Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding, par value $0.01 per share, as of June 29, 2020: 158,195,156

Covia Holdings Corporation, including its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Covia,” and “Company”), is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q/A”) to amend the quarterly report on Form 10-Q originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on June 30, 2020 (“Original Report”), solely for the purpose of correcting the classification presented on page 39 of the Original Report (and appearing on page 40 of the Form 10-Q/A) regarding certain financial metrics for guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries. The information previously filed inadvertently misclassified certain amounts with no effect to the consolidated metrics presented within the table.

Except as specifically noted above, this Form 10-Q/A does not modify or update the disclosures presented in the Original Report, nor does this Form 10-Q/A reflect events occurring after the filing of the Original Report. Accordingly, this Form 10-Q/A should be read in conjunction with the Original Report. All references to “Form 10-Q” or “Report” that follow, including, without limiting the foregoing, exhibits filed pursuant to Items 601(b)(31) and 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, are intended to refer to Form 10-Q/A.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues	$	322,660		$	428,246
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation, depletion,
and amortization shown separately)		253,874			361,560

Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses		33,447			41,960
Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense		34,830			58,095
Restructuring and other charges		5,499			2,002
Other operating income, net		(2,268	)		(6,859	)
Loss from operations		(2,722	)		(28,512	)

Interest expense, net		23,583			25,603
Other non-operating expense, net		2,912			2,187
Loss before benefit for income taxes		(29,217	)		(56,302	)

Benefit from income taxes		(28,252	)		(4,054	)
Net loss		(965	)		(52,248	)
Less: Net loss attributable to the non-controlling interest		(24	)		(3	)
Net loss attributable to Covia Holdings Corporation	$	(941	)	$	(52,245	)

Loss per share
Basic	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.40	)
Diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.40	)

Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic		131,850			131,287
Diluted		131,850			131,287

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(in thousands, except par value)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	298,164		$	319,484
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,066 and $2,211
at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		183,030			199,027
Inventories, net		116,283			121,790
Other receivables		40,706			15,879
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		18,290			20,843
Total current assets		656,473			677,023

Property, plant and equipment, net		1,382,248			1,419,982
Operating right-of-use assets, net		152,633			158,489
Deferred tax assets, net		12,162			13,725
Goodwill		119,822			119,822
Intangibles, net		31,731			33,630
Other non-current assets		25,988			23,847
Total assets	$	2,381,057		$	2,446,518

Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt	$	1,546,769		$	18,633
Operating lease liabilities, current		62,438			63,773
Accounts payable		93,459			97,313
Accrued expenses		100,488			126,895
Deferred revenue		19,648			7,815
Total current liabilities		1,822,802			314,429

Long-term debt		2,859			1,539,073
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		257,448			272,378
Employee benefit obligations		63,259			66,073
Deferred tax liabilities, net		131			131
Other non-current liabilities		95,428			77,270
Total liabilities		2,241,927			2,269,354

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 15)
Equity
Preferred stock: $0.01 par value, 15,000 authorized shares at
March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Shares outstanding: 0 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019		-			-
Common stock: $0.01 par value, 750,000 authorized shares
at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Shares issued: 158,195 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Shares outstanding: 132,024 and 131,743 at March 31, 2020
and December 31, 2019, respectively		1,777			1,777
Additional paid-in capital		396,646			400,047
Retained earnings		356,916			357,857
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(143,805	)		(105,086	)
Total equity attributable to Covia Holdings Corporation before treasury stock		611,534			654,595
Less: Treasury stock at cost
Shares in treasury: 26,171 and 26,452 at March 31, 2020
and December 31, 2019, respectively		(473,059	)		(478,110	)
Total equity attributable to Covia Holdings Corporation		138,475			176,485
Non-controlling interest		655			679
Total equity		139,130			177,164
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,381,057		$	2,446,518

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Equity attributable to Covia Holdings Corporation
			Shares of		Additional						Accumulated Other						Shares of						Non-
	Common		Common		Paid-in			Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Treasury						Controlling
	Stock		Stock		Capital			Earnings			Loss			Stock			Stock			Subtotal			Interest			Total
	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	1,777		131,188	$	388,027		$	1,647,959		$	(95,225	)	$	(488,141	)		27,007		$	1,454,397		$	556		$	1,454,953
Net loss		-		-		-			(52,245	)		-			-			-			(52,245	)		(3	)		(52,248	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			-			(117	)		-			-			(117	)		-			(117	)
Share-based awards exercised or distributed		-		232		(4,209	)		-			-			4,185			(232	)		(24	)		-			(24	)
Stock compensation expense		-		-		2,767			-			-			-			-			2,767			-			2,767
Transactions with non-controlling interest		-		-		-			-			-			-			-			-			1			1
Balances at March 31, 2019	$	1,777		131,420	$	386,585		$	1,595,714		$	(95,342	)	$	(483,956	)		26,775		$	1,404,778		$	554		$	1,405,332

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	1,777		131,743	$	400,047		$	357,857		$	(105,086	)	$	(478,110	)		26,452		$	176,485		$	679		$	177,164
Net loss		-		-		-			(941	)		-			-			-			(941	)		(24	)		(965	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			-			(38,719	)		-			-			(38,719	)		-			(38,719	)
Share-based awards exercised or distributed		-		281		(5,051	)		-			-			5,051			(281	)		-			-			-
Stock compensation expense		-		-		1,650			-			-			-			-			1,650			-			1,650
Balances at March 31, 2020	$	1,777		132,024	$	396,646		$	356,916		$	(143,805	)	$	(473,059	)		26,171		$	138,475		$	655		$	139,130

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Net loss attributable to Covia Holdings Corporation	$	(941	)	$	(52,245	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		34,830			58,095
Amortization of deferred financing costs		1,237			1,490
Gain on disposal of fixed assets		(815	)		-
Deferred income tax benefit		(665	)		(8,596	)
Stock compensation expense		1,650			2,767
Net loss from non-controlling interest		(24	)		(3	)
Other, net		(2,277	)		150
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		12,070			(44,525	)
Inventories		2,060			2,785
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(23,517	)		7,703
Accounts payable		40			(6,364	)
Accrued expenses		(24,376	)		(16,339	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(728	)		(55,082	)

Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures		(8,297	)		(32,881	)
Capitalized interest		(752	)		(3,283	)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets		1,083			-
Net cash used in investing activities		(7,966	)		(36,164	)

Cash flows from financing activities
Payments on Term Loan		(7,931	)		(4,125	)
Payments on other long-term debt		(35	)		(87	)
Payments on finance lease liabilities		(1,182	)		(1,120	)
Tax payments for withholdings on share-based awards exercised or distributed		(183	)		(357	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(9,331	)		(5,689	)

Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes		(3,295	)		97
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(21,320	)		(96,838	)

Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of period		319,484			134,130
End of period	$	298,164		$	37,292

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest	$	(25,503	)	$	(23,698	)
Income taxes (paid) refunded		83			(2,332	)
Non-cash increase in asset retirement obligations		6,474			-
Non-cash investing activities:
Capital expenditures and capitalized interest in accounts payable and accrued expenses		2,369			18,738
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	$	169		$	411,191

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Covia Holdings Corporation, including its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Covia,” and “Company”), is a leading provider of diversified mineral-based and material solutions for the Industrial and Energy markets. We provide a wide range of specialized silica sand, nepheline syenite, feldspar, calcium carbonate, clay, and kaolin products for use in the glass, ceramics, coatings, foundry, polymers, construction, water filtration, sports and recreation, and oil and gas markets in North America and around the world. Our Industrial segment provides raw, value-added and custom-blended products to the glass, ceramics, metals, coatings, polymers, construction, foundry, filtration, sports and recreation and various other industries, primarily in North America. Our Energy segment offers the oil and gas industry a comprehensive portfolio of raw frac sand, value-added-proppants, well-cementing additives, gravel-packing media and drilling mud additives. Our products serve hydraulic fracturing operations in the U.S., Canada, Argentina, Mexico, China, and northern Europe.

Covia began operating in its current form following a business combination between Fairmount Santrol Holdings Inc. (“Fairmont Santrol”) and Unimin Corporation (“Unimin”) pursuant to which Fairmount Santrol was merged into a wholly-owned subsidiary of Unimin, Bison Merger Sub, LLC (“Merger Sub”), with Merger Sub as the surviving entity following the merger (the “Merger”). The Merger was completed on June 1, 2018 (the “Merger Date”), after which Unimin changed its name to Covia Holdings Corporation. Covia began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol ~~“CVIA”~~��CVIA” on June 1, 2018. See Note 21 for further detail on Covia’s listing on the NYSE.

Certain reclassifications of prior period presentations have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (which are of a normal, recurring nature) and disclosures necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows of the reported interim periods. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 16, 2020 (“Form 10-K”), and information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”).

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that it will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets, and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. In connection with the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, we conducted an evaluation as to whether there were conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raised substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

On June 29, 2020, the Company and certain of its direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries filed a petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, and in connection therewith, entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (as defined below) as part of a prearranged plan of reorganization (see further description below).

In light of the Company’s Chapter 11 proceedings, our ability to continue as a going concern is contingent upon, among other things, our ability to, subject to the approval by the Bankruptcy Court (as defined below), implement a business plan of reorganization, emerge from the Chapter 11 proceedings and generate sufficient liquidity following the reorganization to meet our contractual obligations and operating needs. As a result of risks and uncertainties related to, among other things, (i) the Company’s ability to obtain requisite support for the business plan of reorganization from various stakeholders, and (ii) the disruptive effects of the Chapter 11 proceedings on our business making it potentially more difficult to maintain business, financing and operational relationships,

together with the Company’s recurring losses and accumulated deficit, substantial doubt exists regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

Although management believes that the reorganization of the Company through the Chapter 11 Cases (as defined below) will position the Company for sustainable growth opportunities, the Chapter 11 filing caused an event of default under certain instruments governing the Company’s indebtedness, which is stayed during the pendency of the Company’s bankruptcy proceeding. Further, there are several risks and uncertainties associated with the Company’s bankruptcy, including, among others: (a) the Company’s prearranged plan of reorganization may never be confirmed or become effective, (b) the Restructuring Support Agreement (as defined below) may be terminated by one or more of the parties thereto, (c) the Bankruptcy Court may grant or deny motions in a manner that is adverse to the Company and its subsidiaries, and (d) the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases may be converted into a Chapter 7 liquidation.

On June 29, 2020 (the “Petition Date”), Covia Holdings Corporation and certain of its direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company Parties”) filed voluntary petitions for relief (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) with the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re: Covia Holdings Corporation, et al.

The Company Parties continue to operate their businesses as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court. To ensure ordinary course operations, the Debtors have sought, and expect to obtain, approval from the Bankruptcy Court for certain “first day” motions, including motions to obtain customary relief intended to continue ordinary course operations after the Petition Date.

The Company’s filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under the Term Loan, the Industrial Revenue Bond and the Receivables Facility (in each case, as defined herein). Due to the Chapter 11 Cases, however, the lenders’ ability to exercise remedies under the Company’s respective debt instruments was stayed as of the date of the Chapter 11 petition and continues to be stayed.

On June 29, 2020, and in connection with the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Company Parties entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (the “Restructuring Support Agreement”) with the lenders who represent at least a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the lenders under the Term Loan Agreement (the “Consenting Stakeholders”). The Restructuring Support Agreement contemplates that the restructuring and recapitalization of the Company Parties will occur through a prearranged plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 Cases (the “Plan”).

Under the Restructuring Support Agreement, the Plan must be confirmed and declared effective by the Bankruptcy Court no later than 150 days after the Petition Date. Under the Bankruptcy Code, a majority in number and two-thirds in amount of each impaired class of claims must approve the Plan. The Restructuring Support Agreement requires the Consenting Stakeholders to vote in favor of and support the Plan, and the Consenting Stakeholders represent the requisite number of votes for the Term Loan’s class of creditors entitled to vote on the Plan. See Note 21 for further detail on the terms of the Restructuring Support Agreement.

The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the Chapter 11 Cases. Although the Company expects the Chapter 11 Cases to proceed in accordance with the milestones set forth in the Restructuring Support Agreement, third parties may propose alternative plans of reorganization. Further, the Restructuring Support Agreement may be terminated upon the occurrence of certain events set forth in the Definitive Documents (as defined in the Restructuring Support Agreement), including the failure to meet specified milestones specified in the Restructuring Term Sheet. In the event the Plan is not confirmed or the Restructuring Support Agreement is terminated, the duration of the Chapter 11 Cases will be extended which will increase the Company’s expenses and reduce the Company’s capital resources. Further, even if the Plan is confirmed, although the Company expects the exit financing provided for in the Plan will be sufficient to make all payments required by the Plan, the Company faces many risks and uncertainties that it cannot predict and consequently, there is no guarantee that the exit financing provided for in the Plan will be sufficient to accomplish the Company’s reorganization strategy.

For periods occurring after the Petition Date, the Company began accounting and reporting according to Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 852 – Reorganizations, which specifies the accounting and financial reporting requirements for entities reorganizing through chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. These requirements include distinguishing transactions associated with the reorganization separate from activities related to the ongoing operations of the business.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant areas requiring the use of management estimates and assumptions relate to: the useful life of definite-lived intangible assets; asset retirement obligations; estimates of allowance for doubtful accounts; estimates of fair value for reporting units and asset impairments (including impairments of goodwill and other long-lived assets); adjustments of inventories to net realizable value; post-employment, post-retirement and other employee benefit liabilities; valuation allowances for deferred tax assets; and reserves for contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, including the use of valuation experts. Accordingly, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU No. 2016-13 – Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that applies a forward-looking “expected loss” model to receivables, loans and other instruments. The impact of the adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidation financial statements and disclosures. The allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2019 was $2.2 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 we recorded $0.2 million of bad debt expense and had a balance in allowance for doubtful accounts at March 31, 2020 of $2.1 million.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14 – Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU 2018-14”). The amendments in ASU 2018-14 remove various disclosures that no longer are considered cost-beneficial, namely amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year. Further, ASU 2018-14 requires disclosure or clarification of the reasons for significant gains or losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period, as well as projected and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 and is required to be applied on a retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12 – Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). The amendments in ASU 2019-12 simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions regarding the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocations, deferred tax liabilities for equity method investments, and general methodology calculations when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss. Additionally, ASU 2019-12 further simplifies accounting for income taxes by: (1) requiring certain franchise taxes to be accounted for as income-based tax or non-income-based tax; (2) requiring evaluation of the tax basis of goodwill in business combinations; (3) specifying the requirements and elections for allocating consolidated current and deferred tax expense to legal entities not subject to tax separately; and (4) requiring reflection of the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The various amendments can be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective, or prospective basis, depending on the amendment. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, inventories consisted of the following:

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following:

We are required to evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount of our long-lived asset groups whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset groups may not be recoverable. We performed an analysis of impairment indicators of the asset groups and the precipitous decline in oil and gas markets required a review of the assets of our Energy segment for recoverability. We have concluded that the asset groups within our Energy segment were recoverable at March 31, 2020; however, there is a risk that we will be unable to recover certain asset groups within our Energy segment, associated with our West Texas operations, due to the capacity reduction decisions made in the second quarter of 2020. These reductions are being evaluated to determine if they will impact future undiscounted cashflows of the asset groups, that as of March 31, 2020 have a carrying value of approximately $300 million, a portion of which may be deemed impaired.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, long-term debt consisted of the following:

As discussed in Note 1, the Company and certain of its direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy code on June 29, 2020, which constitutes an Event of Default under the $1.65 billion senior secured term loan and the Industrial Revenue Bond. As such, at March 31, 2020, all outstanding debt related to the Term Loan has been classified as current portion of long-term debt in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2020. See Note 21 for further detail on the Company Parties’ Voluntary Reorganization under Chapter 11.

On June 1, 2018, in connection with the Merger, we completed a debt refinancing transaction with Barclays Bank PLC as administrative agent by entering into a $1.65 billion senior secured term loan (the “Term Loan”) that was issued at par with a maturity date of June 1, 2025. The Term Loan requires quarterly principal payments of $4.1 million, reduced to $4.0 million after the December 2019 repurchases, and quarterly interest payments from September 30, 2018 through March 31, 2025 with the balance payable at the maturity date. Interest accrues at the rate of the three-month LIBOR plus 325 to 400 basis points depending on Total Net Leverage (as hereinafter defined) with a LIBOR floor of 1.0% or the Base Rate (as hereinafter defined). Total Net Leverage is defined as total debt net of up to $150.0 million of non-restricted cash, divided by EBITDA. The Term Loan is guaranteed by all of our wholly-owned, material, domestic, restricted subsidiaries (including Merger Sub as successor to Fairmount Santrol, and all of the wholly-owned material restricted subsidiaries of Fairmount Santrol), subject to certain exceptions. In addition, subject to various exceptions, the Term Loan is secured by substantially all of our assets and those of each guarantor, including, but not limited to (a) a perfected first-priority pledge of all of the capital stock held by us or any guarantor of each existing or subsequently acquired or organized wholly-owned restricted subsidiary (no more than 65% of the voting stock of any foreign subsidiary) and (b) perfected first priority security interests in substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets and those of each guarantor. The Term Loan is not guaranteed by certain foreign subsidiaries, including our Mexican and Canadian subsidiaries. We have the option to prepay the Term Loan without premium or penalty other than customary breakage costs with respect to LIBOR borrowings. There are no financial covenants governing the Term Loan. The Term Loan places certain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends on our common stock.

In addition to the Term Loan, on June 1, 2018, in connection with the Merger, we entered into a $200 million revolving credit facility (as amended, the “Revolver”) to replace a previous credit facility. There were 0 borrowings under the Revolver at December 31, 2019. We voluntarily cancelled the Revolver, effective December 31, 2019, in connection with receiving a commitment from PNC Bank, National Association, for a new, three-year credit facility for up to $75 million.

On March 31, 2020, we entered into a Receivables Financing Agreement (“Receivables Facility”) by and among (i) Covia, as initial servicer, (ii) Covia Financing LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Covia, as borrower (“Covia Financing”), (iii) the persons from time to time party thereto, as lenders, (iv) PNC Bank, National Association, as LC bank and as administrative agent (“PNC”), and (v) PNC Capital Markets LLC, as structuring agent (“Structuring Agent”). In connection with the Receivables Facility, on March 31, 2020, Covia, as originator and servicer, and Covia Financing, as the buyer, entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“PSA”), and various of Covia’s subsidiaries, as sub-originators (“Sub-Originators”), and Covia, as the buyer and servicer, entered into the Sub-Originator Purchase and Sale Agreement (“Sub-PSA”). Together, the Receivables Facility, the PSA, and the Sub-PSA (“Agreements”) establish the primary terms and conditions of an accounts receivable securitization program (the “Receivables Facility”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Sub-PSA, the Sub-Originators will sell its receivables to Covia in a true sale conveyance. Pursuant to the PSA, Covia, in its capacity as originator, will sell in a true sale conveyance its receivables, including the receivables it purchased from the Sub-Originators, to Covia Financing. Under the Receivables Facility, Covia Financing may borrow or obtain letters of credit in an amount not to exceed $75 million in the aggregate and will secure its obligations with a pledge of undivided interests in such receivables, together with related security and interests in the proceeds thereof, to PNC. The loans under the Receivables Facility are an obligation of Covia Financing and not the Sub-Originators or Covia. None of the Sub-Originators nor Covia guarantee the collectability of the trade receivables or the creditworthiness of the obligors of the receivables.

The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under the Receivables Facility. See Note 21 for further detail on the Receivables Facility.

We hold a $10.0 million Industrial Revenue Bond related to the construction of a mining facility in Wisconsin. The bond bears interest, which is payable monthly at a variable rate. The rate was 4.5% at March 31, 2020. The bond matures on September 1, 2027 and is collateralized by a letter of credit of $10.0 million. The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under the Industrial Revenue Bond. See Note 21 for further details.

Other borrowings at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were comprised of a promissory note with three unrelated third parties. Two of these unrelated parties had interest rates of 1.0% and 4.11%, respectively, at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The third unrelated party was repaid with proceeds from the sale of the Winchester & Western Railroad from September 10, 2019 and did not require any interest payments.

As of March 31, 2020, one of our subsidiaries had a C$2.0 million Canadian dollar overdraft facility with the Bank of Montreal. We have guaranteed the obligations of the subsidiary under the overdraft facility. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 0 borrowings outstanding under the overdraft facility. The rates of the overdraft facility were 4.95% at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. On June 25, 2020, we amended the terms of the facility, reducing the amount to C$500,000 and removing the guarantee obligations.

At March 31, 2020 we had $12.7 million of outstanding standby letters of credit backed by the Receivables Facility. At December 31, 2019, we had $13.2 million of outstanding standby letters of credit held outside of a credit facility.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accrued expenses consisted of the following:

The table below shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively:

The calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 excludes 3.3 million and 2.9 million potential shares of common stock, respectively. These potential shares of common stock are excluded from the calculations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding because the effect of including these potential shares of common stock would be antidilutive.

The dilutive effect of 0.4 million and 0.3 million shares in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, was omitted from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding and diluted earnings per share because we were in a loss position in those periods.

Due to our variable-rate indebtedness, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. We use fixed interest rate swaps to manage this exposure. No components of our hedging instruments were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional value. The gain or loss on the interest rate swap is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

All of our derivative financial instruments are designated as hedging instruments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The following table summarizes our interest rate swap agreements at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

We expect $8.3 million to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into interest expense within the next twelve months.

The following table summarizes the fair values and the respective classification in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The net amount of derivative liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value in Note 8:

The tables below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2020 and 2019:

The table below presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

All of our derivative financial instruments are designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under the agreements governing the interest rate swaps, resulting in the acceleration of our outstanding indebtedness thereunder. See Note 21 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

Financial instruments held by us include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, long-term debt (including the current portion thereof) and interest rate swaps.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, we utilize certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique.

Based on the examination of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, we are required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair values because of their short maturities. The carrying value of our long-term debt (including the current portion thereof) is recognized at amortized cost. The fair value of the Term Loan differs from amortized cost and is valued at prices obtained from a readily-available source for trading non-public debt, which represents quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, and therefore is considered Level 2. See Note 4 for further details on our long-term debt. The following table presents the fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, for our long-term debt:

	Quoted Prices		Other
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
Long-Term Debt Fair Value Measurements	(in thousands)
March 31, 2020
Term Loan	$	-	$	685,744	$	-	$	685,744
Industrial Revenue Bond		-		10,000		-		10,000
	$	-	$	695,744	$	-	$	695,744

December 31, 2019
Term Loan	$	-	$	1,210,075	$	-	$	1,210,075
Industrial Revenue Bond		-		10,000		-		10,000
	$	-	$	1,220,075	$	-	$	1,220,075

The following table presents the amounts carried at fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for our other financial instruments.

Fair value of interest rate swap agreements is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows, considering the risks involved, and using discount rates appropriate for the maturity date. These are determined using Level 2 inputs.

Stock-based compensation includes time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”), and nonqualified stock options (“Options” and, together with the RSUs and PSUs, the “Awards”). These Awards are governed by

various plans: the FMSA Holdings Inc. Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (“2006 Plan”), the FMSA Holdings, Inc. Stock Option Plan (“2010 Plan”), the FMSA Holdings Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”), and the Covia Holdings Corporation 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2018 Plan”). Options may be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time after becoming exercisable, but not later than the date the Option expires, which is typically ten years from the original grant date. All Options granted under the 2006 Plan and 2010 Plan became fully vested as part of the Merger, and 0 Options have been granted since the Merger Date. PSUs granted under the 2014 Plan were converted to RSUs as part of the Merger. All Awards granted since the Merger Date have been made under the 2018 Plan and have been limited to RSUs and PSUs.

The fair values of the RSUs and Options were estimated at the Merger Date. The fair value of the RSUs was determined to be the opening share price of Covia’s common stock on the NYSE at the Merger Date. The fair value of Options was estimated at the Merger date using the Black Scholes-Merton option pricing model.

All Awards activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows:

We recorded stock compensation expense of $1.7 million and $2.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Stock compensation expense is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss and in additional paid-in capital on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We compute and apply to ordinary income an estimated annual effective tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted business levels and activities, including the mix of domestic and foreign results and enacted tax laws. The estimated annual effective tax rate is updated quarterly based on actual results and updated operating forecasts. Ordinary income refers to income from continuing operations before income tax expense excluding significant, unusual, or infrequently occurring items. The tax effect of an unusual or infrequently occurring item is recorded in the interim period in which it occurs as a discrete item of tax.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a tax benefit of $28.3 million on a loss before income taxes of $29.2 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 96.7%, compared to a tax benefit of $4.1 million on loss before income taxes of $56.3 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 7.2% for the same period of 2019. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily attributable to a discrete benefit resulting from provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act allowing for increased carryback and utilization of net operating losses (see additional explanation below). The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to depletion, the impact of foreign taxes, tax provisions requiring U.S. income inclusion of foreign income, and changes to a valuation allowance set up on deferred taxes.

In response to the economic impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, on March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the CARES Act. The CARES Act enacts a number of economic relief measures, including the infusion of various tax cash benefits into negatively affected companies to ease the impact of the pandemic. The CARES Act specifically includes provisions allowing net operating losses arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2021 to be carried back to each of the five tax years preceding the tax year of such loss. In addition, the CARES Act removed the limitation that net operating losses generated after 2017 could only offset 80% of taxable income. For the quarter ending March 31, 2020, we recorded a discrete benefit of $29.3 million resulting from this change as losses now eligible for utilization were estimated as not realizable prior to the CARES Act.

We maintain retirement, post-retirement medical and long-term benefit plans in several countries.

In the U.S., we sponsor the Covia Holdings Corporation Pension Plan, formerly known as the Unimin Corporation Pension Plan (the “Pension Plan”), a defined benefit plan for hourly and salaried employees, and the Covia Holdings Corporation Restoration Plan, formerly known as the Unimin Corporation Pension Restoration Plan (the “Restoration Plan”), a non-qualified supplemental benefit plan. The Pension Plan is a funded plan. Minimum funding and maximum tax-deductible contribution limits for the Pension Plan are defined by the Internal Revenue Service. The Restoration Plan is unfunded. Under the Restoration Plan, salaried participants accrue benefits based on service and final average pay. Hourly participants' benefits are based on service and a benefit formula. The Pension Plan was closed to new entrants effective January 1, 2008, and union employee participation in the Pension Plan at the last 3 unionized locations participating in the Pension Plan was closed to new entrants effective November 1, 2017. Until the Restoration Plan was amended to exclude new entrants on August 15, 2017, all salaried participants eligible for the Pension Plan were also eligible for the Restoration Plan. The Pension Plan was frozen as of December 31, 2018 for all non-union employees, and the Restoration Plan was frozen for all participants as of December 31, 2018.

An independent trustee has been appointed for the Pension Plan whose responsibilities include custody of plan assets as well as recordkeeping. A pension committee consisting of members of senior management provides oversight of the Pension Plan. In addition, an independent advisor has been engaged for the Pension Plan to provide advice on the management of the plan assets. The primary risk of the Pension Plan is the volatility of the funded status. Liabilities are exposed to interest rate risk and demographic risk (e.g., mortality, turnover, etc.). Assets are exposed to interest rate risk, market risk, and credit risk.

In addition to the Restoration Plan and the Pension Plan in the U.S., we offer a retiree medical plan in the U.S. to certain union employees that is exposed to risk of increases in health care costs. The retiree medical plan previously covered certain salaried employees and certain groups of hourly employees, but effective December 31, 2018, the retiree medical plan was terminated for salaried employees. The retiree medical plan remains open to certain groups of union employees.

In Canada, we sponsor 3 defined benefit retirement plans. NaN of the plans are for hourly employees and 1 is for salaried employees. Salaried employees were eligible to participate in a plan consisting of a defined benefit portion that has been closed to new entrants since January 1, 2008 and a defined contribution portion for employees hired after January 1, 2018. Minimum funding is required under the provincial Pension Benefits Act (Ontario) and related regulations and maximum funding is set in the Federal Income Tax Act of Canada and regulations. The defined benefit retirement plans are administered by Covia Canada Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Covia Holdings Corporation (“Covia Canada”). A pension committee exists to ensure proper administration, management and investment review with respect to the benefits of the defined benefit retirement plans through implementation of governance procedures. In addition, there are 2 post-retirement medical plans in Canada. The medical plans are administered by an insurance company with Covia Canada having the ultimate responsibility for all decisions.

In Mexico, we sponsor 4 retirement plans, 2 of which are seniority premium plans as defined by Mexican labor law. The remaining plans are defined benefit plans with a minimum benefit equal to the severance payment that would have been paid in the event of termination for other than just cause, required by Mexican labor law. Minimum funding is not required, and maximum funding is defined according to the actuarial cost method registered with the Mexican Tax Authority. Investment decisions are made by an administrative committee of Grupo Materias Primas de Mexico S. de R. L. de C.V., a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Covia Holdings Corporation. All plans in Mexico pay lump sums on retirement and pension plans pay benefits through 5 annual payments conditioned on compliance with non-compete covenants.

As part of the Merger, we assumed the 2 defined benefit pension plans of Fairmount Santrol, the Wedron Silica Company Hourly Employees’ Pension Plan (the “Wedron Pension Plan”) and the Pension Plan for Hourly Bargaining Unit of Technisand – Troy Grove (the “Troy Grove Pension Plan”). These plans cover union employees at certain facilities and provide benefit units based upon years of service. Benefits under the Wedron Pension Plan were frozen effective December 31, 2012. Benefits under the Troy Grove Pension Plan were frozen effective December 31, 2016.

The Pension Plan, Restoration Plan, Wedron Pension Plan and Troy Grove Pension Plan were merged into one plan, effective December 31, 2019 (the “Covia Pension Plan”). For 2018 and 2017, the Wedron Pension Plan and Troy Grove Pension Plan are collectively referred to as the “Fairmount Pension Plans.” The post-retirement medical plans in the United States and Canada are collectively referred to as the “Postretirement Medical Plans.”

We have applied settlement accounting in the three months ended March 30, 2020 and 2019 due to distributions exceeding the current period service and interest costs. These amounts are included in other non-operating expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss. As a result of the distributions, we re-measured our obligations under the Covia Pension Plan and the discount rate was increased from 3.15% at January 1, 2020 to 3.35% at March 31, 2020. There were no other changes to the assumptions used to calculate the obligation at March 31, 2020.

The following tables summarize the components of net periodic benefit costs. Service costs incurred for plant personnel are included in cost of goods sold. Service costs incurred for corporate personnel and retirees are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. All other components of net period benefit cost are included in other non-operating expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 as follows:

We contributed $1.3 million and $0.3 million to the Covia Pension Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Contributions into the Covia Pension Plans for the year ended December 31, 2020 are expected to be $4.0 million.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss is a separate line within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity that reports our cumulative loss that has not been reported as part of net loss. The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Covia at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

Operating leases and finance leases are included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

Operating lease costs are recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The change in operating lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 is due to the impairment on operating right-of-use assets recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2019. For operating leases that have been impaired, the lease liability continues to amortize using the same effective interest method as before the impairment charge and the operating right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis. Finance lease costs include amortization of the right-of-use assets and interest on lease liabilities. The components of lease costs, which were included in loss from operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss, were as follows:

Asset retirement obligations are recorded in Other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the asset retirement obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

Asset retirement obligations increased from March 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 primarily due to shortened mines lives and renewed estimates recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019.

We are involved in various legal proceedings, including as a defendant in a number of lawsuits. Although the outcomes of these proceedings and lawsuits cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that any of the pending legal proceedings and lawsuits

are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, we believe that our insurance coverage will mitigate many of these claims.

On March 18, 2019, in connection with a non-public SEC investigation, we received a subpoena seeking information relating to certain value-added proppants marketed and sold by Fairmount Santrol or Covia within the Energy segment since January 1, 2014. Since the issuance of that subpoena, the SEC has requested additional information and subpoenaed certain current and former employees to testify. We have been cooperating with the SEC’s investigation. The investigation is ongoing, and we cannot provide an estimate of the potential range of loss, if any, that may result. Accordingly, no accrual has been made with respect to this matter.

On June 29, 2020, the Company Parties filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in Bankruptcy Court. As a result of such bankruptcy filings, substantially all proceedings pending against the Company Parties have been stayed.

We have entered into numerous mineral rights agreements, in which payments under the agreements are expensed as incurred. Certain agreements require annual or quarterly payments based upon annual tons mined or the average selling price of tons sold. Total royalty expense associated with these agreements was $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

We sell minerals to SCR-Sibelco NV, the owner of approximately 65% of the outstanding shares of Covia’s common stock (“Sibelco”), and certain of its subsidiaries (together with Sibelco, collectively, “related parties”). Sales to related parties amounted to $2.3 million and $2.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had accounts receivable from related parties of $2.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts are included in Accounts receivable, net in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We purchase minerals from certain related parties. Purchases from related parties amounted to $1.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had accounts payable to related parties of $2.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively. These amounts are included in Accounts payable in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On June 1, 2018, we entered into an agreement with Sibelco whereby Sibelco provides sales and marketing support for certain products supporting the performance coatings and polymer solutions markets in North America and Mexico, for which we pay a 5% commission of revenue, and in the rest of the world, for which we pay a 10% commission of revenue. Sibelco also assists with sales and marketing efforts for certain products in the ceramics and sanitary ware industries outside of North America and Mexico for which we pay a 5% commission of revenue. In addition, we provide sales and marketing support to Sibelco for certain products used in ceramics in North America and Mexico for which we earn a 10% commission of revenue. We recorded net commission expense of $0.6 million and $1.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These amounts are recorded in Selling, general and administration expenses.

Revenues are primarily derived from contracts with customers with terms typically ranging from one to eight years in length and are measured by the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring our products. Revenues are recognized as each performance obligation within the contract is satisfied; this occurs with the transfer of control of our product in accordance with delivery methods as defined in the underlying contract. Performance obligations do not extend beyond one year. Transfer of control to customers generally occurs when products leave our facilities or at other predetermined control transfer point. We account for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers as a cost of fulfillment instead of a separate performance obligation.

We disaggregate revenues by major source consistent with our segment reporting. See Note 18 for further disaggregation of revenue.

Accounts receivable as presented in the consolidated balance sheets are related to our contracts and are recorded when the right to consideration becomes likely at the amount management expects to collect. Accounts receivable do not bear interest if paid when contractually due, and payments are generally due within thirty to forty-five days of invoicing. We typically do not record contract assets, as the transfer of control of our products results in an unconditional right to receive consideration.

We enter into certain supply agreements with customers that include provisions requiring payment at the inception of the supply agreement. Deferred revenue is recorded when payment is received in advance of the performance obligation. Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, deferred revenue balances of $19.6 million and $7.8 million were recorded as current liabilities. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, deferred revenue balances of $5.1 million and $5.4 million were recorded in other non-current liabilities.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, we did 0t have any customers whose accounts receivable balance exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable.

In the three months ended March 31, 2020 we did 0t have any customers that exceeded 10% of revenues. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, 1 customer in our Energy segment exceeded 10% of revenues and accounted for 11% of revenues in such period.

We organize our business into 2 reportable segments, Energy and Industrial. Our Energy segment offers the oil and gas industry a comprehensive portfolio of raw frac sand, value-added-proppants, well-cementing additives, gravel-packing media and drilling mud additives. Our products serve hydraulic fracturing operations in the U.S., Canada, Argentina, Mexico, China, and northern Europe. The Industrial segment provides raw, value-added and custom-blended products to the glass, ceramics, metals, coatings, polymers, construction, foundry, filtration, sports and recreation and various other industries.

Prior to the second quarter of 2019, the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) primarily evaluated an operating segment’s performance based on segment gross profit, which does not include any selling, general, and administrative costs or corporate costs. Beginning with the second quarter of 2019, the CODM changed the method to evaluate the Company’s operating segments’ performance based on segment contribution margin. Segment contribution margin excludes selling, general, and administrative costs, corporate costs, operating costs of idled facilities, and operating costs of excess railcar capacity. This change was made to better measure the operating performance of the reportable segments and to monitor performance without these non-operational costs.

The reportable segments are consistent with how management views the markets served by us and the financial information reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

Segment information for all periods presented in the table below has been revised accordingly to reflect the new measure of profit and loss.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Revenues
Energy	$	152,373		$	236,075
Industrial		170,287			192,171
Total revenues		322,660			428,246

Segment contribution margin
Energy		21,538			22,019
Industrial		54,200			51,622
Total segment contribution margin		75,738			73,641

Operating costs of idled facilities and excess railcar capacity		6,952			6,955
Selling, general, and administrative		33,447			41,960
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		34,830			58,095
Restructuring and other charges		5,499			2,002
Other operating income, net		(2,268	)		(6,859	)
Loss from operations		(2,722	)		(28,512	)
Interest expense, net		23,583			25,603
Other non-operating expense, net		2,912			2,187
Loss before benefit for income taxes	$	(29,217	)	$	(56,302	)

Asset information, including capital expenditures and depreciation, depletion, and amortization, by segment is not included in reports used by management in its monitoring of performance and, therefore, is not reported by segment.

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill was $119.8 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is entirely attributable to the Industrial segment. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level on an annual basis on October 31 and also on an interim basis when indicators of impairment exist. There were no events or changes in circumstances that would more likely than not result in an impairment in the carrying value of goodwill at March 31, 2020.

	March 31, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Amortization			Intangible Assets, net		Weighted Average Amortization Period
	(in thousands)
Stream mitigation rights	$	2,328	$	(971	)	$	(20	)	$	1,337	17 years
Customer relationships		51,537		(19,264	)		(1,879	)		30,394	4 years
Intangible assets, net	$	53,865	$	(20,235	)	$	(1,899	)	$	31,731	5 years



	December 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment			Intangible Assets, net		Weighted Average Amortization Period
	(in thousands)
Stream mitigation rights	$	4,170	$	(971	)	$	(1,842	)	$	1,357	17 years
Customer relationships		73,000		(19,264	)		(21,463	)		32,273	4 years
Intangible assets, net	$	77,170	$	(20,235	)	$	(23,305	)	$	33,630	5 years

Amortization expense is recognized in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss. Amortization expense was $1.9 million and $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the five succeeding years is as follows:

In response to changing market demands, including capital constraints of oil and gas producers that have impacted production growth, growth in proppant supply in excess of demand, and shift of demand from high-quality proppant to more cost-effective proppant, we idled operations and reduced capacities at facilities serving the Energy segment. We did not allocate restructuring charges to our Energy segment.

Additionally, in connection with the Merger, we initiated restructuring activities to achieve cost synergies from our combined operations. We did not allocate these Merger-related restructuring charges to either of our business segments.

The following table presents a summary of restructuring charges for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

The following table presents our restructuring reserve activity during 2020 and 2019:

The restructuring reserve is included in accrued expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Restructuring and other charges on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 includes other charges related to consulting and strategic costs of $5.5 million. These other charges were recorded in Accrued expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet but not included in the above tables.

As a response to changing market conditions the Company has taken further action in the second quarter of 2020, which includes the idling of our Kermit and Utica facility, reducing productive capacity at several facilities, and reducing headcount across the Company.

On June 29, 2020, the Company and certain of its direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries commenced the Chapter 11 Cases in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division. Primary factors causing us to file for Chapter 11 protection included unsustainable long-term debt obligations and significant excess operating costs, as well as the economic slowdown impacting the Company and several of its end markets due to COVID-19, among others.

The Restructuring Support Agreement contemplates agreed-upon terms for a prearranged plan of reorganization (as defined above, the “Plan”). Under the Restructuring Support Agreement, the Consenting Stakeholders have agreed, subject to certain terms and conditions, to support a financial restructuring (the “Restructuring”) of the existing debt of, existing equity interests in, and certain other obligations of the Company Parties, pursuant to the Plan to be filed in the Chapter 11 Cases of title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code.

The Plan will be implemented in accordance with the restructuring term sheet attached to, and incorporated into, the Restructuring Support Agreement (the “Term Sheet”) (such transactions described in, and in accordance with the Restructuring Support Agreement and the Term Sheet, the “Restructuring Transactions”) which, among other things, contemplates:

In accordance with the Restructuring Support Agreement, the Consenting Stakeholders agreed, among other things, to: (i) support the Restructuring Transactions and vote and exercise any powers or rights available to it (including in any board, shareholders’, or

creditors’ meeting or in any process requiring voting or approval to which they are legally entitled to participate), in each case, in favor of any matter requiring approval to the extent necessary to implement the Restructuring Transactions; (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with and assist the Company Parties in obtaining additional support for the Restructuring Transactions from the Company Parties’ other stakeholders; (iii) vote and consent to accept the Plan; (iv) negotiate in good faith and use commercially reasonable efforts to execute and implement the Definitive Documents and any other required agreements to effectuate and consummate the Restructuring Transactions as contemplated by this Restructuring Support Agreement to which it is required to be a party; (v) not to object to, delay, impede, or take any other action to interfere with acceptance, implementation, or consummation of the Restructuring Transactions; and (vi) except as permitted in the Restructuring Support Agreement, not transfer any ownership (including any beneficial ownership as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) held by each Consenting Stakeholder.

In accordance with the Restructuring Support Agreement, the Company Parties agreed, among other things, to: (i) support and take all steps necessary and desirable to consummate the Restructuring Transactions in accordance with the Restructuring Support Agreement; (ii) not take any action, that is inconsistent in any material respect, or that would reasonably be expected to prevent, interfere with, delay, frustrate or impede approval, implementation and consummation of the Restructuring Transactions; (iii) to the extent any legal or structural impediment arises that would prevent, hinder, or delay the consummation of the Restructuring Transactions contemplated in the Restructuring Support Agreement or the Plan, support and take all steps reasonably necessary and desirable to address any such impediment; (iv) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any and all required governmental, regulatory and/or third-party approvals for the Restructuring Transactions; (v) negotiate in good faith and execute and deliver the Definitive Documents and any other required agreements to effectuate and consummate the Restructuring Transactions as contemplated by this Restructuring Support Agreement; and (vi) use commercially reasonable efforts to seek additional support for the Restructuring Transactions from their other material stakeholders to the extent reasonably prudent.

The Restructuring Support Agreement may be terminated upon the occurrence of certain events set forth therein, including, among other things, the failure to meet specified milestones specified in the Restructuring Term Sheet.

To implement the Plan, on June 29, 2020, the Company Parties filed the Chapter 11 Cases under the Bankruptcy Code in the Bankruptcy Court. The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re: Covia Holdings Corporation, et al.

The Company Parties continue to operate their businesses and manage their properties as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court. To ensure the Company Parties’ ability to continue operating in the ordinary course of business and minimize the effect of the Restructuring on the Company Parties’ customers and employees, the Company Parties filed with the Bankruptcy Court motions seeking a variety of “first-day” relief, including authority to pay employee wages and benefits, and pay vendors and suppliers for goods and services provided both before and after the filing date.

Further, the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under, and resulted in the acceleration of, certain of the Company Parties’ obligations, including under the following debt instruments (the “Debt Instruments”):

The Debt Instruments provide that as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, the principal and interest due thereunder shall be immediately due and payable. The Debtors believe that any efforts to enforce the financial obligations under the Debt Instruments are stayed as a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases in the Bankruptcy Court.

The Company expects to be notified by the staff of NYSE Regulation, Inc. (“NYSE Regulation”) that it plans to commence proceedings to delist the common stock of the Company from NYSE as a result of the Company Parties commencing the Chapter 11 Cases.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements for Purposes of the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“Act”) provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements to encourage companies to provide prospective information, so long as those statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the statements. We wish to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Act.

Certain statements in this Report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act, and such statements are intended to qualify for the protection of the safe harbor provided by the Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report are forward-looking statements, and such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations and projections as to future performance, occurrences and trends, including statements expressing optimism or pessimism about future results or events. The words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “objective,” “goal,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “assume,” “will,” “should,” “may,” “can have,” “likely,” “target,” “forecast,” “guide,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “seek,” “strategy,” “future,” and similar words or expressions identify forward-looking statements. Similarly, all statements we make relating to our strategies, plans, goals, objectives and targets as well as our estimates and projections of results, sales, earnings, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates, initiatives, and the outcomes or impacts of pending or threatened litigation or regulatory actions are also forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are based upon a number of assumptions and factors concerning future conditions that may ultimately prove to be inaccurate and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements, whether made herein, disclosed previously or in our other releases, reports or filings made with the SEC, are subject to risks and uncertainties and they are not guarantees of future performance. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements, thus negatively affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Many of the risks and uncertainties that we face are currently amplified by, and will continue to be amplified by, factors related to the Chapter 11 Cases (as defined herein), including:

Forward-looking statements are and will be based upon our views and assumptions regarding future events and operating performance at the time the statements are made, and are applicable only as of the dates of such statements. We believe the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements we make are based on reasonable assumptions within the bounds of our knowledge. However, forward-looking statements, by their nature, involve assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of these factors are beyond our control, and any one or a combination of which could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Additional important assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors concerning future conditions that could cause actual results and financial condition to differ materially from our expectations, or cautionary statements, are disclosed under the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Report and in the Form 10-K, and may be discussed from time to time in our other filings with the SEC, including Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or to persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements as well as other cautionary statements that are made from time to time in our other SEC filings and public communications. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this Report in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

We caution you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The important factors referenced above may not contain all of the factors that are important to you. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results or developments we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect us or our operations in the way we expect. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our public announcements and SEC filings.

The financial information, discussion and analysis that follow should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this Report as well as the financial and other information included in the Form 10-K.

We are a leading provider of diversified mineral-based and material solutions for the Industrial and Energy markets. We produce a wide range of specialized silica sand, nepheline syenite, feldspar, calcium carbonate, clay, and kaolin products for use in the glass, ceramics, coatings, metals, foundry, polymers, construction, water filtration, sports and recreation, and oil and gas markets in North America and around the world. We currently have 36 active mining facilities with over 35 million tons of annual mineral processing capacity and three active coating facilities with over 770 thousand tons of annual coating capacity. Our mining and coating facilities span North America and also include operations in China and Denmark. Our U.S., Mexico, and Canada operations have many sites in close proximity to our customer base.

Our operations are organized into two segments based on the primary end markets we serve – Energy and Industrial. Our Energy segment offers the oil and gas industry a comprehensive portfolio of raw frac sand, value-added proppants, well-cementing additives, gravel-packing media and drilling mud additives. Our Energy segment products serve hydraulic fracturing operations in the U.S., Canada, Argentina, Mexico, China, and northern Europe. Our Industrial segment provides raw, value-added, and custom-blended products to the glass, construction, ceramics, metals, foundry, coatings, polymers, sports and recreation, filtration and various other industries, primarily in North America.

We believe our segments are complementary. Our ability to sell products to a wide range of customers across multiple end markets allows us to maximize the recovery of our reserve base within our mining operations and to mitigate the cyclicality of our earnings.

Our strategy is centered on three objectives – repositioning our Energy segment, growing our Industrial segment’s profitability and strengthening our balance sheet.

On June 29, 2020, the Company and certain of its direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries (the “Company Parties”) commenced voluntary cases (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (the “Bankruptcy Court”). Primary factors causing us to file for Chapter 11 protection included unsustainable long-term debt obligations and significant excess operating costs, as well as the economic slowdown impacting the Company and several of its end markets due to COVID-19, among others.

The Chapter 11 process can be unpredictable and involves significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, the amount and composition of the Company’s assets, liabilities, officers and/or directors could be significantly different following the outcome of the Chapter 11 cases, and the description of the Company’s operations, properties and liquidity and capital resources included in this quarterly report may not accurately reflect its operations, properties and liquidity and capital resources following the Chapter 11 process. For additional information regarding such risks, please see Part II—Item 1A—Risk Factors.

The Company expects to continue working on a business plan of reorganization and engage with certain of the Company’s creditors under the Term Loan and the Bankruptcy Court in order to confirm a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization, as applicable. The Company Parties have received initial approval from the Bankruptcy Court to maintain business-as-usual operations and uphold their respective commitments to their stakeholders, including employees, customers, and vendors, during the restructuring process, subject to the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. While the Chapter 11 Cases are pending, the Company Parties do not anticipate making interest payments due under their respective debt instruments, except for the Company’s L/C Facility (as defined below), which will be entered into after the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases.

In addition, prior to the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Company entered into a restructuring support agreement (the “Restructuring Support Agreement”) with certain parties (the “Consenting Stakeholders”). Under the Restructuring Support Agreement, the Plan must be confirmed and declared effective by the Bankruptcy Court no later than 150 days after the Petition Date. Under the Bankruptcy Code, a majority in number and two-thirds in amount of each impaired class of claims must approve the Plan. The Restructuring Support Agreement requires the Consenting Stakeholders to vote in favor of and support the Plan, and the Consenting Stakeholders represent the requisite number of votes for the Term Loan’s class of creditors entitled to vote on the Plan. The Restructuring Support Agreement may be terminated by one or more of the Consenting Stakeholders or the Company, or the Bankruptcy Court may refuse to confirm the Plan. For additional discussion regarding risks related to the Restructuring Support Agreement, please see Note 21 above and Part II—Item 1A—Risk Factors.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related economic impacts have created significant volatility and uncertainty in our business. Oil prices have declined sharply due to lower demand which has in turn significantly reduced well completion activity in North America and the corresponding demand for proppants. Despite efforts to reduce the supply of oil from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and other oil producing nations (“OPEC+”), there remains excess oil inventory which has resulted in a severe downturn in completion activity for the foreseeable future.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also caused, and is likely to continue to cause, economic, market and other disruptions throughout North America, which began affecting our Industrial segment late in the first quarter of 2020. In particular, we experienced declines in volumes in the second quarter from customers who either experienced reduced end market demand or were temporarily idled due to quarantine mandates. These reduced volumes occurred across most of our end markets within our Industrial segment. While we believe volume declines related to quarantine efforts are likely to subside in the near term, it remains unclear how long the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will negatively impact longer-term demand for our products due to recessionary pressures in the market.

These events created only modest impacts to our first quarter results, however, we expect a significant impact to revenue and profitability for the remainder of 2020 across both segments. In response to these market conditions, the Company has taken several steps to further reduce active capacity within our Energy segment and lower operational and overhead costs throughout the Company. These actions include the idling of our Kermit and Utica facility, reducing productive capacity at our Seiling facility, and reducing headcount across the Company.

The full extent to which our business is affected by COVID-19 will depend on various factors and consequences beyond our control, such as the duration and magnitude of the pandemic, additional actions by businesses and governments in response to the pandemic, the speed and effectiveness of responses to combat the virus, and the effects of low oil prices on the global economy generally. These effects could have a significant adverse effect on the markets in which we conduct our business and the demand for our products and services, as described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Report.

Demand for proppant is significantly influenced by the level of well completions by exploration and production (“E&P”) and oil field services (“OFS”) companies, which depends largely on the current and anticipated profitability of developing oil and natural gas reserves. The type of proppant used in wells depends on a variety of factors, including cost and desired size, sphericity, roundness, and crush strength. Over the last two years, substantial “local” frac sand reserves have developed primarily within the Permian, Eagle Ford, and Mid-Con basins. The quality of local proppants differs from Northern White Sand in that local proppant generally possesses lower crush strength and less sphericity, however their costs are substantially lower. Local proppant products appear to be adequately fit for purpose in certain well applications, and given their lower costs, demand for local proppant products has strengthened considerably and has taken market share from Northern White Sand.

Proppant supply grew throughout 2018 and in early 2019, driven primarily by significant growth in the supply of new local plants in the Permian, Eagle Ford, and Mid-Con basins. Most local plants were developed to supply local basins in which they are located and lack the logistical infrastructure to economically ship product to other basins. We commissioned local facilities in Crane, Texas and Kermit, Texas in the Permian basin in the third quarter of 2018, each with three million tons of annual production capacity, and a local facility in Seiling, Oklahoma in the Mid-Con basin in the fourth quarter of 2018 with two million tons of annual production capacity.

The total amount of local sand supply brought to market has significantly exceeded market demand and has resulted in lower volumes and prices for Covia. In response to these dynamics, Covia has taken significant steps to match its productive capacity to market demand through the idling of 21 million tons of capacity over the last two years, including operations at mines in Utica, Illinois; Kasota, Minnesota; Shakopee, Minnesota; Brewer, Missouri; Voca, Texas; Maiden Rock, Wisconsin; and Wexford, Michigan and at our resin coating facilities in Cutler, Missouri; Guion, Arkansas; and Roff, Oklahoma. Additionally, we reduced production capacity and total production at certain of our Northern White sand plants. This has allowed us to lower fixed plant costs and consolidate volumes into lower cost operations. In addition, the Company recorded a $1.4 billion impairment to its Northern White and Seiling asset groups at the end of 2019.

From the beginning of 2020 through mid-March, completions activity began to seasonally increase as budgets were refreshed, but fell dramatically in late March as oil prices fell as a result of the COVID-19 virus and threats of production increases from OPEC+ members.

Our Industrial segment’s products are sold to customers in the glass, construction, ceramics, metals, foundry, coatings, polymers, sports and recreation, filtration and various other industries. The sales in our Industrial segment correlate strongly with overall economic activity levels as reflected in the gross domestic product, unemployment levels, vehicle production and growth in the housing market. In the first quarter of 2020, overall sales within our Industrial segment remained solid with certain sectors (including containerized glass and coatings and polymers) providing above-average growth due to consumer, regulatory and/or manufacturing trends. Over the long term, we expect our Industrial segment to align with rates similar to U.S. gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth.

Our management uses a variety of financial and operational metrics to analyze our performance across our Energy and Industrial segments. We determine our reportable segments based on the primary industries we serve, our management structure and the financial information reviewed by our chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. We evaluate the performance of our segments based on their volumes sold, average selling price, and segment contribution margin

and associated per ton metrics. We evaluate the performance of our business based on company-wide operating cash flows, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), costs incurred that are considered non-operating, and Adjusted EBITDA. Segment contribution margin, EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA are defined in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section below. We view these metrics as important factors in evaluating profitability and review these measurements frequently to analyze trends and make decisions, and believe these metrics provide beneficial information for investors for similar reasons.

Segment gross profit is defined as segment revenue less segment cost of sales, excluding depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses, selling, general, and administrative costs, and corporate costs.

Segment contribution margin, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures used by management and certain external users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance.

Segment contribution margin is a key metric we use to evaluate our operating performance and to determine resource allocation between segments. We define segment contribution margin as segment revenue less segment cost of sales, excluding any depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses, selling, general, and administrative costs, and operating costs of idled facilities and excess railcar capacity. Segment contribution margin per ton is defined as segment contribution margin divided by tons sold. Segment contribution margin is not a measure of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered an alternative or superior to measures derived in accordance with GAAP. Refer to Note 18 for further detail, including a reconciliation of operating loss from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to segment contribution margin.

We define EBITDA as net income before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation, depletion and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before non-cash stock-based compensation and certain other income or expenses, including restructuring and other charges, impairments, and Merger-related expenses. Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, we also include non-cash lease expense of intangible assets in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA as a result of the adoption of ASC 842.

We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful because they allow management to more effectively evaluate our normalized operations from period to period as well as provide an indication of cash flow generation from operations before investing or financing activities. Accordingly, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not take into consideration our financing methods, capital structure or capital expenditure needs. As previously noted, Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain non-operational income and/or costs, the removal of which improves comparability of operating results across reporting periods. However, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered as alternatives to, or more meaningful than, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP as indicators of our operating performance. Certain items excluded from EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are components of EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA.

Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow for management’s discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments and debt service requirements. Adjusted EBITDA contains certain other limitations, including the failure to reflect our cash expenditures, cash requirements for working capital needs and cash costs to replace assets being depreciated and amortized, and excludes certain non-operational charges. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and by using Adjusted EBITDA only as a supplement. Non-GAAP financial information should not be considered in isolation or viewed as a substitute for measures of performance as defined by GAAP.

Although we attempt to determine EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in a manner that is consistent with other companies in our industry, our computation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential inconsistencies in the methods of calculation. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are widely followed measures of operating performance.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Covia	$	(941	)	$	(52,245	)
Interest expense, net		23,583			25,603
Benefit from income taxes		(28,252	)		(4,054	)
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization expense		34,830			58,095
EBITDA		29,220			27,399

Non-cash stock compensation expense⁽¹⁾		1,650			2,767
Restructuring and other charges⁽²⁾		5,499			2,002
Costs and expenses related to the Merger and integration⁽³⁾		-			651
Non-cash charges relating to operating leases⁽⁴⁾		-			2,100
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)	$	36,369		$	34,919
_____________

(1) Represents the non-cash expense for stock-based awards issued to our employees and outside directors. Stock compensation expenses are reported in Selling, general and administrative expenses.
(2) Represents expenses associated with restructuring activities as a result of the Merger and idled facilities, strategic costs, other charges related to executive severance and benefits, as well as restructuring-related SG&A expenses.
(3) Costs and expenses related to the Merger and integration include legal, accounting, financial advisory services, severance, debt extinguishment, integration and other expenses.
(4) Represents the amount of operating lease expense incurred in 2019 related to intangible assets that were reclassified to Operating right-of-use assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as a result of the adoption of ASC 842. The expense, previously recognized as non-cash amortization expense, is now recognized in Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation, depletion, and amortization shown separately) on the Consolidated Statement of Loss.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Operating Data
Energy
Tons sold		3,471		4,432
Revenues	$	152,373	$	236,075
Segment gross profit		14,586		15,064
Segment contribution margin	$	21,538	$	22,019
Industrial
Tons sold		3,316		3,565
Revenues	$	170,287	$	192,171
Segment gross profit		54,200		51,622
Segment contribution margin	$	54,200	$	51,622
Totals
Tons sold		6,787		7,997
Revenues	$	322,660	$	428,246
Segment gross profit		68,786		66,686
Segment contribution margin	$	75,738	$	73,641

Revenues were $322.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $428.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $105.5 million, or 25%. Volumes were 6.8 million tons for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 8.0 million tons for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of 1.2 million tons, or 15%. Our volumes and

revenues decreased as a result of lower volumes, pricing and unfavorable product mix. The first quarter of 2020 was also adversely impacted by effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related business disruption in the United States.

Revenues in the Energy segment were $152.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $236.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $83.7 million, or 35%. The decline in average price realized pricing was primarily due to a more unfavorable product mix in the Energy segment during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of a larger percentage of our total sales consisting of local sand sales and sales at the mine, which carry a lower average selling price than other Energy segment products. Volumes sold into the Energy segment were 3.5 million tons in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 4.4 million tons in the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of 0.9 million tons, or 20%. On a sequential basis, which is a more comparable period for Energy, revenues in the Energy segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $0.4 million compared to $151.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2019. Volumes in the Energy segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased 0.2 million tons, or 5%, compared to 3.3 million tons in the three months ended December 31, 2019.

Revenues in the Industrial segment were $170.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $192.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $21.9 million, or 11%. Volumes sold into the Industrial segment were 3.3 million tons in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 3.6 million tons for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of 0.3 million tons, or 8%. Revenue and volume decreases were primarily attributed to the sale of our Calera, Alabama lime processing facility and Winchester & Western Railroad in the third quarter of 2019 and lower transportation-related revenues for freight charged to customers. These decreases were partially offset by strength in coatings and polymers.

Gross profit was $68.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to gross profit of $66.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $2.1 million, or 3%. The gross profit increase was primarily due to a reduction in operating lease expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Contribution margin was $75.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and further excludes $1.3 million of operating costs of idled facilities and $5.6 million of excess railcar capacity costs. Contribution margin was $73.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and excludes $1.0 million and $6.0 million of operating costs of idled facilities and excess railcar capacity costs, respectively. These excluded costs are entirely attributable to the Energy segment.

Energy segment gross profit was $14.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $0.5 million, or 3%. The Energy segment gross profit decrease was primarily due to lower volumes, downward pricing pressure, reductions in E&P operations and higher railcar maintenance and storage costs. On a sequential basis, Energy segment gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $27.1 million compared to a loss of $12.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2019. This sequential change was primarily driven by a reduction in operating lease expenses of $10.0 million with the remainder attributable to lower production costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Industrial segment gross profit was $54.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $51.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $2.6 million, or 5%. The increase in Industrial segment gross profit was primarily due to reductions in manufacturing costs as a result of cost reduction initiatives as well as improved pricing.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) decreased $8.6 million, or 20%, to $33.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $42.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. SG&A for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included $1.7 million of stock compensation expense compared to $2.8 million of stock compensation expense in the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease is primarily due to headcount rationalization activities and reductions in discretionary spending, such as travel, entertainment and consulting.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) decreased $23.3 million, or 40%, to $34.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $58.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019. Depreciation of property, plant, and equipment and amortization expense decreased in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019 due to a lower

depreciable base of existing property, plant, and equipment. In the fourth quarter of 2019, an impairment charge of approximately $1.4 billion, primarily related to the long-lived assets of our Energy segment, was the driver of the lower depreciation in the current period.

In the three months ended March 31, 2020, we incurred $5.5 million of strategic-related charges, which included consulting expense related to our preparation for our reorganization plan filed under Chapter 11. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded $2.0 million in restructuring charges, primarily related to separation benefits and relocation costs as a result of the Merger and idled facilities.

Other operating income, net decreased $4.6 million to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to income of $6.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease was primarily attributable to the recognition of a forfeited prepayment related to a long-term supply agreement in other operating income in the first quarter of 2019, which did not recur in the first quarter of 2020.

Operating loss from continuing operations decreased approximately $25.8 million to $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to a loss of $28.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The change in operating loss from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to reductions in SG&A and DD&A.

Interest expense decreased $2.0 million to $23.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $25.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to a reduction in the principal on the Term Loan balance in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019 as a result of the voluntary repurchase of approximately $63 million of outstanding debt and normal scheduled amortization payments, as well as the decrease in interest rates in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. The interest rate was 5.9% and 6.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively.

Other non-operating expense, net increased $0.7 million to $2.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $2.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase is primarily due to an increase in settlement accounting charges in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.

The benefit for income taxes increased $24.2 million to $28.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to a benefit of $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Loss before income taxes decreased $27.1 million to $29.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to a loss of $56.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in benefit from income taxes was primarily attributable to a discrete benefit resulting from provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) allowing for increased carryback and utilization of net operating losses (see additional explanation below).

The effective tax rate was 96.7% and 7.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily attributable to a discrete benefit resulting from provisions of the CARES Act allowing for increased carryback and utilization of net operating losses (see additional explanation below). This impact is the majority of the income tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of 2020. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to depletion, the impact of foreign taxes, tax provisions requiring U.S. income inclusion of foreign income, and changes to a valuation allowance set up on deferred taxes.

2021 to be carried back to each of the five tax years preceding the tax year of such loss. In addition, the CARES Act removed the limitation that net operating losses generated after 2017 could only offset 80% of taxable income. For the quarter ending March 31, 2020, we recorded a discrete benefit of $29.3 million resulting from this change because these losses now eligible for utilization were estimated as not realizable prior to the CARES Act.

The provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate. If our estimated effective tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment.

Net loss attributable to Covia decreased $51.3 million to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to a loss of $52.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to the increase in benefit from income taxes, as well as reductions in SG&A and DD&A, partially offset by lower profitability in the Energy segment in the three months ended March 31, 2020 discussed above.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.5 million to $36.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $34.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2020 excludes the impact of $1.7 million of non-cash stock compensation expense and $5.5 million in restructuring and other charges. The change in Adjusted EBITDA is largely due to the profitability, SG&A and other factors discussed above.

Our liquidity is principally used to service our debt, meet our working capital needs, and invest in both maintenance and growth capital expenditures. Due to impacts of the macroenvironment, industry, and other company-specific factors, we have taken significant actions to reduce our working capital requirements, our overhead costs, monetizing certain non-core assets within our portfolio and other actions to maintain adequate liquidity and reduce capital requirements. Historically, we have met our liquidity and capital investment needs with funds generated from operations and the issuance of debt, if necessary.

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on-hand and cash flow from operations, both now and in the near future. Our operations are capital intensive and short-term capital expenditures related to certain strategic projects can be substantial.

On June 29, 2020, we commenced voluntary cases under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, which raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. The commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases accelerated substantially all of our outstanding debt. Any efforts to enforce payment obligations related to the acceleration of our debt have been automatically stayed as a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, and the creditors’ rights of enforcement are subject to the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. Further, on June 29, 2020, we entered into the Restructuring Support Agreement with the Consenting Stakeholders. The Restructuring Support Agreement contemplates that the restructuring and recapitalization of the Company Parties will occur through a prearranged plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 Cases.

The Term Loan provides us flexibility to raise additional debt, including at least $75 million secured by accounts receivable and an incremental $275 million of financing at non-guarantor subsidiaries.

Interest on the Term Loan accrues at a per annum rate of either (at our option) (a) LIBOR plus a spread or (b) the alternate base rate plus a spread. The spread will vary depending on our total net leverage ratio, defined as the ratio of debt (less up to $150 million of cash) to EBITDA for the most recent four fiscal quarter period, as follows:

The table below provides certain financial metrics for guarantor subsidiaries and non-guarantor subsidiaries:

The Term Loan contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants, negative covenants and events of default. Negative covenants include, among others, limitations on debt, liens, asset sales, mergers, consolidations and fundamental changes, dividends and repurchases of equity securities, repayments or redemptions of subordinated debt, investments, transactions with affiliates, restrictions on granting liens to secure obligations, restrictions on subsidiary distributions, changes in the conduct of the business, amendments and waivers in organizational documents and junior debt instruments and changes in the fiscal year. The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under the Term Loan.

See Note 4 in the consolidated financial statements included in this Report for further detail regarding the Term Loan.

As of March 31, 2020, we had outstanding Term Loan borrowings of $1.56 billion and cash on-hand of $298.2 million.

an obligation of Covia Financing and not the Sub-Originators or Covia. None of the Sub-Originators nor Covia guarantee the collectability of the trade receivables or the creditworthiness of the obligors of the receivables.

Amounts outstanding under the Receivables Facility accrue interest based on LIBOR Market Index Rate, provided that Covia Financing may select adjusted LIBOR for a tranche period. The Receivables Facility terminates on March 31, 2023, unless terminated earlier pursuant to the terms of the Agreements. The Agreements include customary fees, conditions, representations and warranties, indemnification provisions, covenants and events of default. The amount available with respect to the receivables are subject to customary limits and reserves, including limits and reserves based on customer concentrations and prior past due balances. Subject in some cases to cure periods, amounts outstanding under the Receivables Facility may be accelerated for typical defaults including, but not limited to, the failure to make when due payments or deposits, borrowing base deficiencies, failure to observe or perform any covenant, failure to pay a material judgment, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, certain bankruptcy or ERISA events, a change of control, the occurrence of a termination event if certain limits are exceeded for a specified period, for certain defaults or acceleration under material debt, or invalidity of security interests or unenforceable transaction documents.

The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under the Receivables Facility.

Working capital is the amount by which current assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents and assets held for sale) exceed current liabilities (excluding current portion of long-term debt) and represents a measure of liquidity. Covia’s working capital was $82.3 million at March 31, 2020 and $61.7 million at December 31, 2019. The increase in working capital is primarily due to an increase in income tax receivable of approximately $30 million based on the carryback allowable under the CARES Act discussed above. During the period, various working capital metrics improved, particularly cash collections and days sales outstanding ratios of our accounts receivable portfolio.

Operating activities consist primarily of net income adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation, depletion, and amortization, the gain on the sale of subsidiaries, impairment charges, and the effect of changes in working capital.

Net cash used in operating activities was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared with $55.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019. This $54.4 million variance was primarily due to a lower net loss and the improvements in cash collections. In the first quarter of 2019, system implementation issues resulted in a much longer average collection period on the Company’s trade receivables.

Investing activities in the current period consist primarily of capital expenditures for maintenance; however, the Company typically utilizes cash for both growth and maintenance projects. Capital expenditures generally consist of expansions of production or terminal facilities, land and reserve acquisition or maintenance related expenditures for asset replacement and health, safety, and quality improvements.

Net cash used in investing activities was $8.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $36.2 million used for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The $28.2 million variance was primarily related to a decrease in capital expenditures, as the Company has focused on maintenance capital projects in the current period compared to growth and maintenance capital projects in the prior period. This change was driven by production capacity in the proppant market increasing as demand declined within our Energy segment. Subject to our continuing evaluation of market conditions, we anticipate that our capital expenditures in 2020 will be approximately $45 million, which is primarily associated with maintenance and cost improvement capital projects, and near-term payback growth projects. We expect to fund our capital expenditures through cash on our balance sheet and cash generated from our operations.

Capital expenditures were $8.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and were primarily focused on maintenance expenditures at various facilities. Capital expenditures were $32.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and were

primarily focused on completing our West Texas and Seiling facilities, completion of expansion projects at our Illinois and Oregon facilities, and expanding capacity at our Canoitas, Mexico facility.

Net cash used in financing activities was $9.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $5.7 million used in the months ended March 31, 2019. The $3.6 million increase is primarily due to increased principal repayments of our Term Loan in the first quarter of 2020 versus the first quarter of 2019.

Our business is affected by seasonal fluctuations in weather that impact our production levels and our customers’ business needs. For example, our Energy segment sales levels are lower in the first and fourth quarters due to lower market demand as adverse weather tends to slow oil and gas operations to varying degrees depending on the severity of the weather. In addition, our inability to mine and process sand year-round at certain of our surface mines results in a seasonal build-up of inventory as we mine sand to build a stockpile that will feed our drying facilities during the winter months. Additionally, in the second and third quarters, we sell higher volumes to our customers in our Industrial segment’s end markets due to the seasonal rise in demand driven by more favorable weather conditions.

We have no undisclosed off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are likely to have a current or future material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this report with respect to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases and the acceleration of substantially all of our debt as a result, there have been no material changes outside of the ordinary course of our business to the contractual arrangements disclosed in our “Contractual Obligations” table in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Form 10-K.

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing, among other things, hazardous materials, air and water emissions, environmental contamination and reclamation and the protection of the environment and natural resources. We have made, and expect to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but cannot predict the full amount of such future expenditures. We may also incur fines and penalties from time to time associated with noncompliance with such laws and regulations.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $53.5 million and $46.5 million, respectively, accrued for Asset Retirement Obligations, which include future reclamation costs. There were no significant changes with respect to environmental liabilities or future reclamation costs, however, the timing of the settlement estimate has been revised based on decisions made to idle certain production facilities. This has resulted in an increase to the asset retirement obligation recognized in the financial statements as it is computed on a discounted cash flow model.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. While we do not believe that the reported amounts would be materially different, application of these policies involves the exercise of judgment and the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on experience and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. All of our significant accounting policies, including certain critical accounting policies and estimates, are disclosed in our Form 10-K.

Refer to Note 1 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

Due to our variable-rate indebtedness, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. We use fixed interest rate swaps to manage this exposure. These derivative instruments are reported at fair value in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in other comprehensive income. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current earnings. No components of our hedging instruments were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional value. The gain or loss on the interest rate swap is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. By their nature, all such instruments involve risk, including the possibility that a loss may occur from the failure of another party to perform according to the terms of a contract (credit risk) or the possibility that future changes in market price may make a financial instrument less valuable or more onerous (market risk). As is customary for these types of instruments, we do not require collateral or other security from other parties to these instruments. We believe that there is no significant risk of loss in the event of nonperformance of the counterparties to these financial instruments.

We formally designate and document instruments at inception that qualify for hedge accounting of underlying exposures in accordance with GAAP. We assess, both at inception and for each reporting period, whether the financial instruments used in hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the related underlying exposure.

As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the interest rate swaps was a liability of $34.6 million.

A hypothetical increase or decrease in interest rates by 1.0% on variable rate debt would have had an approximate $3.9 million impact on our interest expense in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

We are subject to risks of loss resulting from nonpayment or nonperformance by our customers. In the three months ended March 31, 2020 we did not have any customers that exceeded 10% of revenues. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, one customer in our Energy segment exceeded 10% of revenues and accounted for 11% of revenues in such period. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had no customers whose accounts receivable balance exceeded 10% of total receivables. We examine the creditworthiness of third-party customers to whom we extend credit and manage our exposure to credit risk through credit analysis, credit approval, credit limits and monitoring procedures, and for certain transactions, we may request letters of credit, prepayments or guarantees, although collateral is generally not required.

We are subject to market risk related to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Revenues from international operations represented 13% and 12% of our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. A portion of our business is transacted in currencies other than the functional currency, including the Canadian dollar and Mexican peso. Our foreign currency exchange risk is somewhat mitigated by our ability to offset a portion of these non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenues with operating expenses that are paid in the same currencies. To date, foreign currency fluctuations have not had a material impact on results from operations.

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives of such controls and procedures. Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) (our principal financial officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have each concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

We and/or our predecessors have been named as a defendant, usually among many defendants, in numerous product liability lawsuits brought by or on behalf of current or former employees of our customers alleging damages caused by silica exposure. As of March 31, 2020, we were subject to approximately 40 active silica exposure cases. Many of the claims pending against us arise out of the alleged use of our silica products in foundries or as an abrasive blast media and have been filed in various jurisdictions over the years. In accordance with the terms of our insurance coverage, these claims are being defended by our subsidiaries’ insurance carriers, subject to our payment of a percentage of the defense costs. Based on information currently available, management cannot reasonably estimate a loss at this time. Although the outcomes of these lawsuits cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the pending lawsuits, individually or in the aggregate, are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We are involved in other legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We currently believe that each such action and claim will be resolved without a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. However, litigation involves an element of uncertainty. Future developments could cause these actions or claims to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

In addition to other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in the Form 10-K. Other than those noted above and the risk factor set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Form 10-K.

An epidemic, pandemic or public health crisis could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of a widespread health epidemic or pandemic, such as coronavirus, avian flu or African swine flu. Outbreaks of contagious illness occur from time to time around the world. The occurrence of such an outbreak or other adverse public health developments could materially disrupt our business and operations, including if government authorities impose mandatory closures, seek voluntary closures or impose restrictions on operations. Furthermore, the risk of contracting viruses or other illnesses that may be transmitted through human contact could cause employees to avoid interacting with other people, which could materially and adversely affect the ability to adequately staff our operations. An outbreak could also cause disruption in our supply chain and adversely impact our ability to ensure supplies to our

facilities and to provide safety measures to protect our employees, which could materially and adversely affect our continuous operations. If an outbreak reaches pandemic levels, there may also be long-term effects on the economies of effected countries. Any of the foregoing within the countries in which we or our customers and suppliers operate or are dependent on supplies or revenues would severely disrupt our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Beginning in March 2020, our operations were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts to our business have included reduced activity and, in some cases, idling of customer facilities which have impacted our sales volumes and revenues. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic (along with disruptions in the global oil and gas markets) has impacted global oil demand resulting in a significant decline in oil prices. The impact of the lower oil prices resulted in lower drilling and completion activity for our Energy customers which will negatively impact proppant sales. Finally, stay-at-home orders by governments where we operate have forced our employees, and the employees of some of our customers, to work from home which has negatively impacted our business and delayed the filing of this Report.

The extent to which our operations will be impacted by the outbreak will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and the actions by the government authorities to contain the outbreak or treat its impact, among other things. Insurance may be unavailable to cover any losses we incur as a result of the outbreak.

Even if a virus or other illness does not spread significantly, the perceived risk of infection or health risk may affect our business. Our operations could also be disrupted if any of our employees or employees of our customers and suppliers were suspected of having a contagious illness or susceptible to becoming infected with a contagious illness, since this could require us or our customers and suppliers to screen and/or quarantine some or all of such employees.

We are subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with Chapter 11 proceedings.

On June 29, 2020, the Company and certain of its direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries commenced the Chapter 11 Cases and, on June 29, 2020, entered into the Restructuring Support Agreement with certain of the Company’s creditors under the Term Loan. For the duration of our Chapter 11 Cases, our operations and our ability to develop and execute the business plan, as well as our continuation as a going concern, are subject to risks and uncertainties associated with bankruptcy. These risks include the following:

Delays in our Chapter 11 Cases increase the risks of us being unable to reorganize our business and emerge from bankruptcy and increase our costs associated with the bankruptcy process.

These risks and uncertainties could affect our business and operations in various ways. For example, negative events associated with our Chapter 11 proceedings could adversely affect our relationships with our suppliers, service providers, customers, employees, and other third parties, which in turn could adversely affect our operations and financial condition. Also, we need the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court for transactions outside the ordinary course of business, which may limit our ability to respond timely to certain events or take advantage of certain opportunities. Because of the risks and uncertainties associated with our Chapter 11 proceedings, we cannot accurately predict or quantify the ultimate impact of events that will occur during our Chapter 11 proceedings that may be inconsistent with our plans.

Operating under Bankruptcy Court protection for a long period of time may harm our business.

Our future results are dependent upon the successful confirmation and implementation of a plan of reorganization. A long period of operations under Bankruptcy Court protection could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. So long as the Chapter 11 proceedings continue, our senior management will be required to spend a significant amount of time and effort dealing with the reorganization instead of focusing exclusively on our business operations. A prolonged period of operating under Bankruptcy Court protection also may make it more difficult to retain management and other key personnel necessary to the success and growth of our business.

Additionally, so long as the Chapter 11 proceedings continue, we will be required to incur significant costs for professional fees and other expenses associated with the administration of the Chapter 11 proceedings. If we are unable to obtain such court approval, or alternative financing on favorable terms or at all, our chances of successfully reorganizing our business may be seriously jeopardized, and, as a result, any securities in us could become further devalued or become worthless.

Furthermore, we cannot predict the ultimate amount of all settlement terms for the liabilities that will be subject to a plan of reorganization. Even once a plan of reorganization is approved and implemented, our operating results may be adversely affected by the possible reluctance of prospective lenders and other counterparties to do business with a company that recently emerged from Chapter 11 proceedings.

The Chapter 11 Cases limit the flexibility of our management team in running our business.

While we operate our businesses as debtor-in-possession under supervision by the Bankruptcy Court, we are required to obtain the approval of the Bankruptcy Court and, in some cases, certain lenders prior to engaging in activities or transactions outside the ordinary course of business. Bankruptcy Court approval of non-ordinary course activities entails preparation and filing of appropriate motions with the Bankruptcy Court, negotiation with the creditors’ committee and other parties-in-interest and one or more hearings. The creditors’ committees and other parties-in interest may be heard at any Bankruptcy Court hearing and may raise objections with respect to these motions. This process may delay major transactions and limit our ability to respond quickly to opportunities and events in the marketplace. Furthermore, in the event the Bankruptcy Court does not approve a proposed activity or transaction, we would be prevented from engaging in activities and transactions that we believe are beneficial to us.

We may not be able to obtain confirmation of a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization.

To emerge successfully from Bankruptcy Court protection as a viable entity, we must meet certain statutory requirements with respect to adequacy of disclosure with respect to the plan of reorganization, solicit and obtain the requisite acceptances of such a plan and fulfill other statutory conditions for confirmation of such a plan, which have not occurred to date. The confirmation process is subject to numerous, unanticipated potential delays, including a delay in the Bankruptcy Court’s commencement of the confirmation hearing regarding our plan of reorganization.

We may not receive the requisite acceptances of constituencies in the Chapter 11 proceedings to confirm our plan. Even if the requisite acceptances of our plan are received, the Bankruptcy Court may not confirm such a plan. The precise requirements and evidentiary showing for confirming a plan, notwithstanding its rejection by one or more impaired classes of claims or equity interests, depends upon a number of factors including, without limitation, the status and seniority of the claims or equity interests in the rejecting class (i.e., secured claims or unsecured claims or subordinated or senior claims). If a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization is not confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court, it is unclear whether we would be able to reorganize our business and what, if anything, holders of claims against us would ultimately receive with respect to their claims.

There can be no assurance as to whether we will successfully reorganize and emerge from the Chapter 11 proceedings or, if we do successfully reorganize, as to when we would emerge from the Chapter 11 proceedings. If we are unable to successfully reorganize, we may not be able to continue our operations.

The Restructuring Support Agreement is subject to significant conditions and milestones that may be beyond our control and may be difficult for us to satisfy. If the Restructuring Support Agreement is terminated, our ability to confirm and consummate a plan of reorganization could be materially and adversely affected.

The Restructuring Support Agreement sets forth certain conditions we must satisfy, including the timely satisfaction of milestones in the Chapter 11 proceedings, such as confirmation of the plan of reorganization (the “Plan”) and effectiveness of the Plan, and obtaining a new or amended exit revolving credit facility, the form and substance of which is reasonably satisfactory to the Consenting Stakeholders (as defined therein). Our ability to timely complete such milestones is subject to risks and uncertainties that may be beyond our control. The Restructuring Support Agreement gives the Consenting Stakeholders the ability to terminate the Restructuring Support Agreement under certain circumstances, including the failure of certain conditions to be satisfied. Should a termination event occur, all obligations of the parties to the Restructuring Support Agreement will terminate. A termination of the Restructuring Support Agreement may result in the loss of support for the Plan, which could adversely affect our ability to confirm and consummate the Plan. If the Plan is not consummated, there can be no assurance that any new Plan would be as favorable to holders of claims as the current Plan and our Chapter 11 proceedings could become protracted, which could significantly and detrimentally impact our relationships with vendors, suppliers, employees, and customers.

Our long-term liquidity requirements and the adequacy of our capital resources are difficult to predict at this time.

We face uncertainty regarding the adequacy of our liquidity and capital resources. In addition to the cash requirements necessary to fund ongoing operations, we have incurred significant professional fees and other costs in connection with preparation for the Chapter 11 proceedings and expect that we will continue to incur significant professional fees and costs throughout our Chapter 11 proceedings. We cannot assure you that cash on hand, cash flow from operations will be sufficient to continue to fund our operations and allow us to satisfy our obligations related to the Chapter 11 proceedings until we are able to emerge from the Chapter 11 proceedings.

Our liquidity, including our ability to meet our ongoing operational obligations, is dependent upon, among other things: (i) our ability to comply with the terms and conditions of any cash collateral order that may be entered by the Bankruptcy Court in connection with the Chapter 11 proceedings, (ii) our ability to maintain adequate cash on hand, (iii) our ability to generate cash flow from operations, (iv) our ability to develop, confirm and consummate a Chapter 11 plan or other alternative restructuring transaction, and (v) the cost, duration and outcome of the Chapter 11 proceedings.

As a result of the Chapter 11 proceedings, our financial results may be volatile and may not reflect historical trends.

During the Chapter 11 proceedings, we expect our financial results to continue to be volatile as restructuring activities and expenses, contract terminations and rejections, and claims assessments significantly impact our condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result, our historical financial performance is likely not indicative of our financial performance after the date of the bankruptcy filing. In addition, if we emerge from Chapter 11, the amounts reported in subsequent condensed consolidated financial statements may materially change relative to historical consolidated financial statements, including as a result of revisions to our operating plans pursuant to a plan of reorganization. We also may be required to adopt fresh start accounting, in which case our assets and liabilities will be recorded at fair value as of the fresh start reporting date, which may differ materially from the recorded values of assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Our financial results after the application of fresh start accounting also may be different from historical trends.

We may be subject to claims that will not be discharged in the Chapter 11 proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The Bankruptcy Code provides that the confirmation of a plan of reorganization discharges a debtor from substantially all debts arising prior to confirmation. With few exceptions, all claims that arose prior to June 29, 2020, or before confirmation of the plan of reorganization (i) would be subject to compromise and/or treatment under the plan of reorganization and/or (ii) would be discharged in accordance with the terms of the plan of reorganization. Any claims not ultimately discharged through the plan of reorganization could

be asserted against the reorganized entities and may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations on a post-reorganization basis.

We may experience increased levels of employee attrition as a result of the Chapter 11 proceedings.

As a result of the Chapter 11 proceedings, we may experience increased levels of employee attrition, and our employees likely will face considerable distraction and uncertainty. A loss of key personnel or material erosion of employee morale could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Our ability to engage, motivate and retain key employees or take other measures intended to motivate and incent key employees to remain with us through the pendency of the Chapter 11 proceedings may be limited by restrictions on implementation of incentive programs under the Bankruptcy Code. The loss of services of members of our senior management team could impair our ability to execute our strategy and implement operational initiatives, which would be likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Trading in our common stock during the pendency of the Chapter 11 proceedings is highly speculative and poses substantial risks.

All of our indebtedness is senior to the Company’s existing common stock in our capital structure. As we have a substantial amount of indebtedness, any trading in our common stock during the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases is highly speculative and poses substantial risks to purchasers of our common stock.

Our safety program establishes a system for promoting a safety culture that encourages incident prevention and continually strives to improve our safety and health performance. Our safety program includes as its domain all established safety and health specific programs and initiatives for our material compliance with all local, state and federal legislation, standards, and regulations as they apply to a safe and healthy employee, stakeholder, and work environment.

Our safety program has the ultimate goal of the identification, elimination or control of all risks to personnel, stakeholders, and facilities, that can be controlled and directly managed, and those it does not control or directly manage, but can expect to have an influence upon.

The operation of our U.S. based mines is subject to regulation by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (“MSHA”) under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the “Mine Act”). MSHA inspects our mines on a regular basis and issues various citations and orders when it believes a violation has occurred under the Mine Act. Following passage of The Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006, MSHA significantly increased the numbers of citations and orders charged against mining operations. The dollar penalties assessed for citations issued have also increased in recent years.

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95.1 to this Report and is incorporated by reference.

The following documents are filed or furnished as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. For convenient reference, each exhibit is listed in the following Exhibit Index according to the number assigned to it in the Exhibit Table of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Delaware		13-2656671
(State or Other Jurisdiction		(I.R.S. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization)		Identification No.)

	Page
Part I – Financial Information	34

Item 1 – Financial Statements (Unaudited)	34

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss	34

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	45

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	56

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	67

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	78

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	89

Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3031

Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	4243

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	4344

Part II – Other Information	4344

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	4344

Item 1A – Risk Factors	4344

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4748

Item 3 – Defaults upon Senior Securities	4748

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	4748

Item 5 – Other Information	4849

Item 6 – Exhibits	4849

Exhibit Index	4849

Signatures	5051

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Net loss	$	(965	)	$	(52,248	)
Other comprehensive loss, before tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(27,077	)		2,301
Employee benefit obligations		1,854			4,902
Amortization and change in fair value of derivative instruments		(13,320	)		(7,841	)
Total other comprehensive loss, before tax		(38,543	)		(638	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes related to items of other comprehensive loss		176			(521	)
Comprehensive loss, net of tax		(39,684	)		(52,365	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to the non-controlling interest		(24	)		(3	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Covia Holdings Corporation	$	(39,660	)	$	(52,362	)

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Raw materials	$	42,045	$	44,218
Work-in-process		2,193		2,809
Finished goods		39,715		42,766
Spare parts		32,330		31,997
Inventories, net	$	116,283	$	121,790

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Land and improvements	$	225,107		$	230,300
Mineral rights properties		664,437			677,238
Machinery and equipment		1,315,919			1,338,411
Buildings and improvements		322,468			327,314
Railroad equipment		59,917			59,761
Furniture, fixtures, and other		5,148			5,382
Assets under construction		102,079			103,715
		2,695,075			2,742,121
Accumulated depletion and depreciation		(1,312,827	)		(1,322,139	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	1,382,248		$	1,419,982


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	CVIA	New York Stock Exchange

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

Interest Rate Swap Agreements	Maturity Date	Rate	Notional Value (in thousands)		Debt Instrument Hedged	Percentage of Term Loan Outstanding
Designated as cash flow hedge	June 1, 2023	2.81%	$	100,000	Term Loan	6%
Designated as cash flow hedge	June 1, 2025	2.87%		200,000	Term Loan	13%
Designated as cash flow hedge	June 1, 2024	2.81%		50,000	Term Loan	3%
Designated as cash flow hedge	June 1, 2025	2.85%		50,000	Term Loan	3%
Designated as cash flow hedge	June 1, 2025	2.87%		50,000	Term Loan	3%
			$	450,000		28%

		Liabilities
		March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Interest Rate Swap Agreements	Balance Sheet Classification	(in thousands)
Designated as cash flow hedges	Other non-current liabilities	$	(24,159	)	$	(13,420	)
Designated as cash flow hedges	Accrued expenses		(10,477	)		(7,827	)
		$	(34,636	)	$	(21,247	)

	Amount of Loss Recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Derivatives in Hedging Relationships	(in thousands)
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate swap agreements	$	14,583	$	8,031

		Amount of Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	Location of Loss	Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives in	Recognized on	2020		2019
Hedging Relationships	Derivative	(in thousands)
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate swap agreements	Interest expense, net	$	1,263	$	190

	Location of Loss on Derivative
	Interest expense, net
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Total Interest Expense presented in the Statements of Loss
in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	23,583	$	25,603
Effects of cash flow hedging:
Loss on Hedging Relationships
Interest rate swap agreements
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	$	1,263	$	190


Level 1	Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2	Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data

	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options		RSUs			Weighted Average Price at RSU Issue Date		PSUs			Weighted Average Price at PSU Issue Date
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		1,704		$	36.01		2,069		$	6.10		1,051		$	4.74
Exercised or distributed		-			-		(401	)		8.79		-			-
Forfeited		(3	)		43.12		(35	)		5.86		(23	)		4.74
Expired		(236	)		36.08		-			-		-			-
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		1,465		$	35.98		1,633		$	5.44		1,028		$	4.74

	Covia Pension Plan
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	126		$	551
Interest cost		971			2,084
Expected return on plan assets		(1,263	)		(2,308	)
Amortization of prior service cost		27			82
Amortization of net actuarial loss		476			522
Settlement loss		2,011			1,679
Net periodic benefit cost	$	2,348		$	2,610

	Postretirement Medical Plans
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	79	$	73
Interest cost		35		120
Amortization of net actuarial loss		15		40
Net periodic benefit cost	$	129	$	233

	March 31, 2020
	Gross			Tax Effect		Net Amount
	(in thousands)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	(74,661	)	$	-	$	(74,661	)
Amounts related to employee benefit obligations		(52,796	)		14,706		(38,090	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate hedges		(35,820	)		4,766		(31,054	)
	$	(163,277	)	$	19,472	$	(143,805	)

		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	Classification	(in thousands)
Lease assets
Operating right-of-use assets, net	Assets	$	152,633	$	158,489
Finance right-of-use assets, net	Property, plant, and equipment, net		7,725		11,083
Total lease assets		$	160,358	$	169,572
Lease liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current	Current liabilities	$	62,438	$	63,773
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	Liabilities		257,448		272,378
Finance lease liabilities, current	Current portion of long-term debt		2,777		3,496
Finance lease liabilities, non-current	Long-term debt		2,825		3,379
Total lease liabilities		$	325,488	$	343,026

	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	46,510	$	31,199
Accretion		517		517
Additions and revisions of prior estimates		6,474		-
Ending balance	$	53,501	$	31,716

	Merger-related		Idled facilities		Total
	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Severance and relocation costs	$	1,921	$	-	$	1,921
Contract termination costs		-		81		81
Total restructuring charges	$	1,921	$	81	$	2,002

	Term Loan
Leverage Ratio	Applicable Margin for Eurodollar Loans	Applicable Margin for ABR Loans
Greater than or equal to 2.50x	4.00%	3.00%
Greater than or equal to 2.0x and less than 2.50x	3.75%	2.75%
Greater than or equal to 1.50x and less than 2.0x	3.50%	2.50%
Less than 1.50x	3.25%	2.25%

	Guarantor			Non-Guarantor		Total		Guarantor		Non-Guarantor		Total
Revenues	$	79,418		$	243,242	$	322,660	$	256,560	$	66,100	$	322,660
Gross profit		(21,701	)		90,487		68,786		44,031		24,755		68,786
EBITDA		(35,379	)		64,599		29,220		15,316		13,904		29,220
Adjustments		7,149			-		7,149		7,149		-		7,149
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(28,230	)	$	64,599	$	36,369	$	22,465	$	13,904	$	36,369

Exhibit No.		Description


3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Covia Holdings Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company, filed with the SEC on June 6, 2018) (File No. 001-38510).

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Covia Holdings Corporation incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company, filed with the SEC on June 6, 2018) (File No. 001-38510).

4.1		Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2019, by and among Covia Holdings Corporation, SCR-Sibelco NV and the other parties named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company, filed with the SEC on August 22, 2019) (File No. 001-38510).

10.1		Receivables Financing Agreement, dated March 31, 2020, among Covia Financing LLC, as borrower, Covia, as initial servicer, the lenders, the persons from time to time party thereto, as lenders, PNC Bank National Association, as Administrative Agent and LC Bank and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as Structuring Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2020) (File No. 001-38510).
10.2		Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated March 31, 2020, between Covia, as originator and servicer, and Covia Financing LLC, as buyer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2020) (File No. 001-38510).
10.3		Sub-Originator Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated March 31, 2020, between various subsidiaries of Covia, as sub-originators, and Covia, as buyer and servicer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2020) (File No. 001-38510).
31.1(x)		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2(x)		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1(x)		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2(x)		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

95.1(x)		Mine Safety Disclosure Exhibit

Exhibit No.		Description

101.INS(x)		Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH(x)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL(x)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF(x)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB(x)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE(x)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).


By:	/s/ Andrew D. Eich
	Andrew D. Eich
	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

Date:	~~June 30,~~July 1, 2020