Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

As of ~~October 27, 2017, 34,845,077~~November 2, 2018, 33,319,757 shares of common stock were outstanding.

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED ~~AND COMBINED~~ FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23		$	95		$	20		$	34
Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $10 in 2017 (2016: $10)		741			667
Income taxes receivable		24			1
Inventories (Note 3)		237			193
Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $14 in 2018 (2017 - $11)								772			727
Inventories (Note 4)								244			238
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		25			20			41			47
Total current assets		1,050			976			1,077			1,046
Property, plant and equipment-net (Note 4)		612			608
Goodwill (Note 5)		82			84
Other intangible assets-net (Note 5)		158			131
Property, plant and equipment-net (Note 5)								514			576
Goodwill (Note 6)								107			82
Other intangible assets-net (Note 6)								165			160
Deferred income taxes		65			57			12			51
Other noncurrent assets		106			96			97			99
Total assets	$	2,073		$	1,952		$	1,972		$	2,014

LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	325		$	294		$	351		$	406
Accrued liabilities		237			237			219			239
Short-term and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)		177			52
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 9)								276			123
Total current liabilities		739			583			846			768
Long-term debt (Note 13)		707			742
Long-term debt (Note 9)								670			699
Pension liabilities		237			279			126			182
Deferred income taxes		1			2
Restructuring and multi-employer pension liabilities (Note 7)								46			49
Other noncurrent liabilities		103			106			65			68
Total liabilities		1,787			1,712		$	1,753		$	1,766

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8)

EQUITY (Note 8)
EQUITY (Note 10)
Common stock, $0.01 par value
Authorized: 65,000,000 shares;
Issued: 34,446,778 shares in 2017 (2016: 32,449,669)		—			—
Authorized: 65,000,000
Issued: 34,882,123 shares in 2018 (2017: 34,610,931)							$	—		$	—
Additional paid-in-capital		813			770			826			816
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings		(23	)		1
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 10)		(503	)		(531	)
Treasury stock, at cost: 34,727 shares in 2017		(1	)		—
Accumulated deficit								(18	)		(90	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 14)								(566	)		(476	)
Treasury stock, at cost: 1,834,161 shares in 2018 (2017: 100,256)								(23	)		(2	)
Total equity		286			240			219			248
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,073		$	1,952		$	1,972		$	2,014

											Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,					September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016		2017			2016		2018			2017			2018			2017
Net sales	$	935		$	949	$	2,604		$	2,735	$	1,015		$	935		$	2,887		$	2,604
Cost of sales		778			783		2,175			2,250		862			778			2,468			2,175
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		65			66		194			196		77			76			242			228
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net (Note 6)		60			3		87			11
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net (Note 7)												1			60			18			87
Depreciation and amortization		39			40		118			130		34			39			106			118
(Loss) income from operations		(7	)		57		30			148
Income (loss) from operations												41			(18	)		53			(4	)
Interest expense-net		19			1		52			—		21			19			59			52
Investment and other expense-net		—			—		—			1
(Loss) income before income taxes		(26	)		56		(22	)		147
Income tax (benefit) expense		(23	)		18		(23	)		50
Investment and other (income)-net												(11	)		(11	)		(35	)		(34	)
Income (loss) before income taxes												31			(26	)		29			(22	)
Income tax expense (benefit)												35			(23	)		36			(23	)
Net (loss) income	$	(3	)	$	38	$	1		$	97	$	(4	)	$	(3	)	$	(7	)	$	1


Net (loss) earnings per common share(Note 9):
Net (loss) earnings per common share (Note 11)
Basic net (loss) earnings per share	$	(0.07	)	$	1.17	$	0.03		$	2.99	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.03
Diluted net (loss) earnings per share	$	(0.07	)	$	1.17	$	0.03		$	2.99	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.03

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.25		$	—	$	0.75		$	—	$	0.26		$	0.25		$	0.78		$	0.75

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	34.2			32.4		33.5			32.4		33.2			34.2				34.0		33.5
Diluted	34.2			32.4		33.8			32.4		33.2			34.2				34.0		33.8

												Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,					September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016			2018			2017			2018			2017
Net (loss) income	$	(3	)	$	38		$	1	$	97		$	(4	)	$	(3	)	$	(7	)	$	1

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 10)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 14):
Translation adjustments		2			(2	)		20		(3	)		5			2			(4	)		20
Adjustments for net periodic pension plan cost		3			1			8		(1	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		5			(1	)		28		(4	)
Adjustment for net periodic pension plan cost, net of tax of $2 million and $4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $2 million and $5 million for three and nine months ended 2017, respectively													3			3			11			8
Other comprehensive income													8			5			7			28
Comprehensive income	$	2		$	37		$	29	$	93		$	4		$	2		$	—		$	29

							Nine Months Ended
	Nine Months Ended September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2018			2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	1		$	97
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net (loss) income							$	(7	)	$	1
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Impairment charges		55			—			—			55
Depreciation and amortization		118			130			106			118
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable		3			11			5			3
Share-based compensation		10			4			10			10
Deferred income taxes		(14	)		(14	)		30			(14	)
Other		3			(3	)		5			3
Changes in operating assets and liabilities - net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable- net		(48	)		(45	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities - net of acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts receivable-net								(44	)		(48	)
Inventories		(20	)		(12	)		(53	)		(20	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(3	)		(4	)		(3	)		(3	)
Accounts payable		36			(11	)		(45	)		36
Income taxes payable and receivable		(29	)		(2	)		8			(29	)
Accrued liabilities and other		(54	)		(15	)		(38	)		(54	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		58			136
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities								(26	)		58

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Capital expenditures		(51	)		(35	)		(52	)		(51	)
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired		(175	)		—			(54	)		(175	)
Net proceeds from sales and purchase of investments		1			—
Disposition of business								45			—
Net (payments) and proceeds from purchase and sales of investments								(3	)		1
Proceeds from sales of other assets		7			1			7			7
Transfers from restricted cash		—			9
Net cash used in investing activities		(218	)		(25	)
Net cash (used in) investing activities								(57	)		(218	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		—			816
Payments of current maturities and long-term debt		(53	)		(4	)		(39	)		(53	)
Net proceeds from credit facility borrowings		140			—			158			140
Debt issuance costs		—			(18	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		18			—			—			18
Payments for repurchase of common stock								(20	)		—
Dividends paid		(25	)		—			(26	)		(25	)
Payments from RRD – net		3			—
Net transfers to Parent and affiliates		—			(945	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		83			(151	)
Other financing activities								(1	)		—
Payments from RRD-net								—			3
Net cash provided by financing activities								72			83

Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents		5			—			(1	)		5
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(72	)		(40	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		95			95
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	23		$	55
Net (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash								(12	)		(72	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year								35			97
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period							$	23		$	25

Reconciliation to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
							As of			As of
							September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents							$	20		$	34
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets								3			1
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows							$	23		$	35

Supplemental non-cash disclosure:
Assumption of warehousing equipment related to customer contract	$	—		$	9
Issuance of approximately 1.0 million shares of LSC Communications, Inc. common stock for acquisition of a business	$	20		$	—		$	—		$	20

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The principal business of LSC Communications, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries (“LSC Communications,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us”) is to offer a broad scope of traditional and digital print, print-related services and office products. The Company serves the needs of publishers, merchandisers and retailers worldwide with a service offering that includes e-services, logistics, warehousing and fulfillment and supply chain management. The Company utilizes a broad portfolio of technology capabilities coupled with consultative attention to clients' needs to increase speed to market, reduce costs, provide postal savings to customers and improve efficiencies. The Company prints magazines, catalogs, ~~retail inserts,~~ books, ~~and~~ directories, and its office products offerings include filing products, envelopes, note-taking products, binder products, ~~forms,~~ and ~~envelopes.~~forms.

On October 1, 2016 (the “separation date”), R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company (“RRD” or the “Parent”) completed the previously announced separation (the “separation”) into three separate independent publicly-traded companies: (i) its publishing and retail-centric print services and office products business (“LSC Communications”); (ii) its financial communications services business (“Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.” or “Donnelley Financial”) and (iii) a global, customized multichannel communications management company, which is the business of RRD after the separation. To effect the separation, RRD undertook a series of transactions to separate net assets and legal entities. RRD completed the distribution (the “distribution”) of 80.75%, of the outstanding common stock of LSC Communications and Donnelley Financial to RRD stockholders on October 1, 2016. RRD retained a ~~19.25%~~19.25% ownership stake in both LSC Communications and Donnelley Financial. On October 1, 2016, RRD stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 23, 2016 (“the record date”) received one share of LSC Communications common stock and one share of Donnelley Financial common stock for every eight shares of RRD common stock held as of the record date.

On March 28, 2017, RRD completed the sale of approximately 6.2 million shares of LSC Communications common stock, representing its entire 19.25% retained ownership. In connection with the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters as part of the secondary sale by RRD, LSC Communications also sold approximately 0.9 million shares of common stock, receiving proceeds of $18 million, which were used for general corporate purposes.

In connection with the separation, LSC Communications, RRD and Donnelley Financial entered into commercial arrangements, transition services agreements and various other agreements related to the separation that remain in effect. ~~Final copies of such agreements are filed as exhibits to~~ ~~this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.~~

The ~~accompanying~~ condensed consolidated and combined financial statements reflect the consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations of the Company as an independent, publicly traded company for the periods after the separation, and the condensed combined balance sheets and statements of operations of the Company as a combined reporting entity of RRD for the periods prior to the separation. ~~The condensed consolidated and combined~~ financial statements include the balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ interim financial statements include estimates and assumptions of management that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

During the third quarter of 2018, management changed the Company’s reportable segments and reporting units and restated prior year amounts to conform to the new segment structure. Refer to Note 15, Segment Information~~Certain~~, for more information. Additionally, certain prior year amounts were restated to conform to the Company’s current ~~consolidated and combined~~ statement of operations and cash flows classifications.

~~On October 1, 2016,~~The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-07 “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” (“ASU 2017-07”) in the first quarter of 2018. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2017-07, the Company ~~recorded certain separation-related adjustments primarily for certain assets~~will reclassify $46 million and ~~liabilities that were distributed as part of the separation from RRD. The adjustments primarily~~$45 million related to the ~~assumption~~years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of ~~certain~~net pension ~~obligations~~income out of income from operations to investment and ~~plan assets~~other (income)-net, resulting in ~~single employer plans~~no impact to net income. The Company reclassified $11 million and $34 million of net pension income from selling, general and administrative expenses to investment and other income-net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the ~~Company’s employees~~three and ~~certain former employees and retirees of RRD. Refer to Note 8,~~ ~~Equity, for information on the separation-related adjustments recorded during the~~ nine months ended September 30, 2017. ~~Additional separation-related adjustments may be recorded in future periods.~~

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18 “Statements of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash” (“ASU 2016-18”) in the first quarter of 2018. The standard requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The standard does not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The standard requires a retrospective transition method to be applied to each period presented. The Company included a reconciliation of beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts in condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

~~Prior~~On July 2, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of RRD's Print Logistics business (“Print Logistics”), an integrated logistics services provider to the ~~Separation~~

print industry with an expansive distribution network. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s logistics service offering. The total purchase price was $58 million in cash, of which $25 million was recorded in goodwill. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company’s condensed ~~combined financial statements were prepared on a stand-alone basis~~consolidated statement of operations included net sales of $80 million and ~~were derived~~$1 million of income from RRD’s consolidated financial statements and accounting records. They include certain expenses of RRD that were allocated to LSC Communications for certain corporate functions, including healthcare and pension benefits, information technology, finance, legal, human resources, internal audit, treasury, tax, investor relations and executive oversight. These expenses were allocatedoperations attributable to the ~~Company on the basis~~acquisition of direct usage, when available, with the remainder allocated on a pro rata basis by revenue, employee headcount, or other measures. The Company considered the allocation methodologies and results to be reasonable for all periods presented, however, these allocations may not be indicative of the actual expenses that LSC Communications would have incurred as an independent public company or the costs it may incur in the future. The income tax amounts in these combined financial statements were calculated based on a separate income tax return methodology and presented as if the Company’s operations were separate taxpayers in the respective jurisdictions.

All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. All intracompany transactions between LSC Communications, RRD and Donnelley Financial are considered to be effectively settled in the condensed consolidated and combined financial statements at the time the transaction is recorded. The total net effect of the settlement of these intracompany transactions is reflected in the condensed combined statement of cash flows as a financing activity.Print Logistics.

On September 28, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its European printing business, which included web offset manufacturing facilities, a logistics and warehousing site and a location dedicated to premedia services, for proceeds of $48 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the European printing business had $60 million and $2 million of net sales and income from operations, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the European printing business had $178 million and $3 million of net sales and income from operations, respectively. See Note ~~2. Business Combinations~~7, Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges, for information related to the gain recorded as a result of the disposition. Additionally, see Note 13, Income Taxes, for information related to the $25 million non-cash provision recorded primarily for the write-off of a deferred tax asset associated with the disposition.

On November 29, 2017, the Company acquired The Clark Group, Inc. (“Clark Group”), a third-party logistics provider of distribution, consolidation, transportation management and international freight forwarding services. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s logistics service offering. The total purchase price was $25 million in cash, of which $16 million was recorded in goodwill.

On November 9, 2017, the Company acquired Quality Park, a producer of envelopes, mailing supplies and assorted packaging items. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s office products offerings. The total purchase price was $41 million in cash, resulting in a bargain purchase gain of $2 million. We reassessed the recognition and measurement of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired and concluded that all acquired assets and liabilities were recognized and that the valuation procedures and resulting estimates were appropriate.

On September 7, 2017, the Company acquired Publishers Press, LLC, a printing ~~solutions~~ provider with capabilities such as web-offset printing, prepress and distribution services for magazines and retail brands. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s printing capabilities. The total purchase price was ~~$70~~$68 million in cash, of which $1 million was recorded in goodwill. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations included net sales of $11 million and a de minimis amount of income from operations attributable to the acquisition of Publishers Press.

On August 21, 2017, the Company acquired the assets of NECI, LLC (“NECI”), a supplier of commodity and specialty filing supplies. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s office products offerings. The ~~total~~ purchase price, which included the Company’s estimate of contingent consideration, was $5$6 million in cash, of which $1 million was recorded in goodwill. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations included net sales of $1 million and a de minimis amount of loss from operations attributable to the acquisition of NECI.

On August 17, 2017, the Company acquired CREEL Printing, LLC (“CREEL”), an offset and digital printing company. The acquisition enhanced the capabilities of the Company’s offset and digital production platform and brought enhanced technologies to support our clients’ evolving needs, specifically in the magazine media and retail marketing industries. CREEL’s capabilities include full-color web and sheetfed printing, regionally distributed variable digital production, large-format printing, and integrated digital solutions. The purchase price, which included the Company’s estimate of contingent consideration, was ~~$78~~$79 million in cash, of which ~~$25~~$26 million was recorded in goodwill. Contingent consideration in the form of cash payments up to $10 million will be due to the sellers if and to the extent certain financial targets are achieved. As of the acquisition date, the Company estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration to be $1 million using a probability weighting of the potential payouts. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations included net sales of $18 million and income from operations of $3 million attributable to the acquisition of CREEL.

On July 28, 2017, the Company acquired Fairrington Transportation Corp., F.T.C. Transport, Inc. and F.T.C. Services, Inc. (“Fairrington”), a full-service, printer-independent mailing logistics provider in the United States. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s logistics service offering. The purchase price was ~~$20~~$19 million in cash and approximately 1.0 million shares of LSC Communications common stock, for a total transaction value of ~~$40~~$39 million. Of the total purchase price, $22 million was recorded in goodwill. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations included net sales of $11 million and a de minimis amount of income from operations attributable to the acquisition of Fairrington.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

On March 1, 2017, the Company acquired HudsonYards Studios, LLC (“HudsonYards”), a digital and print premedia production company that provides high-quality creative retouching, computer-generated imagery, mechanical creation, press-ready file preparation, and interactive production services. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s digital and premedia capabilities. The purchase price for HudsonYards was $3 million in cash, of which $2 million was recorded in goodwill. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations included net sales of $2 million and a de minimis operating loss attributable to the acquisition of HudsonYards. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations included net sales of $5 million and a loss from operations of $1 million attributable to the acquisition of HudsonYards.

~~The operations~~Refer below for a summary of ~~Publishers Press, CREEL, Fairrington,~~the segments and ~~HudsonYards~~reporting units where the acquisitions are included ~~in the Print segment; specifically the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit. The operations~~as of ~~NECI are included in the Office Products segment.~~ September 30, 2018.

The acquisitions were recorded by allocating the cost of the acquisitions to the assets acquired, including other intangible assets, based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisitions over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired was recorded in goodwill. The goodwill is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise as a result of the acquisitions.

The preliminary tax deductible goodwill related to the Print Logistics, Clark Group, Quality Park, Publishers Press, NECI, CREEL, Fairrington, and HudsonYards acquisitions was ~~$33~~$62 million.

~~Based on~~The purchase price allocation for Print Logistics is preliminary as of September 30, 2018 because the ~~acquisition-date~~ valuations necessary to assess the fair values of the net assets and liabilities acquired are still in process, as well as the finalization of the working capital adjustments are pending. The purchase price allocation for Quality Park is preliminary as of September 30, 2018 as the finalization of the working capital adjustments are pending. The final purchase price allocations for Print Logistics and Quality Park may differ from what is currently reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The purchase price allocations for the Clark Group, Publishers Press, NECI, CREEL, Fairrington, and ~~Fairrington~~HudsonYards acquisitions are final as of September 30, 2018. There were no significant changes to the purchase price allocations for 2017 acquisitions as of September 30, 2018 compared to the disclosed purchase price allocations in the ~~Print segment are~~Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The purchase price allocations for several of the acquisitions noted above were as follows:

	Print Logistics			Clark Group			Quality Park			Publishers Press			CREEL			Fairrington
Accounts Receivable	$	39		$	6		$	19		$	27		$	12		$	6
Inventories		—			—			27			13			5			—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1			—			1			1			1			—
Property, plant and equipment		8			—			8			36			20			6
Other intangible assets		20			14			1			—			23			17
Other noncurrent assets		—			—			—			1			—			1
Goodwill (bargain purchase)		25			16			(2	)		1			26			22
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(35	)		(8	)		(11	)		(14	)		(9	)		(4	)
Deferred taxes - net		—			(3	)		(2	)		—			—			(9	)
Purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	58		$	25		$	41		$	65		$	78		$	39
Less: value of common stock issued		—			—			—			—			—			20
Less: accrued but unpaid contingent consideration		—			—			—			—			1			—
Net cash paid	$	58		$	25		$	41		$	65		$	77		$	19

In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other, the Company is required to test its goodwill for impairment annually, or more often if there is an indication that goodwill might be impaired. Given the historical valuations of the Company’s former magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit that have resulted in goodwill impairment in prior years, combined with the change in the composition of the carrying value of the reporting unit due to the ~~recent~~ acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company determined it necessary to perform ~~an interim~~ goodwill impairment ~~review~~reviews on this reporting unit as of September 30, 2017, and again as of December 31, 2017 due to the acquisitions that were completed after September 30, 2017.

As a result ~~for~~of the ~~three months ended September, 2017,~~goodwill impairment tests, and consistent with prior goodwill impairment tests, the ~~Company recorded~~Company’s former magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit’s fair value continued to be at a ~~non-cash charge~~value below its carrying value. This is primarily due to the negative revenue trends experienced in recent years that are only partially offset by the impact of ~~$55 million~~the new acquisitions. The charges to recognize the impairment of goodwill ~~for~~in the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit were $55 million and $18 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The total charge was $73 million for 2017,resulting in zero goodwill associated with the ~~Print segment. Refer to Note 6,~~ ~~Restructuring, Impairment~~former magazines, catalogs and ~~Other Charges, for further details on this non-cash charge.~~retail inserts reporting unit as of December 31, 2017.

~~The purchase price allocations for Publishers Press, NECI, CREEL, and Fairrington are preliminary because the valuations necessary to assess the fair values~~As a result of the ~~net assets~~Company’s change in reportable segments and ~~liabilities acquired are still~~reporting units during the third quarter of 2018, as discussed in ~~process. The primary areas that are not yet finalized relate~~Note 15, Segment Information, the impairment charges recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2017 in the Company’s former magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting units were restated in 2018 to the valuation of certain assets and liabilities. The final purchase price allocations may differ from what is currently reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements, and could affect goodwill impairment in the future.reporting units below:

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

~~The fair values of other intangible assets and goodwill associated with~~Goodwill will be tested in future periods based on the acquisitions were determined to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy. The following table presents the fair value, valuation techniques and related unobservable inputs for these Level 3 measurements:new reporting unit structure.

The fair values of goodwill, other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment associated with the acquisitions were determined to be Level 3 under the fair value ~~hierarchy.~~ hierarchy, which included discounted cash flow analyses, comparable marketplace fair value data and management’s assumptions for the goodwill impairment charges. Property, plant and equipment values were estimated using either the cost or market approach, if a secondhand market existed. The following table presents the fair value, valuation techniques and related unobservable inputs for these Level 3 measurements:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $2 million and $4 million of acquisition-related expenses, respectively, associated with the completed and contemplated acquisitions within selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded $2 million and $3 million of acquisition-related expenses, respectively, associated with the completed and contemplated ~~acquisitions described above within selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.~~

~~On December 2, 2016, the Company acquired Continuum Management Company, LLC (“Continuum”),~~ ~~a print procurement and management business. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s print management’s capabilities. The Company paid $7 million in cash in 2016.~~ An additional $2 million in cash was paid during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as part of a final working capital adjustment for a total purchase price of $9 million, of which $5 million was recorded in goodwill. ~~The operations of Continuum are included in the Print segment.~~

~~There were no acquisition-related expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.~~acquisitions.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 presents the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ statements of operations of the Company and the acquisitions described above, as if the acquisitions had occurred as of January 1 of the year prior to the acquisitions.

The unaudited pro forma financial information is not intended to represent or be indicative of the Company’s condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ statements of operations that would have been reported had these acquisitions been completed as of the beginning of the period presented and should not be taken as indicative of the Company’s future condensed consolidated statements of operations. Pro forma adjustments are tax-effected at the applicable statutory tax rates.

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

The following table outlines unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016:~~2017:

Additionally, the nonrecurring pro forma adjustments affecting net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 were as follows:

Note: A negative number in the table above represents a decrease to income in pro forma net income.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASC 606”, or the “standard”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2017 were prepared and continue to be reported under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, which is also referred to herein as "previous guidance."

The Company assessed all aspects of the standard’s potential impact and focused further assessment on customized products, deferred revenue and certain items in inventory, which are areas that were determined could have had a material impact on the Company’s accounting for revenue. Potential impacts of other aspects of the standard have not had a material impact to the Company’s accounting for revenue.

The Company completed the evaluation of whether the accounting for revenue from customized products should be over time or at a point in time under the standard. Based on analysis of specific terms associated with current customer contracts, the Company concluded that revenue should be recognized at a point in time for substantially all customized products. This treatment is consistent with revenue recognition under previous guidance, where revenue was recognized when the products were completed and shipped to the customer (dependent upon specific shipping terms). Any contracts whereby revenue for customized products should be recognized over time, as opposed to a point in time, are immaterial due to the de minimis nature of any particular order under such contracts in production at any given point in time. As revenue recognition is dependent upon individual contractual terms, the Company will continue its evaluation of any new or amended contracts entered into, including contracts that the Company might assume as a result of acquisition activity.

With respect to deferred revenue and certain items in inventory, the Company determined ASC 606 impacted the following situations:

Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company eliminated any deferred revenue and inventory associated with the above three categories against its accumulated deficit within total equity. Based upon the balances that existed as of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded adjustments to the following accounts as of January 1, 2018:

As a result of the above adjustments, total assets decreased by $3 million, total liabilities decreased by $12 million and total equity increased by $9 million. The equity adjustment was net of tax of $3 million.

The following tables compare impacted accounts from the reported condensed consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations, as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, to their pro forma amounts had the previous guidance been in effect:

The difference between the reported balances and the pro forma balances above is due to the deferred revenue and inventory in the pro forma balances associated with completed production billed to the customer but not yet shipped, completed production held in inventory (including consigned inventory) and safety stock.

	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018									September 30, 2018
							Pro forma									Pro forma
				Adjustments			as if the						Adjustments			as if the
				from			previous						from			previous
				Adoption of			standard						Adoption of			standard
	As Reported			ASC 606			was in effect			As Reported			ASC 606			were in effect
Net sales	$	1,015		$	(11	)	$	1,004		$	2,887		$	(5	)	$	2,882
Cost of sales		862			(8	)		854			2,468			(4	)		2,464
Income tax expense		35			(1	)		34			36			—			36

Net (loss) per common share
Basic net (loss) per share	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.24	)
Diluted net (loss) per share		(0.12	)		(0.06	)		(0.18	)		(0.21	)		(0.03	)		(0.24	)

The differences between the reported balances and the pro forma balances above are due to the following impacts:

The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s cash flows from operating activities.

The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time for substantially all customized products. The point in time when revenue is recognized is when the performance obligation has been completed and the customer obtains control of the products, which is generally upon shipment to the customer (dependent upon specific shipping terms).

Under agreements with certain customers, custom products may be stored by the Company for future delivery. Based upon contractual terms, the Company is typically able to recognize revenue once the performance obligation is satisfied and the customer obtains control of the completed product, usually when it completes production (depending on the specific facts and circumstances). In these situations, the Company may also receive a logistics or warehouse management fee for the services it provides, which the Company recognizes over time as the services are provided.

With certain customer contracts, the Company is permitted to complete a pre-defined amount of custom products and hold such inventory until the customer requests shipment (which generally is required to be delivered in the same year as production). For these items, which include consigned inventory, the Company has the contractual right to receive payment once the production is completed, regardless of the ultimate delivery date. Based upon contractual terms, the Company recognizes revenue once the performance obligation has been satisfied and the customer obtains control of the completed products, usually when production is completed.

In very limited situations, the Company is permitted to produce and hold in inventory a pre-defined amount of custom products as safety stock. Similar to completed production held in inventory, for these items, the Company has the contractual right to receive payment for the pre-defined amount once the production is completed, regardless of the ultimate delivery date. Based upon our evaluation of the contractual terms, the Company is able to recognize revenue once the performance obligation has been satisfied and the customer obtains control of the completed product, usually when production is completed.

Revenue from the Company’s print related services (including list processing, mail sortation services and supply chain management) is recognized as services are completed over time.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services, which is based on transaction prices set forth in contracts with customers and an estimate of variable consideration, as applicable.

Variable consideration resulting from volume rebates, fixed rebates, penalties or credits for paper consumption, and sales discounts that are offered within contracts between the Company and its customers is recognized in the period the related revenue is recognized. Estimates of variable consideration are based on stated contract terms and an analysis of historical experience. The amount of variable consideration is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period.

A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, such as co-mail and catalog production, the transaction price allocated to each performance obligation is based on the price stated in the customer contract, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.

Billings for shipping and handling costs are recorded gross. The Company made an accounting policy election under ASC 606 to account for shipping and handling after the customer obtains control of the good as fulfillment activities rather than as a separate service to the customer. As a result, the Company accrues the costs of the shipping and handling if revenue is recognized for the related good before the fulfillment activities occur.

Many of the Company’s operations process materials, primarily paper, that may be supplied directly by customers or may be purchased by the Company and sold to customers as part of the end product. No revenue is recognized for customer-supplied paper, but revenues for Company-supplied paper are recognized on a gross basis. As a result, the Company’s reported sales and margins may be impacted by the mix of customer-supplied paper and Company-supplied paper.

The Company records taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis.

Contracts do not contain a significant financing component as payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically between 30 to 120 days, based on the Company’s credit assessment of individual customers, as well as industry expectations.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in accounts receivable and unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Revenue recognition generally coincides with the Company’s contractual right to consideration and the issuance of invoices to customers. Depending on the nature of the performance obligation and arrangements with customers, the timing of the issuance of invoices may result in contract assets or contract liabilities. Contract assets related to unbilled receivables are recognized for satisfied performance obligations for which the Company cannot yet issue an invoice. Contract liabilities result from advances or deposits from customers on performance obligations not yet satisfied.

Because the majority of the Company’s products are customized, product returns are not significant; however, the Company accrues for the estimated amount of customer returns at the time of sale.

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major products/service lines and timing of revenue recognition, and includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with reportable segments.

	Three Months Ended										Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018										September 30, 2018
	Magazines,										Magazines,
	Catalogs										Catalogs
	and				Office						and				Office
	Logistics		Book		Products		Other		Total		Logistics		Book		Products		Other		Total
Major Products / Service Lines
Book_(a)	$	—	$	282	$	—	$	—	$	282	$	—	$	797	$	—	$	—	$	797

Magazines and Catalogs _(b)	$	353	$	—	$	—	$	99	$	452	$	1,126	$	—	$	—	$	290	$	1,416
North America		353		—		—		44		397		1,126		—		—		126		1,252
Europe		—		—		—		55		55		—		—		—		164		164

Logistics	$	110	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	110	$	165	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	165

Directories	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	26	$	26	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	87	$	87
North America		—		—		—		21		21		—		—		—		73		73
Europe		—		—		—		5		5		—		—		—		14		14

Office Products	$	—	$	—	$	145	$	—	$	145	$	—	$	—	$	422	$	—	$	422
Total	$	463	$	282	$	145	$	125	$	1,015	$	1,291	$	797	$	422	$	377	$	2,887

Timing of Revenue Recognition
Products and services transferred at a point in time	$	329	$	245	$	145	$	105	$	824	$	1,039	$	702	$	422	$	323	$	2,486
Products and services transferred over time		134		37		—		20		191		252		95		—		54		401
Total	$	463	$	282	$	145	$	125	$	1,015	$	1,291	$	797	$	422	$	377	$	2,887

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows:

Transactions affecting the allowances for doubtful accounts receivable balance during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows:

In connection with the adoption of ASC 606, the Company is required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs. As of December 31, 2017 under previous guidance, the Company had capitalized $36 million in contract acquisition costs related to contracts that were not completed. The Company did not have any other costs that were required to be capitalized on January 1, 2018 with the adoption of ASC 606. For contracts that have a duration of less than one year, the Company follows the ASC 606 practical expedient approach and expenses these costs when incurred; for contracts with life exceeding one year, the Company records these costs in proportion to each completed contract performance obligation. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the amount of amortization was $2 million and $8 million, respectively, and there was no impairment loss in relation to costs capitalized.

The components of the Company’s inventories, net of excess and obsolescence reserves for raw materials and finished goods, at September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017 were as follows:

The components of the Company’s property, plant and equipment at September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017 were as follows:

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, depreciation expense was $27 million and $86 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, depreciation expense was $34 million and $102 million, respectively. ~~During the three~~

Primarily as a result of restructuring actions, certain facilities and ~~nine months ended~~equipment are considered held for sale. The net book value of assets held for sale was $4 million at September 30, ~~2016, depreciation expense was $35~~2018 and $7 million at December 31, 2017. These assets were included in prepaid expenses and ~~$112 million, respectively.~~other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at the lower of their historical net book value or their estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were as follows:

	Print			Office Products			Total			Magazines,
Net book value as of December 31, 2016
										Catalogs
										and Logistics			Book			Office Products			Other			Total		��
Net book value as of December 31, 2017
Goodwill	$	852		$	109		$	961		$	502		$	354		$	110		$	78		$	1,044
Accumulated impairment losses		(798	)		(79	)		(877	)		(502	)		(303	)		(79	)		(78	)		(962	)
Total		54			30			84			—			51			31			—			82
Acquisitions		52			1			53
Impairment charges		(55	)		—			(55	)
Net book value as of September 30, 2017
Acquisition											25			—			—			—			25
Net book value as of September 30, 2018
Goodwill		914			110			1,024			527			354			110			5			996
Accumulated impairment losses		(863	)		(79	)		(942	)		(502	)		(303	)		(79	)		(5	)		(889	)
Total	$	51		$	31		$	82		$	25		$	51		$	31		$	—		$	107

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $55 million to recognize the impairment of goodwill for the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit in the Print segment. See Note 6, ~~Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges, for further discussion regarding this impairment charge.~~

The components of other intangible assets at September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017 were as follows:

	September 30, 2017							December 31, 2016
	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book		Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book		September 30, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Amount		Amortization			Value		Amount		Amortization			Value		Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book		Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book
															Amount		Amortization			Value		Amount		Amortization			Value
Customer relationships	$	242	$	(120	)	$	122	$	205	$	(109	)	$	96	$	271	$	(133	)	$	138	$	256	$	(125	)	$	131
Trade names		7		(3	)		4		5		(2	)		3		9		(6	)		3		9		(4	)		5
Total amortizable other intangible assets		249		(123	)		126		210		(111	)		99		280		(139	)		141		265		(129	)		136
Indefinite-lived trade names		32		—			32		32		—			32		24		—			24		24		—			24
Total other intangible assets	$	281	$	(123	)	$	158	$	242	$	(111	)	$	131	$	304	$	(139	)	$	165	$	289	$	(129	)	$	160

The Company recorded customer relationships additions to other intangible assets of ~~$39~~$20 million for ~~acquisitions~~the Print Logistics acquisition during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~ 2018, that has an amortization period of 10 years.

~~The components of other intangible assets added during~~During the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017 were as follows:~~

2018, amortization expense for other intangible assets was $5 million and $14 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, amortization expense for other intangible assets was $4 million and $12 million, respectively. ~~During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, amortization expense for other intangible assets was $4 million and $13 million, respectively.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

The following table outlines the estimated annual amortization expense related to other intangible assets:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, the Company recorded the following net restructuring, impairment and other charges:

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017

Employee
Terminations

Other
Restructuring
Charges

Total
Restructuring
Charges

Impairment

Other
Charges

Total

Print

$
—

$
2

$
2

$
55

$
1

$
58

Corporate

—

2

2

—

—

2

Total

$
—

$
4

$
4

$
55

$
1

$
60

				Other			Total
Three Months Ended	Employee			Restructuring			Restructuring				Other
September 30, 2018	Terminations			Charges			Charges		Impairment		Charges		Total
Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics	$	(1	)	$	1		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Book		—			1			1		—		—		1
Office Products		—			—			—		—		—		—
Other		1			(1	)		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—		$	1		$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016	Employee Terminations		Other Restructuring Charges		Total Restructuring Charges		Impairment			Other Charges		Total
Print	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	(1	)	$	1	$	1
																Other		Total
Three Months Ended														Employee		Restructuring		Restructuring				Other
September 30, 2017														Terminations		Charges		Charges		Impairment		Charges		Total
Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics														$	—	$	1	$	1	$	50	$	—	$	51
Book															—		1		1		—		1		2
Office Products															—		—		—		—		—		—
Other															—		—		—		5		—		5
Corporate		2		—		2		—			—		2		—		2		2		—		—		2
Total	$	2	$	1	$	3	$	(1	)	$	1	$	3	$	—	$	4	$	4	$	55	$	1	$	60

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded the following net restructuring, impairment and other charges:~~

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred a de minimis amount of employee-related termination charges, which was offset by a reversal of previously incurred employee-related restructuring charges of less than $1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred charges of $7 million for an aggregate of 329 employees, of whom 275 were terminated as of or prior to September 30, 2018, primarily related to the closure of one facility in the Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics segment and the reorganization of certain business units and corporate functions. The Company incurred net other restructuring charges of $1 million and $11 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to charges related to facility costs, a loss related to the Company's disposition of its retail offset printing facilities and pension withdrawal obligations related to facility closures, partially offset by a gain related to the disposition of the Company’s European printing business on September 28, 2018.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred employee-related restructuring charges of a de minimis amount and $7 million for an aggregate of 516 employees, substantially all of whom ~~450~~ were terminated as of or prior to September 30, ~~2017.~~ 2018. These charges primarily related to one facility closure in the ~~Print~~Book segment and the reorganization of certain business units. The Company incurred other restructuring charges of $4 million and $22 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, primarily related to charges incurred as a result of a terminated supplier contract and the exit from certain operations and facilities.

~~As explained in~~Refer to Note 2, Business Combinations and Disposition, the Company completed several acquisitions during the three months ended September 30, 2017, three of which are now included in the Company’s magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit, which is part of the Print segment. The goodwill arising from each acquisition was determinedfor information on ~~a stand-alone basis for each particular transaction based on each transaction’s individual facts and circumstances, in accordance with ASC 805,~~ ~~Business Combinations. Per~~ the guidance in ASC 805, goodwill was recognized on each transaction given that the consideration transferred for each transaction was in excess of the net amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Furthermore, the consideration transferred, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed were all measured at the acquisition-date fair value, which is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction, between market participants, at the acquisition date.

~~In accordance with ASC 350,~~ ~~Intangibles — Goodwill and Other~~, the Company is required to test its goodwill for impairment annually, or more often if there is an indication that goodwill might be impaired. For purposes of the goodwill impairment test, goodwill is not tested based upon the individual transactions that gave rise to the goodwill, but rather based upon the reporting unit’s total goodwill and the characteristics of the reporting unit in which the goodwill resides. Therefore, the level at which goodwill is tested for impairment is different from the level that originally created the goodwill. In the Company’s case, the test is performed based upon the total carrying value of the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit and that reporting unit’s total implied fair value. Carrying value is determined based upon the net book value of assets and liabilities required for the operations of the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit, while fair value is determined based upon a discounted cash flows analysis of the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

The Company’s policy is to perform its annual test of goodwill for impairment as of October 31 of each year. Prior to the acquisitions completed within the last twelve months, the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit had zero goodwill recorded, as goodwill associated with this reporting unit had been fully impaired in prior years. Given the historical valuations of the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit that have resulted in goodwill impairment in prior years, combined with the change in the composition of the carrying value of the reporting unit due to the recent acquisitions, the Company determined it necessary to perform an interim goodwill impairment review on this reporting unit as of September 30, 2017.

As a result of the interim goodwill impairment test, and consistent with prior goodwill impairment tests, the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit’s fair value continued to be at a value below its carrying value. This is primarily due to the negative revenue trends experienced in recent years that are only partially offset by the impact of the new acquisitions. As such, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $55 million of impairment recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to recognize the impairment of goodwill in this reporting unit. The goodwill impairment charges were determined using Level 3 inputs, including discounted cash flow analyses, comparable marketplace fair value data and management’s assumptions.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company incurred other restructuring charges of $1 million and $4 million, respectively. Additionally, the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 included net restructuring charges of $2 million and $4 million, respectively, for employee termination costs for an aggregate of 48 employees, substantially all of whom were terminated as of or prior to September 30, 2017. These charges primarily related to one facility closure in the Print segment and the reorganization of certain operations. The Company also recorded a reversal of previously recorded impairment charges of $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. There was also a de minimis amount of net impairment charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

~~The restructuring reserve as of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were as follows:~~

The current portion of restructuring reserves of $11 million at September 30, 2017 was included in accrued liabilities, while the long-term portion of $13 million, which primarily related to multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations related to facility closures and lease termination costs, was included in other noncurrent liabilities at September 30, 2017.

~~The Company anticipates that payments associated with the employee terminations reflected in the above table will be substantially completed by September 30, 2018.~~

Payments on all of the Company’s multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations are scheduled to be completed by 2034. Changes based on uncertainties in these estimated withdrawal obligations could affect the ultimate charges related to multiemployer pension plan withdrawals.

The restructuring liabilities classified as “lease terminations and other” consisted of lease terminations and other facility closing costs. Payments on certain of the lease obligations are scheduled to continue until 2018. Market conditions and the Company’s ability to sublease these properties could affect the ultimate charges related to the lease obligations. Any potential recoveries or additional charges could affect amounts reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated and combined financial statements.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company recorded ~~other charges of~~a de minimis amount and $1 million ~~and $3 million, respectively,~~of other charges for multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations unrelated to facility closures. The total liability for the withdrawal obligations associated with the Company’s decision to withdraw from certain multiemployer pension plans included $3 million in accrued liabilities and ~~other noncurrent~~$19 million in restructuring and multiemployer pension plan liabilities ~~are $6 million and $37 million, respectively,~~ at September 30, ~~2017.~~2018.

The Company’s withdrawal liabilities could be affected by the financial stability of other employers participating in such plans and any decisions by those employers to withdraw from such plans in the future. While it is not possible to quantify the potential impact of future events or circumstances, reductions in other employers’ participation in multiemployer pension plans, including certain plans from which the Company has previously withdrawn, could have a material effect on the Company’s previously estimated withdrawal liabilities and condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2017, the Company recorded other charges of $1 million and $3 million, respectively, for multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations unrelated to facility closures.

The restructuring reserve as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows:

The current portion of restructuring reserves of $9 million at September 30, 2018 was included in accrued liabilities, while the long-term portion of $27 million, which primarily related to multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations related to facility closures, was included in restructuring and multiemployer pension liabilities at September 30, 2018.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company reclassified $19 million of multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations from non-restructuring liabilities to restructuring liabilities, of which $3 million and $16 million were recorded in the current and long-term portions of the reserves, respectively. The reclassification was primarily due to a facility closure in the Print segment during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The Company anticipates that payments associated with the employee terminations reflected in the above table will be substantially completed by September 30, 2019.

The restructuring liabilities classified as “other” consisted of other facility closing costs.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to the ~~sole sponsor~~protection of ~~certain defined benefit pension plans, which~~the environment. The Company accrues for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are adjusted as new information develops or circumstances change and are generally not discounted. The Company has been designated as a potentially responsible party or has received claims in nine active federal and state Superfund and other multiparty remediation sites. In addition to these sites, the Company may also have the obligation to remediate three other previously and currently owned facilities. At the Superfund sites, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act provides that the Company’s liability could be joint and several, meaning that the Company could be required to pay an amount in excess of its proportionate share of the remediation costs.

The Company’s understanding of the financial strength of other potentially responsible parties at the multiparty sites and of other liable parties at the previously owned facilities has been ~~reflected~~considered, where appropriate, in the determination of the Company’s estimated liability. The Company established reserves, recorded in accrued liabilities and other noncurrent liabilities, that it believes are adequate to cover its share of the potential costs of remediation at each of the multiparty sites and the previously and currently owned facilities. It is not possible to quantify with certainty the potential impact of actions regarding environmental matters, particularly remediation and other compliance efforts that the Company may undertake in the future. However, in the opinion of management, compliance with the present environmental protection laws, before taking into account estimated recoveries from third parties, will not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, asstatements of ~~September 30, 2017~~operations and ~~December 31, 2016. At the separation date,~~ the Company assumed and recorded certain pension obligations and plan assets in single employer plans for the Company’s employees and certain former employees and retirees. The Company recorded a net benefit plan obligation of $358 million as of October 1, 2016 related to these plans. On June 30, 2017, the Company recorded a $6 million increase to this net obligation as a result of the final actuarial valuation of the Company’s qualified plan assets that was completed in June 2017. Additionally, the Company’s United Kingdom pension plan was transferred to RRD at the separation date and, as a result, the Company recorded a reduction in its net benefit plan assets of $7 million as of October 1, 2016. cash flows.

~~The components of~~From time to time, the ~~estimated net pension benefits plan income~~Company’s customers and others file voluntary petitions for reorganization under United States bankruptcy laws. In such cases, certain pre-petition payments received by the ~~three~~Company from these parties could be considered preference items and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are disclosed~~subject to return. In addition, the Company may be party to certain litigation arising in the ~~table below. Amounts shown for~~ordinary course of business. Management believes that the ~~three~~final resolution of these preference items and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017 include pension income for~~litigation will not have a material effect on the Company’s ~~qualified~~condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and non-qualified plans, certain plans in Mexico and plans acquired as a result of the acquisitions of Esselte Corporation (“Esselte”) and Courier Corporation (“Courier”). Amounts shown for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 include pension income for certain plans in the United Kingdom and Mexico and plans acquired as a result of the the acquisitions of Esselte and Courier.cash flows.

Prior to the separation, certain employees of the Company participated in certain pension and postretirement healthcare plans sponsored by RRD. For RRD-sponsored defined benefit and postemployment plans, the Company recorded net pension and postretirement income of $8 million and $28 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 in addition to the amounts disclosed above.

The Company recorded non-cash settlement charges of $1 million in selling, general and administrative expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2016 in connection with settlement payments from an early buyout of certain former Esselte employees. These charges resulted from the recognition in earnings of a portion of the actuarial losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss based on the proportion of the obligation settled.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Company’s debt at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:

On September 30, 2016, the Company issued $450 million of Senior Secured Notes (the “Senior Notes”).

On September 30, 2016 the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) that provides for (i) a senior secured term loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and ~~2016~~(ii) a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The debt issuance costs and original issue discount are being amortized over the life of the facilities using the effective interest method.

The Credit Agreement is subject to a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and a Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in and calculated pursuant to the Credit Agreement, that, in part, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers and consolidations, make restricted payments and dispose of certain assets. The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $50 million in the aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

On November 17, 2017, the Company amended the Credit Agreement to reduce the interest rate for the Term Loan Facility by 50 basis points and the LIBOR “floor” was also reduced by 25 basis points. Other terms, including the outstanding principal, maturity date and debt covenants were not amended. Select terms of the Term Loan Facility before and after the amendment include:

Under the terms of the Term Loan Facility, each of the syndicated lenders is deemed to have loaned a specific amount to the Company and has the right to repayment from the Company directly. Therefore, we concluded that the Term Loan Facility is a loan syndication under U.S. GAAP. As such, in order to determine whether the debt was modified or extinguished as a result of the amendment, we examined the amount of principal pre- and post-amendment by individual lender. As a result, we determined that $65 million of outstanding principal had been extinguished as of November 17, 2017, even though the total outstanding principal amongst all lenders pre- and post-amendment remained unchanged.

~~Note 8. Equity~~Consequently, the amendment resulted in a pre-tax loss on debt extinguishment of $3 million related to the unamortized discount and debt issuance costs attributable to the $65 million of outstanding principal that had been considered extinguished. There was no net impact as of November 17, 2017 to cash and cash equivalents, total outstanding principal remained unchanged, and no cash was exchanged between the lenders and the Company (other than customary administrative fees).

On February 2, 2017, the Company paid in advance for the Term Loan Facility the full amount of required amortization payments, $50 million, for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The fair values of the Senior Notes and Term Loan Facility that were determined using the market approach based upon interest rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, were determined to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s ~~equity~~debt was greater than its book value by approximately $10 million and $20 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

There were $229 million and $75 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, ~~2016 and September 30,~~ 2017, ~~and changes~~respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on borrowings under the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility was 5.09% during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

There were $21 million and $59 million of net interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. There were $19 million and $52 million of net interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

On May 31, 2018, the Company completed the repurchase approved by the Board of Directors of 1.6 million shares of common stock for a total cost of $20 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded $9 million in equity adjustments as a result of the adoption of ASC 606. Refer to Note 3, Revenue Recognition, for more information.

On July 28, 2017, the Company issued approximately 1.0 million shares of common stock in conjunction with the Fairrington acquisition, which shares had a closing date value of $20 million.

On March 28, 2017, in connection with the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters as part of the secondary sale by RRD, LSC Communications ~~also~~ completed the sale of approximately 0.9 million shares of common stock, ~~with a value~~receiving proceeds of $18 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded certain separation-related adjustments ~~due~~related to the adjustment of assets and liabilities ~~recorded as of the separation date.~~resulting from transactions with RRD.

~~The Company’s equity as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were as follows:~~

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company used the net proceeds from the debt issuances to fund an $806 million cash dividend to RRD in connection with the separation. The cash dividend is included in net transfers to parent company balance. Refer to Note 13, ~~Debt, for more information.~~

~~During the three months ended September 30, 2017,~~On May 31, 2018, the Company ~~issued approximately 1.0~~completed the repurchase approved by the Board of Directors of 1.6 million shares of common stock ~~in conjunction with~~for a total cost of $20 million. There were no shares of common stock purchased by the ~~Fairrington acquisition.~~Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, ~~no shares~~a de minimis amount of ~~common stock were purchased by the Company, however,~~ shares were withheld from employees for tax liabilities upon vesting of equity awards.

On October 1, 2016 in connection with the separation, RRD distributed approximately 26.2 million shares of LSC Communications common stock to RRD stockholders and retained approximately 6.2 million shares. On March 28, 2017, RRD completed the sale of its approximately 6.2 million shares of LSC Communications common stock. ~~Additionally, on March 28, 2017, in connection with the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters as part of the secondary sale by RRD, LSC Communications completed the sale of~~ ~~approximately~~ ~~0.9 million shares of common stock.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to the Company’s stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In computing diluted EPS, basic EPS is adjusted for the assumed issuance of all potentially dilutive share-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and PSUs. The computations of basic and diluted EPS for periods prior to the separation were calculated using the shares distributed and retained by RRD on October 1, 2016. The same number of shares was used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share since there were no LSC Communications equity awards outstanding prior to the separation.

The following table shows the calculation of basic and diluted EPS, as well as a reconciliation of basic shares to diluted shares:

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended				Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,				September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016		2017		2016		2018			2017			2018			2017
Net (loss) earnings per common share:
Basic	$	(0.07	)	$	1.17	$	0.03	$	2.99	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.03
Diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	1.17	$	0.03	$	2.99	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.03
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.25		$	—	$	0.75	$	—	$	0.26		$	0.25		$	0.78		$	0.75
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(3	)	$	38	$	1	$	97	$	(4	)	$	(3	)	$	(7	)	$	1
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		34.2			32.4		33.5		32.4		33.2			34.2			34.0			33.5
Dilutive options and awards		—			—		0.3		—		—			—			—			0.3
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding		34.2			32.4		33.8		32.4		33.2			34.2			34.0			33.8

~~The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and income tax expense allocated to each component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:~~

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, translation adjustments and income tax expense on pension plan cost were adjusted to reflect previously recorded deferred taxes at their historical exchange rates.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Company is the sole sponsor of certain defined benefit pension plans that are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The components of the estimated net pension (income) loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

The total net periodic income for the three and ~~2016~~nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is included in the investment and other income-net line item in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company’s accounting for the Tax Act remains provisional for amounts recorded as of December 31, 2017. As disclosed in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K (Note 14, Income Taxes) for the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company was able to reasonably estimate certain effects, and therefore, recorded provisional adjustments associated with the one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of post-1986 undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and the remeasurement of deferred taxes. The Company has not recorded any potential deferred tax effects related to global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) and has not made a policy decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes on GILTI or in the period in which the tax is incurred.

The Company has not made any additional measurement-period adjustments related to these items during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company is continuing to gather additional information to complete the accounting for these items and expects to complete the accounting within the prescribed measurement period.

As described in Note 2, Business Combinations and Disposition, the Company completed the sale of ~~December 31, 2016 and~~its European printing business on September ~~30, 2017 and changes during~~28, 2018. The 2018 tax provision reflects the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017 were as follows:~~impact of the sale which includes the elimination of tax balances related to the sold entities. A $25 million non-cash provision was recorded primarily for the write-off of a deferred tax asset associated with the entities disposed.

~~Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were as follows:~~ Income Tax Rates

~~Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss~~The effective income tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 reflect a $25 million non-cash tax provision related to the disposition of the Company’s European printing business. Additionally, the rates were impacted by the Tax Act including the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%, partially offset by the tax resulting from the inclusion of certain foreign-sourced earnings, referred to as the GILTI tax, as well as changes in deductions and ~~2016 were as follows:~~ permanent book-to-tax differences.

The following table summarizes accumulated other comprehensive loss by component as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”) in the first quarter of 2018. As a result of applying this standard in the period of adoption, the Company reclassified $97 million relating to the change in tax rate from accumulated other comprehensive loss to accumulated deficit in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet during the three months ended March 31, 2018. ASU 2018-02 eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users.

The following table summarizes accumulated other comprehensive loss by component as of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Refer to the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the components of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company realigned the reportable segments and reporting units to reflect its evolution since its separation from RRD in 2016, as well as changes from recent acquisition and disposal activity. All prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the Company’s current reporting structure.

The ~~Print~~Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics segment primarily produces magazines and catalogs, ~~retail inserts, books,~~as well as provides logistics services to the Company and ~~directories.~~other third-parties. The segment also provides ~~supply-chain management and~~ certain other print-related services, including mail-list management and ~~sortation, e-book formatting and distribution.~~sortation. The segment has operations primarily in the U.S.~~, Europe~~ The Magazines, Catalogs and ~~Mexico. The Print~~Logistics segment is divided into two reporting units: magazines and catalogs; and logistics.

The Book segment produces books for publishers primarily in the ~~magazines, catalogs~~U.S. The segment also provides supply-chain management services and ~~retail inserts,~~warehousing and fulfillment services, as well as e-book formatting for book ~~Europe and directories reporting units.~~ publishers.

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

The Office Products segment manufactures and sells branded and private label products in five core categories: filing products, envelopes, note-taking products, binder products, ~~forms,~~ and ~~envelopes.~~forms.

The Other grouping consists of the following non-reportable segments: Europe, Directories, Mexico, and Print Management. Mexico produces magazines, catalogs, statements, forms, and labels. Print Management provides outsourced print procurement and management services. The Company disposed of its European printing business in the third quarter of 2018.

Corporate consists of unallocated selling, general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, communications, certain facility costs and LIFO inventory provisions. In addition, ~~certain costs and earnings of employee benefit plans, such as pension benefit plan income and~~ share-based compensation ~~are~~expense is included in Corporate and not allocated to the operating segments. ~~Prior to the separation, many of these costs were based on allocations from RRD, however, the Company has incurred such costs directly after the separation.~~

The Company has disclosed income (loss) from operations as the primary measure of segment earnings (loss). This is the measure of profitability used by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker and is most consistent with the presentation of profitability reported with the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements.

	Net Sales		Income (loss) from Operations			Depreciation and Amortization		Capital Expenditures				Income (Loss)			Depreciation
Three months ended September 30, 2017
Print	$	819	$	(10	)	$	35	$	9
Three Months Ended										Net		from			and		Capital
September 30, 2018										Sales		Operations			Amortization		Expenditures
Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics										$	463	$	1		$	16	$	6
Book											282		21			12		7
Office Products		116		11			4		1		145		15			4		—
Total operating segments		935		1			39		10
Total reportable segments											890		37			32		13
Other											125		9			2		1
Corporate		—		(8	)		—		5		—		(5	)		—		1
Total operations	$	935	$	(7	)	$	39	$	15	$	1,015	$	41		$	34	$	15

	Net Sales		Income (loss) from Operations			Depreciation and Amortization		Capital Expenditures				Income (Loss)					Depreciation
Three months ended September 30, 2016
Print	$	822	$	48		$	36	$	14
Nine Months Ended										Net		from			Assets of		and		Capital
September 30, 2018										Sales		Operations			Operations		Amortization		Expenditures
Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics										$	1,291	$	(19	)	$	795	$	47	$	20
Book											797		49			610		39		25
Office Products		127		11			4		1		422		30			363		11		1
Total operating segments		949		59			40		15
Total reportable segments											2,510		60			1,768		97		46
Other											377		23			102		8		3
Corporate		—		(2	)		—		1		—		(30	)		102		1		3
Total operations	$	949	$	57		$	40	$	16	$	2,887	$	53		$	1,972	$	106	$	52

Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Net Sales		Income (loss) from Operations			Assets of Operations		Depreciation and Amortization		Capital Expenditures				Income (Loss)					Depreciation
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Print	$	2,338	$	114		$	1,602	$	118	$	28
Nine Months Ended												Net		from			Assets of		and		Capital
September 30, 2017												Sales		Operations			Operations		Amortization		Expenditures
Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics												$	1,099	$	(51	)	$	813	$	52	$	20
Book													777		53			621		46		12
Office Products		397		38			323		12		3		352		32			316		11		3
Total operating segments		2,735		152			1,925		130		31
Total reportable segments													2,228		34			1,750		109		35
Other													376		22			233		8		9
Corporate		—		(4	)		23		—		4		—		(60	)		90		1		7
Total operations	$	2,735	$	148		$	1,948	$	130	$	35	$	2,604	$	(4	)	$	2,073	$	118	$	51

Restructuring, impairment and other charges by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 are disclosed in Note 6,7, Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company accrues for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are adjusted as new information develops or circumstances change and are generally not discounted. The Company has been designated as a potentially responsible party or has received claims in ten active federal and state Superfund and other multiparty remediation sites. In addition to these sites, the Company may also have the obligation to remediate four other previously and currently owned facilities. At the Superfund sites, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act provides that the Company’s liability could be joint and several, meaning that the Company could be required to pay an amount in excess of its proportionate share of the remediation costs.

From time to time, the Company’s customers and others file voluntary petitions for reorganization under United States bankruptcy laws. In such cases, certain pre-petition payments received by the Company from these parties could be considered preference items and subject to return. In addition, the Company may be party to certain litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that the final resolution of these preference items and litigation will not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated and combined balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.

~~The Company’s debt at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

On September 30, 2016, the Company issued $450 million of 8.75% Senior Secured Notes (the “Senior Notes”) due October 15, 2023. Interest on the Senior Notes is due semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, commencing on April 15, 2017. Net proceeds from the offering of the Senior Notes (the “Notes Offering”) were distributed to RRD in the form of a dividend. The Company did not retain any proceeds from the Notes Offering.

The Senior Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture where certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company guarantee the Senior Notes (the “Guarantors”). The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior secured basis, jointly and severally, by the Guarantors, which are comprised of each of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations. The Senior Notes are not guaranteed by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries or unrestricted subsidiaries. The Senior Notes and the related guarantees are secured on a first-priority lien basis by the collateral, subject to certain exceptions and permitted liens. The Indenture governing the Senior Notes contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including limitations on: (1) liens; (2) indebtedness; (3) mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; (4) sales, transfers and other dispositions of assets; (5) loans and other investments; (6) dividends and other distributions, stock repurchases and redemptions and other restricted payments; (7) restrictions affecting subsidiaries; (8) transactions with affiliates; and (9) designations of unrestricted subsidiaries. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

On September 30, 2016 the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) which provides for (i) a new senior secured term loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and (ii) a new senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The interest rate per annum applicable to the Term Loan Facility is equal to, at the Company’s option, either a base rate plus a margin of 5.00% or LIBOR plus a margin of 6.00%. The LIBOR rate is subject to a “floor” of 1%. The interest rate per annum applicable to the Revolving Credit Facility is equal to a base rate plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.25%, or LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.75% to 3.25%, in either case based upon the Consolidated Leverage Ratio of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries. Interest on the Credit Agreement is due at least quarterly and commenced on December 31, 2016. The Term Loan Facility will amortize in quarterly installments of $13 million for the first eight quarters and $11 million for subsequent quarters. The debt issuance costs and original issue discount are being amortized over the life of the facilities using the effective interest method. The Term Loan Facility will mature on September 30, 2022 and the Revolving Credit Facility will mature on September 30, 2021.

The proceeds of any collection or other realization of collateral received in connection with the exercise of remedies and any distribution in respect of collateral in any bankruptcy proceeding will be applied first to repay amounts due under the Revolving Credit Facility before the lenders under the Term Loan Facility or the holders of the Senior Notes receive such proceeds.

The Credit Agreement is subject to a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and a Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in and calculated pursuant to the Credit Agreement, that, in part, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers and consolidations, make restricted payments and dispose of certain assets. The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $50 million in aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

The Company used the net proceeds from the Term Loan Facility to fund a cash dividend to RRD and to pay fees and expenses both related to the separation from RRD in October 2016. The Company intends to use any additional borrowings under the Credit Facilities for general corporate purposes, including the financing of permitted investments.

~~On February 2, 2017, the Company paid in advance the full amount of required amortization payments, $50 million, for the year ended December 31, 2017 for the Term Loan Facility.~~

The fair values of the Senior Notes and Term Loan Facility, which were determined using the market approach based upon interest rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, were determined to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s debt was greater than its book value by approximately $24 million and $22 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

There was $19 million and $52 million of net interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. There was $1 million and a de minimis amount of net interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

~~There were $140 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2017 and no borrowings as of December 31, 2016.~~ ~~The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the Credit Agreement was 4.31% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~

On March 28, 2017, RRD completed the sale of approximately 6.2 million shares of LSC Communications common stock, representing its entire 19.25% retained ownership.

~~Prior to the separation, the Company had not historically operated as a stand-alone business. In connection with the separation, the Company entered into commercial arrangements with RRD.~~ Under the terms of the commercial arrangements, RRD continues to provide, among other things, logistics, premedia, production and sales services to LSC Communications. In addition, LSC Communications continues to provide sales support services to RRD’s Asia and Mexico print and graphics management businesses in order to facilitate the importing of books and related products to the U.S. RRD also provides LSC Communications certain global outsourcing, technical support and other services.

Prior to the separation, RRD provided LSC Communications certain services, which included, but were not limited to, information technology, finance, legal, human resources, internal audit, treasury, tax, investor relations and executive oversight. RRD charged the Company for these services based on direct usage, when available, with the remainder allocated on a pro rata basis by revenue, headcount, or other measures. These allocations were reflected as follows in the condensed combined statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016:

The Company considered the expense methodologies and financial results to be reasonable for all periods presented. However, these allocations may not be indicative of the actual expenses that may have been incurred as an independent public company or the costs LSC Communications may incur in the future.

~~After the separation, the Company no longer receives or records allocations from RRD. The Company records transactions~~Transactions with RRD ~~as external arms-length transactions in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

Given that RRD sold its remaining stake in LSC Communications on March 28, 2017, the following information is presented ~~through~~for the three months ended March 31, 2017 only.

LSC Communications generates net revenue from sales to RRD’s subsidiaries. Net revenues from related party sales were $32 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Net revenues from related party sales were $19 million and $40 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. These amounts are included in the condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations.

LSC Communications utilizes RRD for freight, logistics and premedia services. ~~Included in the condensed consolidated and combined financial statements~~There were ~~costs~~cost of sales of $51 million related to freight, logistics and premedia services purchased from RRD ~~of $51 million~~ for the three months ended March 31, 2017. ~~Such~~These amounts ~~were~~ ~~$43 million and $135 million for~~are included in the ~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.~~ condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-07 “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” (“ASU 2017-07”). This ASU requires entities to disaggregate the service cost component from other components of net benefit cost and present it with other employee compensation costs. All other components of net benefit cost will need to be presented elsewhere on the income statement outside of income from operations. Only the service cost component would be eligible for capitalization into inventory. The standard is effective in the first quarter 2018. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2017-07, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $46 million and $45 million related to the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of net pension income out of income from operations to a line item outside of income from operations, resulting in no impact to net income.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). The standard eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, and instead, recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated. The standard is effective in the first quarter of 2020, with early adoption permitted on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 during the third quarter of 2017 and applied the standard to the ~~interim goodwill impairment review of the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit included in the Print segment as of September 30, 2017.~~

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01 "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business" (“ASU 2017-01”) in order to clarify the definition of a business as it relates to whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The standard becomes effective in the first quarter of 2018. The Company plans to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018. The impact is not expected to be material.

~~In August 2016, the FASB~~ issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”), which provided guidance on eight specific cash flow classification issues to reduce existing diversity in practice. The standard becomes effective in the first quarter of 2018. Early adoption of ASU 2016-15 is permitted, however, the Company plans to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018. The Company does not expect a significant impact to presentation on its condensed consolidated and combined statements of cash flows.

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements (Unaudited)~~

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09 “Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”) which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory withholding requirements, as well as the classification of share-based payment transactions on the statement of cash flows. The standard became effective in the first quarter of 2017. As early adoption of ASU 2016-09 is permitted, the Company adopted the standard in the fourth quarter of 2016. The election to early adopt ASU 2016-09 requires any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption, to be reflected. The requirements of ASU 2016-09 did not have a material impact to any of the periods presented.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842) Section A—Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification” (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires lessees to put most leases on the balance sheet but recognize expense on the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting. For lessors, ASU 2016-02 also modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. The standard ~~requires a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements and~~ is effective in the first quarter of 2019. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted, however, the Company plans to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2019. ~~The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02.~~

In ~~May 2014,~~July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. ~~2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~2018-11 “Leases (Topic ~~606)”~~842): Targeted Improvements” (“ASU ~~2014-09”~~2018-11”), which ~~outlines a single comprehensive model for entities~~permits companies to ~~use in accounting for revenue using a five-step process that supersedes virtually all existing revenue guidance. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional quantitative~~initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and qualitative disclosures. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-14 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date” (“ASU 2015-14”), which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09not restate periods prior to ~~January 1, 2018. Early adoption of ASU 2014-09 is permitted in the first quarter of 2017.~~

adoption. The Company plans to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018. The standard allows the option of either a full retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented, or a modified retrospective adoption approach, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period. The Company currently anticipates adopting the standard using the modified retrospective adoption approach.

During the second quarter of 2017, the Company completed the evaluation of whether the accounting for revenue of customized products should be over time or at a point in time under the new standard. Based on analysis of specific terms associated with current customer contracts, the Company has concluded that revenue should be recognized at a point in time for customized products. This treatment is consistent with revenue recognition under the current guidance, where revenue is recognized when the products are completed and shipped to the customer (dependent upon specific shipping terms). The Company will continue its evaluation of any new or amended contracts entered into through the date of adoption, including contracts that the Company might assume as a result of acquisition activity. ASU 2018-11.

The Company is ~~continuing to assess all other potential impacts~~currently evaluating the impact of the ~~standard, including disclosure requirements~~provisions of ASU 2016-02 and the accounting for inventory billed but not yet shipped. Under the current guidance, the Company defers revenue for inventory billed but not yet shipped. Under the new standard, in certain situations the Company may be able to recognize revenue for inventory billed but not yet shipped, which could accelerate the timing, but not the total amount, of revenue recognized and would not impact the timing of cash flows.

~~The Company~~ anticipates it will be able to complete its analysis of all potential impacts of the standard, implement any system and process changes that might be necessary and educate the appropriate employees with respect to the new standard in order to effectively adopt the standard beginning in the first quarter of ~~2018.~~2019.

On October 30, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Quad/Graphics, Inc. (“Quad”), and QLC Merger Sub, Inc., a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Quad (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions therein, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, will be converted into the right to receive 0.625 shares of class A common stock of Quad, without interest and subject to adjustment as provided in the Merger Agreement.

The Company and Quad have made customary representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement. Subject to certain exceptions outlined in the Merger Agreement, the Company has agreed to covenants relating to the Company’s business during the period between the execution of the Merger Agreement and the consummation of the Merger, including restrictions on its ability to issue any shares of its capital stock, repurchase any shares of its capital stock and incurring additional indebtedness outside the ordinary course of business. The Merger Agreement allows the Company to continue paying a regular quarterly dividend up to $0.26 per share.

On October 30, 2018, concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the Company and the trustees (the “Trustees”) under the Amended and Restated Voting Trust Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2010, pursuant to which certain shares of capital stock of Quad are held by the Quad/Graphics, Inc. Voting Trust (the “Voting Trust”), entered into a voting and support agreement (the “Voting Agreement”). Pursuant to the Voting Agreement, the Trustees will vote all of the shares of Quad held by the Voting Trust, which they have, directly or indirectly, the right to vote or direct the voting thereof, in favor of the issuance of class A shares of Quad common stock in the Merger, and against any alternative acquisition proposal involving Quad or other action that would reasonably be expected to breach the obligations of Quad under the Merger Agreement or the Trustees under the Voting Agreement, or otherwise reasonably be expected to delay or adversely affect the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition of LSC Communications, Inc. as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017 and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016.~~2017. This commentary should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 1. 1, Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial ~~Statements.~~Statements. Refer to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February ~~23, 2017,~~22, 2018, for management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition of the company as of December 31, ~~2016~~2017 and December 31, ~~2015,~~2016, and the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 ~~2015~~ and ~~2014.~~2015.

The principal business of LSC Communications, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries (“LSC Communications,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us”) is to offer a broad scope of traditional and digital print, print-related services and office products. ~~The Company serves the needs of publishers, merchandisers and retailers worldwide with a service offering that includes~~ e-services, warehousing and fulfillment and supply chain management. The Company utilizes a broad portfolio of technology capabilities coupled with consultative attention to clients' needs to increase speed to market, reduce costs, provide postal savings to customers and improve efficiencies. ~~The Company prints magazines, catalogs, retail inserts, books, and directories and its office products offerings include filing products, note-taking products, binder products, forms, and envelopes.~~

On October 1, 2016 (the “separation date”), R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company (“RRD” or the “Parent”) completed the previously announced separation (the “separation”) into three separate independent publicly-traded companies: (i) its publishing and retail-centric print services and office products business (“LSC Communications”); (ii) its financial communications services business (“Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.” or “Donnelley Financial”) and (iii) a global, customized multichannel communications management company, which is the business of RRD after the separation. To effect the separation, RRD undertook a series of transactions to separate net assets and legal entities. RRD completed the distribution (the “distribution”) of 80.75%, of the outstanding common stock of LSC Communications and Donnelley Financial to RRD stockholders on October 1, 2016. RRD retained a 19.25% ownership stake in both LSC Communications and Donnelley Financial. On October 1, 2016, RRD stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 23, 2016 (“the record date”) received one share of LSC Communications common stock and one share of Donnelley Financial common stock for every eight shares of RRD common stock held as of the record date.

On March 28, 2017, RRD completed the sale of approximately 6.2 million shares of LSC Communications common stock, representing its entire 19.25% retained ownership.

On October 30, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the ~~In connection~~“Merger Agreement”) with Quad/Graphics, Inc. (“Quad”), and QLC Merger Sub, Inc., a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Quad (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions therein, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the ~~over-allotment option granted~~Company continuing as the surviving corporation. Subject to the ~~underwriters as part~~terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the ~~secondary sale by RRD, LSC Communications also sold~~ ~~approximately~~ ~~0.9 million~~Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, will be converted into the right to receive 0.625 shares of class A common stock ~~receiving proceeds~~ of ~~$18 million, which were used for general corporate purposes.~~Quad, without interest and subject to adjustment as provided in the Merger Agreement.

~~In connection~~The Company and Quad have made customary representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement. Subject to certain exceptions outlined in the Merger Agreement, the Company has agreed to covenants relating to the Company’s business during the period between the execution of the Merger Agreement and the consummation of the Merger, including restrictions on its ability to issue any shares of its capital stock, repurchase any shares of its capital stock and incurring additional indebtedness outside the ordinary course of business. The Merger Agreement allows the Company to continue paying a regular quarterly dividend up to $0.26 per share.

On October 30, 2018, concurrently with the ~~separation, LSC Communications, RRD~~execution of the Merger Agreement, the Company and ~~Donnelley Financial~~the trustees (the “Trustees”) under the Amended and Restated Voting Trust Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2010, pursuant to which certain shares of capital stock of Quad are held by the Quad/Graphics, Inc. Voting Trust (the “Voting Trust”), entered into ~~commercial arrangements, transition services agreements~~a voting and ~~various other agreements related~~support agreement (the “Voting Agreement”). Pursuant to the ~~separation~~Voting Agreement, the Trustees will vote all of the shares of Quad held by the Voting Trust, which they have, directly or indirectly, the right to vote or direct the voting thereof, in favor of the issuance of class A shares of Quad common stock in the Merger, and against any alternative acquisition proposal involving Quad or other action that ~~remain in effect.~~ ~~Final copies~~would reasonably be expected to breach the obligations of ~~such agreements are filed as exhibits~~Quad under the Merger Agreement or the Trustees under the Voting Agreement, or otherwise reasonably be expected to ~~this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.~~delay or adversely affect the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

~~We are the largest producer of books in the U.S.~~The Magazines, Catalogs and ~~one of the largest producers of catalogs,~~Logistics segment primarily produces magazines and ~~retail inserts in North America. The Print segment produces magazines,~~ catalogs, ~~retail inserts, books,~~as well as provides logistics services to the Company and ~~directories.~~other third-parties. The segment also provides ~~supply-chain management and~~ certain other print-related services, including mail-list management and ~~sortation, e-book formatting and distribution.~~sortation. The segment has operations primarily in the U.S.~~, Europe~~ The Magazines, Catalogs and ~~Mexico. The Print~~Logistics segment is divided into ~~the~~two reporting units: magazines ~~catalogs~~ and ~~retail inserts, book, Europe~~catalogs; and ~~directories reporting units.~~logistics.

The Book segment produces books for publishers primarily in the U.S. The segment also provides supply-chain management services and warehousing and fulfillment services, as well as e-book formatting for book publishers.

The Office Products segment manufactures and sells branded and private label products in five core categories: filing products, envelopes, note-taking products, binder products, and forms.

The Other grouping consists of the following non-reportable segments: Europe, Directories, Mexico, and Print Management. Mexico produces magazines, catalogs, statements, forms, and ~~envelopes.~~labels. Print Management provides outsourced print procurement and management services. The Company disposed of its European printing business in the third quarter of 2018.

Corporate consists of unallocated selling, general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, communications, certain facility costs and ~~Last-in, First-out (“LIFO”)~~LIFO inventory provisions. In addition, ~~certain costs and earnings of employee benefit plans, such as pension benefit plan income and~~ share-based compensation ~~are~~expense is included in Corporate and not allocated to the operating segments. ~~Prior to the separation, many of these costs were based on allocations from RRD, however, the Company has incurred such costs directly after the separation.~~

~~On September 7, 2017,~~The following table lists the ~~Company acquired Publishers Press, a printing and digital solutions provider with capabilities such as web-offset printing, prepress and distribution services for magazines and retail brands.~~ ~~The total purchase price was $70 million in cash.~~Company’s acquisitions since the beginning of 2017:

~~On August 21, 2017, the Company acquired the assets of NECI, LLC (“NECI”),~~ ~~a supplier of commodity and specialty filing supplies~~

~~On August 17, 2017, the~~The Company ~~acquired CREEL Printing (“CREEL”), an offset and digital~~sold its European printing ~~company. The total purchase price was $78 million in cash.~~

~~On July~~business on September 28, 2017, the Company acquired Fairrington Transportation Corp., F.T.C. Transport, Inc. and F.T.C. Services, Inc. (“Fairrington”), a full-service, printer-independent mailing logistics provider in the United States. The purchase price was $20 million in cash and approximately 1.0 million shares of LSC Communications common stock,2018 for ~~a total transaction value of $40 million.~~

On March 1, 2017, the Company acquired HudsonYards Studios (“HudsonYards”), a digital and print premedia production company that provides high-quality creative retouching, computer-generated imagery, mechanical creation, press-ready file preparation, and interactive production services, for $3$48 million in cash. The Company sold its retail offset printing facilities on June 5, 2018.

~~On December 2, 2016, the Company acquired Continuum Management Company, LLC (“Continuum”),~~ ~~a print procurement and management business, for $7 million in cash.~~ ~~An additional $2 million was paid during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as part of a final working capital adjustment for a total purchase price of $9 million in cash.~~

For further information on the above acquisitions and European disposition, see Note 2, Business Combinations and Disposition, to the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements.

According to the ~~June 2017~~January 2018 IBIS World industry report “Printing in the U.S.,” estimated total annual printing industry revenue is approximately ~~$77~~$75 billion, of which approximately ~~$13~~$12 billion relates to our core segments of the print market and an additional approximately $31 billion ~~relates~~pertains to related segments of the print market in which we are able to offer certain products. Despite consolidation in recent years, including several acquisitions completed by LSC Communications, the industry remains highly fragmented and LSC Communications is one of the largest players in our segment of the print market. The print and related services industry, in general, continues to have excess capacity and LSC Communications remains diligent in proactively identifying plant consolidation opportunities to keep our capacity in line with demand. Across the Company’s range of ~~Print segment~~print products and services, competition is based primarily on the ability to deliver products for the lowest total cost, a factor driven not only by price, but also by materials and distribution costs. We expect that prices for print products and services will continue to be a focal point for customers in coming years.

Value-added services, such as LSC ~~Communications~~’ Communications’ co-mail, logistics and supply chain management offerings, enable customers to lower their total costs. Technological changes, including the electronic distribution of documents and data, online distribution and hosting of media content, and advances in digital printing, print-on-demand and internet technologies, continue to impact the market for our products and services. The impact of digital technologies has been felt in many print products. Digital technologies have impacted printed magazines as some advertising spending has moved from print to electronic media. ~~In addition, catalogs and retail inserts~~Catalogs have experienced volume reductions as our customers allocate more of their spending to online resources and also face stiff competition from online retailers resulting in retailer ~~compression~~compression. Educational books within the college market continue to be impacted by electronic substitution and other trends. The K-12 educational sector continues to be focused on increasing digital distribution but there has been inconsistent adoption across school systems. E-book substitution has impacted overall consumer print trade book volume, although e-book adoption rates have stabilized and industry-wide print book volume has been growing in recent years. In addition, retail inserts have experienced volume reductions primarily as a result of store ~~closures.~~closures and reduced newspaper circulation. Electronic communication and transaction technology has also continued to drive electronic substitution in directory printing, in part driven by cost pressures at key customers. ~~E-book substitution has impacted overall consumer print trade book volume, although e-book adoption~~ rates are stabilizing and industry-wide print book volume has been growing in recent years. Educational books within the college market continue to be impacted by electronic substitution and other trends. The K-12 educational market continues to be focused on increasing digital distribution but there has been inconsistent progress across school systems.

The future impact of technology on our business is difficult to predict and could result in additional expenditures to restructure impacted operations or develop new technologies. In addition, we have made targeted acquisitions and investments in our existing business to offer customers innovative services and solutions. Such acquisitions and investments include the acquisitions of Print Logistics in 2018 and Clark Group, Quality Park, Publishers Press, NECI, CREEL, Fairrington, and HudsonYards in 2017, which expanded our logistics, printing, digital, office products, and premedia capabilities, and Continuum Management Company, LLC (“Continuum”) in 2016, which expanded our print management capabilities. These ~~and other targeted~~ acquisitions and investments further secure our position as a technology leader in the industry.

Technological advancement and innovation has affected the overall demand for most of the products in our Office Products segment. While these changes continue to impact demand, the overall market for our products remains large and we believe share growth is attainable. We compete against a range of both domestic and international competitors in each of our product categories within the segment. Due to the increasing percentage of private label products in the market, resellers have created a highly competitive environment where purchasing decisions are based largely on price, quality and the supplier’s ability to service the customer. As consumer preferences shift towards private label, resellers have increased the pressure on suppliers to better differentiate their product offering, oftentimes through product exclusivity, product innovation and development of private label products.We have experienced robust growth within our e-commerce channel, where a significant majority of our sales are branded products.

~~LSC Communications has~~We have implemented a number of strategic initiatives to reduce ~~its~~our overall cost structure and improve efficiency, including the restructuring, reorganization and integration of operations and streamlining of administrative and support activities. Future cost reduction initiatives could include the reorganization of operations and the consolidation of facilities. Implementing such initiatives might result in future restructuring or impairment charges, which may be substantial. ~~Management~~We also ~~reviews LSC Communications’~~review our operations and management structure on a regular basis to appropriately balance risks and opportunities to maximize efficiencies and to support ~~the Company’s~~our long-term strategic goals.

Advertising and consumer spending trends affect demand in several of the end-markets served by LSC Communications. Historically, demand for printing of magazines, catalogs, retail inserts, books and office products is higher in the second half of the year, driven by increased advertising pages within magazines, holiday volume in catalogs and retail inserts, and back-to-school demand in books and office products. These typical seasonal patterns can be impacted by overall trends in the U.S. and world economy. The Company expects the seasonal impact in ~~2017~~2018 to be in line with historical patterns.

The primary raw materials we use in our ~~Print segment~~Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics and Book segments and in the Other grouping are paper and ink. We negotiate with leading paper suppliers to maximize our purchasing efficiencies and use a wide variety of paper grades and formats. In addition, a substantial amount of paper used in our print business is supplied directly by customers. Variations in the cost and supply of certain paper grades used in the manufacturing process may affect our consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial results. Generally, customers directly absorb the impact of changing prices on customer-supplied paper. For paper that we purchase, we have historically passed most changes in price through to our customers. Contractual arrangements and industry practice should support our continued ability to pass on any future paper price increases, but there is no assurance that market conditions will continue to enable us to successfully do so. Higher paper prices and tight paper supplies – as currently being experienced - may have an impact on customers’ demand for printed products. We also resell waste paper and other print-related by-products and may be impacted by changes in prices for these by-products.

We negotiate with leading suppliers to maximize our purchasing efficiencies and use a wide variety of ink formulations and colors. Variations in the cost and supply of certain ink formulations used in the manufacturing process may affect our consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial results. We have undertaken various strategic initiatives to try to mitigate any foreseeable supply disruptions with respect to our ink requirements, including entering into a long term supply arrangement with a single supplier for a substantial portion of our ink supply. Certain contractual protections exist in our relationship with such supplier, such as price and quality protections and an ability to seek alternative sources of ink if the supplier breaches or is unable to perform certain of its obligations, which are intended to mitigate the risk of ink-related supply disruptions.

The primary materials used in the Office Products segment are paper, steel and polypropylene substrates. We negotiate with leading paper, plastic and steel suppliers to maximize our purchasing efficiencies. All of these materials are available from a number of domestic and international suppliers and we are not dependent upon any single supplier for any of these materials. We believe that adequate supply is available for each of these materials for the foreseeable ~~future.~~future, although higher paper prices may have an impact on demand for our products.

Changes in material prices, including paper and freight, may impact the Company’s operating margins as there may be a lag between when the Company experiences the changes and when they are absorbed by our customers.

Except for our long-term supply arrangement regarding ink, we do not consider ourselves to be dependent upon any single vendor as a source of supply for our businesses, and we believe that sufficient alternative sources for the same, similar or alternative products are available.

Changes in the price of raw materials, crude oil and other energy costs impact our ink suppliers and manufacturing costs. Crude oil and energy prices continue to be volatile. Should prices increase, we generally cannot pass on to customers the impact of higher energy prices on our manufacturing costs. We do enter into fixed price contracts for a portion of our natural gas purchases to mitigate the impact of changes in energy prices. We cannot predict sudden changes in energy prices and the impact that possible future changes in energy prices might have upon either future operating costs or customer demand and the related impact either will have on the Company’s ~~condensed~~ consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.

Variations in the cost and supply of certain paper grades, polypropylene and steel used in the manufacturing process of our office products may affect our consolidated and combined financial results. Contractual arrangements and industry practice should support our continued ability to pass on any future paper price increases, but there is no assurance that market conditions will continue to enable us to successfully do so.

The funded status of the Company’s pension ~~benefits~~benefit plans is dependent upon many factors, including returns on invested assets and the level of certain market interest rates. Market conditions may lead to changes in the discount rates (used to value the year-end benefit obligations of the plans) and the market value of the securities held by the plans, which could significantly increase or decrease the funded status of the plans. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis as of December 31. Based on current estimates, the Company expects to make cash contributions of approximately ~~$5 million to $7~~$6 million to its pension benefit plans for the full year ~~2017,~~in 2018, of which $4 million has been contributed during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Based on the fair value of assets and the estimated discount rate used to value benefit obligations as of September 30, 2018, the Company estimates the unfunded status of the pension benefit plans to be approximately $90 million compared to $187 million at December 31, 2017.

See Note 7,12, Retirement Plans, for more information on the Company’s pension benefit ~~plans and the activity recorded at the separation date.~~plans.

There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies disclosed in the annual report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2017, with the exception of revenue recognition. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”, or the “standard”), as discussed in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet or statements of operations. See Note 3, Revenue Recognition, for more information.

In the financial review that follows, the Company discusses its condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ balance sheets, statements of operations, cash flows and certain other information. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements and the related notes.

Results of Operations for the ~~Three Months Ended~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 as Compared to the ~~Three Months Ended~~three months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017

The following table shows the results of operations for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, which reflects the results of the acquired businesses from the relevant acquisition dates:

													Three Months Ended
	Three Months Ended September 30,												September 30,
	2017			2016			$ Change			% Change			2018			2017			$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)												(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	935		$	949		$	(14	)		(1.5	%)	$	1,015		$	935		$	80			8.5	%
Cost of sales		778			783			(5	)		(0.6	%)		862			778			84			10.8	%
Cost of sales as a % of net sales		83.2	%		82.5	%								84.9	%		83.2	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		65			66			(1	)		(1.5	%)		77			76			1			1.3	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of net sales		7.0	%		7.0	%								7.6	%		8.1	%
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		60			3			57		nm				1			60			(59	)		(98.3	%)
Depreciation and amortization		39			40			(1	)		(2.5	%)		34			39			(5	)		(12.8	%)
Net (loss) income from operations	$	(7	)	$	57		$	(64	)		(112.3	%)
Income (loss) from operations													$	41		$	(18	)	$	59			(327.8	%)

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$935~~$1,015 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$14~~$80 million, or ~~1.5%~~8.5%, compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016.~~2017. Net sales were impacted by:

Additionally, on a pro forma basis, the Company’s net sales decreased by approximately ~~$74~~$44 million or ~~7.0%~~4.1% (see Note 2, Business Combinations and Disposition, to the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements).

Total cost of sales ~~decreased $5~~increased $84 million, or ~~0.6%~~10.8%, for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016. Cost~~2017, primarily due to the cost of sales ~~decreased due to lower volume in~~incurred by the ~~Print and Office Products segments, lower pass-through paper sales,~~acquired companies, a $6$3 million ~~increase~~decrease due to changes in foreign exchange rates, ~~and cost control initiatives. This was partially offset by~~increased costs of raw materials, primarily in paper and ink, increased labor costs and the negative impact on productivity related to workforce turnover.

As a percentage of net sales, ~~incurred by~~cost of sales increased from 83.2% for the ~~acquired companies.~~three months ended September 30, 2017 to 84.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to price pressures and increased costs of raw materials.

Selling, general and administrative expenses ~~decreased~~increased $1 million to ~~$65~~$77 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017, primarily driven by ~~lower selling expense, that was~~expenses incurred by the MCL and Office Products acquired companies, partially offset by ~~increases in costs to operate as an independent public company due to the separation and~~cost control initiatives.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses ~~incurred by~~decreased from 8.1% for the ~~acquired companies.~~three months ended September 30, 2017 to 7.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to cost control initiatives.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded restructuring, impairment and other charges of $1 million. The charges primarily included:

For the September 30, 2017, the Company recorded restructuring, impairment and other charges of $60 million. The charges included:

For purposes of the goodwill impairment test, goodwill is not tested based upon the individual transactions that gave rise to the goodwill, but rather based upon the reporting unit’s total goodwill and the characteristics of the reporting unit in which the goodwill resides. Therefore, the level at which goodwill is tested for impairment is different from the level that originally created the goodwill. In the Company’s case, the test is performed based upon the total carrying value of the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit and that reporting unit’s total implied fair value. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. As a result of the interim goodwill impairment test, and consistent with prior goodwill impairment tests, the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit’s fair value continued to be at a value below the carrying value. This is primarily due to the negative revenue trends experienced in recent years that are only partially offset by the impact of the new acquisitions. See Note 6,2, ~~Restructuring, Impairment~~Business Combinations and ~~Other Charges~~Disposition, for more information;

~~For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded restructuring, impairment and other charges of $3 million. The charges included:~~

Depreciation and amortization decreased $1$5 million to ~~$39~~$34 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017 due to decreased capital spending in recent years compared to historical levels, partially offset by depreciation and amortization incurred by the MCL and Office Products acquired companies.

Net ~~loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $7 million compared to net income from operations of $57~~interest expense increased by $2 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2016. The decrease was due to higher restructuring, impairment and other charges, lower volume in the Print and Office Product segments and price declines.~~

~~Net interest expense increased by $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017~~2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017 due to increased borrowings on the ~~debt incurred in relation~~Company’s $400 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Investment and other (income)-net primarily relates to the ~~separation.~~Company’s pension benefit plans in both years.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~90.5%~~112.3% compared to ~~32.1%~~90.5% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2016.~~ 2017. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 reflects a $25 million non-cash tax provision related to the disposition of the Company’s European printing business. See Note 13, Income Taxes, for more information. Additionally, the rate was impacted by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) including the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%, partially offset by the tax resulting from the inclusion of certain foreign-sourced earnings, referred to as the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") tax, as well as changes in deductions and permanent book-to-tax differences.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 reflects the impact of non-deductible goodwill impairment charges. The non-deductible goodwill impairment charges effectively ~~increase~~increased the Company’s tax provision, which in turn ~~increases~~increased the effective tax rate.

The following tables summarize net sales, income (loss) from operations and certain items impacting comparability within each of the reportable segments and Corporate. The descriptions of the reporting units generally reflect the primary products provided by each reporting unit.

Net Sales for the
Three Months Ended
September 30,

Reporting unit

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

(in millions, except percentages)

Magazines, catalogs and retail inserts

$
448

$
407

$
41

10.1
%
Book

276

310

(34
)

(11.0
%)
Europe

68

72

(4
)

(5.6
%)
Directories

27

33

(6
)

(18.2
%)
Total Print

$
819

$
822

$
(3
)

(0.4
%)

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017			Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	463		$	409		$	54
Income (loss) from operations		1			(41	)		42
Operating margin		0.2	%		(10.0	%)	1,020 bps
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		—			51			(51	)
Purchase accounting inventory adjustments		—			1			(1	)

Net sales for the ~~Print~~Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics segment for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$819~~$463 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of $3$54 million, or ~~0.4%~~13.2%, compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016. Print segment net sales were impacted by the net sales of its reporting units:~~

Net sales for the Book segment ~~income from operations decreased $58 million~~ for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017 primarily due~~2018 were $282 million, an increase of $6 million, or 2.2%, compared to higher restructuring, impairment and other charges as a result of non-cash charges of $55 million for goodwill impairment recorded in the magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit. See the Consolidated and Combined Results section above for more information. Income from operations also decreased due to lower volume and price declines, partially offset by earnings from the acquisitions. Operating margins decreased from 5.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to (1.2%) for the three months ended September 30, 2017, largely as a result of higher volume in educational and religious books and a $7 million increase in pass-through paper sales.

The decrease in the Book segment income from operations and operating margins was primarily due to ~~higher restructuring, impairment and other charges, lower~~mix of volume and ~~price declines.~~cost increases as a result of the labor market conditions.

Net sales for the Office Products segment for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$116~~$145 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$11~~$29 million, or ~~8.7%~~25.0%, compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2017, largely as a result of ~~lower volume, primarily in notetaking, filing~~the Office Products acquired companies, pass-through price increases, and ~~binder products, as well as price declines,~~ the ability to recognize revenue for safety stock under Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASC 606”, or the “standard”), partially offset by ~~the acquisition of NECI~~lower volume in ~~2017.~~ filing and notetaking products.

The increase in Office ~~Products~~Products’ segment income from operations ~~remained consistent at $11 million~~and operating margins was primarily due to synergies realized from the integration of the Office Products acquired companies, partially offset by pricing pressures.

Net sales for the Other grouping for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were $125 million, a decrease of $9

million, or 6.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017, largely as ~~the impact~~a result of lower directories and Europe volume, a $5 million decrease in pass-through paper sales and ~~price pressures was offset by cost control initiatives. Operating margins increased from 8.7% for the three months ended September, 2016 to 9.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017~~a $4 million decrease due to ~~cost control initiatives,~~changes in foreign exchange rates in Mexican Peso and Polish Zloty, partially offset by ~~price pressures.~~higher sales in outsourced print procurement and management services.

The increase in the Other grouping’s income from operations was primarily due to lower restructuring, impairment and other charges.

The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses and certain items impacting comparability within the activities presented as Corporate:

Corporate operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were $8 million, as compared to $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The most significant charges are shown above and were partially offset by reductions in other corporate expenses. Additionally, the expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was partially offset by higher pension income as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Results of Operations for the ~~Nine Months Ended~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 as Compared to the ~~Nine Months Ended~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017

The following table shows the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, which reflects the results of the acquired businesses from the relevant acquisition dates:

													Nine Months Ended
	Nine Months Ended September 30,												September 30,
	2017			2016			$ Change			% Change			2018			2017			$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)												(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	2,604		$	2,735		$	(131	)		(4.8	%)	$	2,887		$	2,604		$	283			10.8	%
Cost of sales		2,175			2,250			(75	)		(3.3	%)		2,468			2,175			293			13.5	%
Cost of sales as a % of net sales		83.5	%		82.3	%								85.5	%		83.5	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		194			196			(2	)		(1.0	%)		242			228			14			6.1	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of net sales		7.5	%		7.2	%								8.4	%		8.8	%
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		87			11			76			690.9	%		18			87			(69	)		(79.3	%)
Depreciation and amortization		118			130			(12	)		(9.2	%)		106			118			(12	)		(10.2	%)
Income from operations	$	30		$	148		$	(118	)		(79.7	%)
Income (loss) from operations													$	53		$	(4	)	$	57			(1425.0	%)

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$2,604~~$2,887 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$131~~$283 million, or ~~4.8%~~10.8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016.~~2017. Net sales were impacted by:

Additionally, on a pro forma basis, the Company’s net sales decreased by approximately ~~$226~~$79 million or ~~7.4%~~2.6% (see Note 2, Business Combinations and Disposition, to the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements).

Total cost of sales ~~decreased $75~~increased $293 million, or ~~3.3%~~13.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2017, primarily due to ~~lower volume in~~ the ~~Print~~cost of sales incurred by the MCL and Office Products ~~segments, lower pass-through paper sales, productivity improvements, a $2~~acquired companies, an $11 million increase due to changes in foreign exchange rates, ~~gains recognized from~~increased costs of raw materials, increased labor costs and the ~~sale~~negative impact on productivity related to workforce turnover, and mix of ~~assets, and cost control initiatives. This was partially offset by~~volume.

As a percentage of net sales, cost of sales ~~incurred by~~increased from 83.5% for the ~~acquired companies.~~nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 85.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to price pressures and increased costs of raw materials.

Selling, general and administrative expenses ~~decreased $2~~increased $14 million to ~~$194~~$242 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2017, primarily driven by ~~lower selling expense and higher pension income, partially offset by increases in costs to operate as an independent public company due to the separation, as well as~~ expenses incurred by the acquired ~~companies.~~companies, partially offset by lower separation-related expenses.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses ~~increased~~decreased from ~~7.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to 7.5%~~8.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 8.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to ~~lower sales.~~cost control initiatives.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded restructuring, impairment and other charges of $18 million. The charges primarily included:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded restructuring, impairment and other charges of $87 million. The charges included:

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded restructuring, impairment and other charges of $11 million. The charges included:~~

Depreciation and amortization decreased $12 million to ~~$118~~$106 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017 due to decreased capital spending in recent years compared to historical ~~levels.~~levels, partially offset by depreciation and amortization incurred by the MCL and Office Products acquired companies.

~~Income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $30 million compared to $148~~

Net interest expense increased by $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016. The decrease was due to higher restructuring, impairment and other charges, lower volume in the Print and Office Products segments, and price declines.~~

~~Net interest expense increased by $52 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017~~2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2017 due to increased borrowings on the ~~debt incurred~~Company’s $400 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Investment and other (income)-net primarily relates to the Company’s pension benefit plans in ~~connection with the separation.~~both years.

The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~105.3%~~124.3% compared to ~~34.1%~~105.3% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016.~~2017. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflects a $25 million non-cash tax provision related to the disposition of the Company’s European printing business. See Note 13, Income Taxes, for more information. Additionally, the rate was impacted by the Tax Act including the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%, partially offset by the tax resulting from the inclusion of certain foreign-sourced earnings, referred to as the GILTI tax, as well as changes in deductions and permanent book-to-tax differences.

The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 reflects the impact of non-deductible goodwill impairment charges and share-based compensation awards that lapsed in 2017, partially offset by the favorable impact associated with a reorganization of certain entities in 2017. The non-deductible goodwill impairment charges effectively ~~increase~~increased the Company’s tax provision, which in turn ~~increases~~increased the effective tax rate.

Net Sales for the
Nine Months Ended
September 30,

Reporting unit

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

(in millions, except percentages)

Magazines, catalogs and retail inserts

$
1,209

$
1,191

$
18

1.5
%
Book

777

841

(64
)

(7.6
%)
Europe

180

209

(29
)

(13.9
%)
Directories

86

97

(11
)

(11.3
%)
Total Print

$
2,252

$
2,338

$
(86
)

(3.7
%)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017			Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	1,291		$	1,099		$	192
(Loss) from operations		(19	)		(51	)		32
Operating margin		(1.5	%)		(4.6	%)	310 bps
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		10			55			(45	)
Purchase accounting inventory adjustments		—			1			(1	)

Net sales for the ~~Print~~Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics segment for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$2,252~~$1,291 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$86~~$192 million, or ~~3.7%~~17.5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016. Print segment~~2017. The Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics segment’s net sales ~~were impacted by the net sales of its reporting units:~~

~~Directories: Sales decreased due to lower volume~~result of the labor market conditions and ~~a $6 million decrease in pass-through paper sales.~~price pressures.

Book

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017			Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	797		$	777		$	20
Income from operations		49			53			(4	)
Operating margin		6.1	%		6.8	%	(70 bps)
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		5			7			(2	)

~~Print~~Net sales for the Book segment ~~income from operations decreased $90 million~~ for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were $797 million, an increase of $20 million, or 2.6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016 primarily due to higher restructuring, impairment and other charges~~2017, largely as a result of ~~non-cash charges of $55~~higher volume in educational and religious books, higher volume in digital products, and a $7 million ~~for goodwill impairment recorded~~increase in pass-through paper sales, partially offset by price pressures.

The decrease in the ~~magazines, catalogs and retail inserts reporting unit. See Note 6,~~ ~~Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges, for more information. Income~~Book segment income from operations ~~also decreased due to lower volume~~ and ~~price declines. Operating~~operating margins ~~decreased from 4.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to 1.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017~~was primarily due to ~~higher restructuring, impairment~~cost increases as a result of the labor market conditions, price pressures and ~~other charges, lower volume and price declines.~~ mix of volume.

Office Products

							Nine Months Ended
	Nine Months Ended September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2018			2017			Change
	(in millions, except percentages)						(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	352		$	397		$	422		$	352		$	70
Income from operations		32			38			30			32			(2	)
Operating margin		9.1	%		9.6	%		7.1	%		9.1	%	(200 bps)
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		1			—			2			1			1
Purchase accounting inventory adjustments								1			—			1

Net sales for the Office Products segment for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$352~~$422 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$45~~$70 million, or ~~11.3%~~19.9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2017, largely as a result of ~~lower volume, primarily in filing, notetaking and binder products, as well as price pressures,~~the Office Products acquired companies, partially offset by ~~the acquisition of NECI~~lower volume in ~~2017.~~filing and notetaking products.

The decrease in Office Products segment income from operations ~~decreased $6 million~~and operating margins was due to increased costs of raw materials, primarily in paper, and in freight, as well as mix of volume. This was partially offset by synergies realized from the integration of the Office Products acquired companies.

Net sales for the Other grouping for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were $377 million, an increase of $1 million, or 0.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016 mainly~~2017, primarily due to ~~lower volume,~~higher sales in outsourced print procurement and management services and a $12 million increase due to changes in foreign exchange rates primarily for the Polish Zloty, partially offset by a $12 million decrease in pass-through paper sales and lower directories volume.

The increase in income from operations and operating margins was primarily due to productivity and cost control initiatives. Operating margins decreased from 9.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to 9.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to price pressures and higher restructuring, impairment and other charges,initiatives, partially offset by ~~cost control initiatives.~~price pressures.

The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses and certain items impacting comparability within the activities presented as Corporate:

Corporate operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $26 million, as compared to $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The most significant charges are shown above and were partially offset by reductions in other corporate expenses. Additionally, the change was also driven by higher costs incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as a result of costs to operate as an independent public company, partially offset by higher pension income as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The Company believes that certain non-GAAP measures, such as Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA, provide useful information about the Company’s operating results and enhance the overall ability to assess the Company’s financial performance. The Company uses these measures, together with other measures of performance under GAAP, to compare the relative performance of operations in planning, budgeting and reviewing the performance of its business. Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA allows investors to make a more meaningful comparison between the Company’s core business operating results over different periods of time. The Company believes that Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA, when viewed with the Company’s results under GAAP and the accompanying reconciliations, provides useful information about the Company’s business without regard to potential distortions. By eliminating potential differences in results of operations between periods caused by factors such as depreciation and amortization methods and restructuring, impairment and other charges, the Company believes that Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful additional basis for comparing the current performance of the underlying operations being evaluated.

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA is not presented in accordance with GAAP and has important limitations as an analytical tool. ~~You~~Readers should not consider these measures in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. In addition, these measures are defined differently by different companies in our industry and, accordingly, such measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other companies.

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA excludes restructuring, impairment and other charges-net, ~~separation-related transaction expenses,~~purchase accounting adjustments, acquisition-related expenses, ~~purchase accounting inventory adjustments,~~ and ~~a pension settlement charge.~~separation-related expenses. A reconciliation of GAAP net income to non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 is presented in the following table:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	2017			2016		2017			2016		September 30,						September 30,
											2018			2017			2018			2017
Net (loss) income	$	(3	)	$	38	$	1		$	97	$	(4	)	$	(3	)	$	(7	)	$	1
Restructuring, impairment and other charges – net		60			3		87			11
Separation-related transaction expenses		1			1		4			1
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net												1			60			18			87
Purchase accounting adjustments												1			1			4			1
Acquisition-related expenses		2			—		3			—		2			2			4			3
Purchase accounting inventory adjustments		1			—		1			—
Pension settlement charge		—			—		—			1
Separation-related expenses												—			1			—			4
Depreciation and amortization		39			40		118			130		34			39			106			118
Interest expense-net		19			1		52			—		21			19			59			52
Income tax (benefit) expense		(23	)		18		(23	)		50
Income tax expense (benefit)												35			(23	)		36			(23	)
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA	$	96		$	101	$	243		$	290	$	90		$	96		$	220		$	243

The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity to support its ongoing operations and to invest in future growth to create value for its stockholders. Operating cash flows and the ~~Company’s $400 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving~~Revolving Credit ~~Facility”)~~Facility are the Company’s primary sources of liquidity and are expected to be used for, among other things, payments of interest and principal on the Company’s debt obligations, distributions to stockholders that may be approved by the Board of Directors, acquisitions, capital expenditures necessary to support productivity improvement and growth, and completion of restructuring programs.

The following sections describe the Company’s cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016.~~2017.

Operating cash inflows are largely attributable to sales of the Company’s products. Operating cash outflows are largely attributable to recurring expenditures for raw materials, labor, rent, interest, taxes and other operating activities.

Net cash ~~provided by~~used in operating activities was ~~$58~~$26 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 compared to ~~$136~~$58 million provided by operating activities for the same period in ~~2016.~~ 2017. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was largely driven by ~~interest payments~~an increase in ~~2017~~inventory costs as a result of higher paper prices and the timing of customer and supplier payments.

Beginning on October 1, 2016, transactions with RRD and Donnelley Financial are considered third-party and are settled in cash, whereas prior to that date transactions were net settled among the three companies.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~$218~~$57 million compared to ~~$25~~$218 million for the same period in ~~2016.~~2017. Significant changes are as follows:

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~$83~~$72 million compared to ~~$151~~$83 million ~~used in financing activities~~ for the same period in ~~2016.~~2017. Significant changes are as follows:

Cash dividends declared and paid to stockholders during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 totaled ~~$25~~$26 million. On October ~~26, 2017,~~25, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.25~~$0.26 per common share, payable on December 4, ~~2017~~2018 to stockholders of record on November 15, ~~2017.~~2018.

The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $50 million in the aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions. The timing, declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends to the Company’s stockholders falls within the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The decisions of the Company’s Board of Directors regarding the payment of future dividends depends on many factors, including but not limited to the Company’s financial condition, future prospects, earnings, capital requirements and debt service obligations, as well as legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, the terms of the agreements governing the Company’s existing debt or debt that the Company may incur in the future may limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to pay a dividend.

Cash and cash equivalents were ~~$23~~$20 million and ~~$95~~$34 million as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, respectively.

The Company’s cash balances are held in several locations throughout the world, including amounts held outside of the United States. Cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 included $6$8 million in the U.S. and ~~$17~~$12 million at international locations. The Company has not recognized deferred tax liabilities as of September 30, 2017 related to local taxes on certain foreign earnings as all are considered to be permanently reinvested. Certain other cash balances of foreign subsidiaries may be subject to U.S. or local country taxes if repatriated to the U.S. In addition, repatriation of some foreign cash balances is further restricted by local laws. Management regularly evaluates whether foreign earnings are expected to be permanently reinvested. This evaluation requires judgment about the future operating and liquidity needs of the Company and its foreign subsidiaries. Changes in economic and business conditions, foreign or U.S. tax laws, or the Company’s financial situation could result in changes to these judgments and the need to record additional tax liabilities.

The Company maintains cash pooling structures that enable participating international locations to draw on the pools’ cash resources to meet local liquidity needs. Foreign cash balances may be loaned from certain cash pools to U.S. operating entities on a temporary basis in order to reduce the Company’s short-term borrowing costs or for other purposes. As of September 30, ~~2017, $14~~2018, $20 million of international cash was loaned to U.S. operating entities.

On September 30, 2016, the Company issued $450 million of ~~8.75%~~ Senior Secured Notes (the “Senior Notes”) due October 15, 2023. Interest on the Senior Notes is due semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, commencing on April 15, 2017. Net proceeds from the offering of the Senior Notes (the “Notes Offering”) were distributed to RRD in the form of a dividend. The Company did not retain any proceeds from the Notes Offering.

~~The Senior Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture where certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company guarantee the Senior Notes (the “Guarantors”)~~. The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior secured basis, jointly and severally, by the Guarantors, which are comprised of each of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations. The Senior Notes are not guaranteed by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries or unrestricted subsidiaries. The Senior Notes and the related guarantees are secured on a first-priority lien basis by substantially all assets of the Company and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions and permitted liens. The Indenture governing the Senior Notes contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including limitations on: (1) liens; (2) indebtedness; (3) mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; (4) sales, transfers and other dispositions of assets; (5) loans and other investments; (6) dividends and other distributions, stock repurchases and redemptions and other restricted payments; (7) restrictions affecting subsidiaries; (8) transactions with affiliates; and (9) designations of unrestricted subsidiaries. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications. The Indenture is filed as an exhibit to ~~this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.~~

On September 30, 2016 the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) ~~which~~that provides for (i) a ~~new~~ senior secured term loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and (ii) a ~~new~~ senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400 million (the “Revolving Credit ~~Facility,”~~Facility”). The interest rate per annum applicable to the Term Loan Facility is equal to, at the Company’s option, either a base rate plus a margin of 5.00% or LIBOR plus a margin of 6.00%. The LIBOR rate is subject to a “floor” of 1%. The interest rate per annum applicable to the Revolving Credit Facility is equal to a base rate plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.25%, or LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.75% to 3.25%, in either case based upon the Consolidated Leverage Ratio of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries. Interest on the Credit Agreement is due at least quarterly, which commenced on December 31, 2016. The Term Loan Facility will amortize in quarterly installments of $13 million for the first eight quarters and $11 million for subsequent quarters. The debt issuance costs and original issue discount are being amortized over the life of the facilities using the effective interest method. ~~The Term Loan Facility will mature on September 30, 2022 and the Revolving Credit Facility will mature on September 30, 2021. The Credit Agreement is filed as an exhibit to~~ ~~this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.~~

~~On February 2, 2017, the Company paid in advance the full amount of required amortization payments, $50 million, for the year ended December 31, 2017 for the Term Loan Facility.~~

The Credit Agreement is subject to a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and ~~the~~a Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in and calculated pursuant to the Credit Agreement, that, in part, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers and consolidations, make restricted payments and dispose of certain assets. The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $50 million in the aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

On November 17, 2017, the Company ~~used~~amended the ~~net proceeds from~~Credit Agreement to reduce the interest rate for the Term Loan Facility by 50 basis points and the LIBOR “floor” was also reduced by 25 basis points. Other terms, including the outstanding principal, maturity date and debt covenants were not amended. Select terms of the Term Loan Facility before and after amendment include:

Under the terms of the Term Loan Facility, each of the syndicated lenders is deemed to have loaned a specific amount to the Company and has the right to repayment from the Company directly. Therefore, we concluded that the Term Loan Facility is a loan syndication under GAAP. As such, in ~~2016~~order to ~~fund~~determine whether the debt was modified or extinguished as a ~~cash dividend to RRD~~result of the amendment, we examined the amount of principal pre- and post-amendment by individual lender. As a result, we determined that $65 million of outstanding principal had been extinguished as of November 17, 2017, even though the total outstanding principal amongst all lenders pre- and post-amendment remained unchanged.

Consequently, the amendment resulted in ~~connection with the separation and to pay fees and expenses~~a pre-tax loss on debt extinguishment of $3 million related to the ~~separation from RRD. The~~unamortized discount and debt issuance costs attributable to the $65 million of outstanding principal that had been considered extinguished. There was no net impact as of November 17, 2017 to cash and cash equivalents, total outstanding principal remained unchanged, and no cash was exchanged between the lenders and the Company ~~intends to use any additional borrowings under~~(other than customary administrative fees).

On February 2, 2017, the ~~credit facilities~~Company paid in advance for ~~general corporate purposes, including~~ the ~~financing~~Term Loan Facility the full amount of ~~permitted investments.~~required amortization payments, $50 million, for the year ended December 31, 2017.

There were ~~$140~~$229 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, ~~2017.~~2018. Based on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and existing debt, the Company would have had the ability to utilize $386 million of the ~~entire~~ $400 million Revolving Credit Facility and not have been in violation of the terms of the agreement. Availability under the Revolving Credit Facility was reduced by ~~$58~~$229 million in borrowings and $32 million related to outstanding letters of credit.

The current availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and net availability as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 is shown in the table below:

The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, and expects to remain in compliance based on management’s estimates of operating and financial results for ~~2017~~2018 and the foreseeable future. However, declines in market and economic conditions or demand for certain of the Company’s products could impact the Company’s ability to remain in compliance with its debt covenants in future ~~periods.~~periods. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company’s leverage as defined in the Credit Agreement was 2.79, compared to a maximum permitted ratio under the Credit Agreement of 3.25, which steps down to 3.00 on March 31, 2019. The full definition of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio is included in the Credit Agreement filed as an exhibit to this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. As of September 30, 2018, the Company met all the conditions required to borrow under the Credit Agreement and management expects the Company to continue to meet the applicable borrowing conditions.

The failure of a financial institution supporting the Revolving Credit ~~Agreement~~Facility would reduce the size of the Company’s committed facility unless a replacement institution were added. Currently, the Revolving Credit ~~Agreement~~Facility is supported by fifteen U.S. and international financial institutions.

As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company had ~~$58~~$46 million in outstanding letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility, ~~all~~$32 million of which reduced the availability thereunder. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company also had ~~$16~~$6 million in other uncommitted credit facilities, all of which were outside the U.S. (the “Other Facilities”). As of September 30, ~~2017, letters of credit~~2018, borrowings and guarantees of ~~a de minimis amount~~$5 million were issued and reduced availability under the Other Facilities. ~~As of September 30, 2017, there were $140 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Other Facilities.~~

The Company’s debt maturities as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 are shown in the following table:

	Debt Maturity Schedule														Debt Maturity Schedule
	Total		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		Thereafter		Total		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		Thereafter
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement	$	452	$	140	$	48	$	43	$	43	$	43	$	135	$	504	$	240	$	43	$	43	$	43	$	135	$	—
Senior secured notes		450		—		—		—		—		—		450		450		—		—		—		—		—		450
Capital lease obligations		3		1		1		1		—		—		—
Capital lease obligations and other borrowings																8		6		1		1		—		—		—
Total_(a)	$	905	$	141	$	49	$	44	$	43	$	43	$	585	$	962	$	246	$	44	$	44	$	43	$	135	$	450

The Merger Agreement permits the Company to continue paying a quarterly dividend up to $0.26 per share.

On February 15, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an initial share repurchase authorization of up to $20 million of common stock under which the Company may buy back LSC Communications’ shares at its discretion from February 15, 2018 through August 15, 2019. The $20 million repurchase was completed on May 31, 2018.

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its variable debt and price risk on its fixed-rate debt. At September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company’s variable-interest borrowings were ~~$452~~$509 million, or approximately ~~49.9%~~52.9%, of the Company’s total debt.

The Company assesses market risk based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential loss in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates. Using this sensitivity analysis, such changes would not have a material effect on interest income or expense and cash flows and would change the fair values of fixed-rate debt at ~~September 30, 2017~~ by approximately ~~$17 million.~~ $15 million.

The Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which it operates. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited in many countries because the operating revenues and expenses of its various subsidiaries and business units are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent that borrowings, sales, purchases, revenues, expenses or other transactions are not in the local currency of the subsidiary, the Company is exposed to currency risk and may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge the currency risk. The Company is primarily exposed to the currencies of the Canadian dollar ~~Polish zloty~~ and Mexican ~~peso.~~peso, and was exposed to the currencies of the Polish Zloty until the sale of the Company’s European printing business in the third quarter of 2018. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

For a discussion of certain litigation involving the Company, see Note ~~12,~~8, Commitments and Contingencies, to the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements.

Recently issued accounting standards and their estimated effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements are also described in Note ~~15,~~17, New Accounting Pronouncements, and throughout the notes to the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements.

The Company has made forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the Company. Generally, forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future actions, events, or results of operations of the Company.

These statements may include, or be preceded or followed by, the words “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “continues,” “believes,” “may,” “will,” “goals” or variations of such words and similar expressions. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements, beliefs and expectations regarding our business strategies, market potential, future financial performance, dividends, costs to be incurred in connection with the separation, results of pending legal matters, our goodwill and other intangible assets, price volatility and cost environment, our liquidity, our funding sources, expected pension contributions, capital expenditures and funding, our financial covenants, repayments of debt, off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations, our accounting policies, general views about future operating results and other events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of important factors, including those factors disclosed in ~~“Item 1A.~~ Item 1A, Risk ~~Factors”~~Factors, in section Part II of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and Item 1A, Risk Factors, in section Part I in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, as filed with the SEC on February ~~23, 2017,~~22, 2018, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in any such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to:

the ability to gain customer acceptance of our new products and technologies;

•

~~the ability to gain customer acceptance of our new products and technologies;~~

the effect of a material breach of or disruption to the security of any of our or our vendors’ systems;

the failure to properly use and protect customer and employee information and data;

the effect of increased costs of providing health care and other benefits to our employees;

the effect of catastrophic events;

~~lack of market for our common stock;~~

potential tax liability of the separation;

the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”);

lack of history as an operating company and costs and other issues associated with being an independent company;

failure to achieve certain intended benefits of the separation;

failure of RRD or Donnelley Financial to satisfy their respective obligations under ~~transition services agreements or other~~ agreements entered into in connection with the separation; and

increases in requirements to fund or pay withdrawal costs or required contributions related to the Company’s pension plans.

Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Undue reliance should not be placed on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this document or the date of any document that may be incorporated by reference into this document.

Consequently, readers of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should consider these forward-looking statements only as the Company’s current plans, estimates and beliefs. The Company does not undertake and specifically declines any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect future events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to reflect any new events or any change in conditions or circumstances.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See Item 2. 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of Part I under ~~“Management~~Management of Market ~~Risk.”~~Risk. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s market risk since December 31, ~~2016.~~2017. For a discussion of exposure to market risk, refer to Part II, Item ~~7A.~~ 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, disclosed in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, as filed with the SEC on February ~~23, 2017.~~22, 2018.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018 an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 were effective in ensuring information required to be disclosed in the Company’s SEC reports was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information was accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

~~Internal Control Over Financial Reporting~~

Under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, LSC Communications is not required to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 until its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2017. In its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2017, management and the company’s independent registered public accounting firm will be required to provide an assessment as to the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the ~~company’s~~Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a discussion of certain litigation involving the Company, see Note ~~12,~~8, Commitments and Contingencies, to the condensed consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no ~~material~~significant changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, as filed with the SEC on February ~~23, 2017.~~ 22, 2018, except as follows.

The Merger Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the Merger may not be completed.

On October 30, 2018, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with Quad, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions therein, the Company’s stockholders will receive 0.625 shares of Quad’s class A common stock for every share of the Company’s common stock, without interest and subject to adjustment. Consummation of the Merger Agreement is subject to a number of conditions that must be fulfilled in order to complete the Merger. Those conditions include, among others: (i) the adoption of the Merger Agreement by our stockholders, (ii) the approval of the issuance of Quad’s class A common stock by Quad’s shareholders, (iii) the expiration of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976, as amended (the “HSR Act”), and other required regulatory approvals, (iv) the absence of any governmental order or law that precludes, restrains, enjoins or otherwise prohibits, the consummation of the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (v) Quad’s registration statement on Form S-4 having become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and (vi) Quad’s shares of class A common stock issuable in the Merger having been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance. These conditions to the closing of the Merger may not be fulfilled in a timely manner or at all, and, accordingly the Merger may be delayed or may not be completed.

Although we currently believe we should be able to obtain the expiration or termination of the waiting period applicable under the HSR Act in a timely manner, we cannot be certain when or if it will be obtained or, if obtained, whether such expiration or termination will require terms, conditions or restrictions not currently contemplated that will be detrimental to the surviving company after completion of the Merger. The Company and Quad have agreed to use reasonable best efforts to take certain actions to obtain the expiration or termination of the waiting period applicable under the HSR Act, except that neither Quad nor its subsidiaries will be required to make any divestiture, sale or other disposition of its assets or businesses.

In addition, the parties can mutually decide to terminate the Merger Agreement at any time, before or after obtaining stockholder or shareholder approval, as applicable, or, if the Merger is not completed by October 30, 2019, either the Company or Quad may choose to terminate the Merger Agreement and not proceed with the Merger. The Company and Quad may also elect to terminate the Merger Agreement in certain other circumstances.

The Merger Agreement limits our ability to pursue alternatives to the Merger.

The Merger Agreement contains provisions that may discourage a third party from submitting an acquisition proposal to us that might result in greater value to our stockholders than the Merger, or may result in a potential competing acquirer of the Company proposing to pay a lower per share price to acquire the Company than it might otherwise have proposed to pay. These provisions include a general prohibition on us soliciting or, subject to certain exceptions relating to the exercise of fiduciary duties by the Company’s board of directors, furnishing information with respect to the Company or entering into discussions with any third party regarding any acquisition proposal or offer for a competing transaction. We also have an unqualified obligation to submit the merger proposal to a vote by our stockholders, even if we receive an alternative acquisition proposal that our board of directors believes is superior to the Merger, unless the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms prior to such time. In the event that we terminate the Merger Agreement to enter into an alternative acquisition that our board of directors believes is superior to the Merger, we will be required by the Merger Agreement to pay Quad a termination fee of $12.5 million (plus up to $2 million of reimbursement of reasonable and documented expenses).

Our stockholders will have a reduced ownership and voting interest in the combined company after the Merger with Quad and will exercise less influence over management.

Currently, our stockholders have the right to vote in the election of the Company’s board of directors and the power to approve or reject any matters requiring stockholder approval under Delaware law and under our certificate of incorporation and bylaws. Upon completion of the Merger, our stockholders will become shareholders of Quad with a percentage ownership of Quad that is smaller than our stockholders’ current percentage ownership of the Company. Based on the number of issued and outstanding shares of Quad common stock as of October 26, 2018, the number of shares of the Company’s stock outstanding and the exchange ratio of 0.625 (assuming no potential adjustment pursuant to the Merger Agreement), after the Merger our stockholders are expected to become owners of approximately 29% of the economic ownership of the combined company, and approximately 11% of the voting power of the combined company, in each case, without giving effect to any shares of Quad common stock held by our stockholders prior to the completion of the Merger. Even if all former stockholders of the Company voted together on all matters presented to Quad shareholders from time to time, the former Company stockholders would exercise significantly less influence over Quad after the completion of the Merger relative to their influence over us prior to the completion of the Merger, and thus would have a less significant impact on the election of Quad’s board of directors and on the approval or rejection of future Quad proposals submitted to a shareholder vote.

Failure to complete the Merger could negatively impact the price of shares of our common stock, as well as our future business and financial results.

The Merger Agreement contains a number of conditions that must be satisfied or waived prior to the completion of the Merger. There can be no assurance that all of the conditions to the Merger will be so satisfied or waived. If the conditions to the Merger are not satisfied or waived, the Company and Quad will be unable to complete the Merger and the Merger Agreement may be terminated.

If the Merger is not completed for any reason, including the failure to receive the required approval of our stockholders, our business and financial results may be adversely affected in a number of ways, including:

the Company may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on the market price of shares of our common stock;

the manner in which customers, vendors, business partners and other third parties perceive the Company may be negatively impacted, which in turn could affect our marketing operations and our ability to compete for new business or obtain renewals in the marketplace more broadly;

we may experience negative reactions from employees; and

we will have expended time and resources that could otherwise have been spent on our existing businesses and the pursuit of other opportunities that could have been beneficial to the Company, and our ongoing business and financial results may be adversely affected.

We will be subject to business uncertainties while the Merger is pending, which could adversely affect our businesses.

Uncertainty about the effect of the Merger on employees and customers may have an adverse effect on the Company. These uncertainties may impair our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel until the Merger is completed and for a period of time thereafter, and could cause customers and other constituencies of the Company to seek to change their existing business relationships with us. Employee retention may be particularly challenging while the Merger is pending, as employees may experience uncertainty about their roles within Quad following completion of the Merger. In addition, the Merger Agreement restricts us from entering into certain corporate transactions and taking other specified actions without the consent of Quad and generally requires the Company to continue operating in the ordinary course of business in all material respects, until the completion of the Merger. These restrictions may prevent us from pursuing attractive business opportunities that may arise prior to the completion of the Merger.

We will incur transaction and merger-related costs in connection with the Merger, which may be in excess of those anticipated by us.

The Company has incurred and will incur substantial expenses in connection with negotiation and completion of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including advisor fees and the costs and expenses of filing, printing and mailing of a joint proxy statement/prospectus.

We expect to continue to incur a number of non-recurring costs associated with completing the Merger, combining the operations of the two companies and achieving desired synergies. These fees and costs have been, and will continue to be, substantial. The substantial majority of the non-recurring expenses will consist of transaction costs related to the Merger and include, among others, employee retention costs, fees paid to financial, legal, and public relations advisors, severance and benefit costs and filing fees. We will also incur transaction fees and costs related to formulating and implementing integration plans. Additional unanticipated costs also may be incurred while the Merger is pending and for a period thereafter for the integration of the two companies’ businesses. Although we expect that the elimination of duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses, should allow us to offset integration-related costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near-term, or at all. Certain of these costs will be borne by the Company even if the Merger is not completed.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2018.

Dividends

The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $50 million in the aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions. The decisions of the Company’s Board of Directors regarding the payment of future dividends depends on many factors, including but not limited to the Company’s financial condition, future prospects, earnings, capital requirements and debt service obligations, as well as legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant.

~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities~~

On July 28, 2017, the Company, Fairrington, Fairrington, LLC, Dispatch Merger Sub 1, Inc., Dispatch Merger Sub 2, Inc. and Victor G. Warren, as Trustee for the Victor G. Warren Revocable Trust Dated July 14, 1993 (the “Victor G. Warren Revocable Trust”), majority stockholder of Fairrington, entered into the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Fairrington Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company acquired Fairrington. Under the Fairrington Merger Agreement, the Company issued 964,319 shares of common stock to four individuals and the Victor G. Warren Revocable Trust (the “selling stockholders”), which shares had an aggregate closing date value of $20 million, in partial consideration for the acquisition of Fairrington (which had a total transaction value of $40 million).

The shares were unregistered under the Securities Act of 1933 (“the Securities Act”) upon the initial issuance and sale of the shares to the selling stockholders. The shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act and were endorsed with a customary Securities Act legend. The Company did not receive proceeds, underwriting discounts or commissions in connection with the sale and all of the shares of common stock offered by the selling stockholders will be sold by the selling stockholders for their own accounts. The shares were initially issued as restricted securities but were subsequently registered for resale pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-220762), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 13, 2017.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

2.1

Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2016, by and among R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, LSC Communications, Inc. and Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. (the “Separation Agreement”) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

2.2	Transition Services Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2016, between LSC Communications, Inc. and R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

2.3	Transition Services Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2016, between LSC Communications, Inc. and Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

2.4	Tax Disaffiliation Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2016, between LSC Communications, Inc. and R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

2.5	Patent Assignment and License Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2016, between LSC Communications US, LLC and R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

2.6	Trademark Assignment and License Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2016, between LSC Communications US, LLC and R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

2.7	Data Assignment and License Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2016, between LSC Communications US, LLC and R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

2.8

Software, Copyright and Trade Secret Assignment and License Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2016, between LSC Communications US, LLC and R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of LSC Communications, Inc. ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

3.2	Amended and Restated By-laws of LSC Communications, Inc. ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

4.1

Indenture, dated as of September 30, 2016, among LSC Communications, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee and as Collateral Agent ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

4.2

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2017, by and among LSC Communications, Inc. Victor G. Warren Revocable Trust Dated July 14, 1993, James Reifenberg, Mark Nickel, Phillip Warren and James M. Slattery (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on October 2, 2017)

10.1

Credit Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2016, among LSC Communications, Inc., the lenders party thereto, Bank Of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Co-Syndication Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

10.2

Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement dated as of November 17, 2017, by and among LSC Communications, Inc., the other Loan Parties, the 2017 Refinancing Term Lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, filed on May 3, 2018)

10.3	2016 LSC Communications, Inc. Performance Incentive Plan ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)*

~~10.3~~10.4

Amended and Restated LSC Communications, Inc. 2016 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2017)*

~~10.4~~10.5

LSC Communications, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, ~~dated~~amended and restated effective as of ~~September 22, 2016~~ ~~(incorporated~~August 1, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.4~~10.5 to the Company’s ~~Current~~Quarterly Report on Form ~~8-K~~10-Q filed on ~~October 3, 2016)~~August 2, 2018)*

~~10.5~~10.6

LSC Unfunded Supplemental Pension Plan effective October 1, 2016 (~~incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.6~~10.7

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan-B for Designated Executives effective January 1, 2001 as amended effective December 31, 2004, January 1, 2005 and September 30, 2016 (the “SERP-B”) (~~incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.7~~10.8

LSC Communications Annual Incentive Plan as amended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

10.9

Assignment of Employment Agreement and Acceptance of Assignment, dated as of September 29, 2016, between LSC Communications, Inc., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Thomas J. Quinlan III ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)*

~~10.8~~10.10

Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2017, between LSC Communications, Inc. and Thomas J. Quinlan III (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 31, 2017)*

10.11

Key Employee Severance Plan effective October 25, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed on November 2, 2017)*

~~10.9~~10.12

~~Assignment~~Form of ~~Employment~~Participation Agreement ~~and Acceptance of Assignment, dated as of September 29, 2016, between LSC Communications, Inc., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Andrew B. Coxhead~~ ~~(incorporated~~for the Key Employee Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.6~~10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on ~~October 3, 2016)~~January 19, 2018)*

~~10.10~~10.13

~~Assignment of Employment~~Participation Agreement between Suzanne S. Bettman and ~~Acceptance of Assignment,~~the Company, dated as of ~~September 29, 2016, between LSC Communications, Inc., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Suzanne S. Bettman~~ ~~(incorporated~~January 24, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.7~~10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on ~~October 3, 2016)~~January 26, 2018)*

~~10.11~~10.14

~~Amendment to Employment~~Participation Agreement between Andrew B. Coxhead and the Company, dated as of ~~October 25, 2017, between LSC Communications, Inc. and Suzanne S. Bettman~~January 24, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on ~~October 31, 2017)~~January 26, 2018)*

~~10.12~~10.15

~~Assignment of Employment~~Participation Agreement between Kent A. Hansen and ~~Acceptance of Assignment,~~the Company, dated as of ~~September 30, 2016, between LSC Communications, Inc., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Richard T. Lane~~January 24, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.8~~10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)*

~~10.13~~

~~Employment Agreement, dated as of July~~January 26, ~~2016, between Kent A. Hansen and LSC Communications US, LLC~~ (~~incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)~~2018)*

~~10.14~~

Form of Director Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, filed on November 10, 2016)*

~~10.15~~

Key Employee Severance Plan effective October 25, 2017 (filed herewith)*

10.16

~~Form of~~ Participation Agreement ~~for~~between Richard T. Lane and the ~~Key Employee Severance Plan (filed herewith)~~Company, dated as of January 24, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2018)*

10.17

~~Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award as amended (for 2004-2007) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.18~~

~~Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award (for 2014-2016) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.19~~

~~Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan amended as of October 26, 2017 (filed herewith)~~*

~~10.20~~

Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed on August 3, 2017)*

~~10.21~~

Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (filed herewith)*

~~10.22~~

~~Policy on Retirement Benefits, Phantom Stock Grants and Stock Options for Directors as amended to March 2000~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.23~~

Form of Stock Option Award Agreement (for 2009 to 2012) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (~~incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.24~~10.18

~~Form of Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2013 and 2014) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.25~~

~~Form of Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2015) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.26~~

~~Form of Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2016) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.27~~

~~Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement (for 2014) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.28~~

~~Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement (for 2015) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.29~~

Form of Founder’s Award (Restricted Stock) Agreement (~~incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.30~~10.19

~~Written Description of 2016 Annual Incentive Plan of the Company with respect to the period from October 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.31~~

~~LSC Communications Annual Incentive Plan as amended and restated~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.32~~

~~Form of Amendment to Cash Retention Awards~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

~~10.33~~

Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award (for 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, filed on May 4, 2017)*

~~10.34~~10.20

Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement (for 2018) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed on February 22, 2018)*

10.21

Form of Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2016) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

10.22

Form of Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, filed on May 4, 2017)*

10.23

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2018) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed on February 22, 2018)*

10.24

10.25

Policy on Retirement Benefits, Phantom Stock Grants and Stock Options for Directors as amended to March 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

10.26

Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan amended as of October 26, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed on November 2, 2017)*

10.27

Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award as amended (for 2004-2007) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

10.28

Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award (for 2014-2016) converted from R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)*

10.29

Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for 2018) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed on November 2, 2017)*

14.1	Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers (~~incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)

~~21.1~~

~~Subsidiaries of the Company~~ (~~incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 23, 2017)~~

31.1	Certification by Thomas J. Quinlan, III, Chief Executive Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith)

31.2	Certification by Andrew B. Coxhead, Chief Financial Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith)

32.1	Certification by Thomas J. Quinlan, III, Chief Executive Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (filed herewith)

32.2	Certification by Andrew B. Coxhead, Chief Financial Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (filed herewith)

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

___________________________

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

LSC COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

By:		/s/ ANDREW B. COXHEAD
		Andrew B. Coxhead
		Chief Financial Officer

By:		/s/ KENT A. HANSEN
		Kent A. Hansen
		Chief Accounting Officer and Controller

Date: November ~~2, 2017~~7, 2018

5259

Large accelerated filer	☐☒		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒☐	~~(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)~~	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

		Page
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1: Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements (unaudited)		3
Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Balance Sheets as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017		3
Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017		4
Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017		5
Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017		6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated ~~and Combined~~ Financial Statements		7
Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		2632
Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		4551
Item 4: Controls and Procedures		4552
Part II. Other Information		4753
Item 1: Legal Proceedings		4753
Item 1A: Risk Factors		4753
Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		4755
Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures		4755
Item 6: Exhibits		4855
Signatures		5259

	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range
Customer relationships	$	36	Relief-from-royalty-method	Growth rate	(3.0)% - 0.9%
				Attrition rate	6.0% - 6.5%
				Discount rate	15.0% - 23.0%
Trade names		3	Multi-period excess earnings method	Royalty rate	1.0% - 1.5%
				Discount rate	15.0% - 19.0%

	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Value
Customer relationships	$	20	Multi-period excess earnings method	Existing customer growth rate	(3.5%)
				Attrition rate	7.5%
				Discount rate	18.0%

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Qualified			Non-Qualified & International		Qualified			Non-Qualified & International
Interest cost	$	22		$	—	$	65		$	2
Expected return on plan assets		(38	)		—		(114	)		—
Amortization, net		4			1		12			1
Net periodic benefit (income) loss	$	(12	)	$	1	$	(37	)	$	3

	Segment	Reporting Unit
Print Logistics	Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics	Logistics
Clark Group	Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics	Logistics
Quality Park	Office Products	Office Products
Publishers Press	Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics	Magazines and Catalogs
NECI	Office Products	Office Products
CREEL	Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics	Magazines and Catalogs
Fairrington	Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics	Logistics
HudsonYards	Magazines, Catalogs and Logistics	Magazines and Catalogs

	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2017
Magazines and Catalogs	$	28	$	30
Logistics		22		38
Other		5		5
Total	$	55	$	73

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Amortization of purchased intangibles	$	5	$	5	$	15	$	16

	As Reported			Adjustments			Adjusted
	December 31,			Adoption of			January 1,
	2017			ASC 606			2018
Assets
Receivables, net	$	727		$	32		$	759
Inventories		238			(32	)		206
Deferred income taxes		51			(3	)		48

Liabilities
Accrued liabilities	$	239		$	(12	)	$	227

Equity
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	$	(90	)	$	9		$	(81	)

	September 30, 2018
				Adjustments			Pro forma as if the
				Adoption of			previous standard
	As Reported			ASC 606			were in effect
Assets
Receivables, net	$	772		$	(40	)	$	732
Inventories		244			39			283
Deferred income taxes		12			3			15

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	351		$	(1	)	$	350
Accrued liabilities		219			13			232

Equity
Accumulated deficit	$	(18	)	$	(10	)	$	(28	)

	September 30, 2018		January 1, 2018
Trade receivables	$	585	$	647
Short-term contract assets		38		31
Long-term contract assets		33		36
Short-term contract liabilities		18		21

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
	Contract Assets			Contract Liabilities
Revenue recognized that was included in contract liabilities as of January 1, 2018	$	—		$	(18	)
Increases due to cash received		—			15
Payment of contract acquisition costs		5			—
Additions to unbilled accounts receivable		37			—
Amortization of contract acquisition costs		(8	)		—
Unbilled accounts receivable recognized as receivables		(30	)		—

	September 30, 2018
Balance, beginning of year	$	11
Provisions charged to expense		5
Write-offs and other		(2	)
Balance, end of period	$	14

	September 30, 2017
			Weighted-Average
			Amortization Period
	Amount		(years)
Customer relationships	$	36		10.6
Trade names (amortizable)		3		5.0
	$	39

For the year ending December 31,	Amount		Amount
2017	$	17
2018		15	$	18
2019		15		18
2020		14		18
2021		13		16
2022 and thereafter		64
2022				14
2023 and thereafter				71
Total	$	138	$	155

	December 31, 2016		Restructuring Charges		Foreign Exchange and Other		Cash Paid			September 30, 2017
Employee terminations	$	8	$	7	$	—	$	(11	)	$	4
Multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations		18		1		—		(3	)		16
Lease terminations and other		2		16		—		(14	)		4
Total	$	28	$	24	$	—	$	(28	)	$	24

	December 31,		Restructuring				Cash			September 30,
	2017		Charges		Other		Paid			2018
Employee terminations	$	8	$	6	$	—	$	(12	)	$	2
Multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations		16		2		19		(4	)		33
Other		2		8		—		(9	)		1
Total	$	26	$	16	$	19	$	(25	)	$	36

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility	$	229		$	75
Term Loan Facility due September 30, 2022 _(a)		270			306
8.75% Senior Secured Notes due October 15, 2023		450			450
Capital lease and other obligations		8			3
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(11	)		(12	)
Total debt		946			822
Less: current portion		(276	)		(123	)
Long-term debt	$	670		$	699

	Before Amendment	After Amendment
Interest rate (Company's option)	Base rate + 5.00%; or LIBOR + 6.00%	Base rate + 4.50%; or LIBOR + 5.50%
LIBOR floor	1.00%	0.75%
Amortization	$13 million, first eight quarters; $11 million quarterly thereafter (as of original effective date)	$13 million, first eight quarters; $11 million quarterly thereafter (as of original effective date)
Maturity	September 30, 2022	September 30, 2022

	Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	1,277
Net income		97
Net transfers to parent company		(933	)
Other comprehensive loss		(4	)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	437

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Before Tax Amount		Income Tax Expense		Net of Tax Amount		Before Tax Amount		Income Tax Expense		Net of Tax Amount
Translation adjustments	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	20	$	—	$	20
Adjustment for net periodic pension plan cost		5		2		3		13		5		8
Other comprehensive income	$	7	$	2	$	5	$	33	$	5	$	28

	Pension Plan Cost			Translation Adjustments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(462	)	$	(69	)	$	(531	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		—			20			20
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		8			—			8
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss		8			20			28
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(454	)	$	(49	)	$	(503	)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,					Classification in the Condensed Consolidated & Combined
	2017		2016			2017		2016			Statements of Operations
Amortization of pension plan cost:
Net actuarial loss	$	5	$	—		$	13	$	1		(a)
Settlement		—		—			—		1
Reclassifications before tax		5		—			13		2
Income tax expense (benefit)		2		(1	)		5		3
Reclassifications, net of tax	$	3	$	1		$	8	$	(1	)

	Pension			Translation
	Plan Cost			Adjustments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(428	)	$	(48	)	$	(476	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		—			(4	)		(4	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		11			—			11
Reclassification to accumulated deficit		(97	)		—			(97	)
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss		(86	)		(4	)		(90	)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(514	)	$	(52	)	$	(566	)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2016		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Costs of goods sold	$	25	$	67
Selling, general and administrative		42		114
Depreciation and amortization		1		5
Total allocations from RRD	$	68	$	186

Date~~. The total purchase price was $5 million in cash.~~	Company	Description	Purchase Price
July 2, 2018	RRD's Print Logistics business ("Print Logistics")	Integrated logistics services provider with distribution network	$58 million in cash
November 29, 2017	The Clark Group, Inc. (“Clark Group”)	Third-party logistics provider of distribution, consolidation, transportation management and international freight forwarding services	$25 million in cash
November 9, 2017	Quality Park	Producer of envelopes, mailing supplies and assorted packaging items	$41 million in cash
September 7, 2017	Publishers Press, LLC	Printing provider with capabilities such as web-offset printing, prepress and distribution services for magazines and retail brands	$68 million in cash
August 21, 2017	NECI, LLC ("NECI")	Supplier of commodity and specialty filing supplies	$6 million in cash
August 17, 2017	CREEL Printing, LLC ("CREEL")	Offset and digital printing company	$79 million in cash
July 28, 2017	Fairrington Transportation Corp., F.T.C. Transport, Inc. and F.T.C. Services, Inc. (“Fairrington”)	Full-service, printer-independent mailing logistics provider in the United States	$19 million in cash and ~1.0 million shares of LSC common stock (total value $39 million)
March 1, 2017	HudsonYards Studios, LLC ("HudsonYards")	Digital and print premedia production company that provides high-quality creative retouching, computer-generated imagery, mechanical creation, press-ready file preparation, and interactive production services	$3 million in cash

	September 30, 2017		September 30, 2018
	(in millions)		(in millions)
Availability
Stated amount of the Revolving Credit Facility	$	400	$	400
Less: availability reduction from covenants		—		14
Amount available under the Revolving Credit Facility	$	400	$	386

Usage
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility	$	140	$	229
Impact on availability related to outstanding letters of credit		58		32
Total usage			$	261
	$	198

Current availability at September 30, 2017	$	202
Current availability at September 30, 2018			$	125
Cash		23		20
Net Available Liquidity	$	225	$	145