UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-37728

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		36-4829638
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

35 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois		60601
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

(844) 866-4337

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock (Par Value $0.01)		DFIN		NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April ~~26, 2019, 34.2 million~~30, 2020, 33,733,441 shares of common stock were outstanding.

DONNELLEY FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, ~~2019~~2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION		Page
Item 1:	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019	4

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2:	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30
		24
Item 3:	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	42
		40
Item 4:	Controls and Procedures	4240

Part II
OTHER INFORMATION		~~Page~~
Item 1:	Legal Proceedings	4341

Item 1A:	Risk Factors	4341

Item 2:	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4342
Item 3:	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	42
Item 4:	Mine Safety Disclosures	4342
Item 5:	Other Information	42
Item 6:	Exhibits	4443

Signatures		47

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018~~

(in millions, except per share data)

(UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2019

2018

Services net sales
$
127.9

$
159.5

Products net sales

101.7

95.7

Total net sales

229.6

255.2

Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

75.4

85.9

Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

78.5

72.7

Total cost of sales

153.9

158.6

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

54.9

66.1

Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net

2.1

0.7

Depreciation and amortization

12.1

10.4

Income from operations

6.6

19.4

Interest expense-net

8.9

9.0

Investment and other income-net

(0.6
)

(0.8
)
(Loss) earnings before income taxes

(1.7
)

11.2

Income tax (benefit) expense

(0.3
)

3.5

Net (loss) earnings
$
(1.4
)

$
7.7

Net (loss) earnings per share (Note 11):

Basic net (loss) earnings per share

(0.04
)

0.23

Diluted net (loss)earnings per share

(0.04
)

0.23

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

Basic

34.0

33.7

Diluted

34.0

33.9

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net sales
Tech-enabled services	$	81.9		$	83.2
Software solutions		47.3			44.7
Print and distribution		91.5			101.7
Total net sales		220.7			229.6
Cost of sales ⁽¹⁾
Tech-enabled services		42.8			48.8
Software solutions		24.8			26.6
Print and distribution		68.7			78.5
Total cost of sales		136.3			153.9
Selling, general and administrative expenses ⁽¹⁾		57.0			54.9
Depreciation and amortization		12.4			12.1
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net		3.1			2.1
Income from operations		11.9			6.6
Interest expense, net		4.6			8.9
Investment and other income, net		(0.4	)		(0.6	)
Earnings (loss) before income taxes		7.7			(1.7	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		3.6			(0.3	)
Net earnings (loss)	$	4.1		$	(1.4	)

Net earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.12		$	(0.04	)
Diluted	$	0.12		$	(0.04	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		34.2			34.0
Diluted		34.3			34.0

____________

(1)	Exclusive of depreciation and amortization

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018~~

(in millions)

(UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2019

2018

Net (loss) earnings
$
(1.4
)

$
7.7

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:

Translation adjustments

2.2

0.7

Adjustment for net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits plan cost

0.4

0.5

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

2.6

1.2

Comprehensive (loss) income
$
1.2

$
8.9

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net earnings (loss)	$	4.1		$	(1.4	)

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Translation adjustments		(2.8	)		2.2
Adjustment for net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits plan		0.6			0.4
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(2.2	)		2.6
Comprehensive income	$	1.9		$	1.2

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

~~As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018~~

(in millions, except per share data)

(UNAUDITED)

	March 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10.5		$	47.3		$	7.7		$	17.2
Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $8.6 in 2019 (2018 - $7.9)		235.6			172.9
Receivables, less allowances for expected losses of $9.7 in 2020 (2019 - $7.7)								214.6			161.4
Inventories		14.8			12.1			15.2			11.1
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		20.8			16.7			21.2			15.9
Assets held for sale								5.6			5.6
Total current assets		281.7			249.0			264.3			211.2
Property, plant and equipment-net		38.1			32.2
Property, plant and equipment, net								16.5			17.5
Right-of-use assets		95.5			—			80.3			80.7
Software-net		49.9			47.8
Software, net								55.2			55.0
Goodwill		450.2			450.0			449.7			450.3
Other intangible assets-net		33.6			37.2
Deferred income taxes		12.3			9.7
Other intangible assets, net								18.4			21.9
Deferred income taxes, net								9.1			9.0
Other noncurrent assets		41.1			42.8			41.3			41.3
Total assets	$	1,002.4		$	868.7		$	934.8		$	886.9
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	98.0		$	72.4		$	72.1		$	58.5
Accrued liabilities		113.7			126.0			120.0			121.0
Total current liabilities		211.7			198.4			192.1			179.5
Long-term debt (Note 14)		411.7			362.7
Long-term debt								336.6			296.0
Deferred compensation liabilities		19.8			19.5			18.8			20.0
Pension and other postretirement benefits plan liabilities		50.1			51.3			57.2			58.8
Noncurrent lease liabilities		73.9			—			57.8			57.9
Other noncurrent liabilities		7.7			10.8			5.2			6.1
Total liabilities		774.9			642.7			667.7			618.3
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)
EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value
Authorized: 1.0 shares; Issued: None		—			—
Authorized: 1.0 shares; Issued: NaN								—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value
Authorized: 65.0 shares;
Issued: 34.4 shares in 2019 (2018 - 34.2 shares)		0.3			0.3
Treasury stock, at cost: 0.2 shares in 2019 (2018 - 0.1 shares)		(3.6	)		(2.4	)
Issued and outstanding: 34.8 shares and 33.8 shares in 2020 (2019 - 34.5 shares and 34.2 shares)								0.3			0.3
Treasury stock, at cost: 1.0 shares in 2020 (2019 - 0.3 shares)								(9.4	)		(4.2	)
Additional paid-in-capital		218.0			216.5			227.5			225.2
Retained earnings		92.9			94.3			135.5			131.9
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(80.1	)		(82.7	)		(86.8	)		(84.6	)
Total equity		227.5			226.0			267.1			268.6
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,002.4		$	868.7		$	934.8		$	886.9

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018~~

(in millions)

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net (loss) earnings	$	(1.4	)	$	7.7
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) earnings to net cash used in operating activities:
Net earnings (loss)							$	4.1		$	(1.4	)
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		12.1			10.4			12.4			12.1
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable		1.0			1.0
Provision for expected losses on accounts receivable								1.6			1.0
Share-based compensation		1.5			1.8			2.3			1.5
Gain on debt extinguishment								(2.3	)		—
Deferred income taxes		(2.8	)		0.6			(0.5	)		(2.8	)
Net pension plan income		(0.5	)		(0.8	)		(0.5	)		(0.5	)
Amortization of right-of-use assets								5.8			5.7
Other		8.8			0.5			0.1			2.0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities - net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable - net		(63.6	)		(65.4	)
Accounts receivable, net								(55.7	)		(63.6	)
Inventories		(2.7	)		(5.8	)		(4.2	)		(2.7	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(3.2	)		(0.2	)		(4.7	)		(3.2	)
Accounts payable		23.9			20.3			12.5			23.9
Income taxes payable and receivable		(11.3	)		0.6			2.1			(11.3	)
Accrued liabilities and other		(29.9	)		(23.1	)		(4.0	)		(23.3	)
Lease liabilities								(5.9	)		(5.5	)
Pension and other postretirement benefits plan contributions		(0.2	)		(1.2	)		(0.2	)		(0.2	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(68.3	)		(53.6	)		(37.1	)		(68.3	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures		(15.1	)		(6.4	)		(6.9	)		(15.1	)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		(2.2	)		—			—			(2.2	)
Purchase of investment								(1.3	)		—
Other investing activities		0.2			—			—			0.2
Net cash used in investing activities		(17.1	)		(6.4	)		(8.2	)		(17.1	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Revolving facility borrowings		178.5			88.0			146.5			178.5
Payments on revolving facility borrowings		(130.0)			(68.0	)		(40.5	)		(130.0	)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock		—			1.2
Payments on long-term debt								(63.3	)		—
Treasury share repurchases		(1.2	)		(0.8	)		(5.2	)		(1.2	)
Debt issuance costs		(0.2	)		—			—			(0.2	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		47.1			20.4			37.5			47.1
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents		1.5			(0.3	)		(1.7	)		1.5
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(36.8	)		(39.9	)		(9.5	)		(36.8	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		47.3			52.0			17.2			47.3
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	10.5		$	12.1		$	7.7		$	10.5

Supplemental cash flow information
Income taxes paid	$	13.8		$	2.2
Income taxes paid (net of refunds)							$	2.0		$	13.8
Interest paid	$	1.5		$	2.2		$	2.6		$	1.5

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019

(in millions)

(UNAUDITED)

Common Stock

Treasury Stock

Additional
Paid-in-Capital

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss

Total Equity

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Balance at December 31, 2018

34.2

$
0.3

0.1

$
(2.4
)

$
216.5

$
94.3

$
(82.7
)

$
226.0

Net loss

—

—

—

—

—

(1.4
)

—

(1.4
)
Other comprehensive income

—

—

—

—

—

—

2.6

2.6

Share-based compensation

—

—

—

—

1.5

—

—

1.5

Issuance of share-based awards, net of withholdings and other

0.2

—

0.1

(1.2
)

—

—

—

(1.2
)
Balance at March 31, 2019

34.4

$
0.3

0.2

$
(3.6
)

$
218.0

$
92.9

$
(80.1
)

$
227.5

Common Stock

Treasury Stock

Additional
Paid-in-Capital

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss

Total Equity

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Balance at December 31, 2017

33.8

$
0.3

—

$
(0.9
)

$
205.7

$
8.9

$
(64.6
)

$
149.4

Net earnings

—

—

—

—

—

7.7

—

7.7

Other comprehensive income

—

—

—

—

—

—

1.2

1.2

Adoption of ASU 2014-09

—

—

—

—

—

0.9

—

0.9

Share-based compensation

—

—

—

—

1.8

—

—

1.8

Issuance of share-based awards, net of withholdings and other

0.2

—

0.1

(0.8
)

1.4

—

—

0.6

Balance at March 31, 2018

34.0

$
0.3

0.1

$
(1.7
)

$
208.9

$
17.5

$
(63.4
)

$
161.6


	Common Stock				Treasury Stock					Additional Paid-in-Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019		34.5	$	0.3		0.3	$	(4.2	)	$	225.2	$	131.9		$	(84.6	)	$	268.6
Net earnings		—		—		—		—			—		4.1			—			4.1
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—			—		—			(2.2	)		(2.2	)
Adoption of ASU 2016-13		—		—		—		—			—		(0.5	)		—			(0.5	)
Share-based compensation		—		—		—		—			2.3		—			—			2.3
Common stock repurchases		—		—		0.6		(3.8	)		—		—			—			(3.8	)
Issuance of share-based awards, net of withholdings and other		0.3		—		0.1		(1.4	)		—		—			—			(1.4	)
Balance at March 31, 2020		34.8	$	0.3		1.0	$	(9.4	)	$	227.5	$	135.5		$	(86.8	)	$	267.1


	Common Stock				Treasury Stock					Additional Paid-in-Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018		34.2	$	0.3		0.1	$	(2.4	)	$	216.5	$	94.3		$	(82.7	)	$	226.0
Net loss		—		—		—		—			—		(1.4	)		—			(1.4	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—			—		—			2.6			2.6
Share-based compensation		—		—		—		—			1.5		—			—			1.5
Issuance of share-based awards, net of withholdings and other		0.2		—		0.1		(1.2	)		—		—			—			(1.2	)
Balance at March 31, 2019		34.4	$	0.3		0.2	$	(3.6	)	$	218.0	$	92.9		$	(80.1	)	$	227.5

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Note 1. Overview, ~~and~~ Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and subsidiaries (“DFIN,” or the “Company”) is a leading global risk and compliance solutions company. The Company provides regulatory filing and deal solutions ~~software-as-a-service (“SaaS”),~~via its software technology-enabled services and print and distribution solutions to public and private companies, mutual funds and other regulated investment firms, to serve ~~their~~its clients’ regulatory and compliance needs. DFIN helps its clients comply with applicable regulations where and how they want to work in a digital world, providing numerous solutions tailored to each client’s precise needs. The prevailing trend is toward clients choosing to utilize the Company’s software solutions, in conjunction with its tech-enabled services, to meet their document and filing needs, while at the same time shifting away from physical print and distribution of documents, except for cases where it is still regulatorily required or requested by shareholders.

For corporate clients within its capital markets offerings, the Company offers ~~technology-enabled filing~~ solutions that allow U.S. public companies to comply with applicable U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations including filing agent services, digital document creation and online content management tools that support their corporate financial transactions and regulatory reporting; solutions to facilitate clients’ communications with their shareholders; and virtual data rooms and other deal management solutions. For ~~the~~ investment ~~markets,~~companies, including ~~alternative investment~~mutual fund and ~~insurance~~alternative investment companies, the Company provides ~~technology-enabled filing~~ solutions ~~including cloud-based tools~~ for creating and filing high-quality regulatory documents ~~and~~as well as solutions for investors designed to improve the speed and accuracy of their access to investment information. ~~Throughout a company’s life cycle, the~~The Company serves its clients’ regulatory and compliance ~~needs.~~needs throughout their respective life cycles.

Services and Products

The Company separately reports its net sales and related cost of sales for its software solutions, tech-enabled services and print and distribution offerings. The Company’s ~~deep industry~~software solutions consist of Venue® Virtual Data Room (“Venue”), ActiveDisclosure, eBrevia, FundSuiteArc, and ~~regulatory expertise~~others. The Company’s tech-enabled services offerings consist of document composition, compliance-related SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and ~~a commitment~~Retrieval (“EDGAR”) filing services and transaction solutions. The Company’s print and distribution offerings primarily consist of conventional and digital printed products and the related shipping.

Segments

In the first quarter of 2020, management realigned the Company’s operating segments to ~~exceptional service guides our clients~~reflect changes in the manner in which the chief operating decision maker assesses information for decision-making purposes. The Company’s 4 operating and reportable segments are: Capital Markets – Software Solutions (“CM-SS”), Capital Markets – Compliance and Communications Management (“CM-CCM”), Investment Companies – Software Solutions (“IC-SS”), and Investment Companies – Compliance and Communications Management (“IC-CCM”). Corporate is not an operating segment and consists primarily of unallocated selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) activities and associated expenses. All prior year amounts have been reclassified to ~~navigate a high-stakes and ever-changing regulatory environment.~~conform to the Company’s current reporting structure. See Note 13, Segment Information, for additional information.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying ~~unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements~~Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of DFIN and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial data presented herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated ~~and combined~~ financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 filed with the SEC on February ~~27, 2019.~~26, 2020 (the “Annual Report”). In the opinion of management, the financial data presented includes all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Results of interim periods should not be considered indicative of the results for the full year. ~~These unaudited condensed~~

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation, there was no impact on the Company’s previously reported consolidated ~~interim~~statements of operations, statements of comprehensive income, balance sheets, statements of cash flows or statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements ~~include~~in conformity with GAAP requires the extensive use of management’s estimates and assumptions ~~of management~~ that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported inamounts of revenue and expenses during the ~~unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.~~reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company’s significant accounting policies and critical estimates are disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report.

~~Changes~~Prepaid Expenses—As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, prepaid expenses were $13.8 million and $9.6 million, respectively.

Inventory—The components of the Company’s inventories stated at the lower of cost or market, net of excess and obsolescence reserves for raw materials, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Raw materials and manufacturing supplies	$	6.7	$	3.9
Work in process		8.5		7.2
Total	$	15.2	$	11.1

Property, Plant and Equipment—The components of the Company’s property, plant and equipment, net at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Land	$	0.3		$	0.3
Buildings		27.1			26.8
Machinery and equipment		112.0			111.9
		139.4			139.0
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(122.9	)		(121.5	)
Total	$	16.5		$	17.5

Depreciation expense was $1.7 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Assets Held for Sale—As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had one real estate property, primarily consisting of land and an office building, held for sale with a carrying value of $5.6 million.

Software—Capitalized software development costs are amortized over their estimated useful life using the straight-line method, up to a maximum of three years. Amortization expense related to internally-developed software, excluding amortization expense related to other intangible assets, was $7.3 million and $6.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Investments—The carrying value of the Company’s investments in ~~Presentation~~equity securities was $25.2 million at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company measures its equity securities that do not have a readily determinable fair value, at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company performs an assessment on a quarterly basis to determine whether triggering events for impairment exist and to identify any observable price changes. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no events or changes in circumstances that suggested an impairment or an observable price change of any of these investments resulting from an orderly transaction for the identical or a similar investment.

~~Certain prior year amounts have been restated to conform~~

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which replaces the incurred loss model with a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to explain credit loss estimates. This standard applies to financial assets, measured at amortized cost, including loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases and trade accounts receivable. The guidance must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption.

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the standard and recorded a $0.5 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company’s credit loss reserves primarily relate to trade receivables, unbilled receivables and contract assets. The Company establishes provisions at differing rates, which are region or country-specific, and are based upon the age of the trade receivable, the Company’s historical collection experience in each region or country and lines of business, where appropriate. Provisions for unbilled receivables and contract assets are established based on rates which management believes to be appropriate considering its historical experience. Specific customer provisions are made when a review of significant outstanding amounts, utilizing information about customer creditworthiness and current ~~reporting unit structure. Due~~economic trends, indicates that collection is doubtful.

Transactions affecting the current expected credit loss reserve during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows:

	March 31, 2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	7.7
Adoption of ASU 2016-13		0.5
Provisions charged to expense and reclassifications		2.3
Write-offs and other		(0.8	)
Balance, end of period (a)	$	9.7

_____________

(a) As of March 31, 2020, the CECL reserve balance is comprised of an $8.8 million provision for accounts receivable and a $0.9 million provision for unbilled receivables and contract assets, all of which are included in receivables, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2019, prior to the ~~sale~~adoption of ASU 2016-13, the reserve balance was comprised of a $7.7 million allowance for doubtful accounts.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40).” The standard requires a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and to expense the capitalized implementation costs over the term of the ~~Language~~hosting arrangement. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and the interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted the amendment prospectively on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to use optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 apply only to contracts and other transactions that reference the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. Generally, the expedients and exceptions provided by ASU 2020-04 would only be allowed for contract modifications made prior to December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, ~~business in 2018, the Company made changes~~Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the reporting units within the U.S. segment. The former Language Solutions and other reporting unit has been renamed “Language Solutions.” Certain results previously included within the former Language Solutions and other reporting unit are now included within the Investment Markets reporting unit.Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which modifies ASC 740, Income Taxes, to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. ASU 2019-12 also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

The Company manages highly-customized data and materials, such as ~~Exchange Act, Securities Act and Investment Company Act~~ filings with the SEC on behalf of its customers pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Securities Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Act”), manages virtual data rooms and performs XBRL and related services. Clients are provided with EDGAR filing services, XBRL compliance services and translation, editing, interpreting, proof-reading and multilingual typesetting services, among others. The Company’s ~~SaaS offerings~~software solutions include ~~the~~ Venue, ~~Virtual Data Room (“Venue”),~~ the FundSuiteArc software platform, ActiveDisclosure and data and analytics, among others.

Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is derived from contracts with an initial expected duration of one year or less. Generally, customer payment is due within ten days upon invoicing.

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised services or products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those services or products. The Company’s arrangements with customers often include promises to transfer multiple services or products to a customer. Determining whether services and products are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately requires significant judgment. Certain customer arrangements have multiple performance obligations as certain promises are both capable of being distinct and are distinct within the context of the contract. Other customer arrangements have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts, and therefore are not distinct.

Revenue for the Company’s tech-enabled services, software solutions and ~~products~~print and distribution offerings is recognized either over time or at a point in time, as outlined below.

Over time

The Company recognizes revenue for certain services over ~~time.~~time:

•

The Company’s ~~SaaS~~software solutions, including Venue, the FundSuiteArc software platform, ActiveDisclosure, data and analytics and others, are generally provided on a subscription basis and allow customers access to use the products over the contract period. As a result, software solutions revenue ~~for SaaS solutions~~ is predominantly recognized ratably over time as the customer receives the benefit throughout the contract period. The timing of invoicing varies, however, the customer may be invoiced before the end of the contract period, resulting in a deferred revenue balance.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

•

~~Revenue for warehousing services is recognized ratably over time as the customer receives the benefit throughout the storage period.~~

Point in time

~~All remaining~~Certain revenue arrangements, primarily for tech-enabled services and print and distribution offerings, are ~~generally~~ recognized at a point in time and are primarily invoiced upon completion of all services or upon shipment to the customer.

•

Certain ~~of these~~ arrangements include multiple performance obligations and revenue is recognized upon completion of each performance obligation, such as when a document is filed with a regulatory agency and upon completion of printing the related document. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations. The Company provides customer specific solutions and as such, observable standalone selling price is rarely available. Standalone selling price is ~~more frequently~~ determined using an estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct service or product, taking into consideration historical selling price by customer for each distinct service or product. These estimates may vary from the final amounts invoiced to the customer and are adjusted upon completion of all performance obligations. Customers may be invoiced subsequent to the recognition of revenue for completed performance obligations, resulting in contract asset balances.

•

Revenue for arrangements which include assisting customers in completing regulatory filings for transactions, such as mergers and acquisitions or other public capital market transactions, is recognized upon completion of all ~~promises,~~obligations, including the services performed and printing of the related document, if applicable.

•

Revenue for arrangements without a regulatory filing generally have a single performance ~~obligation, as~~obligation. As the services and products provided are not distinct within the context of the contract, ~~and are~~the revenue is recognized upon completion of the services performed or upon completion of printing of the related product.

•

Warehousing, fulfillment services and shipping and handling are each separate performance obligations. As a result, when the Company provides warehousing and future fulfillment services, revenue for the composition services performed and printing of the product is recognized upon completion of the performance obligation(s), as control of the inventory has transferred to the customer and the inventory is being stored at the customer’s request.

Because substantially all of the Company’s products are customized, product returns are not significant; however, the Company accrues for the estimated amount of customer credits at the time of sale.

The Company records deferred revenue when amounts are invoiced but the revenue recognition criteria are not yet met. Such revenue is recognized when all criteria are subsequently met.

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

Certain revenues earned by the Company require significant judgment to determine if revenue should be recorded gross, as a principal, or net of related costs, as an agent. Billings for shipping and handling costs as well as certain postage costs, and out-of-pocket expenses are recorded gross. Revenue is not recognized for customer-supplied postage. The Company’s printing operations process paper that may be supplied directly by customers or may be purchased by the Company from third parties and sold to customers. Revenue is not recognized for customer-supplied paper, however, revenues for Company-supplied paper are recognized on a gross basis. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to authorities.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Disaggregation of revenue

The following ~~tables disaggregate~~table disaggregates revenue between tech-enabled services, software solutions and print and distribution by ~~reporting unit~~reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020								2019
	Tech-enabled Services		Software Solutions		Print and Distribution		Total		Tech-enabled Services		Software Solutions		Print and Distribution		Total
Capital Markets - Software Solutions	$	—	$	31.2	$	—	$	31.2	$	—	$	30.5	$	—	$	30.5
Capital Markets - Compliance and Communications Management		57.9		—		41.2		99.1		59.5		—		42.5		102.0
Investment Companies - Software Solutions		—		16.1		—		16.1		—		14.2		—		14.2
Investment Companies - Compliance and Communications Management		24.0		—		50.3		74.3		23.7		—		59.2		82.9
Total net sales	$	81.9	$	47.3	$	91.5	$	220.7	$	83.2	$	44.7	$	101.7	$	229.6

Unbilled Receivables and Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition ~~for~~may differ from the ~~three months ended March 31, 2019~~timing of invoicing customers and ~~2018:~~

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Point in time

Over time

Total

U.S.

Capital Markets
$
85.0

$
24.7

$
109.7

Investment Markets

80.5

12.6

93.1

Total U.S.

165.5

37.3

202.8

International

21.1

5.7

26.8

Total net sales
$
186.6

$
43.0

$
229.6

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

Point in time

Over time

Total

U.S.

Capital Markets
$
93.5

$
24.0

$
117.5

Investment Markets*

76.0

13.5

89.5

Language Solutions*

6.1

—

6.1

Total U.S.

175.6

37.5

213.1

International

37.9

4.2

42.1

Total net sales
$
213.5

$
41.7

$
255.2

* Certain prior year amounts were restated to conform to the Company’s current reporting unit structure.

~~Contract Balances~~

these timing differences result in unbilled receivables, contract assets or contract liabilities. Contract assets represent revenue recognized for performance obligations completed before an unconditional right to payment exists, and therefore invoicing has not yet occurred. ~~Contract assets~~Unbilled receivables are recorded when there is an unconditional right to payment and invoicing has not yet occurred. Unbilled receivables were ~~$14.9~~$76.0 million at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~$8.7~~$33.5 million at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019. Contract assets were $14.5 million at March 31, 2020 and $8.9 million at December 31, 2019, respectively. Generally, the contract assets balance is impacted by the recognition of additional contract assets, offset by amounts invoiced to customers. For the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, final amounts invoiced to customers exceeded estimates of standalone selling price as of ~~January 1,~~December 31, 2019 for the related arrangements by approximately ~~$1.3~~$0.1 million. ~~Contract~~Unbilled receivables and contract assets are included in accounts receivable on the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheet.~~Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and progress billings which are included in accrued liabilities on the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheet.~~Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in contract liabilities for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, were as follows:

Balance at January 1, 2019	$	12.0
Balance at January 1, 2020				$	13.1
Deferral of revenue		12.2			11.2
Revenue recognized		(12.6	)		(9.6	)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	11.6
Balance at March 31, 2020				$	14.7

Balance at January 1, 2019	$	12.0
Deferral of revenue		12.2
Revenue recognized		(12.6	)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	11.6

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Balance at January 1, 2018
$
14.2

Deferral of revenue

9.4

Revenue recognized

(10.5
)
Balance at March 31, 2018
$
13.1

~~Note 3. Acquisitions and Dispositions~~

~~Acquisition~~

On December 18, 2018, the Company acquired eBrevia, a leading provider of artificial intelligence-based data extraction and contract analytics software solutions. The eBrevia technology provides leading enterprise contract review and analysis solutions, leveraging machine learning to produce faster and more accurate results. eBrevia's software, which extracts and summarizes key legal provisions and other information, can be used in due diligence, contract management, lease abstraction and document drafting. The acquisition enhances the Company’s Venue Deal Solutions offerings to provide clients with secure data aggregation, due diligence, compliance and risk management solutions. The Company previously held a 12.8% investment in eBrevia prior to the acquisition. The purchase price for the remaining equity of eBrevia, which includes the Company’s estimate of contingent consideration, was $23.3 million, net of cash acquired of $0.2 million. $2.0 million of the purchase price, excluding contingent consideration and amounts held in escrow, remains payable as of March 31, 2019. The fair value of the Company’s previously held investment was $3.3 million, resulting in the recognition of a $1.8 million gain, which is reflected in investment and other income in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. The fair value of the previously held investment was determined based on the purchase price paid for the remaining equity less an estimated control premium. The former owners of eBrevia, excluding the Company, may receive additional contingent consideration of up to $3.5 million in cash subject to eBrevia achieving certain financial targets during the twenty-four months post acquisition. As of the acquisition date and March 31, 2019, the Company estimated the fair value of contingent consideration to be $0.8 million using a probability weighting of the potential payouts. Subsequent changes in the estimated contingent consideration from the final purchase price allocation will be recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The operations of eBrevia are included within the Capital Markets reporting unit in the U.S. segment.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, there were no acquisition-related expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded $0.2 million of acquisition-related expenses associated with acquisitions completed or contemplated within selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

The eBrevia acquisition was recorded by allocating the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired, including other intangible assets, based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.

~~There is no tax deductible goodwill related to the eBrevia acquisition.~~

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

The purchase price allocation for eBrevia is preliminary as the Company is still in the process of obtaining data to finalize the estimated fair values of certain deferred tax account balances. The final purchase price allocation may differ from what is currently reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Based on the current valuation, the preliminary purchase price allocation for this acquisition is as follows:

Accounts receivable
$
0.3

Other intangible assets

11.4

Software

0.8

Goodwill

12.9

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

(0.4
)
Deferred taxes-net

(1.7
)
Total purchase price-net of cash acquired

23.3

Less: fair value of the Company's previously held investment in eBrevia

(3.3
)
Less: fair value of contingent consideration

(0.8
)
Less: payable for initial consideration

(2.0
)
Less: amounts held in escrow and liabilities assumed

(2.5
)
Net cash paid
$
14.7

~~Disposition~~

On July 22, 2018, the Company sold its Language Solutions business, which helped companies adapt their business content into different languages for specific countries, markets and regions, for net proceeds of $77.5 million in cash, all of which was received as of December 31, 2018, resulting in a gain of $53.8 million, which was recognized in other operating income in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. Language Solutions' operating results were included within the Language Solutions reporting unit within the U.S. segment as well as the International segment.

~~Note 4. Inventories~~

~~The components of the Company’s inventories, net of excess and obsolescence reserves for raw materials, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:~~

March 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Raw materials and manufacturing supplies
$
4.6

$
4.0

Work in process

10.2

8.1

Total
$
14.8

$
12.1

~~Note 5. Property, Plant and Equipment~~

~~The components of the Company’s property, plant and equipment at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:~~

March 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Land
$
10.0

$
10.0

Buildings

36.9

36.2

Machinery and equipment

113.1

106.3

160.0

152.5

Less: Accumulated depreciation

(121.9
)

(120.3
)
Total
$
38.1

$
32.2

~~Depreciation expense was $1.5 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.~~

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

Note 6.3. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

As discussed in Note 1, Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, during the first quarter of 2020, management realigned the Company’s operating segments. DFIN’s 4 operating segments are the same as its reporting units: CM-SS; CM-CCM; IC-SS; IC-CCM (“Current Structure”). The ~~changes in~~Company previously had 3 reporting units: Capital Markets, Investment Markets and International (“Previous Structure”), that each had goodwill.

As a result of the new segmentation, a goodwill impairment analysis was completed for the Previous Structure, before the reallocation of goodwill to the Current Structure. Each of the reporting units under the Previous Structure was reviewed for impairment using a quantitative assessment, where the estimated fair value of each reporting unit was compared to its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment as the estimated fair values of all reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts. In addition to the impairment analysis under the Previous Structure, a goodwill impairment analysis was completed under the Current Structure and 0 goodwill impairment was recognized as the estimated fair values of all reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts. Goodwill was reassigned to the Current Structure using a relative fair value approach.

The balances of goodwill by segment ~~for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were as follows:~~are presented below:

U.S.

International

Total

Net book value as of December 31, 2018
$
438.5

$
11.5

$
450.0

Purchase accounting adjustments

0.1

—

0.1

Foreign exchange and other adjustments

—

0.1

0.1

Net book value as of March 31, 2019
$
438.6

$
11.6

$
450.2

	March 31, 2020
Capital Markets - Software Solutions	$	103.6
Capital Markets - Compliance and Communication Management		252.5
Investment Companies - Software Solutions		53.0
Investment Companies - Compliance and Communication Management		40.6
Total	$	449.7

The components of other intangible assets at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:

March 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Gross

Gross

Carrying

Accumulated

Net Book

Carrying

Accumulated

Net Book

Amount

Amortization

Value

Amount

Amortization

Value

Customer relationships
$
149.6

$
(116.9
)

$
32.7

$
149.3

$
(113.1
)

$
36.2

Trade names

3.9

(3.0
)

0.9

3.9

(2.9
)

1.0

Total other intangible assets
$
153.5

$
(119.9
)

$
33.6

$
153.2

$
(116.0
)

$
37.2

	March 31, 2020										December 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Customer relationships (useful life of 10-15 years)	$	148.6	$	(1.0	)	$	(130.0	)	$	17.6	$	149.8	$	(1.0	)	$	(127.7	)	$	21.1
Trade names (useful life of 5 years)		3.9		—			(3.1	)		0.8		3.9		—			(3.1	)		0.8
Total other intangible assets	$	152.5	$	(1.0	)	$	(133.1	)	$	18.4	$	153.7	$	(1.0	)	$	(130.8	)	$	21.9

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was ~~$3.7~~$3.4 million and ~~$3.4~~$3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively. The weighted-average remaining useful life of the unamortized intangible assets as of March 31, 2020 is approximately seven years.

The following table outlines the estimated annual amortization expense related to other intangible ~~assets as of March 31, 2019:~~assets:

For the year ending December 31,	Amount		Amount
2019	$	14.6
2020		13.0
2020 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2020)			$	8.9
2021		0.9		0.9
2022		0.9		0.9
2023		0.9		0.9
2024 and thereafter		7.0
2024				0.7
2025 and thereafter				6.1
Total	$	37.3	$	18.4

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Note 7.4. Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires lessees to put most leases on the balance sheet but recognize expense on the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting. For lessors, ASU 2016-02 also modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the standard and all related amendments, using the optional transition method applied to leases at the adoption date. The comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The Company elected the optional package of practical expedients to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components for real estate leases. ~~As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company recognized~~ ~~a lease liability of $101.6 million and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of~~ ~~$100.8 million for operating leases at January 1, 2019.~~

The Company has operating leases for certain service centers, office space, warehouses and equipment. ~~Operating lease ROU assets~~The Company paid $6.8 million and $6.6 million related to its operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, ROU assets were adjusted for deferred rent, restructuring liabilities, prepaids and favorable/onerous lease balances as of January 1, 2019. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is used in determining the present value of future payments at the commencement date of the lease, or for the ~~adoption of ASU 2016-02, at January 1, 2019. Balances related to operating leases are included in ROU assets, accrued liabilities~~three months ended March 31, 2020 and ~~noncurrent lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.~~

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

All real estate leases are recorded on the balance sheet. Equipment and other non-real estate leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease agreements for some locations provide for rent escalations and renewal options. Lease terms include the option to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Certain real estate leases require payment for taxes, insurance and maintenance which are considered non-lease components. The Company accounts for real estate leases and the related fixed non-lease components together as a single component.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company must consider whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. Certain arrangements require significant judgment to determine if an asset is specified in the contract and if the Company directs how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract.

~~The Company has non-cancelable sublease rental arrangements which did not reduce the future maturities of the operating lease liabilities at~~ March 31, 2019, ~~and did not reduce future rental commitments at December 31, 2018.~~

respectively.

The components of lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	Three months ended			Three Months Ended March 31,
	March 31, 2019			2020			2019
Operating lease expense	$	6.8		$	6.7		$	6.8
Sublease income		(0.8	)		(1.3	)		(0.8	)
Net lease expense	$	6.0		$	5.4		$	6.0

~~Other information related to operating leases for~~The Company’s lease liabilities are presented within the ~~three months ended March 31, 2019 was~~Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

~~Lease Term and Discount Rate~~	~~March 31, 2019~~
~~Weighted average remaining lease term~~	~~5.0 years~~
~~Weighted average discount rate~~		~~4.5~~	%

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued liabilities	$	22.1	$	22.6
Noncurrent lease liabilities		57.8		57.9
Total	$	79.9	$	80.5

Three months ended

Lease Liabilities
March 31, 2019

Cash paid related to lease liabilities
$
6.6

Non-cash disclosure:

Increase in lease liabilities due to new ROU assets
$
0.2

~~Maturities of lease liabilities for operating leases as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:~~

Amount

2019 ^(a)
$
20.7

2020

24.4

2021

19.7

2022

15.4

2023

11.6

2024 and thereafter

18.2

Total lease payments

110.0

Less: Interest

(13.7
)
Present value of lease liabilities
$
96.3

~~(a)~~

~~Excluding payments for the three months ended March 31, 2019~~

As of March 31, 2019

Accrued liabilities
$
22.4

Noncurrent lease liabilities

73.9

Total
$
96.3

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Disclosures related to periods prior to adoption of ASU 2016-02~~

~~Future minimum rental commitments under non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2018 were expected to be as follows:~~

Year ended December 31
Amount

2019
$
26.4

2020

22.6

2021

16.6

2022

10.9

2023

8.7

2024 and thereafter

16.3

Total
$
101.5

~~Rent expense for facilities in use and equipment was $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.~~

Note 8.5. Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges

Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges recognized in Results of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company recorded the following net restructuring ~~impairment~~ and other charges:

Three Months Ended

Employee

Total
Restructuring

Other

March 31, 2019

Terminations

Charges

Charges

Total

U.S.

$
0.5

$
0.5

$
0.1

$
0.6

International

0.6

0.6

—

0.6

Corporate

0.9

0.9

—

0.9

Total

$
2.0

$
2.0

$
0.1

$
2.1

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020	Total Restructuring Charges		Other Charges		Total
Capital Markets - Software Solutions	$	0.3	$	—	$	0.3
Capital Markets - Compliance and Communication Management		0.4		0.1		0.5
Investment Companies - Software Solutions		0.3		—		0.3
Investment Companies - Compliance and Communication Management		0.4		—		0.4
Corporate		0.2		1.4		1.6
Total	$	1.6	$	1.5	$	3.1

Three Months Ended

Employee

Other
Restructuring

Total
Restructuring

Other

March 31, 2018

Terminations

Charges

Charges

Charges

Total

U.S.

$
0.1

$
0.5

$
0.6

$
0.1

$
0.7

International

(0.1
)

—

(0.1
)

—

(0.1
)
Corporate

0.1

—

0.1

—

0.1

Total

$
0.1

$
0.5

$
0.6

$
0.1

$
0.7

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019	Total Restructuring Charges		Other Charges		Total
Capital Markets - Software Solutions	$	0.3	$	—	$	0.3
Capital Markets - Compliance and Communication Management		0.8		0.1		0.9
Investment Companies - Software Solutions		0.1		—		0.1
Investment Companies - Compliance and Communication Management		0.4		—		0.4
Corporate		0.4		—		0.4
Total	$	2.0	$	0.1	$	2.1

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $1.6 million for employee termination costs for 51 employees, substantially all of whom were terminated as of March 31, 2020. These charges primarily related to the reorganization of certain operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company also incurred $1.5 million of other charges, primarily related to the realignment of the Company’s operating segments, as further described in Note 13, Segment Information.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $2.0 million for employee termination costs for 72 employees, ~~substantially~~ all of whom were terminated as of March 31, 2019. These charges primarily related to the reorganization of certain operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company also incurred $0.1 million for other charges associated with Company’s decision to withdraw in 2013 from certain multi-employer pension plans serving facilities that continued to operate.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $0.5 million for lease termination and other restructuring costs, $0.1 million for employee termination costs and $0.1 million for other charges associated with Company’s decision to withdraw in 2013 from certain multi-employer pension plans serving facilities that continued to operate.

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

Restructuring Reserve

The restructuring reserve as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, and changes during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, were as follows:

December 31,

Restructuring

Adoption of

Cash

March 31,

2018

Charges

Reversals

ASU 2016-02

Paid

2019

Employee terminations
$
0.4

$
2.1

$
(0.1
)

$
—

$
(1.0
)

$
1.4

Lease terminations

1.1

—

—

(1.1
)

—

—

Other

0.2

—

—

—

—

0.2

Total
$
1.7

$
2.1

$
(0.1
)

$
(1.1
)

$
(1.0
)

$
1.6

	December 31, 2019				Restructuring Charges				Reversals				Cash Paid				March 31, 2020
Employee terminations	$	1.9			$	1.7			$	(0.1	)		$	(1.6	)		$	1.9

The current portion of restructuring reserves of ~~$1.5~~$1.8 million at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 was included in accrued liabilities, while the long-term portion of $0.1 million was included in other noncurrent liabilities at March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

The Company anticipates that payments associated with the employee terminations reflected in the table above will be substantially completed by ~~September 30, 2019.~~December 31, 2020.

The restructuring liabilities classified as “lease terminations” consisted of lease terminations, other facility closing costs and contract termination costs. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, the restructuring liabilities as of January 1, 2019 were recorded as a reduction to the related ROU assets recorded on January 1, 2019. Refer to Note 7, ~~Leases, for further information.~~

Note 9.6. Retirement Plans

The components of the estimated net pension plan income for ~~DFIN’s~~the Company’s pension plans for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended March 31,
	March 31,						2020			2019
	2019			2018
Pension expense (income)
Interest cost	$	2.8		$	2.6		$	2.2		$	2.8
Expected return on assets		(3.7	)		(4.0	)		(3.5	)		(3.7	)
Amortization, net		0.4			0.6			0.8			0.4
Net pension income	$	(0.5	)	$	(0.8	)	$	(0.5	)	$	(0.5	)

Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, the Company’s customers and others file voluntary petitions for reorganization under United States bankruptcy laws. In such cases, certain pre-petition payments received by the Company from these parties could be considered preference items and subject to return. In addition, the Company may be party to certain litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that the final resolution of these preference items and litigation will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Note ~~10. Share-Based Compensation~~8. Debt

The Company’s ~~share-based compensation plan under which it may grant future awards, the 2016 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Performance Incentive Plan (“2016 PIP”), was approved by the Board~~debt as of ~~Directors to provide incentives to key employees~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of the Company. Awards under the 2016 PIP may include, cash or stock bonuses, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock or restricted stock units (“RSUs”). In addition, non-employee members of the Board of Directors may receive awards under the 2016 PIP. There were 3.5 million shares of common stock reserved and authorized for issuance under the 2016 PIP. following:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
8.25% senior notes due October 15, 2024	$	233.5		$	300.0
Borrowings under the Revolving Facility		106.0			—
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2.9	)		(4.0	)
Total long-term debt	$	336.6		$	296.0

Maturities—At March 31, ~~2019, there were no remaining shares~~2020, the Company’s long-term debt was comprised of ~~common stock authorized~~the 8.25% senior unsecured notes due October 15, 2024 (“Notes”) and ~~available for grant~~borrowings under the ~~2016 PIP.~~Revolving Facility, as defined below.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Fair Value~~Share-based compensation expense~~

~~For all share-based awards granted to employees and directors, including stock options, RSUs, performance~~—The fair value of the Notes, which was determined using the market approach based ~~restricted stock and performance share units (“PSUs”),~~upon interest rates available to the Company ~~recognizes compensation expense based on estimated grant date~~for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, was determined to be Level 2 under the fair ~~values based on certain assumptions as~~value hierarchy. The fair value of the ~~grant date. The~~Company’s Notes was $212.0 and $308.4 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

8.25% Senior Notes Due 2024—In the first quarter of 2020, the Company ~~estimates the number of awards expected to vest based, in part, on historical forfeiture rates~~purchased and also based on management’s expectations of employee turnover within the specific employee groups receiving each type of award. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company recognizes compensation costs for RSUs expected to vest, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periodretired $66.5 million (notional amount) of the ~~award,~~Notes at an average price of 95.25 and recognized a pre-tax gain on the extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million, which was net of unamortized debt issuance costs, and is ~~generally~~recorded within interest expense, net in the ~~vesting term~~Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of three years. Compensation expense for performance based restricted stock awards granted in 2016, which vest on a graded basis, is recognized utilizing a graded vesting schedule. Compensation expense for performance based restricted stock awards granted in 2017, which cliff vest, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period of the award. The Company recognizes compensation costs for PSUs, which cliff vest, on a straight-line basis over the performance period of the award. Compensation expense for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term of four years. Operations.

The ~~stock options, RSUs, performance based restricted stock~~Company’s Notes, with interest payable semi-annually on April 15 and ~~PSUs granted during 2017, 2018, and 2019 are subject~~October 15, were issued pursuant to forfeiture upon termination of employment prior to vesting, subject in some cases to early vesting upon specified events, including death or permanent disability of the grantee or a change in control of the Company. In addition, upon a change in controlan indenture where certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company ~~performance based restricted stock~~guarantee the Notes (the “Guarantors”). The Notes are jointly and ~~PSUs~~severally guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, by the Guarantors, which are comprised of each of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facilities. The Notes are not guaranteed by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries or unrestricted subsidiaries. The Notes and the related guarantees will be ~~measured at 100% attainment~~the Company and the Guarantors’, respective, senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment to all present and future senior debt, including the obligations under the Company’s Credit Facilities, senior in right of payment to all present and future subordinated debt, and effectively subordinated in right of payment to any of the ~~target performance metrics~~Company and ~~will remain~~the Guarantors’ secured debt, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt. The indenture governing the Notes contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including limitations on: (1) liens; (2) indebtedness; (3) mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; (4) sales, transfers and other dispositions of assets; (5) loans and other investments; (6) dividends and other distributions, stock repurchases and redemptions and other restricted payments; (7) restrictions affecting subsidiaries; (8) transactions with affiliates; and (9) designations of unrestricted subsidiaries. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

Credit Agreement—On September 30, 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement, as amended (“the Credit Agreement”) by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto from time ~~based vesting until~~to time and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. The Credit Agreement provides for a $350.0 million senior secured term loan B facility (the “Term Loan Credit Facility”) and a $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”, and, together with the ~~end~~Term Loan Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants, including a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and a maximum Leverage Ratio, as defined in and calculated pursuant to the ~~vesting period; provided~~Credit Agreement, that, in part, restrict the ~~award will vest~~Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in ~~full if, within three months prior~~mergers and consolidations, make restricted payments and dispose of certain assets. The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to ~~or two years after~~$20.0 million in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2019, the Company paid off its Term Loan Credit Facility.

Revolving Credit Facility—On December 18, 2018, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement which extended the maturity date of the ~~change in control~~Revolving Facility to December 18, 2023. As of March 31, 2020, there was $106.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the ~~Company,~~Revolving Facility. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the ~~grantee’s employment is terminated without cause by the Company or for good reason by the grantee.~~

~~Total compensation expense related to all share-based compensation plans~~Revolving Facility was ~~$1.5 million~~3.8% and ~~$1.8 million~~5.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively. The income tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, $22.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to share-based compensation plans is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

~~Stock Options~~

The ~~Company granted 195,500 options, with a weighted-average grant date fair market value~~following table summarizes interest expense, net included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of $4.67, during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The fair market value of each stock option award was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model and the Company used the following methods to determine its underlying assumptions:Operations:

•

~~Expected volatility was estimated based on a weighted-average of historical volatilities for the Company’s peer group~~

•

~~The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of grant~~

•

~~The expected term of options granted was based on the simplified method of using the mid-point between the vesting term and the original contractual term~~

•

~~The expected dividend yield was based on the Company’s current dividend rate~~

~~The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the weighted-average fair market value of the stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:~~

2019

2018

Expected volatility

27.47
%

27.75
%
Risk-free interest rate

2.58
%

2.71
%
Expected life (years)
6.25

6.25

Expected dividend yield

0.00
%

0.00
%

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Interest incurred	$	6.9		$	8.9
Less: Gain on debt extinguishment		(2.3	)		—
Interest expense, net	$	4.6		$	8.9

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

~~Stock option awards outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were as follows:~~

Weighted

Average

Weighted

Remaining

Aggregate

Shares Under

Average

Contractual

Intrinsic

Option

Exercise

Term

Value

(thousands)

Price

(years)

(millions)

Outstanding at December 31, 2018

635

$
21.44

7.2

$
—

Granted

196

14.15

9.9

Outstanding at March 31, 2019

831

19.85

7.7

—

Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2019

790

19.94

7.6

—

Exercisable at March 31, 2019

—

N/A

N/A

N/A

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their in-the-money options on March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. This amount will change in future periods based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock and the number of options outstanding. There were no stock option exercises during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Total intrinsic value of options exercised was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and there were no excess tax benefits on stock option exercises for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Compensation expense related to stock options was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, $2.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.1 years.

~~Restricted Stock Units~~

~~Nonvested restricted stock unit awards as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were as follows:~~

Weighted

Shares

Average Grant

(Thousands)

Date Fair Value

Nonvested at December 31, 2018

700

$
19.60

Granted

514

14.15

Vested

(251
)

Forfeited

(14
)

Nonvested at March 31, 2019

949

$
16.18

Compensation expense related to RSUs was $1.3 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, there was $12.7 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to 0.9 million restricted stock unit awards, with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $16.18, that are expected to vest over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years. The fair value of these awards was determined based on the Company’s stock price on the grant date, as the Company currently does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

~~Restricted Stock~~

There were no restricted stock awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Compensation expense for the restricted stock awards is currently being recognized based on 95% attainment of the targeted performance metrics for the restricted stock awards granted in 2017 and is being recognized based on 100% actual achievement of the performance metrics for the restricted stock awards granted in 2016. The total potential payout for awards granted during 2017 ranges from zero to 129,400 shares, should certain performance targets be achieved. The maximum payout of 156,169 shares was achieved as of December 31, 2017 for the restricted stock awards granted during 2016, of which 50% vested during the fourth quarter of 2018. Compensation expense for restricted stock awards was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, there was $0.8 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.7 years.

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Performance Share Units~~

~~Nonvested performance share units as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were as follows:~~

Weighted

Shares

Average Grant

(Thousands)

Date Fair Value

Nonvested at December 31, 2018

251

$
18.23

Granted

329

14.15

Nonvested at March 31, 2019

580

$
15.91

During the three months March 31, 2019, 329,400 PSUs were granted to certain executive officers and senior management, payable upon the achievement of certain established performance targets. The performance period for the shares awarded is January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2021. Distributions under the 2019 awards are payable at the end of the performance period in either common stock or cash at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors; provided that distribution greater than 75% in common stock is contingent upon the stockholders of the Company approving an increase in the number of shares authorized and available to issue under the 2016 PIP during the 2019 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be held in May 2019. The Company accounts for the March 2019 PSU grants as equity awards and will continue to assess the classification as an equity award throughout the life of the award. The total potential payout for awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 ranges from zero to 497,800 shares, should certain performance targets be achieved. The fair value of these awards was determined based on the Company’s stock price on the grant date.

Compensation expense for the PSUs granted in 2019, 2018, and 2017 is currently being recognized based on 100%, 48% and 95% attainment of the targeted performance metrics or 329,400, 105,696 and 28,880 shares, net of forfeitures, for each respective period. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized a $0.3 million reversal of compensation expense related to PSUs due to a change in the estimated attainment of the 2018 and 2017 awards. Compensation expense related to PSUs was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2019, there was $5.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to PSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years.

Note ~~11.~~9. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In computing diluted earnings per share, basic earnings per share is adjusted for the assumed issuance of all potentially dilutive share-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units, performance share units and restricted stock.

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings (loss) ~~earnings~~ per share calculation and the anti-dilutive share-based awards for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended March 31,
	March 31,					2020		2019
	2019			2018
Net (loss) earnings per share:
Net earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.04	)	$	0.23	$	0.12	$	(0.04	)
Diluted	$	(0.04	)	$	0.23	$	0.12	$	(0.04	)
Numerator:
Net (loss) earnings	$	(1.4	)	$	7.7
Net earnings (loss)						$	4.1	$	(1.4	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		34.0			33.7		34.2		34.0
Dilutive awards		—			0.2		0.1		—
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding		34.0			33.9		34.3		34.0
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive share-based awards:
Restricted stock units		0.1			0.1		0.9		0.1
Stock options		0.7			0.5		0.8		0.7
Total		0.8			0.6		1.7		0.8

Note 10. Share-Based Compensation

The Company’s share-based compensation plan under which it may grant future awards, the Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Amended and Restated 2016 Performance Incentive Plan (“2016 PIP”), was approved by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) and the Company’s shareholders on May 18, 2017, and provides incentives to key employees of the Company. Awards under the 2016 PIP may include cash or stock bonuses, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance share units (“PSUs”), performance cash awards or restricted stock units (“RSUs”). In addition, non-employee members of the Board may receive awards under the 2016 PIP. On May 30, 2019, the Company’s shareholders voted to approve 3.4 million additional shares of common stock for issuance under the 2016 PIP. At March 31, 2020, there were 1.8 million remaining shares of common stock authorized and available for grant under the 2016 PIP.

The Company recognizes compensation expense for the share-based awards based on estimated grant date fair values as well as certain assumptions, as further disclosed in Note 18, Share-Based Compensation, of the Company’s Annual Report.

Total compensation expense related to all share-based compensation plans was $2.3 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The income tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, $20.8 million of total unrecognized expense related to share-based compensation awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Stock Options

There were 0 stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020. A summary of activity and weighted average exercise prices related to the stock options were as follows:

	Shares Under Option (thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		796		$	19.83
Cancelled/forfeited/expired		(52	)		33.52
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		744		$	18.89
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2020		728		$	18.93
Vested at March 31, 2020		416		$	20.45

As of March 31, 2020, $1.7 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units

RSU awards as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020, were as follows:

	Shares (thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2019		870		$	15.79
Granted		911			8.98
Vested		(296	)		17.33
Forfeited		(23	)		12.15
Nonvested at March 31, 2020		1,462		$	11.30

As of March 31, 2020, $13.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

Performance Share Units

PSU awards as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020, were as follows:

	Shares (thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2019		537		$	15.81
Granted		346			8.98
Vested		(25	)		21.40
Nonvested at March 31, 2020		858		$	12.91

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 345,900 PSUs were granted to certain executive officers and senior management, payable upon the achievement of certain established performance targets. The total potential payout for awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020, ranges from 0 to 691,800 shares.

Compensation expense related to PSUs granted in 2020, 2019, and 2018 is recognized based on 100%, 66% 43% attainment of the targeted performance metrics or approximately 346,000, 199,000, and 89,000 shares, for each respective period. As of March 31, 2020, $5.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to PSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Note 11. Capital Stock

The Company has 65 million shares of $0.01 par value common stock for issuance. DFIN’s common stock is currently traded under the ticker symbol “DFIN” on the New York Stock Exchange.

The Company has 1 million shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock authorized for issuance. The Board may divide the preferred stock into one or more series and fix the redemption, dividend, voting, conversion, sinking fund, liquidation and other rights. The Company has no present plans to issue any preferred stock.

Common Stock Repurchase—On February 4, 2020, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program, under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $25.0 million of its outstanding common stock from time to time in one or more transactions on the open market or in privately negotiated purchases in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations and all repurchases in the open market will be made in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The timing and amount of any shares repurchased will be determined by the Company based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors. Repurchases may also be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, which would permit shares to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so under insider trading laws. The stock repurchase program will be effective through December 31, 2021, however, it may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company repurchased 615,896 shares in open market transactions for $3.8 million at an average price of $6.19 per share. As of March 31, 2020, the remaining authorized amount under the current authorization was approximately $21.2 million.

Note 12. Comprehensive Income

The components of other comprehensive income and income tax expense allocated to each component for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2019

Before Tax

Income Tax

Net of Tax

Amount

Expense

Amount

Translation adjustments
$
2.2

$
—

$
2.2

Adjustment for net periodic pension plan and other postretirement benefits plan cost

0.6

0.2

0.4

Other comprehensive income
$
2.8

$
0.2

$
2.6

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Before Tax Amount			Income Tax Expense		Net of Tax Amount
Translation adjustments	$	(2.8	)	$	—	$	(2.8	)
Adjustment for net periodic pension plan and other postretirement benefits plan		0.8			0.2		0.6
Other comprehensive loss	$	(2.0	)	$	0.2	$	(2.2	)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018
	Before Tax		Income Tax		Net of Tax		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Amount		Expense		Amount		Before Tax Amount		Income Tax Expense		Net of Tax Amount
Translation adjustments	$	0.7	$	—	$	0.7	$	2.2	$	—	$	2.2
Adjustment for net periodic pension plan and other postretirement benefits plan cost		0.6		0.1		0.5
Adjustment for net periodic pension plan and other postretirement benefits plan								0.6		0.2		0.4
Other comprehensive income	$	1.3	$	0.1	$	1.2	$	2.8	$	0.2	$	2.6

Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and March 31, ~~2019~~2020 were as follows:

	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan Cost			Translation Adjustments			Total			Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan Cost			Translation Adjustments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(66.0	)	$	(16.7	)	$	(82.7	)
Balance at December 31, 2019										$	(70.9	)	$	(13.7	)	$	(84.6	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		0.1			2.2			2.3			—			(2.8	)		(2.8	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		0.3			—			0.3			0.6			—			0.6
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss		0.4			2.2			2.6			0.6			(2.8	)		(2.2	)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(65.6	)	$	(14.5	)	$	(80.1	)
Balance at March 31, 2020										$	(70.3	)	$	(16.5	)	$	(86.8	)

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and March 31, ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:

	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan Cost			Translation Adjustments			Total			Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan Cost			Translation Adjustments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(52.9	)	$	(11.7	)	$	(64.6	)
Balance at December 31, 2018										$	(66.0	)	$	(16.7	)	$	(82.7	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		—			0.7			0.7			0.1			2.2			2.3
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		0.5			—			0.5			0.3			—			0.3
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss		0.5			0.7			1.2			0.4			2.2			2.6
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	(52.4	)	$	(11.0	)	$	(63.4	)
Balance at March 31, 2019										$	(65.6	)	$	(14.5	)	$	(80.1	)

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Classification in the Condensed
	March 31,				Consolidated	Three Months Ended March 31,				Classification in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2019		2018		Statements of Operations	2020		2019
Amortization of pension and other postretirement benefits plan cost:
Net actuarial loss	$	0.4	$	0.6	_(a)	$	0.8	$	0.4	_(a)
Reclassifications before tax		0.4		0.6			0.8		0.4
Income tax expense		0.1		0.1			0.2		0.1
Reclassifications, net of tax	$	0.3	$	0.5		$	0.6	$	0.3

_____________

(a)

~~This~~These accumulated other comprehensive loss ~~component is~~components are included in the calculation of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits plan income recognized in investment and other income, net in the ~~unaudited condensed consolidated statements~~Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~operations~~Operations (see Note 9,6, Retirement Plans).

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Note 13. Segment Information

In the first quarter of 2020, management realigned the Company’s operating segments to reflect changes in the manner in which the chief operating decision maker assesses information for decision-making purposes. All prior year amounts related to segments have been reclassified to conform to the Company’s current reporting structure. There is no impact on the Company’s previously reported consolidated statements of operations, statements of comprehensive income, balance sheets, statements of cash flows or statements of changes in stockholders’ equity as a result of the new segmentation.

The Company operates its business through 4 operating and reportable segments: Capital Markets – Software Solutions, Capital Markets – Compliance and Communications Management, Investment Companies – Software Solutions, and Investment Companies – Compliance and Communications Management. Corporate is not an operating segment and consists primarily of unallocated SG&A activities and associated expenses, as further described below.

Capital Markets

The Company provides software solutions, technology-enabled services and print and distribution solutions to public and private companies for deal solutions and compliance to companies that are or preparing to become subject to the filing and reporting requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. Capital markets’ clients leverage the Company’s software offerings, proprietary technology, deep industry expertise and experience to successfully navigate the SEC’s specified file formats when submitting compliance documents through the EDGAR system for their transactional and ongoing compliance needs. The Company assists its capital markets clients throughout the course of public and private business transactions; mergers and acquisitions, initial public offerings (“IPOs”), debt offerings and other similar transactions. In addition, the Company provides clients with compliance solutions to prepare their ongoing required Exchange Act filings that are compatible with the SEC’s EDGAR system, most notably Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, Form 8-K and Proxy Form DEF 14A. The Company’s operating segments associated with its capital markets services and products offerings are ~~summarized below:~~as follows:

~~United States~~Capital Markets – Software Solutions—The Company provides software solutions to public and private companies to help manage public and private transaction processes; extract data and analyze contracts; collaborate; and tag, validate and file SEC documents.

Capital Markets – Compliance & Communications Management—The Company provides technology-enabled services and print and distribution solutions to public and private companies for deal solutions and SEC compliance requirements.

Investment Companies

The ~~U.S. segment serves capital market~~Company provides software solutions, technology-enabled services and print, distribution and fulfillment solutions to its investment ~~market~~companies clients inthat are subject to the ~~U.S. by delivering products~~filing and ~~services~~reporting requirements of the Investment Act, primarily mutual fund companies, alternative investment companies, insurance companies and third-party fund administrators. The Company’s suite of solutions enables its investment company clients to ~~help~~comply with applicable ongoing SEC regulations, as well as to create, manage, and deliver accurate and timely financial communications to investors and regulators. The Company also provides ~~virtual data rooms~~pre- and post-enrollment information to ~~facilitate~~healthcare providers. Investment company clients leverage the ~~deal management requirements of capital markets~~Company’s proprietary technology, deep industry expertise and ~~mergers~~experience to successfully navigate the SEC’s specified file formats when submitting compliance documents through the EDGAR system. The Company’s operating segments associated with its investment companies services and ~~acquisitions transactions,~~products offerings are as follows:

Investment Companies – Software Solutions—The Company provides software solutions that enable clients to store and manage compliance and regulatory information in a self-service, central repository for documents to be easily accessed, assembled, edited, translated, rendered and submitted to regulators.

Investment Companies – Compliance & Communications Management—The Company provides ~~data~~its investment company clients technology-enabled solutions to prepare and ~~analytics services that help professionals uncover intelligence from disclosures contained within public~~file registration forms, as well as XBRL-formatted filings ~~made with~~pursuant to the ~~SEC. The U.S. segment also includes commercial print.~~Investment Act, through the SEC’s EDGAR system. In addition, the ~~U.S. segment included language~~Company provides print and distribution solutions ~~capabilities, through which the Company translated documents and created content in up to 140 different languages~~ for its clients.*clients to communicate with their investors.

~~International~~22

Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“DFIN”)

~~The International segment includes~~Notes to the ~~Company’s operations~~ Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in Asia, Europe, Canada and Latin America. The international business is primarily focused on working with international capital markets clients on capital markets offerings and regulatory compliance related activities into or within the United States. In addition, the international segment provided language translation services and shareholder communication services to investment market clients.*millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

*The Company sold its Language Solutions business on July 22, 2018. Refer to Note 3, ~~Acquisitions and Dispositions, for further information.~~

Corporate

Corporate consists of unallocated ~~general and administrative~~SG&A activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, marketing, communications and certain facility costs. In addition, certain costs and earnings of employee benefit plans, such as pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense (income) and ~~allocated costs for~~ share-based compensation, are included in Corporate and are not allocated to the operating segments.

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

Information by Segment

The Company has disclosed income (loss) from operations as the primary measure of segment earnings (loss). This is the measure of profitability used by the Company’s chief operating ~~decision-maker~~decision maker and is most consistent with the presentation of profitability reported within the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Income (Loss)

Depreciation

Total

Intersegment

Net

from

Assets of

and

Capital

Sales

Sales

Sales

Operations

Operations

Amortization

Expenditures

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019

U.S.
$
204.9

$
(2.1
)

$
202.8

$
21.3

$
801.6

$
10.3

$
15.0

International

27.3

(0.5
)

26.8

(3.3
)

92.5

1.6

—

Total operating segments

232.2

(2.6
)

229.6

18.0

894.1

11.9

15.0

Corporate

—

—

—

(11.4
)

108.3

0.2

0.1

Total operations
$
232.2

$
(2.6
)

$
229.6

$
6.6

$
1,002.4

$
12.1

$
15.1

Income (Loss)

Depreciation

Total

Intersegment

Net

from

Assets of

and

Capital

Sales

Sales

Sales

Operations

Operations

Amortization

Expenditures

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018

U.S.
$
214.6

$
(1.5
)

$
213.1

$
26.4

$
714.8

$
8.9

$
6.1

International

42.7

(0.6
)

42.1

2.5

95.9

1.4

0.1

Total operating segments

257.3

(2.1
)

255.2

28.9

810.7

10.3

6.2

Corporate

—

—

—

(9.5
)

104.5

0.1

0.2

Total operations
$
257.3

$
(2.1
)

$
255.2

$
19.4

$
915.2

$
10.4

$
6.4

	Total Net Sales		Income (Loss) from Operations			Assets⁽¹⁾		Depreciation and Amortization		Capital Expenditures
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Capital Markets - Software Solutions	$	31.2	$	1.8		$	163.9	$	3.1	$	3.3
Capital Markets - Compliance and Communication Management		99.1		21.4			447.6		4.0		0.2
Investment Companies - Software Solutions		16.1		0.1			98.3		2.9		2.8
Investment Companies - Compliance and Communication Management		74.3		2.1			141.7		2.4		—
Total operating segments		220.7		25.4			851.5		12.4		6.3
Corporate		—		(13.5	)		83.3		—		0.6
Total	$	220.7	$	11.9		$	934.8	$	12.4	$	6.9

	Total Net Sales		Income (Loss) from Operations			Assets⁽¹⁾		Depreciation and Amortization		Capital Expenditures
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Capital Markets - Software Solutions	$	30.5	$	0.1		$	160.8	$	3.1	$	3.3
Capital Markets - Compliance and Communication Management		102.0		14.7			484.1		3.5		1.7
Investment Companies - Software Solutions		14.2		(3.7	)		105.9		3.4		4.1
Investment Companies - Compliance and Communication Management		82.9		6.7			160.7		2.1		5.9
Total operating segments		229.6		17.8			911.5		12.1		15.0
Corporate		—		(11.2	)		90.9		—		0.1
Total	$	229.6	$	6.6		$	1,002.4	$	12.1	$	15.1

~~Note 14. Debt~~__________________________

(1)	Certain assets are recorded within a segment based on predominant usage, however as they benefit more than one segment, the related operating expenses are allocated between segments.

~~The Company’s debt as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018~~Corporate assets primarily consisted of the ~~following:~~following items:

March 31,

December 31,

2019

2018

8.25% senior notes due October 15, 2024
$
300.0

$
300.0

Term Loan Credit Facility

71.4

71.3

Borrowings under the Revolving Facility

48.5

—

Unamortized debt issuance costs

(8.2
)

(8.6
)
Total debt

411.7

362.7

Less: current portion

—

—

Long-term debt
$
411.7

$
362.7

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7.7	$	17.2
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		14.4		11.7
Right-of-use assets		11.0		11.5
Deferred income taxes, net of valuation allowance		9.1		9.0
Other noncurrent assets		34.4		34.2

The fair value of the senior notes, which was determined using the market approach based upon interest rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, was determined to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s senior notes was $303.4 million and $298.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

~~The Company has a Credit Agreement (“the Credit Agreement”) which provides for a $350.0~~ ~~million senior secured term loan B facility (the “Term Loan Credit Facility”) and a $300.0~~ million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”, and, together with the Term Loan Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants, including a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and a maximum Leverage Ratio, as defined in and calculated pursuant to the Credit Agreement, that, in part, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers and consolidations, make restricted payments and dispose of certain assets. The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $~~20.0~~ ~~million in the aggregate.~~

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

On December 18, 2018, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement which extended the maturity date of the Revolving Facility to December 18, 2023, reduced the interest rate margin percentages and facility fees applicable to the Revolving Facility, increased the allowable annual dividends from $15.0 million to $20.0 million in the aggregate and modified the financial maintenance and negative covenants in the Credit Agreement. ~~As of March 31, 2019, there was $48.5 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Facility.~~

~~The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the Revolving Facility was 5.1% and 4.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.~~

The Company’s 8.25% senior unsecured notes due October 15, 2024 (the “Notes”) were issued pursuant to an indenture where certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company guarantee the Notes (the “Guarantors”). The Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, by the Guarantors, which are comprised of each of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facilities. The Notes are not guaranteed by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries or unrestricted subsidiaries. The Notes and the related guarantees will be the Company and the Guarantors’, respective, senior unsecured obligations and will rank equally in right of payment to all present and future senior debt, including the obligations under the Company’s Credit Facilities, senior in right of payment to all present and future subordinated debt, and effectively subordinated in right of payment to any of the Company and the Guarantors’ secured debt, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt. The indenture governing the Notes contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including limitations on: (1) liens; (2) indebtedness; (3) mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; (4) sales, transfers and other dispositions of assets; (5) loans and other investments; (6) dividends and other distributions, stock repurchases and redemptions and other restricted payments; (7) restrictions affecting subsidiaries; (8) transactions with affiliates; and (9) designations of unrestricted subsidiaries. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

~~Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies~~

~~Litigation~~

~~Note 16. New Accounting Pronouncements~~

~~Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements~~

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which requires lessees to put most leases on the balance sheet but recognize expense on the income statement in a manner similar to the former accounting standard. The Company adopted the standard and all related amendments on January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method. ~~The comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Refer to Note 7,~~ ~~Leases, for further information.~~

~~Note 17. Guarantor Financial Information~~

~~As described in Note 14,~~ ~~Debt~~, on September 30, 2016, the Company issued the Notes. The Guarantors of the Notes, Donnelley Financial, LLC and DFS International Holding, Inc., entered into an agreement pursuant to which each agreed to guarantee the Company’s obligations under the Notes. All guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The Guarantors are 100% directly owned subsidiaries of the Company.

The guarantee of the Notes by a subsidiary guarantor will be automatically released under certain situations, including upon the sale or disposition of such subsidiary guarantor to a person that is not DFIN or a subsidiary guarantor of the Notes, the liquidation or dissolution of such subsidiary guarantor, and if such subsidiary guarantor is released from its guarantee obligations under the Company’s Credit Facilities.

The following tables set forth condensed consolidating statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, condensed consolidating statements of financial position as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and condensed consolidating statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The principal consolidating adjustments are to eliminate the investment in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions. For purposes of the tables below, the Company is referred to as “Parent” and the Guarantors are referred to as “Guarantor Subsidiaries.”

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations~~

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019~~

Parent

Guarantor Subsidiaries

Non-guarantor Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

Services net sales
$
—

$
109.8

$
19.6

$
(1.5
)

$
127.9

Products net sales

—

95.1

7.7

(1.1
)

101.7

Total net sales

—

204.9

27.3

(2.6
)

229.6

Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

—

62.6

14.1

(1.3
)

75.4

Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

—

73.1

6.7

(1.3
)

78.5

Total cost of sales

—

135.7

20.8

(2.6
)

153.9

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

—

47.2

7.7

—

54.9

Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net

—

1.5

0.6

—

2.1

Depreciation and amortization

—

10.5

1.6

—

12.1

Income (loss) from operations

—

10.0

(3.4
)

—

6.6

Interest expense (income)-net

9.2

—

(0.3
)

—

8.9

Intercompany interest (income) expense - net

(5.8
)

5.8

—

—

—

Investment and other income-net

—

(0.6
)

—

—

(0.6
)
(Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiaries

(3.4
)

4.8

(3.1
)

—

(1.7
)
Income tax (benefit) expense

(0.6
)

0.9

(0.6
)

—

(0.3
)
(Loss) earnings before equity in net income of subsidiaries

(2.8
)

3.9

(2.5
)

—

(1.4
)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries

1.4

(2.5
)

—

1.1

—

Net (loss) earnings
$
(1.4
)

$
1.4

$
(2.5
)

$
1.1

$
(1.4
)
Comprehensive (loss) income
$
1.2

$
3.9

$
(0.3
)

$
(3.6
)

$
1.2

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations~~

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018~~

Parent

Guarantor Subsidiaries

Non-guarantor Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

Services net sales
$
—

$
128.7

$
32.1

$
(1.3
)

$
159.5

Products net sales

—

85.9

10.6

(0.8
)

95.7

Total net sales

—

214.6

42.7

(2.1
)

255.2

Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

—

67.5

19.6

(1.2
)

85.9

Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

—

65.1

8.5

(0.9
)

72.7

Total cost of sales

—

132.6

28.1

(2.1
)

158.6

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

—

55.3

10.8

—

66.1

Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net

—

0.8

(0.1
)

—

0.7

Depreciation and amortization

—

9.0

1.4

—

10.4

Income from operations

—

16.9

2.5

—

19.4

Interest expense (income)-net

9.2

(0.2
)

—

—

9.0

Intercompany interest (income) expense-net

(6.6
)

6.6

—

—

—

Investment and other income-net

—

(0.8
)

—

—

(0.8
)
(Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiaries

(2.6
)

11.3

2.5

—

11.2

Income tax (benefit) expense

(0.8
)

3.5

0.8

—

3.5

(Loss) earnings before equity in net income of subsidiaries

(1.8
)

7.8

1.7

—

7.7

Equity in net income of subsidiaries

9.5

1.7

—

(11.2
)

—

Net earnings
$
7.7

$
9.5

$
1.7

$
(11.2
)

$
7.7

Comprehensive income
$
8.9

$
10.8

$
2.4

$
(13.2
)

$
8.9

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet~~

~~As of March 31, 2019~~

Parent

Guarantor Subsidiaries

Non-guarantor Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents
$
0.2

$
3.0

$
7.3

$
—

$
10.5

Receivables, less allowances

—

203.2

32.4

—

235.6

Intercompany receivables

—

42.4

—

(42.4
)

—

Intercompany short-term note receivable-net

—

—

30.4

(30.4
)

—

Inventories

—

11.9

2.9

—

14.8

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

2.2

15.0

3.6

—

20.8

Total current assets

2.4

275.5

76.6

(72.8
)

281.7

Property, plant and equipment-net

—

35.4

2.7

—

38.1

Right-of-use assets

—

73.2

22.3

—

95.5

Software-net

—

49.9

—

—

49.9

Goodwill

—

438.6

11.6

—

450.2

Other intangible assets-net

—

29.6

4.0

—

33.6

Deferred income taxes

—

11.1

2.9

(1.7
)

12.3

Intercompany long-term note receivable

298.0

—

—

(298.0
)

—

Other noncurrent assets

3.7

33.3

4.1

—

41.1

Investments in consolidated subsidiaries

413.8

70.6

—

(484.4
)

—

Total assets
$
717.9

$
1,017.2

$
124.2

$
(856.9
)

$
1,002.4

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Accounts payable
$
—

$
86.0

$
12.0

$
—

$
98.0

Intercompany payables

39.1

—

3.3

(42.4
)

—

Intercompany short-term note payable-net

30.0

0.4

—

(30.4
)

—

Accrued liabilities

6.9

87.7

19.1

—

113.7

Total current liabilities

76.0

174.1

34.4

(72.8
)

211.7

Long-term debt

411.7

—

—

—

411.7

Intercompany long-term note payable

—

298.0

—

(298.0
)

—

Deferred compensation liabilities

—

19.8

—

—

19.8

Pension and other postretirement benefits plan liabilities

—

49.1

1.0

—

50.1

Noncurrent lease liabilities

—

56.5

17.4

—

73.9

Other noncurrent liabilities

2.7

5.9

0.8

(1.7
)

7.7

Total liabilities

490.4

603.4

53.6

(372.5
)

774.9

Total equity

227.5

413.8

70.6

(484.4
)

227.5

Total liabilities and equity
$
717.9

$
1,017.2

$
124.2

$
(856.9
)

$
1,002.4

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet~~

~~As of December 31, 2018~~

Parent

Guarantor Subsidiaries

Non-guarantor Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents
$
24.9

$
5.0

$
17.4

$
—

$
47.3

Receivables, less allowances

—

141.6

31.3

—

172.9

Intercompany receivables

—

123.6

—

(123.6
)

—

Intercompany short-term note receivable-net

—

—

60.5

(60.5
)

—

Inventories

—

10.4

1.7

—

12.1

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

—

13.5

3.2

—

16.7

Total current assets

24.9

294.1

114.1

(184.1
)

249.0

Property, plant and equipment-net

—

29.3

2.9

—

32.2

Software-net

—

47.8

—

—

47.8

Goodwill

—

438.5

11.5

—

450.0

Other intangible assets-net

—

32.6

4.6

—

37.2

Deferred income taxes

—

37.2

2.4

(29.9
)

9.7

Intercompany long-term note receivable

298.0

—

—

(298.0
)

—

Other noncurrent assets

3.6

35.1

4.1

—

42.8

Investments in consolidated subsidiaries

445.9

106.0

—

(551.9
)

—

Total assets
$
772.4

$
1,020.6

$
139.6

$
(1,063.9
)

$
868.7

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Accounts payable
$
—

$
61.0

$
11.4

$
—

$
72.4

Intercompany payables

120.9

—

2.7

(123.6
)

—

Intercompany short-term note payable-net

60.0

0.5

—

(60.5
)

—

Accrued liabilities

0.1

109.2

16.7

—

126.0

Total current liabilities

181.0

170.7

30.8

(184.1
)

198.4

Long-term debt

362.7

—

—

—

362.7

Intercompany long-term note payable

—

298.0

—

(298.0
)

—

Deferred compensation liabilities

—

19.5

—

—

19.5

Pension and other postretirement benefits plan liabilities

—

50.3

1.0

—

51.3

Other noncurrent liabilities

2.7

36.2

1.8

(29.9
)

10.8

Total liabilities

546.4

574.7

33.6

(512.0
)

642.7

Total equity

226.0

445.9

106.0

(551.9
)

226.0

Total liabilities and equity
$
772.4

$
1,020.6

$
139.6

$
(1,063.9
)

$
868.7

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows~~

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019~~

Parent

Guarantor Subsidiaries

Non-guarantor Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
$
(41.8
)

$
15.1

$
(6.6
)

$
(35.0
)

$
(68.3
)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Capital expenditures

—

(15.1
)

—

—

(15.1
)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired

—

(2.2
)

—

—

(2.2
)
Intercompany note receivable, net

—

—

30.0

(30.0
)

—

Other investing activities

—

0.2

—

—

0.2

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

—

(17.1
)

30.0

(30.0
)

(17.1
)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Revolving facility borrowings

178.5

—

—

—

178.5

Payments on revolving facility borrowings

(130.0
)

—

—

—

(130.0
)
Intercompany note payable, net

(30.0
)

—

—

30.0

—

Dividends paid to Parent

—

—

(35.0
)

35.0

—

Treasury stock repurchases

(1.2
)

—

—

—

(1.2
)
Debt issuance costs

(0.2
)

—

—

—

(0.2
)
Net cash provided by financing activities

17.1

—

(35.0
)

65.0

47.1

Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents

—

—

1.5

—

1.5

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

(24.7
)

(2.0
)

(10.1
)

—

(36.8
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

24.9

5.0

17.4

—

47.3

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
0.2

$
3.0

$
7.3

$
—

$
10.5

~~Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.~~

~~Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

~~Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows~~

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018~~

Parent

Guarantor Subsidiaries

Non-guarantor Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net cash used in operating activities
$
(30.7
)

$
(18.1
)

$
(4.8
)

$
—

$
(53.6
)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Capital expenditures

—

(6.3
)

(0.1
)

—

(6.4
)
Intercompany note receivable, net

—

—

(2.0
)

2.0

—

Net cash used in investing activities

—

(6.3
)

(2.1
)

2.0

(6.4
)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Revolving facility borrowings

88.0

—

—

—

88.0

Payments on revolving facility borrowings

(68.0
)

—

—

—

(68.0
)
Intercompany note payable, net

2.0

—

—

(2.0
)

—

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock

1.2

—

—

—

1.2

Treasury stock repurchases

(0.8
)

—

—

—

(0.8
)
Net cash provided by financing activities

22.4

—

—

(2.0
)

20.4

Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents

—

—

(0.3
)

—

(0.3
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

(8.3
)

(24.4
)

(7.2
)

—

(39.9
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

8.3

27.9

15.8

—

52.0

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
—

$
3.5

$
8.6

$
—

$
12.1

Supplemental non-cash disclosure:

Intercompany debt allocation
$
(376.0)

$
376.0

$
—

$
—

$
—

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

~~Company Overview~~

As used in this management’s discussion and analysis, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, the “Company,” “DFIN,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. ~~(“DFIN,” or~~and its consolidated subsidiaries. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the ~~“Company”)~~Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as well as the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Company Overview

DFIN is a leading global risk and compliance solutions company. The Company provides regulatory filing and deal solutions via its ~~software-as-a-service (“SaaS”),~~software technology-enabled services and print and distribution solutions to public and private companies, mutual funds and other regulated investment firms, to serve ~~their~~its clients’ regulatory and compliance needs. DFIN helps its clients comply with applicable regulations where and how they want to work in a digital world, providing numerous solutions tailored to each client’s precise needs. The prevailing trend is toward clients choosing to utilize the Company’s software solutions, in conjunction with its tech-enabled services, to meet their document and filing needs, while at the same time shifting away from physical print and distribution of documents, except for cases where it is still regulatorily required or requested by shareholders.

For corporate clients within its capital markets offerings, the Company offers ~~technology-enabled filing~~ solutions that allow U.S. public companies to comply with applicable U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) ~~regulations. The Company’s services include~~regulations including filing agent services, digital document creation and online content management tools that support their corporate financial transactions and regulatory ~~reporting. The Company provides~~reporting; solutions to facilitate clients’ communications with their shareholders; and virtual data rooms and other deal management solutions. For the investment ~~markets,~~companies, including ~~alternative investment~~mutual fund and ~~insurance~~alternative investment companies, the Company provides ~~technology-enabled filing~~ solutions ~~including cloud-based tools~~ for creating and filing high-quality regulatory documents ~~and~~as well as solutions for investors designed to improve the speed ~~of access to~~ and accuracy of their access to investment information. ~~Throughout a company’s life cycle, the~~The Company serves its clients’ regulatory and compliance ~~needs. The Company’s deep industry~~needs throughout their respective life cycles.

Technological advancements, regulatory changes, and ~~regulatory expertise and a commitment to exceptional service guides our clients to navigate a high-stakes and ever-changing regulatory environment.~~

~~Segments~~

~~The Company operates in two business segments:~~

•

~~United States~~. The U.S. segment is comprised of three reporting units: capital markets; investment markets; and language solutions, which was divested in 2018.* The Company services capital market and investment market clients in the U.S. by delivering products and technology-enabled services to help create, manage and deliver financial communications to investors and regulators. The Company provides capital market and investment market clients with communication tools, services and software to allow them to comply with their ongoing regulatory filings. In addition, the U.S. segment provides clients with communications services to create, manage and deliver registration statements, prospectuses, proxies and other communications to regulators and investors. The U.S. segment also includes commercial printing capabilities and language solutions.*

•

~~International~~. The International segment includes operations in Asia, Europe, Canada and Latin America. The international business is primarily focused on working with international capital markets clients on capital markets offerings and regulatory compliance related activities within the United States. In addition, the International segment provides services to international investment market clients to allow them to comply with applicable SEC regulations, as well as language solutions to international clients.*

*The Company sold its Language Solutions business on July 22, 2018. Refer to Note 3, ~~Acquisitions and Dispositions~~, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Due to the sale of the Language Solutions business, the Company made changes to the reporting units within the U.S. segment. The former Language Solutions and other reporting unit has been renamed “Language Solutions.” Certain results previously included within the former Language Solutions and other reporting unit are now included within the Investment Markets reporting unit. Prior year amountsevolving workflow preferences, have ~~been restated to conform~~led to the Company’s ~~current reporting unit structure.~~

The Company reports certain unallocated general and administrative activities and associated expenses within “Corporate”, including, in part, executive, legal, finance, marketing and certain facility costs. In addition, certain costs and earningsclients managing more of ~~employee benefit plans, such as pension income and share-based compensation, are included in Corporate and are not allocated to~~ the ~~reportable segments.~~

~~For~~financial disclosure process themselves, changing the marketplace for the Company’s ~~financial results~~services and products. DFIN’s strategy in its Software Solutions segments (CM-SS and IC-SS, as defined below) aligns with the ~~presentation of certain other financial information~~changing marketplace by ~~segment, see Note 13,~~ ~~Segment Information, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

~~Products and Services~~

The Company separately reports its net sales and related cost of sales for its products and services offerings. The Company’s services offerings consist of document composition, compliance related EDGAR filing services, transaction solutions, language solutions, andfocusing the Company’s ~~SaaS~~investments and resources in its advanced software solutions, ~~including Venue~~primarily ActiveDisclosure, FundSuiteArc and Venue® Virtual Data Room (“Venue”), ~~FundSuiteArc, ActiveDisclosure~~while making targeted investments, such as the Company’s acquisition of eBrevia to further broaden its solution set. In its Compliance & Communications Management segments (CM-CCM and ~~EDGAR Online, among others. The~~IC-CCM, as defined below), the Company’s ~~product offerings primarily consist~~strategy focuses on maintaining its market-leading position by offering a high-touch, service-oriented experience, using its unique combination of ~~conventional~~tech-enabled services and ~~digital printed products and related shipping costs.~~

~~Executive Overview~~

~~First Quarter Overview~~

Net sales decreased by $25.6 million, or 10.0%, for the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, including a $1.1 million, or 0.4%, decrease due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Net sales decreased $18.8 million due to the impact of the sale of the Language Solutions business. In addition, net sales decreased due to lower capital markets transactions, primarily driven by the U.S. government shutdown in January 2019. The decrease in net sales was partially offset by higher volumes in mutual fund print and ~~growth in SaaS solutions, primarily in ActiveDisclosure and FundSuiteArc.~~distribution capabilities.

~~On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted~~ Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”) and all related amendments, which require lessees to put most leases on the balance sheet but recognize expense on the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of applying the standard as an opening transition adjustment. The comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company recognized ~~a lease liability of $101.6 million and a right-of-use asset of~~ ~~$100.8 million for operating leases at January 1, 2019. Refer to Note 7,~~ ~~Leases, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.~~

~~OUTLOOK~~

~~Competition~~

Technological and regulatory changes, including the electronic distribution of documents, continue to impact the market for our products and services. In addition to the Company’s ongoing innovation in its SaaS solutions, one of the Company’s competitive strengths is that it offers a wide array of communications products, compliance services, a global platform, exceptional sales and service and regulatory domain expertise, which provide differentiated solutions for its clients.

The global risk and compliance industry, in general, is highly competitive and barriers to entry have decreased as a result of technology innovation. Despite some consolidation in recent years, the industry remains highly fragmented in the United States and even more so internationally with many in-country alternative providers. The Company expects competition to increase from existing competitors, as well as new and emerging market entrants. In addition, as the Company expands its product and service offerings, it may face competition from new and existing competitors. The Company competes primarily on product quality and functionality, service levels, subject matter regulatory expertise, security, price and reputation.

The impact of digital technologies has impacted many of the products and markets in which the Company competes, most acutely in the Company’s mutual fund, variable annuity and public company compliance business offerings. While the Company offers a high-touch, service oriented experience, technology changes have provided alternatives to the Company’s clients that allow them to manage more of the financial disclosure process themselves. The Company has invested in its own SaaS solutions, ActiveDisclosure, FundSuiteArc and Venue to serve clients and increase retention and has invested to expand capabilities and address new market sectors. The future impact of technology on the business is difficult to predict and could result in additional expenditures to restructure impacted operations or develop new technologies. In addition, the Company has made targeted acquisitions and investments in its existing business to offer clients innovative services and solutions, including acquisitions of eBrevia and EDGAR Online and investments in AuditBoard, Mediant and Peloton that support the Company’s position as a technology service leader in this evolving industry. Market Volatility/Cyclicality

The Company’s competitors for SEC filing services for public company compliance clients include full service financial communications providers, technology point solution providers focused on financial communicationsCapital Markets segments (CM-SS and general technology providers. The Company’s competitors for SEC filing services for investment markets clients include full service traditional providers, small niche technology providers and local and regional print providers that bid against the Company for printing, mailing and fulfillment services.

~~Market Volatility/Cyclicality~~

~~The Company is~~CM-CCM), in particular, are subject to market volatility in the United States and world economy, as the success of the transactional ~~offering~~and Venue offerings is ~~largely~~highly dependent on the global market for ~~IPOs,~~initial public offerings (“IPOs”), secondary offerings, mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”), public and private debt offerings, leveraged buyouts, spinouts and other transactions. A variety of factors impact the global markets for transactions, including economic activity levels, market volatility, the regulatory and political ~~environment. Recently,~~environment, civil unrest and global pandemics, amongst others. The global transactional markets have been and continue to be disrupted due to the ~~U.S. IPO~~COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts to the overall economy and market volatility. Due to the significant net sales and ~~public debt market were disrupted by the U.S. federal government shutdown that occurred~~profitability derived from ~~December 2018 to January 2019. Future government shutdowns could affect volatility of any of these markets. The International segment is particularly susceptible to capital~~transactional and Venue offerings, market volatility ~~as most of the International business is capital markets transaction focused.~~can lead to uneven financial performance when comparing to previous periods. The Company mitigates ~~some~~a portion of that risk by offering services in higher demand during a down market, like document management tools for the bankruptcy/restructuring process, and also by moving upstream from the filing process with products like Venue, the Company’s data room solution. The Company also attempts to balance this volatility through its compliance offerings, supporting the ~~quarterly/~~quarterly and annual public company reporting ~~process~~processes through its ~~EDGAR~~ filing services and ActiveDisclosure, ~~product,~~as well as its investment ~~markets~~companies regulatory and shareholder communications ~~offering~~offerings, including FundSuiteArc.

Services and continues to expand into adjacent growth businesses like data and analytics, which has recurring revenues and is not as susceptible to market volatility and cycles. The quarterly/annual public company reporting process work also subjects the Company to filing seasonality shortly after the end of each fiscal quarter, with peak periods during the course of the year. The seasonality and associated operational implications include the need to increase staff during peak periods through a combined strategy of hiring additional full-time and temporary personnel, increasing the premium time of existing staff, and outsourcing production for a number of services. Additionally, clients and their financial advisors have begun to increasingly rely on web-based services which allow clients to autonomously file and distribute compliance documents with regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. While the Company believes that its ActiveDisclosure and FundSuiteArc solutions are competitive in this space, competitors are continuing to develop technologies that aim to improve clients’ ability to autonomously produce and file documents to meet their regulatory obligations. Products

The Company ~~continues to remain focused on driving recurring revenue to mitigate market volatility.~~separately reports its net sales and related cost of sales for its software solutions, tech-enabled services and print and distribution offerings. The Company’s software solutions consist of Venue, ActiveDisclosure, eBrevia, FundSuiteArc, and others. The Company’s tech-enabled services offerings consist of document composition, compliance-related SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (“EDGAR”) filing services and transaction solutions. The Company’s print and distribution offerings primarily consist of conventional and digital printed products and the related shipping.

Regulatory ~~Impact~~Developments

The SEC is adopting new as well as ~~amended~~amending existing rules and forms to modernize the reporting and disclosure of information by registered investment companies. These changes are driving significant regulatory changes which impact the Company’s customers within its Investment ~~Markets~~Companies business. OnAs further disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report, on October 13, 2016, the SEC adopted a new N-PORT filing requirement, which requires certain registered investment companies to report information about their portfolio in XML, a structured data format, on a monthly basis, replacing what was previously a quarterly filing requirement. This rule also includes an annual N-CEN filing in XML, replacing a semi-annual filing requirement. ~~Compliance dates depend on asset size and~~The first N-PORT filing deadlines began ~~as soon as June 1, 2018~~in April 2019 for larger funds with ~~the first N-PORT filing deadlines~~over $1 billion in assets and, beginning in April ~~2019.~~2020, smaller funds began filing N-PORT on a quarterly basis. The Company’s ArcFiling software solution ~~can support~~supports both filings. ~~The Company expects an increase in services revenue due to the increase in the frequency of filings for registered investment companies.~~

On June 5, 2018, the SEC adopted Rule 30e-3 which provides certain registered investment companies with an option to electronically deliver shareholder reports and other materials rather than providing such reports in paper. Investors who prefer to receive reports in paper will continue to receive them in that format. While Rule 30e-3 was effective January 1, 2019, default electronic distribution pursuant to the rule will begin on January 1, 2021 due to a 24-month transition period, during which registered investment companies must notify investors of the upcoming change in transmission format of shareholder reports. The Company expects a decline in the volume of printed annual and semi-annual shareholder reports in 2021 and beyond as a result of Rule 30e-3.

~~Raw Materials~~On March 11, 2020, the SEC announced that it has adopted a new rule 498A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and related regulatory amendments permitting variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts to use a more concise summary prospectus to provide disclosures to investors. More detailed information about the variable annuity or variable life insurance contract will be available online, and an investor can now choose to have that information delivered on paper. The new rule and related form amendments will become effective on July 1, 2020 with compliance required by January 1, 2022. The Company expects the majority of its insurance customers will adopt the rule by early 2021. As a result, the Company expects a decline in printed prospectus volume in 2021 and beyond. Based on the requirements of the rule, the Company is also expecting an increase in revenue from the ArcPro software solution and related regulatory filings.

Segments

In the first quarter of 2020, management realigned the Company’s operating segments to reflect changes in the manner in which the chief operating decision maker assesses information for decision-making purposes. The Company’s four operating and reportable segments are: Capital Markets – Software Solutions (“CM-SS”), Capital Markets – Compliance and Communications Management (“CM-CCM”), Investment Companies – Software Solutions (“IC-SS”), and Investment Companies – Compliance and Communications Management (“IC-CCM”). Corporate is not an operating segment and consists primarily of unallocated selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) activities and associated expenses, as further described below.

All prior year amounts related to segments have been reclassified to conform to the Company’s current reporting structure. There is no impact on the Company’s previously reported consolidated statements of operations, statements of comprehensive income, balance sheets, statements of cash flows or statements of changes in stockholders’ equity as a result of the new segmentation. For the Company’s financial results and the presentation of certain other financial information by segment, see Note 13, Segment Information, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Capital Markets

The ~~primary raw materials~~Company provides software solutions, technology-enabled services and print and distribution solutions to public and private companies for deal solutions and compliance to companies that are or preparing to become subject to the filing and reporting requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Capital markets’ clients leverage the Company’s software offerings, proprietary technology, deep industry expertise and experience to successfully navigate the SEC’s specified file formats when submitting compliance documents through the EDGAR system for their transactional and ongoing compliance needs. The Company assists its capital markets clients throughout the course of public and private business transactions; M&A, IPOs, debt offerings and other similar transactions. In addition, the Company provides clients with compliance solutions to prepare their ongoing required Exchange Act filings that are compatible with the SEC’s EDGAR system, most notably Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, Form 8-K and Proxy Form DEF 14A. The Company’s operating segments associated with its capital markets services and products offerings are as follows:

Capital Markets – Software Solutions—The Company provides software solutions to its capital markets clients through its CM-SS segment. The Company’s Venue solution is a highly secure data room platform that allows clients to share confidential information in real-time throughout the transaction lifecycle. Clients can maintain control over sensitive data when conducting due diligence for M&A, raising capital for an IPO or developing a document repository. Specifically, companies have used Venue to securely organize, manage, distribute and track corporate governance, financing, legal and other documents in an online workspace accessible to internal and outside advisors. Via integration with the Company’s eBrevia solution, Venue can use artificial intelligence to analyze documents to help clients better understand their content and make informed decisions.

The Company’s cloud-based ActiveDisclosure platform provides clients with end-to-end solutions to collaborate, tag, validate and file with the SEC efficiently. By leveraging its browser-enabled platform, ActiveDisclosure brings teams together across departments, functions and geographies in real time to create and edit Word, Excel or PowerPoint documents across devices, simultaneously. When combined with ActiveLink, a synchronous updating tool, ActiveDisclosure seamlessly flows changes throughout an entire document automatically, reducing risk and providing additional assurance to clients.

The Company’s EDGAR® Online solution delivers intelligent solutions in financial disclosures, creating and distributing company data and public filings for equities, mutual funds and other publicly traded assets.

Capital Markets – Compliance & Communications Management—The CM-CCM segment provides technology-enabled services and print and distribution solutions for its capital markets clients. In addition, the Company offers clients the use of private conferencing facilities in most major cities in the U.S. and international jurisdictions to maintain confidentiality in deal negotiations and provide clients a place to host in-person working groups to meet, strategize and prepare documents for the transactional deal stream.

Investment Companies

The Company provides software solutions, technology-enabled services and print, distribution and fulfillment solutions to its investment companies clients that are subject to the filing and reporting requirements of the Securities Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Act”), primarily mutual fund companies, alternative investment companies, insurance companies and third-party fund administrators. The Company’s ~~printed products are paper~~suite of solutions enables its investment company clients to comply with applicable ongoing SEC regulations, as well as to create, manage, and ~~ink.~~deliver accurate and timely financial communications to investors and regulators. The ~~paper~~Company also provides pre- and ~~ink is sourced from a small set of select suppliers~~post-enrollment information to ~~ensure consistent quality that meets~~healthcare providers. Investment company clients leverage the Company’s proprietary technology, deep industry expertise and experience to successfully navigate the SEC’s specified file formats when submitting compliance documents through the EDGAR system. The Company’s operating segments associated with its investment companies services and products offerings are as follows:

Investment Companies – Software Solutions—The Company provides software products to its investment companies clients through its IC-SS segment. The Company’s proprietary FundSuiteArc software platform provides clients with a comprehensive suite of cloud-based solutions and services that store and manage information in a self-service, central repository for compliance and regulatory documents to be easily accessed, assembled, edited, translated, rendered and submitted to regulators. FundSuiteArc offers cloud-based solutions featuring automation and single-source data validation that streamlines processes and drives efficiency for clients. FundSuiteArc includes ArcFiling, ArcReporting, ArcPro, and ArcRegulatory.

Investment Companies – Compliance & Communications Management—Through its IC-CCM segment, the Company provides its investment companies clients with technology-enabled solutions for creating and filing high-quality regulatory documents and solutions for investor communications, as well as the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”)-formatted filings pursuant to the Investment Act, through the SEC’s EDGAR system.

The IC-CCM segment also provides turnkey proxy services, including discovery, planning and implementation, print and mail management, solicitation, tabulation services, shareholder meeting review and expert support.

Corporate

The Company reports certain unallocated SG&A activities and associated expenses within Corporate, including, in part, executive, legal, finance, marketing, communications and certain facility costs. In addition, certain costs and earnings of employee benefit plans, such as pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense (income) and share-based compensation, are included in Corporate and are not allocated to the operating segments.

Executive Overview

First Quarter Overview

Net sales decreased by $8.9 million, or 3.9%, to $220.7 million from $229.6 million for the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year, including a $0.5 million, or 0.2%, decrease due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Net sales decreased primarily due to lower mutual funds compliance and transaction print, lower commercial print and lower capital markets transactional print, partially offset by higher FundSuiteArc and ActiveDisclosure volumes.

Income from operations for the first quarter of 2020 increased by $5.3 million, or 80.3%, to $11.9 million from $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the favorable sales mix and the impact from cost control initiatives.

COVID-19

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, currently known as COVID-19 (“COVID-19”), was identified in China and has since extensively impacted the global health and economic environment. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Although COVID-19 has adversely impacted the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and overall financial performance, ~~expectations~~the extent of that impact is currently uncertain and ~~provides~~depends on factors including the impact on the Company’s customers, employees and vendors.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s customers’ financial results, which may force the Company’s clients to alter their plans for purchasing the Company’s services and products. In addition, the global markets have been and continue to be disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has negatively impacted the Company’s transactional offerings and that negative impact is expected to continue. Some of this volatility is mitigated through the Company’s compliance offerings, supporting the quarterly and annual public company reporting processes, as well as its investment companies regulatory and shareholder communications offerings. If the Company’s customers reduce, defer or cancel their spending with DFIN, it would materially adversely impact the Company’s business, results of operations and overall financial performance.

Some of the Company’s operations also have been affected by a range of external factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not within the Company’s control. For example, many jurisdictions have imposed a wide range of restrictions on the physical movement of the Company’s employees and vendors to limit the spread of COVID-19. If the COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on the Company’s or vendors’ employee attendance or productivity, the Company’s operations are expected to be adversely affected, and in turn the Company’s results of operations and overall financial performance would be harmed. Furthermore, the Company’s insurance costs may increase.

The Company has taken numerous steps, and will continue to take further actions, in its response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company has implemented business continuity plans and has instructed all employees that can work from home to do so, has implemented travel restrictions and has conducted virtual customer and employee meetings. These decisions may delay or reduce sales and harm productivity and collaboration. The Company has also incurred $0.8 million of ~~supply.~~ incremental expenses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic during the three months ended March 31, 2020, including incremental vendor costs, premium wages paid to certain employees as well as costs to clean and disinfect the Company’s facilities more frequently. The Company expects to continue to incur such costs in future periods, however, the impact of such costs on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and overall financial performance cannot be predicted at this time. The Company is also working closely with its clients to support them as they implement their own contingency plans, helping them access the Company’s services and products and continue to meet their regulatory requirements.

The Company believes that implementing cost reduction efforts will help mitigate the ~~risk~~impact that reduced revenues will have on 2020 income from operations. The Company has reduced expenses and may take further actions that alter its business operations as the situation evolves. The ultimate impact of ~~incurring material losses as a result~~the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects on the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity, and financial results cannot be predicted at this time. Refer to “Risk Factors” for further discussion of ~~a shortage in raw materials is unlikely and that~~ the ~~losses, if any, would not have a materially negative~~ impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business.

~~Distribution~~

~~The Company’s products are distributed to end-users through the U.S or foreign postal services, through retail channels, electronically or by direct shipment to customer facilities.~~

~~Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Estimates~~Financial Review

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with ~~GAAP~~accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires the extensive use of management’s estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities ~~and disclosure~~as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company’s significant accounting policies and critical estimates are disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, as filed with the SEC on February ~~27, 2019.~~

~~Financial Review~~26, 2020 (the “Annual Report”).

In the financial review that follows, the Company discusses its unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations, cash flows and certain other information. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s ~~unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements~~Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes.

Results of Operations for the Three ~~Months Ended~~months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as Compared to the Three ~~Months Ended~~months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019

The following table shows the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~

March 31, 2019:

2019

2018

$ Change

% Change

(in millions, except percentages)

Services net sales
$
127.9

$
159.5

$
(31.6
)

(19.8
%)
Products net sales

101.7

95.7

6.0

6.3
%
Net sales

229.6

255.2

(25.6
)

(10.0
%)
Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

75.4

85.9

(10.5
)

(12.2
%)
Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

78.5

72.7

5.8

8.0
%
Cost of sales

153.9

158.6

(4.7
)

(3.0
%)
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

54.9

66.1

(11.2
)

(16.9
%)
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net

2.1

0.7

1.4

200.0
%
Depreciation and amortization

12.1

10.4

1.7

16.3
%
Income from operations
$
6.6

$
19.4

$
(12.8
)

(66.0
%)

		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020			2019			$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales
Tech-enabled services		$	81.9		$	83.2		$	(1.3	)		(1.6	%)
Software solutions			47.3			44.7			2.6			5.8	%
Print and distribution			91.5			101.7			(10.2	)		(10.0	%)
Total net sales			220.7			229.6			(8.9	)		(3.9	%)
Cost of sales ⁽¹⁾
Tech-enabled services			42.8			48.8			(6.0	)		(12.3	%)
Software solutions			24.8			26.6			(1.8	)		(6.8	%)
Print and distribution			68.7			78.5			(9.8	)		(12.5	%)
Total cost of sales			136.3			153.9			(17.6	)		(11.4	%)
Selling, general and administrative expenses ⁽¹⁾			57.0			54.9			2.1			3.8	%
Depreciation and amortization			12.4			12.1			0.3			2.5	%
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net			3.1			2.1			1.0			47.6	%
Income from operations			11.9			6.6			5.3			80.3	%
Interest expense, net			4.6			8.9			(4.3	)		(48.3	%)
Investment and other income, net			(0.4	)		(0.6	)		0.2			(33.3	%)
Earnings (loss) before income taxes			7.7			(1.7	)		9.4		nm
Income tax expense (benefit)			3.6			(0.3	)		3.9		nm
Net earnings (loss)		$	4.1		$	(1.4	)	$	5.5		nm

________________

(1)	Exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

nm – Not meaningful

Consolidated

Net sales of tech-enabled services for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 decreased ~~$31.6~~$1.3 million, or ~~19.8%~~1.6%, to ~~$127.9~~$81.9 million, versus the three months ended March 31, ~~2018, including a $0.8 million, or 0.5%, decrease due to changes in foreign exchange rates.~~2019. Net sales of ~~services decreased $18.8 million due to the sale of the Language Solutions business. In addition, net sales of~~tech-enabled services decreased due to lower capital markets ~~transactions volumes, primarily driven by the U.S. government shutdown in January 2019,~~transactional and ~~lower mutual fund print-related services, partially offset by growth in SaaS solutions, primarily in ActiveDisclosure and FundSuiteArc.~~compliance volumes.

Net sales of ~~products~~software solutions for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 increased ~~$6.0~~$2.6 million, or ~~6.3%~~5.8%, to ~~$101.7~~$47.3 million versus the three months ended March 31, ~~2018, including a $0.3 million, or 0.3%, decrease due to changes in foreign exchange rates.~~2019. Net sales of ~~products~~software solutions increased primarily due to higher ~~volumes in mutual fund print, driven by a special proxy project,~~FundSuiteArc and ~~higher volumes in capital markets compliance. The increase in net~~ActiveDisclosure volumes.

Net sales of ~~products was partially offset by lower capital markets transactions~~print and ~~lower commercial print volumes.~~

~~Services cost of sales~~ ~~decreased~~ ~~$10.5 million, or 12.2%,~~distribution for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 decreased $10.2 million, or 10.0%, to $91.5 million versus the three months ended March 31, ~~2018, primarily~~2019. Net sales of print and distribution decreased due to ~~the impact from the sale of the Language Solutions business. In addition,~~lower mutual funds compliance and transactional print, lower commercial print and lower capital markets transactional print.

Tech-enabled services cost of sales ~~decreased due to lower volumes in capital markets transactions and mutual fund print-related services and cost control initiatives.~~ ~~As a percentage of net sales, services cost of sales increased 5.1% primarily due to unfavorable mix.~~

~~Products cost of sales increased $5.8 million, or 8.0%,~~ for the three months ended March 31, 2019, versus the three months ended March 31, 2018. Products cost of sales increased due to higher mutual fund print and capital markets compliance volumes, partially offset by lower capital markets transaction and commercial print volumes. As a percentage of net sales, products cost of sales increased 1.2%, primarily due to unfavorable mix.

~~Selling, general and administrative expenses~~2020 decreased ~~$11.2~~$6.0 million, or ~~16.9%~~12.3%, to ~~$54.9~~$42.8 million, ~~for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as~~ compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to lower spin-off related transaction expenses, and the impact from the sale of the Language Solutions business. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased from 25.9% for the three months March 31, 2018 to 23.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the impact of the lower ~~spin-off related transaction expenses.~~volumes and cost control initiatives. As a percentage of tech-enabled services net sales, tech-enabled services cost of sales decreased 6.4% as a result of cost control initiatives.

~~For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded net restructuring, impairment and other charges~~Software solutions cost of ~~$2.1~~sales decreased $1.8 million, ~~as compared~~or 6.8%, to ~~net restructuring, impairment and other charges of $0.7~~$24.8 million, for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2020 versus the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the impact of cost control initiatives. As a percentage of software solutions net sales, software solutions cost of sales decreased 7.1% as a result of cost control initiatives.

Print and distribution cost of sales decreased $9.8 million, or 12.5%, to $68.7 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 versus the three months ended March 31, 2019. Print and distribution cost of sales decreased due to the lower volumes and cost control initiatives. As a percentage of print and distribution net sales, print and distribution cost of sales decreased 2.1% as a result of cost control initiatives.

SG&A expenses increased $2.1 million, or 3.8%, to $57.0 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to higher healthcare benefit claims. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses increased from 23.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 25.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to higher healthcare benefit claims and higher commission expenses due to sales mix.

Depreciation and amortization increased $0.3 million, or 2.5%, to $12.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. Depreciation and amortization included $3.4 million and $3.7 million of amortization of other intangible assets related to customer relationships and a tradename for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net for the three months ended March 31, 2020, were $3.1 million, as compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. In 2020, these charges included $1.6 million for employee termination costs of 51 employees, substantially all of whom were terminated as of March 31, 2020, and $1.5 million for other charges primarily related to the realignment of the Company’s operating segments. In 2019, these charges included $2.0 million of employee termination costs for 72 employees, substantially all of whom were terminated as of March 31, 2019 and $0.1 million for other charges associated with Company’s decision to withdraw in 2013 from certain multi-employer pension plans serving facilities that continued to operate for the three months ended March 31, 2019. In 2018, these charges included $0.5 million of lease termination and other restructuring costs, $0.1 million of employee termination costs and $0.1 million for other charges associated with the Company’s decision to withdraw in 2013 from certain multi-employer pension plans serving facilities that continued to operate.

Depreciation and amortization increased $1.7 million, or 16.3%, to $12.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. Depreciation and amortization included $3.7 million and $3.4 million of amortization of other intangible assets related to customer relationships and a tradename for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Income from operations for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019 decreased $12.8~~2020 increased $5.3 million, or ~~66.0%~~80.3%, to ~~$6.6~~$11.9 million versus the three months ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, primarily due to ~~lower volumes in capital markets transactions~~the favorable sales mix and ~~mutual fund print-related services, partially offset by an increase in capital markets compliance volumes and lower spin-off related transaction expenses.~~the impact from the cost control initiatives.

2019

2018

$ Change

% Change

(in millions, except percentages)

Interest expense-net
$
8.9

$
9.0

$
(0.1
)

(1.1
%)

~~Net interest~~Interest expense, net decreased ~~$0.1~~$4.3 million to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 versus the same period in 2019, ~~compared~~due to the payoff of the Company’s term loan credit facility in 2019 and the $2.3 million gain on debt extinguishment during three months ended March 31, 2020, as further described in Note 8, Debt, partially replaced by the Revolving Facility (as defined below) that carries a lower interest rate.

Investment and other income, net for both the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2019primarily consisted of net pension plan income.

2019

2018

$ Change

% Change

(in millions, except percentages)

(Loss) earnings before income taxes
$
(1.7
)

$
11.2

$
(12.9
)

(115.2
%)
Income tax (benefit) expense

(0.3
)

3.5

(3.8
)

(108.6
%)
Effective income tax rate

17.6
%

31.3
%

The effective income tax rate was 46.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 17.6% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019 compared to 31.3%~~2019. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2020 was primarily driven by the Company’s inability to recognize a tax benefit on certain losses. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 reflects lower earnings as well as a decrease in the taxation of certain foreign ~~earnings, referred to in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1) (“Tax Act”) as global intangible low-taxed income and foreign derived intangible income.~~

earnings.

Information by Segment

The following tables summarize net sales, income ~~(loss)~~ from operations and certain items impacting comparability within each of the operating segments and Corporate.

~~U.S.~~Capital Markets – Software Solutions

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019			$ Change		% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)						(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	202.8		$	213.1		$	31.2		$	30.5		$	0.7		2.3	%
Income from operations		21.3			26.4			1.8			0.1			1.7	nm
Operating margin		10.5	%		12.4	%		5.8	%		0.3	%
Spin-off related transaction expenses		—			6.3
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		0.6			0.7
Items impacting comparability
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net								0.3			0.3			—		—

Net Sales for the Three Months

Ended March 31,

Reporting unit
2019

2018

$ Change

% Change

(in millions, except percentages)

Capital Markets
$
109.7

$
117.5

$
(7.8
)

(6.6
%)
Investment Markets*

93.1

89.5

3.6

4.0
%
Language Solutions*

—

6.1

(6.1
)

(100.0
%)
Total U.S.
$
202.8

$
213.1

$
(10.3
)

(4.8
%)

________________

*Certain prior year amounts were restated to conform to the Company’s current reporting unit structure.nm – Not meaningful

Net sales ~~for the U.S. segment~~ for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$202.8~~$31.2 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$10.3~~$0.7 million, or ~~4.8%~~2.3%, compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Net sales ~~decreased~~increased primarily due to ~~lower capital markets transaction volumes, the sale of the Language Solutions business and lower commercial print volumes, partially offset by~~ higher ~~mutual fund print volumes and growth in SaaS solutions, primarily in ActiveDisclosure. An analysis of net sales by reporting unit follows:~~ActiveDisclosure volumes.

•

~~Capital Markets:~~ Sales decreased due to lower capital markets transaction volumes, primarily driven by the U.S. government shutdown in January 2019, partially offset by higher volumes in capital markets compliance and ActiveDisclosure.

•

~~Investment Markets:~~ ~~Sales increased due to higher mutual fund print volumes, primarily related to a special proxy project, partially offset by lower commercial print volumes.~~

•

~~Language Solutions:~~ ~~Sales decreased due to the sale of the Language Solutions business in July 2018.~~

~~U.S. segment income~~Income from operations ~~decreased $5.1~~increased $1.7 million ~~or 19.3%,~~to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019, primarily due to the impact of ~~lower net sales volumes and unfavorable mix, partially offset by lower spin-off related transaction expenses.~~cost control initiatives.

Operating margins ~~decreased~~increased from ~~12.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to 10.5%~~0.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 ~~due~~ to ~~unfavorable mix, partially offset by lower spin-off related transaction expenses, which favorably impacted margins by 3.0 percentage points.~~

~~International~~

Three Months Ended March 31,

2019

2018

(in millions, except percentages)

Net sales
$
26.8

$
42.1

(Loss) income from operations

(3.3
)

2.5

Operating margin

(12.3
%)

5.9
%
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net

0.6

(0.1
)

~~Net sales for the International segment~~5.8% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 primarily due to cost control initiatives.

Capital Markets – Compliance and Communication Management

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	99.1		$	102.0		$	(2.9	)		(2.8	%)
Income from operations		21.4			14.7			6.7			45.6	%
Operating margin		21.6	%		14.4	%
Items impacting comparability
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net		0.5			0.9			(0.4	)		(44.4	%)
COVID-19 related expenses		0.3			—			0.3		nm

_____________

nm – Not meaningful

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were ~~$26.8~~$99.1 million, a decrease of ~~$15.3~~$2.9 million, or ~~36.3%~~2.8%, compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2018 including a $1.1~~2019 primarily due to lower transactional and compliance volumes.

Income from operations increased $6.7 million, or ~~2.6%~~45.6%, ~~decrease due~~ to changes in foreign exchange rates. Net sales decreased due to the sale of the Language Solutions business and lower capital markets transaction volumes, primarily driven by the U.S. government shutdown in January 2019. The decrease in net sales was partially offset by higher FundSuiteArc volumes.

~~International segment income from operations decreased $5.8~~$21.4 million compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, primarily due to ~~the impact of the sale of the Language Solutions business, lower capital markets transaction volumes, an increase in restructuring, impairment~~cost control initiatives and ~~other charges and an increase in information technology allocated expenses to the International segment, partially offset by higher FundSuiteArc volumes.~~a favorable sales mix.

Operating margins ~~decreased~~increased from ~~5.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to negative 12.3%~~14.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 21.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to ~~unfavorable mix,~~cost control initiatives and a favorable sales mix.

Investment Companies – Software Solutions

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			$ Change		% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	16.1		$	14.2		$	1.9		13.4	%
Income (loss) from operations		0.1			(3.7	)		3.8	nm
Operating margin		0.6	%		(26.1	%)
Items impacting comparability
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net		0.3			0.1			0.2	nm

________________

nm – Not meaningful

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $16.1 million, an increase of $1.9 million, or 13.4%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to higher ~~restructuring, impairment and other charges which negatively impacted margins by 2.5 percentage points~~FundSuiteArc volumes.

Income from operations increased $3.8 million, or 102.7%, to $0.1 million compared to an operating loss of $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to cost control initiatives and higher ~~information technology allocated expenses~~sales volumes.

Operating margins increased from a negative margin of 26.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to cost control initiatives.

Investment Companies – Compliance and Communication Management

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Net sales	$	74.3		$	82.9		$	(8.6	)		(10.4	%)
Income from operations		2.1			6.7			(4.6	)		(68.7	%)
Operating margin		2.8	%		8.1	%
Items impacting comparability
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net		0.4			0.4			—			—
COVID-19 related expenses		0.5			—			0.5		nm

________________

nm – Not meaningful

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $74.3 million, a decrease of $8.6 million, or 10.4%, compared to the ~~International segment.~~three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to lower mutual funds compliance and transactional volumes and lower commercial print volumes.

Income from operations decreased $4.6 million, or 68.7%, to $2.1 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the lower sales volumes and COVID-19 related expenses, partially offset by cost control initiatives.

Operating margins decreased from 8.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 2.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to the lower sales volume, partially offset by cost control initiatives.

Corporate

The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses and certain items impacting comparability within the activities presented as Corporate:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018		2020			2019
	(in millions)				(in millions)
Operating expenses	$	11.4	$	9.5	$	13.5		$	11.2
Items impacting comparability
Share-based compensation expense		1.5		1.8		2.3			1.5
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net						1.6			0.4
eBrevia contingent consideration						(0.4	)		—
Investor-related expenses						—			1.0
Spin-off related transaction expenses		0.4		1.5		—			0.4
Disposition-related expenses		—		0.5
Acquisition-related expenses		—		0.2
Investor-related expenses		1.0		—
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		0.9		0.1

Corporate operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 increased ~~$1.9~~$2.3 million, or 20.5%, versus the same period in ~~2018~~2019 primarily due to ~~an increase in incentive compensation expense, investor-related expenses,~~higher restructuring, impairment and other charges, net as a result of the realignment of the Company’s operating segments as well as higher healthcare benefit claims and higher share-based compensation ~~expense.~~expense, partially offset by lower investor-related expenses.

Non-GAAP Measures

The Company believes that certain Non-GAAP measures, such as Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA (“Adjusted EBITDA”), provide useful information about the Company’s operating results and enhance the overall ability to assess the Company’s financial performance. The Company uses these measures, together with other measures of performance under GAAP, to compare the relative performance of operations in planning, budgeting and reviewing the performance of its business. ~~Non-GAAP adjusted~~Adjusted EBITDA allows investors to make a more meaningful comparison between the Company’s core business operating results over different periods of time. The Company believes that ~~Non-GAAP adjusted~~Adjusted EBITDA, when viewed with the Company’s results under GAAP and the accompanying reconciliations, provides useful information about the Company’s business without regard to potential distortions. By eliminating potential differences in results of operations between periods caused by factors such as depreciation and amortization methods, historic cost and age of assets, restructuring, impairment and other charges, acquisition-related expenses and gain or loss on certain equity investments and asset sales, the Company believes that ~~Non-GAAP adjusted~~Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful additional basis for comparing the current performance of the underlying operations being evaluated.

~~Non-GAAP adjusted~~Adjusted EBITDA is not presented in accordance with GAAP and has important limitations as an analytical tool. These measures should not be considered as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under GAAP. In addition, these measures are defined differently by different companies ~~in our industry~~ and, accordingly, such measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other companies.

In addition to the factors listed above, the following items are excluded from ~~Non-GAAP adjusted~~Adjusted EBITDA:

•

Share-based compensation expense. Although share-based compensation is a key incentive offered to certain of the Company’s employees, business performance is evaluated excluding share-based compensation expenses. Depending upon the size, timing and the terms of grants, non-cash compensation expense may vary but will recur in future periods.

•

COVID-19 related expenses. Incremental expenses incurred as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including incremental vendor costs, premium wages paid to certain employees and additional costs to clean and disinfect the Company’s facilities more frequently.

•

Investor-related expenses. Expenses incurred related to non-routine investor matters, which include third-party advisory and consulting fees and legal fees.

•

Spin-off related transaction expenses. The Company has incurred expenses related to the ~~Separation~~2016 separation from R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company (“RRD”) (the “Separation”) to operate as a standalone publicly traded company. These expenses ~~include~~included third-party consulting fees, information technology expenses, employee retention payments, legal fees and other costs related to the Separation, including system implementation expenses related to transitioning from transition service agreements with RRD and LSC Communications, Inc. ~~(“LSC”).~~ Management does not believe that these expenses are reflective of ongoing operating results.

•

~~Disposition-related expenses.~~ Expenses incurred related to the disposition of the Language Solutions business. These expenses primarily include legal fees, third-party advisory and consulting fees and other costs related to the disposition.

A reconciliation of GAAP net earnings (loss) ~~earnings~~ to ~~Non-GAAP adjusted~~Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 for these adjustments is presented in the following table:

Three Months Ended March 31,

2019

2018

(in millions)

Net (loss) earnings
$
(1.4
)

$
7.7

Restructuring, impairment and other charges—net

2.1

0.7

Share-based compensation expense

1.5

1.8

Investor-related expenses

1.0

—

Spin-off related transaction expenses

0.4

7.8

Disposition-related expenses

—

0.5

Acquisition-related expenses

—

0.2

Depreciation and amortization

12.1

10.4

Interest expense—net

8.9

9.0

Investment and other income—net

(0.6
)

(0.8
)
Income tax (benefit) expense

(0.3
)

3.5

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA
$
23.7

$
40.8

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in millions)
Net earnings (loss)	$	4.1		$	(1.4	)
Restructuring, impairment and other charges, net		3.1			2.1
Share-based compensation expense		2.3			1.5
COVID-19 related expenses		0.8			—
eBrevia contingent consideration		(0.4	)		—
Investor-related expenses		—			1.0
Spin-off related transaction expenses		—			0.4
Depreciation and amortization		12.4			12.1
Interest expense, net		4.6			8.9
Investment and other income, net		(0.4	)		(0.6	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		3.6			(0.3	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	30.1		$	23.7

~~Share-based compensation expense.~~ ~~Included pre-tax~~Restructuring, impairment and other charges, ~~of $1.5 million and $1.8 million for the~~net—The three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 included $1.6 million for employee termination costs and ~~2018.~~

~~2019 Restructuring, impairment and~~$1.5 million for other ~~charges—net~~. charges, primarily related to the realignment of the Company’s operating segments. The three months ended March 31, 2019 included $2.0 million for employee termination costs and $0.1 million for other charges.

~~2018 Restructuring, impairment~~Share-based compensation expense—Included charges of $2.3 million and ~~other charges—net~~. ~~The~~$1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018 included $0.5~~2020 and 2019, respectively.

COVID-19 related expenses—Included charges of $0.8 million for ~~lease termination~~the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily related to incremental vendor costs and ~~other restructuring costs, $0.1~~premium wages paid to certain employees.

eBrevia contingent consideration—Included a gain of $0.4 million for ~~employee termination costs and $0.1 million for other charges associated with~~ the ~~Company’s decision~~three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of a decrease in the estimated contingent consideration to ~~withdraw in 2013 from certain multi-employer pension plans serving facilities that continued~~be paid to ~~operate.~~the former owners of eBrevia.

Investor-related ~~expenses.~~ expenses—Included ~~pre-tax~~ charges of $1.0 million related to non-routine investor ~~matters. These expenses include third-party advisory and consulting fees and legal fees~~matters for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2019, primarily third-party advisory, consulting and legal fees.

Spin-off related transaction ~~expenses.~~ expenses—Included ~~pre-tax~~ charges of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily related to third-party consulting fees. Included pre-tax charges of $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to third-party consulting fees, information technology expenses, legal fees and other costs related to the Separation.

~~Disposition-related expenses.~~ Included pre-tax charges of $0.5 million primarily related to the disposition of the Language Solutions business, including legal fees, third party advisory and consulting fees and other costs for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

~~Acquisition-related expenses.~~ ~~Included pre-tax charges of $0.2 million primarily related to legal expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 associated with completed or contemplated acquisitions.~~

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity to support its ongoing operations and to invest in future growth to create value for its shareholders. Cash on hand, operating cash flows and the Company’s $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) are the primary sources of liquidity and are expected to be used for, among other things, payment of interest and principal on the Company’s debt obligations, capital expenditures necessary to support productivity improvement and growth, acquisitions and completion of restructuring programs.

The ~~following describes~~Company maintains cash pooling structures that enable participating international locations to draw on the pools’ cash resources to meet local liquidity needs. Foreign cash balances may be loaned from certain cash pools to U.S. operating entities on a temporary basis in order to reduce the Company’s ~~cash flows~~short-term borrowing costs or for ~~the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.~~

~~Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities~~

Operating cash inflows are largely attributable to sales of the Company’s services and products. Operating cash outflows are largely attributable to recurring expenditures for labor, rent, raw materials and other ~~operating activities.~~

~~Net cash used in operating activities~~ ~~was $68.3 million for the three months ended~~ ~~March 31, 2019~~ ~~compared to $53.6 million net used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in net cash~~ ~~used in operating activities reflected timing differences in payments related to taxes.~~

~~Cash Flows Provided By Investing Activities~~

Net cash used in investing activities was $17.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Capital expenditures were $15.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $8.7 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in capital expenditures was primarily driven by an investment in digital printers during the three months ended March 31, 2019.purposes. The Company ~~expects that capital expenditures for 2019 will be approximately $40.0 million to $45.0 million, compared to $37.1 million in 2018.~~

~~Cash Flows Used for Financing Activities~~

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $47.1 million compared to $20.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company received $178.5 million of proceeds from revolving facility borrowings, partially offset by $130.0 million of payments on revolving facility borrowings. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company received $88.0 million of proceeds from revolving facility borrowings, offset by $68.0 million of payments on revolving facility borrowings.

~~Liquidity~~

Cash and cash equivalents of $10.5 million at March 31, 2019 included $3.2 million in the U.S. and $7.3 million at international locations. As a result of the transition tax incurred pursuant to the Tax Act, the Company now has the ability to repatriate any previously taxed foreign cash associated with the foreign earnings subject to the U.S. parent with minimal tax consequences. ~~The Company intends to repatriate earnings up to its net earnings previously subject to U.S. tax during 2019.~~ The Company maintains its assertion of indefinite reinvestment on all foreign earnings and other outside basis differences to indicate that the Company remains indefinitely reinvested in operations outside of the U.S. with the exception of the previously taxed foreign cash already subject to U.S. tax. The Company ~~began to repatriate~~repatriated excess cash at its foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. during the year ended December 31, 2019 and does not plan to make cash repatriations during 2020.

Cash and cash equivalents of $7.7 million at March 31, 2020 included $3.4 million in the U.S. and $4.3 million at international locations.

The following describes the Company’s cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in millions)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(37.1	)	$	(68.3	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(8.2	)		(17.1	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		37.5			47.1
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents		(1.7	)		1.5
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(9.5	)	$	(36.8	)

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Operating cash inflows are largely attributable to sales of the Company’s services and products as well as recurring expenditures for labor, rent, raw materials and other operating activities.

Net cash used in operating activities was $37.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $68.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in cash used in operating activities of $31.2 million was primarily due to favorable operating results and a decrease in income taxes paid. Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, decreased by $11.8 million to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, from $13.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, due primarily to the payment of taxes in 2019 on the gain from the 2018 sale of the Language Solutions business. Accounts receivable decreased operating cash flows by $55.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $63.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to increased collection efforts and ~~expects additional repatriations during 2019.~~the timing of customer payments in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other increased operating cash flows by $8.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to a $0.6 million increase in operating cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the timing of supplier payments.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and primarily consisted of capital expenditures of $6.9 million, mostly driven by investment in software development. The Company ~~recorded deferred taxes attributable to the book-over-tax outside basis differences~~expects that capital expenditures for 2020 will be approximately $30.0 million.

Net cash used in ~~its foreign subsidiaries~~investing activities was $17.1 million for the ~~excess cash repatriated as of~~three months ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2019, and primarily consisted of capital expenditures of $15.1 million, mostly driven by an investment in digital printers and investments in software development.

~~On December 18, 2018,~~ Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $37.5 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020,the Company ~~entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement which extended the maturity date~~received $146.5 million of proceeds from the Revolving Facility ~~to December 18, 2023, reduced the interest rate margin percentages and facility fees applicable to~~borrowings, partially offset by $40.5 million of payments on the Revolving Facility ~~increased~~borrowings, as well as utilized $63.3 million for the ~~allowable annual dividends~~purchase and retirement of certain of the Company’s Notes. The Company’s common stock repurchases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 totaled $5.2 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $47.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company received $178.5 million of proceeds from ~~$15.0~~the Revolving Facility borrowings, partially offset by $130.0 million ~~to $20.0 million in~~of payments on the ~~aggregate and modified~~Revolving Facility borrowings. The Company’s common stock repurchases for the ~~financial maintenance and negative covenants in the Credit Agreement.~~three months ended March 31, 2019 totaled $1.2 million.

Debt

The Company’s debt ~~maturity schedule~~ as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of the following (in millions):

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
8.25% senior notes due October 15, 2024	$	233.5		$	300.0
Borrowings under the Revolving Facility		106.0			—
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2.9	)		(4.0	)
Total long-term debt	$	336.6		$	296.0

8.25% Senior Notes Due 2024— On September 30, 2016, DFIN (the “Parent”) issued $300.0 million of 8.25% senior unsecured notes due October 15, 2024 (the “Notes”). The Company’s Notes, with interest payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, were issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) where certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company guarantee the Notes (the “Guarantors”). In the first quarter of 2020, the Company purchased and retired $66.5 million (notional amount) of the Notes at an average price of 95.25 and recognized a pre-tax gain on the extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million, which was net of unamortized debt issuance costs, and is recorded within interest expense, net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Notes are fully and unconditionally as well as jointly and severally guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, by the Guarantors, which are comprised of each of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facilities, including Donnelley Financial, LLC and DFS International Holding, Inc. The Notes are not guaranteed by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries or unrestricted subsidiaries (“Nonguarantors”). The Indenture governing the Notes contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including limitations on: (1) liens; (2) indebtedness; (3) mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; (4) sales, transfers and other dispositions of assets; (5) loans and other investments; (6) dividends and other distributions, stock repurchases and redemptions and other restricted payments; (7) restrictions affecting subsidiaries; (8) transactions with affiliates; and (9) designations of unrestricted subsidiaries. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

The Notes and the related guarantees are the Company and the Guarantors’, respective, senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment to all present and future senior debt, including the obligations under the Company’s Credit Facilities, senior in right of payment to all present and future subordinated debt, and effectively subordinated in right of payment to any of the Company and the Guarantors’ secured debt, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt.

The guarantee of the Notes by a subsidiary guarantor will be automatically released under certain situations, including upon the sale or disposition of such subsidiary guarantor to a person that is not DFIN or a subsidiary guarantor of the notes, the liquidation or dissolution of such subsidiary guarantor, and if such subsidiary guarantor is released from its guarantee obligations under the Company’s Credit Facilities.

The following summarized financial information of both the Parent and the Guarantors is presented on a combined basis; intercompany balances and transactions between the Parent and the Guarantors have been eliminated and the summarized financial information does not reflect investments of the Parent or the Guarantors in Nonguarantors. The Parent’s or Guarantor’s amounts due from, amounts due to, and transactions with Nonguarantor are disclosed below:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in millions)
Current assets	$	222.6	$	169.5
Noncurrent assets		1,028.3		1,034.8
Current liabilities		172.7		165.2
Noncurrent liabilities		464.2		431.1

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
	(in millions)
Total net sales	$	198.7
Total cost of sales		122.3
Income from operations		14.2
Net earnings		5.3

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, Nonguarantors intercompany revenue and cost of sales totaled $2.6 million each. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, ~~is shown in~~an intercompany short-term note receivable due to Nonguarantors from the ~~table below:~~Parent totaled $4.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively.

Debt Maturity Schedule

Total

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Notes ^(a)
$
300.0

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
300.0

Borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Facility ^(b)

72.5

—

—

—

—

72.5

—

Borrowings under the Revolving Facility

48.5

—

—

—

48.5

—

Total
$
421.0

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
121.0

$
300.0

~~(a)~~

~~Excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $4.6 million which do not represent contractual commitments with a fixed amount or maturity date.~~

~~(b)~~

~~Excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.6 million and a discount of $1.1 million which do not represent contractual commitments with a fixed amount or maturity date.~~

Credit Agreement—The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and the Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in and calculated pursuant to the Credit Agreement, that, in part, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers and consolidations, make restricted payments and dispose of certain assets. The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $20.0 million in aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

The indenture governing the Notes contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including limitations on: (1) liens; (2) indebtedness; (3) mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; (4) sales, transfers and other dispositions of assets; (5) loans and other investments; (6) dividends and other distributions, stock repurchases and redemptions and other restricted payments; (7) restrictions affecting subsidiaries; (8) transactions with affiliates; and (9) designations of unrestricted subsidiaries. Each of these covenants is subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

As of March 31, ~~2019, there was $48.5 million of~~2020, outstanding borrowings under the Revolving ~~Facility.~~ Facility totaled $106.0 million. The maturity date of the Revolving Facility is December 18, 2023. Based on the Company’s results of operations for the twelve months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and existing debt, the Company would have had the ability to utilize an incremental ~~$112.6~~$194.0 million of the $300.0 million Revolving Facility and not have been in violation of the terms of the agreement. The current availability under the Revolving Facility and net available liquidity as of March 31, ~~2019~~ 2020is shown in the table below:

	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2020
Availability	(in millions)		(in millions)
Revolving Facility	$	300.0	$	300.0
Availability reduction from covenants		138.9		—
	$	161.1	$	300.0
Usage
Borrowings under the Revolving Facility		48.5		106.0
Impact on availability related to outstanding letters of credit		—		—
	$	48.5	$	106.0

Current availability at March 31, 2019	$	112.6
Current availability at March 31, 2020			$	194.0
Cash		10.5		7.7
Net Available Liquidity	$	123.1	$	201.7

The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, and expects to remain in compliance based on management’s estimates of operating and financial results for ~~2019~~2020 and the foreseeable future. However, declines in market and economic conditions or demand for certain of the Company’s ~~products~~services and ~~services~~products could impact the Company’s ability to remain in compliance with its debt covenants in future periods. ~~As of March 31, 2019, the Company met all the conditions required to borrow under the Credit Agreement and management expects the Company to continue to meet the applicable borrowing conditions.~~

The failure of a financial institution supporting the Revolving Facility would reduce the size of the Company’s committed facility unless a replacement institution was added. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Revolving Facility is supported by sixteen U.S. and international financial institutions.

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company had ~~$3.2~~$3.8 million in outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees, of which none reduced the availability under the Revolving Facility.

~~Acquisitions and Dispositions~~

~~During the three months ended~~ As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020, the Company met all the conditions required to borrow under the Revolving Facility, and management expects the Company to continue to meet the applicable borrowing conditions.

Acquisitions

The Company’s acquisition of eBrevia closed on December 18, 2018. During the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company paid ~~$2.2~~an additional $4.5 million ~~and $12.5 million, net of cash acquired, respectively, for~~related to the acquisition of ~~eBrevia. $2.0 million of the purchase price, excluding contingent consideration, was payable as of March 31, 2019 and is expected to be paid during 2019.~~eBrevia; $1.9 million of the purchase price related to the amounts held in escrow was payable as of March 31, ~~2019~~ 2020and is expected to be paid during 2020.

~~Risk Management~~

~~The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its variable debt. At March 31, 2019, the Company’s exposure to rate fluctuations on variable-interest borrowings was $121.0 million.~~

The Company assesses market risk based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential loss in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates. Using this sensitivity analysis, such changes would not have a material effect on interest income or expense and cash flows. A hypothetical 10% change in yield would change the fair values of fixed-rate debt at March 31, 2019 by approximately $10.4 million, or 3.5%.

The Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which it operates. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited in many countries because the operating revenues and expenses of its various subsidiaries and business units are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent that borrowings, sales, purchases, revenues, expenses or other transactions are not in the local currency of the subsidiary, the Company is exposed to currency risk and may enter into foreign exchange spot and forward contracts to hedge the currency risk. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

OTHER INFORMATION

Litigation and Contingent Liabilities

For a discussion of certain litigation involving the Company, see Note ~~15,~~7, Commitments and Contingencies, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company has updated its accounting policies related to valuation reserves associated with accounts receivable in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, as further described in Note 1, Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Except for the adoption of ASU 2016-13, there were no other changes to critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” of the Annual Report.

Goodwill

As discussed in Note 1, Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, during the first quarter of 2020, management realigned the Company’s operating segments. DFIN’s four operating and reportable segments are the same as its reporting units: CM-SS; CM-CCM; IC-SS; and IC-CCM (“Current Structure”). The Company previously had three reporting units: Capital Markets, Investment Markets and International (“Previous Structure”), that each had goodwill.

As a result of the new segmentation, a goodwill impairment analysis was completed for the Previous Structure, before the reallocation of goodwill to the Current Structure. Each of the reporting units under the Previous Structure were reviewed for impairment as of March 31, 2020 using a quantitative assessment, where the estimated fair value of each reporting unit was compared to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount (“book value”) of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment loss is generally recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. As a result of the March 31, 2020 goodwill impairment analysis under the Previous Structure, the Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment as the estimated fair values of all reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts.

In addition to the impairment analysis under the Previous Structure, a goodwill impairment analysis was completed under the Current Structure. Goodwill was also reassigned within the Current Structure using a relative fair value approach.

Quantitative Assessment—The analysis performed included estimating the fair value of each reporting unit using both the income and market approaches. The income approach requires management to estimate a number of factors for each reporting unit, including projected future operating results, economic projections, anticipating future cash flows, discount rates and the allocation of shared or corporate items. The market approach estimates fair value using comparable marketplace fair value data from within a comparable industry grouping. The Company weighted both the income and market approach equally to estimate the concluded fair value of each reporting unit.

The determination of fair value in the quantitative assessment requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions primarily include, but are not limited to: the selection of appropriate peer group companies; the discount rate; terminal growth rates; and forecasts of revenue; operating income; depreciation and amortization; restructuring charges and capital expenditures.

Goodwill Impairment Assumptions—Although the Company believes its estimates of fair value are reasonable, actual financial results could differ from those estimates due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making such estimates. Changes in assumptions concerning future financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting units, the amount of goodwill impairment charge, or both.

One measure of the sensitivity of the amount of goodwill impairment charges to key assumptions is the amount by which each reporting unit “passed” (fair value exceeds carrying amount, a “cushion”) or “failed” (the carrying amount exceeds fair value) the quantitative assessment.

As a result of the March 31, 2020 goodwill impairment analysis under the Current Structure, the Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment as the estimated fair values of all reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts. CM-SS, CM-CCM and IC-SS all had fair values far in excess of book values; however, the IC-CCM reporting unit’s fair value exceeded its book value by approximately 3%. The small amount of cushion between book value and fair value of the IC-CCM reporting unit is primarily driven by the projected negative impact of regulatory developments for certain services and products. As of March 31, 2020, goodwill allocated to the IC-CCM reporting unit was $40.6 million.

Generally, changes in estimates of expected future cash flows would have a similar effect on the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. That is, a 1.0% decrease in estimated annual future cash flows would decrease the estimated fair value of the reporting unit by approximately 1.0%. The estimated long-term net sales growth rate can have a significant impact on the estimated future cash flows, and therefore, the fair value of each reporting unit. Holding all other assumptions constant, a 1.0% decrease in the long-term net sales growth rate would not have resulted in an impairment loss for any of the Company’s reporting units. Of the other key assumptions that impact the estimated fair values, most reporting units have the greatest sensitivity to changes in the estimated discount rate. The discount rate for the IC-CCM reporting unit was 12.0%. Holding all other assumptions constant, a 1.0% increase in the estimated discount rate would have resulted in the fair value of the IC-CCM reporting unit approximating its book value. A 1.0% increase in the discount rate would not have resulted in an impairment for any of the other reporting units under the Current Structure.

The Company believes its estimates of future cash flows and discount rates are reasonable, but future changes in the underlying assumptions could occur due to the inherent uncertainty in making such estimates. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant uncertainty in the macroeconomic and business outlook. Further price deterioration, lower volumes, additional unfavorable regulatory developments or lower than expected profitability of software products still in development could have a significant impact on the fair values of the reporting units. Further declines in the Company’s operating results due to challenging economic conditions, an unfavorable industry or macroeconomic development or other adverse changes in market conditions could change one of the critical assumptions or estimates the Company uses to calculate the fair value of its reporting units which could result in a decrease in fair value and require the Company to record a goodwill impairment charge in future periods.

The Company performs its goodwill impairment tests annually as of October 31 or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company also performs an interim review for indicators of impairment each quarter to assess whether an interim impairment review is required for any reporting unit.

New Accounting Pronouncements and Pending Accounting Standards

Recently issued accounting standards and their estimated effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are described in Note ~~16,~~1, ~~New~~Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting ~~Pronouncements~~Policies, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

The Company has made forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the Company. Generally, forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future actions, events, or results of operations of the Company.

These statements may include words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “continues,” “believes,” “may,” “will,” “goals” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify ~~our~~the Company’s forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, could cause ~~our~~the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those indicated in any such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to:

•

the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and other global public health epidemics on the Company’s business and operations, including demand for DFIN services and products, and the Company’s ability to effectively manage the impacts of the coronavirus on its business operations;

•

the volatility of the global economy and financial markets, and its impact on transactional volume;

•

failure to offer high quality customer support and services;

•

the retention of existing, and continued attraction of additional ~~clients and key employees;~~clients;

•

the growth of new technologies with which wethe Company may be able to adequately compete;

•

~~our~~the Company’s inability to maintain client referrals;

•

~~vulnerability to adverse events as a result of becoming a stand-alone company following the Separation from RRD, including the inability to obtain as favorable of terms from third-party vendors;~~

•

the competitive market for ~~our~~the Company’s products and industry fragmentation affecting ~~our~~ prices;

•

the ability to gain client acceptance of ~~our~~the Company’s new products and technologies;

•

delay in market acceptance of ~~our~~the Company’s services and products ~~and services~~ due to undetected errors or failures found in ~~our products~~the Company’s services and ~~services;~~products;

•

failure to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of ~~our~~the Company’s systems, software and solutions;

•

failure to properly use and protect client and employee information and data;

•

the effect of a material breach of security or other performance issues of any of ~~our~~Company’s or ~~our~~its vendors’ systems;

•

factors that affect client demand, including changes in economic conditions, national or international regulations and clients’ budgetary constraints;

•

~~our~~the Company’s ability to access debt and the capital markets due to adverse credit market conditions;

•

the effect of increasing costs of providing healthcare and other benefits to ~~our~~ employees;

•

changes in the availability or costs of key materials (such as ink and paper) or in prices received for the sale of by-products;

•

failure to protect ~~our~~the Company’s proprietary technology;

•

failure to successfully integrate acquired ~~businesses into our business;~~businesses;

•

availability to maintain ~~our~~the Company’s brands and reputation;

•

the retention of existing, and continued attraction of, key employees, including management;

•

the effects of operating in international markets, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates; and

•

the effect of economic and political conditions on a regional, national or international ~~basis;~~basis.

•

~~lack of market for our common stock;~~

•

~~lack of history as an operating company and costs associated with being an independent company; and~~

•

~~failure to achieve certain intended benefits of the Separation.~~

Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Undue reliance should not be placed on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this document or the date of any document that may be incorporated by reference into this document.

Consequently, readers of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should consider these ~~forward looking~~forward-looking statements only as the Company’s current plans, estimates and beliefs. The Company does not undertake and specifically declines any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect future events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect any new events or any change in conditions or circumstances.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

~~Refer to Item 2 of Part I under “Risk Management.”~~ There have been no significant changes to the Company’s market risk ~~since December 31, 2018. For a discussion of exposure to market risk, refer to Part II, Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of~~previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual ~~Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019.~~Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a)	Disclosure controls and procedures.

Management, together with the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Based on that evaluation the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

(b)	Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For a discussion of certain litigation involving the Company, see Note ~~15,~~7, Commitments and Contingencies, to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There ~~have been~~were no material changes during the first quarter of 2020 to the risk factors ~~disclosed~~identified in the Company’s Annual Report, ~~on Form 10-K~~except as noted below.

The current COVID-19 pandemic and other global public health epidemics may materially adversely impact the Company’s business, its future results of operations and its overall financial performance.

The Company’s business could be materially adversely affected by the risk, or the public perception of risk, related to a pandemic or widespread health crisis, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. A significant outbreak of epidemic, pandemic, or contagious diseases in the human population resulting in a widespread health crisis that adversely affect the broader economies and financial markets will also adversely impact the overall demand environment for DFIN’s services and products. The current global health crisis caused by COVID-19 has adversely affected the ~~year ended December 31, 2018,~~Company’s workforce and clients, as ~~filed~~well as economies and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn. A recession is expected to adversely impact the global market for IPOs and other financial transactions, adversely affecting the demand for DFIN’s services and products (see the Company’s Risk Factor “A significant part of the Company’s business is derived from the use of DFIN’s services and products in connection with financial and strategic business transactions. Trends that affect the volume of these transactions may negatively impact the demand for DFIN’s services and products.” in the Company’s Annual Report), and those adverse effects may be material. In addition, any preventative or protective actions that governments implement or that the Company takes in respect of a global health crises such as COVID-19, such as travel restrictions, quarantines or site closures, may interfere with the ~~SEC~~ability of the Company’s employees and vendors to perform their respective responsibilities and obligations relative to the conduct of DFIN’s business. Such results could have a material adverse effect on ~~February 27, 2019.~~DFIN’s operations, business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. For example, when both the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania enacted stay at home orders, the Company was deemed essential and continued to operate, but there can be no assurances that the operations will continue to be deemed essential both in those locations and in other jurisdictions in which the Company or its vendors operate and are allowed to remain operational. In addition, the Company uses vendors in multiple countries to fulfill the global demand for its services. When global lockdowns were ordered by many governments in March, many of the Company’s vendors had to rapidly transition to work from home, creating process inefficiencies. If the Company is not able to meet its client’s work requirements in a timely fashion or at all, the Company’s business, reputation and ability to retain clients would be adversely affected.

The Company is unable to accurately predict the ultimate impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic due to various uncertainties, including the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the severity of the virus, the duration of the outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities to contain the virus and any economic recession resulting from the pandemic. The Company closely monitors the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, continually assessing its potential effects on its business. The extent to which the Company’s results are affected by COVID-19 will largely depend on future developments which cannot be accurately predicted and are uncertain, but the COVID-19 pandemic or the perception of its effects could have a material adverse effect on DFIN’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—COVID-19 for additional information.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES							ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs		Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (b)
January 1, 2019 - January 31, 2019	—		$	—	—	$	—
February 1, 2019 - February 28, 2019	—		—		—		—
March 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019		83,949		14.67	—		—
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020									—	$	—		—	$	—
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020									—	$	—		—	$	—
March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020									781,365	$	6.71		615,896	$	21,190,644
Total		83,949	$	14.67	—				781,365	$	6.71		615,896	$	21,190,644

____________

~~(a) Shares~~

(a)	165,469 shares were withheld by the Company for tax liabilities upon vesting of equity awards

(b)

On February 4, 2020, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program, under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $25.0 million of its outstanding common stock from time to time in one or more transactions on the open market or in privately negotiated purchases in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations and all repurchases in the open market will be made in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The timing and amount of any shares repurchased will be determined by the Company based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors. Repurchases may also be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, which would permit shares to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so under insider trading laws. The stock repurchase program will be effective through December 31, 2021, however, it may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

3.1			Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)

3.2			Amended and Restated By-laws of Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)

4.1			Indenture, dated as of September 30, 2016, among Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)

4.2			Description of the Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2019, filed on February 26, 2020)

10.1			Credit Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2016, among Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc., as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)*

10.2			Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2017, among Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc., as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2017, filed on November 2, 2017)

10.3			Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2018, by and among Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc., the lenders party thereto from time to time and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 18, 2018, filed on December 18, 2018)

10.4			2016 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)*

10.5			Amended and Restated Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. 2016 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 18, 2017, filed on May 23, 2017)*

10.6			Amendment to the Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Amended and Restated 2016 Performance Incentive Plan dated May 20, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A (file No. 001-37728) filed April 22, 2019)*

10.7			Amendment to Amended and Restated Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. 2016 Performance Incentive Plan dated June 27, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-Q dated June 30, 2019, filed on August 1, 2019)*

10.8			Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2017, filed on February 28, 2018)*

~~10.7~~10.9			Policy on Retirement Benefits, Phantom Stock Grants and Stock Options for Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to R.R Donnelley & Sons Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, filed on August 6, 2008)*

~~10.8~~10.10			Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, dated as of September 22, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)*

~~10.9~~10.11			Donnelley Financial Unfunded Supplemental Pension Plan effective October 1, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2016, filed on February 28, 2017)*

~~10.10~~10.12			Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. Executive Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 30, 2017, filed on June 5, 2017)*

~~10.11~~10.13			Letter Agreement to Employment Agreement, dated as of April 20, 2018, between the Company and Daniel N. Leib (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 10, 2018, filed on April 16, 2018)*

~~10.12~~10.14			Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2017, between the Company and Daniel N. Leib (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 13, 2017, filed on July 14, 2017)*

~~10.13~~10.15			Assignment of Employment Agreement and Acceptance of Assignment, dated as of September 29, 2016, between Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Thomas F. Juhase (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)*

~~10.14~~10.16			Waiver of Severance Benefits, dated as of June 1, 2017, by and between Thomas F. Juhase and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 30, 2017, filed on June 5, 2017)*

~~10.15~~10.17			Assignment of Employment Agreement and Acceptance of Assignment, dated as of September 29, 2016, between Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and David A. Gardella (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)*


~~10.16~~10.18			Waiver of Severance Benefits, dated as of June 1, 2017, by and between David A. Gardella and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 30, 2017, filed on June 5, 2017)*

~~10.17~~10.19			Assignment of Severance Agreement and Acceptance of Assignment, dated as of September 29, 2016, between Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Jennifer B. Reiners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2016, filed on October 3, 2016)*

~~10.18~~10.20			Waiver of Severance Benefits, dated as of June 1, 2017, by and between Jennifer B. Reiners and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 30, 2017, filed on June 5, 2017)*

~~10.19~~10.21			Donnelley Financial Solutions Annual Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 2, 2018, filed on March 13, 2018)*

~~10.20~~			Form of Founders Award (Restricted Stock) Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2016, filed on February 28, 2017)*

~~10.21~~10.22			Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (for 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2017, filed on May 4, 2017)*

~~10.22~~10.23			Form of Amendment to Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (for 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 30, 2017, filed on June 5, 2017)*

~~10.23~~10.24			Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2017, filed on February 28, 2018)*

~~10.24~~10.25			Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (for 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2017, filed on May 4, 2017)*

~~10.25~~10.26			Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (for 2019) ~~(filed herewith)~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2018, filed on May 2, 2019)*

~~10.26~~10.27			Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2017, filed on May 4, 2017)*

~~10.27~~10.28			Form of Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2017, filed on May 4, 2017)*

~~10.28~~10.29			Agreement regarding title and retention bonus for Thomas Juhase dated March 21, 2016 converted from R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2016, filed on February 28, 2017)*

~~10.29~~10.30			Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2016, filed on February 28, 2017)*


~~10.30~~10.31			Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for directors converted from R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, filed on March 14, 2005)*

~~10.31~~10.32			Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for directors converted from R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, filed on February 27, 2008)*

~~10.32~~10.33			Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for directors converted from R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, filed on February 25, 2009)*

~~10.33~~10.34			Form of Amendment to Director Restricted Stock Unit Awards converted from R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, filed on February 25, 2009)*

~~10.34~~10.35			Form of Amendment to Director Restricted Stock Unit Awards dated May 21, 2009 converted from R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company to the Company pursuant to the Separation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, filed on August 5, 2009)*

~~10.35~~10.36			Form of Director Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2016, filed on November 9, 2016)

~~10.36~~10.37			Agreement, dated February 17, 2019, by and among the Company, Simcoe Capital Management, LLC and, solely for purposes of Section 2(g) thereof, Jeffrey Jacobowitz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 17, 2019, filed on February 19, 2019)

10.38			Amended and Restated Agreement of Sale and Purchase, dated as of September 6, 2019, between Donnelley Financial, LLC and SECA-NJ, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2019, filed on November 5, 2019)

10.39			First Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement of Sale and Purchase, dated as of September 25, 2019, between Donnelley Financial, LLC and SECA-NJ, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2019, filed on November 5, 2019)

10.40			Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement of Sale and Purchase, dated as of September 26, 2019, between Donnelley Financial, LLC and SECA-NJ, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2019, filed on November 5, 2019)

10.41			Form of Performance Cash Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 2, 2020, filed on March 6, 2020)*

10.42			Form of Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 2, 2020, filed on March 6, 2020)*

14.1			Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2016, filed on February 28, 2017)

22.1			Guarantor subsidiaries of the Registrant of the Registrant’s 8.25% Senior Notes due October 15, 2024 (filed herewith)

31.1			Certification by Daniel N. Leib, President and Chief Executive Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith)

31.2			Certification by David A. Gardella, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith)

32.1			Certification by Daniel N. Leib, President and Chief Executive Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (filed herewith)


32.2			Certification by David A. Gardella, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (filed herewith)

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101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

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104

The cover page for the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

*	Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	DONNELLEY FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, INC.

	By:		/s/ DAVID A. GARDELLA
			David A. Gardella
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: May ~~2, 2019~~7, 2020

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Point in time		Over time		Total
U.S.
Capital Markets	$	93.5	$	24.0	$	117.5
Investment Markets*		76.0		13.5		89.5
Language Solutions*		6.1		—		6.1
Total U.S.		175.6		37.5		213.1
International		37.9		4.2		42.1
Total net sales	$	213.5	$	41.7	$	255.2

Balance at January 1, 2018	$	14.2
Deferral of revenue		9.4
Revenue recognized		(10.5	)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	13.1

Accounts receivable	$	0.3
Other intangible assets		11.4
Software		0.8
Goodwill		12.9
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(0.4	)
Deferred taxes-net		(1.7	)
Total purchase price-net of cash acquired		23.3
Less: fair value of the Company's previously held investment in eBrevia		(3.3	)
Less: fair value of contingent consideration		(0.8	)
Less: payable for initial consideration		(2.0	)
Less: amounts held in escrow and liabilities assumed		(2.5	)
Net cash paid	$	14.7

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials and manufacturing supplies	$	4.6	$	4.0
Work in process		10.2		8.1
Total	$	14.8	$	12.1

	March 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross							Gross
	Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book		Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book
	Amount		Amortization			Value		Amount		Amortization			Value

Customer relationships	$	149.6	$	(116.9	)	$	32.7	$	149.3	$	(113.1	)	$	36.2
Trade names		3.9		(3.0	)		0.9		3.9		(2.9	)		1.0
Total other intangible assets	$	153.5	$	(119.9	)	$	33.6	$	153.2	$	(116.0	)	$	37.2

	Amount
2019 ^(a)	$	20.7
2020		24.4
2021		19.7
2022		15.4
2023		11.6
2024 and thereafter		18.2
Total lease payments		110.0
Less: Interest		(13.7	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	96.3

As of March 31, 2019
Accrued liabilities	$	22.4
Noncurrent lease liabilities		73.9
Total	$	96.3

Year ended December 31	Amount
2019	$	26.4
2020		22.6
2021		16.6
2022		10.9
2023		8.7
2024 and thereafter		16.3
Total	$	101.5

Three Months Ended	Employee		Total Restructuring		Other
March 31, 2019	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Total
U.S.	$	0.5	$	0.5	$	0.1	$	0.6
International		0.6		0.6		—		0.6
Corporate		0.9		0.9		—		0.9
Total	$	2.0	$	2.0	$	0.1	$	2.1

Three Months Ended	Employee			Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring			Other
March 31, 2018	Terminations			Charges		Charges			Charges		Total
U.S.	$	0.1		$	0.5	$	0.6		$	0.1	$	0.7
International		(0.1	)		—		(0.1	)		—		(0.1	)
Corporate		0.1			—		0.1			—		0.1
Total	$	0.1		$	0.5	$	0.6		$	0.1	$	0.7


	December 31,		Restructuring					Adoption of			Cash			March 31,
	2018		Charges		Reversals			ASU 2016-02			Paid			2019
Employee terminations	$	0.4	$	2.1	$	(0.1	)	$	—		$	(1.0	)	$	1.4
Lease terminations		1.1		—		—			(1.1	)		—			—
Other		0.2		—		—			—			—			0.2
Total	$	1.7	$	2.1	$	(0.1	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(1.0	)	$	1.6

	2019			2018
Expected volatility		27.47	%		27.75	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.58	%		2.71	%
Expected life (years)	6.25			6.25
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%

					Weighted
					Average
			Weighted		Remaining		Aggregate
	Shares Under		Average		Contractual		Intrinsic
	Option		Exercise		Term		Value
	(thousands)		Price		(years)		(millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		635	$	21.44		7.2	$	—
Granted		196		14.15		9.9
Outstanding at March 31, 2019		831		19.85		7.7		—
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2019		790		19.94		7.6		—
Exercisable at March 31, 2019		—	N/A		N/A		N/A

				Weighted
	Shares			Average Grant
	(Thousands)			Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2018		700		$	19.60
Granted		514			14.15
Vested		(251	)
Forfeited		(14	)
Nonvested at March 31, 2019		949		$	16.18

								Income (Loss)					Depreciation
	Total		Intersegment			Net		from			Assets of		and		Capital
	Sales		Sales			Sales		Operations			Operations		Amortization		Expenditures
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
U.S.	$	204.9	$	(2.1	)	$	202.8	$	21.3		$	801.6	$	10.3	$	15.0
International		27.3		(0.5	)		26.8		(3.3	)		92.5		1.6		—
Total operating segments		232.2		(2.6	)		229.6		18.0			894.1		11.9		15.0
Corporate		—		—			—		(11.4	)		108.3		0.2		0.1
Total operations	$	232.2	$	(2.6	)	$	229.6	$	6.6		$	1,002.4	$	12.1	$	15.1

	Parent			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated

Services net sales	$	—		$	109.8		$	19.6		$	(1.5	)	$	127.9
Products net sales		—			95.1			7.7			(1.1	)		101.7
Total net sales		—			204.9			27.3			(2.6	)		229.6
Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		—			62.6			14.1			(1.3	)		75.4
Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		—			73.1			6.7			(1.3	)		78.5
Total cost of sales		—			135.7			20.8			(2.6	)		153.9
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		—			47.2			7.7			—			54.9
Restructuring, impairment and other charges-net		—			1.5			0.6			—			2.1
Depreciation and amortization		—			10.5			1.6			—			12.1
Income (loss) from operations		—			10.0			(3.4	)		—			6.6
Interest expense (income)-net		9.2			—			(0.3	)		—			8.9
Intercompany interest (income) expense - net		(5.8	)		5.8			—			—			—
Investment and other income-net		—			(0.6	)		—			—			(0.6	)
(Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiaries		(3.4	)		4.8			(3.1	)		—			(1.7	)
Income tax (benefit) expense		(0.6	)		0.9			(0.6	)		—			(0.3	)
(Loss) earnings before equity in net income of subsidiaries		(2.8	)		3.9			(2.5	)		—			(1.4	)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries		1.4			(2.5	)		—			1.1			—
Net (loss) earnings	$	(1.4	)	$	1.4		$	(2.5	)	$	1.1		$	(1.4	)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	1.2		$	3.9		$	(0.3	)	$	(3.6	)	$	1.2

Supplemental non-cash disclosure:
Intercompany debt allocation	$	(376.0)			$	376.0			$	—			$	—			$	—

	Net Sales for the Three Months
	Ended March 31,
Reporting unit	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Capital Markets	$	109.7	$	117.5	$	(7.8	)		(6.6	%)
Investment Markets*		93.1		89.5		3.6			4.0	%
Language Solutions*		—		6.1		(6.1	)		(100.0	%)
Total U.S.	$	202.8	$	213.1	$	(10.3	)		(4.8	%)

	Debt Maturity Schedule
	Total		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter
Notes ^(a)	$	300.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	300.0
Borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Facility ^(b)		72.5		—		—		—		—		72.5		—
Borrowings under the Revolving Facility		48.5				—		—		—		48.5		—
Total	$	421.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	121.0	$	300.0

Large Accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-Accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company