, the provider should apply the following five steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASU 2014-09, as amended, will be effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard may be applied retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect recognized on the date of adoption. We will adopt ASU 2014-09, as amended, commencing in fiscal year 2018, on a retrospective basis. While we continue to evaluate the impact that adoption of this accounting standards update will have on our financial statements and disclosures, including for example, any potential changes to and investments in policies, processes, systems and internal controls over financial reporting that may be required to comply with the new guidance related to identifying and measuring right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. We expect that these updates will have a material effect on our balance sheets.

2. REVENUE
We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which we adopted on January 1, 2018, using the retrospective method. See Footnote 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information and Footnote 15 “Adoption of New Revenue Standard” for further discussion of the adoption and the impact on our previously reported historical results.
We generate most of our revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing our resorts; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory. The following series of tables present our revenue disaggregated by several categories.
Sources of Revenue by Segment
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Sale of vacation ownership products$188,624
 $11,654
 $4,890
 $205,168
        
Ancillary revenues29,716
 96
 5,600
 35,412
Management fee revenues22,760
 742
 1,814
 25,316
Other services revenues15,953
 499
 462
 16,914
Resort management and other services68,429
 1,337
 7,876
 77,642
        
Rental67,083
 2,059
 5,419
 74,561
        
Cost reimbursements186,734
 1,931
 12,805
 201,470
Revenue from contracts with customers$510,870
 $16,981
 $30,990
 $558,841
        
Financing33,912
 1,238
 701
 35,851
Total Revenues$544,782
 $18,219
 $31,691
 $594,692
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Sale of vacation ownership products$184,880
 $10,282
 $6,694
 $201,856
        
Ancillary revenues27,910
 
 5,130
 33,040
Management fee revenues19,711
 694
 1,623
 22,028
Other services revenues16,295
 287
 290
 16,872
Resort management and other services63,916
 981
 7,043
 71,940
        
Rental62,021
 2,046
 5,223
 69,290
        
Cost reimbursements176,236
 1,607
 8,977
 186,820
Revenue from contracts with customers$487,053
 $14,916
 $27,937
 $529,906
        
Financing30,719
 1,105
 706
 32,530
Total Revenues$517,772
 $16,021
 $28,643
 $562,436

 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Sale of vacation ownership products$349,320
 $22,900
 $7,737
 $379,957
        
Ancillary revenues55,113
 141
 8,657
 63,911
Management fee revenues44,323
 1,514
 3,653
 49,490
Other services revenues32,524
 995
 902
 34,421
Resort management and other services131,960
 2,650
 13,212
 147,822
        
Rental135,158
 5,384
 8,229
 148,771
        
Cost reimbursements389,360
 3,697
 24,601
 417,658
Revenue from contracts with customers$1,005,798
 $34,631
 $53,779
 $1,094,208
        
Financing67,441
 2,452
 1,440
 71,333
Total Revenues$1,073,239
 $37,083
 $55,219
 $1,165,541
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Sale of vacation ownership products$336,589
 $19,437
 $9,707
 $365,733
        
Ancillary revenues52,598
 
 7,711
 60,309
Management fee revenues39,627
 1,386
 3,130
 44,143
Other services revenues33,764
 537
 606
 34,907
Resort management and other services125,989
 1,923
 11,447
 139,359
        
Rental124,506
 4,950
 7,513
 136,969
        
Cost reimbursements357,802
 2,717
 23,515
 384,034
Revenue from contracts with customers$944,886
 $29,027
 $52,182
 $1,026,095
        
Financing60,958
 2,228
 1,455
 64,641
Total Revenues$1,005,844
 $31,255
 $53,637
 $1,090,736
Timing of Revenue from Contracts with Customers by Segment
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Services transferred over time$289,368
 $5,015
 $20,420
 $314,803
Goods or services transferred at a point in time221,502
 11,966
 10,570
 244,038
Revenue from contracts with customers$510,870
 $16,981
 $30,990
 $558,841
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Services transferred over time$269,806
 $4,410
 $16,080
 $290,296
Goods or services transferred at a point in time217,247
 10,506
 11,857
 239,610
Revenue from contracts with customers$487,053
 $14,916
 $27,937
 $529,906

 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Services transferred over time$594,157
 $11,139
 $37,214
 $642,510
Goods or services transferred at a point in time411,641
 23,492
 16,565
 451,698
Revenue from contracts with customers$1,005,798
 $34,631
 $53,779
 $1,094,208
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
($ in thousands)North America Asia Pacific Europe Total
Services transferred over time$545,371
 $9,164
 $34,640
 $589,175
Goods or services transferred at a point in time399,515
 19,863
 17,542
 436,920
Revenue from contracts with customers$944,886
 $29,027
 $52,182
 $1,026,095

Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
We market and sell vacation ownership products in our three reportable segments. Vacation ownership products include deeded vacation ownership products, deeded beneficial interests, rights to use real estate, and other interests in trusts that solely hold real estate and deeded whole ownership units in residential buildings (collectively “vacation ownership products”). Vacation ownership products may be sold for cash or we may provide financing.
In connection with the sale of vacation ownership products, we provide sales incentives to certain purchasers. Non-cash incentives typically include Marriott Rewards points or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” Plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in an exclusive selection of travel packages provided by affiliate tour operators (the “Explorer Collection”), generally up to two years from the date of issuance. Typically, sales incentives are only awarded if the sale is closed.
Upon execution of a legal sales agreement, we typically receive an upfront deposit from our customer with the remainder of the purchase price for the vacation ownership product to either be collected at closing (“cash contract”) or financed by the customer through our financing programs (“financed contract”). Refer to “Financing Revenues” below for further information regarding financing terms. Customer deposits received for contracts are recorded as Advance deposits on our Balance Sheets until the point in time at which control of the vacation ownership product has transferred to the customer.
Our assessment of collectibility of the transaction price for sales of vacation ownership products is aligned with our credit granting policies for financed contracts. We compared the lending terms against the terms of similar notes in the market and concluded that certain contracts within our Asia Pacific and Europe segments contain below market interest rates and as such have adjusted the transaction price for these contracts to reflect a market rate of interest. The lending terms of financed contracts within our North America segment reflect market terms.
In determining the consideration to which we expect the amount and timing of revenue recognition related to our accountingbe entitled for management fee revenues, ancillary revenues and rental revenues will remain materially consistent with our current accounting. We expect adoption of ASU 2014-09 will resultfinanced contracts, we include estimated variable consideration in the following with respecttransaction price to the recognitionextent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenuescumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analysis, which relies on historical payment data by customer class. Variable consideration which has not been included within the transaction price is presented as a reserve on vacation ownership notes receivable. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products withinimpact the reserve on vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. Revenues were reduced during the second quarter and first half of 2018 by $3.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, due to changes in our North America segment:
alignmentestimate of our assessment of collectibilityvariable consideration for performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods. In addition, we account for cash incentives provided to customers as a reduction of the transaction price. Refer to “Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations” below for a description of our methods of allocating transaction price with our credit granting policies;to each performance obligation.
deferralWe recognize revenue on the sale of revenue recognition deemed collectible from expiration of the statutory rescission period tovacation ownership products at closing, when control is transferred to the customer. We evaluated our business practices, and the underlying risks and rewards associated with vacation ownership products, and the respective timing that such risk and rewards are transferred to the customer in determining the point in time at which control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer;customer.
no impact
Revenue for non-cash incentives, such as plus points, is recorded as Deferred revenue on our Balance Sheets at closing and is recognized as rental revenue upon transfer of control to sales reserve accounting; and
net presentationthe customer, which typically occurs upon delivery of certain salesthe incentive, or at the point in time when the incentive is redeemed. For non-cash incentives (e.g.,provided by third parties (i.e. Marriott Rewards Points).points or third-party Explorer Collection offerings), we evaluated whether we control the underlying good or service prior to delivery to the customer. We concluded that we are an agent for those non-cash incentives which we do not control prior to delivery and as such record the related revenue net of the related cost upon recognition.
Resort Management and Other Services Revenues and Cost Reimbursements Revenues
Ancillary Revenues
Ancillary revenues consist of goods and services that are sold or provided by us at food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our resorts. Payments for such goods and services are generally received at the point of sale in the form of cash or credit card charges. For goods and services sold, we evaluated whether we control the underlying goods or services prior to delivery to the customer. For transactions where we do not control the goods or services prior to delivery, the related revenue is recorded net of the related cost upon recognition. We recognize ancillary revenue at the point in time when goods have been provided and/or services have been rendered.
Management Fee Revenues and Cost Reimbursements Revenues
We provide day-to-day-management services, including housekeeping services, operation of reservation systems, maintenance and certain accounting and administrative services for property owners’ associations. We generate revenue from fees we earn for managing each of our resorts. These fees are earned regardless of usage or occupancy and are typically based on either a percentage of the budgeted costs to operate the resorts or a fixed fee arrangement (“Management fee revenues”) and reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of the property owners’ associations (“Cost reimbursements revenues”). Cost reimbursements revenues exclude amounts that we have paid to the property owners’ associations related to maintenance fees for unsold vacation ownership products, as we have concluded that such payments are consideration payable to a customer. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.
Management fees are typically collected over time or upfront depending upon the specific management contract. Cost reimbursements are received over time and considered variable consideration. We have determined that a significant financing component does not exist as a substantial amount of the consideration promised by the customer is variable.
We evaluated the nature of the services provided to property owners’ associations and concluded that the management services constitute a series of distinct services to be accounted for as a single performance obligation transferred over time. We use an input method, the number of days that management services are provided, to recognize management fee revenues, which is consistent with the pattern of transfer to the property owners’ associations who receive and consume the benefits as services are provided each day. Any consideration we receive in advance of services being rendered is recorded as Deferred revenue on our Balance Sheets and is recognized ratably across the service period to which it relates. We recognize variable consideration for Cost reimbursements revenues when the reimbursable costs are incurred.
Other Services Revenues
Other services revenues include additional fees for services we provide to owners and property owners’ associations. We receive club dues for exchange services as well as certain transaction-based fees from owners and other third parties, including external exchange service providers with which we are associated. Club dues are received in advance of providing access to the exchange services, are recorded as Deferred revenue on our Balance Sheets and are earned regardless of whether exchange services are provided. Transaction-based fees from owners are typically received at the time of the transaction and transaction-based fees from other third parties are typically received at a point in time.
We have determined that exchange services constitute a stand-ready obligation for us to provide unlimited access to exchange services over a defined period of time, when and if a customer (or customer of a customer) requests. We have determined that customers benefit from the stand-ready obligation evenly throughout the period in which the customer has access to exchange services and as such, recognize club dues on a straight-line basis over the related period of time.
Transaction-based fees are recognized as revenue at the point in time at which the relevant goods or services are transferred to the customer. For transaction-based fees, we evaluated whether we control the underlying goods or services prior to delivery to the customer. For transactions where we do not control the goods or services prior to delivery, the related revenue is recorded net of the related cost upon recognition.

Financing Revenues
We offer consumer financing as an option to qualifying customers purchasing vacation ownership products, which is collateralized by the underlying vacation ownership products. We recognize interest income on an accrual basis. The contractual terms of the financing agreements require that the contractual level of annual principal payments be sufficient to amortize the loan over a customary period for the vacation ownership product being financed, which is generally ten years. Generally, payments commence under the financing contracts 30 to 60 days after closing. We record the difference between the vacation ownership note receivable and the variable consideration included in the transaction price for the sale of the related vacation ownership product as a reserve on our vacation ownership notes receivable. We earn interest income from the financing arrangements on the principal balance outstanding over the life of the arrangement and record that interest income in Financing revenues on our Income Statements.
Financing revenues include transaction-based fees we charge to owners and other third parties for services. We recognize fee revenues when services have been rendered.
Rental Revenues
We generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs or inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs. We receive payments for rentals primarily through credit card charges. We recognize rental revenues when occupancy has occurred, which is consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from such service. We recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points issued in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products as described in “Sale of Vacation Ownership Products” above.
We also generate revenues from vacation packages sold to our customers. The packages have an expiration period of six to twenty-four months, and payments for such packages are non-refundable and generally paid by the customer in advance. Payments received in advance are recorded as Advance deposits on our Balance Sheets, until the revenue is recognized, when occupancy has occurred. For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the proceeds are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with ASC Topic 978, “Real Estate Time-Sharing Activities.”
Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. In addition,cases where the standalone selling price is not readily available, we generally determine the standalone selling prices utilizing the adjusted market approach, using prices from similar contracts, our historical pricing on similar contracts, our internal marketing and selling data and other internal and external inputs we deem to be appropriate. Significant judgment is required in determining the standalone selling price under the adjusted market approach.
Receivables, Contract Assets & Contract Liabilities
As discussed above, the payment terms and conditions in our customer contracts vary. In some cases, customers prepay for their goods and services; in other cases, after appropriate credit evaluations, payment is due in arrears. When the timing of our delivery of goods and services is different from the timing of the payments made by customers, we recognize either a contract asset (performance precedes contractual due date) or a contract liability (customer payment precedes performance or when we have a right to consideration that is unconditional before the transfer of goods or services to a customer). Receivables are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract.

The following table shows the composition of our receivables and contract liabilities. We had no contract assets at either June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
($ in thousands)At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
Receivables   
Accounts receivable$42,369
 $72,905
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net1,167,779
 1,114,552
 $1,210,148
 $1,187,457
    
Contract Liabilities   
Advance deposits$95,816
 $84,087
Deferred revenue98,500
 69,058
 $194,316
 $153,145

Revenue recognized in the second quarter and first half of 2018 that was included in our contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2017 was $47.3 million and $94.4 million, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Our remaining performance obligations represent the expected transaction price allocated to our contracts that we expect to electrecognize as revenue in future periods when we perform under the practical expedient available in ASU 2014-09 to expense all marketing and sales costs as they are incurred. We anticipate disclosing additional detail on the impact of adoptioncontracts. At June 30, 2018, over 90 percent of this accounting standards update later in 2017.amount is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next two years.
2.3. INCOME TAXES
We file income tax returns with U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. jurisdictions and are subject to audits in these jurisdictions. Although we do not anticipate that a significant impact to our unrecognized tax benefit balance will occur during the next fiscal year, the amount of our liability for unrecognized tax benefits could change as a result of audits in these jurisdictions. Our total unrecognized tax benefit balance that, if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate, was $1.5$2.2 million and $2.1 million at bothJune 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Our interim effective tax rate was 27.05 percent and 33.83 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively, and our annual effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 25.69 percent for fiscal year 2018. During December 2017, the Tax Act was signed into law, effective January 1, 2018, resulting in a significant change in the framework for U.S. corporate taxes, including but not limited to, the reduction of the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent.
In accordance with SAB 118, we remeasured our deferred tax assets and liabilities using the new corporate tax rate of 21 percent, rather than the previous corporate tax rate of 35 percent, resulting in a $65.2 million decrease in our income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 and a corresponding $65.2 million decrease in our net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2017. As of June 30, 2016.2018, these amounts remain provisional and additional work is necessary to perform a more detailed analysis.

The one-time transition tax on certain un-repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries is based on total post-1986 earnings and profits that we previously deferred from U.S. income taxes. We performed a preliminary analysis of the transition tax and determined that, due to deficits in foreign earnings and profits, we did not have a one-time transition tax liability to record in 2017. As of June 30, 2018, we have not finalized our calculations of our transition tax liability, if any. As the one-time transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets, we may determine that we have a one-time transition tax liability when we finalize the calculation of post-1986 foreign earnings and profits previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalize the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the transition tax, or any additional outside basis difference inherent in these entities, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.
3.The re-measurement of our deferred tax balances, any transition tax and interpretation of the new law are provisional subject to clarifications of the new legislation and final calculations. Any future changes to the provisional estimates, related to the Tax Act, will be reflected as a change in estimate in the period in which the change in estimate is made in accordance with SAB 118.

4. VACATION OWNERSHIP NOTES RECEIVABLE
The following table shows the composition of our vacation ownership notes receivable balances, net of reserves:
($ in thousands)At June 30, 2017 At December 30, 2016At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
Vacation ownership notes receivable — securitized$655,180
 $717,543
$964,510
 $814,011
Vacation ownership notes receivable — non-securitized      
Eligible for securitization(1)
224,560
 98,508
Eligible for securitization(1) (2)
37,073
 141,324
Not eligible for securitization(1)
156,709
 156,260
166,196
 159,217
Subtotal381,269
 254,768
203,269
 300,541
Total vacation ownership notes receivable$1,036,449
 $972,311
$1,167,779
 $1,114,552
_________________________
(1) 
Refer to Footnote No. 4,5 “Financial Instruments,”Instruments” for a discussion of eligibility of our vacation ownership notes receivable for securitization.
(2)
We expect that these vacation ownership notes receivable will be purchased by the MVW Owner Trust 2018-1 (the “2018-1 Trust”) in accordance with the terms of the securitization transaction completed in the second quarter of 2018. Refer to Footnote 10 “Debt” for a discussion of the terms of this securitization transaction and the purchase of additional vacation ownership notes receivable by the 2018-1 Trust.
The following tables showtable shows future principal payments, net of reserves, as well as interest rates for our non-securitized and securitized vacation ownership notes receivable at June 30, 2017:2018:
($ in thousands)
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
2017, remaining$29,584
 $45,052
 $74,636
201845,320
 84,684
 130,004
2018, remaining$23,628
 $48,321
 $71,949
201937,375
 79,633
 117,008
34,696
 98,564
 133,260
202033,947
 79,289
 113,236
26,458
 102,267
 128,725
202131,669
 78,257
 109,926
20,280
 105,452
 125,732
202216,586
 106,653
 123,239
Thereafter203,374
 288,265
 491,639
81,621
 503,253
 584,874
Balance at June 30, 2017$381,269
 $655,180
 $1,036,449
Weighted average stated interest rate at June 30, 201711.6% 12.7% 12.3%
Range of stated interest rates at June 30, 20170.0% to 18.0% 4.9% to 19.5% 0.0% to 19.5%
Balance at June 30, 2018$203,269
 $964,510
 $1,167,779
Weighted average stated interest rate at June 30, 201811.2% 12.5% 12.2%
Range of stated interest rates at June 30, 20180.0% to 18.0% 4.9% to 18.0% 0.0% to 18.0%

We reflect interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable in our Income Statements of Income in the Financing revenues caption. The following table summarizes interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable:
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable — securitized$22,948
 $21,201
 $46,294
 $42,392
$27,209
 $22,948
 $52,580
 $46,294
Interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable — non-securitized7,855
 6,052
 14,865
 12,635
6,920
 7,855
 15,247
 14,865
Total interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable$30,803
 $27,253
 $61,159
 $55,027
$34,129
 $30,803
 $67,827
 $61,159

We record an estimate of expected uncollectibility on all notes receivable fromthe difference between the vacation ownership purchasers as a reduction of revenues fromnote receivable and the variable consideration included in the transaction price for the sale of vacation ownership products at the time we recognize profit on arelated vacation ownership product sale. We fully reserve for all defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable in addition to recordingas a reserve on the estimated uncollectible portion of the remainingour vacation ownership notes receivable. For those vacation ownership notes receivable that are not in default, we assess collectibility based on pools of vacation ownership notes receivable because we hold large numbers of homogeneous vacation ownership notes receivable. We use the same criteria to estimate uncollectibilitySee Footnote 2 “Revenue” for non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable and securitized vacation ownership notes receivable because they perform similarly. We estimate uncollectibility for each pool based on historical activity for similar vacation ownership notes receivable.further information.

The following table summarizes the activity related to our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve for the 2017 first half:reserve:
($ in thousands)
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
Balance at December 30, 2016$56,628
 $53,735
 $110,363
Provision for loan losses22,426
 4,558
 26,984
Securitizations(4,011) 4,011
 
Write-offs(26,854) 
 (26,854)
Defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable repurchase activity(1)
14,318
 (14,318) 
Balance at June 30, 2017$62,507
 $47,986
 $110,493
($ in thousands)
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
Balance at December 31, 2017$58,292
 $60,828
 $119,120
Increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve19,440
 4,471
 23,911
Securitizations(22,367) 22,367
 
Clean-up call(1)
1,368
 (1,368) 
Write-offs(21,064) 
 (21,064)
Defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable repurchase activity(2)
15,137
 (15,137) 
Balance at June 30, 2018$50,806
 $71,161
 $121,967
_________________________
(1)
Refers to our voluntary repurchase of previously securitized non-defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable to retire outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations.
(2) 
Decrease in securitized vacation ownership notes receivable reserve and increase in non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable reserve was attributable to the transfer of the reserve when we voluntarily repurchased defaulted securitized vacation ownership notes receivable.
Although we consider loans to owners to be past due if we do not receive payment within 30 days of the due date, we suspend accrual of interest only on those loans that are over 90 days past due. We consider loans over 150 days past due to be in default.default and fully reserve such amounts. We apply payments we receive for vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status first to interest, then to principal and any remainder to fees. We resume accruing interest when vacation ownership notes receivable are less than 90 days past due. We do not accept payments for vacation ownership notes receivable during the foreclosure process unless the amount is sufficient to pay all past due principal, interest, fees and penalties owed and fully reinstate the note. We write off uncollectible vacation ownership notes receivable against the reserve once we receive title to the vacation ownership products through the foreclosure or deed-in-lieu process or, in Asia Pacific or Europe, when revocation is complete. For both non-securitized and securitized vacation ownership notes receivable, we estimated average remaining default rates of 7.147.05 percent and 7.097.16 percent as of June 30, 20172018 and December 30, 2016,31, 2017, respectively. A 0.5 percentage point increase in the estimated default rate would have resulted in an increase in our allowance for loan lossesvacation ownership notes receivable reserve of $5.4$6.2 million and $5.0$6.0 million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 30, 2016,31, 2017, respectively.
The following table shows our recorded investment in non-accrual vacation ownership notes receivable, which are vacation ownership notes receivable that are 90 days or more past due:
($ in thousands)
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at June 30, 2017$38,478
 $6,990
 $45,468
Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at December 30, 2016$43,792
 $6,687
 $50,479
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the 2017 second quarter$38,179
 $7,484
 $45,663
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the 2016 second quarter$47,471
 $10,407
 $57,878
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the 2017 first half$41,135
 $6,839
 $47,974
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the 2016 first half$47,136
 $9,699
 $56,835
($ in thousands)
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at June 30, 2018$39,526
 $6,611
 $46,137
Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at December 31, 2017$38,786
 $7,428
 $46,214
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the second quarter of 2018$39,090
 $7,642
 $46,732
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the second quarter of 2017$38,179
 $7,484
 $45,663
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the first half of 2018$39,156
 $7,020
 $46,176
Average investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status during the first half of 2017$41,135
 $6,839
 $47,974


The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in principal, before reserves, in vacation ownership notes receivable as of June 30, 2017:2018:
($ in thousands)
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
31 – 90 days past due$7,338
 $12,714
 $20,052
$7,350
 $15,199
 $22,549
91 – 150 days past due4,047
 6,990
 11,037
5,015
 6,611
 11,626
Greater than 150 days past due34,431
 
 34,431
34,511
 
 34,511
Total past due45,816
 19,704
 65,520
46,876
 21,810
 68,686
Current397,960
 683,462
 1,081,422
207,199
 1,013,861
 1,221,060
Total vacation ownership notes receivable$443,776
 $703,166
 $1,146,942
$254,075
 $1,035,671
 $1,289,746
The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in principal, before reserves, in vacation ownership notes receivable as of December 30, 2016:31, 2017:
($ in thousands)
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
Non-Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 
Securitized
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
 Total
31 – 90 days past due$7,780
 $16,468
 $24,248
$7,109
 $18,553
 $25,662
91 – 150 days past due3,981
 6,687
 10,668
4,341
 7,428
 11,769
Greater than 150 days past due39,811
 
 39,811
34,445
 
 34,445
Total past due51,572
 23,155
 74,727
45,895
 25,981
 71,876
Current259,824
 748,123
 1,007,947
312,938
 848,858
 1,161,796
Total vacation ownership notes receivable$311,396
 $771,278
 $1,082,674
$358,833
 $874,839
 $1,233,672

4.5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table shows the carrying values and the estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that qualify as financial instruments, determined in accordance with the authoritative guidance for disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The table excludes Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash, Accounts and contracts receivable, Accounts payable, Advance deposits and Accrued liabilities, all of which had fair values approximating their carrying amounts due to the short maturities and liquidity of these instruments.
At June 30, 2017 At December 30, 2016At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
($ in thousands)
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value(1)
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value(1)
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value(1)
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value(1)
Vacation ownership notes receivable — securitized$655,180
 $764,004
 $717,543
 $834,009
$964,510
 $1,101,984
 $814,011
 $954,743
Vacation ownership notes receivable — non-securitized381,269
 415,074
 254,768
 269,161
203,269
 207,950
 300,541
 320,767
Other assets10,647
 10,647
 
 
25,688
 25,688
 13,708
 13,708
Total financial assets$1,047,096
 $1,189,725
 $972,311
 $1,103,170
$1,193,467
 $1,335,622
 $1,128,260
 $1,289,218
Non-recourse debt associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, net$(614,157) $(614,386) $(729,188) $(725,963)$(1,099,877) $(1,095,811) $(834,889) $(836,028)
Warehouse credit facility, net(48,002) (48,503) 
 
Revolving corporate credit facility, net(45,175) (45,175) 
 
Convertible notes, net(195,805) (232,760) (192,518) (259,884)
Non-interest bearing note payable, net(58,808) (58,808) 
 
(29,373) (29,373) (60,560) (60,560)
Total financial liabilities$(766,142) $(766,872) $(729,188) $(725,963)$(1,325,055) $(1,357,944) $(1,087,967) $(1,156,472)
_________________________
(1) 
Fair value of financial instruments, with the exception of other assets and convertible notes, has been determined using Level 3 inputs. Fair value of other assets and convertible notes that are financial instruments has been determined using Level 2 inputs.

Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable
We estimate the fair value of our securitized vacation ownership notes receivable using a discounted cash flow model. We believe this is comparable to the model that an independent third party would use in the current market. Our model uses default rates, prepayment rates, coupon rates and loan terms for our securitized vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio as key drivers of risk and relative value that, when applied in combination with pricing parameters, determine the fair value of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable.
Due to factors that impact the general marketability of our non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable, as well as current market conditions, we bifurcate our vacation ownership notes receivable at each balance sheet date into those eligible and not eligible for securitization using criteria applicable to current securitization transactions in the asset-backed securities (“ABS”) market. Generally, vacation ownership notes receivable are considered not eligible for securitization if any of the following attributes are present: (1) payments are greater than 30 days past due; (2) the first payment has not been received; or (3) the collateral is located in Asia or Europe. In some cases, eligibility may also be determined based on the credit score of the borrower, the remaining term of the loans and other similar factors that may reflect investor demand in a securitization transaction or the cost to effectively securitize the vacation ownership notes receivable.
The following table shows the bifurcation of our non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable into those eligible and not eligible for securitization based upon the aforementioned eligibility criteria:
At June 30, 2017 At December 30, 2016At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
($ in thousands)
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
Vacation ownership notes receivable              
Eligible for securitization(1)$224,560
 $258,365
 $98,508
 $112,901
$37,073
 $41,754
 $141,324
 $161,550
Not eligible for securitization156,709
 156,709
 156,260
 156,260
166,196
 166,196
 159,217
 159,217
Total non-securitized$381,269
 $415,074
 $254,768
 $269,161
$203,269
 $207,950
 $300,541
 $320,767

_________________________
(1)
We expect that these vacation ownership notes receivable will be purchased by the 2018-1 Trust in accordance with the terms of the securitization transaction completed in the second quarter of 2018. Refer to Footnote 10 “Debt” for discussion of the terms of this securitization transaction and the purchase of additional vacation ownership notes receivable by the 2018-1 Trust.
We estimate the fair value of the portion of our non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable that we believe will ultimately be securitized in the same manner as securitized vacation ownership notes receivable. We value the remaining non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable at their carrying value, rather than using our pricing model. We believe that the carrying value of these particular vacation ownership notes receivable approximates fair value because the stated, or otherwise imputed, interest rates of these loans are consistent with current market rates and the reserve for these vacation ownership notes receivable appropriately accounts for risks in default rates, prepayment rates, discount rates and loan terms.
Other Assets
We estimate the fair value of our other assets that are financial instruments using Level 2 inputs. These assets consist of COLIcompany owned insurance policies (the “COLI policies”), acquired on the lives of certain participants in the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Deferred Compensation Plan, that are held in a rabbi trust. The carrying value of the COLI policies is equal to their cash surrender value.
Non-Recourse Debt Associated with Securitized Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable and Warehouse Credit Facility
We generate cash flow estimates by modeling all bond tranches for our active vacation ownership notes receivable securitization transactions, and our non-recourse warehouse credit facility (the “Warehouse Credit Facility”), with consideration for the collateral specific to each tranche. The key drivers in our analysis include default rates, prepayment rates, bond interest rates and other structural factors, which we use to estimate the projected cash flows. In order to estimate market credit spreads by rating, we obtain indicative credit spreads from investment banks that actively issue and facilitate the market for vacation ownership securities and determine an average credit spread by rating level of the different tranches. We then apply those estimated market spreads to swap rates in order to estimate an underlying discount rate for calculating the fair value of the active bonds payable.
Revolving Corporate Credit Facility
Convertible Notes
We estimate the fair value of our Convertible Notes (as defined in Footnote 10 “Debt”) using quoted market prices as of the last trading day for the quarter; however these notes have only a limited trading history and volume and as such this fair value estimate is not necessarily indicative of the value at which the Convertible Notes could be retired or transferred. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 2. The difference between the carrying value and the fair value is primarily attributed to the underlying conversion feature, and the spread between the conversion price and the market value of the outstanding balance on our $200 million revolving corporate credit facility (the “Revolving Corporate Credit Facility”) approximates fair value, asshares underlying the contractual interest rate for funds currently borrowed floats at an annual borrowing rate as defined in the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which is determined based on certain publicly available rates plus an applicable margin based on our credit rating.

Convertible Notes.
Non-Interest Bearing Note Payable
The carrying value of our non-interest bearing note payable issued in connection with the acquisition of vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii approximates fair value, because the imputed interest rate used to discount this note payable is consistent with current market rates. See Footnote No. 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions,” and Footnote No. 9, “Debt,” for additional information on this transaction.
5.6. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
Planned Acquisition
On April 30, 2018, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) under which we agreed to acquire, in a series of transactions, all of the outstanding shares of ILG, Inc. (“ILG”) in a cash and stock transaction with an implied equity value of approximately $4.7 billion as of that date. Under the Merger Agreement, shareholders of ILG will receive 0.165 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and $14.75 in cash, without interest, for each share of ILG common stock, par value $0.01 per share, that they own immediately before these transactions close. Consummation of these transactions is subject to customary conditions, including approval from shareholders of both MVW and ILG and other customary closing conditions.
We intend to finance the transaction through a combination of cash on hand and debt financing, and concurrently with the signing of the Merger Agreement, entered into a bridge facility commitment letter to provide for such financing. We expect to close the transaction by August 31, 2018.
Acquisitions
Marco Island, Florida
During the 2017first quarter of 2018, we acquired 20 completed vacation ownership units located at our resort in Marco Island, Florida for $23.9 million. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition with all of the purchase price allocated to Inventory. See Footnote 9 “Contingencies and Commitments” for information on our remaining commitment related to this property.
During the second quarter of 2017, we acquired 36 completed vacation ownership units located at our resort in Marco Island, Florida for $33.6 million. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition with all of the purchase price allocated to Property and equipment.equipment as we did not intend to make the vacation ownership units available for sale for more than one year. To ensure consistency with the expected related future cash flow presentation, the cash purchase price was included as an operating activity in the Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory line on our Cash Flows. See Footnote No. 8, “Contingencies and Commitments,” for information on our remaining commitment related to this property.
Big Island of Hawaii
During the 2017 second quarter of 2017, we acquired 112 completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition with all of the purchase price allocated to Inventory. As consideration for the acquisition, we paid $27.3 million in cash, settled a $0.5 million note receivable from the seller on a non-cashnoncash basis, and issued a non-interest bearing note payable for $63.6 million. See Footnote No. 9, “Debt,”10 “Debt” for information on the non-interest bearing note payable.
Miami Beach, Florida
During the 2016 first quarter, we completed the acquisition of an operating property located in the South Beach area of Miami Beach, Florida for $23.5 million. The acquisition was treated as a business combination, accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and included within Operating activities on our Cash Flows. As consideration for the acquisition, we paid $23.5 million in cash; the value of the acquired property was allocated to Inventory. We rebranded this property as Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, South Beach and converted it, in its entirety, into vacation ownership inventory.
Dispositions
San Francisco, California
During the 2016 second quarter, we disposed of 19 residential units located at The Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences, San Francisco (the “RCC San Francisco”) for gross cash proceeds of $19.5 million. We accounted for the sale under the full accrual method in accordance with the authoritative guidance on accounting for sales of real estate and recorded a gain of $10.5 million in the (Losses) gains and other (expense) income line on our Statements of Income for the 2016 second quarter and the 2016 first half.
Surfers Paradise, Australia
During 2015, we completed the acquisition of an operating property located in Surfers Paradise, Australia. During the 2016 second quarter, we disposed of the portion of this operating property that we did not intend to convert into vacation ownership inventory for gross cash proceeds of AUD $70.5 million ($50.9 million). We accounted for the sale under the full accrual method in accordance with the authoritative guidance on accounting for sales of real estate. As part of the disposition, we guaranteed the net operating income of this portion of the operating property through 2021 up to a specified maximum of AUD $2.9 million ($2.2 million), which was recorded as a deferred gain in the Other line within liabilities on our balance sheet. We recognized a loss, inclusive of the deferred gain, of AUD $1.2 million ($0.9 million) in connection with the sale, which was recorded in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income line on the Statement of Income for the 2016 second quarter and the 2016 first half.

6.7. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Treasury stock is excluded from the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated to give effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the reporting period. The dilutive effect of outstanding equity-based compensation awards is reflected in diluted earnings per common share by application of the treasury stock method using average market prices during the period.
Our calculation of diluted earnings per share reflects our intent to settle conversions of the Convertible Notes through a combination settlement, which contemplates repayment in cash of the principal amount and repayment in shares of our common stock of any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount (the “conversion premium”). Therefore, we include only the shares that may be issued with respect to any conversion premium in total dilutive weighted average shares outstanding, which we calculate using the treasury stock method. As no conversion premium existed as of June 30, 2018, there was no dilutive impact from the Convertible Notes for either the second quarter or the first half of 2018.
The shares issuable on exercise of the Warrants (as defined in Footnote 10 “Debt”) sold in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes will not impact the total dilutive weighted average shares outstanding unless and until the price of our common stock exceeds the strike price, which was adjusted during the second quarter of 2018 to $176.48, as described in Footnote 10 “Debt.” If and when the price of our common stock exceeds the strike price of the Warrants, we will include the dilutive effect of the additional shares that may be issued upon exercise of the Warrants in total dilutive weighted average shares outstanding, which we calculate using the treasury stock method. The Convertible Note Hedges (as defined in Footnote 10 “Debt”) purchased in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes are considered to be anti-dilutive and will not impact our calculation of diluted earnings per share.
The table below illustrates the reconciliation of the earnings and number of shares used in our calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
 Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
 
June 30, 2017(1)
 
June 17, 2016(2)
 
June 30, 2017(1)
 
June 17, 2016(2)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)
Computation of Basic Earnings Per Share       
Net income$44,276
 $36,309
 $77,976
 $60,717
Shares for basic earnings per share27,319
 28,345
 27,285
 28,734
Basic earnings per share$1.62
 $1.28
 $2.86
 $2.11
Computation of Diluted Earnings Per Share       
Net income$44,276
 $36,309
 $77,976
 $60,717
Shares for basic earnings per share27,319
 28,345
 27,285
 28,734
Effect of dilutive shares outstanding       
Employee stock options and SARs464
 368
 457
 379
Restricted stock units182
 121
 187
 131
Shares for diluted earnings per share27,965
 28,834
 27,929
 29,244
Diluted earnings per share$1.58
 $1.26
 $2.79
 $2.08
 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
June 30, 2018(1)
 
June 30, 2017(1)
 
June 30, 2018(1)
 
June 30, 2017(1)
Computation of Basic Earnings Per Share       
Net income$10,761
 $48,186
 $46,742
 $76,076
Shares for basic earnings per share26,728
 27,319
 26,707
 27,285
Basic earnings per share$0.40
 $1.76
 $1.75
 $2.79
Computation of Diluted Earnings Per Share       
Net income$10,761
 $48,186
 $46,742
 $76,076
Shares for basic earnings per share26,728
 27,319
 26,707
 27,285
Effect of dilutive shares outstanding       
Employee stock options and SARs396
 464
 414
 457
Restricted stock units129
 182
 160
 187
Shares for diluted earnings per share27,253
 27,965
 27,281
 27,929
Diluted earnings per share$0.39
 $1.72
 $1.71
 $2.72
_________________________
(1) 
The computations of diluted earnings per share exclude approximately 307,000 and 306,000 shares of common stock, the maximum number of shares issuable as of June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, upon the vesting of certain performance-based awards, because the performance conditions required to be met for the shares subject to such awards to vest were not achieved by the end of the reporting period.
(2)
The computations of diluted earnings per share exclude approximately 263,000 shares of common stock, the maximum number of shares issuable as of June 17, 2016respectively, upon the vesting of certain performance-based awards, because the performance conditions required to be met for the shares subject to such awards to vest were not achieved by the end of the reporting period.
In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for calculating earnings per share, for the 2017 second quarter and the 2017 first half of 2018, we excluded from our calculation of diluted earnings per share 56,649 shares underlying stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) that may be settled in shares of common stock because the exercise price of $143.38 of such SARs was greater than the average market price for the applicable period.
For the second quarter and first half of 2017, our calculation of diluted earnings per share included shares of underlying stock appreciation rights (“SARs”)SARs that may be settled in shares of common stock, because the exercise prices of such SARs were less than or equal to the average market prices for the applicable period.
For the 2016 second quarter, we excluded from our calculation of diluted earnings per share 62,018 shares underlying SARs that may be settled in shares of common stock because the exercise price of $77.42 of such SARs was greater than the average market price for the applicable period.
For the 2016 first half, we excluded from our calculation of diluted earnings per share 194,615 shares underlying SARs that may be settled in shares of common stock because the exercise prices of such SARs, which ranged from $61.71 to $77.42, were greater than the average market price for the applicable period.

7.8. INVENTORY
The following table shows the composition of our inventory balances:
($ in thousands)At June 30, 2017 At December 30, 2016At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
Finished goods(1)
$421,082
 $337,949
$325,374
 $391,040
Work-in-progress
 39,486
113
 2,315
Land and infrastructure(2)
318,351
 330,728
359,992
 330,002
Real estate inventory739,433
 708,163
685,479
 723,357
Operating supplies and retail inventory4,997
 4,373
4,675
 5,022
$744,430
 $712,536
$690,154
 $728,379
_________________________
(1) 
Represents completed inventory that is either registered for sale as vacation ownership interests, or unregistered and available for sale in its current form.
(2) 
Includes $65.8$69.5 million of inventory related to estimated future foreclosures at June 30, 2017.2018.
We value vacation ownership and residential products at the lower of cost or fair market value less costs to sell, in accordance with applicable accounting guidance, and we record operating supplies at the lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Product cost true-up activity relating to vacation ownership products increased carrying values of inventory by less than $1.0 million and decreased carrying values of inventory by $0.4less than $1.0 million during the 2017 first half of 2018 and increased carrying valuesthe first half of inventory by $10.7 million during the 2016 first half.2017, respectively.
In addition to the above, at June 30, 2017,2018, we had $48.7$47.6 million of completed vacation ownership units which have been classified as a component of Property and equipment until the time at which they are legally registered for sale as vacation ownership products. Furthermore, at June 30, 2017,2018, we also had $315.2$454.9 million of commitments to acquire completed vacation ownership units as discussed below in Footnote No. 8,9 “Contingencies and Commitments.”
8.9. CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS
Commitments and Letters of Credit
As of June 30, 2017,2018, we had the following commitments outstanding:
We have various contracts for the use of information technology hardware and software that we use in the normal course of business. Our aggregate commitments under these contracts were $26.2$35.4 million, of which we expect $6.7$7.9 million, $11.4$12.4 million, $4.2$8.0 million, $1.7$3.1 million, $0.8$2.5 million and $1.4$1.5 million will be paid in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and thereafter, respectively.
We have a commitment to purchase an operating property located in New York, New York for $158.5$170.2 million, of which $7.2 million is attributed to a related capital lease arrangement and recorded in Debt. We expect to acquire the units in the property in their current form, over time, and we expectare committed to make payments for these units of $96.8$108.5 million and $61.7 million in 20182019 and 2019,2020, respectively. We currently manage this property, which we have rebranded as Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, New York City. See Footnote No. 12,13 “Variable Interest Entities,”Entities” for additional information on this transaction and our activities relating to the variable interest entity involved in this transaction.
We have commitmentsa commitment to purchase 88 vacation ownership units located in two resorts in Bali, Indonesia for use in two separate transactions,our Asia Pacific segment, contingent upon completion of construction to agreed-upon standards within specified timeframes, for use in our Asia Pacific segment.timeframes. We expect to complete the acquisition of 51 vacation ownership units in the 2017 third quarter pursuant to one of the commitments, subject to the completion of specific construction milestones, and to make remaining payments of $15.4 million with respect to these units. We expect to complete the acquisition of 88 vacation ownership units in 2019 pursuant to the other commitment and to make payments with respect to these units when specific construction milestones are completed, as follows: $7.8 million in 2017, $5.9$3.9 million in 2018, and $25.4$30.9 million in 2019.2019 and $1.9 million in 2020.
We have a remaining commitment to purchase vacation ownership units located at our resort in Marco Island, Florida for $102.2$84.5 million, which we expect will be paid as follows: $50.0 million in 2018 and $52.2 million in 2019. See Footnote No. 5,6 “Acquisitions and Dispositions,”Dispositions” and Footnote No. 12,13 “Variable Interest Entities,”Entities” for additional information on this transaction and our activities relating to the variable interest entity involved in this transaction.
During the first quarter of 2018, we assigned a commitment to purchase an operating property located in San Francisco, California to a third-party developer in a capital efficient inventory arrangement. We expect to acquire the operating property in 2020 and to pay the purchase price of $163.5 million as follows: $100.0 million in 2020 and $63.5 million in 2021. See Footnote 13 “Variable Interest Entities” for additional information on this transaction and our activities relating to the variable interest entity involved in this transaction.

We have new operating lease commitments that expire in 2029. Our aggregate minimum lease payments under these contracts are $17.6 million, of which we expect $0.2 million, $0.4 million, $1.7 million, $1.7 million, $1.9 million and $11.7 million will be paid in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and thereafter, respectively.
Surety bonds issued as of June 30, 20172018 totaled $37.7$34.5 million, the majority of which were requested by federal, state or local governments in connection with our operations.
Additionally, as of June 30, 2017,2018, we had $4.6$2.2 million of letters of credit outstanding under our Revolving$250.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Corporate Credit Facility.Facility”).
Loss Contingencies                         
In April 2013, Krishna and Sherrie Narayan and other owners of 12 residential units (owners of two of which subsequently agreed to release their claims) at the resort formerly known as The Ritz-Carlton Club & Residences, Kapalua Bay (“Kapalua Bay”) filed an amended complaint in Circuit Court for Maui County, Hawaii against us, certain of our subsidiaries, Marriott International, certain of its subsidiaries, and the joint venture in which we have an equity investment that developed and marketed vacation ownership and residential products at Kapalua Bay (the “Joint Venture”). In the original complaint, the plaintiffs alleged that defendants mismanaged funds of the residential owners association (the “Kapalua Bay Association”), created a conflict of interest by permitting their employees to serve on the Kapalua Bay Association’s board, and failed to disclose documents to which the plaintiffs were allegedly entitled. The amended complaint alleges breach of fiduciary duty, violations of the Hawaii Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act and the Hawaii condominium statute, intentional misrepresentation and concealment, unjust enrichment and civil conspiracy. The relief sought in the amended complaint includes injunctive relief, repayment of all sums paid to us and our subsidiaries and Marriott International and its subsidiaries, compensatory and punitive damages, and treble damages under the Hawaii Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Trial is scheduled for September 2018. We dispute the material allegations in the amended complaint and continue to defend against the action vigorously. We filed a motion in the Circuit Court to compel arbitration of plaintiffs’ claims. That motion was denied, but on appeal the Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals reversed. The Hawaii Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Intermediate Court of Appeals and reinstated the action in Circuit Court, which set the case for trial. We filed a petition with the United States Supreme Court seeking review of the Hawaii Supreme Court’s decision. In January 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court issued an order vacating the Hawaii Supreme Court’s decision and remanding the case with instructions to reconsider its ruling in light of a recent U.S. Supreme Court decision reiterating the obligation of courts to enforce arbitration agreements. On July 14, 2017, the Hawaii Supreme Court issued a decision reaffirming its prior ruling and remanding the case to the Circuit Court for trial. On July 24, 2017, we filed a motion for reconsideration of that decision. Given the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot estimate a range of the potential liability, if any, at this time.
In June 2013, Earl C. and Patricia A. Charles, owners of a fractional interest at Kapalua Bay, together with owners of 38 other fractional interests (owners of two of which subsequently agreed to release their claims) at Kapalua Bay, filed an amended complaint in the Circuit Court of the Second Circuit for the State of Hawaii against us, certain of our subsidiaries, Marriott International, certain of its subsidiaries, the Joint Venture, and other entities that have equity investments in the Joint Venture. The plaintiffs allege that the defendants failed to disclose the financial condition of the Joint Venture and the commitment of the defendants to the Joint Venture, and that defendants’ actions constituted fraud and violated the Hawaii Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act, the Hawaii Condominium Property Act and the Hawaii Time Sharing Plans statute. The relief sought includes compensatory and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, pre-judgment interest, declaratory relief, rescission and treble damages under the Hawaii Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act. The complaint was subsequently further amended to add owners of two additional fractional interests as plaintiffs. The Circuit Court granted our motion to compel arbitration ofset the claims asserted by the plaintiffs. Plaintiffs appealed that decision to the Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals and also initiated arbitration. In July 2015, the Intermediate Court of Appeals reversed the decision of the Circuit Court and directed that the action be reinstatedcase for trial beginning in the Circuit Court, based on the Hawaii Supreme Court’s decision in the Narayan case discussed above, which was subsequently vacated by the U.S. Supreme Court. On July 14, 2017, the Hawaii Supreme Court issued an opinion reaffirming its 2015 ruling in the Nayayan case and remanding that case to the trial court. We filed a motion for reconsideration of the Hawaii Supreme Court’s decision in the Narayan case on July 24, 2017, which remains pending.January 2019. We dispute the material allegations in the amended complaint and intendcontinue to defend against the action vigorously. Given the early stages of the action and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot estimate a range of the potential liability, if any, at this time.

OnIn May 26, 2015, we and certain of our subsidiaries were named as defendants in an action filed in the Superior Court of San Francisco County, California, by William and Sharon Petrick and certain other present and former owners of 69 fractional interests at the RCC San Francisco. The plaintiffs allegealleged that the affiliation of the RCC San Francisco with our points-based Marriott Vacation Club Destinations (“MVCD”) program, certain alleged sales practices, and other acts we and the other defendants allegedly took caused an actionable decrease in the value of their fractional interests. The relief sought includes,included, among other things, compensatory and punitive damages, rescission, and pre- and post-judgment interest. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on April 25, 2016. We filedIn July 2018, following a motion to dismiss. The Court held a hearing andmediation meeting, the parties are awaiting a decision. We disputereached an agreement in principle to settle the material allegations in the amended complaint and intend to defend against the action vigorously. Given the early stagescase. The terms of the actiondefinitive settlement agreement are currently being finalized. We have recorded an accrual of $10.6 million in conjunction with the settlement. In addition to various terms and conditions, the inherent uncertaintiessettlement in principle contemplates our repurchase of litigation, we cannot estimate a range offractional interests owned by the potential liability, if any, at this time.plaintiffs.
OnIn March 31, 2017, RCHFU, L.L.C. and other owners of 232 fractional interests at The Ritz-Carlton Club, Aspen Highlands (“RCC Aspen Highlands”) served an amended complaint in an action pending in the court against us, certain of our subsidiaries, and other third party defendants. The U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado has ordered that no further amendments will be permitted. The amended complaint alleges that the plaintiffs’ fractional interests were devalued by the affiliation of RCC Aspen Highlands and other Ritz-Carlton Clubs with our points-based MVCD program. The relief sought includes, among other things, unspecified damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, and attorneys’ fees. We filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which remains pending.the Court granted in part and denied in part in March 2018. In February 2018, plaintiffs filed a motion seeking to add a claim for punitive damages to their complaint, which the Court granted in May 2018. We dispute the plaintiffs’ material allegations and intendcontinue to defend against the action vigorously. Given the early stages of the action and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot estimate a range of the potential liability, if any, at this time.
On
In May 20, 2016, we, certain of our subsidiaries, and othercertain third parties were named as defendants in an action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida by Anthony and Beth Lennen. The case is filed as a putative class action; the plaintiffs seek to represent a class consisting of themselves and all other purchasers of MVCD points, from inception of the MVCD program in June 2010 to the present, as well as all individuals who own or have owned weeks in any resorts for which weeks have been added to the MVCD program. Plaintiffs challenge the characterization of the beneficial interests in the MVCD trust that are sold to customers as real estate interests under Florida law. They also challenge the structure of the trust and associated operational aspects of the trust product. The relief sought includes, among other things, declaratory relief, an unwinding of the MVCD product, and punitive damages. OnIn September 15, 2016, we filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and a motion to stay the case pending referral of certain questions to Florida state regulators, and the Court granted the motion to dismiss and denied the motion to stay. The Court granted leave to plaintiffs to file an amended complaint, which motions remainplaintiffs filed in October 2017. In November 2017, we filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which remains pending. We dispute the plaintiffs’ material allegations in the complaint and intendcontinue to defend against the action vigorously. Given the early stages of the action and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot estimate a range of the potential liability, if any, at this time.

In July 2018, a complaint challenging our acquisition of ILG was filed on behalf of alleged stockholders of ILG in the District Court for the District of Delaware, captioned Scarantino v. ILG, Inc., et al. The complaint names as defendants ILG, ILG’s directors, Ignite Holdco, Inc., Ignite Holdco Subsidiary, Inc., our company, Volt Merger Sub, Inc. and Volt Merger Sub, LLC. The complaint alleges that (i) ILG and ILG’s directors issued a false and misleading registration statement in violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder; and (ii) we and ILG’s directors, Volt Merger Sub, Inc. and Volt Merger Sub, LLC violated Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act by allegedly exercising control over ILG and ILG’s directors while they issued a false and misleading registration statement. The complaint seeks an injunction preventing the defendants from consummating the transaction and attorneys’ fees and costs, as well as other remedies. Also in July 2018, two other complaints challenging the ILG transaction were filed, one on behalf of an alleged stockholder of ILG in the District Court for the Southern District of Florida, captioned Patricia Stephens v. ILG, Inc., et al., and another on behalf of alleged stockholders of ILG in the District Court for the District of Delaware, captioned Hohman v. ILG, Inc., et al. The complaints name ILG and ILG’s directors as defendants and allege that (i) ILG and ILG’s directors issued a false and misleading registration statement in violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder and (ii) ILG’s directors violated Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act by allegedly exercising control over ILG while issuing a false and misleading registration statement. The complaints seek an injunction preventing the defendants from consummating the transaction and attorneys’ fees and costs, as well as other remedies. We believe that these lawsuits are without merit and intend to defend ourselves vigorously.
9.Other
During the second quarter and first half of 2018 we recorded litigation settlement charges of $16.3 million in our Income Statement relating to agreements in principle to settle two actions in our North America segment, consisting of an accrual of $10.6 million in connection with the Petrick action as described above, and an accrual of $4.6 million in connection with an action brought by owners of fractional interests at The Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe, and $1.1 million related to projects in our Europe segment.
During June 2018, we identified fraudulently induced electronic payment disbursements we made to third parties in an aggregate amount of $9.9 million resulting from unauthorized third-party access to our email system. Upon detection, we immediately notified law enforcement authorities and relevant financial institutions and commenced a forensic investigation. As a result, we have since recovered $3.2 million and expect to recover a significant portion of the remaining $6.7 million through recovery of the disbursed funds and applicable insurance coverage. However, this recovery process may take up to several months. We recorded a loss of $6.7 million in the Losses and other expense, net line of our Income Statements for the second quarter and first half of 2018. Any recoveries will be recorded in our results in the future.
Our investigation is ongoing. There is no indication at this time that this event involved access to any of our other systems or data and no other misappropriation of assets has been identified.

10. DEBT
The following table provides detail on our debt balances, net of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs:
($ in thousands)At June 30, 2017 At December 30, 2016At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
Vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, gross(1)
$621,602
 $738,362
$1,113,860
 $845,131
Unamortized debt issuance costs(7,445) (9,174)(13,983) (10,242)
614,157
 729,188
1,099,877
 834,889
      
Warehouse Credit Facility, gross(2)
49,619
 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(3)
(1,617) 
48,002
 
   
Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, gross(4)
47,500
 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(5)
(2,325) 
Convertible notes, gross(2)
230,000
 230,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs(34,195) (37,482)
45,175
 
195,805
 192,518
      
Non-interest bearing note payable63,558
 
30,878
 63,558
Unamortized discount(6)
(4,750) 
Unamortized debt discount(3)
(1,505) (2,998)
58,808
 
29,373
 60,560
      
Other debt, gross212
 834

 27
Unamortized debt issuance costs(18) (19)
 (2)
194
 815

 25
      
Capital leases7,221
 7,221
7,221
 7,221
$773,557
 $737,224
$1,332,276
 $1,095,213
_________________________
(1) 
Interest rates as of June 30, 20172018 range from 2.2% to 6.3% with a weighted average interest rate of 2.5%2.9%.
(2) 
The effective interest rate as of June 30, 20172018 was 2.2%4.7%.
(3) 
As no borrowings were outstanding at December 30, 2016, unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.9 million were included in the Other line within Assets on the Balance Sheet.
(4)
The effective interest rate as of June 30, 2017 was 5.1%.
(5)
As no borrowings were outstanding at December 30, 2016, unamortized debt issuance costs of $2.9 million were included in the Other line within Assets on the Balance Sheet.
(6)
DiscountDebt discount based on imputed interest rate of 6.0%.
See Footnote No. 12,13 “Variable Interest Entities,”Entities” for a discussion of the collateral for the non-recourse debt associated with the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable and the Warehouseour non-recourse warehouse credit facility (the “Warehouse Credit Facility.

Facility”).
The following table shows scheduled future principal payments for our debt as of June 30, 2017:2018:
($ in thousands)
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations(1)
 
Warehouse
Credit
Facility(1)
 
Revolving
Corporate
Credit
Facility
 Non-Interest Bearing Note Payable 
Other
Debt
 
Capital
Leases
 Total
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations(1)
 Convertible Notes Non-Interest Bearing Note Payable 
Capital
Leases
 Total
Debt Principal Payments Year             
2017, remaining$44,767
 $1,420
 $
 $
 $4
 $
 $46,191
201882,481
 3,086
 
 32,680
 4
 7,221
 125,472
Principal Payments Year         
2018, remaining$54,037
 $
 $
 $
 $54,037
201975,774
 3,460
 47,500
 30,878
 4
 
 157,616
108,856
 
 30,878
 7,221
 146,955
202075,254
 41,653
 
 
 5
 
 116,912
112,311
 
 
 
 112,311
202173,567
 
 
 
 5
 
 73,572
116,127
 
 
 
 116,127
2022118,798
 230,000
 
 
 348,798
Thereafter269,759
 
 
 
 190
 
 269,949
603,731
 
 
 
 603,731
$621,602
 $49,619
 $47,500
 $63,558
 $212
 $7,221
 $789,712
$1,113,860
 $230,000
 $30,878
 $7,221
 $1,381,959
_________________________
(1) 
The debt associated with our vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations and the Warehouse Credit Facility is non-recourse to us.us and represents estimated payments assuming purchase of the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable by the 2018-1 Trust in the fourth quarter of 2018 as discussed below.
As the contractual terms of the underlying securitized vacation ownership notes receivable determine the maturities of the non-recourse debt associated with them, actual maturities may occur earlier than shown above due to prepayments by the vacation ownership notes receivable obligors.
We paid cash for interest, net of amounts capitalized, of $9.9$12.4 million and $8.9$9.9 million in the 2017 first half of 2018 and the 2016 first half of 2017, respectively.

Debt Associated with Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations
On June 28, 2018, we completed the securitization of a pool of $436.1 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. Approximately $327.1 million of the vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased on June 28, 2018 by the 2018-1 Trust, and we expect the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable to be purchased by the 2018-1 Trust prior to September 30, 2018. As of June 28, 2018, the 2018-1 Trust held $105.8 million of the proceeds, which will be released as the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable are purchased. On July 26, 2018, subsequent to the second quarter of 2018, the 2018-1 Trust purchased $56.5 million of the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable and $54.8 million was released from restricted cash. Any funds not used to purchase vacation ownership notes receivable will be returned to the investors. In connection with the securitization, investors purchased in a private placement $423.0 million in vacation ownership loan backed notes from the 2018-1 Trust. Three classes of vacation ownership loan backed notes were issued by the 2018-1 Trust: $315.9 million of Class A Notes, $65.0 million of Class B Notes and $42.1 million of Class C Notes. The Class A Notes have an interest rate of 3.45 percent, the Class B Notes have an interest rate of 3.60 percent and Class C Notes have an interest rate of 3.90 percent, for an overall weighted average interest rate of 3.52 percent.
Each of the transactions in which we have securitized vacation ownership notes receivable contains various triggers relating to the performance of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable. If a pool of securitized vacation ownership notes receivable fails to perform within the pool’s established parameters (default or delinquency thresholds vary by transaction), transaction provisions effectively redirect the monthly excess spread we would otherwise receive from that pool (attributable to the interests we retained) to accelerate the principal payments to investors (taking into account the subordination of the different tranches to the extent there are multiple tranches) until the performance trigger is cured. During the 2017 first half,2018 second quarter, and as of June 30, 2017,2018, no securitized vacation ownership notes receivable pools were out of compliance with their respective established parameters. As of June 30, 2017,2018, we had 78 securitized vacation ownership notes receivable pools outstanding.
Convertible Notes
During the third quarter of 2017, we issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes were convertible at an initial rate of 6.7482 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $148.19 per share of our common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment for certain events as described in the indenture governing the notes and was adjusted during the second quarter of 2018 to 6.7560 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $148.02 per share of our common stock) when we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.40 per share, which was greater than the quarterly dividend at the time of the issuance of the Convertible Notes. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. It is our intent to settle conversions of the Convertible Notes through combination settlement, which contemplates repayment in cash of the principal amount and repayment in shares of our common stock of any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount.
Holders may convert their Convertible Notes prior to June 15, 2022 only under certain circumstances. We may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to their maturity date. If we undergo a fundamental change, as described in the indenture, subject to certain conditions, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes, at a repurchase price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. If certain fundamental changes referred to in the indenture as make-whole fundamental changes occur, the conversion rate applicable to the Convertible Notes may increase.
In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we separated the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components and allocated $196.8 million to the liability component and $33.2 million to the equity component. The resulting debt discount is amortized as interest expense. We also incurred issuance costs of $7.3 million related to the Convertible Notes. As of June 30, 2018, the remaining discount amortization period was 4.2 years.

The following table shows the net carrying value of the Convertible Notes:
($ in thousands)At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
Liability component   
Principal amount$230,000
 $230,000
Unamortized debt discount(28,872) (31,596)
Unamortized debt issuance costs(5,323) (5,886)
Net carrying amount of the liability component$195,805
 $192,518
    
Carrying amount of equity component, net of issuance costs$32,573
 $32,573
The following table shows interest expense information related to the Convertible Notes:
 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Contractual interest expense$863
 $
 $1,725
 $
Amortization of debt discount1,375
 
 2,723
 
Amortization of debt issuance costs283
 
 564
 
 $2,521
 $
 $5,012
 $

Convertible Note Hedges and Warrants
In connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, we entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions with respect to our common stock (“Convertible Note Hedges”), covering a total of approximately 1.55 million shares of our common stock. The Convertible Note Hedges have a strike price that initially corresponds to the initial conversion price of the Convertible Notes, are subject to anti-dilution provisions substantially similar to those of the Convertible Notes, are exercisable by us upon any conversion under the Convertible Notes, and expire when the Convertible Notes mature.
Concurrently with the entry into the Convertible Note Hedges, we separately entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions (the “Warrants”), whereby we sold to the counterparties to the Convertible Note Hedges warrants to acquire, collectively, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 1.55 million shares of our common stock at an initial strike price of $176.68 per share, which was adjusted during the second quarter of 2018 to $176.48 per share when we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.40 per share, which was greater than the quarterly dividend at the time of the issuance of the Convertible Notes.
Taken together, the Convertible Note Hedges and the Warrants are generally expected to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock (or, in the event the conversion of the Convertible Notes is settled in cash, to reduce our cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion our stock price exceeds the conversion price under the Convertible Notes and to effectively increase the overall initial conversion price from $148.19 (or a conversion premium of 30 percent) to $176.68 per share (or a conversion premium of 55 percent). The Warrants will expire in ratable portions on a series of expiration dates commencing on December 15, 2022.
The Convertible Notes, the Convertible Note Hedges and the Warrants are transactions that are separate from each other. Holders of any such instrument have no rights with respect to the other instruments. As of June 30, 2018, no Convertible Note Hedges or Warrants have been exercised.
Revolving Corporate Credit Facility
The Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which terminates on August 16, 2022, has a borrowing capacity of $250.0 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility of $30.0 million, and provides support for our business, including ongoing liquidity and letters of credit. Borrowings under this facility generally bear interest at a floating rate plus an applicable margin that varies from 0.50 percent to 2.75 percent depending on the type of loan and our credit rating. In addition, we pay a commitment fee on the unused availability under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility at a rate that varies from 20 basis points per annum to 40 basis points per annum, also depending on our credit rating.

No cash borrowings were outstanding as of June 30, 2018 under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. Any amounts borrowed under that facility, as well as obligations with respect to letters of credit issued pursuant to that facility, are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the borrower under, and guarantors of, that facility (which include Marriott Vacations Worldwide and each of our direct and indirect, existing and future, domestic subsidiaries, excluding certain bankruptcy remote special purpose subsidiaries), in each case including inventory, subject to certain exceptions. As of June 30, 2018, we were in compliance with the applicable financial and operating covenants under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility.
Warehouse Credit Facility
The Warehouse Credit Facility, which has a borrowing capacity of $250$250.0 million, allows for the securitization of vacation ownership notes receivable on a non-recourse basis. During the first quarter of 2018, we amended certain agreements associated with this facility, and as a result, the revolving period was extended to March 13, 2020, certain unused facility fees were reduced and a reserve option was added to provide flexibility in complying with hedging requirements of the facility. The other terms of the Warehouse Credit Facility terminates on March 7, 2019 and ifare substantially similar to those in effect prior to the execution of the amendment. If the Warehouse Credit Facility is not renewed prior to termination, any amounts outstanding thereunder would become due and payable 13 months after termination, at which time all principal and interest collected with respect to the vacation ownership notes receivable held in the Warehouse Credit Facility would be redirected to the lenders to pay down the outstanding debt under the facility. The advance rate for vacation ownership notes receivable securitized using the Warehouse Credit Facility varies based on the characteristics of the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable. We also pay unused facility and other fees under the Warehouse Credit Facility.
During the 2017 second quarter, we securitized vacation ownership notes receivableAs of June 30, 2018, there were no cash borrowings outstanding under our Warehouse Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the vacation ownership notes receivable securitized was $59.1 million. The advance rate was 85 percent, which resulted in gross proceeds of $50.3 million. Net proceeds were $50.0 million due to the funding of reserve accounts in the amount of $0.3 million. We generally expect to securitize our vacation ownership notes receivable, including any vacation ownership notes receivable held in the Warehouse Credit Facility, in the ABS market once per year.

Revolving Corporate Credit Facility
The Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which terminates on September 10, 2019, has a borrowing capacity of $200 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility of $100 million, and provides support for our business, including ongoing liquidity and letters of credit. Borrowings under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility generally bear interest at a floating rate plus an applicable margin that varies from 1.625 percent to 3.125 percent depending on our credit rating. In addition, we pay a commitment fee on the unused availability under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility at a rate that varies from 20 basis points per annum to 50 basis points per annum depending on our credit rating.
Any amounts that are borrowed under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, as well as obligations with respect to letters of credit issued pursuant to that facility, are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the borrower under, and guarantors of, that facility (which include Marriott Vacations Worldwide and each of our direct and indirect, existing and future, domestic subsidiaries, excluding certain bankruptcy remote special purpose subsidiaries), in each case including inventory, subject to certain exceptions. As of June 30, 2017, we were in compliance with the requirements of applicable financial and operating covenants under the facility.
Subsequent to the end of the 2017 second quarter, we borrowed $27.5 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs.
Non-Interest Bearing Note Payable
During the 2017 second quarter of 2017, we issued a non-interest bearing note payable in connection with the acquisition of vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii. Per the terms of the note payable, the first payment of $32.7 million was paid during the second quarter of 2018 and the remaining balance of $30.9 million is due in the second quarter of 2019. See Footnote No. 5,6 “Acquisitions and Dispositions,”Dispositions” for additional information regarding this transaction.
10.11. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Marriott Vacations Worldwide has 100,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, par value of $0.01 per share. At June 30, 2017,2018, there were 36,839,06436,981,204 shares of Marriott Vacations Worldwide common stock issued, of which 27,169,09426,572,208 shares were outstanding and 9,669,97010,408,996 shares were held as treasury stock. At December 30, 2016,31, 2017, there were 36,633,86836,861,843 shares of Marriott Vacations Worldwide common stock issued, of which 26,990,30626,461,296 shares were outstanding and 9,643,56210,400,547 shares were held as treasury stock. Marriott Vacations Worldwide has 2,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per share, none of which were issued or outstanding as of June 30, 20172018 or December 30, 2016.31, 2017.
The following table details changes in shareholders’ equity during the quarter ended June 30, 2017:2018:
($ in thousands)Common Stock 
Treasury
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total
Equity
Common Stock 
Treasury
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total
Equity
Balance at December 30, 2016$366
 $(606,631) $1,162,283
 $5,460
 $346,341
 $907,819
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-09
 
 371
 
 (371) 
Opening balance 2017366
 (606,631) 1,162,654
 5,460
 345,970
 907,819
Balance at December 31, 2017$369
 $(694,233) $1,188,538
 $16,745
 $529,396
 $1,040,815
Net income
 
 
 
 77,976
 77,976

 
 
 
 46,742
 46,742
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 6,681
 
 6,681

 
 
 (1,008) 
 (1,008)
Derivative instrument adjustment
 
 
 48
 
 48

 
 
 37
 
 37
Amounts related to share-based compensation2
 
 (1,385) 
 
 (1,383)1
 
 1,640
 
 
 1,641
Repurchase of common stock
 (3,868) 
 
 
 (3,868)
 (1,882) 
 
 
 (1,882)
Dividends
 
 
 
 (19,077) (19,077)
 
 
 
 (21,343) (21,343)
Employee stock plan issuance
 384
 238
 
 
 622

 369
 270
 
 
 639
Balance at June 30, 2017$368
 $(610,115) $1,161,507
 $12,189
 $404,869
 $968,818
Balance at June 30, 2018$370
 $(695,746) $1,190,448
 $15,774
 $554,795
 $1,065,641


Share Repurchase Program
The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our current share repurchase program:
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)Number of Shares Repurchased Cost of Shares Repurchased Average Price Paid per Share
As of December 30, 20169,672,629
 $608,439
 $62.90
For the 2017 first half32,500
 3,868
 119.01
As of June 30, 20179,705,129
 $612,307
 $63.09
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)Number of Shares Repurchased Cost of Shares Repurchased Average Price Paid per Share
As of December 31, 201710,440,505
 $696,744
 $66.73
For the first half of 201813,969
 1,882
 134.70
As of June 30, 201810,454,474
 $698,626
 $66.83

On February 9,August 1, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1.0 million additional shares of our common stock under our existing share repurchase program and extended the durationprogram through May 31, 2018. On May 14, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized the extension of our existing share repurchase program to September 30, 2017.through December 31, 2018. As of June 30, 2017,2018, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of an aggregate of up to 10.911.9 million shares of our common stock under the share repurchase program since the initiation of the program in October 2013. Share repurchases may be made through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block transactions, tender offers, accelerated share repurchase agreements or otherwise. The specific timing, amount and other terms of the repurchases will depend on market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements and other factors. Acquired shares of our common stock are held as treasury shares carried at cost in our Financial Statements. In connection with the repurchase program, we are authorized to adopt one or more trading plans pursuant to the provisions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
As of June 30, 2017, 1.22018, 1.4 million shares remained available for repurchase under the authorization approved by our Board of Directors. The authorization for the share repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, increased or decreased by our Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. See Footnote No. 14, “Subsequent Events,” for additional information on the share repurchase program, including a recent increase in the numberThe Merger Agreement prohibits us from repurchasing shares of shares available for repurchase under the program.our common stock without ILG’s consent.
Dividends
We declared cash dividends to holders of common stock during the 2017 first half of 2018 as follows:
Declaration Date Shareholder Record Date Distribution Date Dividend per Share
February 9, 2017February 23, 201716, 2018 March 9, 20171, 2018March 15, 2018 $0.350.40
May 11, 201714, 2018 May 25, 201728, 2018 June 8, 201711, 2018 $0.350.40

Any future dividend payments will be subject to Board approval, and there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future. The Merger Agreement restricts our ability to pay dividends other than our regular quarterly dividends without ILG’s consent.
11.12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
We maintain the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Stock and Cash Incentive Plan (the “Stock Plan”) for the benefit of our officers, directors and employees. Under the Stock Plan, we award: (1) restricted stock units (“RSUs”) of our common stock, (2) SARs relating to our common stock and (3) stock options to purchase our common stock. A total of 6 million shares are authorized for issuance pursuant to grants under the Stock Plan. As of June 30, 2017, 1.42018, 1.3 million shares were available for grants under the Stock Plan.
The following table details our share-based compensation expense related to award grants to our officers, directors and employees for the following periods:employees:
 Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands) (91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Service based RSUs $3,481
 $2,986
 $5,447
 $4,553
 $4,192
 $3,481
 $6,199
 $5,447
Performance based RSUs 1,020
 833
 1,871
 1,443
 1,264
 1,020
 2,360
 1,871
 4,501
 3,819
 7,318
 5,996
 5,456
 4,501
 8,559
 7,318
SARs 674
 513
 1,133
 860
 661
 674
 1,159
 1,133
Stock options 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $5,175
 $4,332
 $8,451
 $6,856
 $6,117
 $5,175
 $9,718
 $8,451


The following table details our deferred compensation costs related to unvested awards:
($ in thousands) At June 30, 2017 At December 30, 2016 At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
Service based RSUs $13,495
 $9,000
 $14,499
 $8,918
Performance based RSUs 6,551
 3,307
 8,210
 4,752
 20,046
 12,307
 22,709
 13,670
SARs 2,253
 1,146
 2,375
 999
Stock options 
 
 
 
 $22,299
 $13,453
 $25,084
 $14,669

Restricted Stock Units
We granted 111,74890,979 service based RSUs, which are subject to time-based vesting conditions, with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $95.51,$137.20, to our employees and non-employee directors during the 2017 first half.half of 2018. During the 2017 first half of 2018, we also granted performance basedperformance-based RSUs, which are subject to performance basedperformance-based vesting conditions, to members of management. A maximum of 94,43671,902 RSUs may be earned under the performance based RSUsperformance-based RSU awards granted during the 2017 first half.half of 2018.
Stock Appreciation Rights
We granted 81,97756,649 SARs, with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $27.63$44.75 and a weighted average exercise price of $97.53,$143.38, to members of management during the 2017 first half.half of 2018. We use the Black-Scholes model to estimate the fair value of the SARs granted. The average expected life was calculated using the simplified method. The risk-free interest rate was calculated based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The dividend yield assumption listed below is based on the expectation of future payouts.
The following table outlines the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of grants during the 2017 first half:half of 2018:
Expected volatility30.41%30.78%
Dividend yield1.44%1.11%
Risk-free rate2.06%2.68%
Expected term (in years)6.25

12.13. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
Variable Interest Entities Related to Our Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations
We periodically securitize, without recourse, through bankruptcy remote special purpose entities, notes receivable originated in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products. These vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations provide funding for us and transfer the economic risks and substantially all the benefits of the consumer loans we originate to third parties. In a vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, various classes of debt securities issued by a special purpose entity are generally collateralized by a single tranche of transferred assets, which consist of vacation ownership notes receivable. With each vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, we may retain a portion of the securities, subordinated tranches, interest-only strips, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable or, in some cases, overcollateralization and cash reserve accounts.
We created these bankruptcy remote special purpose entities to serve as a mechanism for holding assets and related liabilities, and the entities have no equity investment at risk, making them variable interest entities. We continue to service the vacation ownership notes receivable, transfer all proceeds collected to these special purpose entities, and retain rights to receive benefits that are potentially significant to the entities. Accordingly, we concluded that we are the entities’ primary beneficiary and, therefore, consolidate them.

The following table shows consolidated assets, which are collateral for the obligations of these variable interest entities, and consolidated liabilities included on our Balance Sheet at June 30, 2017:2018:
($ in thousands)
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations
 
Warehouse
Credit Facility
 Total
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations
 
Warehouse
Credit Facility
 Total
Consolidated Assets:     
Consolidated Assets     
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net of reserves$601,235
 $53,945
 $655,180
$964,510
 $
 $964,510
Interest receivable3,959
 352
 4,311
6,039
 
 6,039
Restricted cash(1)29,646
 1,359
 31,005
144,816
 
 144,816
Total$634,840
 $55,656
 $690,496
$1,115,365
 $
 $1,115,365
Consolidated Liabilities:     
Consolidated Liabilities     
Interest payable$470
 $67
 $537
$643
 $42
 $685
Debt621,602
 49,619
 671,221
1,113,860
 
 1,113,860
Total$622,072
 $49,686
 $671,758
$1,114,503
 $42
 $1,114,545
_________________________
(1)
Includes $105.8 million of the proceeds from the securitization transaction completed during the second quarter of 2018, which will be released as the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable are purchased by the 2018-1 Trust. Refer to Footnote 10 “Debt” for a discussion of the terms of this securitization transaction and the purchase of additional vacation ownership notes receivable by the 2018-1 Trust.
The noncontrolling interest balance was zero. The creditors of these entities do not have general recourse to us.
The following table shows the interest income and expense recognized as a result of our involvement with these variable interest entities during the 2017 second quarter:quarter of 2018:
($ in thousands)
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations
 
Warehouse
Credit Facility
 Total
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations
 
Warehouse
Credit Facility
 Total
Interest income$21,255
 $1,693
 $22,948
$27,209
 $
 $27,209
Interest expense to investors$4,079
 $504
 $4,583
$4,692
 $347
 $5,039
Debt issuance cost amortization$832
 $239
 $1,071
$889
 $244
 $1,133
Administrative expenses$88
 $36
 $124
$100
 $37
 $137
The following table shows the interest income and expense recognized as a result of our involvement with these variable interest entities during the 2017 first half:half of 2018:
($ in thousands)
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations
 
Warehouse
Credit Facility
 Total
Interest income$44,601
 $1,693
 $46,294
Interest expense to investors$8,552
 $851
 $9,403
Debt issuance cost amortization$1,730
 $459
 $2,189
Administrative expenses$209
 $79
 $288

($ in thousands)
Vacation Ownership
Notes Receivable
Securitizations
 
Warehouse
Credit Facility
 Total
Interest income$52,580
 $
 $52,580
Interest expense to investors$9,740
 $691
 $10,431
Debt issuance cost amortization$1,862
 $485
 $2,347
Administrative expenses$243
 $79
 $322

The following table shows cash flows between us and the vacation ownership notes receivable securitization variable interest entities during the 2017 first half and the 2016 first half:entities:
Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Cash inflows:   
Cash Inflows   
Net proceeds from vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations$418,714
 $
Principal receipts$110,754
 $78,698
127,069
 110,754
Interest receipts45,427
 40,197
51,950
 45,427
Reserve release412
 265
912
 412
Total156,593
 119,160
598,645
 156,593
Cash outflows:   
Cash Outflows   
Principal to investors(102,442) (69,074)(117,141) (102,442)
Voluntary repurchases of defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable(14,318) (12,724)(15,137) (14,318)
Voluntary clean-up call(21,993) 
Interest to investors(8,575) (7,030)(9,621) (8,575)
Funding of restricted cash(1)
(109,790) 
Total(125,335) (88,828)(273,682) (125,335)
Net Cash Flows$31,258
 $30,332
$324,963
 $31,258
_________________________
(1)
Includes $105.8 million of the proceeds from the securitization transaction completed during the second quarter of 2018, which will be released as the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable are purchased by the 2018-1 Trust. Refer to Footnote 10 “Debt” for a discussion of the terms of this securitization transaction and the purchase of additional vacation ownership notes receivable by the 2018-1 Trust.
The following table shows cash flows between us and the Warehouse Credit Facility variable interest entity during the 2017 first half and the 2016 first half:entity:
Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Cash inflows:   
Cash Inflows   
Proceeds from vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations$50,260
 $91,281
$
 $50,260
Principal receipts948
 3,621

 948
Interest receipts1,486
 2,965

 1,486
Reserve release4
 28

 4
Total52,698
 97,895

 52,698
Cash outflows:   
Cash Outflows   
Principal to investors(640) (2,100)
 (640)
Voluntary repurchases of defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable
 (142)
Interest to investors(826) (715)(695) (826)
Funding of restricted cash(296) (678)
 (296)
Total(1,762) (3,635)(695) (1,762)
Net Cash Flows$50,936
 $94,260
$(695) $50,936

Under the terms of our vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, we have the right at our option to repurchase defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable at the outstanding principal balance. The transaction documents typically limit such repurchases to 15 to 20 percent of the transaction’s initial vacation ownership notes receivable principal balance. Our maximum exposure to loss relating to the special purpose entities that purchase, sell and own these vacation ownership notes receivable is the overcollateralization amount (the difference between the loan collateral balance and the balance on the outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable), plus cash reserves and any residual interest in future cash flows from collateral. In addition, we could be required to fund up to an aggregate of $5.0 million upon presentation of demand notes related to certain vacation ownership notes receivable securitization transactions outstanding at June 30, 2017.

Other Variable Interest Entities
We have a commitment to purchase an operating property located in San Francisco, California. Refer to Footnote 9 “Contingencies and Commitments” for additional information on the commitment. We are required to purchase the operating property from the third party developer unless the developer has sold the property to another party. The operating property is held by a variable interest entity for which we are not the primary beneficiary as we cannot prevent the variable interest entity from selling the operating property at a higher price. Accordingly, we have not consolidated the variable interest entity. As of June 30, 2018, our Balance Sheet reflected a note receivable of $0.5 million from this variable interest entity, included in the Accounts receivable line. We believe that our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with this variable interest entity is less than $1.0 million as of June 30, 2018.
We have a commitment to purchase an operating property located in New York, New York, that we currently manage as Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, New York City. Refer to Footnote No. 8,9 “Contingencies and Commitments” for additional information on the commitment. We are required to purchase the completed property from the third party developer unless the developer has sold the property to another party. The property is held by a variable interest entity for which we are not the primary beneficiary as we cannot prevent the variable interest entity from selling the property at a higher price. Accordingly, we have not consolidated the variable interest entity. As of June 30, 2017,2018, our Balance Sheet reflected $8.3 million in Property

and equipment related to a capital lease and leasehold improvements;improvements and $7.2 million in Debt related to the capital lease liability for ancillary and operations space we lease from the variable interest entity; and $0.4 million of Accrued liabilities.entity. In addition, a note receivable of $0.5 million is included in the Accounts and contracts receivable line on the Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2017.2018. We believe that our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with this variable interest entity is $2.0$1.6 million as of June 30, 2017.2018.
Pursuant to a commitment to repurchase an operating property located in Marco Island, Florida that was previously sold to a third-party developer, we acquired 36 completed vacation ownership units during the second quarter of 2017 second quarter.and 20 completed vacation ownership units during the first quarter of 2018. See Footnote 6 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for additional information on the transaction that occurred during the first quarter of 2018. We remain obligated to repurchase the remaining portion of the operating property. Refer toSee Footnote No. 8,9 “Contingencies and Commitments” for additional information on theour remaining commitment. The developer is a variable interest entity for which we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not control the variable interest entity’s development activities and cannot prevent the variable interest entity from selling the property at a higher price. Accordingly, we have not consolidated the variable interest entity. We are obligated to repurchase the remaining portion of the property from the developer contingent upon the property meeting our brand standards upon completion, provided that the third-party developer has not sold the property to another party. As of June 30, 2017,2018, our Balance Sheet reflected $3.5$2.6 million of Inventory, $2.2$2.6 million of Other assets that relate to prepaid and other deposits, and $7.5$6.6 million of Other liabilities that relate to the deferral of gain recognition on the previous sale transaction and the deferral of revenue for development management services for the remaining purchase commitment, both of which will reduce our basis in the asset if we repurchase the property. In addition, a note receivable of $0.5 million isand other receivables of $0.1 million are included in the Accounts and contracts receivable line on the Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2017.2018. We believe that our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with this variable interest entity is less than $1$1.0 million as of June 30, 2017.2018.
Deferred Compensation Plan
We consolidate the liabilities of the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”) and the related assets, which consist of the COLI policies held in the rabbi trust. The rabbi trust is considered a variable interest entity. We are considered the primary beneficiary of the rabbi trust because we direct the activities of the trust and are the beneficiary of the trust. At June 30, 2018, the value of the assets held in the rabbi trust was $25.7 million, which is included in the Other line within assets on our Balance Sheets.
13.14. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We define our reportable segments based on the way in which the chief operating decision maker, currently our chief executive officer, manages the operations of the company for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. We operate in three reportable business segments:
In our North America segment, we develop, market, sell and manage vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club and Grand Residences by Marriott brands. In 2016, we introducedbrands, as well as under Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension toof the Marriott Vacation Club brand. We also develop, market and sell vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand, as well as whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand.
In our Asia Pacific segment, we develop, market, sell and manage two points-based programs that we specifically designed to appeal to the vacation preferences of the market, Marriott Vacation Club, Asia Pacific and Marriott Vacation Club Destinations, Australia, as well as a weeks-based right-to-use product.

In our Europe segment, we are focusingfocused on selling our existing projects and managing existing resorts. We do not have any current plans for new development in this segment.
We evaluate the performance of our segments based primarily on the results of the segment without allocating corporate expenses or income taxes. We do not allocate corporate interest expense, consumer financing interest expense, other financing expenses or general and administrative expenses to our segments. We include interest income specific to segment activities within the appropriate segment. We allocate other gains and losses and equity in earnings or losses from our joint ventures to each of our segments as appropriate. Corporate and other represents that portion of our revenues and other gains or losses that are not allocable to our segments.
Revenues
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 
   June 17, 2016 (1)
 June 30, 2017 
   June 17, 2016 (1)
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
North America$455,101
 $378,425
 $903,629
 $758,620
$544,782
 $517,772
 $1,073,239
 $1,005,844
Asia Pacific15,597
 19,042
 33,530
 38,408
18,219
 16,021
 37,083
 31,255
Europe26,922
 25,704
 46,580
 45,265
31,691
 28,643
 55,219
 53,637
Total segment revenues497,620
 423,171
 983,739
 842,293
594,692
 562,436
 1,165,541
 1,090,736
Corporate and other
 
 
 

 
 
 
$497,620
 $423,171
 $983,739
 $842,293
$594,692
 $562,436
 $1,165,541
 $1,090,736

_________________________
(1)
Includes an immaterial reclassification of activity between the North America and Asia Pacific segments.

Net Income
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 
   June 17, 2016 (1)
 June 30, 2017 
   June 17, 2016 (1)
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
North America$118,675
 $110,331
 $223,306
 $199,948
$106,445
 $122,654
 $214,351
 $221,119
Asia Pacific(1,090) (2,544) (80) (1,614)(3,101) (757) (4,181) (908)
Europe3,426
 2,157
 4,173
 2,543
2,111
 4,825
 1,297
 4,409
Total segment financial results121,011
 109,944
 227,399
 200,877
105,455
 126,722
 211,467
 224,620
Corporate and other(55,618) (48,777) (109,651) (99,545)(88,075) (55,618) (147,397) (109,651)
Provision for income taxes(21,117) (24,858) (39,772) (40,615)(6,619) (22,918) (17,328) (38,893)
$44,276
 $36,309
 $77,976
 $60,717
$10,761
 $48,186
 $46,742
 $76,076

_________________________
(1)
Includes an immaterial reclassification of activity between the North America and Asia Pacific segments.
Assets
($ in thousands)At June 30, 2017 At December 30, 2016At June 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017
North America$2,095,789
 $1,968,021
$2,091,665
 $2,087,904
Asia Pacific106,642
 102,348
130,328
 128,490
Europe65,919
 62,245
63,289
 62,430
Total segment assets2,268,350
 2,132,614
2,285,282
 2,278,824
Corporate and other165,086
 258,805
772,288
 565,758
$2,433,436
 $2,391,419
$3,057,570
 $2,844,582

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS15. ADOPTION IMPACT OF NEW REVENUE STANDARD
Share Repurchase Program
On AugustAs discussed in Footnote 1 2017,“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 in 2014, which, as amended, created ASC 606. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity shall recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also contains significant new disclosure requirements regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018, on a retrospective basis and restated our Boardpreviously reported historical results as shown in the tables below. The cumulative impact of Directors authorized the repurchaseadoption of up to 1.0 million additional sharesthe new Revenue Standard on our opening retained earnings as of January 2, 2016, the first day of our common stock under our existing share repurchase program, as a result of which approximately 2.0 million shares are currently available for repurchase, and extended the program through May 31, 2018. Prior to that authorization, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of an aggregate of up to 10.9 million shares of our common stock under the share repurchase program since the initiation2016 fiscal year, was $2.7 million.

Upon adoption of the programnew Revenue Standard, recognition of revenue from the sale of vacation ownership products that is deemed collectible is now deferred from the point in October 2013.time at which the statutory rescission period expires to closing, when control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer. In addition, we aligned our assessment of collectibility of the transaction price for sales of vacation ownership products with our credit granting policies. We elected the practical expedient to expense all marketing and sales costs as they are incurred. Our consolidated cost reimbursements revenues and cost reimbursements expenses increased significantly, as all costs reimbursed to us by property owners’ associations are now reported on a gross basis upon adoption of the new Revenue Standard. In conjunction with the adoption of the new Revenue Standard we reclassified certain revenues and expenses.
As part of the adoption of the new Revenue Standard, we elected the following practical expedients and accounting policies:
We expense all marketing and sales costs that we incur to sell vacation ownership products when incurred.
In determining the transaction price for contracts from customers, we exclude all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-product transaction and collected by the entity from a customer (e.g., sales tax).
We do not disclose the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2017 or provide an explanation of when we expect to recognize that amount as revenue.
The following tables present the impact of the adoption of the new Revenue Standard on our previously reported historical results for the periods presented:
Income Statement Impact - Second Quarter of 2017        
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)As Reported Adjustments As Adjusted
REVENUES     
Sale of vacation ownership products$191,010
 $10,846
 $201,856
Resort management and other services79,158
 (7,218) 71,940
Financing32,530
 
 32,530
Rental84,188
 (14,898) 69,290
Cost reimbursements110,734
 76,086
 186,820
TOTAL REVENUES497,620
 64,816
 562,436
EXPENSES     
Cost of vacation ownership products46,143
 4,882
 51,025
Marketing and sales104,029
 (4,861) 99,168
Resort management and other services44,008
 (4,595) 39,413
Financing3,449
 
 3,449
Rental70,163
 (12,407) 57,756
General and administrative29,534
 
 29,534
Litigation settlement183
 
 183
Consumer financing interest5,654
 
 5,654
Royalty fee16,307
 
 16,307
Cost reimbursements110,734
 76,086
 186,820
TOTAL EXPENSES430,204
 59,105
 489,309
Losses and other expense, net(166) 
 (166)
Interest expense(1,757) 
 (1,757)
Other(100) 
 (100)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES65,393
 5,711
 71,104
Provision for income taxes(21,117) (1,801) (22,918)
NET INCOME$44,276
 $3,910
 $48,186
      
Earnings per share - Basic$1.62
 $0.14
 $1.76
Earnings per share - Diluted$1.58
 $0.14
 $1.72

Income Statement Impact - First Half of 2017    
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)As Reported Adjustments As Adjusted
REVENUES     
Sale of vacation ownership products$363,165
 $2,568
 $365,733
Resort management and other services152,122
 (12,763) 139,359
Financing64,641
 
 64,641
Rental169,444
 (32,475) 136,969
Cost reimbursements234,367
 149,667
 384,034
TOTAL REVENUES983,739
 106,997
 1,090,736
EXPENSES     
Cost of vacation ownership products88,763
 6,033
 94,796
Marketing and sales204,690
 (8,024) 196,666
Resort management and other services85,653
 (8,769) 76,884
Financing7,466
 
 7,466
Rental140,595
 (29,131) 111,464
General and administrative57,073
 
 57,073
Litigation settlement183
 
 183
Consumer financing interest11,592
 
 11,592
Royalty fee32,377
 
 32,377
Cost reimbursements234,367
 149,667
 384,034
TOTAL EXPENSES862,759
 109,776
 972,535
Losses and other expense, net(225) 
 (225)
Interest expense(2,538) 
 (2,538)
Other(469) 
 (469)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES117,748
 (2,779) 114,969
Provision for income taxes(39,772) 879
 (38,893)
NET INCOME$77,976
 $(1,900) $76,076
      
Earnings per share - Basic$2.86
 $(0.07) $2.79
Earnings per share - Diluted$2.79
 $(0.07) $2.72

Balance Sheet Impact         
 As of December 31, 2017
($ in thousands)As Reported Adjustments As Adjusted
ASSETS     
Cash and cash equivalents$409,059
 $
 $409,059
Restricted cash81,553
 
 81,553
Accounts receivable, net154,174
 (62,515) 91,659
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net1,119,631
 (5,079) 1,114,552
Inventory716,533
 11,846
 728,379
Property and equipment252,727
 
 252,727
Other172,516
 (5,863) 166,653
TOTAL ASSETS$2,906,193
 $(61,611) $2,844,582
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY     
Accounts payable$145,405
 $
 $145,405
Advance deposits63,062
 21,025
 84,087
Accrued liabilities168,591
 (48,781) 119,810
Deferred revenue98,286
 (29,228) 69,058
Payroll and benefits liability111,885
 
 111,885
Deferred compensation liability74,851
 
 74,851
Debt, net1,095,213
 
 1,095,213
Other13,155
 316
 13,471
Deferred taxes90,725
 (738) 89,987
TOTAL LIABILITIES1,861,173
 (57,406) 1,803,767
      
Preferred stock
 
 
Common stock369
 
 369
Treasury stock(694,233) 
 (694,233)
Additional paid-in capital1,188,538
 
 1,188,538
Accumulated other comprehensive income16,745
 
 16,745
Retained earnings533,601
 (4,205) 529,396
TOTAL EQUITY1,045,020
 (4,205) 1,040,815
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY$2,906,193
 $(61,611) $2,844,582

Cash Flow Impact - Operating Activities         
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
($ in thousands)As Reported Adjustments As Adjusted
OPERATING ACTIVITIES     
Net income$77,976
 $(1,900) $76,076
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation10,192
 
 10,192
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs2,726
 
 2,726
Vacation ownership notes receivable reserve26,821
 230
 27,051
Share-based compensation8,451
 
 8,451
Deferred income taxes11,778
 1,032
 12,810
Net change in assets and liabilities:     
Accounts receivable30,079
 (6,109) 23,970
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(227,643) (405) (228,048)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections136,731
 
 136,731
Inventory16,007
 (1,001) 15,006
Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory(33,594) 
 (33,594)
Other assets4,406
 69
 4,475
Accounts payable, advance deposits and accrued liabilities(70,470) 2,242
 (68,228)
Deferred revenue19,654
 5,509
 25,163
Payroll and benefit liabilities(8,698) 
 (8,698)
Deferred compensation liability7,053
 
 7,053
Other liabilities(585) 293
 (292)
Other, net3,246
 40
 3,286
Net cash provided by operating activities$14,130
 $
 $14,130


Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
We make forward-looking statements in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, the information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, financing plans, competitive position, potential growth opportunities, potential operating performance improvements, and the effects of competition. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “could” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report. We do not have any intention or obligation to update forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by law.
The risk factors discussed in “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and which may be discussed in subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. There may be other risks and uncertainties that we cannot predict at this time or that we currently do not expect will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Any such risks could cause our results to differ materially from those we express in forward-looking statements.
Our Financial Statements (as defined below), which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows may be in the future. In order to make this report easier to read, we refer to (i) our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Interim Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Statements of Income,“Income Statements,” (iii) our Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets,”Sheets” and (iv) our Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as our “Cash Flows.” In addition, references throughout to numbered “Footnotes” refer to the numbered Notes to our Financial Statements that we include in the Financial Statements section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
On January 1, 2018, the first day of our 2018 fiscal year, we adopted Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which, as amended, created Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), and refer to it as the new “Revenue Standard” throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We restated our previously reported historical results to conform with the adoption of the new Revenue Standard. See Footnote 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for additional information on ASU 2014-09, as amended, and Footnote 15 “Adoption Impact of New Revenue Standard” to our Financial Statements for further discussion of the adoption and the impact on our previously reported historical results.
Business Overview
We are one of the world’s largest companies whose business is focused almost entirely on vacation ownership, based on number of owners, number of resorts and revenues. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club and Grand Residences by Marriott brands.brands, as well as under Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension to the Marriott Vacation Club brand. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand, and we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand.
In 2016, we introduced Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension to the Marriott Vacation Club brand, which features unique properties that embrace the spirit and culture of their urban locations, creating an authentic sense of place while delivering easy access to local interests, attractions and transportation.
Our business is grouped into three reportable segments: North America, Asia Pacific and Europe. As of June 30, 2017,2018, our portfolio consisted of over 65 properties in the United States and eightnine other countries and territories. We generate most of our revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing our resorts; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.
As further detailed
Pending Acquisition of ILG, Inc.
On April 30, 2018, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (“Merger Agreement”) under which we agreed to acquire, in Footnote No. 1, “Summarya series of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our Financial Statements, beginning with our 2017 fiscal year, we changed our financial reporting cycle to a calendar year-end and end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle. Accordingly, our 2017 fiscal year began on December 31, 2016 (the day after the endtransactions, all of the 2016 fiscal year)outstanding shares of ILG, Inc. (“ILG”) in a cash and stock transaction with an implied equity value of approximately $4.7 billion as of that date. Under the Merger Agreement, shareholders of ILG will endreceive 0.165 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and $14.75 in cash, without interest, for each share of ILG common stock, par value $0.01 per share, that they own immediately before these transactions close. Consummation of these transactions is subject to customary conditions, including approval from shareholders of both MVW and ILG and other customary closing conditions.
We intend to finance the transaction through a combination of cash on Decemberhand and debt financing, and concurrently with the signing of the Merger Agreement, entered into a bridge facility commitment letter to provide for such financing. We expect to close the transaction by August 31, 2017.2018.

2017 Hurricane Activity
The table below showsDuring the reporting periods as we refer to them in this report, their date ranges,third quarter of 2017, over 20 properties within our North America segment were negatively impacted by one or both of Hurricane Irma and the number of days in each:
Reporting PeriodDate RangeNumber of Days
2017 second quarterApril 1, 2017 — June 30, 201791
2016 second quarterMarch 26, 2016 — June 17, 201684
2017 first halfDecember 31, 2016 — June 30, 2017182
2016 first halfJanuary 2, 2016 — June 17, 2016168
2017 fiscal yearDecember 31, 2016 — December 31, 2017366
2016 fiscal yearJanuary 2, 2016 — December 30, 2016364
Hurricane Maria (the “Hurricanes”). As a result of the changemandatory evacuations, shutdowns and cancellations of reservations and scheduled tours resulting from the Hurricanes, the sales operations at several of our locations, primarily those located on St. Thomas (USVI) and on Marco Island and Singer Island in our financial reporting calendar, we had seven more daysFlorida, were adversely impacted along with rental and ancillary operations at those locations.
While many of the properties and sales centers impacted by the Hurricanes were fully or partially open by the end of September 2017, two resorts and a sales center on St. Thomas remained closed at the end of 2017. One resort and a modified sales gallery in St. Thomas opened in the 2017 second quarter thanmiddle of February 2018, and we hadexpect the remaining resort in St. Thomas will be opened in the 2016 second quarter, and 14 more days inhalf of 2018. Further, while some of the properties affected were fully or partially open by September 30, 2017, many of the operations at these locations will continue to ramp-up beyond the first half than we hadof 2018. We expect to submit insurance claims in the 2016 first half. We estimate that 2016 second quarter contract sales would have been approximately $12 million higher and that 2016 first half contract sales would have been approximately $26 million higher on a comparable basis. Prior year results have not been restated2018 for the impact of the change in our financial reporting calendar.
Below is a summary of significant accounting policies used in our business that will be usedinterruption losses as well as property damage experienced by both us and our owners’ associations from these Hurricanes; however, we cannot quantify the extent of any payment under such claims at this time.
Significant Accounting Policies Used in describing our resultsDescribing Results of operations.Operations
Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
We recognize revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products at closing, when allcontrol of the following conditions exist: a binding sales contract has been executed;vacation ownership product is transferred to the statutory rescission period has expired;customer and the receivabletransaction price is deemed collectible; and the remainder of our obligations are substantially completed.
collectible. Sales of vacation ownership products may be made for cash or we may provide financing. ForIn addition, we recognize settlement fees associated with the transfer of vacation ownership products and commission revenues from sales whereof vacation ownership products on behalf of third-parties, which we provide financing, we defer revenue recognition until we receive a minimum down payment equalrefer to ten percent of the purchase price plus the fair value of certainas “resales revenue.”
We also provide sales incentives provided to the purchaser.certain purchasers. These sales incentives typically include Marriott Rewards Pointspoints or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” These plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in the Explorer Collection, generally up to two years from the date of issuance. Typically, sales incentives are only awarded if the sale is closed.
As a result of the down payment requirement described above and the requirement that the statutory rescission period has expired, we often defer revenues associated with the sale of vacation ownership products fromrevenue recognition requirements included in ASC 606, there may be timing differences between the date of the purchase agreement to a future period.contract with the customer and when revenue is recognized. When comparing results year-over-year, this deferral frequently generatestiming difference may generate significant variances, which we refer to as the impact of revenue reportability.
Finally, as more fully described in the “Financing” sectionFinancing below, we record an estimate of expected uncollectibility on allthe difference between the vacation ownership notesnote receivable and the consideration to which we expect to be entitled (also known as a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve or a sales reserve) as a reduction of revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products at the time we recognize revenues from a sale.
We report, on a supplemental basis, contract sales for each of our three segments. Contract sales consist of the total amount of vacation ownership product sales under purchase agreementscontract signed during the period where we have received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period.period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where a customer applies any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests, we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products that we report on our Income Statements of Income due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above.We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

Cost of vacation ownership products includes costs to develop and construct our projects (also known as real estate inventory costs) as well as, other non-capitalizable costs associated with the overall project development process and settlement expenses associated with closing process. For each project, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as the revenue recognized. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or real estate inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our Income Statements of Income to true-up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, will have a positive or negative impact on our Statements of Income.Income Statements.
We refer to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products less the cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs as development margin. Development margin percentage is calculated by dividing development margin by revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products.

Resort Management and Other Services
Our resort management and other services revenues include revenues generated from fees we earn for managing each of our resorts. In addition, we earn revenue for providing ancillary offerings, including food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and golf and spa offerings,service outlets located at our resorts. We also receive annual fees, club dues, settlement fees from the sale of vacation ownership products and certain transaction-based fees from owners and other third parties, including external exchange service providers with which we are associated.
We provide day-to-day management services, including housekeeping services, operation of reservation systems, maintenance, and certain accounting and administrative services for property owners’ associations. We receive compensation for these management services; this compensation is typically based on either a percentage of the budgeted costs to operate the resorts or a fixed fee arrangement. We earn these fees regardless of usage or occupancy.
Resort management and other services expenses include costs to operate the food and beverage outlets and other ancillary operations and overall customer support services, including reservations, and certain transaction-based expenses relating to external exchange service providers and settlement expenses from the sale of vacation ownership products.providers.
Financing
We offer financing to qualified customers for the purchase of most types of our vacation ownership products. The average FICO score of customers who were U.S. citizens or residents who financed a vacation ownership purchase was as follows:
 Year to Date Ended
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016
 (182 days) (168 days)
Average FICO score743 743
 Six Months Ended
 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Average FICO score739 743
The typical financing agreement provides for monthly payments of principal and interest with the principal balance of the loan fully amortizing over the term of the related vacation ownership note receivable, which is generally ten years. The interest income earned from the financing arrangements is earned on an accrual basis on the principal balance outstanding over the life of the arrangement and is recorded as Financing revenues on our Statements of Income.Income Statements.
Financing revenues include interest income earned on vacation ownership notes receivable as well as fees earned from servicing the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. Financing expenses include costs in support of the financing, servicing and securitization processes. The amount of interest income earned in a period depends on the amount of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, which is impacted positively by the origination of new vacation ownership notes receivable and negatively by principal collections. We calculate financing propensity as contract sales volume of financed contracts closed in the period divided by contract sales volume of all contracts closed in the period. We do not include resales contract sales in the financing propensity calculation. Financing propensity was 60.1 percent in the 2016 fiscal year and 64.464.0 percent in the 2017 fiscal year and 62.2 percent in the 2018 first half, reflecting successful incentive programs that have been helping to increase financing propensity.half. We expect financing propensity in 2017 to approximate 60 to 65 percent as we intend to continue to offer the financing incentive programs in 2018 and that interest income will continue to increase as new originations of vacation ownership notes receivable outpace the decline in principal of existing vacation ownership notes receivable.

In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the vacation ownership interest. We return vacation ownership interests that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation back to real estate inventory. As discussed above, we record a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve at the time of sale and classify the reserve as a reduction to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products on our Statements of Income.Income Statements. Historical default rates, which represent defaults as a percentage of each year’s beginning gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance, were as follows:
 Year to Date Ended
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016
 (182 days) (168 days)
Historical default rates1.9% 2.0%
 Six Months Ended
 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Historical default rates1.7% 1.9%
Rental
We operate a rental business to provide owner flexibility and to help mitigate carrying costs associated with our inventory. We obtain rental inventory from unsold inventory and inventory we control because owners have elected alternative usage options offered through our vacation ownership programs.

For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the revenues from rental are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 978, “Real Estate - Time-Sharing Activities” (“ASC 978”). The rental activity associated with discounted vacation packages requiring a tour (“preview stays”) is not included in rental metrics, and because the majority of these preview stays are sourced directly or indirectly from unsold inventory, the associated revenues and expenses are reported net in Marketing and sales expense.
Rental revenues are primarily the revenues we earn from renting this inventory. We also recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points under the Marriott Vacation Club Destinations (“MVCD”) program when the points are redeemed for rental stays at one of our resorts or in the Explorer Collection, or upon expiration of the points.Collection.
Rental expenses include:
Maintenance fees on unsold inventory;
Costs to provide alternative usage options, including Marriott Rewards Pointspoints and offerings available as part of the Explorer Collection, for owners who elect to exchange their inventory; and
Marketing costs and direct operating and related expenses in connection with the rental business (such as housekeeping, credit card expenses and reservation services); and.
Costs associated with the banking and borrowing usage option that is available under our points-based programs.
Rental metrics, including the average daily transient rate or the number of transient keys rented, may not be comparable between periods given fluctuation in available occupancy by location, unit size (such as two bedroom, one bedroom or studio unit), and owner use and exchange behavior. In addition, rental metrics may not correlate with rental revenues due to the requirement to report certain rental revenues net of rental expenses in accordance with ASC 978 (as discussed above). Further, as our ability to rent certain luxury inventory and inventory in our Asia Pacific segment is often limited on a site-by-site basis, rental operations may not generate adequate rental revenues to cover associated costs. Our vacation units are either “full villas” or “lock-off” villas. Lock-off villas are units that can be separated into a master unit and a guest room. Full villas are “non-lock-off” villas because they cannot be separated. A “key” is the lowest increment for reporting occupancy statistics based upon the mix of non-lock-off and lock-off villas. Lock-off villas represent two keys and non-lock-off villas represent one key. The “transient keys” metric represents the blended mix of inventory available for rent and includes all of the combined inventory configurations available in our resort system.
Cost Reimbursements
Cost reimbursements include direct and indirect costs that property owners’ associations reimburse to us. In accordanceAll costs, with the accounting guidance for “gross versus net” presentation, we record these revenues and expensesexception of taxes assessed by a governmental authority, reimbursed to us by property owners’ associations are reported on a gross basis. We recognize cost reimbursements when we incur the related reimbursable costs. These costs primarily consist of payroll and payroll related expenses for management of the property owners’ associations and other services we provide where we are the employer. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.
Consumer Financing Interest Expense
Consumer financing interest expense represents interest expense associated with the debt from our non-recourse warehouse credit facility (the “Warehouse Credit Facility”) and from the securitization of our vacation ownership notes receivable. We distinguish consumer financing interest expense from all other interest expense because the debt associated with the consumer financing interest expense is secured by vacation ownership notes receivable that have been sold to bankruptcy remote special purpose entities and is generally non-recourse to us.

Interest Expense
Interest expense consists of all interest expense other than consumer financing interest expense.
Other Items
We measure operating performance using the following key metrics:
Contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products;
Development margin percentage; and
Volume per guest (“VPG”), which we calculate by dividing vacation ownership contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales and other sales that are not attributed to a tour at a sales location, by the number of tours at sales locations in a given period. We believe that this operating metric is valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the sales process as it combines the impact of average contract price with the number of touring guests who make a purchase.

Consolidated Results
The following discussion presents an analysis of our results of operations for the 2017 second quarter compared to the 2016 second quarter, and the 2017 first half compared to the 2016 first half.operations.
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
REVENUES              
Sale of vacation ownership products$191,010
 $146,450
 $363,165
 $284,819
$205,168
 $201,856
 $379,957
 $365,733
Resort management and other services79,158
 74,156
 152,122
 137,864
77,642
 71,940
 147,822
 139,359
Financing32,530
 28,654
 64,641
 57,878
35,851
 32,530
 71,333
 64,641
Rental84,188
 75,069
 169,444
 155,357
74,561
 69,290
 148,771
 136,969
Cost reimbursements110,734
 98,842
 234,367
 206,375
201,470
 186,820
 417,658
 384,034
TOTAL REVENUES497,620
 423,171
 983,739
 842,293
594,692
 562,436
 1,165,541
 1,090,736
EXPENSES              
Cost of vacation ownership products46,143
 33,753
 88,763
 69,370
56,863
 51,025
 103,226
 94,796
Marketing and sales104,029
 78,919
 204,690
 157,331
109,315
 99,168
 215,249
 196,666
Resort management and other services44,008
 44,007
 85,653
 83,870
41,079
 39,413
 78,857
 76,884
Financing3,449
 2,621
 7,466
 7,201
3,788
 3,449
 8,036
 7,466
Rental70,163
 66,028
 140,595
 130,688
62,739
 57,756
 118,638
 111,464
General and administrative29,534
 25,361
 57,073
 50,720
32,992
 29,534
 62,427
 57,073
Litigation settlement183
 
 183
 (303)16,312
 183
 16,209
 183
Consumer financing interest5,654
 5,117
 11,592
 10,479
6,172
 5,654
 12,778
 11,592
Royalty fee16,307
 14,026
 32,377
 27,383
16,198
 16,307
 31,022
 32,377
Cost reimbursements110,734
 98,842
 234,367
 206,375
201,470
 186,820
 417,658
 384,034
TOTAL EXPENSES430,204
 368,674
 862,759
 743,114
546,928
 489,309
 1,064,100
 972,535
(Losses) gains and other (expense) income(166) 10,668
 (225) 10,675
Losses and other expense, net(6,586) (166) (6,140) (225)
Interest expense(1,757) (2,087) (2,538) (4,069)(4,112) (1,757) (8,429) (2,538)
Other(100) (1,911) (469) (4,453)(19,686) (100) (22,802) (469)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES65,393
 61,167
 117,748
 101,332
17,380
 71,104
 64,070
 114,969
Provision for income taxes(21,117) (24,858) (39,772) (40,615)(6,619) (22,918) (17,328) (38,893)
NET INCOME$44,276
 $36,309
 $77,976
 $60,717
$10,761
 $48,186
 $46,742
 $76,076

Contract Sales
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales            
Vacation ownership      
North America$190,883
 $145,600
 $45,283
 31%$211,469
 $195,791
 $15,678
 8%
Asia Pacific11,614
 10,454
 1,160
 11%13,784
 11,614
 2,170
 19%
Europe7,395
 9,938
 (2,543) (26%)7,390
 7,580
 (190) (3%)
Total contract sales$209,892
 $165,992
 $43,900
 26%$232,643
 $214,985
 $17,658
 8%
The changes in contract sales are described within the discussions of our segment results below. Our 2017 second quarter had seven more days than our 2016 second quarter due to the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017. We estimate that 2016the ongoing impact of the 2017 Hurricanes negatively impacted contract sales by $3 million in the 2018 second quarterquarter. Excluding this impact, we estimate total contract sales would have been approximately $12 million higher on a comparable basis.

increased 10 percent over the prior year period.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales            
Vacation ownership      
North America$368,319
 $285,250
 $83,069
 29%$398,613
 $379,011
 $19,602
 5%
Asia Pacific23,562
 19,880
 3,682
 19%26,127
 23,562
 2,565
 11%
Europe11,845
 14,356
 (2,511) (17%)11,564
 12,030
 (466) (4%)
Total contract sales$403,726
 $319,486
 $84,240
 26%$436,304
 $414,603
 $21,701
 5%
The changes in contract sales are described within the discussions of our segment results below. OurWe estimate the ongoing impact of the 2017 Hurricanes negatively impacted contract sales by $10 million in the 2018 first half. In addition, our 2017 first half had 14 moretwo additional days than our 2016 first halfof sales due to the change to an end-of-month quarterlyour financial reporting cycle incalendar at the beginning of 2017. WeExcluding both of these impacts, we estimate that 2016 first halftotal contract sales would have been approximately $26 million higher on a comparable basis.increased 8 percent over the prior year period.
Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
20172018 Second Quarter
 Quarter Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) 
Contract sales$209,892
 $165,992
 $43,900
 26%
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability4,045
 1,179
 2,866
  
Sales reserve(14,636) (11,352) (3,284)  
Other(1)
(8,291) (9,369) 1,078
  
Sale of vacation ownership products$191,010
 $146,450
 $44,560
 30%
 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Contract sales$232,643
 $214,985
 $17,658
 8%
Less resales contract sales(7,392) (5,093) (2,299)  
Contract sales, net of resales225,251
 209,892
 15,359
  
Plus:       
Settlement revenue(1)
4,228
 4,103
 125
  
Resales revenue(1)
2,740
 2,561
 179
  
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability(4,180) 9,862
 (14,042)  
Sales reserve(15,095) (14,337) (758)  
Other(2)
(7,776) (10,225) 2,449
  
Sale of vacation ownership products$205,168
 $201,856
 $3,312
 2%
_________________________
(1)
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2) 
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.
Revenue reportability had a $4.0 millionnegative impact in the 2018 second quarter due to an increase in unclosed contracts during the quarter. Revenue reportability had a positive impact in the 2017 second quarter due to a decrease in the amount of sales that remained in the rescission period as of the end of the quarter, partially offset by a decrease in the amount of sales that met the down payment requirement for revenue reportabilityunclosed contracts during the quarter, compared to a $1.2 million positive revenue reportability impact in the 2016 second quarter.

The higher sales reserve reflected thea higher vacation ownership contract sales volume ($2.4 million of the increase) and an increaserequired reserve in the North America sales reserve2018 second quarter due to the increase in financing propensity ($2.0 million of the increase), partially offset by the correction of an immaterial error in 2016 with respect to historical static pool data in the Asia Pacific and Europe segments ($1.1 million).contract closings.
The decrease in other adjustments for sales incentives was driven by a decrease in the utilization of plus points as a sales incentiveincentives in our North America segment in the 20172018 second quarter.quarter, partially offset by the increase in contract closings.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales$403,726
 $319,486
 $84,240
 26%$436,304
 $414,603
 $21,701
 5%
Less resales contract sales(14,932) (10,876) (4,056) 
Contract sales, net of resales421,372
 403,727
 17,645
 
Plus:      
Settlement revenue(1)
7,741
 7,439
 302
 
Resales revenue(1)
4,946
 4,146
 800
 
Revenue recognition adjustments:            
Reportability15
 1,965
 (1,950) (15,690) (4,288) (11,402) 
Sales reserve(26,857) (19,575) (7,282) (23,970) (27,059) 3,089
 
Other(1)
(13,719) (17,057) 3,338
 
Other(2)
(14,442) (18,232) 3,790
 
Sale of vacation ownership products$363,165
 $284,819
 $78,346
 28%$379,957
 $365,733
 $14,224
 4%
_________________________
(1)
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2) 
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.

Revenue reportability had no material impact innegatively impacted the 2018 first half and the 2017 first half as the increase in the amount of sales that remained in the rescission period as of the end of the period was offset bydue to an increase in the amount of sales that met the down payment requirement for revenue reportabilityunclosed contracts during the period, compared to a $2.0 million positive revenue reportability impact in the 2016 first half.each period.
The higherlower sales reserve reflected the higher vacation ownership contract sales volume ($4.7 million of the increase) and an increasea lower required reserve in the North America sales2018 first half due to lower default and delinquency activity, partially offset by a higher reserve required due to the increase in financing propensity ($3.1 million of the increase), partially offset by the correction of an immaterial error in 2016 with respect to historical static pool data in the Asia Pacific and Europe segments ($0.5 million).contract closings.
The decrease in other adjustments for sales incentives was driven by a decrease in the utilization of plus points as a sales incentiveincentives in our North America segment in the 20172018 first half.half, partially offset by the increase in contract closings.
Development Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Sale of vacation ownership products$191,010
 $146,450
 $44,560
 30%$205,168
 $201,856
 $3,312
 2%
Cost of vacation ownership products(46,143) (33,753) (12,390) (37%)(56,863) (51,025) (5,838) (11%)
Marketing and sales(104,029) (78,919) (25,110) (32%)(109,315) (99,168) (10,147) (10%)
Development margin$40,838
 $33,778
 $7,060
 21%$38,990
 $51,663
 $(12,673) (25%)
Development margin percentage21.4% 23.1% (1.7 pts) 19.0% 25.6% (6.6 pts) 
The increasedecrease in development margin reflected the following:
$11.09.6 million of unfavorable revenue reportability compared to the 2017 second quarter;
$5.7 million from an unfavorable mix of higher cost real estate inventory being sold; and
$1.3 million from higher marketing and sales costs; and
$0.3 million from higher sales reserve activity.
These decreases were partially offset by the following:
$2.6 million from higher vacation ownership contract sales volume net of the sales reserve and direct variable expenses (i.e., cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales);

$6.81.1 million from a favorable mixthe lower utilization of lower cost real estate inventory being sold;
$1.9 million of favorable revenue reportability compared to the 2016 second quarter; and
$0.9 million from lower usage of plus points as a sales incentiveincentives in our North America segment which resulted in less revenue being deferred that will be recognized as rental revenue when the points are redeemed or expire.
  These increases in development margin were partially offset by the following:changes in other expenses; and
$7.00.5 million of unfavorablefavorable changes in product cost true-up activity ($0.51.0 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2018 second quarter compared to $0.5 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2017 second quarter compared to $7.5 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2016 second quarter);
$5.4 million from higher marketing and sales costs (of which $2.2 million was due to the ramp-up of the six new sales distributions);
$0.8 million from higher other development and inventory expenses; and
$0.3 million from higher sales reserve activity due to the increase in financing propensity in our North America segment, partially offset by the correction of an immaterial error in 2016 with respect to historical static pool data in the Asia Pacific and Europe segments..
The 1.76.6 percentage point decline in the development margin percentage reflected a 3.73.4 percentage point decrease due to the unfavorable changes in product cost true-up activityrevenue reportability year-over-year, a 2.12.8 percentage point decrease due to an unfavorable mix of higher cost vacation ownership real estate inventory being sold, a 0.5 percentage point decline due to higher marketing and sales costs, (of which 1.1 percentage points was due to the higher ramp-up expenses associated with the new sales distributions), a 0.4 percentage point decrease from higher other development and inventory expenses and a 0.1 percentage point declineincrease from thea higher sales reserve rate.rate in the 2018 second quarter. These declines were partially offset by a 3.6 percentage point increase due to a favorable mix of lower cost vacation ownership real estate inventory being sold in the 2017 second quarter, a 0.70.2 percentage point increase due to the favorable revenue reportability year-over-year and a 0.3 percentage point increase from the lower usage of plus points as a sales incentive.

changes in product cost true-up activity year-over-year.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Sale of vacation ownership products$363,165
 $284,819
 $78,346
 28%$379,957
 $365,733
 $14,224
 4%
Cost of vacation ownership products(88,763) (69,370) (19,393) (28%)(103,226) (94,796) (8,430) (9%)
Marketing and sales(204,690) (157,331) (47,359) (30%)(215,249) (196,666) (18,583) (9%)
Development margin$69,712
 $58,118
 $11,594
 20%$61,482
 $74,271
 $(12,789) (17%)
Development margin percentage19.2% 20.4% (1.2 pts) 16.2% 20.3% (4.1 pts) 
The increasedecrease in development margin reflected the following:
$19.37.6 million of unfavorable revenue reportability compared to the 2017 first half;
$7.6 million from higher marketing and sales costs; and
$6.6 million from an unfavorable mix of higher cost real estate inventory being sold.
These decreases were partially offset by the following:
$3.7 million from higher vacation ownership contract sales volume net of the sales reserve and direct variable expenses (i.e., cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales);
$14.0 million from a favorable mix of lower cost real estate inventory being sold; and
$2.63.2 million from lower usagesales reserve activity;
$1.5 million from the lower utilization of plus points as a sales incentiveincentives in our North America segment which resultedand decreases in less revenue being deferred that will be recognized as rental revenue when the points are redeemed or expire.
  These increases in development margin were partially offset by the following:other expenses; and
$11.10.6 million of unfavorablefavorable changes in product cost true-up activity ($0.40.2 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2018 first half compared to $0.4 million of unfavorable true-up activity in the 2017 first half compared to $10.7 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2016 first half);
$8.5 million from higher marketing and sales costs (of which $5.2 million was due to the ramp-up of the six new sales distributions);
$1.7 million from higher sales reserve activity due to the increase in financing propensity in our North America segment, partially offset by the correction of an immaterial error in 2016 with respect to historical static pool data in the Asia Pacific and Europe segments;
$1.6 million from higher other development and inventory expenses; and
$1.4 million of unfavorable revenue reportability compared to the 2016 first half..
The 1.24.1 percentage point decline in the development margin percentage reflected a 3.1 percentage point decrease due to the unfavorable changes in product cost true-up activity year-over-year, a 1.41.8 percentage point decline due to the higher ramp-up expenses associated with the newmarketing and sales distributions,costs, a 0.41.7 percentage point decline fromdue to an unfavorable mix of higher cost vacation ownership real estate inventory being sold in the higher sales reserve rate, a 0.4 percentage point decrease from higher other development and inventory expenses2018 first half, and a 0.31.5 percentage point decrease due to the unfavorable revenue reportability year-over-year. These declines were partially offset by a 3.9 percentage point increase due to a favorable mix of lower cost vacation ownership real estate inventory being sold in the 2017 first half and a 0.50.7 percentage point increase from the lower usage of plus points assales reserve activity and a sales incentive.0.2 percentage point increase due to the favorable changes in product cost true-up activity year-over-year.
Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Management fee revenues$21,672
 $19,411
 $2,261
 12%$25,316
 $22,028
 $3,288
 15%
Ancillary revenues33,040
 34,373
 (1,333) (4%)35,412
 33,040
 2,372
 7%
Other services revenues24,446
 20,372
 4,074
 20%16,914
 16,872
 42
 —%
Resort management and other services revenues79,158
 74,156
 5,002
 7%77,642
 71,940
 5,702
 8%
Resort management and other services expenses(44,008) (44,007) (1) —%(41,079) (39,413) (1,666) (4%)
Resort management and other services margin$35,150
 $30,149
 $5,001
 17%$36,563
 $32,527
 $4,036
 12%
Resort management and other services margin percentage44.4% 40.7% 3.7 pts 47.1% 45.2% 1.9 pts 

The increase in resort management and other services revenues reflected $2.3$3.3 million of higher management fees resulting from the cumulative increase in the number of vacation ownership products sold and higher operating costs across the system, $1.2$2.4 million of higher settlement fees due to an increase in the number of closed contracts in the 2017 second quarter, $1.2ancillary revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, and $1.5 million of additionalhigher annual club dues and other revenues earned in connection with the MVCD program due to the cumulative increase in owners enrolled in the program $1.2as well as an increase in the average club dues charged to enrolled owners. These increases were partially offset by $1.5 million of higher resales commissionslower refurbishment and other revenues and $0.4 million of higher refurbishment revenue due to an increasea decrease in the number of refurbishment projects completed in the 20172018 second quarter. These increases were partially offset by $1.3 million of lower ancillary revenues. The decline in ancillary revenues included $3.6 million of lower ancillary revenues from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portion of which was disposed of in the 2016 second quarter) and $0.4 million of lower revenue due to outsourcing the operation of a restaurant in our North America segment, partially offset by $2.7 million of higher revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts.
The improvement in the resort management and other services margin reflected the increases in revenue, and no net change inpartially offset by $1.7 million of higher expenses. Compared to the 20162017 second quarter, expenses in the 20172018 second quarter included $1.5 million of higher expenses associated with the MVCD program, $1.4$2.0 million of higher ancillary expenses from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, $0.5$0.3 million of higher refurbishmentmanagement fee related expenses, and $0.2$0.1 million of higher othercustomer service expenses and expenses associated with the MVCD program, partially offset by $3.1$0.7 million of lower ancillary expenses from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia and $0.5 million of lower ancillaryrefurbishment expenses due to outsourcing the operation of a restaurant in our North America segment.
The ancillary revenue producing portions of the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia were includeddecrease in the portionnumber of the operating property soldprojects being refurbished in the 2018 second quarter of 2016. Therefore, we do not anticipate future ancillary revenues or expenses at this property.quarter.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Management fee revenues$43,431
 $37,851
 $5,580
 15%$49,490
 $44,143
 $5,347
 12%
Ancillary revenues60,309
 61,672
 (1,363) (2%)63,911
 60,309
 3,602
 6%
Other services revenues48,382
 38,341
 10,041
 26%34,421
 34,907
 (486) (1%)
Resort management and other services revenues152,122
 137,864
 14,258
 10%147,822
 139,359
 8,463
 6%
Resort management and other services expenses(85,653) (83,870) (1,783) (2%)(78,857) (76,884) (1,973) (3%)
Resort management and other services margin$66,469
 $53,994
 $12,475
 23%$68,965
 $62,475
 $6,490
 10%
Resort management and other services margin percentage43.7% 39.2% 4.5 pts 46.7% 44.8% 1.9 pts 
The increase in resort management and other services revenues reflected $5.6$5.3 million of higher management fees resulting from the cumulative increase in the number of vacation ownership products sold and higher operating costs across the system, $3.1$3.6 million of additionalhigher ancillary revenues, and $2.9 million of higher annual club dues and other revenues earned in connection with the MVCD program due to the cumulative increase in owners enrolled in the program $2.6as well as an increase in the average club dues charged to enrolled owners. These increases were partially offset by $3.3 million of higherlower refurbishment revenueand other revenues due to an increasea decrease in the number of refurbishment projects completed in the 20172018 first half, $2.4 million of higher resales commissions, brand fees and other revenues, and $2.0 million of higher settlement fees due to anhalf.
The increase in the number of closed contracts in the 2017 first half. These increases were partially offset by $1.4 million of lower ancillary revenues. The decline in ancillary revenues included $6.2 million of lower ancillary revenues from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portion of which was disposed of in the 2016 second quarter) and $1.1 million of lower revenue due to outsourcing the operation of a restaurant in our North America segment, partially offset by $5.9$4.9 million of higher revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts.resorts, partially offset by $0.7 million of lower revenue due to outsourcing multiple operations in our North America segment and $0.6 million of lower revenue due to the two St. Thomas resorts being closed for part or all of the 2018 first half as a result of the 2017 Hurricanes.
The improvement in the resort management and other services margin reflected the increases in revenue, partially offset by $1.8$2.0 million of higher expenses. The higherCompared to the 2017 first half, expenses in the 2018 first half included $3.6$4.0 million of higher ancillary expenses from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, $2.8$0.6 million of higher customer service expenses and expenses associated with the MVCD program, $1.8and $0.2 million of higher management fee related expenses, partially offset by $1.6 million of lower refurbishment expenses due to an increasea decrease in the number of projects being refurbished in the 20172018 first half, and $0.2 million of higher other expenses, partially offset by $5.4 million of lower ancillary expenses from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia and $1.2$1.0 million of lower ancillary expenses due to outsourcing the operation of a restaurantmultiple operations in our North America segment.
Thesegment, and $0.2 million of lower ancillary revenue producing portionsexpenses due to the two St. Thomas resorts being closed for part or all of the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia were included in the portionfirst half of 2018 as a result of the operating property sold in the second quarter of 2016. Therefore, we do not anticipate future ancillary revenues or expenses at this property.2017 Hurricanes.


Financing Revenues, Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Interest income$30,803
 $27,253
 $3,550
 13%$34,127
 $30,803
 $3,324
 11%
Other financing revenues1,727
 1,401
 326
 23%1,724
 1,727
 (3) —%
Financing revenues32,530
 28,654
 3,876
 14%35,851
 32,530
 3,321
 10%
Financing expenses(3,449) (2,621) (828) (32%)(3,788) (3,449) (339) (10%)
Consumer financing interest expense(5,654) (5,117) (537) (10%)(6,172) (5,654) (518) (9%)
Financing margin$23,427
 $20,916
 $2,511
 12%$25,891
 $23,427
 $2,464
 11%
Financing propensity63.0% 54.4%   62.7% 63.0%   
The increase in financing revenues was due to a $113.4$146 million increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance ($5.5 million) and higher other financing revenues ($0.34.5 million), partially offset by higher financing program incentive costs ($1.91.0 million) and a decrease in the weighted average coupon rate of our vacation ownership notes receivable ($0.2 million).
The increase in financing margin reflected the higher financing revenues, partially offset by higher other expenses and higher consumer financing interest expense. Theexpense and higher other expenses were due to the increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance.expenses. The higher consumer financing interest expense was due to a higher average outstanding debt balance. The higher other expenses were due to an increase in variable expenses associated with the increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance.
2018 First Half
 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Interest income$67,825
 $61,159
 $6,666
 11%
Other financing revenues3,508
 3,482
 26
 1%
Financing revenues71,333
 64,641
 6,692
 10%
Financing expenses(8,036) (7,466) (570) (8%)
Consumer financing interest expense(12,778) (11,592) (1,186) (10%)
Financing margin$50,519
 $45,583
 $4,936
 11%
Financing propensity62.2% 64.4%    
The increase in financing revenues was due to a $148 million increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance ($8.8 million), partially offset by higher financing program incentive costs ($1.6 million) and a lowerdecrease in the weighted average interestcoupon rate on the outstanding debt balances. The lower average interest rate reflected the continued pay-down of older securitization transactions that carried higher overall interest rates and the benefit of lower interest rates applicable to our more recently completed securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable.receivable ($0.5 million).
The increase in financing margin reflected the higher financing revenues, partially offset by higher consumer financing interest expense and higher other expenses. The higher consumer financing interest expense was due to a higher average outstanding debt balance. The higher other expenses were due to an increase in variable expenses associated with the increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance.
We expect financing propensity for the 20172018 fiscal year to approximate 60 to 65 percent as we intend to continue to offer financing incentive programs, and that interest income will continue to increase as new originations of vacation ownership notes receivable outpace the decline in principal of existing vacation ownership notes receivable.
2017 First Half
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Interest income$61,159
 $55,027
 $6,132
 11%
Other financing revenues3,482
 2,851
 631
 22%
Financing revenues64,641
 57,878
 6,763
 12%
Financing expenses(7,466) (7,201) (265) (4%)
Consumer financing interest expense(11,592) (10,479) (1,113) (11%)
Financing margin$45,583
 $40,198
 $5,385
 13%
Financing propensity64.4% 56.2%    
The increase in financing revenues was due to a $95.2 million increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance ($10.6 million) and higher other financing revenues ($0.6 million), partially offset by financing program incentive costs ($3.7 million) and a slight decrease in the weighted average coupon rate of our vacation ownership notes receivable ($0.7 million).
The increase in financing margin reflected the higher financing revenues, partially offset by higher consumer financing interest expense and higher other expenses. The higher consumer financing interest expense was due to a higher average outstanding debt balance, partially offset by a lower average interest rate on the outstanding debt balances. The lower average interest rate reflected the continued pay-down of older securitization transactions that carried higher overall interest rates and the benefit of lower interest rates applicable to our more recently completed securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable.
We expect financing propensity for the 2017 fiscal year to approximate 60 to 65 percent as we intend to continue to offer financing incentive programs, and that interest income will continue to increase as new originations of vacation ownership notes receivable outpace the decline in principal of existing vacation ownership notes receivable.


Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Rental revenues$84,188
 $75,069
 $9,119
 12%$74,561
 $69,290
 $5,271
 8%
Unsold maintenance fees(19,326) (15,843) (3,483) (22%)
Other rental expenses(50,837) (50,185) (652) (1%)
Rental expenses(62,739) (57,756) (4,983) (9%)
Rental margin$14,025
 $9,041
 $4,984
 55%$11,822
 $11,534
 $288
 2%
Rental margin percentage16.7% 12.0% 4.7 pts 15.9% 16.6% (0.7 pts) 
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Three Months Ended Change % Change
(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Transient keys rented(1)
333,874
 284,385
 49,489
 17%336,892
 333,874
 3,018 1%
Average transient key rate$212.92
 $212.69
 $0.23
 —%$216.53
 $212.92
 $3.61
 2%
Resort occupancy89.4% 87.4% 2.0 pts 92.0% 89.4% 2.6 pts 
_________________________
(1) 
Transient keys rented exclude those obtainedoccupied through the use of plus points and preview stays and those associated with our operating properties in San Diego, California and Surfers Paradise, Australia prior to conversion to vacation ownership inventory.stays.
The increase in rental revenues was due to a 172 percent higher average transient rate ($1.2 million), a 1 percent increase in transient keys rented ($10.50.6 million) driven by a 10 percent increase in available keys, a $2.2, $2.0 million increase in preview keys rentedof higher other revenues and other revenue, $1.1$1.4 million of higher plus points revenue. Plus points are recognized as revenue (which is recognized when the points are redeemed or expire) and a slightly higher average transient rate ($0.1 million), partially offset by $2.9 million of revenue in the 2016 second quarter from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia prior to the conversion of the property to vacation ownership inventory (a portion of which was disposed of in the second quarter of 2016) and $1.9 million of revenue in the 2016 second quarter at our operating property in San Diego, California prior to the conversion of the property to vacation ownership inventory.redeemed.
The increase in rental margin reflected $3.9 million from the higher rental revenues net of direct variable expenses (such as housekeeping), and the $1.4 million increase in plus points revenue, partially offset by higher expenses incurred due to owners choosing alternative usage options and higher unsold maintenance fees, and the $1.1 million increase in plus points revenue.fees.
20172018 First Half
 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Rental revenues$148,771
 $136,969
 $11,802
 9%
Rental expenses(118,638) (111,464) (7,174) (6%)
Rental margin$30,133
 $25,505
 $4,628
 18%
Rental margin percentage20.3% 18.6% 1.7 pts  
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Rental revenues$169,444
 $155,357
 $14,087
 9%
Unsold maintenance fees(37,899) (30,336) (7,563) (25%)
Other rental expenses(102,696) (100,352) (2,344) (2%)
Rental margin$28,849
 $24,669
 $4,180
 17%
Rental margin percentage17.0% 15.9% 1.1 pts  

Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016  Six Months Ended Change % Change
(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Transient keys rented(1)
660,213
 577,034
 83,179
 14%669,800
 660,213
 9,587 1%
Average transient key rate$220.27
 $220.86
 $(0.59) —%$225.78
 $220.27
 $5.51
 3%
Resort occupancy88.5% 88.1% 0.4 pts 90.0% 88.5% 1.5 pts 
_________________________
(1) 
Transient keys rented exclude those obtainedoccupied through the use of plus points and preview stays and those associated with our operating properties in San Diego, California and Surfers Paradise, Australia prior to conversion to vacation ownership inventory.stays.
The increase in rental revenues was due to a 143 percent higher average transient rate ($3.7 million), a 1 percent increase in transient keys rented ($18.42.1 million) driven by a 13 percent increase in available keys, a $3.6, $3.3 million increase in preview keys rentedof higher other revenues and other revenue and $1.5$2.7 million of higher plus points revenue. Plus points are recognized as revenue (which is recognized when the points are redeemed or expire), partially offset by $6.1 million of revenue in the 2016 first half from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia prior to the conversion of the property to vacation ownership inventory (a portion of which was disposed of in the second quarter of 2016), $2.9 million of revenue in the 2016 first half at our operating property in San Diego, California prior to the conversion of the property to vacation ownership inventory and a slightly lower average transient rate ($0.4 million).redeemed.
The increase in rental margin reflected $2.7 million from the higher rental revenues net of direct variable expenses (such as housekeeping), and the $2.7 million increase in plus points and other revenue, partially offset by higher expenses incurred due to owners choosing alternative usage options and higher unsold maintenance fees, and the $1.5 million increase in plus points revenue.fees.

Cost Reimbursements
20172018 Second Quarter
Cost reimbursements increased $11.9$14.7 million, or 128 percent, over the 20162017 second quarter, reflecting an increase of $6.3$9.0 million due to higher costs, $5.1 million due to the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 and $0.8$4.4 million due to additional managed unit weeks in the 20172018 second quarter partially offset byand a $0.3$1.2 million negative impact from foreign exchange rates in our Europe segment.
20172018 First Half
Cost reimbursements increased $28.0$33.6 million, or 149 percent, over the 20162017 first half, reflecting an increase of $12.9 million due to the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017, $12.0$23.7 million due to higher costs, and $3.7$7.2 million due to additional managed unit weeks in the 20172018 first half partially offset byand a $0.6$2.8 million negative impact from foreign exchange rates in our Europe segment.
General and Administrative
20172018 Second Quarter
General and administrative expenses increased $4.2$3.5 million due to approximately $2.0 million from the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 that resulted in seven additional days in the 2017 second quarterhigher litigation and $2.2 million due totechnology costs as well as higher personnel related and other expenses. The higher personnel related and other expenses included annual merit, bonus and inflationary cost increases.
20172018 First Half
General and administrative expenses increased $6.4$5.4 million due to approximately $4.0 million from the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 that resulted in 14 additional days in the 2017 first halfhigher litigation and $3.8 million due totechnology costs as well as higher personnel related and other expenses, partially offset by $1.4 million of lower litigation related costs.expenses. The higher personnel related and other expenses included annual merit, bonus and inflationary cost increases.

Litigation Settlement
2018 First Half
In the 2018 first quarter, we had a $0.1 million true up of previously recorded litigation settlement expenses due to the reduction of a 2017 settlement of a construction related dispute at one of our North America resorts.
In the 2018 second quarter, we incurred $16.3 million of litigation settlement charges, including $10.6 million related to a project in San Francisco, $4.6 million related to a project in Lake Tahoe and $1.1 million related to projects in Europe.
2017 First Half
In the second quarter of 2017 we incurred $0.2 million of litigation settlement charges. We did not incur any litigation settlement charges in the first quarter of 2017.
Royalty Fee
20172018 Second Quarter
Royalty fee expense increased $2.3decreased $0.1 million in the 20172018 second quarter (from $14.0 million to $16.3 million) due to an increase in the dollar volume of closings ($1.3 million), the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 that resulted in seven additional days in the 2017 second quarter ($1.0 million) and a contractual increase late in 2016decrease in the fixed portion of the royalty fee owed to Marriott International as a result of amendments to our licensing agreements with Marriott International entered into during the 2018 first quarter ($0.50.7 million), partially offset by $0.5$0.6 million of higher costs due to a decrease in sales of pre-owned inventory, which carry a lower royalty fee as compared to initial sales of our inventory (one percent versus two percent) and a slight increase in the dollar volume of closings.
2018 First Half
Royalty fee expense decreased $1.4 million in the 2018 first half due to a contractual decrease in the fixed portion of the royalty fee owed to Marriott International as a result of amendments to our licensing agreements with Marriott International entered into during the 2018 first quarter ($1.1 million) and $0.3 million of lower costs due to an increase in sales of pre-owned inventory, which carry a lower royalty fee as compared to initial sales of our inventory (one percent versus two percent).
2017 First Half
Royalty fee expense increased $5.0 million in the 2017 first half (from $27.4 million to $32.4 million) due to, partially offset by an increase in the dollar volume of closings ($2.50.2 million),.

Losses and Other Expenses
2018 First Half
In the change2018 first quarter, we recorded a $0.5 million favorable true up of previously recorded costs associated with Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
In the 2018 second quarter, we recorded $6.7 million of losses and other expenses primarily resulting from fraudulently induced electronic payment disbursements made to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in third parties, partially offset by $0.1 million of other miscellaneous income. See Footnote 9 “Contingencies and Commitments” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding the fraudulently induced electronic payment disbursements made to third parties during the second quarter of 2018.
2017 that resulted in 14 additional days inFirst Half
In the 2017 second quarter and 2017 first half, ($1.9 million) and a contractual increase late in 2016 in the fixed portion of the royalty fee owed to Marriott International ($1.2 million), partially offset by $0.6we recorded $0.2 million of lower costs due to an increase in sales of pre-owned inventory, which carry a lower royalty fee as compared to initial sales of our inventory (one percent versus two percent).miscellaneous losses and other expense.
Interest Expense
20172018 Second Quarter
Interest expense decreased $0.3increased $2.4 million due to $1.1$2.2 million of interest expense incurred in the 2016 second quarter associated with the mandatorily redeemable preferred stock of a consolidated subsidiary, partially offset by $0.5Convertible Notes issued during the 2017 third quarter and $0.6 million of imputed interest on a non-interest bearing note payable associated with the acquisition of vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii, and $0.3 of higherpartially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in other expenses. Due
2018 First Half
Interest expense increased $5.9 million due to the redemption$4.4 million of the mandatorily redeemable preferred stock in 2016, we will not incur further interest expense associated with this liability in the future.
Convertible Notes issued during the 2017 First Half
Interest expense decreasedthird quarter and $1.5 million due to $2.2 million of expense incurred in the 2016 first half associated with the mandatorily redeemable preferred stock of a consolidated subsidiary, partially offset by $0.5 million of imputed interest on a non-interest bearing note payable associated with the acquisition of vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii and $0.2 million of higher other expenses. Due to the redemption of the mandatorily redeemable preferred stock in 2016, we will not incur further interest expense associated with this liability in the future.
(Losses) Gains and Other (Expense) Income
2017 First HalfHawaii.
In the 2017 second quarter and 2017 first half, we recorded $0.2 million of miscellaneous losses and other expense.
2016 First Half
In the 2016 second quarter and 2016 first half, we recorded a $10.5 million gain on the disposition of excess inventory at The Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences, San Francisco (the “RCC San Francisco”), the reversal of the remaining $1.7 million accrual associated with the disposition of a golf course and related assets in Kauai, Hawaii because we no longer expect to incur additional costs in connection with this sale and a $1.5 million loss on the sale of the portion of the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia that we did not intend to convert to vacation ownership inventory.
Other
20172018 First Half
During the 20172018 first quarter, we incurred $0.4$3.1 million of acquisition costs, and during the 2017 second quarter we incurred $0.2 million of acquisition costs.

2016 First Half
During the 2016 first quarter, we incurred $2.3other expenses, including $2.5 million of acquisition costs associated with the anticipated future capital efficient acquisition of an operating property in the South Beach area of Miami BeachSan Francisco, California and the anticipated future acquisition of the operating property in New York that we currently manage, and $0.2$0.7 million of transaction related costs associated with the sale of the portion of the operating property located in Surfers Paradise, Australia that we did not intend to convert to vacation ownership inventory. See Footnote No. 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions” and Footnote No. 8, “Contingencies and Commitments,” to our Financial Statements for further information related to these transactions.other acquisition costs.
During the 20162018 second quarter, we incurred $1.9$19.7 million of other expenses, including $19.8 million of costs associated with the anticipated futurepending acquisition of vacation ownership units located onILG, partially offset by $0.1 million of other miscellaneous income.
2017 First Half
During the Big Island2017 first half, we incurred $0.5 million of Hawaii and the anticipated futureother expenses, including $0.6 million of acquisition costs, partially offset by $0.1 million of the operating property in New York we currently manage.other miscellaneous income.
Income Tax
20172018 Second Quarter
Our provision for income taxes decreased $3.8$16.3 million (from $24.9$22.9 million to $21.1$6.6 million) from the 2016 second quarter.quarter of 2017. The decrease was primarily due to a favorable impactthe reduction of the adoptionU.S. corporate maximum tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent as mentioned below and by decreases in U.S. and foreign earnings.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law. The new U.S. tax legislation is subject to several complex provisions. We expect to finalize our provisional estimates related to the Tax Act by the fourth quarter of Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2016-09”). See Footnote No. 1, “Summary2018. We expect future earnings to continue to be positively impacted largely due to the reduction of Significant Accounting Policies,”the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to our Financial Statements for additional information on ASU 2016-09.21 percent.
20172018 First Half
Our provision for income taxes decreased $0.8$21.6 million (from $40.6$38.9 million to $39.8$17.3 million) from the 20162017 first half. The decrease was primarily due to a favorable impactthe reduction of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, partially offsetU.S. corporate maximum tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent as mentioned above and by increasesdecreases in U.S. and foreign earnings. See Footnote No. 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our Financial Statements for additional information on ASU 2016-09.

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed by GAAP, is defined as earnings, or net income, before interest expense (excluding consumer financing interest expense), provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization. For purposes of our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculations, we do not adjust for consumer financing interest expense because the associated debt is secured by vacation ownership notes receivable that have been sold to bankruptcy remote special purpose entities and is generally non-recourse to us. Further, we consider consumer financing interest expenseit to be an operating expense of our business. We consider EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to be indicators of operating performance, which we use to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures and expand our business. We also use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors and others, because these measures exclude certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. Adjusted EBITDA reflects additional adjustments for certain items described below, and excludes non-cash share-based compensation expense to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted. We evaluate Adjusted EBITDA as an indicator of operating performance because it allows for period-over-period comparisons of our on-going core operations before the impact of the excluded items. Together, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA facilitate our comparison of results from our on-going core operations before the impact of these items with results from other vacation ownership companies.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. The table below shows our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciles these measures with Net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Net income$44,276
 $36,309
 $77,976
 $60,717
$10,761
 $48,186
 $46,742
 $76,076
Interest expense1,757
 2,087
 2,538
 4,069
4,112
 1,757
 8,429
 2,538
Tax provision21,117
 24,858
 39,772
 40,615
6,619
 22,918
 17,328
 38,893
Depreciation and amortization5,001
 5,052
 10,192
 10,177
5,770
 5,001
 11,371
 10,192
EBITDA72,151
 68,306
 130,478
 115,578
27,262
 77,862
 83,870
 127,699
Non-cash share-based compensation5,175
 4,332
 8,451
 6,856
6,117
 5,175
 9,718
 8,451
Certain items548
 (8,473) 1,019
 (6,678)42,673
 548
 45,284
 1,019
Adjusted EBITDA$77,874
 $64,165
 $139,948
 $115,756
$76,052
 $83,585
 $138,872
 $137,169
20172018 Second Quarter
The certainCertain items for the 2018 second quarter consisted of $19.8 million of acquisition costs associated with the pending acquisition of ILG, $16.3 million of litigation settlement charges, including $10.6 million related to a project in San Francisco, $4.6 million related to a project in Lake Tahoe and $1.1 million related to projects in Europe, and $6.6 million of losses and other expenses primarily resulting from fraudulently induced electronic payment disbursements made to third parties. These exclusions increased EBITDA by $42.7 million.
Certain items for the 2017 second quarter consisted of $0.2 million of acquisition costs, less than $0.2 million of litigation settlement expenses and less than $0.2 million of losses and other expense. These exclusions increased EBITDA by $0.5 million.
The certain
2018 First Half
Certain items for the 2016 second quarter2018 first half consisted of $10.7 million of gains and other income, $2.0$22.9 million of acquisition costs, including $20.4 million of costs associated with the pending acquisition of ILG and $0.2$2.5 million of costs associated with the anticipated future capital efficient acquisition of an operating property in San Francisco, California, $16.3 million of litigation settlement charges, including $10.6 million related to a project in San Francisco, $4.6 million related to a project in Lake Tahoe and $1.1 million related to projects in Europe, and $6.6 million of losses and other expenses primarily resulting from fraudulently induced electronic payment disbursements made to third parties, partially offset by a $0.5 million favorable true up of previously recorded costs associated with the operations2017 Hurricanes (recorded in losses and other expense) and a $0.1 million true up of the portion of the property we acquired in Surfers Paradise, Australia in 2015 that we sold in the second quarter of 2016.previously recorded litigation settlement expenses. These exclusions decreasedincreased EBITDA by $8.5$45.3 million.
2017 First Half
The certainCertain items for the 2017 first half consisted of $0.6 million of acquisition costs, $0.2 million of litigation settlement expenses and $0.2 million of losses and other expense. These exclusions increased EBITDA by $1.0 million.
The certain items for the 2016 first half consisted of $10.7 million of gains and other income, $4.6 million of acquisition costs, a $0.3 million reversal of litigation settlement expense, and $0.3 million of profit from the operations of the portion of the property we acquired in Surfers Paradise, Australia in 2015 that we sold in the second quarter of 2016. These exclusions decreased EBITDA by $6.7 million.
Business Segments
Our business is grouped into three reportable business segments: North America, Asia Pacific and Europe. See Footnote No. 13,14 “Business Segments,”Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information on our segments.

North America
The following discussion presents an analysis of our results of operations for the North America segment for the 2017 second quarter compared to the 2016 second quarter, and the 2017 first half compared to the 2016 first half.segment.
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
REVENUES              
Sale of vacation ownership products$175,847
 $132,473
 $332,504
 $257,157
$188,624
 $184,880
 $349,320
 $336,589
Resort management and other services71,057
 63,296
 138,594
 119,709
68,429
 63,916
 131,960
 125,989
Financing30,719
 26,853
 60,958
 54,261
33,912
 30,719
 67,441
 60,958
Rental75,990
 65,629
 155,130
 138,137
67,083
 62,021
 135,158
 124,506
Cost reimbursements101,488
 90,174
 216,443
 189,356
186,734
 176,236
 389,360
 357,802
TOTAL REVENUES455,101
 378,425
 903,629
 758,620
544,782
 517,772
 1,073,239
 1,005,844
EXPENSES              
Cost of vacation ownership products41,676
 29,080
 79,311
 59,742
50,123
 45,808
 91,108
 84,731
Marketing and sales90,784
 66,911
 179,654
 135,226
95,519
 87,373
 188,902
 174,795
Resort management and other services37,452
 34,666
 74,211
 67,473
33,881
 33,355
 66,164
 66,324
Rental61,900
 55,593
 124,905
 111,549
53,283
 49,220
 100,466
 95,274
Litigation settlement
 
 
 (303)15,199
 
 14,988
 
Royalty fee3,038
 2,254
 5,728
 3,940
3,641
 3,038
 5,478
 5,728
Cost reimbursements101,488
 90,174
 216,443
 189,356
186,734
 176,236
 389,360
 357,802
TOTAL EXPENSES336,338
 278,678
 680,252
 566,983
438,380
 395,030
 856,466
 784,654
(Losses) gains and other (expense) income(162) 12,317
 (196) 12,324
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net17
 (162) 3
 (196)
Other74
 (1,733) 125
 (4,013)26
 74
 (2,425) 125
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS$118,675
 $110,331
 $223,306
 $199,948
$106,445
 $122,654
 $214,351
 $221,119
Contract Sales
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales      $211,469
 $195,791
 $15,678
 8%
Vacation ownership$190,883
 $145,600
 $45,283
 31%
Total contract sales$190,883
 $145,600
 $45,283
 31%
We estimate the 2017 Hurricanes negatively impacted contract sales by $3 million in the 2018 second quarter. Excluding this impact, we estimate that total contract sales would have increased 10 percent over the prior year period.
The $15.7 million increase in North America vacation ownership contract sales reflected a $46.8$13.3 million increase in sales at on-site sales locations partially offset byand a $1.5$2.4 million decreaseincrease in sales at off-site (non tour-based) sales locations. Our 2017 second quarter had seven more days than our 2016 second quarter due to the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017. We estimate that 2016 second quarter contract sales would have been approximately $11 million higher on a comparable basis, the majority of which would have occurred at on-site sales locations.

The increase in sales at North America on-site locations reflected a 28.05 percent increase in the number of tours and a 5.83 percent increase in VPG to $3,672 in the 2018 second quarter from $3,579 in the 2017 second quarter from $3,384 in the 2016 second quarter. The 5 percent increase in the number of tours was due to increases in both owner tours and first time buyer tours, and was driven by programs that were implemented in 2015 or later to generate additional tours. The 28.0 percentIn addition, the increase in the number of total tours includedreflected an increase of approximately 10.1 percent due to the change in the financial reporting calendar in 2017, an increase of 10.65 percent from new sales locations, while tours from existing sales locations were flat year over year. The increase in VPG resulted from a 0.6 percentage point increase in closing efficiency and higher pricing.
2018 First Half
 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Contract sales$398,613
 $379,011
 $19,602
 5%
We estimate the 2017 Hurricanes negatively impacted contract sales by $10 million in the 2018 first half. In addition, our 2017 first half had two additional days of sales due to the change to our financial reporting calendar at the beginning of 2017. Excluding both impacts, we estimate that total contract sales would have increased 8 percent over the prior year period.
The $19.6 million increase in North America vacation ownership contract sales reflected a $20.4 million increase in sales at on-site sales locations, partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in sales at off-site (non tour-based) sales locations.
The increase in sales at North America on-site locations reflected a 4 percent increase in the number of tours and a 2 percent increase in VPG to $3,698 in the 2018 first half from $3,631 in the 2017 first half. The 4 percent increase in the number of tours was due to increases in both owner tours and first time buyer tours. In addition, the increase in the number of total tours reflected an increase of 7.35 percent from new sales locations, partially offset by a decrease of 1 percent from existing sales locations. The decrease at existing sales locations included a negative year over year impact at our St. Thomas sales gallery because it was closed for part of the 2018 first half as a result of the 2017 Hurricanes. The increase in VPG resulted from a 0.4 percentage point increase in closing efficiency and higher pricing. The sales at North America off-site locations were negatively impacted in partprimarily by currency fluctuations, primarily in Latin America.

2017 First Half
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Contract sales       
Vacation ownership$368,319
 $285,250
 $83,069
 29%
Total contract sales$368,319
 $285,250
 $83,069
 29%
The increase in North America vacation ownership contractlower sales reflected an $85.3 million increase in sales at on-site sales locations, partially offset by a $2.0 million decrease in sales at off-site (non tour-based) sales locations and a $0.2 million decrease in fractional sales as we continue to sell through remaining luxury inventory. Our 2017 first half had 14 more days than our 2016 first half due to the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017. We estimate that 2016 first half contract sales would have been approximately $23 million higher on a comparable basis, the majority of which would have occurred at on-site sales locations.
The increase in sales at North America on-site locations reflected a 25.9 percent increase in the number of tours and a 5.6 percent increase in VPG to $3,631 in the 2017 first half from $3,438 in the 2016 first half. The increase in the number of tours was due to increases in both owner tours and first time buyer tours, and was driven by programs that were implemented in 2015 or later to generate additional tours. The 25.9 percent increase in the number of total tours included an increase of approximately 10.1 percent due to the change in the financial reporting calendar in 2017, an increase of 9.0 percent from new sales locations and an increase of 6.8 percent from existing sales locations. The increase in VPG resulted from a 0.4 percentage point increase in closing efficiency and higher pricing. The sales at North America off-site locations were negatively impacted in part by currency fluctuations, primarily in Latin America.
Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
20172018 Second Quarter
 Quarter Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) 
Contract sales$190,883
 $145,600
 $45,283
 31%
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability5,135
 3,783
 1,352
  
Sales reserve(12,131) (7,631) (4,500)  
Other(1)
(8,040) (9,279) 1,239
  
Sale of vacation ownership products$175,847
 $132,473
 $43,374
 33%
 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Contract sales$211,469
 $195,791
 $15,678
 8%
Less resales contract sales(7,392) (4,908) (2,484)  
Contract sales, net of resales204,077
 190,883
 13,194
  
Plus:       
Settlement revenue(1)
3,920
 4,051
 (131)  
Resales revenue(1)
2,594
 2,561
 33
  
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability(1,560) 9,512
 (11,072)  
Sales reserve(13,250) (13,025) (225)  
Other(2)
(7,157) (9,102) 1,945
  
Sale of vacation ownership products$188,624
 $184,880
 $3,744
 2%
_________________________
(1) 
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2)
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.
Revenue reportability negatively impacted the 2018 second quarter due to an increase in unclosed contracts during the quarter. Revenue reportability positively impacted the 2017 second quarter due to a decrease in the amount of sales that remained in the rescission period as of the end ofunclosed contracts during the quarter.
The higher sales reserve reflected thea higher vacation ownership contract sales volume ($2.5 million of the increase) and an increaserequired reserve in the sales reserve2018 second quarter due to the increase in financing propensity ($2.0 million of the increase).contract closings.

The decrease in other adjustments for sales incentives was driven by a decrease in the utilization of plus points as a sales incentiveincentives in the 20172018 second quarter.

quarter, partially offset by the increase in contract closings.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales$368,319
 $285,250
 $83,069
 29%$398,613
 $379,011
 $19,602
 5%
Less resales contract sales(14,604) (10,691) (3,913) 
Contract sales, net of resales384,009
 368,320
 15,689
 
Plus:      
Settlement revenue(1)
7,412
 7,337
 75
 
Resales revenue(1)
4,724
 4,146
 578
 
Revenue recognition adjustments:            
Reportability441
 3,871
 (3,430) (12,465) (4,087) (8,378) 
Sales reserve(22,813) (15,037) (7,776) (21,224) (22,791) 1,567
 
Other(1)
(13,443) (16,927) 3,484
 
Other(2)
(13,136) (16,336) 3,200
 
Sale of vacation ownership products$332,504
 $257,157
 $75,347
 29%$349,320
 $336,589
 $12,731
 4%
_________________________
(1) 
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2)
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.
Revenue reportability positivelynegatively impacted the 2018 first half and the 2017 first half due to an increase in unclosed contracts during each period.
The lower sales reserve reflected a lower required reserve in the amount of sales that met the down payment requirement for revenue reportability during the period,2018 first half due to lower default and delinquency activity, partially offset by an increase in the amount of sales that remained in the rescission period as of the end of the period.
Thea higher sales reserve reflected the higher vacation ownership contract sales volume ($4.7 million of the increase) and an increase in the sales reserverequired due to the increase in financing propensity ($3.1 million of the increase).contract closings.
The decrease in other adjustments for sales incentives was driven by a decrease in the utilization of plus points as a sales incentiveincentives in the 20172018 first half.half, partially offset by the increase in contract closings.
Development Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Sale of vacation ownership products$175,847
 $132,473
 43,374
 33%$188,624
 $184,880
 $3,744
 2%
Cost of vacation ownership products(41,676) (29,080) (12,596) (43%)(50,123) (45,808) (4,315) (9%)
Marketing and sales(90,784) (66,911) (23,873) (36%)(95,519) (87,373) (8,146) (9%)
Development margin$43,387
 $36,482
 $6,905
 19%$42,982
 $51,699
 $(8,717) (17%)
Development margin percentage24.7% 27.5% (2.8 pts) 22.8% 28.0% (5.2 pts) 
The increasedecrease in development margin reflected the following:
$11.27.7 million of unfavorable revenue reportability compared to the 2017 second quarter;
$4.9 million from an unfavorable mix of higher cost real estate inventory being sold; and
$0.7 million from higher marketing and sales costs.
These decreases in development margin were partially offset by the following:
$2.2 million from higher vacation ownership contract sales volume net of the sales reserve and direct variable expenses (i.e., cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales);
$6.51.5 million from the lower utilization of sales incentives in our North America segment and decreases in other expenses;

$0.8 million of favorable changes in product cost true-up activity ($1.0 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2018 second quarter compared to $0.2 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2017 second quarter); and
$0.1 million from lower sales reserve activity in the 2018 second quarter.
The 5.2 percentage point decline in the development margin percentage reflected a favorable2.8 percentage point decrease from the unfavorable revenue reportability year-over-year, a 2.6 percentage point decrease due to an unfavorable mix of lowerhigher cost vacation ownership real estate inventory being sold, and a 0.2 percentage point decline due to higher marketing and sales costs in the 2018 second quarter. These declines were partially offset by a 0.4 percentage point increase due to the favorable changes in product cost true-up activity year-over-year.
2018 First Half
 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Sale of vacation ownership products$349,320
 $336,589
 $12,731
 4%
Cost of vacation ownership products(91,108) (84,731) (6,377) (8%)
Marketing and sales(188,902) (174,795) (14,107) (8%)
Development margin$69,310
 $77,063
 $(7,753) (10%)
Development margin percentage19.8% 22.9% (3.1 pts)  
The decrease in development margin reflected the following:
$5.6 million of unfavorable revenue reportability compared to the 2017 first half;
$5.6 million from an unfavorable mix of higher cost real estate inventory being sold;
$1.1 million of favorable revenue reportability compared to the 2016 second quarter; and
$0.94.3 million from lower usage of plus points as ahigher marketing and sales incentive, which resulted in less revenue being deferred that will be recognized as rental revenue when the points are redeemed or expire.costs.
These increasesdecreases in development margin were partially offset by the following:
$6.8 million of unfavorable changes in product cost true-up activity ($0.2 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2017 second quarter compared to $7.0 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2016 second quarter);
$3.6 million from higher marketing and sales costs (of which $2.4 million was due to the ramp-up of the new sales distributions);
$1.5 million from higher sales reserve activity in the 2017 second quarter due to the increase in financing propensity; and
$0.9 million from higher other development and inventory expenses.

The 2.8 percentage point decline in the development margin percentage reflected a 3.9 percentage point decrease due to the unfavorable changes in product cost true-up activity year-over-year, a 2.3 percentage point decline due to higher marketing and sales costs (of which 1.4 percentage points was due to the higher ramp-up expenses associated with the new sales distributions), a 0.5 percentage point decline from the higher sales reserve rate and a 0.5 percentage point decrease from higher other development and inventory expenses. These declines were partially offset by a 3.7 percentage point increase due to a favorable mix of lower cost vacation ownership real estate inventory being sold in the 2017 second quarter, a 0.4 percentage point increase from the lower usage of plus points as a sales incentive and a 0.3 percentage point increase due to the favorable revenue reportability year-over-year.
2017 First Half
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Sale of vacation ownership products$332,504
 $257,157
 75,347
 29%
Cost of vacation ownership products(79,311) (59,742) (19,569) (33%)
Marketing and sales(179,654) (135,226) (44,428) (33%)
Development margin$73,539
 $62,189
 $11,350
 18%
Development margin percentage22.1% 24.2% (2.1 pts)  
The increase in development margin reflected the following:
$19.53.2 million from higher vacation ownership contract sales volume net of the sales reserve and direct variable expenses (i.e., cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales);
$13.3 million from a favorable mix of lower cost real estate inventory being sold; and
$2.62.1 million from lower usage of plus points as a sales incentive, which resultedreserve activity in less revenue being deferred that will be recognized as rental revenue when the points are redeemed or expire.
These increases in development margin were partially offset by the following:2018 first half;
$11.21.2 million of unfavorablefavorable changes in product cost true-up activity ($0.80.4 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2018 first half compared to $0.9 million of unfavorable true-up activity in the 2017 first half compared to $10.4 million of favorable true-up activity in the 2016 first half); and
$6.71.2 million from higher marketingthe lower utilization of sales incentives in our North America segment and sales costs (of which $5.9 million was due to the ramp-up of the new sales distributions);
$2.4 million from higher sales reserve activitydecreases in the 2017 first half due to the increase in financing propensity;
$2.2 million of unfavorable revenue reportability compared to the 2016 first half; and
$1.5 million from higher other development and inventory expenses.
The 2.13.1 percentage point decline in the development margin percentage reflected a 3.41.6 percentage point decrease due to thean unfavorable changes in product cost true-up activity year-over-year, a 1.8 percentage point decline due to the higher ramp-up expenses associated with the new sales distributions, a 0.6 percentage point decrease due to the unfavorable revenue reportability year-over-year, a 0.4 percentage point decline from the higher sales reserve rate and a 0.4 percentage point decrease from higher other development and inventory expenses. These declines were partially offset by a 4.0 percentage point increase due to a favorable mix of lowerhigher cost vacation ownership real estate inventory being sold in the 20172018 first half, a 1.2 percentage point decrease due to higher marketing and sales costs, and a 1.2 percentage point decrease from the unfavorable revenue reportability year-over-year. These declines were partially offset by a 0.5 percentage point increase fromdue to the lower usage of plus points assales reserve activity and a sales incentive.0.4 percentage point increase due to the favorable changes in product cost true-up activity year-over-year.

Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Management fee revenues$19,355
 $17,229
 $2,126
 12%$22,760
 $19,711
 $3,049
 15%
Ancillary revenues27,910
 26,200
 1,710
 7%29,716
 27,910
 1,806
 6%
Other services revenues23,792
 19,867
 3,925
 20%15,953
 16,295
 (342) (2%)
Resort management and other services revenues71,057
 63,296
 7,761
 12%68,429
 63,916
 4,513
 7%
Resort management and other services expenses(37,452) (34,666) (2,786) (8%)(33,881) (33,355) (526) (2%)
Resort management and other services margin$33,605
 $28,630
 $4,975
 17%$34,548
 $30,561
 $3,987
 13%
Resort management and other services margin
percentage
47.3% 45.2% 2.1 pts 50.5% 47.8% 2.7 pts 

The increase in resort management and other services revenues reflected $2.1$3.0 million of higher management fees resulting from the cumulative increase in the number of vacation ownership products sold and higher operating costs across the system, $1.7$1.8 million of higher ancillary revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, and $1.2 million of higher settlement fees due to an increase in the number of closed contracts in the 2017 second quarter, $1.2 million of additional annual club dues and other revenues earned in connection with the MVCD program due to the cumulative increase in owners enrolled in the program $1.2as well as an increase in the average club dues charged to enrolled owners. These increases were partially offset by $1.5 million of higher resales commissionslower refurbishment and other revenues and $0.4 million of higher refurbishment revenue due to an increasea decrease in the number of refurbishment projects completed in the 20172018 second quarter. The increase in ancillary revenues included $2.1 million of higher revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, partially offset by $0.4 million of lower revenue due to outsourcing the operation of a restaurant.
The increase in the resort management and other services margin reflected the increases in revenue, partially offset by $2.8by$0.5 million of higher expenses, including $1.6 million ofexpenses. The higher expenses associated with the MVCD program, $1.1included $1.2 million of higher ancillary expenses from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, $0.5partially offset by $0.7 million of higherlower refurbishment expenses due to an increasea decrease in the number of projects being refurbished in the 20172018 second quarter and $0.1 million of higher other expenses, partially offset by $0.5 million of lower ancillary expenses due to outsourcing the operation of a restaurant.quarter.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Management fee revenues$38,915
 $33,692
 $5,223
 16%$44,323
 $39,627
 $4,696
 12%
Ancillary revenues52,598
 48,640
 3,958
 8%55,113
 52,598
 2,515
 5%
Other services revenues47,081
 37,377
 9,704
 26%32,524
 33,764
 (1,240) (4%)
Resort management and other services revenues138,594
 119,709
 18,885
 16%131,960
 125,989
 5,971
 5%
Resort management and other services expenses(74,211) (67,473) (6,738) (10%)(66,164) (66,324) 160
 —%
Resort management and other services margin$64,383
 $52,236
 $12,147
 23%$65,796
 $59,665
 $6,131
 10%
Resort management and other services margin
percentage
46.5% 43.6% 2.9 pts 49.9% 47.4% 2.5 pts 
The increase in resort management and other services revenues reflected $5.2$4.7 million of higher management fees resulting from the cumulative increase in the number of vacation ownership products sold and higher operating costs across the system, $4.0$2.5 million of higher ancillary revenues, $3.0and $2.1 million of additionalhigher annual club dues and other revenues earned in connection with the MVCD program due to the cumulative increase in owners enrolled in the program $2.6as well as an increase in the average club dues charged to enrolled owners. These increases were partially offset by $3.3 million of higherlower refurbishment revenueand other revenues due to an increasea decrease in the number of refurbishment projects completed in the 20172018 first half, $2.1 million of higher resales commissions, brand fees and other revenues, and $2.0 million of higher settlement fees due to an increase in the number of closed contracts in the 2017 first half.
The increase in ancillary revenues included $5.2$3.8 million of higher revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, partially offset by $1.2$0.7 million of lower revenue due to outsourcing multiple operations in our North America segment and $0.6 million of lower revenue due to the operationtwo St. Thomas resorts being closed for part or all of the 2018 first quarter as a restaurant.

result of the 2017 Hurricanes.
The increase in the resort management and other services margin reflected the increases in revenue and $0.2 million of lower expenses. The lower expenses included $1.7 million of lower refurbishment expenses due to a decrease in the number of projects being refurbished in the 2018 first half, $1.0 million of lower ancillary expenses due to outsourcing multiple operations, and $0.2 million of lower ancillary expenses due to the two St. Thomas resorts being closed for part or all of the first quarter of 2018 as a result of the 2017 Hurricanes, partially offset by $6.7 million of higher expenses, including $3.2$2.3 million of higher ancillary expenses from food and beverage and golf offerings at our resorts, $2.6$0.2 million of higher customer service expenses and expenses associated with the MVCD program, $1.8and $0.2 million of higher refurbishment expenses due to an increase in the number of projects being refurbished in the 2017 first half, and $0.3 million of higher other expenses, partially offset by $1.2 million of lower ancillary expenses due to outsourcing the operation of a restaurant.management fee related expenses.
Financing Revenues Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Interest income$29,029
 $25,482
 $3,547
 14%$32,221
 $29,029
 $3,192
 11%
Other financing revenues1,690
 1,371
 319
 23%1,691
 1,690
 1
 —%
Financing revenues$30,719
 $26,853
 $3,866
 14%$33,912
 $30,719
 $3,193
 10%
Financing propensity62.9% 51.9%   62.9% 62.9%   
The increase in financing revenues was due to an increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance ($5.5 million) and higher other financing revenues ($0.34.3 million), partially offset by higher financing program incentive costs ($1.91.0 million). We expect financing propensity for and a decrease in the 2017 fiscal year to approximate 60 to 65 percent as we intend to continue to offer financing incentive programs, and that interest income will continue to increase as new originationsweighted average coupon rate of our vacation ownership notes receivable outpace the decline in principal of existing vacation ownership notes receivable.($0.1 million).

20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Interest income$57,552
 $51,475
 $6,077
 12%$63,997
 $57,552
 $6,445
 11%
Other financing revenues3,406
 2,786
 620
 22%3,444
 3,406
 38
 1%
Financing revenues$60,958
 $54,261
 $6,697
 12%$67,441
 $60,958
 $6,483
 11%
Financing propensity64.4% 54.1%   62.2% 64.4%   
The increase in financing revenues was due to an increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance ($10.5 million) and higher other financing revenues ($0.68.5 million), partially offset by higher financing program incentive costs ($3.71.6 million) and a slight decrease in the weighted average coupon rate of our vacation ownership notes receivable ($0.70.4 million). We expect financing propensity for the 20172018 fiscal year to approximate 60 to 65 percent as we intend to continue to offer financing incentive programs, and that interest income will continue to increase as new originations of vacation ownership notes receivable outpace the decline in principal of existing vacation ownership notes receivable.
Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Rental revenues$75,990
 $65,629
 $10,361
 16%$67,083
 $62,021
 $5,062
 8%
Unsold maintenance fees(17,266) (14,444) (2,822) (20%)
Other rental expenses(44,634) (41,149) (3,485) (8%)
Rental expenses(53,283) (49,220) (4,063) (8%)
Rental margin$14,090
 $10,036
 $4,054
 40%$13,800
 $12,801
 $999
 8%
Rental margin percentage18.5% 15.3% 3.2 pts 20.6% 20.6% —% 
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Transient keys rented(1)
306,830
 261,320
 45,510
 17%310,561
 306,830
 3,731
 1%
Average transient key rate$207.98
 $209.08
 $(1.10) (1%)$211.18
 $207.98
 $3.20
 2%
Resort occupancy89.7% 87.9% 1.8 pts 92.7% 89.7% 3.0 pts 
_________________________
(1) 
Transient keys rented exclude those obtainedoccupied through the use of plus points and preview stays and those associated with our operating property in San Diego, California prior to conversion to vacation ownership inventory.stays.
The increase in rental revenues was due to $1.9 million of higher other revenues, $1.4 million of higher plus points revenue (plus points are recognized as revenue when the points are redeemed), a 172 percent increase in average transient rate ($1.0 million),and a 1 percent increase in transient keys rented ($9.50.8 million) driven by a 10 percent increase in available keys, a $2.0 million increase in preview keys rented and other revenue and $1.1 million of higher plus points revenue (which is recognized when the points are redeemed or expire), partially offset by $1.9 million of revenue in the 2016 second quarter at our operating property in San Diego, California prior to the conversion of the property to vacation ownership inventory and a 1 percent decrease in average transient rate ($0.3 million).
The increase in rental margin reflected $3.0 million from the higher rental revenues net of direct variable expenses (such as housekeeping), and the $1.4 million increase in plus points, partially offset by higher expenses incurred due to owners choosing alternative usage options and higher unsold maintenance fees and the $1.1 million increase in plus points revenue.fees.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Rental revenues$155,130
 $138,137
 $16,993
 12%$135,158
 $124,506
 $10,652
 9%
Unsold maintenance fees(33,709) (27,971) (5,738) (21%)
Other rental expenses(91,196) (83,578) (7,618) (9%)
Rental expenses(100,466) (95,274) (5,192) (5%)
Rental margin$30,225
 $26,588
 $3,637
 14%$34,692
 $29,232
 $5,460
 19%
Rental margin percentage19.5% 19.2% 0.3 pts 25.7% 23.5% 2.2 pts 

 Six Months Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Transient keys rented(1)
620,067
 611,776
 8,291
 1%
Average transient key rate$222.64
 $217.74
 $4.90
 2%
Resort occupancy90.9% 89.1% 1.8 pts  
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
 (182 days) (168 days) 
Transient keys rented(1)
611,776
 535,691
 76,085
 14%
Average transient key rate$217.74
 $219.71
 $(1.97) (1%)
Resort occupancy89.1% 89.1% —%  
_________________________
(1) 
Transient keys rented exclude those obtainedoccupied through the use of plus points and preview stays and those associated with our operating property in San Diego, California prior to conversion to vacation ownership inventory.stays.
The increase in rental revenues was due to $3.2 million of higher other revenues, a 142 percent increase in average transient rate ($3.0 million), $2.7 million of higher plus points revenue (plus points are recognized as revenue when the points are redeemed)and a 1 percent increase in transient keys rented ($16.51.8 million) driven by a 14 percent increase in available keys, a $3.1 million increase in preview keys rented and other revenue and $1.5 million of higher plus points revenue (which is recognized when the points are redeemed or expire), partially offset by $2.9 million of revenue in the 2017 first half at our operating property in San Diego, California prior to the conversion of the property to vacation ownership inventory and a 1 percent decrease in average transient rate ($1.2 million).
The increase in rental margin reflected $2.1 million from the higher rental revenues net of direct variable expenses (such as housekeeping), and the $2.7 million increase in plus points, partially offset by higher expenses incurred due to owners choosing alternative usage options and higher unsold maintenance fees and the $1.5 million increase in plus points revenue.fees.

Asia Pacific
The following discussion presents an analysis of our results of operations for the Asia Pacific segment for the 2017 second quarter compared to the 2016 second quarter, and the 2017 first half compared to the 2016 first half.segment.
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
REVENUES              
Sale of vacation ownership products$10,094
 $8,110
 $21,016
 $16,635
$11,654
 $10,282
 $22,900
 $19,437
Resort management and other services1,030
 4,412
 2,033
 7,778
1,337
 981
 2,650
 1,923
Financing1,105
 1,007
 2,228
 1,988
1,238
 1,105
 2,452
 2,228
Rental2,644
 4,828
 6,382
 10,449
2,059
 2,046
 5,384
 4,950
Cost reimbursements724
 685
 1,871
 1,558
1,931
 1,607
 3,697
 2,717
TOTAL REVENUES15,597
 19,042
 33,530
 38,408
18,219
 16,021
 37,083
 31,255
EXPENSES              
Cost of vacation ownership products1,866
 1,597
 3,955
 3,306
3,490
 2,184
 6,636
 4,242
Marketing and sales8,717
 6,695
 16,918
 12,906
9,379
 7,618
 18,016
 14,381
Resort management and other services1,060
 4,145
 2,153
 7,646
1,271
 831
 2,382
 1,703
Rental4,097
 6,766
 8,234
 12,554
5,019
 4,315
 10,045
 8,641
Royalty fee221
 179
 449
 325
268
 221
 521
 449
Cost reimbursements724
 685
 1,871
 1,558
1,931
 1,607
 3,697
 2,717
TOTAL EXPENSES16,685
 20,067
 33,580
 38,295
21,358
 16,776
 41,297
 32,133
Losses and other expense
 (1,498) (20) (1,498)
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net43
 
 43
 (20)
Other(2) (21) (10) (229)(5) (2) (10) (10)
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS$(1,090) $(2,544) $(80) $(1,614)$(3,101) $(757) $(4,181) $(908)
Overview
In our Asia Pacific segment, we continue to identify opportunities for development margin growth and improvement. We plan to continue to focus on future inventory acquisitions with strong on-site sales locations. In 2015,During the 2017 third quarter, we purchased an operating property located in Surfers Paradise, Australia and in 2016, we soldcompleted the portionpurchase of this operating property that we did not intend to convert to51 completed vacation ownership inventoryunits, as well as a sales gallery and converted the remaining portion of this operating property to vacation ownership inventory, a portion of which was contributed to our points-based programs within this segment.related amenities, in Bali, Indonesia. We began selling from this new location at the end of the 2016 first quarter. We expect to acquire vacation ownership units in Bali, Indonesia in the 2018 second half of 2017, contingent on completion to agreed upon standards, which will provide us with a new resort destination with an on-site sales location.quarter.

Contract Sales
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales      $13,784
 $11,614
 $2,170
 19%
Vacation ownership$11,614
 $10,454
 $1,160
 11%
Total contract sales$11,614
 $10,454
 $1,160
 11%
The increase in Asia Pacific vacation ownership contract sales was driven by a 35.522 percent increase in tours, partially offset by an 18a 2 percent decrease in VPG. The increase in tours included an increase of approximately 12.7 percent due to the change in the financial reporting calendar in 2017, an 18.4a 12 percent increase from the new sales locationlocations in Surfers Paradise, Australia and Bali, Indonesia, and a 4.410 percent increase atfrom the existing sales locations. The decrease in VPG was driven by an increase in sales to first time buyers, which generally have a lower VPG than sales to existing owners. Contract sales at the new sales location in Surfers Paradise, Australia are not reported as sale of vacation ownership products until closing.

20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales      $26,127
 $23,562
 $2,565
 11%
Vacation ownership$23,562
 $19,880
 $3,682
 19%
Total contract sales$23,562
 $19,880
 $3,682
 19%
The increase in Asia Pacific vacation ownership contract sales was driven by a 50.015 percent increase in tours, partially offset by a 214 percent decrease in VPG. The increase in tours included an increase of approximately 13.0 percent due to the change in the financial reporting calendar in 2017, a 31.96 percent increase from the new sales locationlocations in Surfers Paradise, Australia and Bali, Indonesia, and a 5.19 percent increase atfrom the existing sales locations. The decrease in VPG was driven by an increase in sales to first time buyers, which generally have a lower VPG than sales to existing owners. Contract sales at the new sales location in Surfers Paradise, Australia are not reported as sale of vacation ownership products until closing.
Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
20172018 Second Quarter
 Quarter Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) 
Contract sales$11,614
 $10,454
 $1,160
 11%
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability(202) (296) 94
  
Sales reserve(1,170) (2,017) 847
  
Other(1)
(148) (31) (117)  
Sale of vacation ownership products$10,094
 $8,110
 $1,984
 24%
 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Contract sales$13,784
 $11,614
 $2,170
 19%
Plus:       
Settlement revenue(1)
209
 46
 163
  
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability(924) (370) (554)  
Sales reserve(995) (376) (619)  
Other(2)
(420) (632) 212
  
Sale of vacation ownership products$11,654
 $10,282
 $1,372
 13%
_________________________
(1)
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2) 
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.
The decreasehigher sales reserve reflected a higher required reserve in the sales reserve is2018 second quarter due to an unfavorable sales reserve adjustment made inhigher default and delinquency activity as well as the 2016 second quarter to correct an immaterial error with respect to historical static pool data.higher contract closings.
2017
2018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales$23,562
 $19,880
 $3,682
 19%$26,127
 $23,562
 $2,565
 11%
Plus:      
Settlement revenue(1)
223
 91
 132
 
Revenue recognition adjustments:            
Reportability(121) (563) 442
 (720) (785) 65
 
Sales reserve(2,255) (2,636) 381
 (1,677) (2,212) 535
 
Other(1)
(170) (46) (124) 
Other(2)
(1,053) (1,219) 166
 
Sale of vacation ownership products$21,016
 $16,635
 $4,381
 26%$22,900
 $19,437
 $3,463
 18%
_________________________
(1)
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2) 
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.
Revenue reportability had an unfavorable $0.1 million impactThe lower sales reserve reflected a lower required reserve in the 20172018 first half compared to an unfavorable $0.6 million impact in the 2016 first half. The decrease in the sales reserve is due to an unfavorable sales reserve adjustment made in the 2016 second quarter to correct an immaterial error with respect to historical static pool data,lower default and delinquency activity, partially offset by the higher vacation ownership contract sales.closings.

Development Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Sale of vacation ownership products$10,094
 $8,110
 $1,984
 24%$11,654
 $10,282
 $1,372
 13%
Cost of vacation ownership products(1,866) (1,597) (269) (17%)(3,490) (2,184) (1,306) (60%)
Marketing and sales(8,717) (6,695) (2,022) (30%)(9,379) (7,618) (1,761) (23%)
Development margin$(489) $(182) $(307) (169%)$(1,215) $480
 $(1,695) (353%)
Development margin percentage(4.8%) (2.2%) (2.6 pts) (10.4%) 4.7% (15.1 pts) 
The decrease in development margin reflected the following:
$1.5 millionan unfavorable mix of higher marketing and sales costs at the sites other than Surfers Paradise, Australia due to the shift to more first time buyer tours; and
$0.2 million due to a higher average cost of real estate inventory being sold in the 2017 second quarter.
These decreases were partially offset by the following:
$1.0 million from the lower sales reserve activity compared to the 20162018 second quarter, primarily due to the correction of an immaterial error in 2016 with respect to historical static pool data;
$0.2 million of lower marketing and sales costs at the new sales location in Surfers Paradise, Australia due to startup costs incurred in the 2016 second quarter;
$0.1 million from higher favorable product cost true-up activity ($0.4 million in the 2017 second quarter compared to $0.3 million in the 2016 second quarter); and
$0.1 million of favorable revenue reportability compared to the 2016 second quarter.
2017 First Half
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Sale of vacation ownership products$21,016
 $16,635
 $4,381
 26%
Cost of vacation ownership products(3,955) (3,306) (649) (20%)
Marketing and sales(16,918) (12,906) (4,012) (31%)
Development margin$143
 $423
 $(280) (66%)
Development margin percentage0.7% 2.5% (1.8 pts)  
The decrease in development margin reflected the following:
$2.3 million of higher marketing and sales costs at the sites other than Surfers Paradise, Australia due to the shiftsales ramp-up in Bali and tour generation costs to more first time buyer tours; and
$0.2 million from lower favorable product cost true-up activity ($0.5 millionsupport future growth in the 2017 first half compared to $0.7 million in the 2016 first half).
These decreases wereregion, partially offset by the following:
$0.8 million from the lower sales reserve activity compared to the 2016 first half primarily due to the correctionhigher sale of an immaterial error in 2016 with respect to historical static pool data;
$0.7 million of lower marketing and sales costs at the new sales location in Surfers Paradise, Australia due to startup costs incurred in the 2016 first half;
$0.3 million of favorable revenue reportability compared to the 2016 first half;
$0.2 million from higher vacation ownership contract sales volumeproducts revenue net of the sales reserve and direct variable expenses (i.e., cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales);.
2018 First Half
 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Sale of vacation ownership products$22,900
 $19,437
 $3,463
 18%
Cost of vacation ownership products(6,636) (4,242) (2,394) (56%)
Marketing and sales(18,016) (14,381) (3,635) (25%)
Development margin$(1,752) $814
 $(2,566) (315%)
Development margin percentage(7.7%) 4.2% (11.9 pts)  
The decrease in development margin reflected higher marketing and

$0.2 million sales costs due to a lower averagepre-opening expenses and sales ramp-up in Bali and tour generation costs to support future growth in the region, as well as an unfavorable mix of higher cost of real estate inventory being sold in the 20172018 first half.half, partially offset by the higher sale of vacation ownership products revenue net of the sales reserve and direct variable expenses (i.e., cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales).

Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Management fee revenues$694
 $691
 $3
 —%$742
 $694
 $48
 7%
Ancillary revenues
 3,580
 (3,580) (100%)96
 
 96
 NA
Other services revenues336
 141
 195
 138%499
 287
 212
 74%
Resort management and other services revenues1,030
 4,412
 (3,382) (77%)1,337
 981
 356
 36%
Resort management and other services expenses(1,060) (4,145) 3,085
 74%(1,271) (831) (440) (53%)
Resort management and other services margin$(30) $267
 $(297) (111%)$66
 $150
 $(84) (56%)
Resort management and other services margin percentage(2.9%) 6.1% (9.0 pts) 4.9% 15.3% (10.4 pts) 
The decreaseincrease in resort management and other services revenues reflected $3.6$0.2 million of lowerhigher annual club dues and other revenues and 0.1 million of higher ancillary revenues fromassociated with the operating propertynew resort in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portion of which was disposed of in the second quarter of 2016), partially offset by higher other services revenues ($0.2 million).Bali, Indonesia. The declineincrease in the resort management and other services marginexpenses primarily reflected 0.3 million of higher customer service expenses and expenses associated with the MVCD program, as well as ancillary profit fromexpenses associated with the operating propertynew resort in Surfers Paradise, Australia in the 2016 second quarter (compared to no ancillary activity in the 2017 second quarter).Bali, Indonesia.
2018 First Half
 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Management fee revenues$1,514
 $1,386
 $128
 9%
Ancillary revenues141
 
 141
 NA
Other services revenues995
 537
 458
 85%
Resort management and other services revenues2,650
 1,923
 727
 38%
Resort management and other services expenses(2,382) (1,703) (679) (40%)
Resort management and other services margin$268
 $220
 $48
 22%
Resort management and other services margin percentage10.1% 11.4% (1.3 pts)  
The ancillary revenue producing portions of the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia were included in the portion of the operating property sold in the second quarter of 2016. Therefore, we do not anticipate future ancillary revenues or expenses at this property.
2017 First Half
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Management fee revenues$1,386
 $1,235
 $151
 12%
Ancillary revenues
 6,238
 (6,238) (100%)
Other services revenues647
 305
 342
 112%
Resort management and other services revenues2,033
 7,778
 (5,745) (74%)
Resort management and other services expenses(2,153) (7,646) 5,493
 72%
Resort management and other services margin$(120) $132
 $(252) (191%)
Resort management and other services margin percentage(5.9%) 1.7% (7.6 pts)  
The decreaseincrease in resort management and other services revenues reflected $6.2$0.5 million of lowerhigher annual club dues and other revenues, 0.1 million of higher ancillary revenues fromassociated with the operating propertynew resort in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portionBali, Indonesia and $0.1 million of which was disposed of in the second quarter of 2016), partially offset by increases inhigher management fees ($0.2 million) and other services revenues ($0.3 million).fees. The declineincrease in the resort management and other services marginexpenses primarily reflected $0.80.4 million of ancillary profit fromhigher customer service expenses and expenses associated with the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia in the 2016 first half (compared to no ancillary activity in the 2017 first half), partially offset by the higher management feesMVCD program, as well as lower other spendingancillary expenses associated with the new resort in the 2017 first half compared to the 2016 first half.Bali, Indonesia.
The ancillary revenue producing portions of the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia were included in the portion of the operating property sold in the second quarter of 2016. Therefore, we do not anticipate future ancillary revenues or expenses at this property.

Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Rental revenues$2,644
 $4,828
 $(2,184) (45%)$2,059
 $2,046
 $13
 1%
Rental expenses(4,097) (6,766) 2,669
 39%(5,019) (4,315) (704) (16%)
Rental margin$(1,453) $(1,938) $485
 25%$(2,960) $(2,269) $(691) (30%)
Rental margin percentage(55.0%) (40.1%) (14.9 pts) (143.8%) (110.9%) (32.9 pts) 
The declineslight increase in rental revenues was due to $2.5 million of lower revenue from the operating propertyan increase in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portion of which was disposed of in the second quarter of 2016),transient keys rented, partially offset by $0.3 million ofa lower average transient rate. The higher revenues at the other resorts in the region. The lower expenses were due to $2.9 million of lower expenses from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portion of which was disposed ofowners choosing alternative usage options and higher unsold maintenance fees in the second quarter of 2016), partially offset by $0.2 million of higher other rental expenses in the 20172018 second quarter.
2017
2018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Rental revenues$6,382
 $10,449
 $(4,067) (39%)$5,384
 $4,950
 $434
 9%
Rental expenses(8,234) (12,554) 4,320
 34%(10,045) (8,641) (1,404) (16%)
Rental margin$(1,852) $(2,105) $253
 12%$(4,661) $(3,691) $(970) (26%)
Rental margin percentage(29.0%) (20.1%) (8.9 pts) (86.6%) (74.6%) (12.0 pts) 
The declineincrease in rental revenues was due to $5.1 million of lower revenue from the operating propertyan increase in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portion of which was disposed of in the second quarter of 2016), partially offset by $1.0 million oftransient keys rented. The higher revenues at the other resorts in the region. The lower expenses were due to $4.9 million of lower expenses from the operating property in Surfers Paradise, Australia (a portion of which was disposed ofowners choosing alternative usage options and higher unsold maintenance fees in the second quarter of 2016), partially offset by $0.6 million of higher other rental expenses in the 20172018 first half.

Europe
The following discussion presents an analysis of our results of operations for the Europe segment for the 2017 second quarter compared to the 2016 second quarter, and the 2017 first half compared to the 2016 first half.segment.
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
REVENUES              
Sale of vacation ownership products$5,069
 $5,867
 $9,645
 $11,027
$4,890
 $6,694
 $7,737
 $9,707
Resort management and other services7,071
 6,448
 11,495
 10,377
7,876
 7,043
 13,212
 11,447
Financing706
 794
 1,455
 1,629
701
 706
 1,440
 1,455
Rental5,554
 4,612
 7,932
 6,771
5,419
 5,223
 8,229
 7,513
Cost reimbursements8,522
 7,983
 16,053
 15,461
12,805
 8,977
 24,601
 23,515
TOTAL REVENUES26,922
 25,704
 46,580
 45,265
31,691
 28,643
 55,219
 53,637
EXPENSES              
Cost of vacation ownership products705
 1,268
 1,366
 2,559
823
 1,137
 1,233
 1,692
Marketing and sales4,528
 5,313
 8,118
 9,199
4,417
 4,177
 8,331
 7,490
Resort management and other services5,496
 5,196
 9,289
 8,751
5,927
 5,227
 10,311
 8,857
Rental4,166
 3,669
 7,456
 6,585
4,437
 4,221
 8,127
 7,549
Litigation settlement1,100
 
 1,208
 
Royalty fee79
 118
 125
 167
71
 79
 111
 125
Cost reimbursements8,522
 7,983
 16,053
 15,461
12,805
 8,977
 24,601
 23,515
TOTAL EXPENSES23,496
 23,547
 42,407
 42,722
29,580
 23,818
 53,922
 49,228
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS$3,426
 $2,157
 $4,173
 $2,543
$2,111
 $4,825
 $1,297
 $4,409
Overview
In our Europe segment, we are focused on selling our existing projects and managing existing resorts. We do not have any current plans for new development in this segment.
Contract Sales
20172018 Second Quarter
 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales$7,390
 $7,580
 $(190) (3%)
2018 First Half
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales      $11,564
 $12,030
 $(466) (4%)
Vacation ownership$7,395
 $9,938
 $(2,543) (26%)
Total contract sales$7,395
 $9,938
 $(2,543) (26%)
The decrease in contract sales was primarily due to several large multi-week purchases in the 2016 second quarter.
2017 First Half
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Contract sales       
Vacation ownership$11,845
 $14,356
 $(2,511) (17%)
Total contract sales$11,845
 $14,356
 $(2,511) (17%)
The decrease in contract sales was primarily due to several large multi-week purchases in the 2016 first half.


Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
20172018 Second Quarter
 Quarter Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) 
Contract sales$7,395
 $9,938
 $(2,543) (26%)
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability(888) (2,308) 1,420
  
Sales reserve(1,335) (1,704) 369
  
Other(1)
(103) (59) (44)  
Sale of vacation ownership products$5,069
 $5,867
 $(798) (14%)
 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017  
Contract sales$7,390
 $7,580
 $(190) (3%)
Less resales contract sales
 (185) 185
  
Contract sales, net of resales7,390
 7,395
 (5)  
Plus:       
Settlement revenue(1)
99
 6
 93
  
Resales revenue(1)
146
 
 146
  
Revenue recognition adjustments:       
Reportability(1,696) 720
 (2,416)  
Sales reserve(850) (936) 86
  
Other(2)
(199) (491) 292
  
Sale of vacation ownership products$4,890
 $6,694
 $(1,804) (27%)
_________________________
(1)
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2) 
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.
20172018 First Half
Year to Date Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Contract sales$11,845
 $14,356
 $(2,511) (17%)$11,564
 $12,030
 $(466) (4%)
Less resales contract sales(328) (185) (143) 
Contract sales, net of resales11,236
 11,845
 (609) 
Plus:      
Settlement revenue(1)
106
 11
 95
 
Resales revenue(1)
222
 
 222
 
Revenue recognition adjustments:            
Reportability(305) (1,343) 1,038
 (2,505) 584
 (3,089) 
Sales reserve(1,789) (1,902) 113
 (1,069) (2,056) 987
 
Other(1)
(106) (84) (22) 
Other(2)
(253) (677) 424
 
Sale of vacation ownership products$9,645
 $11,027
 $(1,382) (13%)$7,737
 $9,707
 $(1,970) (20%)
_________________________
(1)
Previously included in Resort management and other services revenue prior to the adoption of the new Revenue Standard.
(2) 
Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.

Development Margin
20172018 Second Quarter
 Three Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Sale of vacation ownership products$4,890
 $6,694
 $(1,804) (27%)
Cost of vacation ownership products(823) (1,137) 314
 28%
Marketing and sales(4,417) (4,177) (240) (6%)
Development margin$(350) $1,380
 $(1,730) (125%)
Development margin percentage(7.2%) 20.6% (27.8 pts)  
2018 First Half
Quarter Ended Change % Change
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 Six Months Ended Change % Change
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 
Sale of vacation ownership products$5,069
 $5,867
 $(798) (14%)$7,737
 $9,707
 $(1,970) (20%)
Cost of vacation ownership products(705) (1,268) 563
 44%(1,233) (1,692) 459
 27%
Marketing and sales(4,528) (5,313) 785
 15%(8,331) (7,490) (841) (11%)
Development margin$(164) $(714) $550
 77%$(1,827) $525
 $(2,352) (448%)
Development margin percentage(3.2%) (12.2%) 9.0 pts (23.6%) 5.4% (29.0 pts) 
2017 First Half
 Year to Date Ended Change % Change
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days) 
Sale of vacation ownership products$9,645
 $11,027
 $(1,382) (13%)
Cost of vacation ownership products(1,366) (2,559) 1,193
 47%
Marketing and sales(8,118) (9,199) 1,081
 12%
Development margin$161
 $(731) $892
 122%
Development margin percentage1.7% (6.6%) 8.3 pts  


Corporate and Other
Quarter Ended Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(91 days) (84 days) (182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
EXPENSES              
Cost of vacation ownership products$1,896
 $1,808
 $4,131
 $3,763
$2,427
 $1,896
 $4,249
 $4,131
Financing3,449
 2,621
 7,466
 7,201
3,788
 3,449
 8,036
 7,466
General and administrative29,534
 25,361
 57,073
 50,720
32,992
 29,534
 62,427
 57,073
Litigation settlement183
 
 183
 
13
 183
 13
 183
Consumer financing interest5,654
 5,117
 11,592
 10,479
6,172
 5,654
 12,778
 11,592
Royalty fee12,969
 11,475
 26,075
 22,951
12,218
 12,969
 24,912
 26,075
TOTAL EXPENSES53,685
 46,382
 106,520
 95,114
57,610
 53,685
 112,415
 106,520
Losses and other expense(4) (151) (9) (151)
Losses and other expense, net(6,646) (4) (6,186) (9)
Interest expense(1,757) (2,087) (2,538) (4,069)(4,112) (1,757) (8,429) (2,538)
Other(172) (157) (584) (211)(19,707) (172) (20,367) (584)
TOTAL FINANCIAL RESULTS$(55,618) $(48,777) $(109,651) $(99,545)$(88,075) $(55,618) $(147,397) $(109,651)
Corporate and Other consists of results not specifically attributable to an individual segment, including expenses in support of our financing operations, non-capitalizable development expenses incurred to support overall company development, company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, consumer financing interest expense and the fixed royalty fee payable under the license agreements that we entered intohave with Marriott International in connection with our spin-off from Marriott International.
Total Expenses
20172018 Second Quarter
Total expenses increased $7.3$3.9 million from the 20162017 second quarter. The $7.3$3.9 million increase resulted from $4.2$3.5 million of higher general and administrative expenses, $1.5$0.5 million of higher royalty feesconsumer financing interest expense, $0.5 million of higher cost of vacation ownership products expenses due to the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 that resulted in seven additional days in the 2017 second quarter ($1.0 million)higher development expenses, and a contractual increase late in 2016 in the fixed portion of the royalty fee owed to Marriott International ($0.5 million), $0.8$0.3 million of higher financing expenses due to the increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance, $0.5partially offset by $0.7 million of higher consumer financing interest expense,lower royalty fees due to amendments to our license agreements with Marriott International entered into during the 2018 first quarter and $0.2 million of lower litigation settlements in the 2017 second quarter and $0.1 million of higher cost of vacation ownership products expenses due to higher development expenses.settlement.
General and administrative expenses increased $4.2$3.5 million due to approximately $2.0 million from the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 that resulted in seven additional days in the 2017 second quarterhigher litigation and $2.2 million due totechnology costs as well as higher personnel related and other expenses. The higher personnel related and other expenses included annual merit, bonus and inflationary cost increases.

The $0.5 million increase in consumer financing interest expense was due to a higher average outstanding debt balance, partially offset by a lower average interest rate on the outstanding debt balances. The lower average interest rate reflected the continued pay-down of older securitization transactions that carried higher overall interest rates and the benefit of lower interest rates applicable to our more recently completed securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable.balance.
20172018 First Half
Total expenses increased $11.4$5.9 million from the 20162017 first half. The $11.4$5.9 million increase resulted from $6.4$5.4 million of higher general and administrative expenses, $3.1$1.2 million of higher royalty fees due to the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 that resulted in 14 additional days in the 2017 first half ($1.9 million) and a contractual increase late in 2016 in the fixed portion of the royalty fee owed to Marriott International ($1.2 million), $0.3consumer financing interest expense, $0.6 million of higher financing expenses due to the increase in the average gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance, $1.1 million of higher consumer financing interest expense, $0.4and $0.1 million of higher cost of vacation ownership products expenses due to higher development expenses, partially offset by $1.2 million of lower royalty fees due to amendments to our license agreements with Marriott International entered into during the 2018 first quarter and $0.2 million of lower litigation settlements in the 2017 first half.settlement.

General and administrative expenses increased $6.4$5.4 million due to approximately $4.0 million from the change to an end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle in 2017 that resulted in 14 additional days in the 2017 first halfhigher litigation and $3.8 million due totechnology costs as well as higher personnel related and other expenses, partially offset by $1.4 million of lower litigation related costs.expenses. The higher personnel related and other expenses included annual merit, bonus and inflationary cost increases.
The $1.1$1.2 million increase in consumer financing interest expense was due to a higher average outstanding debt balance, partially offset by a lower average interest rate on the outstanding debt balances. The lower average interest rate reflected the continued pay-down of older securitization transactions that carried higher overall interest rates and the benefit of lower interest rates applicable to our more recently completed securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable.balance.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Footnote No. 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,”Policies” to our Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, including information on new accounting standards and the future adoption of such standards. Further, see Footnote 15 “Adoption Impact of New Revenue Standard” to our Financial Statements for the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09, as amended, on our previously reported historical results.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our capital needs are supported by cash on hand ($85.2547.7 million at the end of the 20172018 second quarter), cash generated from operations, our ability to raise capital through securitizations in the asset-backed securitiesABS market and, to the extent necessary, funds available under the Warehouse Credit Facility and our $200$250.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Corporate Credit Facility”). We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, satisfy debt service requirements, fulfill other cash requirements and return capital to shareholders. At the end of the 20172018 second quarter, we had $789.7 million$1.4 billion of total gross debt outstanding, which included $621.6 million$1.1 billion of non-recourse debt associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, $230.0 million of Convertible Notes and a $63.6$30.9 million non-interest bearing note payable issued in connection with the acquisition of completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii, a $49.6 million outstanding balance on the non-recourse Warehouse Credit Facility and a $47.5 million outstanding balance on the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility.Hawaii.
At the end of the 20172018 second quarter, we had $739.4$685.5 million of real estate inventory on hand, comprised of $421.1$325.4 million of finished goods, $0.1 million of work in progress, and $318.3$360.0 million of land and infrastructure. In addition, we had $48.7$47.6 million of completed vacation ownership units that have been classified as a component of Property and equipment until the time at which they are legally registered and held for sale as vacation ownership products.
Our vacation ownership product offerings allow us to utilize our real estate inventory efficiently. The majority of our sales are of points-based products, which permits us to sell vacation ownership products at most of our sales locations, including those where little or no weeks-based inventory remains available for sale. Because we no longer need specific resort-based inventory at each sales location, we need to have only a few resorts under construction at any given time and can leverage successful sales locations at completed resorts. This allows us to maintain long-term sales locations and reduces the need to develop and staff on-site sales locations at smaller projects in the future. We believe our points-based programs enable us to align our real estate inventory acquisitions with the pace of sales of vacation ownership products.
We are selectively pursuing growth opportunities in North America and Asia Pacific by targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our system with new on-site sales locations through transactions that limit our up-front capital investment and allow us to purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. These capital efficient deal structures may consist of the development of new inventory, or the conversion of previously built units by third parties, just prior to sale.
We intend for our capital allocation strategy to strike a balance between enhancing our operations and using our capital to provide returns to our shareholders through programs such as share repurchase programs and payment of dividends.

DuringThe following table summarizes the 2017 first half, we had a net decreasechanges in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $69.2 million compared to a net decrease of $82.8 million during the 2016 first half. The following table summarizes these changes:cash:
Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in):      
Operating activities$14,130
 $21,078
$58,453
 $14,130
Investing activities(21,425) 54,596
(18,932) (21,425)
Financing activities(63,865) (155,190)187,363
 (63,865)
Effect of change in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash1,962
 (3,238)707
 1,962
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(69,198) $(82,754)$227,591
 $(69,198)
Cash from Operating Activities
Our primary sources of funds from operations are (1) cash sales and down payments on financed sales, (2) cash from our financing operations, including principal and interest payments received on outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable and (3) net cash generated from our rental and resort management and other services operations. Outflows include spending for the development of new phases of existing resorts, the acquisition of additional inventory and funding our working capital needs.
We minimize our working capital needs through cash management, strict credit-granting policies and disciplined collection efforts. Our working capital needs fluctuate throughout the year given the timing of annual maintenance fees on unsold inventory we pay to property owners’ associations and certain annual compensation-related outflows. In addition, our cash from operations varies due to the timing of our owners’ repayment of vacation ownership notes receivable, the closing of sales contracts for vacation ownership products, financing propensity and cash outlays for real estate inventory acquisition and development.
In the 20172018 first half, we generated $14.1$58.5 million of cash flows from operating activities, compared to $21.1$14.1 million in the 20162017 first half. Excluding the impact of changes in net income and adjustments for non-cash items, the decreasechange in cash flows from operations reflected higher originations driven by higher contract sales and higher financing propensity due to the continued success of the financing incentive programs offered in our North America segment, higher real estatelower inventory spending, and timing of payments related to unsold inventory, partially offset by higher closings on vacation ownership contract sales, higher collections due to an increasing portfolio of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, timing of maintenance fee payments on unsold inventory and lowerincreased deposits on sales contracts for vacation ownership products, partially offset by higher payments related to employee benefits programs.programs, timing of payments to property owners’ associations for maintenance fees collected on their behalf, and higher originations of vacation ownership notes receivable driven by higher contract sales.
In addition to net income and adjustments for non-cash items, the following operating activities are key drivers of our cash flow from operating activities:
Real Estate Inventory Spending Less Than / in Excess of Cost of Sales
 Year to Date Ended
 June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days)
Real estate inventory spending$(65,147) $(78,640)
Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory(33,594) 
Real estate inventory costs81,752
 63,900
Real estate inventory spending in excess of cost of sales
$(16,989) $(14,740)
 Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Inventory spending$(52,145) $(65,147)
Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory
 (33,594)
Inventory costs88,647
 80,751
Inventory spending less than (in excess of) cost of sales$36,502
 $(17,990)
We measure our real estate inventory capital efficiency by comparing the cash outflow for real estate inventory spending (a cash item) to the amount of real estate inventory costs charged to expense on our Income Statements of Income related to sale of vacation ownership products (a non-cash item).
Our real estate inventory spending was less than inventory costs in the 2018 first half even though we satisfied a portion of our commitment to purchase vacation ownership units in our North America segment.We expect our full year inventory spending to be in line with inventory costs. Inventory spending in the 2018 first half included the acquisition of 20 completed vacation ownership units located at our resort in Marco Island, Florida, for $23.9 million, as well as a deposit of $1.9 million for the purchase of completed vacation ownership units located in Bali, Indonesia. We entered into each of these commitments in prior periods as part of our capital efficiency strategy to limit our up-front capital investment and purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. See Footnote 6 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” and Footnote 9 “Contingencies and Commitments” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding these transactions.

Our inventory spending exceeded real estate inventory costs in the 2017 first half as we satisfied a portion of our commitments to purchase vacation ownership units in our North America segment. However, we expect our inventory spending to be in line with inventory costs throughout the remainder of 2017. Real estate inventoryInventory spending included the acquisition of 112 completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii for $27.3 million. In connection with this transaction, we also settled a $0.5 million note receivable from the seller on a non-cash basis, and issued a non-interest bearing note payable for $63.6 million. Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory included the acquisition of 36 completed vacation ownership units located at our resort in Marco Island, Florida, for $33.6 million. We

Our inventory spending increased throughout the remainder of 2017 as we satisfied our commitments to purchase vacation ownership units in our North America and Asia Pacific segments that we had entered into these commitments in prior periods as part of our capital efficiency strategy to limit our up-front capital investment and purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. See Footnote No. 5,6 “Acquisitions and Dispositions,”Dispositions” and Footnote No. 8,9 “Contingencies and Commitments,”Commitments” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding these transactions.
Our real estate inventory spending exceeded real estate inventory costs in the 2016 first half, as a result of our opportunistic acquisition efforts. Real estate inventory spending included $23.5 million for the acquisition of an operating property located in the South Beach area of Miami Beach, Florida. We rebranded this property as Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, South Beach and converted it, in its entirety, into vacation ownership inventory. See Footnote No. 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions,” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding this transaction.
Through our existing vacation ownership interest repurchase program, we proactively buy back previously sold vacation ownership interests at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. By repurchasing inventory in desirable locations, we expect to be able to stabilize the future cost of vacation ownership products.
Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Collections Less Than New MortgagesOriginations
Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — non-securitized$41,307
 $38,229
$49,742
 $41,307
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — securitized95,424
 82,319
105,515
 95,424
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(227,643) (124,318)(233,061) (228,048)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections less than originations$(90,912) $(3,770)$(77,804) $(91,317)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections include principal from non-securitized and securitized vacation ownership notes receivable. Vacation ownership notes receivable collections increased during the 20172018 first half, as compared to the 20162017 first half, due to an increase in the portfolio of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable. Vacation ownership notes receivable originations in the 20172018 first half increased due to higher vacation ownership contract sales, including the change in the quarterly reporting cycle, and an increaseoffset partially by a decrease in financing propensity to 62.2 percent for the 2018 first half compared to 64.4 percent for the 2017 first half compared to 56.2 percent for the 2016 first half, due to the continued success of the financing incentive programs that we offer in our North America segment. Given the success of these incentives to date, we expect financing propensity levels during the 2017 fiscal year to approximate 60 to 65 percent as we intend to continue to offer financing incentive programs.half.
Cash from Investing Activities
Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Capital expenditures for property and equipment (excluding inventory)$(11,344) $(15,142)$(7,490) $(11,344)
Purchase of company owned life insurance(10,092) 
(11,562) (10,092)
Dispositions, net11
 69,738
120
 11
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities$(21,425) $54,596
Net cash used in investing activities$(18,932) $(21,425)
Capital Expenditures for Property and Equipment
Capital expenditures for property and equipment relate to spending for technology development, buildings and equipment used at sales locations and ancillary offerings, such as food and beverage offerings, at locations where such offerings are provided.
In the 2018 first half, capital expenditures for property and equipment of $7.5 million included $5.0 million to support business operations (including $1.9 million for ancillary and other operations assets and $3.1 million for sales locations) and $2.4 million for technology spending.
In the 2017 first half, capital expenditures for property and equipment of $11.3 million included $10.5 million to support business operations (including $5.7 million for ancillary and other operations assets and $4.8 million for sales locations) and $0.8 million for technology spending.
In the 2016 first half, capital expenditures for property and equipment of $15.1 million included $11.3 million to support business operations (including $10.7 million for sales locations and $0.6 million for ancillary and other operations assets) and $3.8 million for technology spending.

Purchase of Company Owned Life Insurance
To support our ability to meet a portion of our obligations under the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), we acquired company owned insurance policies on the lives of certain participants in the Deferred Compensation Plan, the proceeds of which are intended to be aligned with the investment alternatives elected by plan participants as discussed in Footnote No. 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, to our Financial Statements.participants. During the 20172018 first half, we paid $10.1$11.6 million for the acquisition ofto acquire these policies.
Dispositions, net
Dispositions in the 2016 first half related to the sale of the portion of an operating property located in Surfers Paradise, Australia we acquired during 2015 that we did not intend to convert into vacation ownership inventory for $50.3 million, the sale of excess inventory at the RCC San Francisco for $19.3 million and the sale of undeveloped land in Absecon, New Jersey for $0.1 million.
Cash from Financing Activities
Year to Date Ended
June 30, 2017 June 17, 2016Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)(182 days) (168 days)June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Borrowings from securitization transactions$50,260
 $91,281
$423,000
 $50,260
Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions(117,400) (84,040)(154,271) (117,400)
Borrowings from Revolving Corporate Credit Facility60,000
 85,000

 60,000
Repayment of Revolving Corporate Credit Facility(12,500) (40,000)
 (12,500)
Repayment of non-interest bearing note payable(32,680) 
Debt issuance costs(1,219) (231)(6,578) (1,219)
Repurchase of common stock(3,868) (163,359)(1,882) (3,868)
Accelerated stock repurchase forward contract
 (14,470)
Payment of dividends(28,552) (26,067)(31,927) (28,552)
Payment of withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock units(9,962) (3,876)(8,312) (9,962)
Other, net(624) 572
13
 (624)
Net cash used in financing activities$(63,865) $(155,190)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$187,363
 $(63,865)
Borrowings from / Repayment of Debt Related to Securitization Transactions
We reflect proceeds from securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable, including draw downs on the Warehouse Credit Facility, as “Borrowings from securitization transactions.” We reflect repayments of bonds associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations and repayments on the Warehouse Credit Facility (including vacation ownership notes receivable repurchases) as “Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions.”
During the 2018 first half, we completed the securitization of a pool of $436.1 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. Approximately $327.1 million of the vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased on June 28, 2018 by the 2018-1 Trust, and we expect the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable to be purchased by the 2018-1 Trust prior to September 30, 2018. As of June 28, 2018, the 2018-1 Trust held $105.8 million of the proceeds, which will be released as the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable are purchased. On July 26, 2018, subsequent to the second quarter of 2018, the 2018-1 Trust purchased $56.5 million of the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable and $54.8 million was released from restricted cash. Any funds not used to purchase vacation ownership notes receivable will be returned to the investors. See Footnote 10 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding this transaction.
At June 30, 2018, $39.6 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization. See Footnote 10 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding our Warehouse Credit Facility.
During the 2017 first half, we securitized vacation ownership notes receivable under our Warehouse Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the vacation ownership notes receivable securitized was $59.1 million. The advance rate was 85 percent, which resulted in gross proceeds of $50.3 million. Net proceeds were $50.0 million due to the funding of reserve accounts in the amount of $0.3 million.
AtBorrowings from / Repayment of Revolving Corporate Credit Facility
There were no amounts outstanding under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility as of June 30, 2017, $239.7 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization.2018. See Footnote No. 9, “Debt,”10 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding our Warehouse Credit Facility.
In the 2016 first half, we securitized vacation ownership notes receivable under our Warehouse Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the vacation ownership notes receivable securitized was $107.7 million. The advance rate was 85 percent, which resulted in gross proceeds of $91.3 million. Net proceeds were $90.6 million due to the funding of reserve accounts in the amount of $0.7 million.
Borrowings from / Repayment of Revolving Corporate Credit FacilityFacility.
During the 2017 first half, we borrowed $60.0 million under our $200.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Previous Revolving Corporate Credit FacilityFacility”) to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs, of which $47.5 million was outstanding as of June 30, 2017. Subsequent to the end of the 2017 second quarter, we borrowed $27.5 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs. See Footnote No. 9, “Debt,” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility.

Debt Issuance Costs
In the 2018 first half, we paid $6.6 million of debt issuance costs, which included $5.6 million associated with the 2018 vacation ownership notes receivable securitization and $1.0 million of debt issuance costs associated with the amendment and extension of the Warehouse Credit Facility.
In the 2017 first half, we incurred $1.2 million of debt issuance costs which were associated with the amendment and extension of the Warehouse Credit Facility.

Repayment of Other Debt
In the 2018 first half, we paid $32.7 million on the non-interest bearing note payable related to the acquisition of 112 completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii in 2017. See Footnote 6 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” and Footnote 9 “Contingencies and Commitments” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding this transaction.
Share Repurchase Program
The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our current share repurchase program:
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)Number of Shares Repurchased Cost of Shares Repurchased Average Price Paid per Share
As of December 30, 20169,672,629
 $608,439
 $62.90
For the 2017 first half32,500
 3,868
 119.01
As of June 30, 20179,705,129
 $612,307
 $63.09
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)Number of Shares Repurchased Cost of Shares Repurchased Average Price Paid per Share
As of December 31, 201710,440,505
 $696,744
 $66.73
For the first half of 201813,969
 1,882
 134.70
As of June 30, 201810,454,474
 $698,626
 $66.83
See Footnote No. 10,11 “Shareholders’ Equity,”Equity” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our share repurchase program. The Merger Agreement prohibits us from repurchasing shares of our common stock without ILG’s consent.
Dividends
We distributed cash dividends to holders of common stock during the 20172018 first half as follows:
Declaration Date Shareholder Record Date Distribution Date Dividend per Share
December 9, 20167, 2017 December 22, 201621, 2017 January 4, 20172018 $0.350.40
February 9, 2017February 23, 201716, 2018 March 9, 20171, 2018March 15, 2018 $0.350.40
May 11, 201714, 2018 May 25, 201728, 2018 June 8, 201711, 2018 $0.350.40
We currently expect to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to Board approval, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. In addition, our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility contains restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit dividend payments. The Merger Agreement restricts our ability to pay dividends other than our regular quarterly dividends until the pending ILG acquisition is completed. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of the Convertible Notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at the same rate or at all.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There have been no significant changes toThe following table summarizes our “Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements”contractual obligations as reported in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2016, other than those discussed below.
As of June 30, 2017, net debt increased by $36.4 million to $773.6 million compared to $737.2 million at December 30, 2016, mainly due to a $58.8 million non-interest bearing note payable, net of unamortized discount, issued in connection with the acquisition of completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii (see Footnote No. 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions,” to our Financial Statements for additional information on this transaction), a $47.5 million outstanding balance on the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility and $50.3 million of net proceeds drawn on the non-recourse Warehouse Credit Facility. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $117.4 million related to repayments of non-recourse debt associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations. See Footnote No. 9, “Debt,” to our Financial Statements for additional information.2018:
Subsequent to the end of the 2017 second quarter, we borrowed $27.5 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs.
    Payments Due by Period
($ in thousands) Total Remainder
of 2018
 Years
2019 - 2020
 Years
2021 - 2022
 Thereafter
Contractual Obligations          
Debt(1)
 $1,559,201
 $72,271
 $316,253
 $514,817
 $655,860
Purchase obligations(2)
 495,176
 18,212
 405,200
 69,782
 1,982
Operating leases 87,497
 8,725
 27,249
 16,036
 35,487
Capital Lease Obligations(3)
 7,402
 181
 7,221
 
 
Other long-term obligations 903
 903
 
 
 
Total contractual obligations $2,150,179
 $100,292
 $755,923
 $600,635
 $693,329
As of June 30, 2017, future debt payments to be paid out of collections from our vacation ownership notes receivable, including principal and interest, totaled $742.5 million and were due as follows: $54.7 million remaining in 2017; $100.9 million in 2018; $91.5 million in 2019; $126.6 million in 2020; $81.0 million in 2021; and $287.8 million thereafter._________________________
During the 2017 second quarter, we paid $33.3 million related to a previous commitment to acquire 36 completed vacation ownership units located at our resort in Marco Island, Florida. We have a remaining commitment of $102.2 million to purchase vacation ownership units located at this resort, which we expect will be paid as follows: $50.0 million in 2018 and $52.2 million in 2019. See Footnote No. 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions,” and Footnote No. 12, “Variable Interest Entities,” to our Financial Statements for additional information on this transaction.

During the 2017 second quarter, we paid $27.3 million in cash, settled a $0.5 million note receivable from the seller on a non-cash basis, and issued a non-interest bearing note payable for $63.6 million, related to a previous commitment, to acquire 112 completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii. See Footnote No. 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions,” to our Financial Statements for additional information on this transaction.
We have new operating lease commitments that expire in 2029. Our aggregate minimum lease payments under these contracts are $17.6 million, of which we expect $0.2 million, $0.4 million, $1.7 million, $1.7 million, $1.9 million and $11.7 million will be paid in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and thereafter, respectively.
(1)
Includes principal as well as interest payments and excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.
(2)
Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure, and approximate timing of the transaction. Amounts reflected in the table above represent expected funding under such contracts. Amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.
(3)
Includes interest.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires assumptions to be made that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made; and (2) changes in the estimate, or different estimates that could have been selected, could have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions, estimates or assessments as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. We have discussed those estimates that we believe are critical and require the use of complex judgment in their application in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Since the date of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies or the methodologies or assumptions we apply under them.them, except those resulting from our adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” as amended, which are discussed in Footnote 2 “Revenue” to our interim consolidated financial statements presented in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our exposure to market risk has not changed materially from that disclosed in Part I, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2016.31, 2017.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
AsDuring June 2018, we identified fraudulently induced electronic disbursements we made to third parties in an aggregate amount of $9.9 million resulting from unauthorized third-party access to our email system. In consultation with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, management has concluded that our controls to prevent improper electronic funds transfers were not designed effectively, resulting in a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the endannual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because management concluded that the material weakness described above existed, we have concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, weTreadway Commission. We evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”))amended), and management necessarily applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits ofconcluded that such controls and procedures, which by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance about management’s control objectives. Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. However, you should note that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure you that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. Based upon the foregoing evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective and operating to provide reasonable assurance that we record, process, summarize and report the information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act within the time periods specified in the rules and formsas of the SEC, and to provide reasonable assurance that we accumulate and communicate such information to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions about required disclosure.end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, based on the identification of the material weakness described above.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Immediately after identification of the fraudulently induced disbursements, management implemented additional controls intended to prevent fraudulently induced electronic disbursements, including additional verification and documentation procedures with respect to electronic disbursements. We believe these enhancements have increased the ability of our associates to identify and prevent fraudulently induced electronic disbursements and that these actions have improved our internal controls over financial reporting. The reliability of internal control processes requires repeatable execution and the identified material weakness will be considered fully remediated when these internal control enhancements have been in operation for a sufficient period of time for our management to conclude that the material weakness has been successfully remediated, which will likely occur in the third quarter of 2018.
There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
Currently, and from time to time, we are subject to claims in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, the legal actions discussed in Footnote No. 8,9 “Contingencies and Commitments,”Commitments” to our Financial Statements. While management presently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, cash flows, or overall trends in results of operations, legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and unfavorable rulings could, individually or in aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes fromto the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of (a) our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016.31, 2017 (our “2017 10-K”) and (b) our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2018, other than as set forth below. The first two risk factors set forth below reflect revisions to the prior versions of such risk factors that appeared in our 2017 10-K. The final risk factor set forth below was originally disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 19, 2018 and is repeated here for ease of reference.
Failure to maintain the integrity of internal or customer data, or to protect our systems from cyber attacks and similar incidents, could result in faulty business decisions or operational inefficiencies, damage our reputation and/or subject us to costs, fines or lawsuits.
We collect and retain large volumes of internal and customer data, including social security numbers, credit card numbers and other personally identifiable information of our customers in various internal information systems and information systems of our service providers. We also maintain personally identifiable information about our employees. The integrity and protection of that customer, employee and company data is critical to us. We could make faulty decisions if that data is inaccurate or incomplete. Our customers and employees also have a high expectation that we and our service providers will adequately protect their personal information. The regulatory environment as well as the requirements imposed on us by the payment card industry surrounding information, security and privacy is also increasingly demanding, in both the United States and other jurisdictions in which we operate. Our systems may be unable to satisfy changing regulatory and payment card industry requirements and employee and customer expectations, or may require significant additional investments or time in order to do so.
Our information systems and records, including those we maintain with our service providers, may be subject to security breaches, cyber attack or cyber-intrusion, system failures, viruses, operator error or inadvertent releases of data. Data breaches have increased in recent years as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions have increased. We must continuously monitor and enhance our information security controls to prevent, detect, and contain unauthorized activity, access, misuse and malicious software. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventive measures. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to gain access to our systems or facilities through fraud, trickery or other forms of deceiving our associates, owners, customers or other users of our systems. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures, and, even if such measures are implemented and appropriate training is conducted in support of such measures, human errors compromising the efficacy of such measures may still occur. As a result, current or future security measures may not prevent any or all breaches and we may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against, detect and remedy any potential or existing breaches and their consequences. For example, in June 2018, we identified fraudulently induced electronic payment disbursements we made to third parties in an aggregate amount of $9.9 million resulting from unauthorized third-party access to our email system. A significant cyberattack or theft, loss, or fraudulent use of customer, employee or company data maintained by us or by a service provider could adversely impact our reputation and could result in remedial and other expenses, fines or litigation. For example, failure to comply with Europe’s new GDPR, which became effective in May 2018, could result in fines of up to 4 percent of annual worldwide “turnover” (a measure similar to revenues in the United States). A breach in the security of our information systems or those of our service providers could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits.

Inadequate or failed technologies could lead to interruptions in our operations, which may materially adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Our operations depend on our ability to maintain existing systems and implement new technologies, which includes allocating sufficient resources to periodically upgrade our information technology systems, and to protect our equipment and the information stored in our databases against both manmade and natural disasters, as well as power losses, computer and telecommunications failures, technological breakdowns, unauthorized intrusions, cyber-attacks, and other events. Conversions to new information technology systems require effective change management processes and may result in cost overruns, delays or business interruptions. If our information technology systems are disrupted, subject to a cyber attack or other unauthorized intrusion, become obsolete or do not adequately support our strategic, operational or compliance needs, our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows may be adversely affected. In addition to financial consequences, disruptions to our information technology systems may materially impact our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting in future periods.
Spanish court rulings invalidating timeshare contracts have increased our exposure to litigation and such litigation may materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
A series of Spanish court rulings over the past several years invalidating timeshare contracts have increased our exposure to litigation and such litigation may materially adversely affect our business and financial condition. These rulings have invalidated timeshare contracts entered into after January 1999 related to certain resorts in Spain if the timeshare structure of those resorts did not meet requirements prescribed by Spanish timeshare laws enacted in 1998, even if the structure was lawful prior to 1998 and adapted to the 1998 laws pursuant to mechanisms specified in the 1998 laws. These rulings have led to an increase in lawsuits by owners seeking to invalidate timeshare contracts in Spain, including a number of such lawsuits filed by owners at two of our resorts in Spain that have been decided in favor of the owners. If additional owners at our resorts in Spain file similar lawsuits, this may: result in the invalidation of those owners’ timeshare contracts entered into after January 1999; cause us to incur material litigation and other costs, including judgment or settlement payments; and materially adversely affect the results of operation of our Europe segment, as well as our business and financial condition. Members of the vacation ownership industry disagree with these rulings and are seeking to introduce legislation that will implement a more balanced approach. However, there can be no assurance that this new legislation will be enacted. The timeshare laws, regulations and policies in Spain may continue to change or be subject to different interpretations in the future, including in ways that could negatively impact our business.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased 
Average
Price per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)
 
Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
April 1, 2017 – April 30, 2017
 $— 
 1,227,371
May 1, 2017 – May 31, 2017
 $— 
 1,227,371
June 1, 2017 – June 30, 201732,500
 $119.01 32,500
 1,194,871
Total32,500
 $119.01 32,500
 1,194,871
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased
Average
Price per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)
Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
April 1, 2018 – April 30, 2018$—1,445,526
May 1, 2018 – May 31, 2018$—1,445,526
June 1, 2018 – June 30, 2018$—1,445,526
Total$—1,445,526
_________________________
(1) 
On August 1, 2017,May 14, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchaseextension of up to 1.0 million additional sharesthe duration of our common stock under our existing share repurchase program as a result of which approximately 2.0 million shares are currently available for repurchase, and extended the program through MayDecember 31, 2018. Prior to that authorization,As of June 30, 2018, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of an aggregate of up to 10.911.9 million shares of our common stock under the share repurchase program since the initiation of the program in October 2013. The Merger Agreement prohibits us from repurchasing shares of our common stock without ILG’s consent.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information
None.
Item 6.    Exhibits
ExhibitsAll documents referenced below are being filed or furnished as a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are listed onunless otherwise noted.
Exhibit Number Description 
Filed
Herewith
 Incorporation By Reference From
   Form Exhibit Date Filed
 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 30, 2018, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, ILG, Inc., Ignite Holdco, Inc., Ignite Holdco Subsidiary, Inc., Volt Merger Sub, Inc., and Volt Merger Sub LLC*   8-K 2.1 5/1/2018
 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation   8-K 3.1 11/22/2011
 Restated Bylaws of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation   8-K 3.2 11/22/2011
 Voting and Support Agreement dated as of April 30, 2018, by and among ILG, Inc., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Qurate Retail, Inc., and Liberty USA Holdings, LLC   8-K 10.1 5/1/2018
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 X      
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 X      
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Furnished
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Furnished
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. Electronically Submitted
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document Electronically Submitted
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document Electronically Submitted
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document Electronically Submitted
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Electronically Submitted
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document Electronically Submitted
* Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplemental copies to the SEC of any omitted schedule upon request by the SEC.
We have submitted electronically the Indexfollowing documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) as Exhibit 101 to Exhibits on page E-1, which is incorporated by reference herein.this report: (i) the Interim Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017; (ii) the Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017; (iii) the Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; and (iv) the Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017.


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
  MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
   
August 3, 20172, 2018 /s/ Stephen P. Weisz
  Stephen P. Weisz
  President and Chief Executive Officer
   
  /s/ John E. Geller, Jr.
  John E. Geller, Jr.
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial and Administrative Officer

INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
No.
Description
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2011).
Restated Bylaws of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2011).
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
We have attached the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) as Exhibit 101 to this report: (i) the Interim Consolidated Statements of Income for the 91 days ended June 30, 2017 and the 84 days ended June 17, 2016, as well as the 182 days ended June 30, 2017 and the 168 days ended June 17, 2016; (ii) the Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the 91 days ended June 30, 2017 and the 84 days ended June 17, 2016, as well as the 182 days ended June 30, 2017 and the 168 days ended June 17, 2016; (iii) the Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2017 and December 30, 2016; and (iv) the Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the 182 days ended June 30, 2017 and the 168 days ended June 17, 2016.



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