Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

On November ~~2, 2018, 12,494,846~~1, 2019, 12,642,309 common shares were outstanding.

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	14,778		$	20,700		$	9,829		$	19,713
Receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $786 in 2018 and $962 in 2017		85,567			86,623
Receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,827 in 2019 and $978 in 2018								77,081			69,448
Inventories		107,202			107,561			86,976			94,196
Insurance receivable – asbestos		15,000			13,000			17,000			17,000
Current assets held for sale		7,129			0
Other current assets		11,507			12,363			6,687			7,271
Current assets of discontinued operations								0			20,238
Total current assets		241,183			240,247			197,573			227,866
Property, plant and equipment, net		201,670			214,980			164,579			185,661
Operating lease right-of-use assets								5,428			0
Insurance receivable – asbestos		72,331			87,342			124,032			135,508
Deferred income tax assets		2,490			1,590			3,075			3,188
Intangible assets, net								7,709			9,225
Investments in joint ventures		2,175			2,175			2,175			2,175
Intangible assets, net		9,563			11,021
Other noncurrent assets		6,633			8,244			8,942			7,496
Total assets	$	536,045		$	565,599		$	513,513		$	571,119
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	51,324		$	47,479		$	36,445		$	38,900
Accrued payrolls and employee benefits		19,649			22,768			20,244			20,380
Debt – current portion		46,163			19,335			20,041			45,728
Operating lease liabilities – current portion								618			0
Asbestos liability – current portion		21,000			18,000			24,000			24,000
Current liabilities held for sale		278			0
Other current liabilities		29,063			37,089			28,132			28,987
Current liabilities of discontinued operations								0			9,458
Total current liabilities		167,477			144,671			129,480			167,453
Employee benefit obligations		73,099			79,750			71,162			72,658
Asbestos liability		110,220			131,750			188,953			203,922
Deferred income tax liabilities								609			164
Long-term debt		31,891			46,818			55,026			31,881
Deferred income tax liabilities		385			433
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities								4,810			0
Other noncurrent liabilities		2,190			416			2,258			2,072
Total liabilities		385,262			403,838			452,298			478,150
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 8)
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 9)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock – par value $1; authorized 20,000 shares; issued and outstanding 12,495 shares in 2018 and 12,361 shares in 2017		12,495			12,361
Common stock – par value $1; authorized 40,000 shares in 2019 and 20,000 shares in 2018; issued and outstanding 12,642 shares in 2019 and 12,495 shares in 2018								12,642			12,495
Additional paid-in capital		154,650			152,992			155,955			154,889
Retained earnings		29,888			38,348
Retained deficit								(54,416	)		(30,355	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(50,218	)		(44,760	)		(59,127	)		(49,434	)
Total Ampco-Pittsburgh shareholders’ equity		146,815			158,941			55,054			87,595
Noncontrolling interest		3,968			2,820			6,161			5,374
Total shareholders’ equity		150,783			161,761			61,215			92,969
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	536,045		$	565,599		$	513,513		$	571,119

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
Net sales	$	112,216		$	103,886		$	354,720		$	317,952		$	90,872		$	98,824		$	300,885		$	323,610
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization)		98,408			87,346			301,741			264,179			75,475			82,007			250,232			268,500
Selling and administrative		14,512			14,218			44,799			44,648			12,365			13,999			40,179			43,128
Depreciation and amortization		5,683			5,451			17,357			17,019			4,502			5,361			14,411			16,409
Loss on disposal of assets		298			110			237			109
Impairment charge														0			0			10,082			0
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets														(130	)		304			(67	)		386
Total operating expenses		118,901			107,125			364,134			325,955			92,212			101,671			314,837			328,423
Loss from operations		(6,685	)		(3,239	)		(9,414	)		(8,003	)
Loss from continuing operations														(1,340	)		(2,847	)		(13,952	)		(4,813	)
Other income (expense):
Investment-related income		440			34			507			105			19			433			1,419			500
Interest expense		(1,082	)		(778	)		(2,975	)		(2,683	)		(1,541	)		(1,054	)		(4,035	)		(2,947	)
Other – net		1,671			276			5,022			(39	)		2,068			1,255			4,289			5,597
		1,029			(468	)		2,554			(2,617	)		546			634			1,673			3,150
Loss before income taxes and equity income in joint venture		(5,656	)		(3,707	)		(6,860	)		(10,620	)
Income tax (provision) benefit		(800	)		1,804			(907	)		1,771
Equity income in joint venture		0			0			0			535
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes														(794	)		(2,213	)		(12,279	)		(1,663	)
Income tax provision														(429	)		(800	)		(1,716	)		(883	)
Net loss from continuing operations														(1,223	)		(3,013	)		(13,995	)		(2,546	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax														(3,398	)		(3,443	)		(9,031	)		(5,221	)
Net loss		(6,456	)		(1,903	)		(7,767	)		(8,314	)		(4,621	)		(6,456	)		(23,026	)		(7,767	)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		583			299			1,325			584			434			583			1,035			1,325
Net loss attributable to Ampco-Pittsburgh shareholders	$	(7,039	)	$	(2,202	)	$	(9,092	)	$	(8,898	)
Net loss attributable to Ampco-Pittsburgh													$	(5,055	)	$	(7,039	)	$	(24,061	)	$	(9,092	)

Net loss from continuing operations per common share:
Basic													$	(0.10	)	$	(0.24	)	$	(1.11	)	$	(0.20	)
Diluted													$	(0.10	)	$	(0.24	)	$	(1.11	)	$	(0.20	)

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, per common share:
Basic													$	(0.27	)	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.72	)	$	(0.42	)
Diluted													$	(0.27	)	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.72	)	$	(0.42	)

Net loss per common share attributable to Ampco-Pittsburgh:
Basic	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.72	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.56	)	$	(1.91	)	$	(0.73	)
Diluted	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.72	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.56	)	$	(1.91	)	$	(0.73	)

Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.00		$	0.00		$	0.00		$	0.09

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		12,494			12,361			12,432			12,320			12,640			12,494			12,572			12,432
Diluted		12,494			12,361			12,432			12,320			12,640			12,494			12,572			12,432

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
Net loss	$	(6,456	)	$	(1,903	)	$	(7,767	)	$	(8,314	)	$	(4,621	)	$	(6,456	)	$	(23,026	)	$	(7,767	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income tax where applicable:
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax where applicable:
Adjustments for changes in:
Foreign currency translation		(1,102	)		3,526			(4,801	)		10,704			(3,769	)		(1,102	)		(4,893	)		(4,801	)
Unrecognized employee benefit costs (including effects of foreign currency translation)		138			(652	)		417			(1,773	)		(9,551	)		138			(4,850	)		417
Unrealized holding gains on marketable securities		0			136			0			423
Fair value of cash flow hedges		(198	)		217			(519	)		456			(134	)		(198	)		(87	)		(519	)
Reclassification adjustments for items included in net loss:
Amortization of unrecognized employee benefit costs		(42	)		945			152			2,461			156			(42	)		(287	)		152
Realized gains from sale of marketable securities		0			(19	)		0			(25	)
Realized losses (gains) from settlement of cash flow hedges		46			(150	)		(255	)		(472	)		53			46			176			(255	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(1,158	)		4,003			(5,006	)		11,774
Comprehensive (loss) income		(7,614	)		2,100			(12,773	)		3,460
Other comprehensive loss														(13,245	)		(1,158	)		(9,941	)		(5,006	)
Comprehensive loss														(17,866	)		(7,614	)		(32,967	)		(12,773	)
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		794			440			1,502			656			188			440			787			1,148
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Ampco-Pittsburgh	$	(8,408	)	$	1,660		$	(14,275	)	$	2,804
Comprehensive loss attributable to Ampco-Pittsburgh													$	(18,054	)	$	(8,054	)	$	(33,754	)	$	(13,921	)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Noncontrolling Interest			Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Balance July 1, 2019	$	12,624	$	155,644	$	(49,361	)	$	(46,128	)	$	5,973		$	78,752
Stock-based compensation				299											299
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net (loss) income						(5,055	)					434			(4,621	)
Other comprehensive loss									(12,999	)		(246	)		(13,245	)
Comprehensive income (loss)												188			(17,866	)
Issuance of common stock excluding excess tax benefits of $0		18		12											30
Balance September 30, 2019	$	12,642	$	155,955	$	(54,416	)	$	(59,127	)	$	6,161		$	61,215

For the three months ended September 30, 2018
Balance July 1, 2018	$	12,491	$	154,185	$	36,926		$	(49,203	)	$	3,528		$	157,927
Stock-based compensation				462											462
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net (loss) income						(7,039	)					583			(6,456	)
Other comprehensive loss									(1,015	)		(143	)		(1,158	)
Comprehensive income (loss)												440			(7,614	)
Issuance of common stock excluding excess tax benefits of $0		4		3											7
Other						1									1
Balance September 30, 2018	$	12,495	$	154,650	$	29,888		$	(50,218	)	$	3,968		$	150,783

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Balance January 1, 2019	$	12,495	$	154,889	$	(30,355	)	$	(49,434	)	$	5,374		$	92,969
Stock-based compensation				959											959
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net (loss) income						(24,061	)					1,035			(23,026	)
Other comprehensive loss									(9,693	)		(248	)		(9,941	)
Comprehensive income (loss)												787			(32,967	)
Issuance of common stock excluding excess tax benefits of $0		147		107											254
Balance September 30, 2019	$	12,642	$	155,955	$	(54,416	)	$	(59,127	)	$	6,161		$	61,215

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
Balance January 1, 2018	$	12,361	$	152,992	$	38,980		$	(45,392	)	$	2,820		$	161,761
Stock-based compensation				1,301											1,301
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net (loss) income						(9,092	)					1,325			(7,767	)
Other comprehensive loss									(4,829	)		(177	)		(5,006	)
Comprehensive income (loss)												1,148			(12,773	)
Issuance of common stock excluding excess tax benefits of $0		134		357											491
Other									3						3
Balance September 30, 2018	$	12,495	$	154,650	$	29,888		$	(50,218	)	$	3,968		$	150,783

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
Net cash flows used in operating activities	$	(8,194	)	$	(15,946	)
Net cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities - continuing operations							$	(8,194	)	$	1,555

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(8,803	)		(9,744	)		(7,156	)		(7,215	)
Proceeds from sale of investment in joint venture		0			1,000
Proceeds from sale of ASW (Note 2)								4,292			0
Proceeds from sale of the Avonmore Plant (Note 2)								3,700			0
Purchases of long-term marketable securities		(102	)		(83	)		(51	)		(102	)
Proceeds from sale of long-term marketable securities		247			245			241			247
Net cash flows used in investing activities		(8,658	)		(8,582	)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities - continuing operations								1,026			(7,070	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid		(35	)		(2,236	)
Deferred financing costs (Note 7)		(477	)		0
Repayment of debt		(132	)		(730	)		(27,830	)		(273	)
Proceeds from Revolving Credit and Security Agreement		23,000			23,339			35,624			23,000
Payments on Revolving Credit and Security Agreement		(29,500	)		(3,000	)		(11,500	)		(29,500	)
Proceeds from sale and leaseback financing arrangement (Note 7)		19,000			0
Repayments on sale and leaseback financing arrangement (Note 7)		(141	)		0
Proceeds from credit facility		0			8,795
Payments on credit facility		0			(15,941	)
Net cash flows provided by financing activities		11,715			10,227
Proceeds from sale and leaseback financing arrangement								0			19,000
Dividends paid								(7	)		(35	)
Deferred financing costs								0			(477	)
Funding of discontinued operations								1,663			(10,069	)
Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities - continuing operations								(2,050	)		1,646

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(785	)		1,089			(666	)		(785	)

Cash flows from discontinued operations:
Net cash flows used in operating activities - discontinued operations								(3,803	)		(9,749	)
Net cash flows used in investing activities - discontinued operations								(158	)		(1,588	)
Net cash flows provided by financing activities - discontinued operations								2,837			10,069
Net cash flows used in discontinued operations								(1,124	)		(1,268	)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(5,922	)		(13,212	)		(11,008	)		(5,922	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		20,700			38,579			20,837			20,700
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	14,778		$	25,367			9,829			14,778
Less: cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations								0			(775	)
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations at end of period							$	9,829		$	14,003

Supplemental information:
Income tax payments	$	1,126		$	988		$	1,021		$	1,126
Interest payments	$	1,338		$	956		$	2,917		$	1,338
Non-cash investing activities:
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable	$	1,161		$	1,947		$	1,022		$	1,161
Finance lease right-of-use assets exchanged for lease liabilities							$	555		$	0

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, ~~2018, and~~2019, the condensed consolidated statements of operations, ~~and~~ comprehensive income (loss) and shareholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, and ~~2017, and~~the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and ~~2017,~~2018, have been prepared by Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation (the “Corporation”) without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, are not necessarily indicative of the operating results expected for the full year.

In October 2018, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a plan to sell its indirect subsidiary, ASW Steel Inc. (“ASW”), which was completed on September 30, 2019. See Note 2. The assets and liabilities of ASW as of December 31, 2018, have been classified as held for sale, and its operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, have been presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying financial statements. All footnotes exclude balances and activity of ASW unless otherwise noted.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted.

In ~~May~~August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ~~(the “FASB”~~(“FASB”) ~~issued ASU 2017-09,~~ ~~Scope of Modification Accounting~~, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendment will be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after January 1, 2018. The amended guidance became effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2018, and did not affect its financial position, operating results or liquidity.

~~In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07,~~ ~~Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost~~, which requires an employer who offers defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans to report the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of income from operations. The amendment also allows only the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization, when applicable. The amended guidance does not change the amount of net periodic benefit cost to be recognized, only where it is to be recognized in the income statement. The amended guidance became effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2018, and was applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement costs in the income statement. As permitted by the guidance, the Corporation used the amounts disclosed in its pension and other postretirement benefits footnote (Note 6) as the estimate to apply retrospectively. The Corporation has historically capitalized the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to inventory, when applicable, and will continue to do so prospectively. The guidance did not affect the Corporation’s liquidity. The effect of the retrospective guidance on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows:

~~In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15,~~ ~~Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~, which clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The amended guidance became effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2018, and did not impact the presentation of its cash flow statement, and it did not affect the Corporation’s financial position, operating results or liquidity.

~~In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)~~. ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments outline a single comprehensive model to account for revenue from customer contracts and establish principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a company’s contracts with customers. In accordance with Topic 606, a company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. It also requires comprehensive disclosures regarding revenue recognition. The guidance became effective January 1, 2018, and could have been implemented on either a full or modified retrospective basis (cumulative-effect adjustment to January 1, 2018 retained earnings). The Corporation adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach and by applying it to those contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. There was, however, no cumulative-effect adjustment to the Corporation’s retained earnings as of January 1, 2018, since the new guidance did not change the Corporation’s timing of revenue recognition, which continues to be at a point in time. See Note 15 for the additional disclosures.

~~In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01,~~ ~~Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities~~, which simplifies the accounting and disclosures related to equity investments. ASU 2016-01 requires entities to carry certain investments in equity securities at fair value with changes in fair value recorded through net income (loss) versus other comprehensive income (loss). ASU 2016-01 does not apply to investments that qualify for the equity method of accounting or result in consolidation of the investee. The guidance became effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2018, and as required, was adopted by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of 2018, as follows:

~~In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14,~~ ~~Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans~~, which modifies the disclosure requirements for defined benefit and other postretirement plans. The amended guidance eliminates certain disclosures associated with accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), plan assets, related parties, and the effects of interest rate basis point changes on assumed health care costs. Additionally, new disclosure requirements have been added to address significant gains and losses related to changes in benefit obligations. The guidance becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020; however, early adoption is permitted. All amendments are required to be adopted on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. ~~The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures. The new guidance will not affect the Corporation’s financial position, operating results or liquidity.~~

~~In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13,~~ ~~Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement~~, which requires several changes to the hierarchy associated with Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurements and the related disclosure requirements. The guidance becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019; however, early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact ~~the guidance will have on its disclosures. The new guidance will not affect the Corporation’s financial position, operating results or liquidity.~~

~~In August 2017, the FASB~~ issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging, which amends and simplifies existing guidance to allow companies to present more accurately ~~present~~ the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. The

amended guidance ~~will be~~became effective for ~~interim~~the Corporation on January 1, 2019, and ~~annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018; however, early adoption~~did not affect the Corporation’s financial position, operating results or liquidity.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability for all leases other than those with a term less than one year and to disclose key information about certain leasing arrangements. The guidance became effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2019, and was applied on a modified retrospective basis (cumulative-effect adjustment to January 1, 2019 retained earnings). An operating lease ROU asset and operating lease liability equal to the present value of lease payments of $5,893 was recorded as of January 1, 2019. There was no cumulative-effect adjustment to the Corporation’s retained earnings as of January 1, 2019, since initial direct costs were insignificant. See Note 4 and Note 7, respectively, for the finance lease ROU assets recorded within Property, Plant and Equipment and the finance lease liabilities recorded within Debt as of September 30, 2019. ASU 2016-02 also provides an election for practical expedients which permit an entity not to reassess whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, to carry forward the existing lease classification, and not to reassess initial direct costs associated with existing leases. The Corporation applied these practical expedients as part of its adoption. The new guidance did not affect the Corporation’s operating results or liquidity.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, which adds a new impairment model, known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, that is ~~permitted.~~based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes an allowance for its estimate of expected credit losses and applies it to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts, and other loan commitments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets that have a low risk of loss. The guidance becomes effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2020. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on its financial position and operating results. It will not, however, affect the Corporation’s liquidity.

In ~~February~~ 2016, the ~~FASB issued ASU 2016-02,~~ Corporation purchased the stock of ASW, a specialty steel producer located in Ontario, Canada. The acquisition supported the Corporation’s diversification efforts in the open-die forging market. Loss of a key customer in the first quarter of 2018, as a result of a plant closure, and loss of significant U.S. business due to tariffs imposed by the United States as of June 1, 2018, on imports of primary steel from Canada have resulted in significant losses for the Canadian operation. In October 2018, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a plan to sell ASW and, in the fourth quarter of 2018, the Corporation recorded an after-tax charge of $15,000 to write down the assets of ASW to their estimated fair value less costs to sell.

~~Leases (Topic 842)~~On September 30, 2019, the Corporation, Ampco UES Sub, Inc., an indirect subsidiary of the Corporation, and ASW entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Valbruna Canada Ltd., a company organized and existing under the laws of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada (the “Purchaser”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Purchaser agreed to acquire all of the outstanding equity of ASW for $8,000 in cash. The net proceeds received at closing, after customary purchase price adjustments made in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, were $4,292. The purchase price may be further increased or decreased once the final net working capital, indebtedness and transaction expenses as of the closing date have been determined in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement.

While the Corporation will continue to service the open-die forged products market, it will not have a dedicated supply of required specialty steel through a back-end integration of ASW. Instead, Union Electric Steel (“UES”), an indirect subsidiary of the Corporation, entered into a long-term supply agreement with ASW for the supply of stainless steel ingots to UES.

The sale of ASW represents a strategic shift that will have a major impact on the Corporation’s operations and financial results. As of December 31, 2018, the “asset held for sale” and “discontinued operations” criteria were met. Accordingly, as set forth in ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements, ~~which requires lessees to recognize~~the assets and liabilities onof ASW were presented separately as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet ~~for the rights~~as of December 31, 2018. The assets and ~~obligations created by all leases with a term~~liabilities of ~~more than one year. Accounting by lessors will remain similar to existing generally accepted accounting principles. The guidance becomes effective for~~ASW were classified as current because the Corporation ~~on January 1,~~expected to complete the sale in 2019. The ~~Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on its financial position,~~ operating results and ~~liquidity.~~cash flows of ASW have been presented as discontinued operations, for the current and prior year periods, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and statements of cash flows. Previously, the operating results of ASW were included in the operating results of the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment.

The following table presents the major classes of ASW’s line items constituting the “loss from discontinued operations, net of tax” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net sales	$	9,992		$	14,849		$	35,045		$	51,227
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization)		12,772			17,858			42,407			53,358
Selling and administrative		569			513			1,700			1,671
Depreciation and amortization		0			322			0			948
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets		53			(6	)		42			(149	)
Total operating expenses		13,394			18,687			44,149			55,828
Loss from discontinued operations		(3,402	)		(3,838	)		(9,104	)		(4,601	)
Other income (expense)		4			395			73			(596	)
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes		(3,398	)		(3,443	)		(9,031	)		(5,197	)
Income tax provision		0			0			0			(24	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	(3,398	)	$	(3,443	)	$	(9,031	)	$	(5,221	)

Net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, include $360 and $1,457, and $4,381 and $20,117, respectively, of products sold by ASW to UES. Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) approximated the same.

Additionally, in March 2019, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a plan to sell certain assets of Akers National Roll Company (“ANR”), an indirect subsidiary of UES, located in Avonmore, Pennsylvania (the “Avonmore Plant”). In connection with the anticipated sale, the Corporation recognized an impairment charge of $10,082 in the first quarter of 2019, to record the assets at their estimated net realizable value. In May 2019, ANR entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Avonmore Plant, including its real estate and certain personal property, to an affiliate of WHEMCO, Inc. for $3,700. On September 30, 2019, following completion of customer orders in backlog, the transaction closed and all operations at ANR ceased. Although the sale of the Avonmore Plant is expected to mitigate the excess capacity and high operating costs of the Corporation’s cast roll operations, thereby having a positive impact on the Corporation’s operating results, the sale of the Avonmore Plant is not considered a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Corporation’s operations per the requirements of ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. Accordingly, the operating results and cash flows of ANR are included within continuing operations, versus discontinued operations, for the current year and prior year periods.

At September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, approximately ~~33% and 42%~~36% of the inventories were valued on the LIFO method with the remaining inventories valued on the FIFO method. Inventories were comprised of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	22,113	$	24,249	$	20,032	$	19,615
Work-in-process		44,459		42,840		36,359		42,339
Finished goods		22,705		24,083		19,044		20,650
Supplies		17,925		16,389		11,541		11,592
Inventories	$	107,202	$	107,561	$	86,976	$	94,196

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Land and land improvements	$	11,692		$	12,172		$	9,340		$	10,207
Buildings		66,998			68,572			60,922			65,425
Machinery and equipment		340,447			340,396			319,264			332,378
Construction-in-process		6,612			5,019			5,545			3,499
Other		7,330			7,193			6,815			6,813
		433,079			433,352			401,886			418,322
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(231,409	)		(218,372	)		(237,307	)		(232,661	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	201,670		$	214,980		$	164,579		$	185,661

The majority of the assets of the Corporation, except real property, is pledged as collateral ~~for~~under the Corporation’s Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (Note 7). Land and buildings of Union Electric Steel UK Limited (“UES-UK”), an indirect subsidiary of the Corporation, equal to approximately ~~$2,733~~$2,609 (£~~2,098)~~2,122) at September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, are held as collateral by the trustees of the UES-UK defined benefit pension plan (Note 6)8). The gross value of finance lease ROU assets ~~under capital lease~~ and the related accumulated amortization as of September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, approximated ~~$3,465~~$3,139 and ~~$1,023,~~$930, respectively, and at December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, approximated ~~$4,082~~$3,716 and ~~$1,101,~~$1,340, respectively.

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Customer relationships	$	6,271		$	6,543		$	5,935		$	6,234
Developed technology		4,339			4,429			4,047			4,322
Trade name		2,507			2,696			2,302			2,497
		13,117			13,668			12,284			13,053
Accumulated amortization		(3,554	)		(2,647	)		(4,575	)		(3,828	)
Intangible assets, net	$	9,563		$	11,021		$	7,709		$	9,225

The value of intangible assets changed between the periods due to the movement of $177 from intangible assets to current assets held for sale (Note 18) and changes in foreign currency exchange rates used to translate intangible assets from local currency to the U.S. dollar. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, was $300 and $309, respectively. Amortization expense forChanges during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, represent an impairment charge on the intangible assets of ANR recognized in connection with the anticipated sale of the Avonmore Plant. Changes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, ~~and 2017, was $922 and $908, respectively.~~represent the movement of intangible assets to assets held for sale associated with the anticipated sale of the Vertical Seal division of ANR, which closed on October 31, 2018.

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Customer-related liabilities	$	16,113	$	18,512	$	14,680	$	16,439
Accrued interest payable		2,743		2,697		2,453		2,333
Accrued sales commissions		1,995		2,301		1,564		1,637
Other		8,212		13,579		9,435		8,578
Other current liabilities	$	29,063	$	37,089	$	28,132	$	28,987

Included in customer-related liabilities are costs expected to be incurred with respect to product warranties and customer deposits. The Corporation provides a limited warranty on its products, known as assurance type warranties, and may issue credit notes or replace products free of charge for valid claims. A warranty is considered an assurance type warranty if it provides the customer with assurance that the product will function as intended. Historically, warranty claims have been insignificant. The Corporation records a provision for product warranties at the time the underlying sale is recorded. The provision is based on historical experience as a percent of sales adjusted for potential claims when a liability is probable and for known claims.

Changes in the liability for product warranty claims consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
Balance at beginning of the period	$	10,122		$	12,117		$	11,702		$	11,521		$	9,223		$	9,626		$	9,447		$	11,379
Satisfaction of warranty claims		(982	)		(1,169	)		(2,616	)		(2,889	)		(1,392	)		(1,315	)		(3,873	)		(4,487	)
Provision for warranty claims		508			1,011			2,496			2,964			1,250			469			3,622			2,218
Reversal of unneeded provision for warranty claims		(312	)		0			(1,916	)		0
Other, primarily impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates		(17	)		328			(347	)		691			(213	)		(6	)		(328	)		(336	)
Balance at end of the period	$	9,319		$	12,287		$	9,319		$	12,287		$	8,868		$	8,774		$	8,868		$	8,774

Customer deposits represent amounts collected from, or invoiced to, a customer in advance of revenue recognition, and are recorded as an other current liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The liability for customer deposits is reversed when the Corporation satisfies its performance obligations and control of the inventory transfers to the customer, typically when title transfers. Performance obligations related to customer deposits are expected to be satisfied in less than one year.

In connection with the ratification of the collective bargaining agreement for employees of the Union Electric Steel Harmon Creek Steelworkers Location, employee participation in the qualified domestic defined benefit pension plan was frozen effective June 1, 2018. Benefit accruals were replaced with employer contributions to the defined contribution plan equaling a non-elective contribution of 3% of compensation and a matching contribution up to 4% of compensation. The plan freeze resulted in

~~a reduction of the liability of $1,726, using discount rates and other assumptions as of June 1, 2018, and a curtailment loss of $21.~~

~~Net periodic pension and other postretirement costs include the following components:~~

The Corporation ~~has~~is party to a five-year Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of banks, ~~that~~which expires in May 2021. The Credit Agreement provides for initial borrowings not to exceed $100,000, with an option to increase the credit facility by an additional $50,000 at the request of the Corporation and with the approval of the banks. The Credit Agreement includes sublimits for letters of credit not to exceed $40,000 and European borrowings not to exceed ~~$15,000, and~~$15,000. Prior to the sale of ASW, the Credit Agreement also provided for a sublimit for Canadian borrowings not to exceed $15,000. In conjunction with the sale of ASW, the Canadian sublimit was eliminated.

In 2018, the banks provided their consent to a sale and leaseback financing transaction, whereby Union Electric Steel Corporation (“UES”) sold certain of its real estate assets to Store Capital Acquisitions, LLC. In connection with providing the consent, the Credit Agreement was amended to increase the interest rate margin by one-half percent per annum for any borrowings, add certain additional reporting requirements regarding beneficial ownership of the Corporation, and update certain schedules to the Credit Agreement. All other material terms, conditions, and covenants with respect to the Credit Agreement remain unchanged.

Availability under the Credit Agreement is based on eligible accounts receivable, inventory and fixed assets. ~~As amended, amounts~~Amounts outstanding under the credit facility bear interest, at the Corporation’s option, at either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.75% to 2.25% based on the quarterly average excess availability or (ii) the base rate plus an applicable margin ranging between 0.75% to 1.25% based on the quarterly average excess availability. Additionally, the Corporation is required to pay a commitment fee ranging between 0.25% and 0.375% based on the daily unused portion of the credit facility. As of September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Corporation had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement of ~~$13,803~~$38,444 (including ~~£1,000~~£3,000 of European borrowings for ~~its U.K. subsidiary)~~UES-UK). The average interest rate for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, was approximately ~~2.77%~~4%. Additionally, the Corporation had utilized a portion of the credit facility for letters of credit (Note 8)9). As of September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, remaining availability under the Credit Agreement approximated ~~$45,000,~~$21,000, net of anstandard availability reserve associated with proceeds from a sale and leaseback financing transaction. The availability from this reserve will be used toward the settlement of the promissory notes and interest due in March 2019.reserves.

Borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement are collateralized by a first priority perfected security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries (other than real property). Additionally, the Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and limitations, including, but not limited to, investments in certain of its subsidiaries, payment of dividends, incurrence of additional indebtedness, upstream distributions from subsidiaries, and acquisitions and divestures. The Corporation must also maintain a certain level of excess availability. If excess availability falls below the established threshold, or in an event of default, the Corporation will be required to maintain a minimum fixed

charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.00 to 1.00. The Corporation was in compliance with the applicable bank covenants as of September 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

In September 2018, UES completed a sale and leaseback financing transaction for certain of its real property, including its manufacturing facilities in Valparaiso, Indiana and Burgettstown, Pennsylvania, and its manufacturing facility and corporate headquarters located in Carnegie, Pennsylvania (the “Properties”). Simultaneously with the sale, UES entered into a lease agreement pursuant to which UES ~~would lease~~leased the Properties from the buyer. The lease provides for an initial term of 20 years; however, UES may extend the lease for four successive periods of approximately five years each. If fully extended, the lease would expire in September 2058. UES also has the option to repurchase the Properties, which it may exercise in 2025, for a price equal to the greater of (i) their Fair Market Value, ofor (ii) 115% of Lessor’s Total Investment for the Facilities, with such terms defined in the lease agreement. The effective interest rate approximated 6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

In connection with a March 2016 acquisition, the Corporation issued two three-year promissory notes. Principal and ~~leaseback financing transaction does not qualify for sale~~accrued interest of $26,474, in the aggregate, were paid on March 4, 2019.

8. Pension and ~~leaseback accounting due to UES’ ability to repurchase the Properties~~Other Postretirement Benefits

In September 2019, in ~~2025. Accordingly, the net asset value of the Properties is not removed and a gain or loss on~~connection with the sale of the ~~Properties is not recognized. Instead, proceeds are~~Avonmore Plant and the cessation of all manufacturing operations at ANR, the Corporation recognized asspecial termination benefits expense of $3,694 and a ~~debt obligation on~~curtailment loss of $1,641 associated with shutdown benefits provided by the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheet.~~provisions of the defined benefit plan document and negotiated benefits. Additionally, for the other postretirement benefit plan, the Corporation recognized a curtailment gain of $7,639 resulting principally from the accelerated amortization of prior service credits. The plant closure also triggered the remeasurement of plan liabilities, increasing the liability for employee benefit obligations by $2,196 for the defined benefit plan and $524 for the other postretirement benefit plan.

~~Gross proceeds equaled $19,000. The initial annual payment approximates $1,644, due monthly~~Earlier in ~~advance, which is included~~2019, the Corporation amended retiree health benefits for one of its other postretirement benefit plans to a stipend and reimbursement plan. Changes to retiree health benefits resulted in ~~debt – current portion on~~a remeasurement of the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheet. Annual payments will increase each anniversary date~~liability, reducing the liability by ~~an amount equal~~$4,632, and a curtailment gain of $15.

In 2018, in connection with the ratification of the collective bargaining agreement for employees of the United Steelworkers Local 14034-49 (Harmon Creek Plant), employee participation in the qualified domestic defined benefit pension plan was frozen effective June 1, 2018. Benefit accruals were replaced with employer contributions to the ~~lesser~~defined contribution plan equaling a non-elective contribution of ~~2% or 1.25%~~3% of ~~the change~~compensation and a matching contribution up to 4% of compensation. The plan freeze resulted in ~~the consumer price index,~~a curtailment loss of $21.

Contributions were as ~~defined in the lease agreement. Deferred financing fees of approximately $477 were incurred, which are recognized as a reduction of the financing obligation, and are being amortized over seven years.~~

~~Outstanding borrowings of the Corporation as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, consisted of the following:~~

12Net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs include the following components:

Outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit as of September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, approximated ~~$21,354,~~$20,260, the majority of which serves as collateral for the IRB debt. ~~In addition, the Corporation issued two~~Outstanding surety bonds ~~approximating~~as of September 30, 2019, approximated $4,000 (SEK 33,900) towhich guarantee certain obligations under a credit insurance arrangement for certain of ~~its~~the Corporation’s foreign pension commitments.

See Note 911 for derivative instruments, Note 1615 for litigation and Note 1716 for environmental matters.

Certain of the Corporation’s operations are subject to risk from exchange rate fluctuations in connection with sales in foreign currencies. To minimize this risk, foreign currency sales contracts are entered into which are designated as cash flow or fair value hedges. As of September 30, 2018, approximately $34,130 of anticipated foreign-denominated sales has been hedged which are covered by fair value contracts settling at various dates through January 2020.

Additionally, certain of the divisions of the Air and Liquid Processing segment are subject to risk from increases in the price of commodities (copper and aluminum) used in the production of inventory. To minimize this risk, futures contracts are entered into which are designated as cash flow hedges. At September 30, 2018, approximately 51% or $2,682 of anticipated copper purchases over the next 10 months and 56% or $540 of anticipated aluminum purchases over the next six months are hedged.

The Corporation previously entered into foreign currency purchase contracts to manage the volatility associated with Euro-denominated progress payments to be made for certain machinery and equipment. As of December 31, 2010, all contracts had been settled and the underlying fixed assets were placed in service.

No portion of the existing cash flow or fair value hedges is considered to be ineffective, including any ineffectiveness arising from the unlikelihood of an anticipated transaction to occur. Additionally, no amounts have been excluded from assessing the effectiveness of a hedge.

As of September 30, 2018, the Corporation has purchase commitments covering 47% or $235 of anticipated natural gas usage for the remainder of 2018 for one of its subsidiaries. The commitments qualify as normal purchases and, accordingly, are not reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Purchases of natural gas under previously existing commitments approximated $233 and $1,051, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were no purchases of natural gas under previously existing commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

~~The Corporation does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, holds no derivative instruments for trading purposes.~~

(Losses) gains on foreign exchange transactions included in other income (expense) approximated $(5) and $87 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and $(1,707) and $(616) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

~~The location and fair value of the foreign currency sales contracts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:~~

The change in the fair value of the cash flow contracts is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The balances as of September 30, 2018, and 2017, and the amount recognized as and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for each of the periods is summarized below. Amounts recognized as comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss have no tax effect due to deferred income tax assets being fully valued in the related jurisdictions.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Beginning of
the Period

Plus
Recognized as
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Less
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
End of
the Period

Foreign currency purchase contracts

$
230

$
0

$
7

$
223

Futures contracts – copper and aluminum

(113
)

(198
)

(53
)

(258
)

$
117

$
(198
)

$
(46
)

$
(35
)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Foreign currency purchase contracts

$
203

$
0

$
11

$
192

Futures contracts – copper and aluminum

265

217

139

343

$
468

$
217

$
150

$
535

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Foreign currency purchase contracts

$
239

$
0

$
16

$
223

Futures contracts – copper and aluminum

500

(519
)

239

(258
)

$
739

$
(519
)

$
255

$
(35
)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Foreign currency purchase contracts

$
216

$
0

$
24

$
192

Futures contracts – copper and aluminum

335

456

448

343

$
551

$
456

$
472

$
535

~~The change in fair value reclassified or expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings is summarized below. All amounts are pre-tax.~~

Net change and ending balances for the various components of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, ~~and 2017, is~~are summarized below. All amounts are net of tax, where applicable.

Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments

Unrecognized
Employee
Benefit Costs

Unrealized
Holding
Gains
on Marketable
Securities

Cash Flow
Hedges

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

Balance at January 1, 2018, as originally presented

$
(11,932
)

$
(34,196
)

$
632

$
739

$
(44,757
)
Cumulative effect of ASU 2016-01

0

0

(632
)

0

(632
)
Balance at January 1, 2018, adjusted

(11,932
)

(34,196
)

0

739

(45,389
)
Net Change

(4,801
)

569

0

(774
)

(5,006
)
Balance at September 30, 2018

$
(16,733
)

$
(33,627
)

$
0

$
(35
)

$
(50,395
)

Balance at January 1, 2017

$
(22,973
)

$
(38,636
)

$
59

$
551

$
(60,999
)
Net Change

10,704

688

398

(16
)

11,774

Balance at September 30, 2017

$
(12,269
)

$
(37,948
)

$
457

$
535

$
(49,225
)

	Foreign Currency Translation			Unrecognized Employee Benefit Costs			Cash Flow Hedges			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Noncontrolling Interest			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Ampco-Pittsburgh
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	(18,642	)	$	(30,902	)	$	(64	)	$	(49,608	)	$	(174	)	$	(49,434	)
Net Change		(4,893	)		(5,137	)		89			(9,941	)		(248	)		(9,693	)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	(23,535	)	$	(36,039	)	$	25		$	(59,549	)	$	(422	)	$	(59,127	)

Balance at January 1, 2018	$	(11,932	)	$	(34,196	)	$	739		$	(45,389	)	$	3		$	(45,392	)
Net Change		(4,801	)		569			(774	)		(5,006	)		(177	)		(4,829	)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(16,733	)	$	(33,627	)	$	(35	)	$	(50,395	)	$	(174	)	$	(50,221	)

The following summarizes the line items affected on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for components reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts in parentheses represent credits to net income (loss). There was no income tax benefit or expense associated with the various components of other comprehensive income (loss) for any of the periods, due to the Corporation having a valuation allowance recorded against its deferred income tax assets for the jurisdiction where the expense is recognized. Foreign currency translation adjustments exclude the effect of income taxes since earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time. ~~On January 1, 2018, ASU 2016-01 became effective,~~

Certain of the Corporation’s operations are subject to risk from exchange rate fluctuations in connection with sales in foreign currencies. To minimize this risk, foreign currency sales contracts are entered into which ~~requires entities to record changes in~~are designated as cash flow or fair value hedges. As of September 30, 2019, approximately $28,825 of anticipated foreign-denominated sales has been hedged which amount is covered by fair value contracts settling at various dates through April 2021.

Additionally, certain divisions of the Air and Liquid Processing segment are subject to risk from increases in the price of commodities (copper and aluminum) used in the production of inventory. To minimize this risk, futures contracts are entered into which are designated as cash flow hedges. At September 30, 2019, approximately 49% or $2,321 of anticipated copper purchases over the next 10 months and 56% or $449 of anticipated aluminum purchases over the next six months are hedged.

The Corporation previously entered into foreign currency purchase contracts to manage the volatility associated with Euro-denominated progress payments to be made for certain ~~investments~~machinery and equipment. As of December 31, 2010, all contracts had been settled and the underlying fixed assets were placed in ~~equity securities through net income (loss) versus other comprehensive income (loss). Accordingly,~~service.

As of September 30, 2019, the Corporation has purchase commitments covering approximately 75% or $1,704 of anticipated natural gas usage for ~~changes~~2019 and 2020 for one of its subsidiaries. The commitments qualify as normal purchases and, accordingly, are not reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Purchases of natural gas under previously existing commitments approximated $346 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and $233 and $1,051 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

The Corporation does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, holds no derivative instruments for trading purposes.

Losses on foreign exchange transactions included in other income (expense) approximated $(1,269) and $(398) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and $(1,999) and $(1,051) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

The location and fair value of the ~~Corporation’s marketable securities~~foreign currency sales contracts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

The change in the fair value of the cash flow contracts is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The balances as of September 30, 2019, and 2018, and the amount recognized as and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for each of the periods is summarized below. Amounts recognized as comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss have no tax effect due to deferred income tax assets being fully valued in the related jurisdictions.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	Beginning of the Period			Recognized			Reclassified			End of the Period
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	202		$	0		$	6		$	196
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		(96	)		(134	)		(59	)		(171	)
	$	106		$	(134	)	$	(53	)	$	25
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	230		$	0		$	7		$	223
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		(113	)		(198	)		(53	)		(258	)
	$	117		$	(198	)	$	(46	)	$	(35	)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	216		$	0		$	20		$	196
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		(280	)		(87	)		(196	)		(171	)
	$	(64	)	$	(87	)	$	(176	)	$	25
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	239		$	0		$	16		$	223
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		500			(519	)		239			(258	)
	$	739		$	(519	)	$	255		$	(35	)

The change in fair value reclassified or expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to ~~net loss~~earnings is summarized below. All amounts are pre-tax.

The Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, were as follows:

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
As of September 30, 2019
Investments
Other noncurrent assets	$	3,991	$	0	$	0	$	3,991
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other current assets		0		782		0		782
Other noncurrent assets		0		578		0		578
Other current liabilities		0		1,103		0		1,103
Other noncurrent liabilities		0		434		0		434
As of December 31, 2018
Investments
Other noncurrent assets	$	3,659	$	0	$	0	$	3,659
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other current assets		0		1,011		0		1,011
Other noncurrent assets		0		105		0		105
Other current liabilities		0		962		0		962
Other noncurrent liabilities		0		70		0		70

The investments held as other noncurrent assets represent assets held in a “Rabbi” trust for the purpose of providing benefits under a non-qualified defined benefit pension plan. The fair value of the investments is based on quoted prices of the investments in active markets. The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined based on the fair value of similar contracts with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value of futures contracts is based on market quotations. The fair value of the variable-rate IRB debt and borrowings under the Credit Agreement approximate their carrying value. Additionally, the fair value of trade receivables and trade payables approximates their carrying value.

Net sales and (loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes by geographic area for the three orand nine months ended September 30, ~~2018. For~~2019, and 2018, are as outlined below. When disaggregating revenue, consideration is given to information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to evaluate the financial performance of the operating segments and make resource allocation decisions.

Substantially all of the foreign net sales for each of the periods are attributable to the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment. Net sales by product line for the three orand nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Corporation reclassified an insignificant amount of realized gains from the sale of marketable securities to the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Prior year amounts for the amortization of unrecognized employee benefit costs have been adjusted to include the effects of ASU 2017-07, which became effective on January 1, 2018.

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2018

2017

2018

2017

Amortization of unrecognized employee benefit costs:

Other income

$
(42
)

$
945

$
152

$
2,461

Income tax provision

0

0

0

0

Net of tax

$
(42
)

$
945

$
152

$
2,461

Realized gains/losses from settlement of cash flow hedges:

Depreciation and amortization (foreign currency
   purchase contracts)

$
(7
)

$
(11
)

$
(16
)

$
(24
)
Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation and
   amortization) (futures contracts – copper and
   aluminum)

53

(139
)

(239
)

(448
)
Total before income tax

46

(150
)

(255
)

(472
)
Income tax provision

0

0

0

0

Net of tax

$
46

$
(150
)

$
(255
)

$
(472
)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Forged and cast mill rolls	$	63,743	$	64,983	$	214,075	$	207,398
Forged engineered products		3,709		9,715		17,224		46,476
Heat exchange coils		6,586		7,132		20,397		20,858
Centrifugal pumps		9,202		9,790		27,272		27,554
Air handling systems		7,632		7,204		21,917		21,324
	$	90,872	$	98,824	$	300,885	$	323,610

The Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) authorizes the issuance of up to 1,100,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock for awards under the Incentive Plan. Awards under the Incentive Plan may include incentive non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares and restricted stock units, performance awards, other stock-based awards or short-term cash incentive awards. If any award is canceled, terminates, expires or lapses for any reason prior to the issuance of shares, or if shares are issued under the Incentive Plan and thereafter are forfeited to the Corporation, the shares subject to such awards and the forfeited shares will not count against the aggregate number of shares available under the Incentive Plan. Shares tendered or withheld to pay the option exercise price or tax withholding will continue to count against the aggregate number of shares of common stock available for grant under the Incentive Plan. Any shares

repurchased by the Corporation with cash proceeds from the exercise of options will not be added back to the pool of shares available for grant under the Incentive Plan.

The Incentive Plan may be administered by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee has the authority to determine, within the limits of the express provisions of the Incentive Plan, the individuals to whom the awards will be granted and the nature, amount and terms of such awards.

The Incentive Plan also provides for equity-based awards during any one year to non-employee members of the Board of Directors, based on the grant date fair value, not to exceed $200. The limit does not apply to shares received by a non-employee director at his or her election in lieu of all or a portion of the director’s retainer for board service. ~~In May 2018, 72,170 shares of the Corporation’s common stock were granted to the non-employee directors.~~

Stock-based compensation expense, including expense associated with equity-based awards granted to non-employee members of the Board of Directors, for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, equaled $421 and ~~2017, equaled~~ $146, and ~~$644, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense~~ for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, equaled $965 and ~~2017, equaled~~ $1,258, ~~and $1,980,~~ respectively. There was no income tax benefit for any of the periods due to the Corporation having a valuation allowance recorded against its deferred income tax assets for the jurisdiction where the expense is recognized.

~~The Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, were as follows:~~

Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Inputs
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

Total

As of September 30, 2018

Investments

Other noncurrent assets

$
4,171

$
0

$
0

$
4,171

Foreign currency exchange contracts

Other current assets

0

846

0

846

Other noncurrent assets

0

217

0

217

Other current liabilities

0

798

0

798

Other noncurrent liabilities

0

55

0

55

As of December 31, 2017

Investments

Other noncurrent assets

$
4,204

$
0

$
0

$
4,204

Foreign currency exchange contracts

Other current assets

0

1,130

0

1,130

Other noncurrent assets

0

16

0

16

Other current liabilities

0

996

0

996

Other noncurrent liabilities

0

1

0

1

The investments held as other noncurrent assets represent assets held in a “Rabbi” trust for the purpose of providing benefits under a non-qualified defined benefit pension plan. The fair value of the investments is based on quoted prices of the investments in active markets. The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined based on the fair value of similar contracts with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value of futures contracts is based on market quotations. The fair value of the variable-rate IRB debt and borrowings under the Credit Agreement approximate their carrying value. The fair value of the promissory notes, due in early 2019, approximates their carrying value. Additionally, the fair value of trade receivables and trade payables approximates their carrying value.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform”), which became effective as of January 1, 2018. The Tax Reform lowered the U.S. corporate statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21%, implemented a modified territorial tax system and imposed a one-time tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, which the Corporation recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017. Initially, no cash outlay due to the Tax Reform was expected as the Corporation had generated sufficient net operating losses in 2017. However, in 2018, the Internal Revenue Service issued additional guidance allowing the taxpayer to elect to exclude the deemed repatriated earnings from the

computation of net operating losses generated in tax year 2017. The Corporation will avail itself of the election and, as a result, the Corporation will be able to utilize a larger net operating loss carryback, increasing the amount of income tax refund available to it. The Corporation will remain liable for the one-time tax on the Corporation’s deemed repatriated earnings, which it plans to pay over a period of eight years, as prescribed in the statute.

In response to the Tax Reform, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) was issued in 2018 to address the application of US GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Reform. As of December 31, 2017, in accordance with SAB 118, the Corporation had made a reasonable estimate of the: (i) one-time repatriation transition tax; (ii) increased bonus depreciation for assets placed in service on or after September 27, 2017; and (iii) effects on the Corporation’s existing deferred tax balances, but had not completed its full accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Reform. The Corporation anticipates U.S. regulatory agencies may issue further regulations, which may alter this estimate. Accordingly, the Corporation will continue to analyze the Tax Reform and refine its provisional amounts, which could potentially impact the measurement of its tax balances. Any such revisions will be treated in accordance with the measurement period guidance outlined in SAB 118. Additionally, the Corporation is continuing to analyze its earnings and profits in foreign jurisdictions and its deferred tax balances.

In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Reform. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The guidance indicates that either accounting for deferred taxes related to GILTI inclusions or to treating any taxes on GILTI inclusions as period cost are both acceptable methods, subject to an accounting policy election. The Corporation is still evaluating the GILTI provisions and has not yet elected an accounting policy for GILTI.

The final determination of the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Reform will be completed within the measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date as permitted by SAB 118. Any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period will be recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment is determined.

Presented below are the net sales and (loss) income before income taxes for the Corporation’s two business segments. Other expense, including corporate costs, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, includes higher pension and other postretirement benefit income of approximately $1,300 and $3,600, respectively, when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, other expense, including corporate costs, includes the impact of a favorable contractual settlement with a third party of approximately $2,425. Prior year amounts have been adjusted to include the effects of ASU 2017-07, which became effective on January 1, 2018.

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment produces steel rolls for rolling mills (“mill rolls”) and ingot, billet and open-die forged products (“forged engineered products”), principally for the oil and gas industry. The Air and Liquid Processing segment produces custom-engineered finned tube heat exchange coils and related heat transfer products, large custom-designed air handling systems and centrifugal pumps. The Corporation’s contracts with customers can be a purchase order from the customer, combined with an order acknowledgment from the Corporation, a longer-term supply agreement between the buyer and the Corporation, or a similar arrangement deemed to be normal and customary business practice for that particular customer or class of customer (collectively, a sales agreement). Sales agreements typically include a single performance obligation for the manufacturing of product which is satisfied upon transfer of control of the product to the customer.

Transfer of control is assessed based on alternative use of the product manufactured and, under the terms of the sales agreement, an enforceable right to payment for performance to date. Transfer of control, and therefore revenue recognition, occurs when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer. Typically, this occurs when the product is shipped to the customer (i.e., FOB shipping point), delivered to the customer (i.e., FOB destination), or, for foreign sales, in accordance with trading guidelines known as Incoterms. Incoterms are standard trade definitions used in international contracts and are developed, maintained and promoted by the ICC Commission on Commercial Law and Practice. Shipping terms vary across the businesses and typically depend on the product, country of origin and type of transportation (truck or vessel).

The sales price required to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable from the sales agreement. It is not subject to refund or adjustment, except for a variable-index surcharge provision which is known at the time of shipment and increases or decreases, as applicable, the selling price of a mill roll for corresponding changes in the published index cost of certain raw materials. The variable-index surcharge is recognized as revenue when the corresponding revenue for the inventory is recognized.

Likelihood of collectability is assessed prior to acceptance of an order. In certain circumstances, the Corporation may require a deposit from the customer, a letter of credit, or another form of assurance for payment. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained based on historical experience. Payment terms are standard to the industry and generally require payment 30 days after title transfers to the customer.

There are no customer-acceptance provisions other than customer inspection and testing prior to shipment. Post-shipment obligations are insignificant. The Corporation provides assurance type warranties. A warranty that goes beyond ensuring basic functionality is considered a service type warranty, which the Corporation does not provide. Assurance type warranties are not accounted for as separate performance obligations under Topic 606.

~~In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, as of January 1, 2018, the Corporation elected the following practical expedients:~~

Net sales and (loss) income before income taxes and equity income in joint venture by geographic area for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, were as outlined below. When disaggregating revenue, consideration was given to information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to evaluate the financial performance of the operating segments and make resource allocation decisions.

Substantially all of the foreign net sales for each of the periods are attributable to the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment. Net sales by product line for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, were as follows:

The Corporation and its subsidiaries are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to their businesses and are also subject to asbestos litigation as described below. In February 2017, the Corporation, its indirect subsidiary Akers National Roll Company, as well as the Akers National Roll Company Health & Welfare Benefits Plan were named as defendants in a class action complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, where the plaintiffs (currently retired former employees of Akers National Roll Company and the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial, and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO) alleged that the defendants breached collective bargaining agreements and violated the benefit plan by modifying medical benefits of the plaintiffs and similarly situated retirees. The defendants moved to dismiss the case, and plaintiffs petitioned the court to compel arbitration. On June 13, 2017, the District Court compelled arbitration and denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss as moot. Defendants appealed this decision to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals on June 21, 2017. The Third Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court’s decision to compel arbitration on August 29, 2018. ~~The plaintiffs filed a petition for a rehearing, which was denied. The parties will proceed to~~Rather than litigating the merits of the case at the United States District Court for the Western District of ~~Pennsylvania. While no assurance can be given as to~~Pennsylvania, the ~~ultimate outcome of this matter,~~plaintiffs reached a settlement agreement in principle with the Corporation, ~~believes that~~which was approved by the court on July 22, 2019. As expected, the final resolution of this ~~action will~~settlement agreement did not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, liquidity or capital resources.

Claims have been asserted alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products manufactured by predecessors of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (“Asbestos Liability”). Air & Liquid Systems

Corporation (“Air & Liquid”), and in some cases the Corporation, are defendants (among a number of ~~defendants, often in excess of 50)~~defendants) in cases filed in various state and federal courts.

The following table reflects approximate information about the claims for Asbestos Liability against ~~the subsidiaries~~Air & Liquid and the Corporation for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and ~~2017~~2018 (claims not in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
Total claims pending at the beginning of the period		6,907			6,618			6,772			6,907
New claims served		970			1,037			1,014			970
Claims dismissed		(1,030	)		(627	)		(803	)		(1,030	)
Claims settled		(304	)		(283	)		(282	)		(304	)
Total claims pending at the end of the period ⁽¹⁾		6,543			6,745			6,701			6,543
Gross settlement and defense costs (in 000’s)	$	18,530		$	16,518		$	14,969		$	18,530
Avg. gross settlement and defense costs per claim resolved (in 000’s)	$	13.89		$	18.15		$	13.80		$	13.89

A substantial majority of the settlement and defense costs reflected in the above table was reported and paid by insurers. Because claims are often filed and can be settled or dismissed in large groups, the amount and timing of settlements, as well as the number of open claims, can fluctuate significantly from period to period.

The Corporation and Air & Liquid are parties to a series of settlement agreements (“Settlement Agreements”) with insurers that have coverage obligations for Asbestos Liability (the “Settling Insurers”). Under the Settlement Agreements, the Settling Insurers accept financial responsibility, subject to the terms and conditions of the respective agreements, including overall coverage limits, for pending and future claims for Asbestos Liability. The Settlement Agreements encompass the substantial majority of insurance policies that provide coverage for claims for Asbestos Liability.

The Settlement Agreements include acknowledgements that Howden North America, Inc. (“Howden”) is entitled to coverage under policies covering Asbestos Liability for claims arising out of the historical products manufactured or distributed by Buffalo Forge, a former subsidiary of the Corporation (the “Products”)., which was acquired by Howden. The Settlement Agreements do not provide for any prioritization on access to the applicable policies or any sublimits of liability as to Howden or the Corporation and Air & Liquid, and, accordingly, Howden may access the coverage afforded by the Settling Insurers for any covered claim arising out of a Product. In general, access by Howden to the coverage afforded by the Settling Insurers for the Products will erode coverage under the Settlement Agreements available to the Corporation and Air & Liquid for Asbestos Liability.

In 2006, the Corporation retained Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Associates, Inc. (“HR&A”), a nationally recognized expert in the valuation of asbestos liabilities, to assist the Corporation in estimating the potential liability for pending and unasserted future claims for Asbestos Liability. Based on this analysis, the Corporation recorded a reserve for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2013 as of December 31, 2006. HR&A’s analysis has been periodically updated since that time. ~~Most recently,~~In 2018, the ~~HR&A analysis was updated in 2016,~~Corporation engaged Nathan Associates Inc. (“Nathan”) to update the liability valuation, and additional reserves were established by the Corporation as of December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through ~~2026.~~2052. The methodology used by ~~HR&A~~Nathan in its projection in ~~2016~~2018 of the operating subsidiaries’ liability for pending and unasserted potential future claims for Asbestos Liability, which is substantially the same as the methodology employed by HR&A in prior estimates, relied upon and included the following factors:

Using this information, ~~HR&A~~Nathan estimated in ~~2016~~2018 the number of future claims for Asbestos Liability that would be filed through the year ~~2026,~~2052, as well as the settlement or indemnity costs that would be incurred to resolve both pending and future unasserted claims through ~~2026.~~2052. This methodology has been accepted by numerous courts.

In conjunction with developing the aggregate liability estimate referenced above, the Corporation also developed an estimate of probable insurance recoveries for its Asbestos ~~Liabilities.~~Liability. In developing the estimate, the Corporation considered ~~HR&A’s~~Nathan’s projection for settlement or indemnity costs for Asbestos Liability and management’s projection of associated defense costs (based on the current defense to indemnity cost ratio), as well as a number of additional factors. These additional factors included the Settlement Agreements ~~then~~ in effect, policy exclusions, policy limits, policy provisions regarding coverage for defense costs, attachment points, prior impairment of policies and gaps in the coverage, policy exhaustions, insolvencies among certain of the insurance carriers, and the nature of the underlying claims for Asbestos Liability asserted against the subsidiaries and the Corporation as reflected in the Corporation’s asbestos claims database, as well as estimated erosion of insurance limits on account of claims against Howden arising out of the Products. In addition to consulting with the Corporation’s outside legal counsel on these insurance matters, the Corporation consulted with a nationally recognized insurance consulting firm it retained to assist the Corporation with certain policy allocation matters that also are among the several factors considered by the Corporation when analyzing potential recoveries from relevant historical insurance for Asbestos ~~Liabilities.~~Liability. Based upon all of the factors considered by the Corporation, and taking into account the Corporation’s analysis of publicly available information regarding the credit-worthiness of various

insurers, the Corporation estimated the probable insurance recoveries for Asbestos Liability and defense costs through 2052.

With the assistance of Nathan, the Corporation extended its estimate of the Asbestos Liability, including the costs of settlement and defense costs relating to currently pending claims and future claims projected to be filed against the Corporation through the estimated final date by which the Corporation expects to have settled all asbestos-related claims in 2052. The Corporation’s previous estimate was for asbestos claims filed or projected to be filed against the Corporation through 2026. ~~Although~~Our ability to reasonably estimate this liability through the expected final date of settlement for all asbestos-related claims of this litigation instead of a ten-year period was based on several factors:

Taking these factors into consideration, the Corporation believes ~~that the assumptions employed~~there is greater predictability of outcomes from settlements, a reduction in the ~~insurance valuation were reasonable~~volatility of defense costs, and ~~previously consulted with its outside legal counsel~~it has gained substantial experience as an asbestos defendant. As a result, the Corporation believes the uncertainty in estimating the Asbestos Liability beyond 10 years has been reduced and ~~insurance consultant regarding those assumptions, there are other assumptions that could~~it now has sufficient information to estimate the Asbestos Liability through 2052, the estimated final date by which the Corporation expects to have ~~been employed that would have resulted in materially lower insurance recovery projections.~~settled all asbestos-related claims.

~~Based on the analyses described above, the~~The Corporation’s reserve at December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, for the total costs, including defense costs, for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through ~~2026,~~2052, was ~~$171,181 of which approximately 70% was attributable to settlement costs for unasserted claims projected to be filed through 2026 and future defense costs.~~$227,922. The reserve at September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, was ~~$131,220. It is reasonably possible that the Corporation will incur additional charges for Asbestos Liability and defense~~$212,953. Defense costs ~~in excess~~are estimated at 80% of ~~the amounts currently reserved.~~

settlement costs. The Corporation’s receivable at December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, for insurance recoveries attributable to the claims for which the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability reserve has been established, including the portion of incurred defense costs covered by the Settlement Agreements in effect through December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, and the probable payments and reimbursements relating to the estimated indemnity and defense costs for pending and unasserted future Asbestos Liability claims, was ~~$115,945~~$152,508 ($~~87,331~~141,032 at September 30, ~~2018)~~2019).

The following table summarizes activity relating to insurance ~~recoveries.~~recoveries for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018.

The insurance receivable recorded by the Corporation does not assume any recovery from insolvent carriers and a substantial majority of the insurance recoveries deemed probable is from insurance companies rated A – (excellent) or better by A.M. Best Corporation. There can be no assurance, however, that there will not be further insolvencies among the relevant insurance carriers, or that the assumed percentage recoveries for certain carriers will prove correct. The difference between insurance recoveries and projected costs is not due to exhaustion of all insurance coverage for Asbestos Liability. The Corporation and the subsidiaries have substantial additional insurance coverage which the Corporation expects to be available for Asbestos Liability claims and defense costs that the subsidiaries and it may incur after 2026. However, this insurance coverage also can be expected to have gaps creating significant shortfalls of insurance recoveries against claims expense, which could be material in future years.

The amounts recorded by the Corporation for Asbestos ~~Liabilities~~Liability and insurance ~~receivables~~receivable rely on assumptions that are based on currently known facts and strategy. The Corporation’s actual expenses or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the Corporation’s or ~~HR&A’s~~Nathan’s calculations vary significantly from actual results. Key variables in these assumptions are identified above and include the number and type of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of each such new claim, average annual defense costs, compliance by relevant parties with the terms of the Settlement Agreements, ~~the resolution of remaining coverage issues with insurance carriers,~~ and the solvency risk with respect to the relevant insurance carriers. Other factors that may affect the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability and ability to recover under its insurance policies include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms that may be made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation.

The Corporation intends to evaluate its estimated Asbestos Liability and related insurance ~~receivables~~receivable as well as the underlying assumptions on a regular basis to determine whether any adjustments to the estimates are ~~required, with the next valuation to be completed in the latter part of 2018.~~required. Due to the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and insurance, these regular reviews may result in the Corporation incurring future charges; however, the Corporation is currently unable to estimate such future charges. Adjustments, if any, to the Corporation’s estimate of its recorded Asbestos Liability and/or insurance ~~receivables~~receivable could be material to operating results for the periods in which the adjustments to the liability or receivable are recorded, and to the Corporation’s liquidity and consolidated financial position.

The Corporation is currently performing certain remedial actions in connection with the sale of real estate previously owned and periodically incurs costs to maintain compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Environmental exposures are difficult to assess and estimate for numerous reasons, including lack of reliable data, the multiplicity of possible solutions, the years of remedial and monitoring activity required, and identification of new sites. In the opinion of management, the potential liability for environmental compliance measures of approximately ~~$330~~$255 at September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, is considered adequate based on information known to date.

Presented below are the ~~Corporation sold certain~~ net ~~assets of~~sales and (loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes for the ~~Vertical Seal division of Akers National Roll Company, a subsidiary of~~Corporation’s two business segments. For the ~~Corporation, to Roser Technologies, Inc. and WIR II, LLC for approximately net book value. As part~~nine months ended September 30, 2019, the operating loss of the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment ~~Vertical Seal manufactured custom-designed parts~~includes bad debt expense of $1,366 for a British cast roll customer who filed for bankruptcy and ~~provided specialty services to rolling mill customers located throughout North America. The asset held for~~an impairment charge of $10,082 associated with the anticipated sale ~~criteria as set forth in ASC 360,~~ ~~Property,~~of the Avonmore Plant.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, other expense, including corporate costs, includes a net gain of $2,304 resulting from the curtailment of the defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans of ANR and special termination benefits associated with the sale of the Avonmore Plant and ~~Equipment, were met as~~the cessation of all manufacturing operations at ANR. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018; accordingly,~~2019, other expense, including corporate costs, includes a dividend received from one of the ~~assets and liabilities~~Corporation’s cast roll Chinese joint venture of ~~Vertical Seal have been presented separately as current assets held for sale and current liabilities held for sale~~approximately $1,400, compared to a dividend of approximately $400 received in the ~~accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The sale~~third quarter of ~~Vertical Seal does not qualify as~~2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, other expense, including corporate costs, includes a ~~discontinued operation as it does not represent~~favorable contractual settlement with a ~~strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on the Corporation’s operations and financial results.~~third party of approximately $2,425.

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on the Corporation’s behalf. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of the Form 10-Q, as well as the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, may include, but are not limited to, statements about operating performance, trends, events that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, statements about sales levels, divestitures, restructuring, the effect of any impairment charges, profitability and anticipated expenses and cash outflows. All statements in this document other than statements of historical fact are statements that are, or could be, deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Act and words such as “may,” “intend,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast” and other terms of similar meaning that indicate future events and trends are also generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, are not guarantees of future performance or expectations, and involve risks and uncertainties. For the Corporation, these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: cyclical demand for products and economic downturns; excess global capacity in the steel industry; increases in commodity prices or shortages of key production materials; a work stoppage or similar industrial action; currency fluctuations; inability of the Corporation to successfully restructure its operations; limitations in availability of capital to fund our strategic plan; and those discussed more fully elsewhere in this report and in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the Corporation, particularly in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in Part I of the Corporation’s latest annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and subsequent filings. The Corporation cannot guarantee any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. In addition, there may be events in the future that the Corporation may not be able to predict accurately or control which may cause actual results to differ materially from expectations expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we assume no obligation, and disclaim any obligation, to update forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, events or otherwise.

Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) manufacture and sell highly engineered, high-performance specialty metal products and customized equipment utilized by industry throughout the world. We operate in two business segments – the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment and the Air and Liquid Processing segment.

In October 2018, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a plan to sell ASW Steel Inc. (“ASW”). On September 30, 2019, the Corporation, Ampco UES Sub, Inc., an indirect subsidiary of the Corporation, and ASW entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Valbruna Canada Ltd., a company organized and existing under the laws of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada (the “Purchaser”). ASW was our specialty steel producer located in Ontario, Canada, which we acquired in November 2016. In connection with the decision to sell ASW, we recorded an after-tax charge of $15,000 in the fourth quarter of 2018, to write down the assets of ASW to their estimated fair value less costs to sell. The sale of ASW represents a strategic shift that will have a major favorable impact on our operations and financial results and, accordingly, has been accounted for as a discontinued operation in the accompanying financial statements. Losses, net of tax, for ASW equaled $3,398 and $3,443 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, and $9,031 and $5,221 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

While we will continue to service the open-die forged products market, we will not have a dedicated supply of required stainless steel through a back-end integration of ASW. Instead, in conjunction with the sale, Union Electric Steel (“UES”) entered into a long-term supply agreement with ASW for the supply of stainless steel ingots to UES. As a result of the sale, we no longer manufacture or supply primary stainless steels to customers in the non-roll opened and closed die forgings and rebar markets and have exited the Canadian market for these products.

Currently, the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment produces forged hardened steel rolls, ~~for rolling mills (“mill rolls”) as well as ingot, billet~~cast rolls, and open-die forged ~~products (“forged engineered products”). Mill rolls can be either forged mill rolls or cast mill rolls.~~products. Forged ~~mill~~hardened steel rolls are used mainly for ~~cold~~ rolling mills by producers of steel, aluminum and other metals. Cast ~~mill~~ rolls, which are produced in a variety of iron and steel qualities, are used ~~typically for~~mainly in hot and cold strip mills, medium/heavy section mills and plate mills. Forged engineered products are used in the oil and gas industry and the aluminum and plastic extrusion industries. The segment has operations in the United States, England, Sweden, Slovenia, ~~Canada~~ and an equity interest in three joint venture companies in China. Collectively, the segment primarily competes with European, Asian and North and South American companies in both domestic and foreign markets and distributes a significant portion of its products through sales offices located throughout the world.

~~The Forged~~In March 2019, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a plan to sell certain assets of Akers National Roll Company (“ANR”), an indirect subsidiary of UES, located in Avonmore, Pennsylvania (the “Avonmore Plant”). In connection with the anticipated sale, we recognized an impairment charge of $10,082, in the first quarter of 2019, to record the assets at their estimated net realizable value. In May 2019, ANR entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Avonmore Plant, including its real estate and ~~Cast Engineered Products segment had been operating~~

certain personal property, to an affiliate of WHEMCO, Inc. for $3,700. On September 30, 2019, following completion of customer orders in backlog, the transaction closed and all operations at ~~levels significantly below~~ANR ceased. Although the sale of the Avonmore Plant is expected to mitigate the excess capacity and ~~in April 2017, we temporarily idled a portion of one~~high operating costs of our cast roll ~~plants. With respect to~~operations, thereby having a positive impact on our operating results, the ~~roll market,~~sale of the Avonmore Plant is not considered a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations per the requirements of ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. Accordingly, the operating results and cash flows of ANR are included within continuing operations, versus discontinued operations, for the current year and prior year periods.

Roll market conditions in the United States and Europe have ~~improved~~softened as ~~protectionist acts~~slowdowns in the automotive and industrial markets have ~~financially strengthened our customer base.~~reduced steel demand and caused steel prices to fall. However, recent ~~tariffs imposed on~~indicators suggest that market demand has begun to stabilize, and steel ~~ingots from Canada continue~~prices have begun to adversely impact our Canadian operations and has impacted the cost structure of our forged engineered products. The Corporation, however, is continuing to seek relief through available government channels.improve. With respect to the oil and gas market, ~~while~~ demand ~~for product is typically correlated~~continues to be weak as operators in the ~~market price of oil and gas, which remains elevated, order intake has slowed~~Permian Basin have lost access to financing due to ~~inventory adjustments in the supply chain.~~lack of operational cash flow.

The Air and Liquid Processing segment includes Aerofin, Buffalo Air Handling and Buffalo Pumps, all divisions of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation, ~~(“Air & Liquid”),~~ a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation. Aerofin produces custom-engineered finned tube heat exchange coils and related heat transfer products for a variety of industries including OEM/commercial, nuclear power generation and industrial manufacturing. Buffalo Air Handling produces large custom-designed air handling systems for institutional (e.g., hospital, university), pharmaceutical and general industrial building markets. Buffalo Pumps manufactures centrifugal pumps for the ~~fossil-fuel~~fossil-fueled power generation, marine defense and industrial refrigeration industries. The segment has operations in Virginia and New York with headquarters in Carnegie, Pennsylvania. The segment distributes a significant portion of its products through a common independent group of sales offices located throughout the United States and Canada.

For ~~the Air and Liquid Processing segment,~~our heat exchanger business, although it is being adversely impacted by lower business activity in the industrial OEM market, it is benefiting from increased business activity in its commercial market. For the custom air handling business, demand remains steady while competitive pricing pressures continue. For our specialty centrifugal ~~pump industry~~pumps business, it has been negatively impacted by a decline in activity in the fossil-fueled power generation market, partially offset by increased activity in the marine defense market. For the heat exchanger business, there are early signs of growth in the OEM/industrial market. Additionally, demand for custom air handling systems remains steady although competitive pricing pressures continue. The focus for this segment is to grow revenues, increase margins, strengthen engineering and manufacturing capabilities, increase manufacturing productivity, and continue to improve the sales distribution network.

Consolidated Results offrom Continuing Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018

Net sales were ~~$112,216~~$90,872 and ~~$103,886,~~$98,824, and ~~$354,720~~$300,885 and ~~$317,952,~~$323,610, for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Backlog approximated ~~$355,924~~$335,119 at September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, versus ~~$326,379~~$343,079 as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, and ~~$331,639~~$354,225 at September 30, ~~2017.~~2018. A discussion of sales and backlog for our two segments is included below.

Costs of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of net sales was comparable for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018. For the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment, costs of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of net sales improved by approximately 100 basis points benefitting principally from higher pricing for mill rolls and improved efficiencies for the domestic forged operations offset by weaker pricing for forged engineered products (“FEP”). For the Air & Liquid Processing segment, costs of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of net sales increased for each of the periods principally due to changes in product mix.

Selling and administrative expenses decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, when compared to the same periods of the prior year. The decrease is principally due to the net of:

The ~~increase is primarily due to unabsorbed costs~~expected reduction for ~~our Canadian operations which is being adversely affected~~the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was minimized by ~~tariffs, loss~~recognition of bad debt expense of $1,366 for a ~~key~~British cast roll customer ~~due to a plant closure, and lower margins due to product mix. While our other forged and cast operations are being impacted by lower production levels, a higher volume~~who filed for bankruptcy during the second quarter of ~~shipments and improved pricing helped to offset the impact.~~2019 (the “Bad Debt Expense”).

~~Selling~~Depreciation and ~~administrative expenses~~amortization ~~were comparable~~decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, when compared to the same periods of the prior year. The decrease is principally due to lower depreciation expense following the sale of the Vertical Seal division of ANR, and ~~2017. The current year-to-date period benefitted from lower employee-related costs, research and development expense and corporate-related costs offset by higher commissions associated~~the cessation of depreciation at Avonmore beginning in the second quarter of 2019 in connection with the ~~higher level~~write down of ~~sales. By comparison,~~certain assets to their estimated net realizable value.

Impairment charge represents the ~~prior year-to-date period included proceeds from~~write down of the ~~recovery~~Avonmore Plant to its estimated net realizable value (the “Impairment Charge”) in the first quarter of ~~a portion of a trade receivable associated with a customer in bankruptcy.~~2019.

Loss from continuing operations approximated $1,340 and $2,847 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, and ~~2017, approximated $6,685~~$13,952 and ~~$3,239, and $9,414 and $8,003~~$4,813 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The current year-to-date period includes the Bad Debt Expense, the Impairment Charge, and ~~2017, respectively.~~professional fees associated with our overall corporate restructuring plan and employee severance costs due to reductions in force of $1,653 (the “Restructuring-Related Costs”). A discussion of operating results for our two segments is included below.

Forged and Cast Engineered Products. Sales for the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2018, increased 7.8%~~2019, decreased when compared to the same periods of the prior year. The reduction is principally due to lower sales of FEP of $6,006 and ~~13.2%,~~$29,252 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Sales of FEP were adversely impacted by a lower volume of shipments and weaker pricing due to the fall-off in demand, particularly for the oil and gas industry. Lower weighted average exchange rates used to translate the net sales of our foreign subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar reduced net sales by approximately $2,200 and $9,700 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The current year periods benefited from higher sales of mill rolls and forged engineered products. While sales of frac blocs declined for each of the periods, primarily due to excess inventory in the supply chain, and certain export product from our Canadian operations was negatively impacted by tariffs imposed by the United States on imports of steel products, sales of other forged engineered products, primarily within Canada, increased.

Operating results for the three ~~and~~months ended September 30, 2019, improved from a year ago by $1,120 primarily due to lower losses at ANR as the Avonmore operations were curtailed in anticipation of its sale. The effect from the lower volume of FEP shipments, which approximated $2,000, was offset by better pricing for our mill rolls. Manufacturing efficiencies for our domestic operations were partially mitigated by unabsorbed costs of our European operations due to summer holiday, including scheduled maintenance plant shutdowns. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018, declined~~2019, decreased by $9,258 when compared to the same period of the prior year and include the Impairment Charge, the Bad Debt Expense, and restructuring-related costs for employee severance of $683 due to reductions in force. While the current year-to-date period has been adversely impacted by the lower volume of shipments and weaker pricing for FEP, operating results benefitted from better pricing for mill rolls, manufacturing efficiencies for our domestic operations, and lower overhead costs and commissions. The lower exchange rates for the current year periods, when compared to the same periods of the prior year, ~~particularly~~did not have a significant impact on operating results.

Backlog approximated $282,298 at September 30, 2019, compared to $298,723 at December 31, 2018, and $304,790 at September 30, 2018. The decrease is due to lower demand for ~~our Canadian operations which have been affected by the tariffs~~FEP and changes in ~~product mix. Segment results were also negatively impacted by unabsorbed costs, higher operating costs and, particularly~~foreign exchange rates used to convert the backlog of our foreign subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar. The decrease in backlog for FEP is associated with reduced demand for the third quarter, equipment maintenance issues. The prior year-to-date period includes proceeds of $1,322 for recovery of a portion of a trade receivable associated with a customer in bankruptcy. Backlog approximated $306,489oil and gas market. Lower exchange rates at September 30, ~~2018, against $285,941 as of December 31, 2017, and $284,285 at September 30, 2017. Backlog for mill rolls increased at September 30, 2018,~~2019, when compared to each of the ~~periods due to improved demand and pricing. By comparison, backlog for forged engineered products declined at September 30, 2018, from the~~ earlier periods, ~~as a result of excess inventory in the oil~~reduced backlog by approximately $11,000 and ~~gas supply chain.~~$14,000, respectively. Approximately ~~$190,600~~$200,000 of the current backlog is expected to ship after ~~2018.~~2019.

Air and Liquid Processing. Net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, ~~improved against~~were relatively comparable. Operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, decreased by 23% and 18%, respectively, when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Shipments of air handling units for the current year periods were higher than the same periods of the prior ~~year. Specifically, sales~~year; however, operating income decreased due to a change in product mix. Sales of ~~air handling units~~pumps were slightly below the prior year periods due to a drop-off in commercial pump shipments to the refrigeration market, and operating income declined due to the lower volume of sales. Sales of heat exchange coils were lower for each of the current year periods exceeded the same periods of the prior year as a result of improved order intake. Sales of centrifugal pumps for the quarter benefited from a higher volume of shipments to U.S. Navy shipbuilders bringing year-to-date sales in line with the comparable prior year period. Sales of heat exchange coils continue to be adversely impacted by a lower volume of shipments to the nuclear and fossil-fueled power generation market. Operating income for the segment for the current year periods improved when compared to ~~the same periods of the~~ prior year due to a ~~higher level of sales and~~lower order intake, with operating income being further affected by a shift in product mix. ~~Backlog~~At September 30, 2019, backlog approximated $52,821, which compares to $44,356 at December 31, 2018, and $49,435 at September 30, ~~2018, against $40,438 as of December 31, 2017, with~~2018. Backlog for each of the product lines ~~benefiting from higher order intake. Backlog~~improved at September 30, 2019, when compared to December 31, 2018, with the ~~current period end was slightly better than a year ago due~~majority of the increase being attributable to ~~a higher backlog~~orders for ~~air handling units.~~U.S. Navy shipbuilders. Approximately ~~$27,532~~40% of the current backlog is expected to ship ~~after 2018.~~in 2019.

Investment-related income fluctuated because of the timing and amount of a dividend received from our cast roll Chinese joint venture. In 2019, we received a dividend of $1,400 during the second quarter. In 2018, we received a dividend of approximately $400 in the third quarter.

Interest expense for the current year periods increased over the comparable prior year periods principally due to interest on the sale and leaseback financing transaction completed in September 2018, offset by lower interest on promissory notes which were repaid on March 4, 2019.

Other income (expense) – net for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, includes a ~~dividend~~net gain of ~~approximately $400~~$2,304 resulting from the ~~Corporation’s U.K./Chinese cast roll joint venture company. No dividends were received in 2017.~~

~~Interest expense~~ ~~for the current year periods exceeded the same periods~~curtailment of the ~~prior year due to increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Higher interest expense for the current year-to-date period was partially offset by interest, fees~~defined benefit pension and ~~early~~other postretirement plans of ANR and special termination ~~costs incurred in the prior year~~benefits associated with

the ~~repayment~~sale of ~~debt assumed in connection with a 2016 acquisition.~~

the Avonmore Plant and the cessation of all manufacturing operations at ANR. Other income (expense) ~~approximated $1,671 and $276 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, and $5,022 and $(39)~~ – net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 respectively. The quarter-over-quarter improvement is attributable principally to higher pension and other postretirement benefit income of approximately $1,300. The year-to-date improvement is primarily due toincludes a favorable contract settlement with a third party completed in the first quarter of ~~approximately $2,425 and higher pension and other postretirement benefit income~~2018 of ~~approximately $3,600.~~$2,425. The ~~balance of the change~~remaining fluctuation between the periods is ~~attributable~~due to ~~fluctuations in~~ foreign exchange gains and losses.

Income tax ~~(provision) benefit~~provision ~~approximated $(800) and $1,804~~ for each of the ~~three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, and $(907) and $1,771 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The income tax provision for the current year~~ periods includes income taxes associated with our profitable operations. An income tax benefit is not able to be recognized on losses of certain of our entities since they remain in a three-year cumulative loss position. ~~The~~Additionally, the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, ~~also~~ includes: (i) a $1,242 benefit from the release of a valuation allowance previously established against the deferred income tax assets of one of our foreign subsidiaries on the basis that it was “more likely than not” the deferred income tax assets would be realized, (ii) a benefit for the carryback of additional 2017 tax losses of $986, and (iii) a refund of AMT credits of $433. The additional benefit was partially offset by recognition of a one-time tax on the deemed repatriation of previously untaxed foreign earnings of approximately $2,369. Specifically, in the first quarter of 2018, the Internal Revenue Service issued additional guidance with respect to certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform”), which was enacted on December 22, 2017. The additional guidance allows a taxpayer to exclude the deemed repatriated earnings from the computation of net operating losses generated in tax year 2017 and, instead, record a one-time tax charge in tax year 2018. Since we intend to avail ourselves of the election, we recognized the additional refunds and recorded the one-time tax charge.

Net loss from continuing operations and ~~earnings~~loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2018, equaled $(7,039), or $(0.56)~~2019, include the Impairment Charge, the Restructuring-Related Costs and the Bad Debt Expense, which had a combined negative impact on net loss from continuing operations per common share of $0.04 and ~~$(9,092), or $(0.73)~~$1.04 per common share ~~respectively. Net~~for the respective periods.

We present below non-GAAP adjusted (loss) income from continuing operations, which we calculate as our loss from continuing operations, excluding the Impairment Charge, the Restructuring-Related Costs, estimated temporary excess costs of Avonmore (the “Excess Costs of Avonmore”), and ~~earnings per common share~~the Bad Debt Expense. This non-GAAP financial measure is not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and is not comparable to similarly-titled measures presented by other companies.

We have presented non-GAAP adjusted (loss) income from continuing operations because it is a key measure used by our management and Board of Directors to understand and evaluate our operating performance and to develop operational goals for managing our business. This non-GAAP financial measure excludes significant charges or credits, that are one-time charges or credits, unrelated to our ongoing results of operations or beyond our control. Additionally, a portion of the incentive and compensation arrangements for certain employees is based on the Corporation’s business performance. We believe this non-GAAP financial measure helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the items that we exclude from the adjusted (loss) income from continuing operations. In particular, we believe that the exclusion of the Impairment Charge, the Restructuring-Related Costs, the Excess Costs of Avonmore, which are not expected to continue following the sale of Avonmore, and the Bad Debt Expense can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business performance. Accordingly, we believe that this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects and allowing for greater transparency with respect to key financial metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.

Adjusted (loss) income from continuing operations is not prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation of, or as an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations related to the use of adjusted (loss) income from continuing operations rather than loss from continuing operations, which is the nearest GAAP equivalent. Among other things, the Excess Costs of Avonmore, which is excluded from the adjusted non-GAAP financial measure, necessarily reflects judgments made by management in allocating manufacturing and operating costs between Avonmore and the Corporation’s other operations and in anticipating how it will conduct business following the sale of Avonmore. There can be no assurance that additional charges similar to the Impairment Charge, the Restructuring-Related Costs and the Bad Debt Expense will not occur in future periods.

The adjustments reflected in adjusted (loss) income from continuing operations are pre-tax. There is no tax impact associated with these adjustments due to our having a valuation allowance recorded against our deferred income tax assets for the jurisdictions where the expenses are recognized.

The following is a reconciliation of loss from continuing operations to non-GAAP adjusted (loss) income from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, equaled $(2,202), or $(0.18) per common share,~~2019, and ~~$(8,898), or $(0.72) per common share, respectively.~~2018, respectively:

Results from Discontinued Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Loss from discontinued operations represents the net loss associated with ASW. Losses were higher in the current year-to-date period primarily due to a lower demand for ingot feedstock, which is used in the production of forged engineered products to the oil and gas industry, and the impact of tariffs, which began on September 1, 2018.

Net cash flows ~~used in~~(used in) provided by operating activities ~~decreased~~for continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, ~~when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The improvement is principally~~fluctuated primarily due to additional investment in trade working capital. Although we recorded an impairment charge associated with the anticipated sale of the Avonmore Plant, the charge was a ~~reduction~~non-cash charge and, accordingly, did not impact our net cash flows used in operating activities. Changes in trade working capital at September 30, 2019, from December 31, 2018, include:

Net cash flows ~~used in~~provided by investing activities ~~were comparable~~for continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018, and 2017. While capital expenditures for 2018 are less than the same period for 2017, the prior year period includes~~2019, include proceeds from the sale of ~~a portion~~ASW of ~~our interest in a Chinese forged roll joint venture.~~$4,292 and the Avonmore Plant of $3,700. Capital expenditures for each of the periods were comparable and related primarily to the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment. As of September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, commitments for future capital expenditures approximated ~~$2,000~~$3,435, which is expected to be spent over the next ~~12-18~~12 months.

Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities ~~were comparable~~ for continuing operations fluctuated as a result of borrowing activity, proceeds from the ~~nine months ended September 30,~~sale and leaseback financing transaction completed in 2018, and ~~2017. During~~changes in funding required by our discontinued operation, ASW. In September 2019, combined proceeds from the ~~current year period,~~sale of ASW and the Avonmore Plant of $7,992 were used to repay a portion of our borrowings under our revolving credit facility. In March 2019, we repaid the promissory notes (and interest), equaling $26,474, with additional borrowings under our revolving credit facility. In September 2018, we completed a sale and leaseback financing transaction for ~~$19,000. The~~$19,000, with the majority of the proceeds ~~were~~ used to repay borrowings under our revolving credit facility. ~~By comparison,~~In 2019, a ~~portion~~lower level of ~~our borrowings under~~funding was required for ASW as ASW began to reduce its investment in trade working capital following the ~~credit facility~~fall-off in ~~2017 were used to repay debt assumed~~the business, which began in ~~connection with a 2016 acquisition. Additionally, net~~mid-2018.

Net cash flows ~~provided by financing activities~~used in discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, included payment of dividends which~~2019, and September 30, 2018, were ~~subsequently suspended~~comparable. The reduction in ~~June 2017. Dividends paid in 2018 represent dividends paid on restricted stock issued prior to June 2017 that vested in 2018.~~trade working capital for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, required lower borrowings by ASW from its affiliates.

As a result of the above, cash and cash equivalents decreased by ~~$5,922~~$9,884 in ~~2018,~~2019, and ended the period at ~~$14,778 (of which approximately $10,027~~$9,829 in comparison to $19,713 at December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, the majority of our cash and cash equivalents is held by our foreign ~~operations)~~operations. A springing lock-box feature whereby daily domestic customer remittances to the lock-box are used to pay down borrowings under our revolving credit facility, results in ~~comparison to $20,700 at December 31, 2017 (of which approximately $15,809 was held~~minimal cash maintained by ~~foreign operations).~~ our domestic operations.

Cash held by our foreign operations is considered to be permanently reinvested; accordingly, a provision for estimated local and withholding tax has not been made. If we were to remit any foreign earnings to the U.S., the estimated tax impact would be insignificant.

Funds on hand, funds generated from future operations and availability under our revolving credit facility are expected to be sufficient to finance our operational and capital expenditure ~~requirements and to repay our financial obligations.~~requirements. As of September 30, ~~2018,~~2019, remaining availability under the revolving credit facility approximated ~~$45,000,~~$21,000, net of anstandard availability reserves associated with the proceeds from the sale and leaseback financing transaction. The availability from this reserve will be used toward the settlement of promissory notes and interest due in March 2019.reserves. While the revolving credit agreement limits the amount of distributions upstream, we have not historically relied on or have been dependent on distributions from our subsidiaries and are not expected to be in the future.

The Corporation’s critical accounting policies, as summarized in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, remain unchanged.

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on our behalf. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and other sections of the Form 10-Q as well as the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. All statements in this document other than statements of historical fact are statements that are, or could be, deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Act. In this document, statements regarding future financial position, sales, costs, earnings, cash flows, other measures of results of operations, capital expenditures or debt levels and plans, objectives, outlook, targets, guidance or goals are forward-looking statements. Words such as “may,” “intend,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast” and other terms of similar meaning that indicate future events and trends are also generally intended to identify forward looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, are not guarantees of future performance or expectations, and involve risks and uncertainties. For us, these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described under Item 1A, Risk Factors, to Part I

of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, there may be events in the future that we are not able to predict accurately or control which may cause actual results to differ materially from expectations expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we assume no obligation, and disclaim any obligation, to update forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, events or otherwise.

~~There were no material changes in the Corporation’s exposure to market risk from December 31, 2017.~~Not applicable.

The information contained in Note 1615 to the condensed consolidated financial statements (Litigation) is incorporated herein by reference.

There are no material changes to the Risk Factors contained in Item 1A to Part I of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



Pennsylvania	25-1117717
(State of Incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒	Emerging growth company	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐☒


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value	AP	New York Stock Exchange

			Page No.
Part I –	Financial Information:

	Item 1 –	Financial Statements (Unaudited)

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – September 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018	3

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	4

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	6

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	67

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	78

	Item 2 –	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23

	Item 3 –	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	2628

	Item 4 –	Controls and Procedures	2628

Part II –	Other Information:

	Item 1 –	Legal Proceedings	2729

	Item 1A –	Risk Factors	2729

	Item 6 –	Exhibits	2729

Signatures			2830

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of the period	$	4,889		$	7,849		$	4,573		$	6,786
Satisfaction of performance obligations		(2,027	)		(3,070	)		(7,176	)		(9,495	)
Receipt of additional deposits		1,871			1,769			7,384			9,228
Other, primarily changes in foreign currency exchange rates		(88	)		113			(136	)		142
Balance at end of the period	$	4,645		$	6,661		$	4,645		$	6,661

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Originally Presented			Reclassification for ASU 2017-07			As Adjusted
Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization)	$	87,295		$	51		$	87,346
Selling and administrative		14,243			(25	)		14,218
Loss from operations		(3,213	)		(26	)		(3,239	)

Other – net		250			26			276
Other income (expense)		(494	)		26			(468	)

Loss before income taxes and equity income in joint venture		(3,707	)		0			(3,707	)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Originally Presented			Reclassification for ASU 2017-07			As Adjusted
Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization)	$	263,975		$	204		$	264,179
Selling and administrative		44,444			204			44,648
Loss from operations		(7,595	)		(408	)		(8,003	)

Other – net		(447	)		408			(39	)
Other income (expense)		(3,025	)		408			(2,617	)

Loss before income taxes and equity income in joint venture		(10,620	)		0			(10,620	)

		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
As of January 1, 2018, as originally presented	$		38,348	$	(44,760	)
Cumulative effect of ASU 2016-01			632		(632	)
As of January 1, 2018, as adjusted	$		38,980	$	(45,392	)

	December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,124
Receivables		6,928
Inventories		13,764
Other assets		1,708
Property, plant and equipment, net		11,714
Estimated charge for impairment		(15,000	)
Current assets of discontinued operations	$	20,238

Accounts payable	$	8,890
Accrued payrolls and employee benefits		178
Other current liabilities		390
Current liabilities of discontinued operations	$	9,458

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	193		$	417		$	1,002		$	1,238
Interest cost		2,181			2,113			6,292			6,310
Expected return on plan assets		(3,356	)		(3,122	)		(9,959	)		(9,377	)
Amortization of prior service cost		10			12			35			39
Amortization of actuarial loss		308			1,145			1,163			3,083
Curtailment loss		0			0			21			0
Net benefit (income) cost	$	(664	)	$	565		$	(1,446	)	$	1,293

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Foreign Defined Benefit Pension Plans	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	65		$	81		$	340		$	263
Interest cost		340			474			1,058			1,377
Expected return on plan assets		(629	)		(568	)		(1,959	)		(1,662	)
Amortization of prior service credit		(82	)		0			(255	)		0
Amortization of actuarial loss		182			195			566			562
Net benefit (income) cost	$	(124	)	$	182		$	(250	)	$	540

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	114		$	16		$	342		$	369
Interest cost		124			124			371			428
Amortization of prior service credit		(402	)		(401	)		(1,205	)		(1,205	)
Amortization of actuarial gain		(58	)		(6	)		(173	)		(18	)
Net benefit income	$	(222	)	$	(267	)	$	(665	)	$	(426	)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Revolving Credit and Security Agreement	$	38,444		$	14,320
Sale and leaseback financing obligation		19,126			18,518
Promissory notes (and interest)		0			26,205
Industrial Revenue Bonds ("IRB")		13,311			13,311
Minority shareholder loan		3,067			4,056
Finance lease liabilities		1,119			1,199
Outstanding borrowings		75,067			77,609
Debt – current portion		(20,041	)		(45,728	)
Long-term debt	$	55,026		$	31,881

	Location	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Fair value hedge contracts	Other current assets	$	126	$	961
	Other noncurrent assets		52		0
	Other current liabilities		736		89
	Other noncurrent liabilities		55		1
Fair value hedged items	Receivables		177		(269	)
	Other current assets		720		169
	Other noncurrent assets		165		16
	Other current liabilities		62		907
	Other noncurrent liabilities		0		0

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Beginning of the Period			Plus Recognized as Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Less Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) End of the Period
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	230		$	0		$	7		$	223
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		(113	)		(198	)		(53	)		(258	)
	$	117		$	(198	)	$	(46	)	$	(35	)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	203		$	0		$	11		$	192
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		265			217			139			343
	$	468		$	217		$	150		$	535
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	239		$	0		$	16		$	223
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		500			(519	)		239			(258	)
	$	739		$	(519	)	$	255		$	(35	)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Foreign currency purchase contracts	$	216		$	0		$	24		$	192
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum		335			456			448			343
	$	551		$	456		$	472		$	535

	Location of Gain (Loss) in Statements	Estimated to be Reclassified in the Next			Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	of Operations	12 Months			2018			2017		2018		2017
Foreign currency purchase contracts	Depreciation and amortization	$	27		$	7		$	11	$	16	$	24
Futures contracts – copper and aluminum	Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization)		(258	)		(53	)		139		239		448

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrecognized Employee Benefit Costs			Unrealized Holding Gains on Marketable Securities			Cash Flow Hedges			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at January 1, 2018, as originally presented	$	(11,932	)	$	(34,196	)	$	632		$	739		$	(44,757	)
Cumulative effect of ASU 2016-01		0			0			(632	)		0			(632	)
Balance at January 1, 2018, adjusted		(11,932	)		(34,196	)		0			739			(45,389	)
Net Change		(4,801	)		569			0			(774	)		(5,006	)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(16,733	)	$	(33,627	)	$	0		$	(35	)	$	(50,395	)

Balance at January 1, 2017	$	(22,973	)	$	(38,636	)	$	59		$	551		$	(60,999	)
Net Change		10,704			688			398			(16	)		11,774
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(12,269	)	$	(37,948	)	$	457		$	535		$	(49,225	)

	(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
United States ⁽¹⁾	$	(315	)	$	(3,208	)	$	(14,231	)	$	(6,730	)
Foreign ⁽²⁾		(479	)		995			1,952			5,067
	$	(794	)	$	(2,213	)	$	(12,279	)	$	(1,663	)


	Net Sales								(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes and Equity Income in Joint Venture
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018			2017			2018			2017
United States	$	53,713	$	55,940	$	177,865	$	172,032	$	(3,208	)	$	(4,263	)	$	(6,730	)	$	(14,954	)
Foreign		58,503		47,946		176,855		145,920		(2,448	)		556			(130	)		4,334
	$	112,216	$	103,886	$	354,720	$	317,952	$	(5,656	)	$	(3,707	)	$	(6,860	)	$	(10,620	)

(2.1)		Purchase Agreement, dated September 30, 2019, by and among Ampco UES Sub, Inc., ASW Steel Inc., Valbruna Canada Ltd. and Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation, incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2019.

(10.1)		~~Master Lease Agreement between Union Electric Steel Corporation~~Consent, Release and ~~Store Capital Acquisitions, LLC,~~Amendment, dated September ~~28, 2018, filed herewith.~~
~~(10.2)~~		~~Unconditional Guaranty of Payment and Performance between Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation and Store Capital Acquisitions, LLC, dated September 28, 2018, filed herewith.~~
~~(10.3)~~		~~Third Amendment to the Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated September 28, 2018,~~30, 2019, by and among Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation and PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and certain ~~lenders,~~borrowers, guarantors and the other agents party thereto, incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed ~~herewith.~~on October 3, 2019.

(31.1)		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

(31.2)		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

(32.1)		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

(32.2)		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

(101)		Interactive Data File (XBRL)

	AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

DATE: November ~~9, 2018~~8, 2019	BY:	/s/ J. Brett McBrayer
		J. Brett McBrayer
		Director and Chief Executive Officer

DATE: November ~~9, 2018~~8, 2019	BY:	/s/ Michael G. McAuley
		Michael G. McAuley
		Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer