UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

~~[X]~~ ☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019

~~[ ]~~ ☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from _____________ to _____________

Commission file number 001-37569

Strongbridge Biopharma plc

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Ireland

98-1275166

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

900 Northbrook Drive

Suite 200

Trevose, PA 19053

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: +1 610‑254‑9200

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:


Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share	SBBP	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ~~[X]~~☒ No ~~[ ]~~☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ~~[X]~~☒ No ~~[ ]~~☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer	~~[ ]~~☐	Accelerated Filer	~~[X]~~☒

Non-Accelerated Filer	~~[ ]~~☐	Smaller Reporting Company	~~[X]~~☒

		Emerging Growth Company	~~[X]~~☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ~~[X]~~☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ~~[ ]~~☐ No ~~[X]~~

☒

As of ~~April~~October 29, 2019, there were ~~54,172,061~~54,205,852 ordinary shares of the registrant issued and outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I.	Financial Information	1

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018	1
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)	2
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (unaudited)	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow for the ~~Three~~Nine Months Ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)	4
	Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	5

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	2224
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2224

PART II.	Other Information	2325

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	2325
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	2325
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	2527
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	2527
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	2527
Item 5.	Other Information	2528
Item 6.	Exhibits	2528

SIGNATURES		2629

Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) are referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but absence of such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. The trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report are the property of their respective owners.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

STRONGBRIDGE BIOPHARMA plc

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	104,306	$	122,490	$	79,608	$	122,490
Accounts receivable		3,916		1,626		3,362		1,626
Inventory		4,202		3,946		2,399		3,946
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,726		4,236		2,079		4,236
Total current assets		115,150		132,298		87,448		132,298
Property and equipment, net		292		294		280		294
Right of use assets, net		1,046		—		867		—
Intangible asset, net		28,876		30,132		26,366		30,132
Goodwill		7,256		7,256		7,256		7,256
Other assets		862		305		743		305
Total assets	$	153,482	$	170,285	$	122,960	$	170,285
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	7,494	$	1,184	$	1,961	$	1,184
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities		14,854		16,065
Accrued and other current liabilities						18,648		16,065
Total current liabilities		22,348		17,249		20,609		17,249
Warrant liability		17,333		15,513		5,434		15,513
Supply agreement liability, noncurrent		15,454		24,568		16,099		24,568
Other long-term liabilities		1,364		—		1,177		—
Total liabilities		56,499		57,330		43,319		57,330
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Deferred shares, $1.098 par value, 40,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		44		44
Ordinary shares, $0.01 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 54,167,948 and 54,122,074 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		542		541
Deferred shares, $1.098 par value, 40,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018						44		44
Ordinary shares, $0.01 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 54,205,852 and 54,122,074 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018						542		541
Additional paid-in capital		325,863		323,402		330,558		323,402
Accumulated deficit		(229,466)		(211,032)		(251,503)		(211,032)
Total stockholders’ equity		96,983		112,955		79,641		112,955
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	153,482	$	170,285	$	122,960	$	170,285

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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STRONGBRIDGE BIOPHARMA plc

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31				September 30				September 30
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues:
Net product sales	$	4,333	$	3,870	$	5,677	$	5,347	$	16,083	$	13,513
Royalty revenues		10		—		7		—		23		—
Total revenues		4,343		3,870		5,684		5,347		16,106		13,513

Cost and expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	$	813	$	667	$	1,001	$	1,441	$	2,836	$	2,861
Selling, general and administrative		12,100		12,362		12,806		19,564		37,088		47,137
Research and development		6,583		4,881		7,552		7,198		22,874		17,532
Amortization of intangible assets		1,256		1,769		1,255		1,876		3,766		5,517
Total cost and expenses		20,752		19,679		22,614		30,079		66,564		73,047
Operating loss		(16,409)		(15,809)		(16,930)		(24,732)		(50,458)		(59,534)
Other expense, net:
Other income, net:
Income from field services agreement		2,016		—		1,725		—		5,466		—
Expense from field services agreement		(2,229)		—		(1,672)		—		(5,659)		—
Unrealized loss on fair value of warrants		(1,820)		(9,700)
Unrealized gain on fair value of warrants						3,202		7,131		10,079		16,448
Interest expense		—		(2,874)		—		(3,387)		—		(9,550)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		(500)		—		—		—		(500)
Other income, net		685		160		576		430		1,869		932
Total other expense, net		(1,348)		(12,914)
Total other income, net						3,831		4,174		11,755		7,330
Loss before income taxes		(17,757)		(28,723)		(13,099)		(20,558)		(38,703)		(52,204)
Income tax expense		(677)		—		(691)		—		(1,768)		(1)
Net loss	$	(18,434)	$	(28,723)	$	(13,790)	$	(20,558)		(40,471)		(52,205)

Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(18,434)	$	(28,723)
Basic					$	(13,790)	$	(20,558)	$	(40,471)	$	(52,205)
Diluted					$	(16,992)	$	(27,690)	$	(50,550)	$	(68,653)
Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.34)	$	(0.66)
Basic					$	(0.25)	$	(0.44)	$	(0.75)	$	(1.14)
Diluted					$	(0.31)	$	(0.55)	$	(0.91)	$	(1.37)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders:
Basic and diluted		54,155,034		43,620,746
Basic						54,192,710		46,978,472		54,174,629		45,916,177
Diluted						54,540,646		50,317,423		55,844,719		49,985,483

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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STRONGBRIDGE BIOPHARMA plc

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) ~~Equity~~

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)


							Additional				Total								Additional				Total
	Ordinary Shares			Deferred Shares			Paid-In		Accumulated		Shareholders’		Ordinary Shares			Deferred Shares			Paid-In		Accumulated		Shareholders’
													Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Equity (Deficit)
Balance—June 30, 2018													46,710,048	$	467	40,000	$	44	$	282,881	$	(274,530)	$	8,862
Net loss													—		—	—		—		—		(20,558)		(20,558)
Stock-based compensation													—		—	—		—		2,116		—		2,116
Exercise of warrants													470,000		5	—		—		3,309		—		3,314
Exercise of stock options													5,000		*	—		—		20		—		20
Issuance of shares in connection with at-the-market facility, net of costs													—		—	—		—		(10)		—		(10)
Balance—September 30, 2018													47,185,048	$	472	40,000	$	44	$	288,316	$	(295,088)	$	(6,256)
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		(Deficit) Equity
Balance—December 31, 2017	40,149,812	$	401	40,000	$	44	$	230,524	$	(242,883)	$	(11,914)	40,149,812	$	401	40,000	$	44	$	230,524	$	(242,883)	$	(11,914)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(28,723)		(28,723)	—		—	—		—		—		(52,205)		(52,205)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		1,688		—		1,688	—		—	—		—		5,789		—		5,789
Issuance of shares, net of offering costs	5,255,683		53	—		—		33,455		—		33,508	5,255,683		53	—		—		33,455		—		33,508
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	89,163		1	—		—		(429)		—		(428)
Issuance of shares in connection with at-the-market facility, net of costs													1,172,557		12	—		—		7,939		—		7,951
Exercise of warrants													470,000		5	—		—		3,309				3,314
Issuance of warrants related to loan agreements													—		—	—		—		7,663		—		7,663
Exercise of stock options	37,169		*	—		—		59		—		59	45,007		*	—		—		79		—		79
Issuance of warrants related to loan agreements	—		—	—		—		7,663		—		7,663
Balance—March 31, 2018	45,531,827	$	455	40,000	$	44	$	272,960	$	(271,606)	$	1,853
Ordinary shares issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes													91,989		1	—		—	��	(442)		—		(441)
Balance—September 30, 2018													47,185,048	$	472	40,000	$	44	$	288,316	$	(295,088)	$	(6,256)

Balance—June 30, 2019													54,186,268	$	542	40,000	$	44	$	328,416	$	(237,713)	$	91,289
Net loss													—		—	—		—		—		(13,790)		(13,790)
Stock-based compensation													—		—	—		—		2,175		—		2,175
Ordinary shares issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes													19,584		*	—		—		(33)		—		(33)
Balance—September 30, 2019													54,205,852	$	542	40,000	$	44	$	330,558	$	(251,503)	$	79,641

Balance—December 31, 2018	54,122,074	$	541	40,000	$	44	$	323,402	$	(211,032)	$	112,955	54,122,074	$	541	40,000	$	44	$	323,402	$	(211,032)	$	112,955
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(18,434)		(18,434)	—		—	—		—		—		(40,471)		(40,471)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		2,323		—		2,323	—		—	—		—		7,070		—		7,070
Exercise of stock options	39,728		1	—		—		165		—		166	43,841		1	—		—		178		—		179
Ordinary shares issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	6,146		*	—		—		(27)		—		(27)	39,937		*	—		—		(92)		—		(92)
Balance—March 31, 2019	54,167,948	$	542	40,000	$	44	$	325,863	$	(229,466)	$	96,983
Balance—September 30, 2019													54,205,852	$	542	40,000	$	44	$	330,558	$	(251,503)	$	79,641

* Represents an amount less than $1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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STRONGBRIDGE BIOPHARMA plc

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

(In thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(18,434)	$	(28,723)	$	(40,471)	$	(52,205)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Change in fair value of warrant liability		1,820		9,700		(10,079)		(16,448)
Stock-based compensation		2,323		1,688		7,070		5,789
Amortization of intangible assets		1,256		1,769		3,766		5,517
Interest and related guarantee fees paid in kind		—		766		—		2,890
Amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs		—		314		—		1,109
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		500		—		500
Depreciation		18		3		56		28
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(2,290)		(432)		(1,736)		(958)
Inventory		(649)		(1,150)		1,212		(5,750)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,510		(567)		2,157		(1,134)
Other assets		(1,210)		325		(970)		381
Accounts payable		539		921		777		1,980
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities		(3,191)		(3,133)
Accrued and other liabilities						(4,709)		6,437
Net cash used in operating activities		(18,308)		(18,019)		(42,927)		(51,864)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payment for acquisitions		—		(24,655)		—		(24,655)
Purchases of property and equipment		(15)		—		(42)		(310)
Net cash used in investing activities		(15)		(24,655)		(42)		(24,965)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt, net		—		44,930		—		44,930
Payment for loss on extinguishment of debt		—		(500)		—		(500)
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net		—		33,508		—		33,508
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares in connection with at-the-market offering						—		7,951
Proceeds from exercise of warrants						—		1,175
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		166		59		179		79
Payments related to tax withholding for net-share settled equity awards		(27)		(428)		(92)		(441)
Net cash provided by financing activities		139		77,569		87		86,702
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(18,184)		34,895		(42,882)		9,873
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period		122,490		57,510		122,490		57,510
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	$	104,306	$	92,405	$	79,608	$	67,383
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	—	$	1,642	$	—	$	5,400

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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STRONGBRIDGE BIOPHARMA plc

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization

We are a global, commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of therapies for rare diseases with significant unmet needs.

Our first commercial product is Keveyis (dichlorphenamide), the first and only treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) for hyperkalemic, hypokalemic, and related variants of primary periodic paralysis (“PPP”), a group of rare hereditary disorders that cause episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis.

We have two clinical-stage product candidates for rare endocrine diseases, Recorlev and veldoreotide. Recorlev (levoketoconazole) is a cortisol synthesis inhibitor currently being studied for the treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. Veldoreotide is a next-generation somatostatin analog being investigated for potential applications in conditions amenable to somatostatin receptor activation, such as acromegaly. Both Recorlev and veldoreotide have received orphan designation from the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”).

In January 2018, Strongbridge Ireland Ltd., one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired the U.S. and Canadian rights to Macrilen (macimorelin), the first and only oral drug approved by the FDA for the diagnosis of patients with adult growth hormone deficiency. We launched Macrilen in the United States in July 2018. In December 2018, we sold Strongbridge Ireland Ltd. to Novo Nordisk Healthcare AG (“Novo”) for $145 million plus the right to receive tiered royalties on net sales of Macrilen through 2027. In addition, Strongbridge U.S. Inc, another of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into an agreement with Novo Nordisk Inc., subsidiary of Novo (“NNI”), pursuant to which NNI will fund the costs of 23 of our field-based employees to provide full-time ongoing services to NNI, including the promotion of Macrilen in the United States, for a period of three years.

Liquidity

We believe that our cash resources of ~~$104.3~~$79.6 million at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 will be sufficient to allow us to fund planned operations for at least 12 months beyond the issuance date of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

We may never achieve profitability, and unless and until we do, we will continue to need to raise additional capital. We plan to continue to fund our operations and capital funding needs through equity or debt financing along with revenues from ~~Keveyis and royalty revenues from~~ ~~Macrilen~~.Keveyis. There can be no assurances, however, that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to us.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the operating results and financial position for the periods presented.

The preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Results for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.

~~Table of Contents~~

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the accounting policies and notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal

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year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2019 (the “2018 Annual Report”). Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 of the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2018 Annual Report. Since the date of those financial statements, there have been no changes to our significant accounting policies.

~~Royalty Revenues~~

~~Royalty revenues are from commercial sales of Macrilen by Novo Nordisk Healthcare AG, based on net sales.~~

Leases

We account for leases in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases, (“ASC 842”). We determine if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. A lease exists when a contract conveys to us the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The definition of a lease embodies two conditions: (1) there is an identified asset in the contract that is land or a depreciable asset ~~(i.e.~~(i.e., property, plant, and equipment), and (2) we have the right to control the use of the identified asset.

Operating leases where we are the lessee are included in Right of use (“ROU”) assets and Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The lease liabilities are initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date.

Key estimates and judgments include how we determined (1) the discount rate we use to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value, (2) lease term and (3) lease payments.

ASC 842 requires a lessee to discount its unpaid lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, its incremental borrowing rate. ~~Our~~Because our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest we would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms.

The lease term for all of our leases includes the noncancellable period of the lease. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease asset or liability ~~comprise~~are comprised of our fixed ~~payments~~payments.

The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date less any lease incentives received.

For operating leases, the ROU asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We monitor for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of a lease. If a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in profit or loss.

We have elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for all short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. We recognize the lease payments associated with our short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments associated with these leases are recognized and presented in the same manner as for all our other leases.

~~Table of Contents~~

We adopted ASC 842 using a modified retrospective transition approach as of the effective date, as permitted by the amendments in ASU ~~2018-11, which provides an alternative modified retrospective transition method.~~2018-11. As a result, we were not required to adjust our comparative period financial information for effects of the standard or make the new required lease disclosures for periods before the date of adoption (i.e., January 1, 2019). We have elected to adopt the package of transition practical expedients and, therefore, have not reassessed (1) whether existing or expired contracts contain a lease, (2) lease classification for existing or expired leases or (3) the accounting for initial direct costs that were previously capitalized. We did not elect the practical expedient to

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use hindsight for leases existing at the adoption date. Further, we do not expect the amendments in ASU 2018-01: Land Easement Practical Expedient to have an effect on us because we do not enter into land easement arrangements.

Income and Expense from Field Services Agreement

~~For~~In connection with our sale of Macrilen to Novo, Strongbridge U.S. Inc, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into an agreement with Novo Nordisk Inc., a subsidiary of Novo (“NNI”), pursuant to which NNI agreed to fund the costs of 23 of our field-based employees to provide full-time ongoing services to NNI, including the promotion of Macrilen in the United States, for a period of three years.

Our income and expense under the field services agreement ~~with NNI, our income and expense~~ are ~~being~~ recorded as non-operating income and expense, respectively.

Segment information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. We view our operations and manage our business in one operating segment.

Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to shareholders by the weighted‑average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the period, including any dilutive effect from outstanding stock options or other equity-based awards. Shares used in the diluted net loss per share calculations exclude anti‑dilutive ordinary share equivalents, which currently consist of outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and equity-classified warrants.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018, as they would be anti-dilutive:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Warrants		6,833,253		8,803,253		1,803,253		1,803,253
Stock options issued and outstanding		10,205,851		7,960,469		10,001,799		8,719,156
Unvested RSUs		758,850		173,400		990,700		173,400

Recent accounting pronouncements – not yet adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This standard, which will be effective for us beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, is required to be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We ~~are currently evaluating the~~do not expect any impact from this ~~new accounting guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.~~standard.

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3. Revenue recognition

Product sales, net

We sell Keveyis to one specialty pharmacy provider (the “Customer”), who is the exclusive distributor of Keveyis in the United States. The Customer subsequently resells Keveyis to patients, most of whom are covered by payors that may provide for government-mandated or privately negotiated rebates with respect to the purchase of Keveyis.

Revenues from sales of Keveyis are recognized when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the product to ~~our customers.~~the Customer. Transfer of control occurs upon receipt of the product by the ~~customer.~~Customer. We expense incremental costs related to the set-up of contracts with ~~our customers~~the Customer when incurred, as these costs do not meet the criteria for capitalization.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by product for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. (in thousands):



		Three Months		Three Months
		Ended		Ended
		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Products
Keveyis	$	5,677	$	4,207
Macrilen		—		1,140
Total	$	5,677	$	5,347

		Nine Months		Nine Months
		Ended		Ended
		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Products
Keveyis	$	16,083	$	12,373
Macrilen		—		1,140
Total	$	16,083	$	13,513

Reserves for variable consideration

Revenues from sales of Keveyis are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and that result from rebates, co-pay assistance and other allowances that are offered between us and the patients’ payors. There is no variable consideration reserve for returns as we do not accept returns of Keveyis. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to the Customer) or a current liability (if the amount is payable to a party other than the Customer). Where appropriate, these estimates may take into consideration a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained, and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. We reassess our estimates on an ongoing basis. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we will adjust our estimates. Any such adjustments would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

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Trade Discount: We provide the Customer with a discount that is explicitly stated in our contract and is recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. In addition, we receive sales order management, data and distribution services from the Customer. To the extent the services received are distinct from our sale of Keveyis to the Customer, these payments are classified in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Funded Co-pay Assistance Program: We contract with a third-party to manage the co-pay assistance program intended to provide financial assistance to qualified insured patients. The calculation of the accrual for co-pay assistance is based on an estimate of claims and the cost per claim that we expect to receive associated with Keveyis that has been recognized as revenue, but remains in the distribution channel inventories at the end of each reporting period. These payments are consideration payable to the Customer and the related reserve is recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet.

Government Rebates: We are subject to discount obligations under state Medicaid programs and Medicare. We estimate our Medicaid and Medicare rebates ~~based upon a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted~~ for the estimated patient mix. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability, which is included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet. For Medicaid, accruals are based on estimates of future Medicaid beneficiary utilization applied to the Medicaid unit rebate formula established by the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services. Effective January 1, ~~2011,~~2019, manufacturers of pharmaceutical products are responsible for ~~50%~~70% of the patient’s cost of branded prescription drugs related to the Medicare Part D Coverage Gap. In order to estimate the cost to us of this Medicare

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coverage gap responsibility, we estimate the number of patients in the prescription drug coverage gap for whom we will owe an additional liability under the Medicare Part D program. Our liability for these rebates consists of estimates of claims for the current quarter and estimated future claims that will be made for Keveyis that have been recognized as revenue, but remains in the distribution channel inventories at the end of each reporting period.

Temporary Supply and Patient Assistance Programs: We provide free Keveyis to uninsured patients who satisfy pre-established criteria for either the Temporary Supply Program or the Patient Assistance Program. Patients who meet the Temporary Supply Program eligibility criteria may receive a temporary supply of free Keveyis for no more than sixty days while there is a determination of the patient’s third-party insurance, prescription drug benefit or other third-party coverage for Keveyis. The Patient Assistance Program provides free Keveyis for up to twelve months to uninsured patients who satisfy pre-established criteria for financial need. We do not recognize any revenue related to these free products and the associated costs are classified in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Royalty Revenues

Royalty revenues are ~~from commercial~~based on the net sales of Macrilen which is commercialized by ~~Novo Nordisk Healthcare AG, based on net sales.~~Novo.

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4. Fair value measurement

We follow FASB accounting guidance on fair value measurements for financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. Because of their short-term nature, the amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and accounts payable approximate fair value.

The guidance requires fair value measurements to maximize the use of “observable inputs.” The three-level hierarchy of inputs to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Because of their short-term nature, the amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and accounts payable approximate fair value.

Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable ~~(i.e.~~(i.e., supported by little or no market activity). The fair values of the outstanding warrants were measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Inputs used to determine estimated fair value of the warrant liabilities include the estimated fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation date, the estimated term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates, ~~expected dividends~~ and the expected volatility of the underlying stock. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the warrant liabilities were the volatility rate and the estimated term of the warrants. Generally, increases (decreases) in the fair value of the underlying stock and estimated term would result in a directionally similar impact to the fair value measurement.

We did not have any transfers between the different levels.

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The following table presents our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented (in thousands):


	As of March 31, 2019								As of September 30, 2019
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total		Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash equivalents		103,939		—		—		103,939		79,554		—		—		79,554
Total assets	$	103,939	$	—	$	—	$	103,939	$	79,554	$	—	$	—	$	79,554
Warrant liability		—		—		17,333		17,333		—		—		5,434		5,434
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	17,333	$	17,333	$	—	$	—	$	5,434	$	5,434


	As of December 31, 2018
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash equivalents		122,300		—		—		122,300
Total assets	$	122,300	$	—	$	—	$	122,300
Warrant liability		—		—		15,513		15,513
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	15,513	$	15,513

The following table presents a reconciliation of our level 3 Warrant liability (in thousands):

March 31, 2019

Balance as of 12/31/2018

$
15,513
Unrealized loss on fair value of warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2019

1,820
Balance as of 3/31/2019

$
17,333


		As of September 30, 2019
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	15,513
Unrealized gain on fair value of warrants for the nine months ended September 30, 2019		(10,079)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	5,434

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5. Intangible assets and goodwill

The following represents the balance of our intangible assets as follows (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2019

Beginning of Period

Additions

Sold

Amortization

End of Period

Keveyis

$
30,132

$
—

$
—

$
(1,256)

$
28,876

Goodwill

7,256

—

—

—

7,256

Total

$
37,388

$
—

$
—

$
(1,256)

$
36,132


	As of December 31, 2018										As of September 30, 2019
	Beginning of Period		Additions		Sold		Amortization		End of Period		Beginning of Period		Amortization		End of Period
Keveyis	$	35,155	$	—	$	—	$	(5,023)	$	30,132	$	30,132	$	(3,766)	$	26,366
Macrilen		—		24,834		(22,670)		(2,164)		—
Goodwill		7,256		—		—		—		7,256		7,256		—		7,256
Total	$	42,411	$	24,834	$	(22,670)	$	(7,187)	$	37,388	$	37,388	$	(3,766)	$	33,622

Our ~~finite lived~~finite-lived intangible ~~assets consist~~asset consists of acquired developed product rights obtained from our acquisition of Keveyis (dichlorphenamide) from a subsidiary of Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (“Taro”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement and Supply Agreement that we entered into with Taro in December 2016, we paid Taro an upfront payment in two installments of $1 million in December 2016 and $7.5 million in March 2017. We concluded that the supply price payable by us exceeds fair value and, therefore, used a discounted cash flow method with a probability assumption to value the payments in excess of fair value at $29.3 million, for which we have recorded an intangible asset and corresponding liability. This liability ~~will be~~is being reduced as we purchase inventory over the term of the Supply ~~Agreement.~~Agreement that we entered into with Taro in December 2016. In addition, we incurred transaction costs of $2.4 million. The ~~overall recording of the~~

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transaction resulted in the recording of an intangible asset of $40.2 million. This asset is being amortized over an eight-year period using the straight-line method.

We recorded amortization expense of $1.3 million and ~~$1.8~~$3.8 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $1.9 million and $5.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, ~~respectively~~respectively.

6. Accrued ~~liabilities~~ and other current liabilities

Accrued ~~liabilities~~ and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


					September 30,		December 31,
	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Supply agreement - current portion	$	5,375	$	1,638	$	4,730	$	1,638
Employee compensation						4,632		5,717
Consulting and professional fees		2,659		4,145		3,973		4,145
Employee compensation		1,711		5,717
Accrued taxes						2,202		535
Accrued sales allowances		1,815		2,233		1,785		2,233
Accrued royalties		1,367		802		577		802
Accrued Taxes		1,193		535
Lease liability - current portion		326		—		364		—
Other		408		995		385		995
Total accrued liabilities	$	14,854	$	16,065	$	18,648	$	16,065

7. Commitments and contingencies

(a) Commitments to Taro Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd.

In December 2016, we acquired the U.S. marketing rights to Keveyis (dichlorphenamide) from Taro. Under the terms of an ~~asset purchase agreement,~~Asset Purchase Agreement, we paid Taro an upfront payment in two installments of $1 million in December 2016 and $7.5 million in March 2017, and will pay an aggregate of $7.5 million in potential milestones upon the achievement of certain product sales targets. Taro has agreed to continue to manufacture Keveyis for us under an exclusive supply agreement through the orphan exclusivity period. We are obligated to purchase certain annual minimum amounts of product totaling approximately $29 million over a six-year period. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, our remaining obligation was $22.1 million. ~~The supply agreement~~Our Supply Agreement with Taro may extend beyond the orphan exclusivity period unless terminated

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by either party pursuant to the terms of the agreement. If terminated by Taro at the conclusion of the orphan exclusivity period, we have the right to manufacture the product on our own or have the product manufactured by a third party on our behalf. We are also required to reimburse Taro for their royalty obligation resulting from their sale of Keveyis to us.

(b) Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business and in connection with the sale of assets and businesses and other transactions, we often indemnify our counterparties against certain liabilities that may arise in connection with the transaction or that are related to events and activities prior to or following a transaction, such as breaches of contracts, unfavorable tax consequences and employee liabilities. If the indemnified party were to make a successful claim pursuant to the terms of the indemnification, we may be required to reimburse the loss and such amount could be material to our financial statements. Where appropriate, the obligation for such indemnifications is recorded as a liability. Because the amount of these types of indemnifications generally is not specifically stated, the overall maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications cannot be reasonably estimated. However, we believe that the likelihood of a material liability being triggered under these indemnification obligations is not probable at this time.

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8. Leases

We lease office space under operating leases. Our leases have initial lease terms ranging from one to five years. Our lease agreements contain provisions for future rent increases.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, future minimum commitments under facility operating leases were as follows (in thousands):


	Operating		Operating
	leases		leases

2019		326		116
2020		470		470
2021		481		481
2022		492		492
2023		207		207
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,976	$	1,766

The components of lease cost for the quarter ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):


		Three Months		Nine Months
		Ended		Ended
		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2019
Lease costs
Amortization of right of use assets	$	110	$	289
Interest on lease liabilities		33		94
Total lease cost	$	143	$	383

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Amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet for leases where we are the lessee as of ~~the quarter ended March 31,~~September 30, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):


		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2019
Operating Leases
Right of use asset	$	1,046	$	867
Lease liability	$	1,690	$	1,541

Remaining lease term
Operating leases		4 years		3 years 8 months

Discount rate
Operating leases		7.69%		7.69%

9. Income taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss carryforwards and other attributes using enacted rates expected to be in effect when those differences reverse. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized.

We assess our ability to realize deferred tax assets. Changes in future earnings projections, among other factors, may cause us to adjust our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Any such adjustments would impact our income tax expense in the period in which it is determined that these factors have changed.

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We recorded income tax expense of $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $0.7 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, as a result of tax liability expected in connection with the intercompany transfer of intellectual ~~property.~~

The global intangible low-taxed income tax and base erosion provisions are effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. We do not currently expect these provisions to have a material impact on our tax rate as we do not own any controlled foreign corporations and they are currently belowproperty, which occurred in the ~~gross receipts threshold for purposes of the base erosion provisions.~~prior year.

10. Warrants

Warrants

Our outstanding warrants as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 are as follows:


							Warrants							Warrants
							Outstanding							Outstanding
		Exercise		Expiration	Warrants	Warrants	March 31,		Exercise		Expiration	Warrants	Warrants	September 30,
	Classification	Price		Date	Issued	Exercised	2019	Classification	Price		Date	Issued	Exercised	2019
Warrants in connection with private equity placement	Liability	$	2.50	6/28/2022	7,000,000	(1,970,000)	5,030,000	Liability	$	2.50	6/28/2022	7,000,000	(1,970,000)	5,030,000
Warrants in connection with Horizon and Oxford loan agreement	Equity	$	2.45	12/28/2026	428,571	(267,857)	160,714	Equity	$	2.45	12/28/2026	428,571	(267,857)	160,714
Warrants in connection with CRG loan agreement	Equity	$	7.37	7/14/2024	394,289	—	394,289	Equity	$	7.37	7/14/2024	394,289	—	394,289
Warrants in connection with CRG loan amendment in January 2018	Equity	$	10.00	1/16/2025	1,248,250	—	1,248,250	Equity	$	10.00	1/16/2025	1,248,250	—	1,248,250
					9,071,110		6,833,253					9,071,110		6,833,253

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11. Stock‑based compensation

Our board of directors has adopted the 2017 Inducement Plan (the “Inducement Plan”). The Inducement Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards to new employees. The purpose of the Inducement Plan is to attract valued employees by offering them a greater stake in our success and a closer identity with us, and to encourage ownership of our ordinary shares by such employees. The Inducement Plan became effective on February 23, 2017. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~738,953~~643,590 shares are available for issuance pursuant to the Inducement Plan.

Our board of directors has adopted, and our shareholders have approved, the 2015 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to our employees and any parent or subsidiary corporation’s employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock awards, and RSUs to our employees, directors and consultants and our parent or subsidiary corporations’ employees and consultants. The 2015 Plan became effective on September 3, 2015. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~262,168~~303,250 shares are available for issuance pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Our board of directors has adopted, and our shareholders have approved, the Non‑Employee Director Equity Compensation Plan (the “Non‑Employee Director Plan”). The Non‑Employee Director Plan provides for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock awards, and RSUs to our non‑employee directors. The Non‑Employee Director Plan became effective on September 3, 2015. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~272,151~~no shares are available for issuance pursuant to the Non‑Employee Director Plan.

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A summary of our outstanding stock options as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 is as follows:


	Options Outstanding						Options Outstanding
				Weighted-						Weighted-
				Average						Average
		Weighted-		Remaining				Weighted-		Remaining
		Average		Contractual				Average		Contractual
	Number of	Exercise		Term	Aggregate		Number of	Exercise		Term	Aggregate
	Shares	Price		(Years)	Intrinsic Value		Shares	Price		(Years)	Intrinsic Value
					(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Outstanding—January 1, 2019	8,579,511	$	7.35	7.57	$	3,281	8,579,511	$	7.35	7.57	$	3,281
Granted	1,767,400	$	4.70				2,432,900	$	4.18
Forfeited and cancelled	(101,332)	$	6.31				(966,771)	$	6.72
Exercised	(39,728)	$	4.19				(43,841)	$	4.12
Outstanding—March 31, 2019	10,205,851	$	6.91	7.77	$	5,385
Vested and exercisable—March 31, 2019	4,224,745	$	8.63	6.25	$	2,506
Outstanding—September 30, 2019							10,001,799	$	6.65	7.29	$	6
Vested and exercisable—September 30, 2019							5,234,160	$	7.95	6.11	$	3

Included in the stock options outstanding at March 31, 2019 are unvested stock options to purchase 88,908 shares at a weighted average exercise price of $18.80 per share for which the vesting of certain tranches will accelerate if the fair value per share of our stock reaches $31.46. In addition, the options outstanding as of March 31, 2019 include 97,652 shares that vest upon a market appreciation event, so long as it occurs prior to the date specified in the applicable award agreement and 97,652 shares that will vest upon the one year anniversary of the market appreciation event. The market appreciation event, which had not yet occurred as of March 31, 2019, is defined as the last trading day in the period in which our closing stock price on each of 20 consecutive trading days reported on Nasdaq has been at least $30.14 or $33.66 for the respective grantee.

Stock‑based compensation expense

We recognized stock‑based compensation expense for employees and directors for stock options and RSUs as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Selling, general and administrative	$	1,811	$	1,280	$	1,684	$	1,649	$	5,475	$	4,450
Research and development		512		408		491		467		1,595		1,339
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,323	$	1,688	$	2,175	$	2,116	$	7,070	$	5,789

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options ~~net of estimated forfeitures,~~ is ~~$19.0~~$14.6 million, which we expect to recognize over an estimated weighted‑average period of ~~2.95~~2.70 years.

In determining the estimated fair value of our service-based awards, we use the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment.

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The fair value of our service-based awards that were granted during the years was estimated with the following assumptions:


	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	March 31,		September 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Expected term (in years)	6.09	6.08	6.13	6.13
Risk-free interest rate	2.47% - 2.61%	2.25% - 2.71%	1.38%-2.61%	2.25% - 2.99%
Expected volatility	80.00% - 80.85%	85.00%	78.7%-80.85%	78.19% - 85%
Dividend rate	—%	—%	—%	—%

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Restricted stock units

~~Our~~We grant RSU to employees and to members of our board of ~~directors have approved grants of~~directors. RSUs that are granted to ~~employees. These RSUs~~employees vest two years from the date of issuance, provided that the employee is employed by us on such vesting date. RSUs that are granted to directors, vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date, provided that the director continues to serve as a member of the board of directors continuously from the grant date through such one-year anniversary. All RSUs will fully vest upon a change of control of our company. If and when the RSUs vest, we will issue one ordinary share for each whole RSU that has vested, subject to satisfaction of the ~~executive’s~~employee’s or director’s tax withholding obligations. The RSUs will cease to be outstanding upon ~~such~~the issuance of ordinary ~~shares.~~shares upon vesting. We recorded expense, which is included in the stock-based compensation table above, of ~~$239,000~~$0.5 million and ~~$149,000~~$0.1 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $1.3 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs is ~~$3.1~~$2.7 million, which we expect to recognize over an estimated weighted‑average period of ~~1.8~~1.25 years.

A summary of our unvested RSUs as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 is as follows:


		Number of
		Shares
Outstanding—January 1, 2019		143,100
Granted		~~634,000~~1,001,000
Forfeited		~~(6,250)~~(84,150)
Vested		~~(12,000)~~(69,250)
Unvested—~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019		~~758,850~~990,700

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) and the audited financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2018 and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations that are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2019. As used in this Quarterly Report, unless the context suggests otherwise, “we,” “us,” “our,” or “Strongbridge” refer to Strongbridge Biopharma plc.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, prospective products, size or market or patient population, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth are forward-looking

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statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics, and healthcare, regulatory and scientific developments and depend on the economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate may

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differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods.

Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report except as required by law. You should also read carefully the factors described in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2018 Annual Report and this Quarterly Report to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a global, commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of therapies for rare diseases with significant unmet needs.

Our first commercial product is Keveyis (dichlorphenamide), the first and only treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for hyperkalemic, hypokalemic, and related variants of primary periodic paralysis (“PPP”), a group of rare hereditary disorders that cause episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis.

We are building a rare disease, franchise-based business model focused on expansion through a disciplined in-licensing and acquisition strategy. We will continue to identify and evaluate the acquisition of products and product candidates for licensing or acquisition that would be complementary to our existing rare neuromuscular and endocrine franchises or that would form the basis for new rare disease franchises. We believe this approach will enable us to maximize our commercial potential by further leveraging our existing resources and expertise.

In December 2017, we received letters from the offices of U. S. Senators Amy Klobuchar, Susan Collins and Tammy Baldwin, and Senator Claire McCaskill, Ranking Member of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, that ~~request~~requested information relating to the marketing and sales of ~~Keveyis. The letters request information~~Keveyis principally relating to the pricing

Table of ~~Keveyis, among other things.~~Contents

of Keveyis. We have cooperated with these voluntary requests for ~~information.~~information, as well as additional follow-up requests in 2018.

Recent Developments

Changes in Management

As previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 1, 2019, our board of directors and Matthew Pauls, our former Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), mutually agreed upon a CEO transition plan resulting in Mr. Paul’s resignation from his positions as CEO and member of the board of directors, effective immediately. His resignation was not the result of any dispute or disagreement with us or any matter related to our operations, policies or practices. In connection with his resignation, Mr. Pauls will be paid termination benefits as set forth in his employment agreement.

In addition, on November 1, 2019, the board of directors appointed John H. Johnson, who has served as Chairman of our board of directors since 2015, as Executive Chairman of the Company, effective immediately. Mr. Johnson will lead the Company while the Board conducts a formal search to identify a new CEO. In connection with Mr. Johnson’s new role, any changes to his existing compensatory arrangement will be determined at a later date.

LOGICS Trial

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use of a control group ~~(e.g.~~(e.g., placebo concurrent control, dose-comparison concurrent control), randomization and evaluation of primary endpoints that directly measure clinical benefits, or supported by evidence of clinical benefit. For this reason, while the DMEP indicated that it would consider, as a review issue, the adequacy of a New Drug Application (NDA) submission with data from ~~the~~our SONICS trial as the sole Phase 3 evidence supporting the efficacy of RECORLEV, the DMEP nonetheless recommended that we complete ~~the LOGICS~~a second trial ~~(which is double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled)~~ and include the results from ~~the LOGICS~~that trial in addition to data from ~~the~~our SONICS trial in our NDA submission.

Our LOGICS trial is a Phase 3 clinical trial of Recorlev for the treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. The LOGICS trial is intended to supplement the long-term efficacy and safety data from our SONICS trial via a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized-withdrawal design that targets approximately 46-54 patients for enrollment into the randomized withdrawal phase of the trial. The final number of patients enrolled into the randomized withdrawal phase will depend on the observed rate of early discontinuation in such phase. We currently expect to receive LOGICS top-line data byin the second or third quarter of 2020 (an update to our prior projection of data release at the end of the first quarter of ~~2020 (compared~~2020). The addition of a concurrent control group to our ~~prior projection of~~LOGICS trial is an attempt to address the ~~end of 2019) and~~FDA’s request for such a control group that was absent in our SONICS trial.

We currently expect, if supported by the data, to submit an NDA for Recorlev ~~in the third quarter of 2020~~approximately six months after reporting top-line results from our LOGICS trial that will include data from each of the SONICS and LOGICS trials. ~~In addition, the~~The DMEP stated in its meeting minutes that our clinical pharmacology program for Recorlev, as described to them, appears reasonable to support an NDA filing for Recorlev provided that the data generated are found to be suitable.

Services Agreement with Novo Nordisk Inc.

In connection with our sale of Macrilen to Novo, Strongbridge U.S. Inc, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into an agreement with Novo Nordisk Inc., a subsidiary of Novo (“NNI”), pursuant to which NNI agreed to fund the costs of 23 of our field-based employees to provide full-time ongoing services to NNI, including the promotion of Macrilen and other Novo growth hormone products in the United States, for a period of three years.

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As reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 5, 2019, we received a notice from Novo indicating that as of December 1, 2019, Novo intends to cease the use and funding of our field team for the promotion of Macrilen in the United States. We objected to this notice and engaged in discussions with Novo regarding the notice and ongoing services. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we reached an agreement in principle with Novo to terminate the services agreement, effective as of December 1, 2019. In connection with the termination of the agreement, Novo will pay us $6 million and we will no longer provide services to Novo. We expect to eliminate the approximately 23 field-based positions related to the Macrilen promotion efforts, effective December 1, 2019.

Financial Operations Overview

The following discussion sets forth certain components of our statements of operations as well as factors that impact those items.

Net Product Sales

Revenues from sales of our products are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and that result from rebates, co-pay assistance and other allowances that are offered by us and the patients’ payors. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to our customer) or a current liability (if the amount is payable to a party other than our customer). Where appropriate, these estimates may take into consideration a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. For a complete discussion of accounting for net product revenue, see Note 3, "Revenue recognition" to our consolidated financial statements.

Royalty Revenues

Royalty revenues are ~~from commercial~~based on the net sales of Macrilen which is commercialized by ~~Novo Nordisk Healthcare AG, based on net sales.~~Novo.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales includes third-party acquisition costs, third-party warehousing and product distribution charges.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel costs, costs for outside professional services and other allocated expenses. Personnel costs consist of salaries, bonuses, benefits, travel and stock‑based compensation. Outside professional services consist of legal, accounting and audit services, commercial evaluation and strategy services, sales, marketing and other consulting services.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with the development of our product candidates, including:

personnel‑related costs, such as salaries, bonuses, benefits, travel and other related expenses, including stock‑based compensation;

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expenses incurred under our agreements with contract research organizations, ~~(“CROs”),~~ clinical sites, contract laboratories, medical institutions and consultants that plan and conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials, including, in the case of consultants, stock‑based compensation;

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costs associated with regulatory filings;

upfront and milestone payments under in‑license or acquisition agreements with third parties; and

costs of acquiring preclinical study and clinical trial materials, and costs associated with formulation and process ~~development; and~~

~~depreciation, maintenance and other facility‑related expenses.~~development.

We expense all research and development costs as incurred. Clinical development expenses for our product candidates are a significant component of our current research and development expenses as we progress our product candidates into and through clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher research and development costs than those in earlier stages of development, primarily due to increased size and duration of the clinical trials. We recognize costs for each grant project, preclinical study or clinical trial that we conduct based on our evaluation of the progress to completion, including the use of information and data provided to us by clinical sites and our external research and development vendors.

~~We expect our~~Our research and development expenses tocould increase in absolute dollars in the future asif we continue to in‑license or acquire product candidates and as we advance our existing and any future product candidates into and through clinical trials and pursue regulatory approval to market our product candidates. The process of conducting the necessary clinical research to obtain regulatory marketing approval of a product candidate is costly and time consuming. The probability that any of our product candidates receives regulatory marketing approval and eventually is able to generate revenue depends on a variety of factors, including the quality of our product candidates, early clinical data, investment in our clinical program, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. As a result of these uncertainties, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and development projects or if, when and to what extent we will generate revenue from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates, if approved. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory approval for any of our product candidates.

We do not allocate personnel‑related research and development costs, including stock‑based compensation or other indirect costs, to specific programs, as they are deployed across multiple projects under development.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets relates to the amortization of our product rights to Keveyis. This intangible asset is being amortized over an eight-year period using the straight-line method.

Other Income, ~~(Expense),~~ Net

Other income, ~~(expense),~~ net, consists of unrealized ~~loss~~gain on the remeasurement of the fair value of warrant liability, interest income generated from our cash and cash equivalents, foreign exchange gains and losses and gains and losses on investments. We record income and expenses relating to NNI service agreement to fund the costs of 23 of our field-based employees to provide full-time ongoing services to NNI, including the promotion of Macrilen in the United States, for a period of three years beginning ~~January 2019.~~December 2018.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

This management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the

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results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates as discussed in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2018 Annual Report.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018.

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018.


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				Change		September 30,				Change		September 30,				Change
	2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Revenues:
Net product sales	$	4,333	$	3,870	$	463	$	5,677	$	5,347	$	330	$	16,083	$	13,513	$	2,570
Royalty revenues		10		—		10		7		—		7		23		—		23
Total revenues		4,343		3,870		473		5,684		5,347		337		16,106		13,513		2,593

Cost and operating expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	$	813	$	667	$	146	$	1,001	$	1,441	$	(440)	$	2,836	$	2,861	$	(25)
Selling, general and administrative		12,100		12,362		(262)		12,806		19,564		(6,758)		37,088		47,137		(10,049)
Research and development		6,583		4,881		1,702		7,552		7,198		354		22,874		17,532		5,342
Amortization of intangible assets		1,256		1,769		(513)		1,255		1,876		(621)		3,766		5,517		(1,751)
Total cost and expenses		20,752		19,679		1,073		22,614		30,079		(7,465)		66,564		73,047		(6,483)
Operating loss		(16,409)		(15,809)		(600)		(16,930)		(24,732)		7,802		(50,458)		(59,534)		9,076
Other expense, net		(1,348)		(12,914)		11,566
Other income, net								3,831		4,174		(343)		11,755		7,330		4,425
Loss before income taxes		(17,757)		(28,723)		10,966		(13,099)		(20,558)		7,459		(38,703)		(52,204)		13,501
Income tax expense		(677)		—		(677)		(691)		—		(691)		(1,768)		(1)		(1,767)
Net loss	$	(18,434)	$	(28,723)	$	10,289	$	(13,790)	$	(20,558)	$	6,768	$	(40,471)	$	(52,205)	$	11,734

Revenues ~~and Cost of Sales~~

Net product sales were ~~$4.3 million, and cost of sales were $0.8~~$5.7 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, an increase of ~~$0.5~~$0.3 million ~~and $0.1 million, respectively,~~ compared to the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018. ~~The increase is~~Product sales from Keveyis increased by $1.5 million due to the continued sales growth of Keveyis. Included in the three months ended September 30, 2018 is $1.1 million from Macrilen sales, the rights to which we sold in December 2018.

Net product sales were $16.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $2.6 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Product sales from Keveyis increased by $3.7 million due to the continued sales growth of Keveyis. Included in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is $1.1 million from Macrilen sales, ~~volume for Keveyis.~~the rights to which we sold in December 2018.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table summarizes our selling, general and administrative expenses during the three ~~month periods~~and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				Change		September 30,				Change		September 30,				Change
	2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Compensation and other personnel costs	$	5,863	$	5,572	$	291	$	6,469	$	8,458	$	(1,989)	$	18,465	$	20,473	$	(2,008)
Outside professional and consulting services		4,160		5,241		(1,081)		4,462		9,142		(4,680)		12,463		21,423		(8,960)
Stock-based compensation expense		1,811		1,280		531		1,684		1,649		35		5,475		4,450		1,025
Facility costs		266		269		(3)		191		315		(124)		685		791		(106)
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	$	12,100	$	12,362	$	(262)	$	12,806	$	19,564	$	(6,758)	$	37,088	$	47,137	$	(10,049)

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Selling, general and administrative expenses were ~~$12.1~~$12.8 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, a decrease of ~~$0.3~~$6.8 million compared to the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018. Outside professional and consulting services decreased $4.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, with $1.5 million of this decrease due to a reduction in expenses relating to Keveyis and $3.2 million of this decreases due to the prior year period including expenses associated with the launch of Macrilen, the rights to which we sold in December 2018. Compensation and other personnel costs ~~increased~~decreased $2.0 million due to employee costs associated with Macrilen being reimbursed by ~~$0.3~~Novo in 2019.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $37.1 million ~~during~~for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~primarily due~~a decrease of $10.0 million compared to ~~increased headcount.~~the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Outside professional and consulting services decreased ~~$1.1~~$9.0 million during the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~primarily~~with $1.7 million of this decrease due to ~~Macrilen launch preparation activities~~a reduction in expenses relating to Keveyis and $7.3 million of this decrease due to the ~~first quarter of 2018 that were conducted~~ prior toyear period including expenses associated with the launch of Macrilen, the rights to which we sold in ~~July~~December 2018. Compensation and other personnel costs decreased $2.0 million due to employee costs associated with Macrilen being reimbursed by Novo in 2019.

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses during the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				Change		September 30,				Change		September 30,				Change
	2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Product development and supporting activities	$	4,735	$	3,223	$	1,512	$	5,412	$	5,390	$	22	$	16,799	$	12,441	$	4,358
Compensation and other personnel costs		1,336		1,250		86		1,649		1,341		308		4,480		3,752		728
Stock-based compensation expense		512		408		104		491		467		24		1,595		1,339		256
Total research and development expenses	$	6,583	$	4,881	$	1,702	$	7,552	$	7,198	$	354	$	22,874	$	17,532	$	5,342

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Research and development expenses were ~~$6.6~~$7.6 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, an increase of ~~$1.7~~$0.4 million compared to the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018. The ~~$1.5~~small increase is due to increased employee costs.

Research and development expenses were $22.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $5.3 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The $4.4 million increase in expenses for product development and supporting activities was primarily due to additional clinical development expenses ~~for Recorlev and life cycle management activities for Keveyis.~~associated with Recorlev.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets was $1.3 million ~~a decrease of $0.5~~and $3.8 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018,~~respectively, a decrease of $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively, due to the prior year including amortization ~~for our~~of the intangible asset related to Macrilen, ~~intangible asset.~~the rights to which we sold in December 2018.

Other Income, ~~(Expense),~~ Net

The following table summarizes our other income, ~~(expense),~~ net, during the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				Change		September 30,				Change		September 30,				Change
	2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$		2019		2018		$
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Income from field services agreement		2,016		—		2,016	$	1,725	$	—	$	1,725	$	5,466	$	—	$	5,466
Expense from field services agreement		(2,229)		—		(2,229)		(1,672)		—		(1,672)		(5,659)		—		(5,659)
Unrealized loss on fair value of warrants	$	(1,820)	$	(9,700)	$	7,880
Unrealized gain on fair value of warrants								3,202		7,131		(3,929)		10,079		16,448		(6,369)
Interest expense		—		(2,874)		2,874		—		(3,387)		3,387		—		(9,550)		9,550
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		(500)		500		—		—		—		—		(500)		500
Other income, net		685		160		525		576		430		146		1,869		932		937
Total other expense, net	$	(1,348)	$	(12,914)	$	11,566
Total other income, net							$	3,831	$	4,174	$	(343)	$	11,755	$	7,330	$	4,425

~~Other expense,~~Total other income, net, decreased by ~~$11.6~~$0.3 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a ~~$7.9~~$3.9 million change in the unrealized gain on the fair value of our warrant liability in 2019, primarily resulting from a decrease in our stock price. The decrease was offset in part by $3.4 million of interest expense recorded during the three months ended September 2018. Our outstanding debt under the Term Loan Agreement, dated July 14, 2017, with CRG Servicing LLC (the “Term Loan Agreement”), was fully repaid in the fourth quarter of 2018 and, therefore, we recorded no interest expense related to this debt during the three months ended September 30, 2019. In addition, during the 2019 period, we incurred $1.7 million of expense relating to our field-based service agreement with NNI and recorded $1.7 million of related income.

Total other income, net, increased by $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to $9.5 million of interest expense recorded during the nine months ended September 2018. Our outstanding debt under the Term Loan Agreement was fully repaid in the fourth quarter of 2018 and, therefore, we recorded no interest expense related to this debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was partially offset by a $6.4 million change in the unrealized gain on the fair value of our warrant liability in 2019, primarily resulting from a decrease ~~of $2.9 million increase~~ in ~~interest expense. We~~our stock price. In addition, during the 2019 period, we incurred ~~$2.2~~$5.7 million of ~~expenses~~expense relating to our field based service agreement with NNI ~~offset by $2.0~~and recorded $5.5 million of ~~income recorded for the services.~~related income.

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Income Tax

We recorded income tax expense of $0.7 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as a result of tax liability expected in connection with the intercompany transfer of intellectual ~~property.~~property, which occurred in the prior year.

Cash Flows

Comparison for the ~~Three~~Nine Months Ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31				September 30
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(18,308)	$	(18,019)	$	(42,927)	$	(51,864)
Investing activities		(15)		(24,655)		(42)		(24,965)
Financing activities		139		77,569		87		86,702
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(18,184)		34,895	$	(42,882)	$	9,873

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was ~~$18.3~~$42.9 million for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 compared to ~~$18.0~~$51.9 million for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities resulted from an increase in total revenues of $2.6 million, a decrease in inventory purchases of $2.1 million and reduced expenditures in our commercial activities for Keveyis and Macrilen, which we sold in December 2018. The prior period had expenditures for the launch of Macrilen, the rights to which we sold in December 2018.

Investing Activities

The decrease in net cash used in investing activities resulted from the $24.7 million payment made to Aeterna Zentaris GmbH in 2018 for our acquisition of Macrilen and other expenses incurred with the acquisition.

Financing Activities

The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities resulted primarily from ~~our receipt of $44.9 million in proceeds from~~debt and equity financing activities that occurred during the ~~amendment to our senior credit facility with CRG Servicing LLC (“CRG”) and $33.5 million in proceeds from our issuance of ordinary shares for the three~~nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~September 2018, as compared to no significant financing activities during the nine months ended September 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash used to fund operating expenses is affected by the timing of when we are invoiced by our vendors, as reflected in the change in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses set forth in the financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report.

Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:

the amount of revenue that we receive from sales of ~~Keveyis and royalty revenues from Macrilen;~~Keveyis;

the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing, distribution and administrative capabilities;

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the scope, rate of progress, results and cost of our clinical trials testing and other related activities for Recorlev and veldoreotide;

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the number and characteristics of product candidates that we pursue, including any additional product candidates we may in‑license or acquire;

the cost of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing our patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

the cost of defending potential intellectual property disputes, including patent infringement actions brought by third parties against us or our product candidates;

the cost, timing and outcomes of regulatory approvals;

the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish, including any required milestone and royalty payments thereunder; and

the emergence of competing technologies and their achieving commercial success before we do or other adverse market developments.

Off‑Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have variable interests in variable interest entities or any off‑balance sheet arrangements.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There ~~are~~have been no material ~~changes.~~changes to our market risk exposures since December 31, 2018.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the rules and regulations thereunder, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of September~~March 31,~~ 30, 2019 were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s

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rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is not currently involved in any legal matters arising in the normal course of business. From time to time, the Company could become involved in disputes and various litigation matters that arise in the normal course of business. These may include disputes and lawsuits related to intellectual property, licensing, contract law and employee relations matters.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

The risks described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2018 Annual Report could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The risk factors discussed in our 2018 Annual Report do not identify all risks that we face because our business operations could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. The following is an update to our risk factors.

The regulatory approval process of the FDA, EMA or any comparable foreign regulatory agency may be lengthy, time consuming and unpredictable.

We cannot be certain that any of our product candidates will be successful in clinical trials or receive regulatory approval. The FDA, EMA and other comparable foreign regulatory agencies have substantial discretion in the approval process and in determining when or whether regulatory approval will be obtained for any of our product candidates. Even if we believe the data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support approval by the FDA, EMA or any comparable foreign regulatory agency. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain regulatory approval for the product candidates.

Furthermore, while certain of our employees have prior experience with submitting marketing applications to the FDA, EMA and comparable foreign regulatory agencies, we, as a company, have not submitted such applications for our product candidates. Applications for any of our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for many reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:

the FDA, EMA or any comparable foreign regulatory agency may disagree with the design or implementation of our clinical trials or our interpretation of data from nonclinical trials or clinical trials;

the population studied in the clinical program may not be sufficiently broad or representative to assure safety in the full population for which we seek approval, including reliance on foreign clinical data;

the data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates may not be sufficient to support a finding that has statistical significance or clinical meaningfulness or support the submission of an NDA or other submission, or to obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere;

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we may be unable to demonstrate to the FDA, EMA or any comparable foreign regulatory agency that a product candidate’s risk‑benefit ratio for its proposed indication is acceptable;

the FDA, EMA or any comparable foreign regulatory agency may fail to approve the manufacturing processes, test procedures and specifications or facilities of third‑party manufacturers with which we contract for clinical and commercial supplies; and

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the approval policies or regulations of the FDA, EMA or any comparable foreign regulatory agency may significantly change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval.

In communications we had with the FDA, they recommended use of a concurrent control group in our SONICS Phase 3 clinical trial. However, SONICS utilizes an open-label, single-arm design because use of a placebo control in a parallel-arm monotherapy design was considered unethical or infeasible to enroll, depending on the specific country or clinical trial site under consideration. Studies lacking an active control group are more likely to be subject to unanticipated variability in study results that can potentially lead to flawed conclusions because they do not allow for discrimination of patient outcomes. In August 2018, we announced statistically significant positive top-line results from our SONICS Phase 3 clinical trial. However, even if we achieve the clinical trial’s endpoints for this clinical trial, the FDA or other regulatory authorities could view our study results as potentially biased due to our lack of an active control group.

Our LOGICS study, which is a second Phase 3 clinical trial of Recorlev for the treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome, will supplement the long-term efficacy and safety data from the ongoing SONICS trial via a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design that will randomize approximately 54 patients, in an attempt to address our lack of an active control group in our SONICS trial. There can be no assurances, however, that the FDA or other regulatory authorities will view the LOGICS study results as sufficient.

In March 2019, we conducted a Type C meeting with the Division of Metabolic and Endocrine Products (DMEP) of the FDA. The DMEP stated in its meeting minutes that the FDA generally requests that a sponsor conduct two adequate and well-controlled clinical studies for the proposed indication of a drug candidate under 21 CFR 314.126(b)(2). The DMEP also noted that the FDA recognizes situations when a single trial may be sufficient. The DMEP reiterated that the characteristics of an “adequate and well-controlled” investigation under 21 CFR 314.126 include the use of a control group ~~(e.g.~~(e.g., placebo concurrent control, dose-comparison concurrent control), randomization and evaluation of primary endpoints that directly measure clinical benefits, or supported by evidence of clinical benefit. For this reason, while the DMEP indicated that it would consider, as a review issue, the adequacy of ~~an NDA~~a New Drug Application (NDA) submission with data from ~~the~~our SONICS trial as the sole Phase 3 evidence supporting the efficacy of RECORLEV, the DMEP nonetheless recommended that we complete ~~the LOGICS~~a second trial ~~(which is double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled)~~ and include the results from ~~the LOGICS~~that trial in addition to data from the SONICS trial in our NDA submission.

Our LOGICS study is a second Phase 3 clinical trial of Recorlev for the treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. The LOGICS trial is intended to supplement the long-term efficacy and safety data from our SONICS trial via a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized-withdrawal design that target approximately 46-54 patients for enrollment into the randomized withdrawal phase of the trial. The final number of patients enrolled into the randomized withdrawal phase will depend on the observed rate of early discontinuation in such phase. We currently expect to receive LOGICS top-line data byin the second or third quarter of 2020 (an update to our prior projection of data release at the end of the first quarter of ~~2020 (compared~~2020). The addition of a concurrent control group in LOGICS is an attempt to ~~our prior projection of~~address FDA’s request for such a control group that was lacking in SONICS.

We currently expect, if supported by the ~~end of 2019) and~~data, to submit an NDA for Recorlev inapproximately six months after reporting top-line results from the ~~third quarter of 2020~~LOGICS trial that will include data from each of the SONICS and LOGICS trials. ~~In addition, the~~The DMEP stated in its meeting minutes that our clinical pharmacology program for Recorlev, as described to them, appears reasonable to support an NDA filing for Recorlev provided that the data generated are found to be suitable.

In addition, following FDA consultation, we have determined that the 505(b)(2) approval pathway, which permits an NDA applicant to rely on data from studies that were not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference, is the appropriate pathway for a Recorlev NDA. We intend to rely on published literature and the FDA’s prior findings concerning the safety and/or effectiveness of ketoconazole in our NDA for Recorlev and on similar processes in other jurisdictions. There can be no assurances, however, that the 505(b)(2) approval pathway in the United States, or similar approval pathways outside of the United States, will be available for Recorlev or that the FDA or other regulatory authorities will approve Recorlev through an application based on such pathways.

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We generally plan to seek regulatory approval to commercialize our product candidates in the United States, the European Union and other key global markets. To obtain regulatory approval in other countries, we must comply with regulatory requirements of such other countries regarding safety, efficacy, chemistry, manufacturing and controls, clinical trials, commercial sales, pricing and distribution of our product candidates. Even if we are successful in obtaining approval in one jurisdiction, we cannot ensure that we will obtain approval in any other jurisdictions. Failure to obtain marketing authorization for our product candidates in any jurisdiction will result in our being unable to market and sell such products. Similarly, regulatory agencies may not approve the labeling claims that are necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our product candidates.

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Any of our current or future product candidates could take a significantly longer time to gain regulatory approval than we expect or may never gain regulatory approval. This could delay or eliminate any potential product revenue by delaying or terminating the potential commercialization of our product candidates.

Our success depends on key personnel and our ability to recruit, retain and motivate additional qualified personnel.

We are highly dependent on the leadership and strategic guidance of our executive officers. The loss, for any reason, of the services of these individuals and any negative market or industry perception arising from such loss could have a material adverse effect on our business. Although we have included non-compete provisions in their respective employment or consulting agreements, as the case may be, such arrangements might not be sufficient for the purpose of preventing such key personnel from entering into agreements with any of our competitors. The inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel, or the loss of these key employees, could result in competitive harm as we could experience delays in reaching our in-licensing, acquisition, development and commercialization objectives.

On November 1, 2019, our board of directors and Matthew Pauls, our former CEO, mutually agreed upon a CEO transition plan resulting in Mr. Paul’s resignation from his positions as CEO and member of the board of directors, effective immediately. In connection with this transition, the board of directors appointed John H. Johnson, who has served as Chairman of our board of directors since 2015, as Executive Chairman of the Company, effective immediately. Mr. Johnson will lead the Company while the Board conducts a formal search to identify a new CEO. These changes, or any future changes in our management team, may create uncertainty in our business and future strategic direction. In addition, if we are unable to attract and retain a qualified candidate to become our permanent CEO in a timely manner, our ability to meet our financial and operational goals and strategic plans may be adversely impacted, as well as our financial performance.

We also depend substantially on highly qualified managerial, sales and technical personnel who are difficult to hire and retain. There is currently a shortage of skilled personnel in our industry, which is likely to continue. As a result, competition for skilled personnel is intense and the turnover rate can be high. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel on acceptable terms given the competition among numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for individuals with similar skill sets. In addition, failure to succeed in preclinical studies or clinical trials may make it more challenging to recruit and retain qualified personnel. Recruiting and retaining other qualified employees, consultants and advisors for our business, including scientific and technical personnel, will be critical to our success.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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ITEM 5. Other Information

None.

ITEM 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX


10.1		Consulting Agreement by and between Strongbridge U.S. Inc. and A. Brian Davis, dated as of September 3, 2019.
31.1		Certificate of principal executive ~~officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.~~
~~31.2~~		~~Certificate of principal financial~~ officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1		Certificate of principal executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



	STRONGBRIDGE BIOPHARMA PLC

	By:		/s/ ~~A. BRIAN DAVIS~~Robert Lutz
	Name:		~~A. Brian Davis~~Robert Lutz
	Title:		Chief Financial Officer

Date: ~~May 1,~~November 7, 2019

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		March 31, 2019

Balance as of 12/31/2018	$	15,513
Unrealized loss on fair value of warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2019		1,820
Balance as of 3/31/2019	$	17,333