Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See ~~definition~~the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

As of October ~~30, 2019,~~27, 2020, there were outstanding ~~9,883,017~~9,976,893 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value ~~$.10~~$0.10 per share.

As of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and for the Three and Six-Month Periods Ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
	(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)						(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)						(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)						(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Net sales	$	21,643		$	21,441		$	42,236		$	50,992		$	27,954		$	21,643		$	44,664		$	42,236
Cost of products sold		16,695			15,214			32,574			37,623			20,261			16,695			35,403			32,574
Gross profit		4,948			6,227			9,662			13,369			7,693			4,948			9,261			9,662
Other expenses and income:
Selling, general and administrative		3,847			4,718			8,403			9,269			4,253			3,847			8,155			8,403
Selling, general and administrative – amortization		—			60			11			119			—			—			—			11
Other expense		—			—			523			—			—			—			—			523
Other income		(87	)		(206	)		(174	)		(412	)		(54	)		(87	)		(109	)		(174	)
Interest income		(363	)		(351	)		(762	)		(640	)		(26	)		(363	)		(120	)		(762	)
Interest expense		4			1			7			3			3			4			8			7
Total other expenses and income		3,401			4,222			8,008			8,339			4,176			3,401			7,934			8,008
Income before provision for income taxes		1,547			2,005			1,654			5,030			3,517			1,547			1,327			1,654
Provision for income taxes		342			178			367			880			773			342			401			367
Net income	$	1,205		$	1,827		$	1,287		$	4,150		$	2,744		$	1,205		$	926		$	1,287
Per share data
Basic:
Net income	$	0.12		$	0.19		$	0.13		$	0.42		$	0.27		$	0.12		$	0.09		$	0.13
Diluted:
Net income	$	0.12		$	0.19		$	0.13		$	0.42		$	0.27		$	0.12		$	0.09		$	0.13
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		9,883			9,832			9,869			9,810			9,977			9,883			9,936			9,869
Diluted		9,885			9,848			9,872			9,826			9,977			9,885			9,936			9,872
Dividends declared per share	$	0.11		$	0.10		$	0.21		$	0.19		$	0.11		$	0.11		$	0.22		$	0.21

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,					September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020		2019			2020		2019
	(Amounts in thousands)						(Amounts in thousands)						(Amounts in thousands)					(Amounts in thousands)
Net income	$	1,205		$	1,827		$	1,287		$	4,150		$	2,744	$	1,205		$	926	$	1,287
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(136	)		(134	)		(223	)		(333	)		146		(136	)		155		(223	)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans net of income tax expense of $54 and $48, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $109 and $97 for the six months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively		195			170			389			340
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans net of income tax expense of $63 and $54 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $124 and $109 for the six months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively														204		195			409		389
Total other comprehensive income		59			36			166			7			350		59			564		166
Total comprehensive income	$	1,264		$	1,863		$	1,453		$	4,157		$	3,094	$	1,264		$	1,490	$	1,453

	September 30,			March 31,			September 30,			March 31,
	2019			2019			2020			2020
	(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)						(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,882		$	15,021		$	62,356		$	32,955
Investments		61,914			62,732			5,500			40,048
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances ($26 and $33 at September 30 and March 31, 2019, respectively)		12,120			17,582
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances ($41 and $33 at September 30 and March 31, 2020, respectively)								19,276			15,400
Unbilled revenue		13,036			7,522			13,691			14,592
Inventories		23,597			24,670			20,615			22,291
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,165			1,333			1,378			906
Income taxes receivable		840			1,073			322			485
Assets held for sale		—			4,850
Total current assets		124,554			134,783			123,138			126,677
Property, plant and equipment, net		16,761			17,071			17,327			17,587
Prepaid pension asset		4,702			4,267			3,881			3,460
Operating lease assets		312			—			171			243
Other assets		135			149			105			153
Total assets	$	146,464		$	156,270		$	144,622		$	148,120
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of capital lease obligations	$	50		$	51
Current portion of finance lease obligations							$	26		$	40
Accounts payable		7,617			12,405			11,669			14,253
Accrued compensation		5,273			5,126			5,082			4,453
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		2,443			2,933			3,867			3,352
Customer deposits		29,609			30,847			24,838			26,983
Operating lease liabilities		148			—			110			153
Liabilities held for sale		—			3,525
Total current liabilities		45,140			54,887			45,592			49,234
Capital lease obligations		71			95
Finance lease obligations								45			55
Operating lease liabilities		157			—			53			82
Deferred income tax liability		1,283			1,056			988			721
Accrued pension liability		704			662			800			747
Accrued postretirement benefits		614			604			567			557
Total liabilities		47,969			57,304			48,045			51,396
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 500 shares authorized		—			—			—			—
Common stock, $.10 par value, 25,500 shares authorized, 10,699 and 10,650 shares issued and 9,883 and 9,843 shares outstanding at September 30 and March 31, 2019, respectively		1,070			1,065
Common stock, $0.10 par value, 25,500 shares authorized, 10,780 and 10,689 shares issued and 9,977 and 9,881 shares outstanding at September 30 and March 31, 2020, respectively								1,078			1,069
Capital in excess of par value		25,714			25,277			26,866			26,361
Retained earnings		92,979			93,847			90,120			91,389
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(8,667	)		(8,833	)		(8,992	)		(9,556	)
Treasury stock (816 and 807 shares at September 30 and March 31, 2019, respectively)		(12,601	)		(12,390	)
Treasury stock (803 and 808 shares at September 30 and March 31, 2020, respectively)								(12,495	)		(12,539	)
Total stockholders’ equity		98,495			98,966			96,577			96,724
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	146,464		$	156,270		$	144,622		$	148,120

	Six Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Operating activities:	(Dollar amounts in thousands)						(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Net income	$	1,287		$	4,150		$	926		$	1,287
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used) provided by operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation		980			980			972			980
Amortization		11			119			—			11
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost and actuarial losses		498			437
Amortization of actuarial losses								533			498
Equity-based compensation expense		412			534			494			412
Loss on disposal or sale of property, plant and equipment		—			30
Gain on disposal or sale of property, plant and equipment								3			—
Loss on sale of Energy Steel & Supply Co.		87			—			—			87
Deferred income taxes		119			207			191			119
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Accounts receivable		5,287			2,656			(3,820	)		5,287
Unbilled revenue		(5,514	)		(5,276	)		901			(5,514	)
Inventories		990			3,652			1,808			990
Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets		109			(679	)		(456	)		109
Income taxes receivable		233			(303	)		163			233
Operating lease assets		138			—			75			138
Prepaid pension asset		(435	)		(576	)		(421	)		(435	)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable		(4,721	)		(6,097	)		(2,544	)		(4,721	)
Accrued compensation, accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities		(268	)		1,086			1,214			(268	)
Customer deposits		(1,116	)		4,096			(2,285	)		(1,116	)
Operating lease liabilities		(64	)		—			(75	)		(64	)
Long-term portion of accrued compensation, accrued pension liability and accrued postretirement benefits		52			59			63			52
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities		(1,915	)		5,075
Net cash used by operating activities								(2,258	)		(1,915	)
Investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(679	)		(367	)		(797	)		(679	)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment								6			—
Proceeds from the sale of Energy Steel & Supply Co.		602			—			—			602
Purchase of investments		(82,414	)		(64,611	)		(31,603	)		(82,414	)
Redemption of investments at maturity		83,232			45,023			66,151			83,232
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities		741			(19,955	)
Net cash provided by investing activities								33,757			741
Financing activities:
Principal repayments on capital lease obligations		(25	)		(52	)
Issuance of common stock		—			171
Principal repayments on finance lease obligations								(24	)		(25	)
Principal repayments on long-term debt								(4,599	)
Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt								4,599
Dividends paid		(2,075	)		(1,868	)		(2,195	)		(2,075	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(230	)		(146	)		(23	)		(230	)
Net cash used by financing activities		(2,330	)		(1,895	)		(2,242	)		(2,330	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(187	)		(303	)		144			(187	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within current assets held for sale		(3,691	)		(17,078	)
Plus: Net decrease in cash classified within current assets held for sale		552			—
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(3,139	)		(17,078	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within current assets held for sale								29,401			(3,691	)
Net decrease in cash classified within current assets held for sale								—			552
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents								29,401			(3,139	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		15,021			40,456			32,955			15,021
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	11,882		$	23,378		$	62,356		$	11,882

	Common Stock						Capital in						Accumulated Other						Total			Common Stock						Capital in						Accumulated Other						Total
				Par			Excess of			Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders'						Par			Excess of			Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders'
	Shares			Value			Par Value			Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity			Shares			Value			Par Value			Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity
Balance at April 1, 2019		10,650		$	1,065		$	25,277		$	93,847		$	(8,833	)	$	(12,390	)	$	98,966
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle											(80	)								(80	)
Balance at April 1, 2020																							10,689		$	1,069		$	26,361		$	91,389		$	(9,556	)	$	(12,539	)	$	96,724
Comprehensive income											82			107						189												(1,818	)		214						(1,604	)
Issuance of shares		83			8			(8	)											—			113			11			(11	)											—
Forfeiture of shares		(34	)		(3	)		3												—			(22	)		(2	)		2												—
Dividends											(988	)								(988	)											(1,097	)								(1,097	)
Recognition of equity-based compensation expense								88												88									164												164
Purchase of treasury stock																	(230	)		(230	)																	(23	)		(23	)
Balance at June 30, 2019		10,699			1,070			25,360			92,861			(8,726	)		(12,620	)		97,945
Balance at June 30, 2020																							10,780			1,078			26,516			88,474			(9,342	)		(12,562	)		94,164
Comprehensive income											1,205			59						1,264												2,744			350						3,094
Dividends											(1,087	)								(1,087	)											(1,098	)								(1,098	)
Recognition of equity-based compensation expense								324												324									330												330
Issuance of treasury stock								30									19			49									20									67			87
Balance at September 30, 2019		10,699		$	1,070		$	25,714		$	92,979		$	(8,667	)	$	(12,601	)	$	98,495
Balance at September 30, 2020																							10,780		$	1,078		$	26,866		$	90,120		$	(8,992	)	$	(12,495	)	$	96,577

	Common Stock				Capital in					Accumulated Other						Total			Common Stock						Capital in						Accumulated Other						Total
			Par		Excess of		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders'						Par			Excess of			Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders'
	Shares		Value		Par Value		Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity			Shares			Value			Par Value			Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity
Balance at April 1, 2018		10,579	$	1,058	$	23,826	$	99,011		$	(8,250	)	$	(12,296	)	$	103,349
Balance at April 1, 2019																				10,650		$	1,065		$	25,277		$	93,847		$	(8,833	)	$	(12,390	)	$	98,966
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle								(1,022	)								(1,022	)											(80	)								(80	)
Comprehensive income								2,323			(29	)					2,294												82			107						189
Issuance of shares		59		6		96											102			83			8			(8	)											—
Forfeiture of shares																				(34	)		(3	)		3												—
Dividends								(885	)								(885	)											(988	)								(988	)
Recognition of equity-based compensation expense						260											260									88												88
Purchase of treasury stock														(146	)		(146	)																	(230	)		(230	)
Balance at June 30, 2018		10,638		1,064		24,182		99,427			(8,279	)		(12,442	)		103,952
Balance at June 30, 2019																				10,699			1,070			25,360			92,861			(8,726	)		(12,620	)		97,945
Comprehensive income								1,827			36						1,863												1,205			59						1,264
Issuance of shares		4				69											69
Dividends								(983	)								(983	)											(1,087	)								(1,087	)
Recognition of equity-based compensation expense						274											274									324												324
Issuance of treasury stock						47								32			79									30									19			49
Balance at September 30, 2018		10,642	$	1,064	$	24,572	$	100,271		$	(8,243	)	$	(12,410	)	$	105,254
Balance at September 30, 2019																				10,699		$	1,070		$	25,714		$	92,979		$	(8,667	)	$	(12,601	)	$	98,495

Graham Corporation's (the "Company's") Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include its wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries located in Suzhou, China and Ahmedabad, India. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 ("fiscal 2019") the Company decided to divest of its wholly-owned domestic subsidiary, Energy Steel & Supply Co. ("Energy Steel"), located in Lapeer, Michigan. The sale of Energy Steel was completed in June 2019 and the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of operations of Energy Steel for the period April 1, 2018 through June 23, 2019. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule ~~10-01~~8-03 of Regulation S-X, each as promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 presented herein was derived from the Company’s audited Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. For additional information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2019~~ 2020 ("fiscal ~~2019.~~2020"). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair presentation, have been included in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company's results of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the current fiscal year, which ends March 31, ~~2020~~2021 ("fiscal ~~2020"~~2021").

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), which it adopted on April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.

The Company recognizes revenue on contracts when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of the product to the customer. For contracts in which revenue is recognized upon shipment, control is generally transferred when products are shipped, title is transferred, significant risks of ownership have transferred, the Company has rights to payment, and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. For contracts in which revenue is recognized over time, control is generally transferred as the Company creates an asset that does not have an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for the performance completed to date.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by product line and geographic area:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				September 30,				September 30,
Product Line	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
Heat transfer equipment	$	6,479	$	6,173	$	14,331	$	10,331	$	13,307	$	6,479	$	23,980	$	14,331
Vacuum equipment		8,733		7,842		14,263		25,058		9,381		8,733		11,932		14,263
All other		6,431		7,426		13,642		15,603		5,266		6,431		8,752		13,642
Net sales	$	21,643	$	21,441	$	42,236	$	50,992	$	27,954	$	21,643	$	44,664	$	42,236


Geographic Region
Asia	$	1,018	$	1,876	$	4,237	$	4,625	$	4,529	$	1,018	$	9,692	$	4,237
Canada		1,896		3,473		3,244		15,123		1,938		1,896		2,930		3,244
Middle East		512		464		1,285		899		988		512		1,437		1,285
South America		2,117		68		2,476		192		2,592		2,117		2,812		2,476
U.S.		15,731		15,073		30,179		28,526		17,252		15,731		26,690		30,179
All other		369		487		815		1,627		655		369		1,103		815
Net sales	$	21,643	$	21,441	$	42,236	$	50,992	$	27,954	$	21,643	$	44,664	$	42,236

A performance obligation represents a promise in a contract to provide a distinct good or service to a ~~customer and is the unit of accounting pursuant to ASC 606.~~customer. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Transaction price reflects the

amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferred products. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied. In certain cases, the Company may separate a contract into more than one performance obligation, while in other cases, several products may be part of a fully integrated solution and are bundled into a single performance obligation. If a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods underlying each performance obligation. The Company has made an accounting policy election to exclude from the measurement of the contract price all taxes assessed by government authorities that are collected by the Company from its customers. The Company does not adjust the contract price for the effects of a financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when a product is transferred to a customer and when the customer pays for the product will be one year or less. Shipping and handling fees billed to the customer are recorded in revenue and the related costs incurred for shipping and handling are included in cost of products sold.

Revenue on the majority of the Company’s contracts, as measured by number of contracts, is recognized upon shipment to the ~~customer, however, revenue~~customer. Revenue on larger contracts, which are fewer in number but represent the majority of revenue, is recognized over ~~time as these contracts meet specific criteria established in ASC 606.~~time. Revenue from contracts that is recognized upon shipment accounted for approximately ~~30%~~40% and ~~35%~~30% of revenue for the three-month periods ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, and revenue from contracts that is recognized over time accounted for approximately ~~70%~~60% and ~~65%~~70% of revenue for the three-month periods ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Revenue from contracts that is recognized upon shipment accounted for approximately 50% and 35% of revenue ~~in each of~~for the six-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018~~respectively, and revenue from contracts that is recognized over time accounted for approximately 50% and 65% of revenue for ~~each of~~ the six-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018.~~respectively. During the six months ended September 30, 2020, revenue recognized over time as a percentage of total revenue was lower as compared with the prior year period due to limited production on large contracts during the first quarter of fiscal 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company recognizes revenue over time when contract performance results in the creation of a product for which the Company does not have an alternative use and the contract includes an enforceable right to payment in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the performance completed. To measure progress towards completion on performance obligations for which revenue is recognized over time the Company utilizes an input method based upon a ratio of direct labor hours incurred to date to management’s estimate of the total labor hours to be incurred on each contract or an output method based upon completion of operational milestones, depending upon the nature of the contract. The Company has established the systems and procedures essential to developing the estimates required to account for performance obligations over time. These procedures include monthly review by management of costs incurred, progress towards completion, identified risks and opportunities, sourcing determinations, changes in estimates of costs yet to be incurred, availability of materials, and execution by subcontractors. Sales and earnings are adjusted in current accounting periods based on revisions in the contract value due to pricing changes and estimated costs at completion. Losses on contracts are recognized immediately when evident to management.

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collections affect trade accounts receivable, unbilled revenue (contract assets) and customer deposits (contract liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unbilled revenue represents revenue on contracts that is recognized over time and exceeds the amount that has been billed to the customer. Unbilled revenue is separately presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company may have an unconditional right to payment upon

billing and prior to satisfying the performance obligations. The Company will then record a contract liability and an offsetting asset of equal amount until the deposit is collected and the performance obligations are satisfied. Customer deposits are separately presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Customer deposits are not considered a significant financing component as they are generally received less than one year before the product is completed or used to procure specific material on a contract, as well as related overhead costs incurred during design and construction.

	September 30, 2019			March 31, 2019			Change		September 30, 2020			March 31, 2020			Change

Unbilled revenue (contract assets)	$	13,036		$	7,522		$	5,514	$	13,691		$	14,592		$	(901	)
Customer deposits (contract liabilities)		(29,609	)		(30,847	)		1,238		(24,838	)		(26,983	)		2,145
Net contract liabilities	$	(16,573	)	$	(23,325	)	$	6,752	$	(11,147	)	$	(12,391	)	$	1,244

Contract liabilities at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019~~2020 include ~~$3,904~~$2,420 and ~~$6,382,~~$3,660, respectively, of customer deposits for which the Company has an unconditional right to collect payment. Trade accounts receivable, as presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, includes corresponding balances at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Revenue recognized in the three and six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 that was included in the contract liability balance at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$5,610~~$2,700 and ~~$11,032,~~$10,050, respectively. Changes in the net contract liability balance during the six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 were impacted by a ~~$5,514 increase~~$901 decrease in contract assets, of which ~~$6,590~~$12,283 was due to contract progress offset by invoicing to customers

of ~~$1,076.~~$13,184. In addition, contract liabilities decreased ~~$1,238~~$2,145 driven by revenue recognized in the current period that was included in the contract liability balance at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 offset by new customer deposits of ~~$9,794.~~$7,905.

Receivables billed but not paid under retainage provisions in the Company’s customer contracts were ~~$2,319~~$2,232 and ~~$2,214~~$2,016 at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

Incremental costs to obtain a contract consist of sales employee and agent commissions. Commissions paid to employees and sales agents are capitalized when paid and amortized to selling, general and administrative expense when the related revenue is recognized. Capitalized costs, net of amortization, to obtain a contract were ~~$100~~$309 and ~~$133~~$45 at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, and are included in the line item "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The related amortization expense was ~~$40~~$89 and ~~$42~~$40 in the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, and ~~$86~~$251 and ~~$82~~$86 in the six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

The Company’s remaining unsatisfied performance obligations represent a measure of the total dollar value of work to be performed on contracts awarded and in progress. The Company also refers to this measure as backlog. As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company had remaining unsatisfied performance obligations of ~~$127,765.~~$114,851. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately ~~55%~~60% to ~~60%~~65% of the remaining performance obligations within one year, ~~10%~~15% to ~~15%~~20% in one to two years and the remaining beyond two years.

Investments consist of certificates of deposits with financial institutions. All investments have original maturities of greater than three months and less than one year and are classified as held-to-maturity, as the Company believes it has the intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Investments are stated at amortized cost which approximates fair value. All investments held by the Company at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 are scheduled to mature on or before December ~~30, 2019.~~24, 2020.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the average cost method.

	September 30,		March 31,		September 30,		March 31,
	2019		2019		2020		2020
Raw materials and supplies	$	2,616	$	2,787	$	3,302	$	3,061
Work in process		19,722		20,553		14,832		18,018
Finished products		1,259		1,330		2,481		1,212
Total	$	23,597	$	24,670	$	20,615	$	22,291

~~In March 2019, the Company~~'s Board of Directors approved a plan to sell Energy Steel. Energy Steel met all of the criteria to classify its assets and liabilities as held for sale at March 31, 2019. The disposal of Energy Steel did not represent a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results and was, therefore, not classified as discontinued operations in accordance with ASU 2014-08, "Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operation And Disclosures of Disposals Of Components Of An Entity." As part of the required assessment under the held for sale guidance, the Company determined that the approximate fair value less costs to sell the operations was less than its carrying value and, as a result, an impairment loss totaling $6,449 was recorded in fiscal 2019.

On June 24, 2019, the Company completed the sale of Energy Steel to Hayward Tyler, a division of Avingtrans PLC, a global leader in performance-critical pumps and motors for the energy sector. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, the Company received proceeds of $602, subject to certain adjustments, including a customary working capital adjustment. The purchase price was finalized within 90 days of the sale and no adjustments to the purchase price were required. In addition, $202 of Energy Steel’s net accounts receivable was retained by the Company. The Company recognized a loss on the disposal of $87 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. As of June 24, 2019, all of the Energy Steel assets and liabilities were legally transferred, and therefore, are not included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2019.

~~The following table reconciles the major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2019:~~

The ~~Amended and Restated 2000~~2020 Graham Corporation Equity Incentive Plan ~~to Increase Shareholder Value, as~~(the "2020 Plan") was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Annual Meeting on ~~July 28, 2016,~~August 11, 2020 and provides for the issuance of ~~up to 1,375~~422 shares of common stock in connection with grants of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock ~~awards~~units and ~~performance~~stock awards to officers, key employees and outside ~~directors; provided, however, that~~directors. The shares available for issuance include 112 remaining available shares under the Company’s prior plan, the Amended and Restated 2000 Graham Corporation Incentive Plan to Increase Shareholder Value (the "2000 Plan"). As of August 11, 2020, the effective date of the 2020 Plan, 0 further awards will be granted under the 2000 Plan. However, any previously outstanding award granted under the 2000 Plan remains subject to the terms of such plan until the time it is no ~~more than 467~~longer outstanding.

NaN restricted stock awards were granted in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Restricted stock awards granted in the six-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 113 and 83, respectively. Restricted shares of ~~common stock may be used~~54 and 40 granted to officers in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively, vest 100% on the third anniversary of the grant date subject to the satisfaction of the performance metrics for ~~awards other than stock options.~~the applicable three-year period. Restricted shares of 38 and 28 granted to officers and key employees in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively, vest 33⅓% per year over a three-year term. Restricted shares of 21 and 15 granted to directors in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively, vest 100% on the first year anniversary of the grant date. Stock

options may be granted at prices not less than the fair market value at the date of grant and expire no later than ten years after the date of grant.

No restricted stock awards were granted in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Restricted stock awards granted in the six-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 83 and 53, respectively. Restricted shares of 40 and 27 granted to officers in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, respectively, vest 100% on the third anniversary of the grant date subject to the satisfaction of the performance metrics for the applicable three-year period. Restricted shares of 28 and 20 granted to officers and key employees in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, respectively, vest 33⅓% per year over a three-year term. Restricted shares of 15 and 6 granted to directors in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, respectively, vest 100% on the first year anniversary of the grant date. No NaN stock option awards were granted in the three-month or six-month periods ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019.

During the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company recognized equity-based compensation costs related to restricted stock awards of ~~$313~~$316 and ~~$274,~~$313, respectively. The income tax benefit recognized related to equity-based compensation was ~~$69~~$73 and ~~$60~~$69 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. During the six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company recognized equity-based compensation costs related to restricted stock awards of ~~$401~~$471 and ~~$534,~~$401, respectively. The income tax benefit recognized related to equity-based compensation was ~~$89~~$111 and ~~$118~~$89 for the six months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively.

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"), which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock at a discount of up to 15% of its fair market value on the (1) last, (2) first or (3) lower of the last or first day of the six-month offering period. A total of 200 shares of common stock may be purchased under the ESPP. During the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company recognized equity-based compensation costs of ~~$11~~$14 and ~~$0,~~$11, respectively, related to the ESPP and $2$3 and ~~$0,~~$2, respectively, of related tax benefits. During the six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company recognized equity-based compensation costs of ~~$11~~$23 and ~~$0,~~$11, respectively, related to the ESPP and $2$5 and ~~$0,~~$2, respectively, of related tax benefits.

Basic income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and, when applicable, potential common shares outstanding during the period. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted income per share is presented below:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
Basic income per share
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,205	$	1,827	$	1,287	$	4,150	$	2,744	$	1,205	$	926	$	1,287
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		9,883		9,832		9,869		9,810		9,977		9,883		9,936		9,869
Basic income per share	$	.12	$	.19	$	.13	$	.42	$	0.27	$	0.12	$	0.09	$	0.13
Diluted income per share
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,205	$	1,827	$	1,287	$	4,150	$	2,744	$	1,205	$	926	$	1,287
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		9,883		9,832		9,869		9,810		9,977		9,883		9,936		9,869
Stock options outstanding		2		16		3		16		—		2		—		3
Weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding		9,885		9,848		9,872		9,826		9,977		9,885		9,936		9,872
Diluted income per share	$	.12	$	.19	$	.13	$	.42	$	0.27	$	0.12	$	0.09	$	0.13

Options to purchase a total of 37 and 4 shares of common stock were outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, but were not included in the above computation of diluted income per share given their exercise prices as they would not be dilutive upon issuance.

The reconciliation of the changes in the product warranty liability is as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	358		$	492		$	366		$	493		$	305		$	358		$	359		$	366
Expense (income) for product warranties		1			(37	)		28			11
(Income) expense for product warranties														14			1			(5	)		28
Product warranty claims paid		(11	)		(106	)		(46	)		(155	)		(11	)		(11	)		(46	)		(46	)
Balance at end of period	$	348		$	349		$	348		$	349		$	308		$	348		$	308		$	348

Income of ~~$37~~$5 for product warranties in the ~~three~~six months ended September 30, ~~2018~~2020 resulted from the reversal of provisions made that were no longer required due to lower claims experience.

The product warranty liability is included in the line item "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company accounts for leases in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 842, "Leases," which it adopted on April 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. See Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this adoption.

The Company leases certain manufacturing facilities, office space, machinery and office equipment. An arrangement is considered to contain a lease if it conveys the right to use and control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. If it is determined that an arrangement contains a lease, then a classification of a lease as operating or finance is determined by evaluating the five criteria outlined in the lease accounting guidance at inception. Leases generally have remaining terms of one year to five years, whereas leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The depreciable life of leased assets related to finance leases is limited by the expected term of the lease, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option that the Company believes is reasonably certain of exercise. Certain leases include options to renew or terminate. Renewal options are exercisable per the discretion of the Company and vary based on the nature of each lease. The term of the lease includes renewal periods only if the Company is reasonably certain that it will exercise the renewal option. When determining if a renewal option is reasonably certain of being exercised, the Company considers several factors, including but not limited to, the cost of moving to another location, the cost of disrupting operations, whether the purpose or location of the leased asset is unique and the contractual terms associated with extending the lease. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or any material restrictive covenants and the Company does not sublease to any third parties. As of September 30, 2019, the Company did not have any material leases that have been signed but not commenced.

Right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make payments in exchange for that right of use. Finance lease ROU assets and operating lease ROU assets are included in the line items “Property, plant and equipment, net” and “Operating lease assets”, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The current portion and non-current portion of finance and operating lease liabilities are all presented separately in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The discount rate implicit within the Company’s leases is generally not readily determinable, and therefore, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments based on rates available at commencement.

~~The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for finance and operating leases are as follows:~~

~~Operating lease costs during the three and six months ended September 30, 2019 were included within cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses.~~

~~As of September 30, 2019, future minimum payments required under non-cancelable leases are:~~

The Company’s future minimum lease commitments for operating leases as of March 31, 2019 for the fiscal years 2020 through 2024 were $501, $301, $37, $32, and $8, respectively. Future minimum lease commitments for finance leases as of March 31, 2019 for the fiscal years 2020 through 2024 were $62, $47, $26, $26, and $11, respectively.

~~ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities were $78 and $221 in the three and six months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.~~

Interest paid was $7$8 and $3$7 in the six-month periods ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Income taxes (refunded) paid for the six months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $(93) and ~~2018 were~~ $14, ~~and $976,~~ respectively.

In the six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, non-cash activities included the issuance of treasury stock valued at ~~$49~~$87 and ~~$79,~~$49, respectively, to the Company’s ESPP.

At September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~$87~~$86 and ~~$68,~~$87, respectively, of capital purchases that were recorded in accounts payable and are not included in the caption "Purchase of property, plant and equipment" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Service cost	$	124		$	143		$	248		$	286		$	115		$	124		$	231		$	248
Interest cost		323			335			646			670			303			323			606			646
Expected return on assets		(665	)		(765	)		(1,329	)		(1,531	)		(628	)		(665	)		(1,257	)		(1,329	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		242			211			484			423			260			242			520			484
Net pension cost (income)	$	24		$	(76	)	$	49		$	(152	)
Net pension cost													$	50		$	24		$	100		$	49

The Company made no0 contributions to its defined benefit pension plan during the six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and does ~~not~~0t expect to make any contributions to the plan for the balance of fiscal ~~2020.~~2021.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest cost	$	6	$	6	$	11	$	12	$	4	$	6	$	9	$	11
Amortization of actuarial loss		7		7		14		14		7		7		13		14
Net postretirement benefit cost	$	13	$	13	$	25	$	26	$	11	$	13	$	22	$	25

The Company paid 0 benefits ~~of $1~~ related to its postretirement benefit plan during the six months ended September 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The Company expects to pay benefits of approximately $77 for the balance of fiscal ~~2020.~~2021.

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost are included in the line item “Other income” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company self-funds the medical insurance coverage it provides to its U.S. based employees. The Company maintains a stop loss insurance policy in order to limit its exposure to claims. The liability of ~~$135~~$160 and ~~$150~~$124 on September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, related to the self-insured medical plan is primarily based upon claim history and is included in the caption “Accrued compensation” as a current liability in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has been named as a defendant in lawsuits alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos allegedly contained in, or accompanying, products made by the Company. The Company is a co-defendant with numerous other defendants in these lawsuits and intends to vigorously defend itself against these claims. The claims in the Company’s current lawsuits are similar to those made in previous asbestos-related suits that named the Company as a defendant, which either were dismissed when it was shown that the Company had not supplied products to the plaintiffs’ places of work or were settled for immaterial amounts. The Company cannot provide any assurances that any pending or future matters will be resolved in the same manner as previous lawsuits.

As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company was subject to the claims noted above, as well as other legal proceedings and potential claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business.

Although the outcome of the lawsuits, legal proceedings or potential claims to which the Company is, or may become, a party to cannot be determined and an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be made for the majority of the claims, management does not believe that the outcomes, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

The Company files federal and state income tax returns in several domestic and international jurisdictions. In most tax jurisdictions, returns are subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities for a number of years after the returns have been filed. The Company is subject to U.S. federal examination for the tax years ~~2015~~2016 through ~~2018~~2019 and examination in state tax jurisdictions for the tax years ~~2014~~2015 through ~~2018.~~2019. The Company is subject to examination in the People’s Republic of China for tax years 2016 through ~~2018.~~2019 and in India for tax year 2019.

There was no0 liability for unrecognized tax benefits at either September 30, ~~2019~~2020 or March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 are as follows:

	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Items			Foreign Currency Items			Total			Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Items			Foreign Currency Items			Total
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	(8,599	)	$	349		$	(8,250	)
Balance at April 1, 2019										$	(8,947	)	$	114		$	(8,833	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		—			(333	)		(333	)		—			(223	)		(223	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		340			—			340			389			—			389
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		340			(333	)		7			389			(223	)		166
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(8,259	)	$	16		$	(8,243	)
Balance at September 30, 2019										$	(8,558	)	$	(109	)	$	(8,667	)

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three and six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 are as follows:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss								Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss								Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
	Three Months Ended									Three Months Ended
	September 30,									September 30,
	2019				2018					2020				2019
Pension and other postretirement benefit items:
Amortization of actuarial loss	$	(249	)	⁽¹⁾	$	(218	)	⁽¹⁾	Income before provision for income taxes	$	(267	)	⁽¹⁾	$	(249	)	⁽¹⁾	Income before provision for income taxes
		(54	)			(48	)		Provision for income taxes		(63	)			(54	)		Provision for income taxes
	$	(195	)		$	(170	)		Net income	$	(204	)		$	(195	)		Net income

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss								Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss								Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
	Six Months Ended									Six Months Ended
	September 30,									September 30,
	2019				2018					2020				2019
Pension and other postretirement benefit items:
Amortization of actuarial loss	$	(498	)	⁽¹⁾	$	(437	)	⁽¹⁾	Income before provision for income taxes	$	(533	)	⁽¹⁾	$	(498	)	⁽¹⁾	Income before provision for income taxes
		(109	)			(97	)		Provision for income taxes		(124	)			(109	)		Provision for income taxes
	$	(389	)		$	(340	)		Net income	$	(409	)		$	(389	)		Net income

On June 24, 2019, the Company ~~sold~~completed the sale of its subsidiary, Energy Steel & Supply Co., to Hayward Tyler, a division of Avingtrans PLC, a global leader in performance-critical pumps and motors for the energy sector. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, the Company received proceeds of $602, subject to certain adjustments, including a customary working capital adjustment. The Company recognized a loss on the ~~sale~~disposal of ~~$87. See Note 5 to~~$87 in the ~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion~~first quarter of ~~the sale.~~fiscal 2020. In addition, during the first quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, the Company incurred a bad debt charge of $98 and an inventory write down of $338 related to the bankruptcy of Westinghouse Electric Company. All of these items are included in the line item “Other expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the six months ended September 30, 2019.

In the normal course of business, management evaluates all new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or any other authoritative accounting ~~bodies~~body to determine the potential impact they may have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," which requires companies to recognize all leases as assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Lessees are permitted to make an accounting policy election to not recognize an asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less. This ASU retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases, and the classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous accounting guidance. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted.

The Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective approach on April 1, 2019. The Company elected the available transition method that uses the effective date of the amended guidance as the date of initial application. The guidance provided for several practical expedients. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which allows entities to carry forward historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to not recognize an asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and on a straight-line basis over the lease term. On April 1, 2019, the Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the amended guidance which resulted in the recognition of operating lease ROU assets of $676, lease liabilities of $732 and a decrease to the opening balance of retained earnings of $80. Other current assets and the deferred income tax liability were reduced by $47 and $20, respectively. Approximately $500 of ROU assets and lease liabilities were related to the business held for sale at March 31, 2019 and subsequently sold on June 24, 2019. See Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s leases.

Management does not expect any ~~other~~ recently issued accounting pronouncements, which have not already been adopted, to have a material impact onon the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Item 2.~~Management’s~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We are a global business that designs, manufactures and sells critical equipment for the energy, defense and chemical/petrochemical industries. Our energy markets include oil refining, cogeneration, and alternative power. For the defense industry, our equipment is used in nuclear propulsion power systems for the U.S. Navy. For the chemical and petrochemical industries, our equipment is used in fertilizer, ethylene, methanol and downstream chemical facilities.

Our global brand is built upon our world-renowned engineering expertise in vacuum and heat transfer technology, responsive and flexible service and high quality standards. We design and manufacture custom-engineered ejectors, vacuum pumping systems, surface condensers and vacuum systems. Our equipment can also be found in other diverse applications such as metal refining, pulp and paper processing, water heating, refrigeration, desalination, food processing, pharmaceutical, and heating, ventilating and air conditioning.

Our corporate headquarters are located in Batavia, New York. We have production facilities co-located with our headquarters in Batavia. We also have a wholly-owned foreign ~~subsidiary,~~subsidiaries, Graham Vacuum and Heat Transfer Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. ("GVHTT"), located in Suzhou, ~~China.~~China and Graham India Private Limited ("GIPL"), located in Ahmedabad, India. GVHTT provides sales and engineering support for us in the People's Republic of China and management oversight throughout Southeast Asia. ~~In our fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 (which we refer to as "fiscal 2019"), we established Graham India Private Limited ("GIPL") as a wholly-owned subsidiary.~~ GIPL ~~located in Ahmedabad, India,~~ serves as a sales and market development office focusing on the refining, petrochemical and fertilizer ~~markets.~~markets in India.

In the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 (which we refer to as "fiscal 2020"), we completed the sale of our commercial nuclear utility business, Energy Steel and Supply Co. ("Energy Steel").

Our current fiscal year (which we refer to as "fiscal ~~2020"~~2021") ends March 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

Highlights for the three and six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 include:

This report and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission include "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any future results implied by the forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties identified by us under the heading "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal ~~2019.~~2020.

Forward-looking statements may also include, but are not limited to, statements about:

Forward-looking statements are usually accompanied by words such as "anticipate," "believe," "contemplate," "continue," "could," "estimate," "may," "might," "intend," "interest," "appear," "expect," "suggest," "plan," "predict," "project," ~~"should," "will,"~~ "encourage," "potential," ~~"contemplate,~~"should," ~~"continue,~~"view," ~~"could"~~"will," and similar expressions. Actual results could differ materially from historical results or those implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this report.

Undue reliance should not be placed on our forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or announce any revisions to forward-looking statements contained in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

~~Our global~~We continue to operate within disrupted energy and petrochemical markets ~~continued~~(which we refer to ~~show improvement~~as our “commercial markets”). A slowdown in our commercial markets began during the ~~first half~~latter part of fiscal 2020. ~~While general~~This slowdown was primarily caused

by an excess supply of crude oil, which had a negative impact on commodity pricing. The economic slowdown and corresponding reductions in demand for transportation fuel and petrochemical products caused by the ongoing COVID-19 global ~~economic conditions appear~~pandemic further adversely affected our commercial markets. As a result of this combination of adverse supply-side and demand-side disruptions, our commercial customers have significantly reduced their operating budgets for products and services like those that we offer. The timing and catalyst for a recovery in our commercial markets remains uncertain and we believe that in the near term the quantity of projects available for us to compete for will be fewer and that the pricing environment will continue to be ~~weakening,~~challenging.

Over the long-term, however, we ~~continue to see strong activity by our customers in the downstream energy sector. Customers are investing in upgrading~~expect that population growth, an expanding global middle class and ~~turnaround maintenance~~an increasing desire for existing facilities and, in certain geographies, are looking at new capacity. While this additional activity continues to be encouraging, we cannot predict the pace and longevity of the market improvement.

~~Our long-term view~~more industrial products will drive increased demand for ~~the global energy~~chemical and petrochemical ~~markets is~~products. Moreover, once global economies return to stable growth, we expect investment in new global chemical and petrochemical capacity will resume and that ~~general economic fundamentals~~such investments will drive ~~increasing~~growth in demand for our products and ~~result~~services.

Energy markets, in continued capital investment to satisfy increasing global energy demand. These fundamentals include rising populations, emerging market economic growth, and long-term global economic expansion. However,particular crude oil refining, are undergoing a more fundamental evolution. We believe that systemic changes in the energy markets are being driven, in part, by the increasing use by consumers of alternative fuels in lieu of fossil fuel. As a result, we ~~serve~~anticipate demand growth for fossil-based fuels will be less than the global GDP growth rate and that crude oil refiners will focus new investments toward the installed base, and that inefficient refineries will close and new refining capacity will be co-located where fuels and petrochemicals are produced. We also anticipate that future investment by ~~impacted by increased use~~refiners in renewable fuels (e.g., renewable diesel), in existing refineries (e.g., to expand feedstock processing flexibility, improve conversion of ~~renewable energy sources~~oil to refined products) to gain greater throughput, or to build new capacity (e.g., integrated refineries with petrochemical products capabilities) will continue to drive demand for our products and ~~conservation.~~services.

~~Our~~Demand for our products in the defense industry is related to the naval nuclear propulsion market ~~has demand~~which is tied to aircraft carrier and submarine vessel construction schedules of the primary shipyards ~~that service~~contracted by the U.S. Navy. We expect growth in our naval nuclear propulsion business towill result from our strategic actions to increase our market share, our successful performance, and expected ~~increases~~demand increases. The economic slowdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has not adversely effected demand for our products or services in ~~demand.~~

~~We believe~~ the long-term outlook in our key markets supports our growth plans. In the near term, new order levels are expected to remain variable, resulting in both relatively strong and weak periods. We believe, however, order activity will continue to improve through the remainder of fiscal 2020 and at least through our fiscal year which ends March 31, 2021.naval market.

The chart below shows the ~~historical~~ impact of our successful diversification ~~strategy. Over half~~strategy into multiple U.S. Navy defense platforms. Our U.S. Navy defense business, which began with our entry into the nuclear carrier program and expanded into both the Virginia and Columbia class nuclear submarine programs, made up 50% of our ~~current~~total backlog ~~is from markets not served by us in the fiscal 2007-2009 time frame. Included in the graph for prior periods, but not the second quarter~~at September 30, 2020. Each vessel platform has made up at least 10% of ~~fiscal 2020 (referred to as “Q2 FY20" on the chart below) is the~~our total backlog for the past three years. We believe this diversification is especially beneficial when our commercial ~~nuclear business which was divested in June 2019. At~~markets are weak, as is presently the ~~end of fiscal 2019 (referred to as "FYE19" on the chart below), backlog for our commercial nuclear business was $8,039.~~case.

To better understand the significant factors that influenced our performance during the periods presented, the following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Net sales	$	21,643		$	21,441		$	42,236		$	50,992		$	27,954		$	21,643		$	44,664		$	42,236
Gross profit	$	4,948		$	6,227		$	9,662		$	13,369		$	7,693		$	4,948		$	9,261		$	9,662
Gross profit margin		23	%		29	%		23	%		26	%		28	%		23	%		21	%		23	%
SG&A expense ⁽¹⁾	$	3,847		$	4,778		$	8,414		$	9,388		$	4,253		$	3,847		$	8,155		$	8,414
SG&A as a percent of sales		18	%		22	%		20	%		18	%		15	%		18	%		18	%		20	%
Net income	$	1,205		$	1,827		$	1,287		$	4,150		$	2,744		$	1,205		$	926		$	1,287
Diluted income per share	$	0.12		$	0.19		$	0.13		$	0.42		$	0.27		$	0.12		$	0.09		$	0.13
Total assets	$	146,464		$	157,058		$	146,464		$	157,058		$	144,622		$	146,464		$	144,622		$	146,464
Total assets excluding cash, cash equivalents and investments	$	72,668		$	78,069		$	72,668		$	78,069		$	76,766		$	72,668		$	76,766		$	72,668

We believe that, when used in conjunction with measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, adjusted revenue, adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin, adjusted operating profit, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share, which are non-GAAP measures, help in the understanding of our operating performance.

~~The following table reconciles gross margin to adjusted gross margin for the periods indicated:~~

~~The following table reconciles operating margin to adjusted operating margin for the periods indicated:~~

Three Months Ended

Six Months Ended

2019

2018

2019

2018

Revenue

$
21,643

$
21,441

$
42,236

$
50,992

  - Revenue of commercial nuclear utility business

—

(1,819
)

(1,276
)

(4,741
)
Adjusted revenue

$
21,643

$
19,622

$
40,960

$
46,251

Operating (loss) profit

$
1,101

$
1,449

$
725

$
3,981

  + Loss on sale of commercial nuclear utility business

—

—

87

—

  + Operating loss of commercial nuclear utility business

—

683

1,016

1,181

Adjusted operating profit

$
1,101

$
2,132

$
1,828

$
5,162

Adjusted operating margin

5.1
%

10.9
%

4.5
%

11.2
%

~~The following table reconciles net income to adjusted net income for the periods indicated:~~

Three Months Ended

Six Months Ended

2019

2018

2019

2018

Per Diluted Share

Per Diluted Share

Per Diluted Share

Per Diluted Share

Net income

$
1,205

$
0.12

$
1,827

$
0.19

$
1,287

$
0.13

$
4,150

$
0.42

  + Loss on sale of commercial nuclear utility business

—

—

—

—

87

0.01

—

—

  + Operating loss of commercial nuclear utility business

—

—

683

0.07

1,016

0.10

1,181

0.12

  - Tax effect of above

—

—

(120
)

(0.01
)

(203
)

(0.02
)

(219
)

(0.02
)
Adjusted net income

$
1,205

$
0.12

$
2,390

$
0.24

$
2,187

$
0.22

$
5,112

$
0.52

The Second Quarter and First Six Months of Fiscal ~~2020~~2021 Compared With the Second Quarter and First Six Months of Fiscal ~~2019~~2020

Sales for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$21,643,~~$27,954, a 1%29% increase as compared with ~~sales of $21,441~~$21,643 for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. Our domestic sales, as a percentage of aggregate product sales, were 62% in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 compared with 73% in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020 compared with 70% in the second quarter of fiscal 2019.~~2020. Domestic sales year-over-year increased ~~$658,~~$1,521, or 4%10%. International sales ~~decreased $456,~~increased $4,790, or 7%81%, in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared with the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. Sales in the three months ended September 30, 2020 were 37% to the refining industry, 19% to the chemical and petrochemical industries, 34% for the defense (U.S. Navy) industry, and 10% to other commercial and industrial applications. Sales in the three months ended September 30, 2019 were 29% to the refining industry, 48% to the chemical and petrochemical industries, ~~3% to~~12% for the ~~power~~defense (U.S. Navy) industry, and ~~20%~~11% to other commercial and industrial applications, including the U.S. Navy. Sales in the three months ended September 30, 2018 were 45% to the refining industry, 18% to the chemical and petrochemical industries, 10% to the power industry, including the commercial nuclear market, and 27% to other commercial and industrial applications, including the U.S. Navy.applications. Fluctuation in sales among markets, products and geographic locations varies, sometimes significantly, from quarter-to-quarter based on timing, quantity, and value of projects. See also "Current Market Conditions," above. For additional information on anticipated future sales and our markets, see "Orders and Backlog" below.

Sales for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$42,236, a decrease~~$44,664, an increase of ~~$8,756,~~$2,428, or ~~17%~~6% compared with ~~sales of $50,992~~$42,236 for the first six months of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. Our domestic sales, as a percentage of aggregate product sales, were ~~71%~~60% in the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared with ~~56%~~71% in the same period in fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. Domestic sales ~~increased $1,653,~~decreased $3,489, or 6%12%, while international sales ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$10,409,~~$5,917, or ~~46%; primarily driven by one large project in Canada in~~49%, each as compared with the ~~first half of fiscal 2019.~~same prior year period. International sales accounted for ~~29%~~40% and ~~44%~~29% of total sales for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Sales in the ~~first~~ six months ~~of fiscal~~ended September 30, 2020 were 29% to the refining industry, 30% to the chemical and petrochemical industries, 29% for the defense industry (U.S. Navy), and 12% to other commercial and industrial applications. Sales in the six months ended September 30, 2019 were 33% to the refining industry, 42% to the chemical and petrochemical industries, ~~4% to~~11% for the ~~power~~defense (U.S. Navy) industry, ~~including the nuclear market,~~ and ~~21%~~14% to other commercial and industrial applications, including the U.S. Navy. Sales in the first six months of fiscal 2019 were 58% to the refining industry, 13% to the chemical and petrochemical industries, 10% to the power industry, including the commercial nuclear market, and 19% to other commercial and industrial applications, including the U.S. Navy.applications.

Gross profit margin for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 was ~~23%~~28% compared with ~~29%~~23% for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. Gross profit for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020 decreased 21%~~2021 increased 55% compared with fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, to ~~$4,948~~$7,693 from ~~$6,227. Gross~~$4,948. The increase in gross profit was ~~lower~~driven by higher volume, which was due to ~~an unfavorable mix~~increased throughput at our Batavia facility, as well as, accelerated conversion at our global fabrication partner’s facilities and the completion of ~~projects.~~a materials only order.

Gross profit margin for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 was ~~23%~~21% compared with ~~26%~~23% for the first six months of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. Gross profit for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 decreased ~~28% compared with the second quarter of fiscal 2019, to $9,662 from $13,369. The decrease in gross profit, as well as gross margins, was due to lower volume and an unfavorable mix of projects~~4% compared with the first six months of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020, to $9,261 from $9,662. Gross profit margin in the first six months of fiscal 2021 was adversely impacted by the underutilization of our Batavia facility in the first quarter as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

SG&A expenses as a percent of sales for the three and six-month periods ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~18%~~15% and ~~20%~~18%, respectively. SG&A expenses in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$3,847, a decrease~~$4,253, an increase of ~~$931~~$406 compared with SG&A expenses of ~~$4,778~~$3,847 in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. SG&A expenses in the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$8,414,~~$8,155, a decrease of ~~$974~~$259 compared with SG&A expenses of ~~$9,388~~$8,414 in the first six months of fiscal ~~2019. The sale~~2020. Included in the first six months of ~~our~~fiscal 2020, was $621 for the divested commercial nuclear business in June 2019 was the primary driver of lower costs in the second quarter and fiscal year-to-date spending. In addition, the timing of certain expenses also contributed to the lower SG&A costs in fiscal 2020. SG&A expenses excluding our commercial nuclear business in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $4,131 and 21% of sales. SG&A expenses excluding our commercial nuclear business in the six-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were $7,793 and $8,106, respectively. SG&A expenses as a percent of sales excluding our commercial nuclear business for the six-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 19% and 18%, respectively.utility business.

Interest income for the three and six-month periods ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 was $26 and $120, respectively, compared with $363 and $762, ~~respectively, compared with $351 and $640,~~ respectively, for the same periods ended September 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~increase~~decrease in interest income is due to ~~higher~~ market investment rates, which are significantly lower when compared with rates a year ago. Interest expense for the three and six-month periods ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 was $3 and $8, respectively, compared with $4 and $7, ~~respectively, compared with $1 and $3,~~ respectively, for the same periods ended September 30, ~~2018.~~ 2019.

Our effective tax rate for each of the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2020 was 22% and 30%, respectively. The effective tax rate for each of the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2019 was 22%. The higher six-month tax rate in fiscal 2021 was due to the loss we incurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Our effective tax rate for the ~~three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2018 was 9% and 17%, respectively.~~full fiscal year is expected to be closer to 22%.

Net income and income per diluted share for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 were $2,744 and $0.27, respectively, compared with $1,205 and $0.12, ~~respectively, compared with $1,827 and $0.19,~~ respectively, in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Excluding the results in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 of our commercial nuclear business, net income and income per diluted share for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $2,390 and $0.24, respectively.2020. Net income and income per diluted share for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$1,287~~$926 and ~~$0.13,~~$0.09, respectively, compared with net income of ~~$4,150~~$1,287 and income per diluted share of ~~$0.42~~$0.13 for the first six months of fiscal ~~2019. Excluding the results~~2020. Included in ~~the first quarter of fiscal 2020 of our commercial nuclear business as well as the costs related to the sale of that business,~~ net income and income per diluted share for the first six months of fiscal 2020 ~~were $2,187~~was a loss of $893 and ~~$0.22, compared with net income of $5,112 and income per diluted share of $0.52~~$0.09, respectively, for our commercial nuclear utility business, which was sold in the first ~~six months~~quarter of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Statements of Cash Flows:

	September 30,			March 31,			September 30,			March 31,
	2019			2019			2020			2020
Cash and investments	$	73,796		$	77,753		$	67,856		$	73,003
Working capital		79,414			79,896			77,546			77,443
Working capital ratio⁽¹⁾		2.8			2.5			2.7			2.6
Working capital excluding cash and investments		5,618			2,143			9,690			4,440
Working capital excluding cash and investments as a percent of net sales⁽²⁾		7.2	%		2.3	%		10.4	%		4.9	%

Net cash used by operating activities for the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$1,915,~~$2,258, compared with cash ~~generated~~usage of ~~$5,075~~$1,915 for the first six months of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. The cash usage comparison year over year was attributable primarily to ~~a reduction~~an increase in ~~customer deposits and lower earnings, partially~~accounts receivable, mostly offset by ~~accounts receivables.~~a decrease in unbilled revenue due to timing. The increase in working capital excluding cash and investments as a percent of net sales was due to timing of working capital.

Dividend payments and capital expenditures in the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 were $2,195 and $797, respectively, compared with $2,075 and $679, ~~respectively, compared with $1,868 and $367,~~ respectively, for the first six months of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020.

Capital expenditures for fiscal ~~2020~~2021 are expected to be between approximately ~~$2,500~~$2,000 and ~~$2,800. Approximately 75% to 80% of our fiscal 2020 capital expenditures are expected to be for machinery and equipment, with the remaining amounts expected to be used for other items.~~$2,500.

Cash and investments were ~~$73,796~~$67,856 on September 30, ~~2019~~2020 compared with ~~$77,753~~$73,003 on March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, down ~~$3,957.~~$5,146.

We invest net cash generated from operations in excess of cash held for near-term needs in short-term, less than 365 days, certificates of deposit, money market accounts or U.S. government instruments, generally with maturity periods of up to 180 days. Our money market account is used to securitize our outstanding letters of credit, which reduces our cost on those letters of credit. Approximately 95% of our cash and investments are held in the U.S. The remaining 5% is invested in our China operations.

Our revolving credit facility with JP Morgan Chase, N.A. ("JP Morgan Chase") provides us with a line of credit of $25,000, including letters of credit and bank guarantees. In addition, our JP Morgan Chase agreement allows us to increase the line of credit, at our discretion, up to another $25,000, for total availability of $50,000. Borrowings under this credit facility are secured by all of our assets. We ~~also had~~have a ~~$5,000 unsecured~~$14,000 line of credit with HSBC, N.A. ("HSBC") ~~on September 30, 2019. This line was increased to $10,000 on October 8, 2019 to support~~secured by certain of our ~~international business activities.~~deposit accounts with HSBC. Letters of credit outstanding on September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$11,265~~$17,161 and ~~$8,503,~~$13,328, respectively. The outstanding letters of credit as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 were issued by JP Morgan Chase and ~~HSBC, as well as Bank of America, under our previous credit facility.~~HSBC. There were no other amounts outstanding

on our credit facilities at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. The borrowing rate under our JP Morgan Chase facility as of September 30, ~~2019~~

2020 was the bank’s prime rate, or ~~5.00%~~3.25%. Availability under the JP Morgan Chase and HSBC lines of credit was ~~$19,355~~$21,839 and ~~$22,505,~~$21,672, respectively, at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. We believe that cash generated from operations, combined with our investments and available financing capacity under our credit facility, will be adequate both to meet our cash needs for the immediate future and to support our growth strategies.

Orders for the three-month period ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$32,552~~$34,974, net of a change order reduction of $1,264, compared with ~~$34,416~~$32,552 for the same period last year. ~~Excluding orders of $2,305 from our commercial nuclear utility business in last year’s second quarter, orders increased $441.~~ Orders represent written communications received from customers requesting us to supply products and/or services. Domestic orders were ~~33%~~46% of total orders, or ~~$10,759,~~$16,117, and international orders were ~~67%~~54% of total orders, or ~~$21,793,~~$18,857, in the second quarter of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared with the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 when domestic orders were ~~58%~~33%, or ~~$19,970,~~$10,759, of total orders, and international orders were ~~42%~~67%, or ~~$14,446,~~$21,793, of total orders.

During the first six months of fiscal ~~2020,~~2021, orders were ~~$47,641,~~$46,442, compared with ~~$56,393~~$47,641 for the same period of fiscal 2019. Included in the orders for the first six months of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 were $2,996 and $6,304, respectively, for the commercial nuclear utility market, a business which was divested in June 2019.2020. Domestic orders were ~~46%~~42% of total orders, or ~~$21,916,~~$19,349, and international orders were ~~54%~~58% of total orders, or ~~$25,725,~~$27,093, in the first six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 compared with the same period of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 when domestic orders were ~~70%~~46%, or ~~$39,495,~~$21,916, of total orders, and international orders were ~~30%~~54%, or ~~$16,898,~~$25,725, of total orders.

For the first six months of fiscal 2020, refining orders increased by $4,904, chemical and petrochemical decreased by $7,940, and other commercial and industrial applications, including the U.S. Navy, decreased by $2,345 as compared with the prior year period. See “Current Market Conditions” for additional information.

Backlog was ~~$127,765~~$114,851 at September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, compared with ~~$117,185~~$107,220 on June 30, ~~2019, up 9%~~2020, and ~~$132,127~~$112,389 at March 31, 2019. The March 31, 2019 backlog includes $8,039 of backlog for our commercial nuclear utility business which we sold in June 2019. Excluding the commercial nuclear utility business, backlog increased to $127,765 from $124,088, an increase of 3%.2020. Backlog is defined as the total dollar value of orders received for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Approximately ~~55%~~60% to ~~60%~~65% of orders currently in our backlog are expected to be converted to sales within one year. The majority of the ~~orders~~backlog that ~~are~~is expected to convert beyond twelve months ~~are~~is for the defense industry, specifically the U.S. Navy. At September 30, 2020, 37% of our backlog was attributable to equipment for refinery project work, 9% for chemical and petrochemical projects, 50% for defense (U.S. Navy) projects and 4% for other commercial and industrial applications. At September 30, 2019, 32% of our backlog was attributable to equipment for refinery project work, 16% for chemical and petrochemical projects, 48% for U.S. Navy projects and 4% for power and other industrial applications. We had two projects totaling $3,165 cancelled in fiscal 2020 and a third project of $654 cancelled in the first six months of fiscal 2021. At September 30, 2018, 24% of our backlog was attributable to equipment for refinery project work, 16% for chemical and petrochemical projects, 51% for U.S. Navy projects and 9% for power and other industrial applications. At September 30, 2019,2020, we had notwo projects totaling $562 on hold.

Capital spending in the energy markets we serve began to ~~increase~~decrease during the second half of fiscal ~~2018~~2020 and ~~this trend has continued. Likewise, orders~~the pace of activity materially contracted as COVID-19 became a global pandemic in the ~~chemical~~fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. The weak energy markets have continued into fiscal 2021 and ~~petrochemical markets began to increase~~are particularly evident in ~~fiscal 2019. While~~ our North American markets. As a result, our overall bidding activity has slowed. There has also been a shift toward more opportunities in emerging markets. At September 30, 2020, 50% of our backlog was for the defense industry, specifically the U.S. Navy. Our pipeline ~~has been strong, our customers continue~~for the U.S. Navy continues to be ~~cautious about releasing orders and as a result, we expect~~robust, but quarterly fluctuations in order levels will occur due to ~~occur. At September 30, 2019, 48%~~the size and timing of ~~our~~release of the U.S. Navy projects. Defense programs in backlog ~~was for U.S. Navy.~~ are planned to deliver $20 to $30 million per year of revenue in fiscal 2021 and beyond.

WeNear term opportunities in the global energy and petrochemical markets have slowed significantly due to the combined impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the geopolitical imbalance of supply. Although we do not know when the COVID-19 pandemic will end or when the supply imbalance will subside, we continue to believe ~~in the long-term strength of~~that the energy and petrochemical ~~markets.~~markets provide long-term growth opportunities for our products and services. Coupled with our diversification strategy ~~with~~into the ~~U.S. Navy,~~defense industry, we ~~believe that~~remain confident in our ability to achieve the long-term ~~strength~~goal of ~~our markets will support our goal to~~ significantly ~~grow~~growing our business. We have invested in capacity to serve our commercial customers as well as to expand the work we do for the U.S. Navy. We intend to continue to look for organic growth opportunities as well as acquisitions or other business ~~combinations~~combinations that we believe will allow us to expand our presence in both our existing and ancillary markets. ~~We are focused on continuing to reduce earnings volatility, grow our business and diversify our business and product lines.~~

~~We expect revenue~~Our expectations for sales and profitability in fiscal ~~2020~~2021 assume that we are able to beoperate our production facility in Batavia, New York at or near normal capacity for the last two quarters of fiscal 2021 without any additional COVID-19 related reductions in production capacity. In our first quarter of fiscal 2021, our production capability was significantly reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our production was at approximately ~~$100,000 to $105,000; this excludes our commercial nuclear utility business which was sold in~~50% of normal production across the first quarter of fiscal ~~2020. This would be an anticipated increase of 20%~~2021. Our production capacity returned to ~~26% when compared with $83,495 for fiscal 2019 and excluding our commercial nuclear business which was sold~~a normal level in the ~~first~~second quarter of fiscal ~~2019.~~ 2021. Our outlook is based upon the assumption that we are able to operate our production facility, have access to the global supply chain, including our subcontractors, with minimal or no disruptions, whether as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or any other circumstances.

We project that approximately 60% to 65% of our $114,851 backlog at September 30, 2020 will convert to sales over the next twelve months. We expect the remaining backlog will convert beyond twelve months, which includes a combination of U.S. Navy orders that have a long conversion cycle (up to five years) as well as certain commercial orders, the conversion of which has been extended by our customers. We had two projects totaling $3,165 cancelled in fiscal 2020 and a third project of $654 cancelled in

the first six months of fiscal 2021. At September 30, 2020, we had two projects totaling $562 on hold by our customers. In addition, we have three projects which have been delayed by our customers due to COVID-19 and related energy market dynamics, and we therefore expect revenue of $4,118 to be delayed beyond fiscal 2021. None of these amounts changed during the second quarter of fiscal 2021.

We expect fiscal year 2021 revenue to be between $90,000 and $95,000, gross profit margin ~~in fiscal 2020~~ to be in the 22% to 24% ~~to 26%~~ range ~~compared with 23.9% in fiscal 2019.~~and SG&A ~~during fiscal 2020 is expected~~expenses to be between $17,000 and ~~$18,000, excluding~~$17,500. We expect interest income to be de minimis, given the ~~SG&A incurred in the first quarter in our commercial nuclear business.~~low market rates on short term cash and investments. Our effective tax rate during fiscal ~~2020~~2021 is expected to be approximately ~~20%~~22%. This outlook incorporates the very challenged first quarter which we experienced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and assumes that we are able to continue to operate near normal capacity for the last six months of fiscal 2021.

WeCash flow was negative in the first six months of fiscal 2021, however, we expect ~~that~~positive cash flow ~~in fiscal 2020 will continue to be solid. We continue to believe that the long-term outlook~~from operations for the ~~energy and petrochemical markets is positive. We expect to have better insight into the strength, durability and sustainability~~remainder of ~~the recent improvements in our core markets as we continue to work through~~ fiscal ~~2020.~~2021.

We have been named as a defendant in lawsuits alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos allegedly contained in or accompanying our products. We are a co-defendant with numerous other defendants in these lawsuits and intend to vigorously defend ourselves against these claims. The claims in our current lawsuits are similar to those made in previous asbestos lawsuits that named us as a defendant. Such previous lawsuits either were dismissed when it was shown that we had not supplied products to the plaintiffs’ places of work or were settled by us for immaterial amounts.

As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we are subject to the claims noted above, as well as other legal proceedings and potential claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of the lawsuits, legal proceedings or potential claims to which we are or may become a party cannot be determined and an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be made for the majority of the claims, we do not believe that the outcomes, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are based on the selection of accounting policies and the application of significant accounting estimates, some of which require management to make significant assumptions.We believe that the most critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements relate to labor hour estimates and establishment of operational milestones which are used to recognize revenue under the overtime recognition model, accounting for contingencies, under which we accrue a loss when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated, and accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits. For further information, refer to Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2019.~~

We did not have any off balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 or March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, other than letters of credit.

The principal market risks (i.e., the risk of loss arising from market changes) to which we are exposed are foreign currency exchange rates, price risk, project cancellation risk and trade policy.

The assumptions applied in preparing the following qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding foreign currency exchange rate, price risk and project cancellation risk are based upon volatility ranges experienced by us in relevant historical periods, our current knowledge of the marketplace, and our judgment of the probability of future volatility based upon the historical trends and economic conditions of the markets in which we operate.

International consolidated sales for the three and six months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~27%~~38% and ~~29%~~40%, respectively, of total sales compared with ~~30%~~27% and ~~44%~~29%, respectively, for the same periods of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. Operating in markets throughout the world exposes us to movements in currency exchange rates. Currency movements can affect sales in several ways, the foremost being our

ability to compete for orders against foreign competitors that base their prices on relatively weaker currencies. Business lost due to competition for orders against competitors using a relatively weaker currency cannot be quantified. In addition, cash can be adversely impacted by the conversion of sales made by us in a foreign currency to U.S. dollars. In the first three and six months of fiscal ~~2020~~2021 and fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, all sales by us and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, for which we were paid, were denominated in the local currency of the respective subsidiary (U.S. dollars or Chinese RMB).

We have limited exposure to foreign currency purchases. In each of the three and six months ended September 30, 2020, our purchases in foreign currencies represented 2% of cost of products sold. In the three and six months ended September 30, 2019, our purchases in foreign currencies represented 0% and 1% of cost of products sold, respectively. ~~In each of the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, our purchases in foreign currencies represented 2% of cost of products sold, respectively.~~ At certain times, we may enter into forward foreign currency exchange agreements to hedge our exposure against potential unfavorable changes

in foreign currency values on significant sales and purchase contracts negotiated in foreign currencies. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts were not used in the periods being reported on in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we held no forward foreign currency contracts.

Operating in a global marketplace requires us to compete with other global manufacturers which, in some instances, benefit from lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions. Although we believe that our customers differentiate our products on the basis of our manufacturing quality, responsive and flexible service, and engineering experience and excellence, among other things, such lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions mean that certain of our competitors are able to offer products similar to ours at lower prices. The cost of metals and other materials used in our products can experience significant volatility, and as such, can impact our ability to reflect this volatility in our pricing.

Open orders are reviewed continuously through communications with customers. If it becomes evident to us that a project is delayed well beyond its original shipment date, management will move the project into "placed on hold" (i.e. suspended) category. Furthermore, if a project is cancelled by our customer, it is removed from our backlog. We attempt to mitigate the risk of cancellation by structuring contracts with our customers to maximize the likelihood that progress payments made to us for individual projects cover the costs we have incurred. As a result, we do not believe we have a significant cash exposure to projects which may be cancelled. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had notwo projects totaling $562 on ~~hold.~~hold by our customers.

Our President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Vice President-Finance & Administration and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) each have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, and as of such date, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President-Finance & Administration and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in all material respects.

There has been no change to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or that is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our non-productive employees were working remotely during the majority of the first quarter due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

Except as stated below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I – Item 1A of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations have been and may continue to be adversely affected by global public health pandemics, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations have been and may continue to be adversely affected if the COVID-19 pandemic, or another global health crisis, impacts our employees, suppliers, customers, financing sources or others’ ability to conduct business or negatively affects consumer and business confidence or the global economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected large segments of the global economy, including the markets we operate in, since the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in late March 2020, we reduced staffing at our facility in Batavia, New York. We began the first quarter of fiscal 2021 at 10% of normal staffing capacity and gradually increased to normal capacity by early June 2020 while applying numerous new health and safety protocols for those working on site.

The pandemic and any additional preventative or protective actions that governments or we may take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse effect on our business or our suppliers, distribution channels, and customers, including business shutdowns or disruptions for an indefinite period of time, reduced operations, restrictions on shipping, fabricating or installing products, reduced consumer demand or customers’ ability to make payments. We have and may continue to experience additional operating costs due to increased challenges with our workforce (including as a result of illness, absenteeism or government orders), implementing further precautionary measures to protect the health of our workforce, increased project cancellations or projects put on hold, access to supplies, capital, and fundamental support services (such as shipping and transportation). During the first quarter of fiscal 2021 we had two projects on hold, one project cancelled, and three projects delayed by our customers due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related energy market dynamics. Any resulting financial impact from the pandemic cannot be fully estimated at this time, but may materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain the pandemic or treat its impact, among others.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also exacerbate other risks discussed in Item 1A - Risk Factors of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. The situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact continue to change rapidly and additional impacts that we are presently unaware of may arise.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Delaware	16-1194720
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York	14020
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐☒	Smaller reporting company	☐☒
Emerging growth company	☐

		Page
Part I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	4

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1916

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	2622

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2723

Part II.	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24

Item 6.	~~EXHIBITS~~Exhibits	2825

Signatures		2926

	~~September 30,~~
	~~2019~~
~~Finance Leases~~
~~Weighted-average remaining lease term in years~~		~~1.65~~
~~Weighted-average discount rate~~		~~9.27~~	%

~~Operating Leases~~
~~Weighted-average remaining lease term in years~~		~~2.13~~
~~Weighted-average discount rate~~		~~5.50~~	%


(10)	Material Contracts

+	10.1	First Amendment to the Letter Agreement dated ~~October 8, 2019,~~May 1, 2020 with respect to the continuing Letter of Credit Facility dated March 24, 2014, between the Company and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, effective as of August 23, 2020..

+	10.2	Pledge Agreement between the Company and HSBC Bank USA, National Association dated ~~October 8, 2019.~~

+	~~10.3~~	~~Letter Consent Agreement dated October 8, 2019 pursuant to the Credit Agreement dated December 2, 2015 between the Company and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.~~August 13, 2020.

#	~~10.4~~10.3	~~First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective as of September 12, 2019~~Graham Corporation Annual Executive Cash Bonus Program in effect for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 is incorporated by reference from Exhibit ~~10.1~~99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated ~~September 12, 2019.~~August 11, 2020.

+#	10.4	2020 Graham Corporation Equity Incentive Plan

	March 31, 2019

Major classes of assets included as held for sale
Cash	$	552
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances		1,921
Unbilled revenue		302
Inventories		1,809
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		130
Income taxes receivable		10
Deferred tax asset		126
Total major classes of assets included as held for sale	$	4,850

Major classes of liabilities included as held for sale
Accounts payable	$	520
Accrued compensation		326
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		746
Customer deposits		1,933
Total major classes of liabilities included as held for sale	$	3,525

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2020	$	66	$	31
2021		159		48
2022		62		26
2023		32		26
2024		7		11
2025		—		—
Total lease payments		326		142

Less – amount representing interest		21		21
Present value of net minimum lease payments	$	305	$	121


(31)	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications

+	31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer

+	31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer

(32)	Section 1350 Certification

+	32.1	Section 1350 Certifications


(101)	Interactive Data File

+	101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

+	101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

+	101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

+	101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

+	101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

+	101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

	104
	+Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). #	+ Exhibit filed with this report # Management contract or compensation plan


			GRAHAM CORPORATION
By:			/s/ Jeffrey Glajch
			Jeffrey Glajch
			Vice President-Finance & Administration and
			Chief Financial Officer
			(On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)