Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~October~~April 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the registrant had ~~93,339,242~~93,512,700 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

	September 30,			December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019			2021			2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	143,559		$	127,674		$	47,980		$	69,587
Restricted cash		13,750			—			16,500			16,500
Short-term investments		84,751			33,139			123,186			138,636
Accounts receivable, net of chargebacks and other deductions of $13,500 and $14,394, respectively, and provision for credit losses of $959 and $124, respectively		42,993			16,689
Accounts receivable, net of chargebacks and other deductions of $17,264 and $12,552, respectively, and provision for credit losses of $9,482 and $9,637, respectively								20,189			23,603
Inventories		29,605			32,630			26,324			28,846
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		9,547			20,794			16,968			14,789
Total current assets		324,205			230,926			251,147			291,961
Property and equipment, net		28,867			23,153			41,778			34,388
Goodwill		38,692			38,513			38,840			38,891
Intangible assets, net		9,556			8,522			9,482			10,218
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		7,443			8,818			7,462			7,921
Other assets		877			—			947			950
Total assets	$	409,640		$	309,932		$	349,656		$	384,329
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	14,869		$	23,331		$	15,858		$	18,673
Accrued expenses		47,106			44,307			28,714			38,273
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		2,703			3,010			3,161			3,185
Current portion of long-term debt		1,874			880
Current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations								1,970			2,010
Total current liabilities		66,552			71,528			49,703			62,141
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term operating lease liabilities		6,431			7,620			5,832			6,355
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations		121,740			52,366			147,265			146,577
Deferred tax liabilities		53			—			58			56
Other long-term liabilities		2,629			2,563			3,674			3,852
Total liabilities		197,405			134,077			206,532			218,981
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 16)
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 15)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 250,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 94,959,662 and 83,231,063 shares issued at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 93,286,742 and 81,558,143 shares outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		95			83
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 250,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 95,185,620 and 95,066,195 shares issued at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; 93,512,700 and 93,393,275 shares outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively								95			95
Additional paid-in capital		898,250			763,648			904,950			901,864
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,030	)		(635	)		(841	)		(1,134	)
Accumulated deficit		(664,151	)		(567,465	)		(738,694	)		(713,644	)
Less: treasury stock, at cost; 1,672,920 shares at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019		(7,406	)		(7,406	)
Less: treasury stock, at cost; 1,672,920 shares at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020								(7,406	)		(7,406	)
Total Athenex, Inc. stockholders' equity		225,758			188,225			158,104			179,775
Non-controlling interests		(13,523	)		(12,370	)		(14,980	)		(14,427	)
Total stockholders' equity		212,235			175,855			143,124			165,348
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	409,640		$	309,932		$	349,656		$	384,329

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2021			2020
Revenue:
Product sales, net	$	24,780		$	19,237		$	83,494		$	66,433		$	20,360		$	18,547
License and other revenue		10,696			127			39,089			435			20,665			28,388
Total revenue		35,476			19,364			122,583			66,868			41,025			46,935
Cost of sales		24,510			17,071			77,088			53,915			16,405			19,572
Gross Profit		10,966			2,293			45,495			12,953			24,620			27,363
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses		18,390			19,588			57,597			62,570			23,070			17,192
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		22,220			16,283			65,454			48,640			22,120			25,748
Total operating expenses		40,610			35,871			123,051			111,210			45,190			42,940
Operating loss		(29,644	)		(33,578	)		(77,556	)		(98,257	)		(20,570	)		(15,577	)
Interest income		112			650			710			1,408			29			413
Interest expense		3,595			1,745			6,833			5,254			4,908			1,673
Loss on extinguishment of debt		3,048			—			10,278			—
Loss before income tax expense		(36,175	)		(34,673	)		(93,957	)		(102,103	)		(25,449	)		(16,837	)
Income tax expense		1,093			114			4,080			1,019			154			2,881
Net loss		(37,268	)		(34,787	)		(98,037	)		(103,122	)		(25,603	)		(19,718	)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(462	)		(29	)		(1,351	)		(1,100	)		(553	)		(289	)
Net loss attributable to Athenex, Inc.	$	(36,806	)	$	(34,758	)	$	(96,686	)	$	(102,022	)	$	(25,050	)	$	(19,429	)
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment, net of income taxes		(48	)		1			1			(79	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment, net of income taxes														16			(68	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes		85			(310	)		(396	)		312			277			(438	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(36,769	)	$	(35,067	)	$	(97,081	)	$	(101,789	)	$	(24,757	)	$	(19,935	)
Net loss per share attributable to Athenex, Inc. common stockholders, basic and diluted (See Note 13)	$	(0.44	)	$	(0.45	)	$	(1.17	)	$	(1.41	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Athenex, Inc. common stockholders, basic and diluted (See Note 13)		83,712,060			77,297,555			82,314,802			72,552,248
Net loss per share attributable to Athenex, Inc. common stockholders, basic and diluted (See Note 12)													$	(0.27	)	$	(0.24	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Athenex, Inc. common stockholders, basic and diluted (See Note 12)														93,429,935			81,539,548

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Common Stock				Additional					Accumulated other			Treasury Stock						Total Athenex, Inc.			Non-			Total			Common Stock					Additional					Accumulated other			Treasury Stock						Total Athenex, Inc.			Non-			Total
	Shares		Amount		paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit			comprehensive income (loss)			Shares			Amount			stockholders' equity			controlling interests			stockholders' equity			Shares			Amount		paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit			comprehensive loss			Shares			Amount			stockholders' equity			controlling interests			stockholders' equity
Balance at January 1, 2019		68,668,986	$	69	$	591,064	$	(443,716	)	$	(656	)		(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	139,355		$	(10,586	)	$	128,769
Balance at January 1, 2020																													83,231,063		$	83	$	763,648	$	(567,465	)	$	(635	)		(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	188,225		$	(12,370	)	$	175,855
Stock-based compensation cost		—		—		1,693		—			—			—			—			1,693			—			1,693			—			—		1,864		—			—			—			—			1,864			—			1,864
Stock options and warrants exercised		49,632		—		278		—			—			—			—			278			—			278
Restricted stock expense																													(3,000	)		—		397		—			—			—			—			397			—			397
Stock options exercised																													70,200			—		344		—			—			—			—			344			—			344
Net loss		—		—		—		(35,233	)		—			—			—			(35,233	)		(997	)		(36,230	)		—			—		—		(19,429	)		—			—			—			(19,429	)		(289	)		(19,718	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		—			1,071			—			—			1,071			—			1,071			—			—		—		—			(506	)		—			—			(506	)		—			(506	)
Balance at March 31, 2019 (unaudited)		68,718,618		69		593,035		(478,949	)		415			(1,672,920	)		(7,406	)		107,164			(11,583	)		95,581
Sale of common stock, net of costs of $54		10,033,362		10		100,309		—			—			—			—			100,319			—			100,319
Stock-based compensation cost		92,723		—		3,382		—			—			—			—			3,382			—			3,382
Stock options exercised		92,442		—		559		—			—			—			—			559			—			559
Net loss		—		—		—		(32,031	)		—			—			—			(32,031	)		(74	)		(32,105	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		—			(529	)		—			—			(529	)		—			(529	)
Balance at June 30, 2019 (unaudited)		78,937,145		79		697,285		(510,980	)		(114	)		(1,672,920	)		(7,406	)		178,864			(11,657	)		167,207
Stock-based compensation cost		130,000		—		2,148		—			—			—			—			2,148			—			2,148
Stock options exercised		75,160		—		567		—			—			—			—			567			—			567
Net loss		—		—		—		(34,758	)		—			—			—			(34,758	)		(29	)		(34,787	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		—			(309	)		—			—			(309	)		—			(309	)
Balance at September 30, 2019 (unaudited)		79,142,305	$	79	$	700,000	$	(545,738	)	$	(423	)		(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	146,512		$	(11,686	)	$	134,826
Balance at March 31, 2020 (unaudited)																													83,298,263		$	83	$	766,253	$	(586,894	)	$	(1,141	)		(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	170,895		$	(12,659	)	$	158,236

	Common Stock					Additional					Accumulated other			Treasury Stock						Total Athenex, Inc.			Non-			Total			Common Stock				Additional					Accumulated other			Treasury Stock						Total Athenex, Inc.			Non-			Total
	Shares			Amount		paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit			comprehensive income (loss)			Shares			Amount			stockholders' equity			controlling interests			stockholders' equity			Shares		Amount		paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit			comprehensive loss			Shares			Amount			stockholders' equity			controlling interests			stockholders' equity
Balance at January 1, 2020		83,231,063		$	83	$	763,648	$	(567,465	)	$	(635	)		(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	188,225		$	(12,370	)	$	175,855
Balance at January 1, 2021																														95,066,195	$	95	$	901,864	$	(713,644	)	$	(1,134	)		(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	179,775		$	(14,427	)	$	165,348
Stock-based compensation cost		—			—		1,864		—			—			—			—			1,864			—			1,864			—		—		2,205		—			—			—			—			2,205			—			2,205
Restricted stock expense		(3,000	)		—		397		—			—			—			—			397			—			397			—		—		29		—			—			—			—			29			—			29
Stock options exercised		70,200			—		344		—			—			—			—			344			—			344			119,425		—		852		—			—			—			—			852			—			852
Net loss		—			—		—		(19,429	)		—			—			—			(19,429	)		(289	)		(19,718	)		—		—		—		(25,050	)		—			—			—			(25,050	)		(553	)		(25,603	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—			—		—		—			(506	)		—			—			(506	)		—			(506	)		—		—		—		—			293			—			—			293			—			293
Balance at March 31, 2020 (unaudited)		83,298,263			83		766,253		(586,894	)		(1,141	)		(1,672,920	)		(7,406	)		170,895			(12,659	)		158,236
Sale of common stock and issuance of stock in connection with acquisition		51,691			—		269		—			—			—			—			269			—			269
Stock-based compensation cost		—			—		2,640		—			—			—			—			2,640			—			2,640
Restricted stock expense		—			—		413		—			—			—			—			413			—			413
Stock options exercised		12,500			—		125		—			—			—			—			125			—			125
Issuance of warrants, net		—			—		5,342		—			—			—			—			5,342			—			5,342
Non-controlling interests		—			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			198			198
Net loss		—			—		—		(40,451	)		—			—			—			(40,451	)		(600	)		(41,051	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—			—		—		—			74			—			—			74			—			74
Balance at June 30, 2020 (unaudited)		83,362,454			83		775,042		(627,345	)		(1,067	)		(1,672,920	)		(7,406	)		139,307			(13,061	)		126,246
Sale of common stock and issuance of stock in connection with acquisition		11,522,598			11		118,619		—			—			—			—			118,630			—			118,630
Stock-based compensation cost		—			—		2,513		—			—			—			—			2,513			—			2,513
Restricted stock expense		(7,820	)		—		178		—			—			—			—			178			—			178
Stock options exercised		82,430			1		696		—			—			—			—			697			—			697
Issuance of warrants, net		—			—		1,202		—			—			—			—			1,202			—			1,202
Net loss		—			—		—		(36,806	)		—			—			—			(36,806	)		(462	)		(37,268	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—			—		—		—			37			—			—			37			—			37
Balance at September 30, 2020 (unaudited)		94,959,662		$	95	$	898,250	$	(664,151	)	$	(1,030	)		(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	225,758		$	(13,523	)	$	212,235
Balance at March 31, 2021 (unaudited)																														95,185,620	$	95	$	904,950	$	(738,694	)	$	(841	)	$	(1,672,920	)	$	(7,406	)	$	158,104		$	(14,980	)	$	143,124

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020				2019			2021			2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(98,037	)		$	(103,122	)	$	(25,603	)	$	(19,718	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		3,207				2,808			1,274			1,086
Stock-based compensation expense		8,005				7,223			2,234			2,261
Amortization of debt discount		1,185				770			779			256
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment charges		222				224			—			173
Loss on extinguishment of debt		10,278				—
Deferred income taxes		53		��		486			2			48
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables, net		(26,304	)			(4,217	)		3,414			(34,728	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		11,017				(17,086	)		(2,176	)		3,748
Inventories		3,025				336			2,523			(3,101	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(9,739	)			38,458			(12,323	)		4,430
Net cash used in operating activities		(97,088	)			(74,120	)		(29,876	)		(45,545	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(6,710	)			(8,513	)		(7,341	)		(1,736	)
Payments for licenses		(83	)			(4,175	)		(1,088	)		(64	)
Purchases of short-term investments		(97,956	)			(57,014	)		(55,784	)		(23,571	)
Sales and maturities of short-term investments		46,345				72,290			71,250			14,920
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(58,404	)			2,588
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities									7,037			(10,451	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of stock		126,769				100,373
Proceeds from issuance of debt		119,897				6,464			—			435
Proceeds from issuance of warrants		7,039				—
Costs incurred related to the sale of stock		(7,590	)			(54	)
Costs incurred related to the issuance of debt and warrants		(7,187	)			—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		1,165				1,404			852			344
Investment from non-controlling interest		198				—
Deposits for long-term debt		(648	)			—
Repayment of finance lease obligations and long-term debt		(54,315	)			(136	)		(98	)		(47	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		185,328				108,051			754			732
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		29,836				36,519
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash									(22,085	)		(55,264	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period		127,674				49,794			86,087			127,674
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(201	)			592			478			(427	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period (See Note 3)	$	157,309			$	86,905		$	64,480		$	71,983
Supplemental cash flow disclosures
Interest paid	$	3,081			$	4,415		$	7,708		$	1,390
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued purchases of property and equipment	$	948			$	1,106		$	1,215		$	1,009
Accrued purchases of licenses	$	2,500			$	—		$	1,800		$	500
Equipment purchased with capital lease obligation	$	581			$	—
Accrued cost of debt issuance	$	1,425			$	—
Accrued cost of stock offering	$	280			$	—
ROU assets derecognized from modification of operating lease obligations	$	(468	)		$	—		$	—		$	(468	)
ROU assets recognized in exchange for operating lease obligations								$	—		$	353

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Athenex, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Athenex”), originally under the name Kinex Pharmaceuticals LLC (“Kinex”), formed in November 2003, commenced operations on February 5, 2004, and operated as a limited liability company until it was incorporated in the State of Delaware under the name Kinex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on December 31, 2012. The Company changed its name to Athenex, Inc. on August 26, 2015.

Athenex is a ~~global~~ biopharmaceutical company dedicated to becoming a leader in the discovery, development, and commercialization of next generation drugs for the treatment of cancer. The Company’s mission is to improve the lives of cancer patients by creating more effective, safer and tolerable treatments. The ~~Company’s current clinical pipeline is derived from Orascovery,based on a P-glycoprotein (“P-gp”) pump inhibitor, Src Kinase Inhibition, T-cell receptor-engineered T-cells (“TCR-T”), and Arginine Deprivation Therapy technology platforms. The~~ Company has assembled a strong and experienced leadership team and has established ~~global~~ operations across the pharmaceutical value chain to execute ~~its~~our goal of becoming a ~~global~~ leader in bringing innovative cancer treatments to the market and ~~improve~~improving health outcomes.

The Company is organized around three operating segments: (1) its Oncology Innovation Platform, dedicated to the research and development of our proprietary drugs; (2) its Commercial Platform, focused on the sales and marketing of our specialty drugs and the market development of our proprietary drugs; and (3) its Global Supply Chain Platform, dedicated to providing a stable and efficient supply of APIs for our clinical and commercial efforts. The Company’s current clinical pipeline in the Oncology Innovation Platform is derived from four different proprietary technologies: (1) Orascovery, based on a P-glycoprotein (“P-gp”) pump inhibitor, (2) Src Kinase Inhibition, (3) Cell Therapy, and (4) Arginine Deprivation Therapy.

The Company is primarily engaged in conducting research and development activities through corporate collaborators, in-licensing and out-licensing pharmaceutical compounds and technology, conducting preclinical and clinical testing, ~~recruiting personnel,~~ identifying and evaluating additional drug candidates for potential in-licensing or acquisition, and raising capital to support development and commercialization activities. The Company also conducts commercial sales of specialty products through its wholly owned subsidiary, Athenex Pharmaceutical Division (“APD”), and 503B products through its wholly owned subsidiary, Athenex Pharma Solutions (“APS”).

In September 2020, the Company completed an underwritten follow-on public offering in which it sold 11,500,000 shares of its common stock, including 1,500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $11.00 per share and received net proceeds of $118.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $7.9 million.

On August 4, 2020, the Company entered into a Revenue Interest Financing Agreement with Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners, LP (“Sagard”), pursuant to which Sagard agreed to pay the Company $50.0 million (the “Product Payment”) to provide funding for the Company’s development and commercialization of oral paclitaxel and encequidar (“Oral Paclitaxel”) upon receipt of marketing authorization for Oral Paclitaxel by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In exchange for the Product Payment, the Company agreed to make payments to Sagard (the “Payments”) equal to 5.0% of its world-wide net sales of Oral Paclitaxel, subject to a hard cap equal to the lesser of 170% of the Product Payment and the Put/Call Price set forth in the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement (the “Hard Cap”). The Company is required to make certain additional payments to Sagard to the extent Sagard has not received Payments equaling at least $20.0 million by September 30, 2024 and at least $50.0 million by August 4, 2026, in the amount of the applicable shortfall, and, subject to the Hard Cap, if Sagard has not received Payments equaling at least $85.0 million by the tenth anniversary of the date the Product Payment is funded, in an amount such that Sagard will have obtained a 6.0% internal rate of return on the Product Payment.

Sagard and its co-investors OPB SHRP Co-Invest Credit Limited and SIMCOE SHRP Co-Invest Credit Ltd. (the “IMCO Investors”) also acquired by assignment (the “Assignment”) term loans and commitments equal to $50.0 million under the Senior Credit Agreement, asfurther discussed below. In connection with the Assignment, the Company granted warrants to Sagard and the IMCO Investors to purchase up to an aggregate of 201,865 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share (the “Sagard Warrants”). As a result of the issuance of the additional warrants, the Company evaluated the debt modification in accordance with ASC 470 and concluded that the assigned debt qualified for a partial debt extinguishment of the existing Senior Secured Credit Agreement with Oaktree.~~Therefore, the Company recorded a loss on partial extinguishment of debt in the amount of $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.~~

On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a senior secured loan agreement and related security agreements (the “Senior Credit Agreement”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (collectively “Oaktree”) to borrow up to $225.0 million in 5 tranches with a maturity date of June 19, 2026, bearing interest at a fixed annual rate of 11.0%. The first tranche of $100.0 million was drawn by the Company prior to June 30, 2020, with the proceeds used in part to repay in full the outstanding loan and fees under the credit agreement with Perceptive Advisors LLC and its affiliates (“Perceptive”).

The second tranche of $25.0 million was drawn by the Company prior to September 30, 2020. Additional debt tranches of $100.0 million in aggregate are available subject to the Company’s achievement of certain regulatory and commercial milestones. The Company is required to make quarterly interest-only payments until June 19, 2022, after which the Company is required to make quarterly amortizing payments, with the remaining balance of the principal plus accrued and unpaid interest due at maturity.

~~In connection with the Senior Credit Agreement~~, the Company granted warrants to Oaktree to purchase an aggregate of up to 908,393 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share. This transaction was accounted for as a detachable warrant at its fair value, using the relative fair value method, which is based on a number of unobservable inputs, and is recorded as an increase to additional paid-in-capital on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. ~~The fair value of the warrants was reflected as a discount to the term loan and amortized over the life of the term loan.~~

The Company has incurred operating losses since its inception and, as a result, as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 had an accumulated deficit of ~~$664.2~~ $738.7million and ~~$567.5~~$713.6 million, respectively. In September 2020, the Company successfully raised $118.7 million through public offering of its shares, thus alleviated the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern as of June 30, 2020. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$143.6~~$48.0 million, restricted cash of ~~$13.8~~$16.5 million, and short-term investments of ~~$84.8~~$123.2 million.

The Company believes that the existing cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments will enable us to meet our current operational liquidity needs and fund operations into the second ~~quarter~~half of 2022. This cash runway does not reflect additional funding available to the Company through its existing Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree, as administrative agent, or the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement with Sagard. Achieving prescribed funding milestones within such arrangements would extend the Company’s anticipated cash runway into 2023. The Company has based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and it could spend the available financial resources much faster than expected and need to raise additional funds sooner than anticipated. Operations have been funded primarily through the sale of common stock, senior secured loans, and to a lesser extent, from convertible bond financing, revenue, and grant funding. The Company will require significant additional funds to conduct clinical trials and to fund its commercialization and manufacturing operations. There can be no assurance that this funding will be available for our use when needed, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may be required to delay, modify, or terminate its research and development programs or reduce its planned commercialization efforts. Further, if the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, the Company will need to reevaluate future operating plans. Although the Company plans to raise additional funds, ~~or access additional funding via the Senior Credit Agreement and Revenue Interest Financing,~~ these plans are subject to market conditions which are outside of its control and ~~based on the satisfaction of future milestone funding conditions, and~~ therefore cannot be deemed to be probable.

In February 2021, the Company received a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) regarding the Company’s New Drug Application (“NDA”) for oral paclitaxel and encequidar (“Oral Paclitaxel”) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The ~~Senior Credit Agreement contains various affirmative, negative,~~FDA issues a CRL to indicate that the review cycle for an application is complete and ~~financial covenants customary~~that the application is not ready for approval in its present form. In the CRL, the FDA indicated its concern of safety risk to ~~agreements~~patients in terms of ~~this type. A breach~~an increase in neutropenia-related sequelae on the Oral Paclitaxel arm compared with the IV paclitaxel arm in the Phase III study. The FDA also expressed concerns regarding the uncertainty over the results of ~~any~~the primary endpoint of ~~these covenants could result~~objective response rate (ORR) at week 19 conducted by blinded independent central review (“BICR”). The FDA stated that the BICR reconciliation and re-read process may have introduced unmeasured bias and influence on the BICR. The FDA recommended that Athenex conduct a new adequate and well-conducted clinical trial in a ~~default. If a default under~~patient population with metastatic breast cancer representative of the ~~Senior Credit Agreement is not cured or waived, the default could result~~population in the ~~acceleration~~U.S. The FDA determined that additional risk mitigation strategies to improve toxicity, which may involve dose optimization as well as, or in addition to, exclusion of ~~debt, which could require~~patients deemed to be at higher risk of toxicity, are required to support potential approval of the ~~Company~~NDA. We are working to ~~repay~~consider the ~~outstanding debt~~appropriate next steps in ~~full prior~~the development of Oral Paclitaxel. We have been preparing for and plan to request a meeting

with the ~~date it~~FDA and plan to engage in a dialogue on the design and scope of a clinical trial to address the FDA’s requirements and align on the next steps required to obtain approval.The Company’s ability to potentially commercialize Oral Paclitaxel, and the timing of potential commercialization, is ~~otherwise due together~~dependent on the discussion with ~~exit fees and any applicable prepayment fees. If~~ the ~~Company defaults, the lenders may seek repayment through~~agency, the Company’s ~~subsidiary guarantors or by executing on the security interest granted pursuant to the Senior Credit Agreement. The Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants as~~resubmission of ~~September 30, 2020.~~its NDA, ultimate FDA approval, and potentially additional capital.

The Company is subject to a number of risks similar to other biopharmaceutical companies, including, but not limited to, the lack of available ~~capital,~~capital; possible failure of preclinical testing or clinical trials, inability to obtain ~~marketing~~regulatory approval of product ~~candidates,~~candidates; competitors developing new technological ~~innovations,~~innovations; unsuccessful commercialization strategy and launch plans for its proprietary drug ~~candidates,~~candidates; risks inherent in litigation, including purported class actions; market acceptance of the Company’s ~~products,~~products; and protection of proprietary technology. If the Company ~~does~~or its partners do not successfully commercialize any of ~~its~~the Company’s product candidates, it will be unable to generate sufficient product revenue and might not, if ever, achieve profitability and positive cash flow.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information (Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 270, Interim Reporting) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information necessary for a full presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the Company for the periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts and operations of Athenex, Inc. and those of its subsidiaries in which Athenex, Inc. has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been fully eliminated in consolidation.

Results of the Company’s operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year ending December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, or for any other future annual or interim period. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March ~~2, 2020.~~1, 2021.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such management estimates include those relating to assumptions used in clinical research accruals, chargebacks, measurement of acquired assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, provision for credit losses, inventory reserves, deferred income taxes, the estimated useful life and recoverability of long-lived assets, and the valuation of ~~warrants~~stock-based awards and ~~stock-based awards.~~other items as appropriate. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company estimates and records a provision for its expected credit losses related to its financial instruments, including its trade receivables and contract assets recorded under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The Company considers historical collection rates, current financial status of its customers, macroeconomic factors, and other industry-specific factors when evaluating for current expected credit losses. Forward-looking information is also considered in the evaluation of current expected credit losses. However, because of the short time to the expected receipt of accounts receivable and contract assets, the Company believes that the carrying value, net of excepted losses, approximates fair value and therefore, relies more on historical and current analysis of such financial instruments.

To determine the provision for credit losses for accounts receivable, the Company has disaggregated its accounts receivable by class of customer, as the Company determined that risk profile of its customers is consistent based on the type and industry in which they operate. These customer classes include pharmaceutical wholesalers for specialty product sales, drug manufacturers for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) sales, and hospitals and end-users for 503B sales. Each class of customer is analyzed for estimated credit losses individually. In doing so, the Company establishes a historical loss matrix, based on the previous collections of accounts receivable by the age of such receivables, and evaluates the current and forecasted financial position of its customers, as available. Further, the Company considers macroeconomic factors and the status of the pharmaceutical industry, including unemployment rates, industry indices, and other factors, to estimate if there are current expected credit losses within its trade receivables based on the trends and the Company’s expectation of the future status of such economic and industry-specific factors. The Company believes that its customers, the majority of which are in the pharmaceutical industries with sound financial condition, and therefore, the Company’s evaluation of macroeconomic and industry-specific factors did not have a significant impact on the provision for credit losses. ~~As of September 30, 2020, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $1.0 millionfor accounts receivable related to the customer classes of pharmaceutical wholesalers, drug manufacturers, and hospitals and end users.~~

Expected credit losses related to contract assets are evaluated on an individual basis. The Company’s contract assets relate to upfront fees or milestone payments due from licensees for which the underlying performance obligations have been satisfied. The Company evaluates the financial status of the licensee and any historical payment activity from them. Macroeconomic and industry-specific factors are considered when estimated current expected credit losses related to contract assets. Contract assets are generally classified as short-term, and the Company is in frequent communication with licensees to establish timely payment terms. If the Company expects that credit losses exist for license-related contract assets, it will record provision for such losses against the contract asset. As of September 30, 2020, the Company determined that credit losses related to its contract assets recognized in connection with its license arrangements are not expected to be significant.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments. The Company deposits its cash equivalents in interest-bearing money market accounts and certificates of deposit, invests in highly liquid U.S. treasury notes, commercial paper, and ~~high-quality investment grade commercial paper.~~corporate bonds. The Company deposits its cash with multiple financial institutions. Cash balances exceed federally insured limits. The primary focus of the Company’s investment strategy is to preserve capital and meet liquidity requirements. The Company’s investment policy addresses the level of credit exposure by limiting the concentration in any one corporate issuer and establishing a minimum allowable credit

rating. The Company also has significant assets and liabilities held in its overseas ~~including its~~ manufacturing facility, and research and development facility in China, and therefore is subject to foreign currency ~~fluctuation.~~

~~Recent Adopted Accounting Pronouncements~~ fluctuation and regulatory uncertainties.

~~In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”~~to improve reporting requirements specific to loans, receivables, and other financial instruments. The new standard requires that credit losses on financial assets, including trade receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, measured at amortized cost be determined using an expected loss model, instead of the current incurred loss model. In addition, ASC 326 requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses if the Company does not intend to

sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell, and limited to the amount by which carrying value exceeds fair value. The new standard also requires enhanced disclosure of credit risk associated with financial assets.

The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The standard is required to be applied using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the retained earnings, if any, upon adoption.

This standard became effective for us on January 1, 2020, and based on the composition of our trade receivables, investment portfolio and other financial assets, current economic conditions and historical credit loss activity, the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. A significant portion of the Company’s accounts receivable is from large pharmaceutical wholesalers in the U.S., and a licensing fee receivable from a public company in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses as of January 1, 2020, using its expected credit loss evaluation process described above, resulted in no adjustments to the provision for credit losses and 0 cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings on the adoption date of the standard.

The Company ~~has~~had a restricted cash balance of ~~$13.8~~$16.5 million as of ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 held in a controlled bank account in connection with the Company’s senior secured loan agreement and related security agreements (the “Senior Credit Agreement”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (collectively, “Oaktree”). The Senior Credit Agreement ~~which~~ requires the Company to maintain, in a debt service reserve account, a minimum cash balance equal to twelve months of interest on the outstanding loans under the Senior Credit Agreement.

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Raw materials and purchased parts	$	5,174	$	4,176	$	3,054	$	6,498
Work in progress		203		1,870		1,728		776
Finished goods		24,228		26,584		21,542		21,572
Total inventories	$	29,605	$	32,630	$	26,324	$	28,846

The Company’s identifiable intangible assets, net, consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2020										March 31, 2021
	Cost/Fair Value			Accumulated Amortization		Impairments		Net			Cost/Fair Value			Accumulated Amortization		Impairments		Net
Amortizable intangible assets:
Licenses	$	11,518		$	4,757	$	—	$	6,761		$	12,641		$	5,745	$	—	$	6,896
Polymed customer list		1,593			1,355		—		238			1,593			1,482		—		111
Polymed technology		3,712			1,547		—		2,165			3,712			1,754		—		1,958
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
CDE in-process research and development (IPR&D)		723			—		—		723			728			—		—		728
Effect of currency translation adjustment		(331	)		—		—		(331	)		(211	)		—		—		(211	)
Total intangible assets, net	$	17,215		$	7,659	$	—	$	9,556		$	18,463		$	8,981	$	—	$	9,482

	December 31, 2019										December 31, 2020
	Cost/Fair Value			Accumulated Amortization		Impairments		Net			Cost/Fair Value			Accumulated Amortization		Impairments		Net
Amortizable intangible assets
Licenses	$	8,935		$	3,561	$	—	$	5,374		$	12,641		$	5,157	$	—	$	7,484
Polymed customer list		1,593			1,164		—		429			1,593			1,418		—		175
Polymed technology		3,712			1,297		—		2,415			3,712			1,685		—		2,027
Product rights		530			360		170		—
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
CDE in-process research and development (IPR&D)		728			—		—		728			728			—		—		728
Effect of currency translation adjustment		(424	)		—		—		(424	)		(196	)		—		—		(196	)
Total intangibles, net	$	15,074		$	6,382	$	170	$	8,522		$	18,478		$	8,260	$	—	$	10,218

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, licenses at cost include an Orascovery license of $0.4 million, licenses purchased from Gland Pharma Limited (“Gland”) of $4.4 million, a license purchased from MAIA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“MAIA”) for $4.0 million, ~~a license~~licenses purchased from Ingenus Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Ingenus”) for ~~$2.0~~$3.0 million, and licenses of other specialty products of ~~$0.7~~$0.8 million. The Orascovery license with Hanmi Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. (“Hanmi”) was purchased directly from Hanmi and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 12.75 years, the remaining life of the license agreement at the time of purchase. The licenses purchased from Gland are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 5 years, the remaining life of the license agreement at the time of purchase. The license purchased from MAIA is being amortized over a period of 7 years, the remaining life of the license agreement at the time of purchase. ~~The license~~Of the $3.0 million licenses purchased from Ingenus, a $2.0 million license is being amortized over a period of 5 years, the estimated useful life of the license ~~agreement.~~agreement and a $1.0 million license purchased from Ingenus is being amortized over a period of 3 years, the remaining life of the license agreement at the time of purchase.

The remaining intangible assets were acquired in connection with the acquisitions of Polymed Therapeutics, Inc. (“Polymed”) and Comprehensive Drug Enterprises (“CDE”). Intangible assets are amortized using an economic consumption model over their useful lives. The Polymed customer list and technology are amortized on a straight-line basis over 6 and 12 years, respectively. The CDE in-process research and development, (“IPR&D”), will not be amortized until the related projects are completed. IPR&D is tested annually for impairment, unless conditions exist causing an earlier impairment test (e.g., abandonment of project). The Company recorded 0 impairments of IPR&D during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021. The weighted-average useful life for all intangible assets was ~~7.37~~7.1 years as of ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021.

The Company recorded $~~0.5~~0.6 million and $0.5 million of amortization expense for ~~both~~ the three-month periods ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019, and $1.4million of amortization expense for both the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.~~respectively.

The Company’s goodwill balance is the result of prior period acquisitions and is allocated to the Global Supply Chain Platform reporting unit and the Oncology Innovation Platform reporting unit. Changes in goodwill balances reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 are due to the effect of foreign currency on goodwill from acquisitions of subsidiaries that have a functional currency other than USD.

During the first quarter of 2021, due to the significant decrease in its market capitalization, the Company evaluated the impact on each of its reporting units to assess whether there was a triggering event requiring it to perform a goodwill impairment test (ASC350-20-35). The Company determined a triggering event occurred and, as such, performed an interim goodwill quantitative impairment test for its reporting units. It also considered certain qualitative factors, such as the Company’s performance, business forecasts, and expansion plans. It reviewed key assumptions, including revisions of projected cash flows and future revenue for reporting units against the results of the annual quantitative impairment test performed during the last quarter of 2020. Using both the income approach and the market approach for its Global Supply Chain Platform and Oncology Innovation Platform, with the discount rate selected considering and capturing the related risk associated with the forecast, the Company compared the fair value of the 2 reporting units to carrying value. Based on the results, the fair value of each of our reporting units exceeded their carrying value and the goodwill was not impaired. However, there can be no assurances that goodwill will not be impaired in future periods. Estimating the fair value of goodwill requires the use of estimates and significant judgments that are based on a number of factors. These estimates and judgments may not be within the control of the Company and accordingly it is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates could change in future periods.

Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, an available-for-sale equity investment, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, ~~detachable warrants issued in connection with the Senior Credit Agreement and Revenue Interest Financing Agreement,~~ and debt. Short-term investments and the equity investment are stated at fair value. Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and debt, are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt or payment date of such amounts.

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under the ASC 820 are described as follows:

Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access.

Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable, supported by little or no market activity, and are significant to the fair value measurement.

Transfers between levels, if any, are recorded as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the transfer occurs. There were 0 transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 for any of the periods presented.

The following tables represent the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities that the Company measures at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2020 Using:								Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2021 Using:
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Financial assets included within cash and cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	5,860	$	5,860	$	—	$	—	$	5,497	$	5,497	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments - certificates of deposit		14,198		—		14,198		—		1,000		—		1,000		—
Short-term investments - commercial paper		87,088		—		87,088		—		22,548		—		22,548		—
Financial assets included within short-term investments
Short-term investments - certificates of deposit		10,560		—		10,560		—		22,769		—		22,769		—
Short-term investments - U.S. government bonds		9,996		—		9,996		—		15,000		—		15,000		—
Short-term investments - commercial paper		63,959		—		63,959		—		85,185		—		85,185		—
Available-for-sale investment		235		235		—		—		232		232		—		—
Total assets	$	191,897	$	6,095	$	185,802	$	—	$	152,231	$	5,729	$	146,502	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using:								Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using:
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Financial assets included within cash and cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	5,460	$	5,460	$	—	$	—	$	5,615	$	5,615	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments - certificates of deposit		15,110		—		15,110		—		4,070		—		4,070		—
Short-term investments - U.S. government bonds										5,000		—		5,000		—
Short-term investments - commercial paper		51,017		—		51,017		—		34,860		—		34,860		—
Financial assets included within short-term investments
Short-term investments - certificates of deposit		10,054		—		10,054		—		20,696		—		20,696		—
Short-term investments - U.S. government bonds										14,998		—		14,998		—
Short-term investments - commercial paper		22,835		—		22,835		—		102,715		—		102,715		—
Available-for-sale investment		250		250		—		—		227		227		—		—
Total assets	$	104,726	$	5,710	$	99,016	$	—	$	188,181	$	5,842	$	182,339	$	—

The Company classifies its money market funds within Level 1 because it uses quoted market prices to determine their fair value. The Company classifies its commercial paper, corporate notes, certificates of deposit, and U.S. government bonds within Level 2 because it uses quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and each has a specified term and all Level 2 inputs are observable for substantially the full term of each instrument.

The Company owns 68,000 shares of PharmaEssentia, a company publicly traded on the Taiwan OTC Exchange. As of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company’s investment in PharmaEssentia was valued at the reported closing price on such dates. This investment is classified as a Level 1 investment and is recorded as an available-for-sale investment within short-term investments on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

On June 27, 2019, the Company entered into a definitive asset purchase agreement (the “APA”) with CIDAL Limited, a British Virgin Islands company limited by shares, and several of its affiliates (“CIDAL”). CIDAL operates as a contract research organization with headquarters in Guatemala and operations in various countries in Central America. Pursuant to the terms of the APA, the Company acquired certain assets of CIDAL in exchange for agreeing to assume certain liabilities of CIDAL and issuing milestone payments of an aggregate of 67,796 shares of the Company’s common stock, contingent upon the achievement of certain developmental and regulatory events through the third quarter of 2021. The Company accounted for the asset purchase using the acquisition method of accounting and accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed were recorded based upon management’s estimates of current fair values as of the acquisition date. The Company received net cash of $0.9 million, acquired property and equipment of less than $0.1 million, assumed liabilities of $1.1 million, and recorded goodwill of approximately $1.0 million, and has paid contingent equity consideration associated with the transaction of $0.8 million to date.

The operating results of CIDAL have been included within the Company’s Oncology Innovation Platform operating segment from the closing date of the acquisition. CIDAL incurred a net loss of $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and added $0 of revenue and incurred a net loss of $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, CIDAL achieved 4 of its 6 clinical milestones associated with the contingent equity consideration from the acquisition. The Company had issued 22,598 shares of its common stock to CIDAL during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2021		2020
Accrued wages and benefits	$	12,219	$	7,541	$	7,798	$	6,720
Accrued selling fees, rebates, and royalties						4,388		9,046
Accrued operating expenses						3,804		3,222
Accrued construction costs		9,001		22,811		3,421		4,104
Accrued selling fees and rebates		7,357		1,577
Accrued inventory purchases		3,465		7,194		2,397		3,714
Accrued costs for product launch		3,312		—
Accrued operating expenses		3,155		1,885
Accrued clinical expenses		3,071		2,510		2,073		2,949
Accrued tax withholdings		2,814		187		1,863		1,948
Accrued licensing fees		2,384		384
Accrued costs for product launch						1,415		1,474
Deferred revenue		328		218		1,289		1,147
Accrued R&D licensing fees						266		366
Accrued interest						—		3,583
Total accrued expenses	$	47,106	$	44,307	$	28,714	$	38,273

The accrued construction costs relate to the building of the manufacturing facility in Dunkirk, NY. This amount, plus an additional $0.4 million paid by the Company is expected to be funded by New York State. Therefore, ~~$9.4~~$3.8 million is recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021.

The Company did 0t record a provision for U.S. federal income taxes for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 because it expects to generate a loss for the year ending December 31, ~~2020~~2021 and the Company’s net deferred tax assets continue to be fully offset by a valuation allowance. Tax expense to date is primarily the result of tax withheld ~~or to be withheld~~ in ~~China and~~ Taiwan, in the amount of ~~$3.9~~$0.1 million~~million,~~, on milestone payments in connection with ~~various~~an out-license ~~agreements and recording a deferred tax liability, in the amount of $0.1 million, against indefinite lived intangible assets.~~agreement.

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) into law. The CARES Act includes several significant business tax provisions that, among other things, would eliminate the taxable income limit for certain net operating losses (“NOLs”) and allow businesses to carry back NOLs arising in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to the five prior tax years, accelerate refunds of previously generated corporate alternative minimum tax credits, change the business interest limitation under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) section 163(j) of the IRC from 30 percent to 50 percent, and fix qualified improvement property from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. ~~This recent legislation did not materially affect the Company’s income tax position.~~

The Company’s debt as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, consists of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2021		2020
Current portion of mortgage	$	702	$	686	$	729	$	731
Current portion of bank loan		734		—		761		764
Current portion of senior secured loan		70		—		70		70
Current portion of finance and capital lease obligations		368		194
Current portion of finance lease obligations						410		445
Current portion of operating lease obligations		2,703		3,010		3,161		3,185
Long-term portion of finance and capital lease obligations		439		227
Long-term portion of finance lease obligations						474		537
Long-term portion of operating lease obligations		6,431		7,620		5,832		6,355
Chongqing Maliu Credit Agreement		7,125		5,731
Senior secured loan, net of debt discount and financing fees of $10,824 and $3,592, respectively		114,176		46,408
Chongqing Maliu credit agreement						7,614		7,641
Senior secured loan, net of debt discount and financing fees of $10,822 and $11,601 respectively						139,178		138,399
Total	$	132,748	$	63,876	$	158,229	$	158,127

~~The mortgage payments, assumed in connection with the acquisition of CDE, extend through December 31, 2020.~~

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company was issued an unsecured, subordinated bank loan from China Merchants Bank to fund operations in China. This loan had a principal value of $0.7 million, a maturity date of December 11, 2019, and bore interest at a fixed rate of 5.7% annually. The loan was paid in full as of December 31, 2019.

During the second quarter of 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement which amended the existing partnership agreement with Chongqing Maliu Riverside Development and Investment Co., LTD (“CQ”), for a Renminbi ¥50.0 million (USD $7.3 million at September 30, 2020) line of credit to be used for the construction of the new API plant in China. The Company is required to repay the principal amount with accrued interest within three years after the plant receives the U.S. Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”) certification, with 20% of the total loan with accrued interest due within the first twelve months following receiving the certification, 30% of the total loan with accrued interest due within twenty-four months, and the remaining balance with accrued interest due within thirty-six months. Interest accrues at the three-year loan interest rate by the People’s Bank of China for the same period on the date of the deposit of the full loan amount. If the Company fails to obtain the cGMP certification within three years upon the acceptance of the plant, it shall return all renovation costs with the accrued interest to CQ in a single transaction within the first ten business days. The Company draws on this debt as needed and received $0.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the balance due to CQ was $7.1 million.

On May 15, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement with China Merchants Bank, enabling the Company to draw up to a Renminbi ¥5.0 million (USD $0.7 million at September 30, 2020) during the period through May 14, 2021. The Company drew the entire available credit in July 2020. This loan has a maturity date of May 14, 2021 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.35% annually. The Company is required to make interest and principal payment at maturity.

On June 19, 2020, the Company paid off all obligations owing under, and terminated, the senior secured loan agreement with Perceptive. The secured interests were terminated in connection with the Company’s payoff of all obligations. In connection with the repayment of the Perceptive loan, the Company incurred a $3.8 million prepayment fee, the unamortized debt discount of $3.1 million, and $0.3 million in other charges. The Perceptive debt extinguishment resulted in a $7.2 million loss that was included in loss on extinguishment of debt, in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.Senior Credit Agreement

On June 19, 2020 (“Closing Date”), the Company entered into the Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree to borrow up to $225.0 million in 5 tranches, with a maturity date of June 19, 2026. ~~The first tranche~~Three tranches (“Tranche A”, “Tranche B”, and “Tranche D”) of the term loans with an aggregate principal amount of ~~$100.0~~$150.0 million ~~and the second tranche of $25.0 million (“Tranche B”)~~ were drawn by the Company ~~as of September 30,~~in 2020. ~~A portion of the proceeds of the first~~One tranche ~~was used to repay in full the existing senior secured loan with Perceptive, including related prepayment fees, unpaid interest, and legal fees. The third tranche~~(“Tranche C”) of $25.0 million ~~(“Tranche C”), and the fourth tranche of $25.0 million (“Tranche D”)~~ will be available to the Company from 90 days after the Closing Date through June 20, 2022, subject to the Company’s satisfaction of a certain regulatory ~~and commercial milestones;~~milestone; and the ~~fifth~~last tranche of $50.0 million (“Tranche E”) will be available to the Company from 90 days after the Closing Date through June 19, 2023, also subject to the Company’s satisfaction of a certain ~~regulatory and~~ commercial ~~milestones.~~milestone. The loan bears interest at a fixed annual rate of 11.0%. The Company allocated the proceeds of the drawn tranches between liability and equity components and the fair value of such equity components, along with the direct costs related to the issuance of the debt were recorded as an offset to long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets. The debt discount and financing fees are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over the remaining maturity of the Senior Credit Agreement. The effective interest rate of Tranches A, B and D, including the amortization of debt discount and financing fees amounts to 13.3% annually. The Company is required to make quarterly interest-only payments until June 19, 2022, after which the Company is required to make quarterly amortizing payments, with the remaining balance of the principal plus accrued and unpaid interest due at maturity. Beginning on September 17, 2020, the Company was required to pay a commitment fee on any undrawn commitments equal to 0.6% per annum, payable on each subsequent funding date or the commitment termination date. Prepayments of the loan, in whole or in part, will be subject to early

prepayment fee which declines each year until the fourth anniversary date of the Closing Date, after which no prepayment fee is required. Upon the final payment, the Company must also pay an exit fee calculated based on a percentage of the aggregate principal amount of all tranches advanced to the Company, and as of ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company has reflected a long-term exit fee liability of ~~$2.0~~$3.0 million within long-term debt and finance lease obligations on the ~~unaudited condensed~~ consolidated balance sheet.

The Senior Credit Agreement contains certain representations and warranties, affirmative covenants, negative covenants and conditions that were customarily required for similar financings. The Company is subject to certain financial covenants under the Senior Credit Agreement, including (1) a minimum liquidity amount in cash or permitted cash equivalent investments of $20.0 million from the closing date until the date on which the aggregate principal amount of loans outstanding is greater than or equal to $150.0 million (the “First Step-Up Date”), $25.0 million from the First Step-Up Date until the date on which the aggregate principal amount of loans outstanding balance is equal to $225.0 million (the “Second Step-Up ~~Date)~~Date”), and $30.0 million from the Second Step-up Date until the maturity date; (2) minimum revenue no less than 50% of target revenue beginning with the fiscal quarter ended on December 31, 2020 and with respect to each such subsequent fiscal quarter prior to the revenue covenant termination date; (3) leverage ratio covenant not to exceed 4.50 to 1.00 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter beginning with the first fiscal quarter following the revenue covenant termination date. At ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all applicable debt covenants.

On August 4, 2020, the Company entered into a Revenue Interest Financing Agreement with Sagard, pursuant to which Sagard agreed to pay the Company $50.0 million to provide funding for the Company’s development and commercialization of Oral Paclitaxel upon receipt of marketing authorization for Oral Paclitaxel by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In the event the Company is unable to do so before December 31, 2021, Sagard will have a termination right. In exchange for the Product Payment, the Company agreed to make payments to Sagard equal to 5.0% of its world-wide net sales of Oral Paclitaxel, subject to a hard cap equal to the lesser of 170% of the Product Payment and the Put/Call Price as discussed below and further set forth in the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement. The Company is required to make certain additional payments to Sagard to the extent Sagard has not received Payments equaling at least $20.0 million by September 30, 2024 and at least $50.0 million by August 4, 2026, in the amount of the applicable shortfall, and, subject to the Hard Cap, if Sagard has not received Payments equaling at least $85.0 million by the tenth anniversary of the date the Product Payment is funded, in an amount such that Sagard will have obtained a 6.0% internal rate of return on the Product Payment.

The Company’s obligations under the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions and subject to an intercreditor agreement with Oaktree ~~Fund Administration, LLC~~ as administrative agent for the lenders under our Senior Credit Agreement, by a perfected security interest in (i) accounts receivable arising from net sales of Oral Paclitaxel and (ii) intellectual property ~~(“IP”)~~ that is claiming or covering Oral Paclitaxel itself or any method of using, making or manufacturing Oral Paclitaxel.

During the second quarter of 2019, the Company ~~will have~~entered into a credit agreement which amended the ~~right, but not~~existing partnership agreement with Chongqing Maliu Riverside Development and Investment Co., LTD (“CQ”), for a Renminbi ¥50.0 million (USD $7.7 million at December 31, 2020) line of credit to be used for the ~~obligation (the “Call Option”),~~construction of the new API plant in China. The Company is required to ~~buy out Sagard’s~~repay the principal amount with accrued interest within three years after the plant receives the cGMP certification, with 20% of the total loan with accrued interest is due within the first twelve months following receiving the certification, 30% of the total loan with accrued interest due within twenty-four months, and the remaining balance with accrued interest due within thirty-six months. Interest accrues at the three-year loan interest rate by the People’s Bank of China for the same period on the date of the deposit of the full loan amount, which is expected to approximate 4.75% annually. If the Company fails to obtain the cGMP certification within three years upon the acceptance of the plant, it shall return all renovation costs with the accrued interest to CQ in a single transaction within the ~~Payments~~first ten business days. As of March 31, 2021, the balance due to CQ was $7.6 million.

On May 15, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement with China Merchants Bank, enabling the Company to draw up to a Renminbi ¥5.0 million (USD $0.8 million at March 31, 2021) during the period through May 14, 2021. The Company drew the entire available credit in July 2020. This loan has a maturity date of May 14, 2021 and bears interest at a ~~repurchase price (the “Put/Call Price”) equal to (a) on or before August 4, 2023, a payment sufficient to generate an internal~~fixed rate of ~~return of 18.0% of~~4.35% annually. The Company is required to pay the ~~Product Payment, (b) after August 4, 2023~~outstanding principal and on or before August 4, 2024, a payment sufficient to generate an internal rate of return of 16.0% of the Product Payment, (c) after August 4, 2024 and on or before August 4, 2025, a payment sufficient to generate an internal rate of return of 15.0% of the Product Payment, and (d) thereafter, the greater of (i) an amount that, when paid to Sagard, would generate an internal rate of return of 13.0% of the Product Payment, and (ii) an amount equal to the product of the Product Payment and 165%, in the case of each foregoing clause (a) through (d), taking into account all ~~other payments received by Sagard from us under the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement.~~ accrued interest at maturity.

The Revenue Interest Financing Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and certain restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness and grant liens on intellectual property related to Oral Paclitaxel. In addition, the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement provides that if certain events (“Put Option Events”) occur, including certain bankruptcy events, non-payment of Payments, a change of control, an out-license or sale of all of the rightsmortgage payments, assumed in and to Oral Paclitaxel in the U.S. (other than any out-licensing transaction that includes all or substantially all of the U.S. and European development and commercialization rights to Oral Paclitaxel with a pharmaceutical company with global annual revenues for its most recently completed fiscal year that is greater than or equal to $500.0 million attributable to its oncology business) and (subject to applicable cure periods) non-compliance with the covenants in the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement, Sagard may require us to repurchase its interests in the Payments at the Put/Call Price. Sagard may also terminate the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement if the Company has not received marketing authorization for Oral Paclitaxel by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer by December 31, 2021.

The Company has evaluated the terms of the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement and concluded that the features of the Product Payment are similar to those of a debt instrument. Accordingly, the Company will account for the transaction as long-term debt. In connection with the ~~debt, the Company granted warrants to Sagard and the IMCO Investors to purchase up to 201,865 shares~~acquisition of its common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share. As a result of the issuance of the additional warrants, the Company evaluated the debt modification in accordance with ASC 470 and concluded that the assigned debt qualified for a partial debt extinguishment of the existing Senior Secured Credit Agreement with Oaktree. Therefore, the Company recorded a loss on partial extinguishment of debt in the amount of $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Company will subsequently measure the transaction pursuant to ASC 835 using the effective interest rate method. The Company has elected to apply the prospective method to address changes in the estimated cash flows.CDE, extend through December 31, 2021.

The Company has operating leases for office and manufacturing facilities in several locations in the U.S., Asia, and Latin America and has three finance leases for manufacturing equipment used in its facilities near Buffalo, NY. The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Operating lease cost		774	$	793		2,300	$	2,365		746	$	755
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets		66		21		164		46		75		34
Interest on lease liabilities		20		7		46		24		24		6
Total net lease cost	$	860	$	821	$	2,510	$	2,435	$	845	$	795

The Company has elected to exclude short-term leases from its operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities. Lease costs for short-term leases were not material to the financial statements for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020. Variable lease costs for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 were not material to the financial statements.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):

	September 30, 2020			March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
Finance leases:
Property and equipment, at cost	$	1,270		$	1,535		$	1,535
Accumulated amortization, net		(273	)		(422	)		(347	)
Property and equipment, net	$	997		$	1,113		$	1,188

Current obligations of finance leases	$	368		$	410		$	445
Long-term portion of finance leases		439			474			537
Total finance lease obligations	$	807		$	884		$	982

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases		4.70			3.96			4.23
Finance leases		3.08			3.06			3.40

Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		12.9	%		12.8	%		12.8	%
Finance leases		9.7	%		10.8	%		10.4	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2021			Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Cash paid for amount included in the measurements of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(2,419	)	$	(979	)	$	(820	)
Operating cash flows from finance leases		(46	)		(24	)		(6	)
Financing cash flows from finance leases		(195	)		(98	)		(47	)

ROU assets derecognized from modification of operating lease obligations		(468	)		—			(468	)
ROU assets recognized in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	-		$	—		$	353

Year ending December 31:	Operating Leases			Finance Leases			Operating Leases			Finance Leases
2020 (remaining three months)	$	706		$	98
2021		2,901			394
2021 (remaining nine months)							$	2,577		$	351
2022		2,622			187			2,918			275
2023		2,096			152			2,096			248
2024		2,002			114			2,002			157
2025								1,472			—
Thereafter		1,950			—			478			—
Total lease payments		12,277			945			11,543			1,031
Less: Imputed interest		(3,143	)		(138	)		(2,550	)		(147	)
Total lease obligations		9,134			807			8,993			884
Less: Current obligations		(2,703	)		(368	)		(3,161	)		(410	)
Long-term lease obligations	$	6,431		$	439		$	5,832		$	474

Pursuant to the public-private partnership agreements with the State of New York, ~~and CQ,~~ the Company will rent the manufacturing facilities in Dunkirk, ~~NY and Chongqing, China, respectively. Both facilities are~~NY. The facility is in the final stage of completion. However, ~~neither~~no lease term had commenced as of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, as ~~neither of the facilities were~~it was not yet operational and the Company could not direct the use of the ~~facilities.~~facility. No lease costs were incurred related to the manufacturing ~~facilities~~facility during the ~~nine-month~~three-month period ended ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021.

On January 5, 2021, Chongqing Sintaho Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“CQ Sintaho”), a subsidiary of the Company in China, entered into a lease agreement with Chongqing International Biological City Development & Investment Co., Ltd (“CQ D&I”). Under the lease agreement, the provisions of which are consistent with those agreed upon in the 2015 Agreement, CQ Sintaho leased the newly constructed API facility, or Sintaho API Facility, of 34,517 square meters rent-free, for the first 10-year term, with an option to extend the lease for an additional 10-year term, during which, if CQ Sintaho is profitable, it will pay a monthly rent of 5 RMB per square meter of space occupied. The Company determined the lease had commenced as of March 31, 2021, as it was operational and CQ Sintaho could direct the use of the facility. The Company also evaluated the probability of exercising the renewal and purchase options, and determined that it is not reasonably certain whether it will exercise those options. Therefore, the lease term is comprised only of the rent-free period and the recognition of the right-of-use asset and liability did not have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company exercises judgment in determining the discount rate used to measure the lease liabilities. When rates are not implicit within an operating lease, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as its discount rate, which is based on yield trends in the biotechnology and healthcare industry and debt instruments held by the Company with stated interest rates. The Company re-assesses its incremental borrowing rate when new leases arise, or existing leases are modified.

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ the Company entered into transactions with individuals and companies that have financial interests in the Company. Related party transactions included the following:

In June 2019, the Company entered into an agreement whereby Avalon would hold a 90% ownership interest and the Company would hold a 10% ownership interest of the newly formed entity under the name Nuwagen Limited (“Nuwagen”), incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong. Nuwagen is principally engaged in the development and commercialization of herbal medicine products for metabolic, endocrine, and other related indications. The Company contributed nonmonetary assets in exchange for the 10% ownership interest. In July 2020, the transaction closed. The activities of Nuwagen were not material to the financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

In September 2020, Axis Therapeutics Limited (“Axis”), a majority-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a collaboration agreement with PharmaEssentia, pursuant to which Axis granted to PharmaEssensia an exclusive, non-transferrable and revocable sublicense of TCR-engineered T Cell therapy for the development of the technology in Taiwan. Axis received license fee of $1.0 million, net of $0.3 million withholding tax, in the fourth quarter of 2020. This amount was recorded as deferred revenue as of March 31, 2021.

The Company has four equity compensation plans, adopted in 2017, 2013, 2007 and 2004 (the “Plans”) which, taken together, authorize the grant of up to 16,000,000 shares of common stock to employees, directors, and consultants. On May 23, 2019, the board of directors approved the amendment and restatement of the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”, which increases the number of shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan by up to 3,500,000 shares, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders. On April 26, 2021, the board of directors approved an amendment to the 2017 Plan, which increases the number of shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 5,000,000 shares, subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of stockholders. The Company also has an employee stock purchase plan, the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), adopted on June 14, 2017, which authorizes the issuance of up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock for future issuances to eligible employees.

The total fair value of stock options vested and recorded as compensation expense during the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019, and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019~~ was ~~$2.5million, $2.0million, $7.0~~$2.2 million and ~~$5.8~~$1.9 million, respectively. As of ~~September 30, 2020, $14.8~~March 31, 2021, $16.5 million of unrecognized cost related to non-vested stock options was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately ~~1.72~~1.8 years. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was approximately ~~$1.1~~$0.2 million and ~~$1.8~~$0.8 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively.

The following table summarizes the status of the Company’s stock option activity granted under the Plans to employees, directors, and consultants (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

	Stock Options			Weighted- Average Exercise price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Stock Options			Weighted- Average Exercise price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		10,916,936		$	8.88		5.68	$	69,785
Outstanding at December 31, 2020											12,496,888		$	9.26		5.42	$	22,463
Granted		1,941,222			11.46		—		—		20,000			11.90		—		—
Exercised		(165,130	)		7.00		—		—		(119,425	)		7.10		—		—
Forfeited and expired		(105,940	)		13.82		—		—		(32,830	)		12.92		—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2020		12,587,088		$	9.26		5.67	$	35,768
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2020		9,102,047		$	7.87		4.50	$	38,485
Outstanding at March 31, 2021											12,364,633		$	9.28		5.20	$	—
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2021											9,504,028		$	8.21		4.28	$	—

The Company determines the fair value of stock-based awards on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is impacted by assumptions regarding several highly subjective variables. The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used as inputs to the Black-Scholes model during the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2021			2020
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	6.93		$	8.04		$	7.40		$	7.32
Expected dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%
Expected stock price volatility		67	%		64	%		68	%		67	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.92	%		2.61	%		1.37	%		0.75	%
Expected life of options (in years)		6.2			6.3			6.3			5.0

~~The Company granted 131,000~~NaN~~restricted stock awards to employees during 2019. NaN~~ restricted stock awards were granted during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020. Stock-based compensation related to the restricted stock awards amounted to ~~$0.2~~less than $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and $1.0million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Stock-based compensation related to the restricted stock awards amounted to $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.~~respectively. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, $0.3million of unrecognized cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately ~~1.5~~1.4 years.

The ESPP is available to eligible employees (as defined in the plan document). Under the ESPP, shares of the Company’s common stock may be purchased at a discount (15%) of the lesser of the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the first trading or the last trading day of the offering period. The current offering period extends from ~~June~~December 1, 2020 to ~~November 30, 2020.~~May 31, 2021. The Company expects to offer six-month offering periods after the current period. The ESPP reserved 1,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the ESPP. Stock-based compensation related to the ESPP amounted to $0.1 million for each of the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and ~~2019, and $0.3~~2020. ~~million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively~~.

The components of stock-based compensation and the amounts recorded within cost of sales, research and development expenses and selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss consisted of the following for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Stock options	$	2,513	$	2,008	$	7,017	$	5,808	$	2,205	$	1,864
Restricted stock expense		178		140		988		140		29		397
Stock grants to officers and employees		—		—		—		1,105
Employee stock purchase plan		169		82		239		250		46		70
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,860	$	2,230	$	8,244	$	7,303	$	2,280	$	2,331
Cost of sales	$	64	$	62	$	173	$	189	$	56	$	54
Research and development expenses		934		746		2,892		2,251		601		946
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		1,862		1,422		5,179		4,863		1,623		1,331
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,860	$	2,230	$	8,244	$	7,303	$	2,280	$	2,331

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to Athenex, Inc. common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares issued, outstanding, and vested during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and common stock equivalents for the period using the treasury-stock method. For the purposes of this calculation, warrants to purchase common stock and stock options are considered common stock equivalents but are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive.

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Stock options and other common stock equivalents		13,039,431		11,634,810		12,400,738		11,004,831		13,899,191		11,347,475
Unvested restricted shares		50,750		49,457		76,750		16,667		22,500		105,000
Total potential dilutive shares		13,090,181		11,684,267		12,477,488		11,021,498		13,921,691		11,452,475

The Company has 3 operating segments, which are organized based mainly on the nature of the business activities performed and regulatory environments in which they operate. The Company also considers the types of products from which the reportable segments derive their revenue (only applicable to 2 reportable segments). Each operating segment has a segment manager who is held accountable for operations and has discrete financial information that is regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker. Consequently, the Company has concluded each operating segment to be a reportable segment. The Company’s operating segments are as follows:

Oncology Innovation ~~Platform~~Platform—— This operating segment performs research and development on certain of the Company’s proprietary drugs, from the preclinical development of its chemical compounds, to the execution and analysis of its several clinical trials. It focuses specifically on Orascovery and Src Kinase Inhibition research platforms, cell therapy programs and ~~TCR-T Immunotherapy and Arginine Deprivation Therapy. This segment operates in the United States, Taiwan, Hong Kong, mainland China, the United Kingdom, and Latin America.~~arginine deprivation therapy.

Global Supply Chain Platform— This operating segment includes APS and Polymed and the construction of the manufacturing facilities in Chongqing, China, and Dunkirk, NY. APS is a manufacturing company that supplies sterile injectable drugs to hospital pharmacies across the ~~United States.~~U.S. APS manufactures products under Section 503B of the Compounding Quality Act within the Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”). Additionally, APS provides products for the development and manufacturing of the Company’s proprietary drug candidates as well as providing the Company with a cGMP analytical services function. Polymed is primarily in the business of marketing and selling API in North America, Europe, and Asia from its locations in Texas and China. Polymed also develops new compounds and processing techniques and is in the final phase of completion of the new API manufacturing facility in Chongqing, China. The 440,000-square-foot facility is expected to commence operations in the fourth quarter of 2020. The Company has an existing API manufacturing facility in Chongqing, China, where operations were suspended as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak in China but resumed producing API primarily for internal use in March 2020 in accordance with local regulatory guidance.

Commercial Platform— This operating segment includes APD and Athenex Oncology, which focus on the manufacturing, distribution, and sales of specialty pharmaceuticals and the pre-launch commercial activities for the Company’s proprietary drugs, respectively. This segment provides services and products to external customers based mainly in the ~~United States.~~U.S.

The Company’s Oncology Innovation Platform segment operates and holds long-lived assets located in the ~~United States,~~U.S., Taiwan, Hong Kong, mainland China, the United Kingdom, and Latin America. The Global Supply Chain Platform segment operates and holds long-lived assets located in the ~~United States~~U.S. and China. The Commercial Platform segment operates and holds long-lived assets located in the ~~United States.~~U.S. For geographic segment reporting, product sales have been attributed to countries based on the location of the customer.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2021			2020
Total revenue:
Oncology Innovation Platform	$	10,440		$	115		$	38,832		$	421		$	20,665		$	28,387
Global Supply Chain Platform		3,808			7,969			12,505			30,714			8,207			3,714
Commercial Platform		21,729			12,006			73,484			38,279			13,259			15,542
Total revenue for reportable segments		35,977			20,090			124,821			69,414			42,131			47,643
Intersegment revenue		(501	)		(726	)		(2,238	)		(2,546	)		(1,106	)		(708	)
Total consolidated revenue	$	35,476		$	19,364		$	122,583		$	66,868		$	41,025		$	46,935

Intersegment revenue eliminated in the above table reflects $0.6 million in sales from the Global Supply Chain Platform to the Commercial Platform and $0.5 million in sales from the Global Supply Chain Platform to the Oncology Innovation Platform (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Total revenue by product group:
License fees									$	20,500	$	28,381
Commercial product sales	$	24,484	$	15,497	$	80,868	$	53,743		18,061		17,502
License fees		10,434		—		38,815		—
API sales		296		3,647		2,547		12,308		1,868		1,022
Contract manufacturing revenue		—		93		79		382		430		23
Other revenue		262		127		274		435		166		7
Total consolidated revenue	$	35,476	$	19,364	$	122,583	$	66,868	$	41,025	$	46,935

Intersegment revenue is recognized by the selling segment when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Upon consolidation, all intersegment revenue and related cost of sales are eliminated from the selling segment’s ledger (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2021			2020
Net loss attributable to Athenex, Inc.:
Oncology Innovation Platform	$	(21,024	)	$	(29,732	)	$	(57,006	)	$	(87,127	)	$	(5,441	)	$	(958	)
Global Supply Chain Platform		(5,249	)		(3,376	)		(16,980	)		(3,829	)		(3,682	)		(5,986	)
Commercial Platform		(10,533	)		(1,650	)		(22,700	)		(11,066	)		(15,927	)		(12,485	)
Total consolidated net loss attributable to Athenex, Inc.	$	(36,806	)	$	(34,758	)	$	(96,686	)	$	(102,022	)	$	(25,050	)	$	(19,429	)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Total depreciation and amortization:
Total assets:
Oncology Innovation Platform	$	201	$	227	$	565	$	626	$	199,741	$	234,153
Global Supply Chain Platform		469		376		1,391		1,012		101,621		99,087
Commercial Platform		416		398		1,251		1,170		48,294		51,089
Total consolidated depreciation and amortization	$	1,086	$	1,001	$	3,207	$	2,808
Total consolidated assets									$	349,656	$	384,329

	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2021		2020
Total property and equipment, net:
United States	$	16,798	$	11,486	$	20,902	$	15,511
China		12,069		11,667		20,876		18,877
Total consolidated property and equipment, net	$	28,867	$	23,153	$	41,778	$	34,388

Customer revenue and accounts receivable concentration amounted to the following for the identified periods. These customers relate to the Commercial Platform segment and the Global Supply Chain Platform segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2021			2020
Percentage of total revenue by customer:
Customer A		27	%		0	%		31	%		0	%		49	%		0	%
Customer B		18	%		0	%		16	%		0	%		11	%		9	%
Customer C		15	%		22	%		9	%		17	%		9	%		11	%
Customer D		12	%		17	%		8	%		20	%		9	%		7	%
Customer E		8	%		17	%		5	%		16	%		0	%		60	%

	September 30,			December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019			2021			2020
Percentage of total accounts receivable by customer:
Customer A		22	%		0	%		36	%		33	%
Customer B		19	%		0	%		30	%		24	%
Customer C		12	%		45	%		10	%		16	%
Customer D		10	%		31	%		0	%		6	%
Customer E		3	%		10	%

The Company records revenue in accordance with ASC, Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Under Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identifies the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identifies the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determines the transaction price; (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizes revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Below is a description of principal activities – separated by reportable segments – from which the Company generates its revenue.

The Company out-licenses certain of its IP to other pharmaceutical companies in specific territories that allow the customer to use, develop, commercialize, or otherwise exploit the licensed IP. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company analyzes the contracts to identify its performance obligations within the contract. Most of the Company’s out-license arrangements contain multiple performance obligations and variable pricing. After the performance obligations are identified, the Company determines the transaction price, which generally includes upfront fees, milestone payments related to the achievement of developmental, regulatory, or commercial goals, and royalty payments on net sales of licensed products. The Company considers whether the transaction price is fixed or variable, and whether such consideration is subject to return. Variable consideration is only included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. If any portion of the transaction price is constrained, it is excluded from the transaction price until the constraint no longer exists. The Company then allocates the transaction price to the performance obligation to which the consideration is related. Where a portion of the transaction price is received and allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of the arrangement, it is recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company’s contracts may contain one or multiple promises, including the license of IP and development services. The licensed IP is capable of being distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the contract and is distinct within the context of the contract, as upon transfer of the IP, the customer is able to use and benefit from it, and the customer could obtain the development services from other parties. The Company also considers the economic and regulatory characteristics of the licensed IP and other promises in the contract to determine if it is a distinct performance obligation. The Company considers if the IP is modified or enhanced by other performance obligations through the life of the agreement and whether the customer is contractually or practically required to use updated IP. The IP licensed by the Company has been determined to be functional IP. The IP is not modified during the license period and therefore, the Company recognizes revenues from any portion of the transaction price allocated to the licensed IP when the license is transferred to the customer and they can benefit from the right to use the IP. For the ~~nine-month~~three-month period ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company recognized license revenue of ~~$37.7~~$20.5 million,~~net~~ of ~~$2.3~~which $20.0 million ~~value added tax (“VAT”) collected on behalf~~was recognized upon the achievement of the ~~counterparty,~~first commercial milestone pursuant to the 2017 Almirall out-license arrangement upon the launch of Klisyri in the U.S., and $0.5 million was recognized for an upfront fee upon transferring ~~certain~~ IP to the ~~customer.The~~customer upon execution of the second amendment to the 2011 PharmaEssentia license agreement. Under the collaboration agreement between Axis Therapeutics and PharmaEssentia, the Company ~~recognized $9.4~~received $1.0 million, ~~in license revenue,~~ net of ~~$0.6~~$0.3 million ~~value added~~withholding tax, ~~(“VAT”), and $1.0 million in~~of upfront fees allocated to its performance obligation to deliver functional IP to the Customer. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had not satisfied this performance obligation by delivering the license ~~revenue from two of~~with the ~~Company’s out-license arrangements~~data necessary for the ~~three months ended September 30, 2020.NaN license revenue~~customer to benefit from the right to use the IP and, therefore, the amount was ~~recognized for the same three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019.~~recorded as deferred revenue.

Other performance obligations included in most of the Company’s out-licensing agreements include performing development services to reach clinical and regulatory milestone events. The Company satisfies these performance obligations at a point-in-time, because the customer does not simultaneously receive and consume the benefits as the development occurs, the development does not create or enhance an asset controlled by the customer, and the development does not create an asset with no alternative use. The Company considers milestone payments to be variable consideration measured using the most likely amount method, as the entitlement to the consideration is contingent on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of future events. The Company allocates each variable milestone payment to the associated milestone performance obligation, as the variable payment relates directly to the Company’s efforts to satisfy the performance obligation and such allocation depicts the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled for satisfying the corresponding performance obligation. The Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such performance obligations and any related constraint and adjusts its estimate of the transaction price as appropriate. To date, no amounts have been constrained in the initial or subsequent assessments of the transaction price. The Company did 0t recognize revenue from other performance obligations included in the Company’s out-licensing agreements during the three month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Certain out-license agreements include performance obligations to manufacture and provide drug product in the future for commercial sale when the licensed product is approved. For the commercial, sales-based royalties, the consideration is predominantly related to the licensed IP and is contingent on the customer’s subsequent sales to another commercial customer. Consequently, the sales- or usage-based royalty exception would apply. Revenue will be recognized for the commercial, sales-based milestones as the underlying sales occur.

The Company exercises significant judgment when identifying distinct performance obligations within its out-license arrangements, determining the transaction price, which often includes both fixed and variable considerations, and allocating the transaction price to the proper performance obligation. The Company did not use any other significant judgments related to out-licensing revenue during the ~~three and nine-month~~three-month periods ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~.

The Company’s Global Supply Chain Platform manufactures API for use internally in its research and development activities as well as its clinical studies, and for sale to pharmaceutical customers globally. The Company generates additional revenue on this platform, by providing small to mid-scale cGMP manufacturing of clinical and commercial products for pharmaceutical and biotech companies and selling pharmaceutical products under 503B regulations set forth by the U.S. FDA.

Revenue earned by the Global Supply Platform is recognized when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation, which is the shipment or the delivery of drug products. The underlying contracts for these sales are generally purchase orders and the Company recognizes revenue at a point-in-time. Any remaining performance obligations related to product sales are the result of customer deposits and are reflected in the deferred revenue contract liability balance.

The Company’s Commercial Platform generates revenue by distributing specialty products through independent pharmaceutical wholesalers. The wholesalers then sell to an end-user, normally a hospital, alternative healthcare facility, or an independent pharmacy, at a lower price previously established by the end-user and the Company. Upon the sale by the wholesaler to the end-user, the wholesaler will chargeback the difference, if any, between the original list price and price at which the product was sold to the end-user. The Company also offers cash discounts, which approximate 2.3% of the gross sales price, as an incentive for prompt customer payment, and, consistent with industry practice, the Company’s return policy permits customers to return products within a window of time before and after the expiration of product dating. Further, the Company offers contractual allowances, generally in the form of rebates or administrative fees, to certain wholesale customers, group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”), and end-user customers, consistent with pharmaceutical industry practices. Revenues are recorded net of provisions for variable consideration, including discounts, rebates, GPO allowances, price adjustments, returns, chargebacks, promotional programs and other sales allowances. Accruals for these provisions are presented in the consolidated financial statements as reductions in determining net sales and as a contra asset in accounts receivable, net (if settled via credit) and other current liabilities (if paid in cash). As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company’s total provision for chargebacks and other deductions included as a reduction of accounts receivable totaled ~~$13.5~~$17.3 million and ~~$14.4~~$12.6 million, respectively. The Company’s total provision for chargebacks and other revenue deductions was ~~$21.3~~$25.6 million, and ~~$20.4~~$24.9 million for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021, and 2020, ~~and 2019, respectively, and $66.4 million, and $59.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.~~respectively.

The Company exercises significant judgment in its estimates of the variable transaction price at the time of the sale and recognizes revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. Factors that determine the final net transaction price include chargebacks, fees for service, cash discounts, rebates, returns, warranties, and other factors. The Company estimates all of these variables based on historical data obtained from previous sales finalized with the end-user customer on a product-by-product basis. At the time of sale, revenue is recorded net of each of these deductions. Through the normal course of business, the wholesaler will sell the product to the end-user, determining the actual chargeback, return products, and take advantage of cash discounts, charge fees for services, and claim warranties on products. The final transaction price per product is compared to the initial estimated net sale price and reviewed for accuracy. The final prices and other factors are immediately included in the Company’s historical data from which it will estimate the transaction price for future sales. The underlying contracts for these sales are generally purchase orders including a single performance obligation, generally the shipment or delivery of products and the Company recognizes this revenue at a point-in-time.

The following represents the Company’s revenue for its reportable segment by country, based on the locations of the customer.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020								For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	(In Thousands)								(In Thousands)
	Oncology Innovation Platform		Global Supply Chain Platform		Commercial Platform		Consolidated Total		Oncology Innovation Platform		Global Supply Chain Platform		Commercial Platform		Consolidated Total
United States	$	—	$	2,751	$	15,372	$	18,123	$	20,157	$	5,229	$	13,259	$	38,645
China		10,440		523		—		10,963		8		197		—		205
United Kingdom		—		—		6,357		6,357
Other foreign countries		—		33		—		33		500		1,675		—		2,175
Total revenue	$	10,440	$	3,307	$	21,729	$	35,476	$	20,665	$	7,101	$	13,259	$	41,025

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019								For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	(In Thousands)								(In Thousands)
	Oncology Innovation Platform		Global Supply Chain Platform		Commercial Platform		Consolidated Total		Oncology Innovation Platform		Global Supply Chain Platform		Commercial Platform		Consolidated Total
China									$	28,308	$	205	$	—	$	28,513
United States	$	—	$	3,618	$	12,006	$	15,624		—		1,980		15,542		17,522
India		—		1,684		—		1,684
China		115		448		—		563
South Korea		—		513		—		513
Austria		—		476		—		476
Germany		—		398		—		398
Other foreign countries		—		106		—		106		79		821		—		900
Total revenue	$	115	$	7,243	$	12,006	$	19,364	$	28,387	$	3,006	$	15,542	$	46,935

The Company also disaggregates its revenue by product group which can be found in Note 1413 – Business Segment, Geographic, and Concentration Risk Information.

The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. The Company has not recorded any contract assets from contracts with customers.

	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
	(In Thousands)						(In Thousands)
Accounts receivable, gross	$	57,452		$	31,207		$	46,935		$	45,792
Chargebacks and other deductions		(13,500	)		(14,394	)		(17,264	)		(12,552	)
Provision for credit losses		(959	)		(124	)		(9,482	)		(9,637	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	42,993		$	16,689		$	20,189		$	23,603
Deferred revenue		328			218			1,289			1,147
Total contract liabilities	$	328		$	218		$	1,289		$	1,147

The following tables illustrate accounts receivable and contract asset balances by reportable segments.

	September 30, 2020											March 31, 2021
	(In Thousands)											(In Thousands)
	Oncology Innovation Platform		Global Supply Chain Platform			Commercial Platform			Consolidated Total			Oncology Innovation Platform			Global Supply Chain Platform			Commercial Platform			Consolidated Total
Accounts receivable, gross	$	22,112	$	1,432		$	33,908		$	57,452		$	9,167		$	3,589		$	34,179		$	46,935
Chargebacks and other deductions		—		(1	)		(13,499	)		(13,500	)		—			—			(17,264	)		(17,264	)
Provision for credit losses		—		(167	)		(792	)		(959	)		(8,919	)		(138	)		(425	)		(9,482	)
Accounts receivable, net		22,112		1,264			19,617			42,993			248			3,451			16,490			20,189

	December 31, 2019											December 31, 2020
	(In Thousands)											(In Thousands)
	Oncology Innovation Platform		Global Supply Chain Platform			Commercial Platform			Consolidated Total			Oncology Innovation Platform			Global Supply Chain Platform			Commercial Platform			Consolidated Total
Accounts receivable, gross	$	49	$	1,522		$	29,636		$	31,207		$	10,783		$	4,074		$	30,935		$	45,792
Chargebacks and other deductions		—		(1	)		(14,393	)		(14,394	)		—			(1	)		(12,551	)		(12,552	)
Provision for credit losses		—		(114	)		(10	)		(124	)		(8,919	)		(164	)		(554	)		(9,637	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	49	$	1,407		$	15,233		$	16,689		$	1,864		$	3,909		$	17,830		$	23,603

As of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the deferred revenue balances relate to customer deposits made by customers of the Oncology Innovation Platform and Global Supply Chain Platform and are included within accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance ~~sheet.~~sheets.

There were no other material changes to contract balances during the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021.

Future minimum payments under the non-cancelable operating leases consists of the following as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 (in thousands):

Year ending December 31:	Minimum payments		Minimum payments
2020 (remaining three months)	$	706
2021		2,901
2021 (remaining nine months)			$	2,577
2022		2,622		2,918
2023		2,096		2,096
2024		2,002		2,002
2025				1,472
Thereafter		1,950		478
	$	12,277	$	11,543

~~From time to time,~~Following our receipt of the CRL in February 2021 and the subsequent decline of the market price of the Company’s common stock, 2 purported securities class action lawsuits were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York on March 3, 2021 and March 22, 2021, respectively, against the Company ~~may become subject~~and certain members of its management team seeking to ~~other legal proceedings, claims~~recover damages for alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and ~~litigation arising~~20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

The complaints generally allege that between August 7, 2019 and February 26, 2021 (the purported class period), the Company and the individual defendants made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company's business in connection with the Company’s development of Oral Paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and the likelihood of FDA approval, and that the plaintiffs suffered losses when the Company’s stock price dropped after its announcement on February 26, 2021 regarding receipt of the CRL. The complaints seek class certification, damages, fees, costs, and expenses. The defendants expect that these two lawsuits will be consolidated and a lead plaintiff appointed in the ~~ordinary course of business. In addition,~~coming months. Additional similar lawsuits might be filed. The Company and the individual defendants believe that the claims in these lawsuits are without merit, and the Company ~~may receive letters alleging infringement~~has 0t recorded a liability related to this shareholder class action lawsuit as the risk of ~~patent or other intellectual property rights.~~loss is remote. The Company and the individual defendants intend to vigorously defend against these claims but there can be no assurances as to the outcome.

On May 4, 2021, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Kuur Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Kuur”). Kuur is ~~not currently~~ a ~~party~~leading developer of off-the-shelf CAR-NKT cell immunotherapies for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. Pursuant to ~~any material legal proceedings, nor is it aware~~the terms of ~~any pending or threatened litigation that,~~the Merger Agreement, the Company will pay $70.0 million upfront to Kuur shareholders and its former employees and directors, comprised primarily of equity in the Company’s ~~opinion, would have~~common stock. Additionally, Kuur shareholders and its former employees and directors are eligible to receive up to $115.0 million of milestone payments, which may be paid, at the Company’s sole discretion, in either cash or additional common stock of the Company (or a ~~material adverse~~combination of both). The Company believes the acquisition strategically combines its TCR program with the groundbreaking NKT cell platform to provide a solution that may address some of the known limitations associated with the first generation of cell therapy treatments focused on autologous CAR-T. Due to the recency of the Merger Agreement, the Company has not yet completed its assessment of the fair value of the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and the contingent considerations. The Company will account for this in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, and its evaluation the effect on its consolidated financial statements during the ~~business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition should such litigation be resolved unfavorably.~~second quarter of 2021.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion contains management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and should be read together with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this Quarterly Report, the terms “Athenex,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Athenex, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, unless otherwise noted. This discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those ~~identified below and those~~ discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,~~ 2020.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of this Quarterly Report. These forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, potential market size, potential growth opportunities, the timing and results of clinical trials, the impact of COVID-19 on our business, and potential regulatory approval and commercialization of product candidates. In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by terminology such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “predict,” “goal,” “strategy,” “potentially,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “expect,” “seek” and similar expressions and variations thereof. These words are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for~~ the ~~quarter ended June 30, 2020.~~additional risk factors described herein. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date hereof to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

We are a ~~global~~ biopharmaceutical company dedicated to becoming a leader in the discovery, development and commercialization of next generation drugs for the treatment of cancer. Our mission is to improve the lives of cancer patients by creating more effective, safer and tolerable treatments. We have assembled a strong and experienced leadership team and have established ~~global~~ operations across the pharmaceutical value chain to execute our goal of becoming a global leader in bringing innovative cancer treatments to the market and improving health outcomes.

We are organized around three operating segments: (1) our Oncology Innovation Platform, dedicated to the research and development of our proprietary drugs; (2) our Commercial Platform, focused on the sales and marketing of our specialty drugs and the market development of our proprietary drugs; and (3) our Global Supply Chain Platform, dedicated to providing a stable and efficient supply of APIs for our clinical and commercial efforts. Our current clinical pipeline in the Oncology Innovation Platform is derived from four different proprietary technologies: (1) Orascovery, based on a P-glycoprotein (“P-gp”) pump inhibitor, (2) Src Kinase Inhibition, (3) ~~T-cell receptor-engineered T-cells (“TCR-T”) immunotherapy,~~Cell Therapy, and (4) Arginine Deprivation Therapy.

~~Significant developments~~On May 4, 2021, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Kuur Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Kuur”). Kuur is a leading developer of off-the-shelf CAR-NKT cell immunotherapies for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, we will pay $70.0 million upfront to Kuur shareholders and its former employees and directors, comprised primarily of equity in the Company’s common stock. Additionally, Kuur shareholders and its former employees and directors are eligible to receive up to $115.0 million of milestone payments, which may be paid, at the Company’s sole discretion, in either cash or additional common stock of the Company (or a combination of both). We believe the acquisition strategically combines our ~~Orascovery~~TCR program with the groundbreaking NKT cell platform ~~include~~to provide a solution that may address some of the ~~following~~:known limitations associated with the first generation of cell therapy treatments focused on autologous CAR-T.

On ~~September 8,~~December 15, 2020, we ~~and Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative (“Quantum Leap”) jointly~~ announced that the ~~launch~~FDA has approved Klisyri® (tirbanibulin) for the topical treatment of ~~two new study arms~~actinic keratosis (AK) on the face or scalp. Klisyri® is our first FDA approved branded proprietary product, manufactured by us, highlighting the vertically integrated capabilities of the ~~I-SPY 2 TRIAL~~Company ranging from a preclinical lead to ~~evaluate oral paclitaxel~~a developed product for market launch. The Phase III trials evaluated the efficacy and ~~encequidar (“Oral Paclitaxel,” formerly known as Oraxol)~~safety of tirbanibulin ointment 1% (10 mg/g) in ~~combination~~adults with ~~GlaxoSmithKline’s (“GSK”) dostarlimab, an investigational antibody binding PD-1,~~actinic keratosis on the face or scalp and included 702 patients across 62 sites in the ~~neoadjuvant chemotherapy setting, targeting stage 2/3 HER2+~~United States. Enrollment of patients was controlled to achieve a 2:1 ratio of facial: scalp treatment areas. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive tirbanibulin ointment or vehicle ointment, which was self-administered to a contiguous treatment area of 25cm2 on the face or scalp containing 4-8 typical AK lesions once daily for five consecutive days. Both Phase III trials, KX01-AK-003 and ~~HER2- breast cancers. The I-SPY~~KX01-AK-004, met the primary endpoint, which was defined as 100% clearance of AK lesions at Day 57 within the face or scalp treatment areas, each trial achieving a highly statistically significant result (p<0.0001). In KX01-AK-003, complete clearance was observed in 44% of the patients treated with tirbanibulin versus 5% for those treated with vehicle, and in KX01-AK-004, complete clearance was observed in 54% of the patients treated with tirbanibulin versus 13% for vehicle. Furthermore, tirbanibulin also achieved the secondary endpoint of partial (≥75%) clearance of lesions in each trial (68% of patients receiving tirbanibulin versus 16% receiving vehicle in KX01-AK-003, and 76% versus 20% respectively in KX01-AK-004). Both results were again highly statistically significant (p<0.0001). In both trials, patient-reported adverse events were mostly transient mild application-site pruritus and application-site pain. No patients experienced a serious adverse event or discontinuation due to tirbanibulin or vehicle in either clinical trial. Signs of local skin reactions assessed by investigators were mostly mild to moderate erythema, flaking or scaling that peaked at day 8 (maximum mean composite local skin reaction score ≤4.3 out of 18 across both trials) and resolved spontaneously in about 2 ~~TRIAL, sponsored~~weeks.

Klisyri® was launched in the U.S., led by ~~Quantum Leap, is~~our partner Almirall S.A. (“Almirall”) on February 18, 2021, which resulted in a ~~standing Phase 2 randomized, controlled, multicenter platform with a Bayesian adaptive randomization design aimed~~milestone payment of $20.0 million pursuant to ~~rapidly screen~~the license agreement. Almirall will employ its expertise to support the development of tirbanibulin in Europe and ~~identify promising new treatments~~Almirall will also commercialize the product in specific subgroups of adults with newly-diagnosed, high-risk (high likelihood of recurrence), locally-advanced breast cancer that is either Stage II or Stage III. GSK will provide dostarlimab. We will provide Oral Paclitaxel. Quantum Leap will be responsible for running the trial.European countries, including Russia, if approved in those jurisdictions.

OnIn September 1, 2020, we announced that the U.S. FDA ~~has~~ accepted for filing our ~~New Drug Application (NDA)~~NDA for Oral Paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (“MBC”) and has granted the application Priority Review. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA), the FDA ~~has~~ set a target action date of February 28, 2021. ~~We had announced topline results in August 2019 for our Phase 3 study of Oral Paclitaxel for~~In February 2021, we received a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”) from the ~~treatment of MBC and presented further data of the Phase 3 study in an oral presentation at the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium in December 2019. Results demonstrated that the study met~~FDA regarding its primary endpoint showing statistically significant improvement in overall response rate for Oral Paclitaxel compared to intravenous (“IV”) paclitaxel and neuropathy was less frequent with Oral Paclitaxel compared to IV paclitaxel. In addition, ongoing analysis of secondary endpoints of survival showed a strong trend favoring Oral Paclitaxel. In particular, Oral Paclitaxel showed a statistically significant improvement in overall survival compared to IV paclitaxel in the prespecified modified intention-to-treat population.

On May 29, 2020, we presented interim data from an ongoing Phase II clinical trial in which Oral Paclitaxel monotherapy showed encouraging efficacy and tolerability in elderly patients with unresectable cutaneous angiosarcoma, an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. The interim results were presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2020 (ASCO20) Virtual Scientific Program, held from May 29 to 31, 2020, and reflected data from 22 evaluable patients out of 26 enrolled patients (16 males and 10 females, median age 75 years (range: 49-93 years)).The interim data showed a clinical benefit rate (CR+PR+SD) of 100% in 22 evaluable patients receiving Oral Paclitaxel treatment, who reached their first post treatment efficacy evaluation. All 22 patients experienced a reduction in tumor size. Complete responses (CR) were observed in 27.3% of patients (6/22), partial responses (PR) were observed in 22.7% of patients (5/22), and stable disease was observed in 50% of patients (11/22). Oral Paclitaxel has been generally well tolerated in this predominantly elderly population. In April 2018, FDA granted an Orphan Drug DesignationNDA for Oral Paclitaxel for the treatment of ~~angiosarcoma,~~metastatic breast cancer. The FDA issues a CRL to indicate that the review cycle for an application is complete and that the application is not ready for approval in its present form. In the CRL, the FDA indicated its concern of safety risk to patients in terms of an increase in neutropenia-related sequelae on the Oral Paclitaxel arm compared with the IV paclitaxel arm in the Phase III study. The FDA also ~~received Orphan Designations from~~expressed concerns regarding the ~~European Commission for~~uncertainty over the ~~treatment~~results of ~~soft tissue sarcoma~~the primary endpoint of objective response rate (ORR) at week 19 conducted by blinded independent central review (BICR). The agency stated that the BICR reconciliation and re-read process may have introduced unmeasured bias and influence on the BICR. The agency recommended that we conduct a new adequate and well-conducted clinical trial in ~~October 2019.~~a patient population with metastatic breast cancer representative of the population in the U.S. The agency determined that additional risk mitigation strategies to improve toxicity, which may involve dose optimization and / or exclusion of patients deemed to be at higher risk of toxicity, are required to support potential approval of the NDA. We plan to request a meeting with the FDA to discuss the FDA’s response, engage in a dialogue on the design and scope of a clinical trial to address the agency’s requirements, and align on the next steps required to obtain approval. Our ability to potentially commercialize Oral Paclitaxel, and the timing of potential commercialization, is dependent on the discussion with the agency, our resubmission of its NDA, ultimate FDA approval, and potentially additional capital.

We are also evaluating Oral Paclitaxel in combination with other therapies, including anti-VEGF and anti-PD-1 therapies. We are studying Oral Paclitaxel with ramucirumab in a Phase 1b study in patients with advanced gastric cancer who failed previous chemotherapy. ~~We presented~~ ~~results~~ ~~from the study at the 2019 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress on the first three patient cohorts and are continuing to advance in the expansion phase of the study.~~ Our Phase 1/2 study of Oral Paclitaxel in combination with pembrolizumab, or Keytruda, in patients with advanced solid malignancies is ongoing.

In addition to our lead product candidate, development of our other Orascovery product candidates is ongoing. We presented preliminary results with respect to our Phase 1 study of oral irinotecan and encequidar (“Oral Irinotecan”) at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting in May 2019 (“2019 ASCO Annual Meeting”). We are planning Phase 2 studies for both oral irinotecan and encequidar (“Oral Irinotecan”) and oral docetaxel and encequidar (“Oral Docetaxel”). A Phase 1 study of oral eribulin and encequidar (“Oral Eribulin”) in patients with solid tumors is ongoing.

If approved, we intend to establish Oral Paclitaxel as the chemotherapy of choice for patients receiving chemotherapy for MBC, although we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining the FDA’s approval to commercialize Oral Paclitaxel. We intend to explore establishing Oral Paclitaxel in other oncology indications where we believe taxanes will continue to be a foundational treatment and continue to explore combination therapies. Our strategy is to develop and, if we receive approval from the FDA, commercialize Oral Paclitaxel in the U.S. through our Commercial Platform. We also plan to evaluate marketing options outside of the U.S., including using our internal resources, partnering with others, or out-licensing the product. For the remainder of the year, we intend to continue to focus on:

~~We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining the FDA’s approval to commercialize Oral Paclitaxel.~~

On June 13, 2020, Athenex Oncology, one of our U.S. based divisions, launched Facing MBC Together – a public education and patient support campaign that addresses isolation for people living with MBC. In addition to providing a unique digital resource that enables the provision of practical and emotional support to individuals with MBC, the campaign highlights the stories of nine people of diverse ages and backgrounds who share their insights about the challenges they face, their sources of support, and words of encouragement for others living with this advanced form of breast cancer. On October 9, 2020, Athenex Oncology launched ~~Your Guide to Facing Metastatic Breast Cancer, a free, first-of-its-kind resource offering comprehensive lifestyle guidance to people living with MBC.~~

~~Significant developments in our Src Kinase Inhibition platform include the following:~~

In March 2020, we announced that the FDA had completed its filing review and determined that our NDA for tirbanibulin ointment (formerly known as KX2-391 or KX-01 ointment) for the treatment of actinic keratosis (“AK”) is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. Under the PDUFA, the FDA has set a target action date of December 30, 2020. Additionally, the FDA has communicated that it is not currently planning on holding an advisory committee to discuss the application.In March 2020, our partner Almirall S.A. (“Almirall”) also announced that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) accepted the filing of a European marketing authorization for tirbanibulin ointment for the treatment of AK.

We completed two Phase 3 studies for tirbanibulin ointment in the treatment of AK and presented topline results from the two Phase 3 studies in a late breaker session at the 2019 annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). The results showed that both studies achieved their primary endpoint with 44% and 54% of patients in studies KX01-AK-003 and KX01-AK-004, respectively, achieving 100% AK lesion clearance at Day 57 within the face or scalp treatment areas. There was a statistically significant greater clearance rate in favor of tirbanibulin ointment 1% versus vehicle in each study and in each of the pre-defined patient subgroups. Safety results showed that tirbanibulin ointment was well tolerated. In October 2019, we announced a progress update for tirbanibulin ointment in the treatment of AK from our partner Almirall S.A. (“Almirall”), with whom we are collaborating for the development and commercialization of tirbanibulin in the U.S. and Europe.

~~The development of our other Src Kinase programs/product candidates is ongoing.~~

The other technologies in our Oncology Innovation Platform are our TCR-T immunotherapy technology under which we are advancing TCR affinity-enhancing specific T-cell (TAEST) therapy with our first T cell therapy product, TCRT-ESO-A2, and our Arginine ~~Deprivation~~deprivation therapy technology under which we are advancing ~~PT01, also known as Pegtomarginase.~~PT01.

In September 2020, we announced that the FDA allowed our Investigational New Drug (IND) application for TCRT-ESO-A2, an autologous T cell receptor (TCR)-T cell therapy targeting solid tumors that are NY-ESO-1 positive in HLA-A*02:01 positive patients. TCRT-ESO-A2 is being developed by Axis Therapeutics Limited, a joint venture between Athenex and Xiangxue Life Sciences Limited (“XLifeSc"). We plan to initiate a Phase 1 trial in 1H 2021. TCRT-ESO-A2 is similar to TAEST16001, an autologous cell-based therapy being developed simultaneously by XLifeSc for clinical application in China in that both therapies express the same affinity-enhanced TCR.

~~In June 2019, the FDA allowed our IND application for the clinical investigation of~~ PT01 ~~for the treatment of patients with advanced malignancies. The compound~~ targets cancer growth and survival by removing the supply of arginine to cancers that have a disrupted urea cycle. ~~Also in June 2019 we presented preclinical study results~~The FDA allowed our IND application for the clinical investigation of PT01 for the treatment of patients with advanced malignancies in ~~a poster session at the 2019 ASCO Annual Meeting. The biologic agent demonstrated high enzymatic activity, predictable pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profiles, and cytotoxicity~~2019. We plan to initiate first human exposure in vitro. Mouse xenograft models showed good tumor growth inhibition activity at tolerable doses with only transient weight loss during therapy. We are currently planning a Phase 1 clinical study for PT01.2021.

~~Recent business updates~~ ~~and~~ COVID-19 related measures and recent business updates

Since early 2020, after monitoring developments related to the spread of COVID-19, we have undertaken a number of measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a goal to prioritize the health and safety of our employees and ensure continuity in our business. These measures included implementing a work-from-home policy at various times and other efforts in accordance with recommendations by local authorities for certain of our personnel across the globe as well as imposing restrictions on travel and in-person meetings to protect the health and safety of our workforce while we continue to advance our clinical programs and operations. We have continued to add additional safety procedures and tools in all our locations. We adhere to all ~~State~~state and ~~Federal~~federal requirements as the same may be in force from time to time. ~~While our operations in China were disrupted from late January to early March due to the COVID-19 pandemic, during March our Chinese operations returned to normal operation.~~

We have been deemed an “essential business” by New York State and, as a result, we have experienced minimal disruptions at our New York-based operations in Clarence and Buffalo. Despite these efforts, we may from time to time experience additional disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic resulting from employees falling ill with COVID-19. We have supplied our employees with face coverings and other necessary personal protective equipment and have taken other measures to reduce the risk of the spread of COVID-19 at our work sites. Currently, construction at our Dunkirk facility is proceeding according to schedule and our recently constructed API plant in Chongqing also remains on schedule to commence operations by the end of 2020. We are actively monitoring our operations and supply chain across the globe and are making adjustments to respond to logistical challenges that arise due to the COVID-19 pandemic where appropriate. ~~Further, we~~We have ~~opened up our production facilities~~continued to produce medicines that are used to treat COVID-19 as part of our commitment to contribute to the COVID-19 relief effort.

With respect to our clinical development program, ~~our anticipated timelines for our later-stage product candidates remain largely unaffected by COVID-19. However,~~ for our earlier stage product candidates, ~~in line with the industry overall,~~ we have experienced and expect to continue to experience slowed enrollment for our clinical trials as well as suspensions in our clinical trials as healthcare resources are diverted to address the COVID-19 pandemic. We remain committed to advancing our pipeline while ensuring the safety of all participants as well as the integrity of the ~~data and~~data. We will continue to monitor developments with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as industry and regulatory best practices for continuing clinical development programs during the pandemic, including, if and where appropriate, the use of virtual communications, interviews and visits as well as self-administration and remote monitoring techniques to address health and safety concerns while minimizing disruptions and delays to our clinical development timelines.

We also put in place a number of measures intended to ~~adjust/~~adjust or allocate resources towards prioritizing key business operations such as clinical and regulatory activities for later-stage product candidates and pre-launch commercial activities, and to delay or defray compensation costs in order to preserve our cash on hand and liquidity during a volatile period in the U.S. and global capital markets.

On March 31, 2020, we entered into a letter agreement with Xiangxue to amend certain provisions of the license agreement entered into with Xiangxue in December 2019 (the “2019 Xiangxue License Agreement”). On June 30, 2020, we entered into a second supplemental agreement to amend certain provisions of the 2019 Xiangxue License Agreement to facilitate our receipt of payment from Xiangxue, providing, among other things, that notwithstanding the provisions of the 2019 Xiangxue License Agreement to the contrary, Xiangxue shall be entitled to make the USD $30 million upfront payment in Chinese Renminbi to Chongqing Taihao Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (“Taihao”), our wholly owned subsidiary in China, and we would bear the responsibility for indirect taxes in connection with license payments made under the 2019 Xiangxue License Agreement rather than Xiangxue.

In order to strengthen our short-term liquidity and to ensure financial flexibility, on June 19, 2020, we entered into a senior secured loan agreement and related security agreements Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (collectively, “Oaktree”) to borrow up to $225.0 million in five tranches with a maturity date of June 19, 2026, bearing interest at a fixed annual rate of 11.0%. The first and second tranches of $125.0 million were funded, with a portion of the upfront loan proceeds being used to repay in full our existing credit facility with Perceptive Advisors LLC and its affiliates (“Perceptive”). Additional debt tranches of $100.0 million in aggregate are available, subject to our achievement of certain regulatory and commercial milestones (see ~~Liquidity and Capital Resources~~ -~~Recent Debt Financings - Oaktree Facility~~). ~~In connection with our entry into the~~ ~~Senior Credit Agreement~~, we granted warrants to Oaktree to purchase up to an aggregate of 908,393 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share and entered into a registration rights agreement with Oaktree on June 19, 2020, pursuant to which, among other things, we agreed to register for resale the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. On August 6, 2020, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-241665) registering for resale the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants.

On August 4, 2020, we entered into a Revenue Interest Financing Agreement with Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners, LP (“Sagard”), pursuant to which Sagard has agreed to pay us $50.0 million (the “Product Payment”) to provide funding for our development and commercialization of Oral Paclitaxel upon receipt of marketing authorization for Oral Paclitaxel by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In exchange for the Product Payment, we have agreed to make payments to Sagard equal to 5.0% of our world-wide net sales of Oral Paclitaxel, subject to a hard cap equal to the lesser of 170% of the Product Payment and the Put/Call Price set forth in the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement (the “Hard Cap”). We are required to make certain additional payments to Sagard to the extent Sagard has not received Payments equaling at least $20.0 million by September 30, 2024 and at least $50.0 million by August 4, 2026, in the amount of the applicable shortfall, and, subject to the Hard Cap, if Sagard has not received payments equaling at least $85.0 million by the tenth anniversary of the date the Product Payment is funded, in an amount such that Sagard will have obtained a 6.0% internal rate of return on the Product Payment (see ~~Note 10 - Debt and Lease Obligations~~).

~~Sagard and~~ ~~its co-investors OPB SHRP Co-Invest Credit Limited and SIMCOE SHRP Co-Invest Credit Ltd. (the “IMCO Investors”)~~ also acquired by assignment (the “Assignment”) term loans and commitments equal to $50.0 million under the Senior Credit Agreement. In connection with the Assignment, we granted warrants to Sagard and the IMCO Investors to purchase up to an aggregate of 201,865 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share. As a result of the issuance of the additional warrants, we evaluated the debt modification in accordance with ASC 470 and concluded that the assigned debt qualified for a partial debt extinguishment of the existing Senior Secured Credit Agreement with Oaktree. Therefore, we recorded a loss on partial extinguishment of debt in the amount of $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

In September 2020, we completed an underwritten follow-on public offering in which we sold 11,500,000 shares of our common stock, including 1,500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $11.00 per share and received net proceeds of $118.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $7.9 million.

As a result of the dramatic change in the macroeconomic environment since we last performed a goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2019, we evaluated as of March 2020, in accordance with ASC 350 - Goodwill and Other and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360 - Property, Plant, and Equipment, whether the economic impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic constitute triggering events requiring impairment or recoverability analysis to be performed. We considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on each of the reporting units and asset groups. Further, we assessed our current market capitalization, forecasts and the amount of excess fair value above book value as calculated in our 2019 impairment test. We determined that no assets were impaired. Despite challenges to our operating environment, net revenues for the second and third quarters of 2020 were strong. Based on the qualitative assessment, we determined that it was more likely than not that the estimated fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective estimated carrying value, and that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the end of the third quarter of 2020 was not a triggering event to perform a quantitative test.

However, a lack of sustained recovery or further deterioration in market conditions related to the general economy and the industries in which we operate, a sustained trend of weaker than anticipated financial performance, further decline in our share price for a sustained period of time, or an increase in the market-based weighted average cost of capital, among other factors, could significantly impact the impairment analysis and may result in future impairment charges that, if incurred, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

While the disruptions to our business caused by the pandemic are currently expected to be temporary, there is still uncertainty regarding the pandemic's overall duration and the severity of any future outbreaks. The recent surge of COVID-19 ~~has impacted,~~cases in India, a country where we source supplies and ~~we expect~~maintain partnerships that are key to our specialty drug business, including API, presents business and supply chain disruption risks for us to the extent the virus is not able to be contained, there is widespread sickness and disruptions on operations and also in the event state governments in India impose additional lockdowns, restrictions on the operations of businesses and other containment measures to combat the spread of the virus. The scope and impact of any such measures is not yet known and will ~~continue~~depend on a number of factors, including the ultimate spread and severity of the outbreaks in India and the scope, duration and impact of containment measures on individuals and businesses. If our partners in India experience significant or extended disruptions to ~~impact,~~their business due to COVID-19, it could result in substantial supply shortages and harm our special drug business, as well as our overall financial condition and results of ~~operations, financial position,~~operations.

As a result of the significant decrease in our market capitalization since we last performed a goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2020, we evaluated the impact on each of its reporting units to assess whether there was a triggering event during the first quarter of 2021, requiring it to perform a goodwill impairment test (ASC350-20-35). We determined a triggering event occurred and, ~~liquidity.~~

~~Financial Summary~~as such, performed an interim goodwill quantitative impairment test for our reporting units. We compared the fair value of our Global Supply Chain Platform and ~~Outlook~~Oncology Innovation Platform reporting units to carrying value. Based on the results, the fair value of each of our reporting units exceeded their carrying value, and the goodwill was not impaired (see Note 5 Intangible Assets, Net). However, there can be no assurances that goodwill will not be impaired in future periods. Estimating the fair value of goodwill requires the use of estimates and significant judgments that are based on a number of factors. These estimates and judgments may not be within our control and accordingly it is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates could change in future periods.

We have three operating segments: our Oncology Innovation Platform, Global Supply Chain Platform and Commercial Platform. Since inception, we have devoted a substantial amount of our resources to research and development of our lead product candidates under our Orascovery, Src Kinase Inhibition research platforms, and TCR-T Immunotherapy and Arginine Deprivation ~~Therapy.~~Therapy, and to buildup of our commercial infrastructure. We have incurred significant net losses since inception.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, our net loss was ~~$96.7~~$25.6 million, compared to ~~$102.1~~$19.7 million for the same period in ~~2019.~~2020. As of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had an accumulated deficit of ~~$664.2~~$738.7 million and ~~$567.5~~$713.6 million, respectively. We expect to incur significant expenses and ~~increasing~~ operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will ~~increase substantially~~cover the following activities as we:

We have borrowed and, in the future, may borrow additional capital from institutional and commercial banking sources to fund future growth, including pursuant to our Senior Credit Agreement and Revenue Interest Financing Agreement, or potentially pursuant to new arrangements with different lenders. We may borrow funds on terms that may include restrictive covenants, including covenants that restrict the operation of our business, liens on assets, high effective interest rates, financial performance covenants and repayment provisions that reduce cash resources and limit future access to capital markets. In addition, we expect to continue to opportunistically seek access to the equity capital markets to support our development efforts and operations. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration or partnering arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some of our rights to our technologies or rights to market and sell our products in certain geographies, grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us, or issue equity that may be substantially dilutive to our stockholders.

We have funded our operations to date primarily from the issuance and sale of our common stock through public offerings, senior secured loans, private placements, and to a lesser extent, from convertible bond financing, revenue, and grant funding. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$143.6~~$48.0 million, restricted cash of ~~$13.8~~$16.5 million, and short-term investments of ~~$84.8~~$123.2 million.

We derive our consolidated revenue primarily from (i) the sales of generic injectable products by our Commercial Platform; (ii) licensing and collaboration projects conducted by our Oncology Innovation Platform, which generates revenue in the form of upfront payments, milestone payments, and payments received for providing research and development services for our collaboration projects and for other third parties; (iii) the sales of 503B and API products by our Global Supply Chain Platform; and (iv) grant awards from government agencies and universities for our continuing research and development efforts.

We do not anticipate revenue being generated from sales of our product candidates under development in our Oncology Innovation Platform until we have obtained regulatory approval. We cannot assure you that we will succeed in achieving regulatory approval for our drug candidates as planned, or at all.

Along with sourcing from third-party manufacturers, we manufacture clinical products in our cGMP facility in New York. Cost of sales primarily includes the cost of finished products, raw materials, labor costs, manufacturing overhead expenses and reserves for expected scrap, as well as transportation costs. Cost of sales also includes depreciation expense for production equipment, changes to our excess and obsolete inventory reserves, certain direct costs such as shipping costs, net of costs charged to customers, and royalty costs related to in-license agreements.

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist of the costs associated with in-licensing of product candidates, milestone payments, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, activities related to regulatory filings and correspondences, and other R&D activities. Our current R&D activities mainly relate to the clinical development of our Oncology Innovation Platform.

We expense R&D costs as incurred. We record costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment or clinical site activations. We do not allocate employee-related costs, depreciation, rental and other indirect costs to specific R&D programs because these costs are deployed across multiple product programs under R&D.

We cannot determine with certainty the duration, costs and timing of the current or future preclinical or clinical studies of our drug candidates. The duration, costs, and timing of clinical studies and development of our drug candidates will depend on a variety of factors, including:

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a drug candidate, including without limitation delays caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that drug candidate.

R&D activities are central to our business model. We expect our R&D expenses to continue to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to support the clinical trials of ~~Oral Paclitaxel, Oral Irinotecan, Oral Docetaxel, Oral Topotecan, Oral Eribulin, tirbanibulin ointment, tirbanibulin oral~~our Orascovery platform product candidates, and ~~KX2-361,~~our Src kinase inhibition platform product candidates, as well as initiate and prepare for additional clinical and preclinical studies, including ~~TCR-T Immunotherapy and Arginine Deprivation Therapy program activities.~~for the cell therapy programs. We also expect spending to increase in the R&D for API, 503B and specialty products. There are numerous factors associated with the successful commercialization of any of our drug candidates, including future trial design and various regulatory requirements, many of which cannot be determined with accuracy at this time based on our stage of development. Additionally, future commercial, regulatory and public health, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, factors beyond our control will likely impact our clinical development programs and plans.

Selling, general and administrative, (“SG&A”), expenses primarily consist of compensation, including salary, employee benefits and stock-based compensation expenses for sales and marketing personnel, and for administrative personnel that support our general operations such as executive management, legal counsel, financial accounting, information technology, and human resources personnel. SG&A expenses also include professional fees for legal, patent, consulting, auditing and tax services, as well as other direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, development of the facility in Dunkirk, NY, insurance and other supplies used in the selling, marketing, general and administrative activities. SG&A expenses also include costs associated with our commercialization efforts for our proprietary drugs, such as market research, brand strategy and development work on market access, scientific publication, product distribution, and patient support.

We anticipate that our SG&A expenses will increase in future periods to support increases in our research and development. We expect these increases will likely result in increased headcount, increased share compensation charges, expanded infrastructure and increased costs for insurance. We also anticipate increases to legal expenses due to the on-going class action lawsuit (see Note 15 Commitments and Contingencies), insurance premium, compliance, accounting and investor and public relations expenses associated with being a public company.

Three Months Ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020

The following table sets forth a summary of our condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ together with the changes in those items in dollars and as a percentage. This information should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

	Three Months Ended September 30,												Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			Change						2021			2020			Change
	(in thousands)			(in thousands)			(in thousands)			%			(in thousands)			(in thousands)			(in thousands)			%
Revenue
Product sales, net	$	24,780		$	19,237		$	5,543			29	%	$	20,360		$	18,547		$	1,813			10	%
License fees and other revenue		10,696			127			10,569		NM				20,665			28,388			(7,723	)		-27	%
Total revenue		35,476			19,364			16,112						41,025			46,935			(5,910	)
Cost of sales		(24,510	)		(17,071	)		(7,439	)		44	%		(16,405	)		(19,572	)		3,167			-16	%
Gross profit		10,966			2,293			8,673						24,620			27,363			(2,743	)
Research and development expenses		(18,390	)		(19,588	)		1,198			-6	%		(23,070	)		(17,192	)		(5,878	)		34	%
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		(22,220	)		(16,283	)		(5,937	)		36	%		(22,120	)		(25,748	)		3,628			-14	%
Interest income		112			650			(538	)		-83	%		29			413			(384	)		-93	%
Interest expense		(3,595	)		(1,745	)		(1,850	)		106	%		(4,908	)		(1,673	)		(3,235	)		193	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(3,048	)		—			(3,048	)	NM
Income tax expense		(1,093	)		(114	)		(979	)		859	%		(154	)		(2,881	)		2,727			-95	%
Net loss		(37,268	)		(34,787	)		(2,481	)					(25,603	)		(19,718	)		(5,885	)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(462	)		(29	)		(433	)	NM				(553	)		(289	)		(264	)		91	%
Net loss attributable to Athenex, Inc.	$	(36,806	)	$	(34,758	)	$	(2,048	)				$	(25,050	)	$	(19,429	)	$	(5,621	)

Revenue from product sales increased to ~~$24.8~~$20.4 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, from ~~$19.2~~$18.5 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, an increase of ~~$5.6~~$1.8 million or ~~29%~~10%. This increase was primarily attributable to ~~a significant~~an increase of $2.8 million in ~~specialty product~~ sales of $9.7 million, driven by the impact of the global health pandemic which led to the increased demand for COVID-19 related drugs. We continued to experience an increase in purchases from our existing customers as well as obtaining large, and non-recurring orders of specialty503B products. Fluctuations in the infection rate and the spread of the global health pandemic and market demand can significantly affect our product sales in the future. IfAPI product sales increased by $0.8 million and ~~when~~contract manufacturing revenue from supply of Klisyri to our partner Almirall increased by $0.4 million due to the ~~COVID-19 pandemic recedes temporarily or is quelled, we expect to see a significant softening~~launch of the drug in ~~demand for these products. This increase was partially~~February 2021. These increases were offset by a decrease of $2.3 million in ~~API~~APD sales.

License fees and ~~503B products sales~~other revenue decreased by $7.7 million, or 27%. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded $20.0 million of ~~$3.3 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, due~~license revenue pursuant to the ~~suspension~~2017 Almirall License Agreement upon the launch of ~~production of commercial batches at our API facility~~Klisyri in the U.S., and ~~the discontinued vasopressin sales. Pursuant~~$0.5 million related to the ~~2019 Xiangxue~~upfront fee pursuant to the Second Amendment to the 2011 PharmaEssentia License ~~Agreement and an out-licensing agreement with PharmaEssentia,~~Agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 we recognized ~~$9.4~~$28.3 million in license revenue, net of ~~$0.6~~$1.7 million value added tax (“VAT”), ~~and $1.0 million in license revenue, respectively, for~~pursuant to the ~~three months ended September 30, 2020.~~2019 Xiangxue License Agreement.

Cost of sales for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 totaled ~~$24.5~~$16.4 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$7.4~~$3.2 million, or ~~44%~~16%, as compared to ~~$17.1~~$19.6 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019. Increase~~March 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the $2.0 million royalty payment incurred in 2020 on the license revenue from Xiangxue. The decrease in cost of specialty product sales was in-line with the ~~increase~~decrease in ~~revenue~~revenue. Cost of 503B and ~~we continued to incur fixed costs despite decreased~~API product sales increased slightly as production ~~at our API and APS facilities.~~levels increased. Changes in the availability of products and market demand could increase or decrease our revenue and gross profit related to these products in the future. ~~Additionally, we incurred sublicense fees of $2.4 million on our license revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020.~~

R&D expenses for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 totaled ~~$18.4~~$23.1 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$1.2~~$5.9 million, or 6%34%, as compared to ~~$19.6~~$17.2 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. This was primarily due to ~~a decrease~~an increase in ~~clinical~~pre-launch product development costs, preclinical operations, and drug licensing costs ~~regulatory costs, and preclinical operations,~~ and included the following:

The ~~decrease~~increase in these R&D expenses was partially offset by a ~~$1.8~~$2.9 million ~~increase~~decrease in ~~medical affairs~~clinical studies and patient costs on Oral Paclitaxel after completion of the Phase 3 studies and a $0.6 million decrease in regulatory, API development, ~~costs,~~ and ~~a $1.2 million increase in compensation expenses.~~503B development costs.

SG&A expenses for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 totaled ~~$22.2~~$22.1 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$5.9~~$3.6 million, or ~~36%~~14%, as compared to ~~$16.3~~$25.7 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. This was primarily due to ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$5.4~~$4.4 million related to the costs of preparing to commercialize ~~our proprietary drugs, if approved,~~Oral Paclitaxel as significant pre-launch activities occurred in 2020 and slowed upon receipt of the Complete Response Letter in February 2021. This was partially offset by an increase of ~~$0.5~~$0.7 million of general and administrative costs related to increased hiring, professional fees, IT costs, and other operational costs.

Interest income consisted of interest earned on our short-term investments totaled less than $0.1 million and ~~$0.7~~$0.4 million for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. Interest expense totaled ~~$3.6~~$4.9 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. ~~The majority of the interest~~Interest expense in the current period was incurred from the Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree, while ~~the majority of the~~ interest expense in the prior period was incurred from ~~the variable-rate, long-term~~ debt under a former credit agreement with ~~Perceptive.~~

We recognized a $3.0 million loss on the partial extinguishment of debt related to the assignment of a portion of the senior secured loan from Oaktree’s co-investors to Sagard during the three months ended September 30, 2020.Perceptive Advisors LLC and its affiliates.

For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we incurred income tax expense of ~~$1.1~~$0.2 million, compared to ~~$0.1~~$2.9 million for the same period in ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily attributable to foreign income tax withholdings on our revenue earned under our ~~our-license arrangements.~~

~~Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019~~

The following table sets forth a summary of our condensed consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, together with the changes in those items in dollars and as a percentage. This information should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2020

2019

Change

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

%

Revenue

Product sales, net

$
83,494

$
66,433

$
17,061

26
%
License fees and other revenue

39,089

435

38,654

NM

Total revenue

122,583

66,868

55,715

Cost of sales

(77,088
)

(53,915
)

(23,173
)

43
%
Gross profit

45,495

12,953

32,542

Research and development expenses

(57,597
)

(62,570
)

4,973

-8
%
Selling, general, and administrative expenses

(65,454
)

(48,640
)

(16,814
)

35
%
Interest income

710

1,408

(698
)

-50
%
Interest expense

(6,833
)

(5,254
)

(1,579
)

30
%
Loss on extinguishment of debt

(10,278
)

—

(10,278
)

NM

Income tax expense

(4,080
)

(1,019
)

(3,061
)

300
%
Net loss

(98,037
)

(103,122
)

5,085

Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests

(1,351
)

(1,100
)

(251
)

23
%
Net loss attributable to Athenex, Inc.

$
(96,686
)

$
(102,022
)

$
5,336

Revenue from product sales increased to $83.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $66.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $17.1 million or 26%. This increase was primarily attributable to a significant increase in specialty product sales of $35.2 million as the result of increased demand for COVID-19 related drugs due to the global health pandemic and the launch of additional products. We experienced an increase in purchases from our existing customers as well as obtaining large, non-recurring orders of specialty products from new customers.

Fluctuations in the infection rate and the spread of the global health pandemic and market demand can significantly affect our product sales in the future. If and when the COVID-19 pandemic recedes temporarily or is quelled, we expect to see a significant softening in demand for these products. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in API and 503B products sales of $9.8 million, and $8.1 million, respectively, due to the suspension of production of commercial batches at our API facilities and the discontinued vasopressin sales. Pursuant to the 2019 Xiangxue License Agreement and an out-licensing agreement with PharmaEssentia, we recognized $37.7 million in license revenue, net of $2.3 million VAT, and $1.0 million in license revenue, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $77.1 million, an increase of $23.2 million, or 43%, as compared to $53.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in our cost of specialty product sales was in-line with the increase in revenue and we continued to incur fixed costs despite decreased production at our API and APS facilities. Changes in the availability of products and market demand could increase or decrease our revenue and gross profit related to these products in the future. Additionally, we incurred sublicense fees of $5.6 million on our license revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

R&D expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $57.6 million, a decrease of $5.0 million, or 8%, as compared to $62.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to a decrease in clinical operations, drug licensing fees, and preclinical operations and included the following:

The decrease in these R&D expenses was partially offset by an increase in compensation expenses of $3.9 million, an increase of $3.1 million in regulatory costs in connection with our NDA preparations, and an increase in $1.5 million in medical affairs and other product development.

SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $65.4 million, an increase of $16.8 million, or 35%, as compared to $48.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to an increase of $12.8 million related to the costs of preparing to commercialize our proprietary drugs, if approved, and an increase of $4.0 million of general administrative expense, including professional service fees, IT, insurance, and other operating expenses.

Interest income consisted of interest earned on our short-term investments totaled $0.7 million and $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest expense totaled $6.8 million and $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest expense in 2020 was related to the Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree, and the variable-rate, long-term debt with Perceptive which was entered into in June 2018 and terminated in June 2020. The majority of interest expenseout-license arrangements in the prior ~~period was incurred from the Perceptive debt.~~

We recognized a $7.2 million loss on the extinguishment of debt related to the termination of the senior secured loan agreement with Perceptive and a $3.0 million loss on the partial extinguishment of debt related to the assignment of a portion of the senior secured loan from Oaktree’s co-investors to Sagard during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we incurred income tax expense of $4.1 million, compared to $1.0 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in income tax expenses was primarily attributable to $3.9 million foreign tax withholding in relation to license revenue recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Since our inception, we have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from our operations. Substantially all of our losses have resulted from funding our R&D programs, SG&A costs associated with our operations, and the development of our specialty drug operations in our Commercial Platform and 503B operations and the investment we are making in our pre-launch activities in anticipation of commercializing our proprietary drugs. We incurred net losses of ~~$96.7~~$25.6 million and ~~$102.1~~$19.7 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of ~~$664.2~~$738.7 million. Our operating activities used ~~$97.1~~$29.9 million and ~~$74.1~~$45.5 million of cash during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. We intend to continue to advance our various clinical and pre-clinical programs which we expect will lead to ~~increased~~continuous cash outflow of R&D costs and though we have reduced our planned expenditures in 2021 while there is uncertainty around the best path forward for Oral Paclitaxel, we expect to increase our investments in commercialization activities for our proprietary drugs, if approved. In addition, we can provide no assurance that our funding requirements to diversify our product portfolio for specialty drug products in our Commercial Platform and 503B operations will decline in the future.

~~In September 2020, we successfully raised $118.7 million through public offering~~ Our principal sources of ~~our shares, thus alleviated the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern~~liquidity as of ~~June 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020 we had~~March 31, 2021 were cash and cash equivalents ~~of $143.6~~totaling $48.0 million, restricted cash of ~~$13.8~~$16.5 million, ~~and short-term investments of $84.8 million, which will fund operations into~~held in a controlled bank account in connection with the ~~second quarter of 2022. This cash runway does not reflect additional funding available to us through the existing~~ Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree, ~~or the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement with Sagard. Achieving prescribed funding milestones within such arrangements would extend our anticipated cash runway into 2023.~~

~~Debt~~ and ~~Equity Financings~~short-term investments totaling $123.2 million, which are generally high-quality investment grade corporate debt securities.

In September 2020, we completed an underwritten public offering of 10,000,000 shares of its common stock. We granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,500,000 shares of common stock, which was exercised in full in September 2020. All shares were offered at a price of $11.00 per share. Net proceeds were $118.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $7.9 million.

On August 4, 2020, we entered into a Revenue Interest Financing Agreement with Sagard, pursuant to which Sagard has agreed to pay the Company us $50.0 million to provide funding for the Company’s development and commercialization of Oral Paclitaxel upon receipt of marketing authorization for Oral Paclitaxel by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of MBC. In exchange for the Product Payment, we have agreed to make payments to Sagard equal to 5.0% of our world-wide net sales of Oral Paclitaxel, subject to a hard cap equal to the lesser of 170% of the Product Payment and the Put/Call Price set forth below (the “Hard Cap”). We are required to make certain additional payments to Sagard to the extent Sagard has not received Payments equaling at least $20.0 million by September 30, 2024 and at least $50.0 million by August 4, 2026. In addition, if Sagard has not received Payments equaling at least $85.0 million by the tenth anniversary of the date the Product Payment is funded (the “Funding Date”), then subject to the Hard Cap, we will be required to pay Sagard an amount such that Sagard will have obtained a 6.0% internal rate of return, calculated on a quarterly basis and calculated from the Funding Date to the tenth anniversary of the Funding Date, on the amount of the Product Payment, taking into account all other payments received by Sagard from us under the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement.

Our obligations under the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions and subject to an intercreditor agreement with Oaktree, as administrative agent for the lenders under our Senior Credit Agreement, by a perfected security interest in (i) accounts receivable arising from net sales of Oral Paclitaxel and (ii) intellectual property that is claiming or covering Oral Paclitaxel itself or any method of using, making or manufacturing Oral Paclitaxel.

At any time after August 4, 2022, we will have the right, but not the obligation (the “Call Option”), to buy out Sagard’s interest in the Payments at a repurchase price (the “Put/Call Price”) equal to (a) on or before August 4, 2023, a payment sufficient to generate an internal rate of return of 18.0% of the Product Payment, (b) after August 4, 2023 and on or before August 4, 2024, a payment sufficient to generate an internal rate of return of 16.0% of the Product Payment, (c) after August 4, 2024 and on or before August 4, 2025, a payment sufficient to generate an internal rate of return of 15.0% of the Product Payment, and (d) thereafter, the greater of (i) an amount that, when paid to Sagard, would generate an internal rate of return of 13.0% of the Product Payment, and (ii) an amount

equal to the product of the Product Payment and 165%, in the case of each foregoing clause (a) through (d), taking into account all other payments received by Sagard from us under the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement.

The Revenue Interest Financing Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and certain restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness and grant liens on intellectual property related to Oral Paclitaxel. In addition, the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement provides that if certain events (“Put Option Events”) occur, including certain bankruptcy events, non-payment of Payments, a change of control, an out-license or sale of all of the rights in and to Oral Paclitaxel in the U.S. (other than any out-licensing transaction that includes all or substantially all of the U.S. and European development and commercialization rights to Oral Paclitaxel with a pharmaceutical company with global annual revenues for its most recently completed fiscal year that is greater than or equal to $500.0 million attributable to its oncology business) and (subject to applicable cure periods) non-compliance with the covenants in the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement, Sagard may require us to repurchase its interests in the Payments at the Put/Call Price. Sagard may also terminate the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement if we have not received marketing authorization for Oral Paclitaxel by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer by December 31, 2021.

Sagard and the IMCO Investors also acquired by the Assignment term loans and commitments equal to $50.0 million under the Senior Credit Agreement. In connection with the Assignment, we granted warrants to Sagard and the IMCO Investors to purchase up to an aggregate of 201,865 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share. As a result of the issuance of the additional warrants, we evaluated the debt modification in accordance with ASC 470 and concluded that the assigned debt ~~qualified for a partial debt extinguishment of the existing Senior Secured Credit Agreement with Oaktree. Therefore, we recorded a loss on partial extinguishment of debt in the amount of $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.~~

On June 19, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), we entered into the Senior Credit Agreement to borrow up to $225.0 million in five tranches with a maturity date of June 19, 2026, bearing interest at a fixed annual rate of 11.0%, payable quarterly. We are required to make quarterly interest-only payments until the second anniversary of the Closing Date, after which we are required to make quarterly amortizing payments, with the remaining balance of the principal plus accrued and unpaid interest due at maturity. After the date that is 90 days after the Closing Date, we will be required to pay a commitment fee on any undrawn commitments equal to 0.6% per annum, payable on each subsequent funding date and the commitment termination date. We are also required to pay an exit fee at maturity equal to 2.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans funded under the Senior Credit Agreement.

The first tranche of $100.0 million was drawn prior to June 30, 2020, with $54.1 million of the proceeds used in part to repay in full the outstanding loan and fees under the credit agreement with Perceptive and an additional $11.0 million of the upfront loan proceeds held by us as restricted cash in a debt service reserve account, and $6.4 million in fees and expenses incurred in connection with the financing, leaving $28.5 million in available proceeds from the first tranche. The second tranche of $25.0 million was drawn prior to September 30, 2020. An additional three debt tranches of $100.0 million in the aggregate are available for borrowing ~~from time to time prior to the date that is either 24 or 36 months after the Closing Date, subject to our achievement of certain regulatory and commercial milestones, each as further set forth below:~~

We may voluntarily prepay the Senior Credit Agreement at any time subject to a prepayment premium which up until the second anniversary of the Closing Date is equal to the amount of interest that would have been paid up to, but not including, the second anniversary date (excluding interest amounts already paid), plus 3.0% of the principal amount of the senior secured loans being repaid. Thereafter, the prepayment premium equals 3.0% of the principal amount of the senior secured loans being repaid and is reduced over time until the fourth anniversary date, after which no prepayment premium is required.

We are required to make mandatory prepayments of the senior secured loans with net cash proceeds from certain asset sales or insurance proceeds or condemnation awards, in each case, subject to certain exceptions and reinvestment rights.

Our obligations under the Senior Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and certain of our existing domestic subsidiaries and subsequently acquired or organized subsidiaries subject to certain exceptions. Our obligations under the Senior Credit Agreement and the related guarantees thereunder are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions, by (i) a pledge of all of the equity interests of our direct subsidiaries, and (ii) a perfected security interest in all of our tangible and intangible assets.

The Senior Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of other indebtedness, and dividends and other distributions, subject to certain exceptions, including specific exceptions with respect to product commercialization and development activities. In addition, the Senior Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants, including, among other things, maintenance of minimum liquidity and a minimum revenue test, measured quarterly until the last day of the second consecutive fiscal quarter where the consolidated leverage ratio does not exceed 4.5 to 1, provided that thereafter we cannot allow our consolidated leverage ratio to exceed 4.5 to 1, measured quarterly. Failure of the Company to comply with the financial covenants will result in an event of default, subject to certain cure rights of the Company. At ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants.

The Senior Credit Agreement contains events of default which are customary for financings of this type, in certain circumstances subject to customary cure periods. Following an event of default and any cure period, if applicable, Oaktree will have the right upon notice to terminate any undrawn commitments and may accelerate all amounts outstanding under the Senior Credit Agreement, in addition to other remedies available to it as a secured creditor of the Company.

~~In connection with~~ ~~our entry into the Senior Credit Agreement~~, we granted warrants to Oaktree to purchase up to an aggregate of 908,393 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share and entered into a registration rights agreement with Oaktree on June 19, 2020, pursuant to which, among other things, we agreed to register for resale the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants of no later than the 45th day following the issuance of the warrants. On August 6, 2020, we filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-241665) registering for resale the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants.

On December 9, 2019, we completed a private placement with a group of institutional investors, led by Kingdon Capital Management, LLC, pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 3,945,750 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $15.30 per share for aggregate net proceeds of $59.4 million, net of offering expenses of approximately $1.0 million.

On May 7, 2019, we completed a private placement equity offering of 10 million shares of our common stock. All shares were offered by us at a price of $10.00 per share to three institutional investors, namely Perceptive, Avoro Capital Advisors (formerly known as venBio Select Advisor), and OrbiMed. The aggregate net proceeds received by us from the offering were $99.9 million, net of offering expenses of approximately $0.1 million.

We have borrowed and, in the future, may borrow additional capital from institutional and commercial banking sources to fund future growth, including pursuant to the Senior Credit Agreement, or potentially pursuant to new arrangements with different lenders. We may borrow additional funds on terms that may include restrictive covenants, including covenants that further restrict the operation of our business, liens on assets, high effective interest rates, financial performance covenants and repayment provisions that reduce cash resources and limit future access to capital markets. In addition, we expect to continue to opportunistically seek access to the equity capital markets to support our development efforts and operations. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration or partnering arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some of our rights to our technologies or rights to market and sell our products in certain geographies, grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us, or issue equity that may be substantially dilutive to our stockholders.

As of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$143.6~~$48.0 million, restricted cash of ~~$13.8~~$16.5 million, and short-term investments of ~~$84.8~~$123.2 million. We believe that the existing cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments will enable us to meet our current operational liquidity needs and fund operations into the second ~~quarter~~half of 2022. ~~This conclusion does~~The Company’s estimates are based on relevant conditions that are known and reasonably knowable at the date of these consolidated financial statements being available for issuance and are subject to change due to changes in business, industry or macroeconomic conditions. Further, we do not ~~contemplate the~~expect to have access to additional ~~funding we may receive through~~capital under the Senior Credit Agreement and the Revenue Interest Financing ~~Agreement.~~Agreement, and will need to find alternative sources of financing until such time as Oral Paclitaxel is approved or will need to renegotiate these arrangements. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and it could spend the available financial resources much faster than expected and need to raise additional funds sooner than anticipated.

We have made certain changes to our budgeted expenses in light of the CRL for Oral Paclitaxel we received in February 2021 pending further discussion with the FDA on the best pathway forward for Oral Paclitaxel, including curtailing commercialization expenses and investing in additional products for our specialty pharma business. However, we expect that our expenses will increase as we continue to fund clinical and preclinical development of our research programs ~~pre-launch activities of~~by advancing certain product candidates in our ~~proprietary drugs, funding of~~pipeline, including product candidates on our ~~Commercial Platform~~Orascovery and ~~manufacturing facilities, and~~Src Kinase Inhibition technology platforms, our cell therapy programs, our specialty drug products, working capital and other general corporate purposes. Capital expenditure at both Dunkirk and Sintaho facilities will continue to grow and be significant as we build out both plants to manufacture drugs including 503B, Tirbanibulin APIs and injectable products. We have based our estimates on assumptions that might prove to be wrong and our estimates are also subject to change depending on the outcome of our discussions with the FDA with respect to Oral Paclitaxel, and we might use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our drug candidates, we are unable to accurately estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures necessary to complete the development and commercialization of our drug candidates.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, some or all of which may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including:

Until we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements, and government grants. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect rights of holders of common stock. ~~Additional debt~~Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants ~~further~~ limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends and might require the issuance of warrants, which could potentially dilute the ownership interest of holders of common stock. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we might have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or research programs or to grant licenses on terms that might not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we might be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market products or drug candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and ~~2019:~~2020:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2021			2020
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(97,088	)	$	(74,120	)	$	(29,876	)	$	(45,545	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(58,404	)		2,588
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities								7,037			(10,451	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		185,328			108,051			754			732
Net effect of foreign exchange rate changes		(201	)		592			478			(427	)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	29,635		$	37,111
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash							$	(21,607	)	$	(55,691	)

The use of cash in our operating activities resulted primarily from our net loss adjusted for non-cash charges and changes in components of working capital. The primary use of our cash in the periods presented was to fund our R&D, regulatory and other clinical trial costs, drug licensing costs, inventory purchases, pre-launch commercialization activities, and other expenditures related to sales, marketing and administration. Net cash used in operating activities ~~increased $23.0~~decreased $15.7 million, or ~~31%~~34%, for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021. The ~~increase~~decrease is primarily attributable to ~~increases~~the increase in ~~cost~~product sales and collection of ~~sales, SG&A costs, and losses related to~~license fees during the ~~extinguishment of debt.~~three months ended March 31, 2021.

Net cash used in operating activities was ~~$97.1~~$29.9 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021. This resulted primarily from our net loss of ~~$98.0~~$25.6 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of ~~$22.9~~$4.3 million, and by cash used by our operating assets and liabilities of ~~$22.0~~$8.6 million. Our operating assets increased ~~$26.3~~$3.4 million for accounts receivable mainly related to the increased sales of 503B products, increased $2.5 million for inventory of all drug products, and offset by $2.2 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets. Our operating liabilities decreased by $12.3 million mainly due to a decrease in accrued selling fees and royalties on our specialty drugs, accrued purchases of specialty drug inventory, and accrued interest paid in the current period on our Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree, partially offset by an increase in accrued wages and benefits. Our net non-cash charges during the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily consisted of $2.2 million of stock-based compensation expense, $1.3 million depreciation and amortization expense, and $0.8 million amortization of debt discount.

Net cash used in operating activities was $45.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This resulted primarily from our net loss of $19.7 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $3.8 million, and by cash used by our operating assets and liabilities of $29.7 million, the majority of which was due to the licensing fee receivable. Our operating assets increased $34.7 million for accounts receivable mainly related to the contract asset recognized from license revenue in the ~~current period and the increased~~three months ended March 31, 2020 as well as increases sales of specialty products, during the nine-months ended September 30, 2020, and decreased by $11.0 million for prepaids related to the Dunkirk construction and other assets, and $3.0 million for inventory of all drug products. Our operating liabilities decreased by $9.7 million mainly due to a decrease in accrued construction costs and accrued inventory purchases, offset by an increase in accrued selling costs and rebates, and an increase in accrued wages and benefits, and other operating liabilities. Our net non-cash charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily consisted of $10.3 million of loss on extinguishment of debt, $8.0 million of stock-based compensation expense, $3.2 million depreciation and amortization expense, and $1.2 million amortization of debt discount.

Net cash used in operating activities was $74.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This resulted primarily from our net loss of $103.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $11.5 million, and by cash used by our operating assets and liabilities of $17.5 million. Our operating assets increased $4.2 million for accounts receivable mainly related to the increased sales of specialty products during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and less than $0.1$3.1 million for inventory of all drug products, ~~while prepaid expenses~~and partially offset by a $3.7 million decrease in prepaids and other ~~assets increased by $17.1 million primarily related to the Dunkirk construction.~~assets. Our operating liabilities increased by ~~$38.5~~$4.4 million mainly due to an increase related the construction of ~~$16.3 million related to the~~our Dunkirk ~~construction, and $20.0 million of deferred revenue related to a milestone payment received from Almirall.~~facility. Our net non-cash charges during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 primarily consisted of ~~$7.2~~$2.3 million of stock-based compensation expense and ~~$2.8~~$1.1 million depreciation and amortization expense.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $10.5 million used in investing activities ~~was $58.4 million for~~in the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020, compared to $2.6 million provided by investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The difference was primarily due to more cash being ~~used in the purchase of short-term investments and a decrease in~~provided by the sales and maturities of short-term investments, ~~and a decrease~~partially offset by an increase in cash paid for ~~in-licenses.~~property and equipment at our API and Dunkirk facilities and cash paid for in-licenses fees related to our specialty drugs during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$185.3~~$0.8 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, which ~~primarily~~ consisted of $126.8 million from the sale of common stock and $118.0 million from the draw downs of debt from our credit facility with Oaktree and $1.9 million to fund our new API plant in China, $7.0 million from the issuance of warrants to Oaktree and Sagard, and $1.2$0.9 million from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by ~~$54.3~~$0.1 million repayment of ~~Perceptive debt, and $7.6 million and $7.2 million issuance costs related to our underwritten follow-on public offering and the new Oaktree debt, respectively.~~finance lease obligations.

Net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$108.1~~$0.7 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~ March 31, 2020, which primarily consisted of ~~net proceeds of $99.9 million from the issuance of common stock from the private placement and $6.5~~$0.4 million from the issuance of debt to fund our new API plant in ~~China.~~China and $0.3 million from the exercise of stock options.

A summary of our contractual obligations as of ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 is as follows:

	Payments Due by Period										Payments Due by Period
	Within 1 Year		1 to 3 years		3 to 5 years		More than 5 years		Total Amounts Committed		Within 1 Year		1 to 3 years		3 to 5 years		More than 5 years		Total Amounts Committed
	(in thousands)										(in thousands)
Operating leases	$	2,895	$	4,908	$	3,816	$	660	$	12,279	$	3,389	$	4,702	$	3,085	$	367	$	11,543
Long-term debt		1,637		19,704		27,558		88,159		137,058		1,560		25,473		27,900		107,666		162,599
Finance lease obligations		394		400		152		—		946		430		502		99		—		1,031
Licensing fees		2,384		—		—		—		2,384		1,066		1,000		—		—		2,066
	$	7,310	$	25,012	$	31,526	$	88,819	$	152,667	$	6,445	$	31,677	$	31,084	$	108,033	$	177,239

The above table includes the Company’s operating leases and the amounts committed under those leases by each location: (1) the rental of our global headquarters in the Conventus Center for Collaborative Medicine in Buffalo, NY; (2) the rental of our R&D facility in the IC Development Centre in Hong Kong; (3) the rental of the Commercial Platform headquarters in Chicago, IL; (4) the rental of our clinical research headquarters in Cranford, NJ; (5) the rental of our clinical data management center in Taipei, Taiwan; (6) the rental of eight facilities of our contract research organization throughout Latin America; (7) the rental of our Global Supply Chain distribution office in Houston, TX; (8) the rental of our Global Supply Chain API manufacturing facility in Chongqing, China; and (9) the rental of other facilities and equipment located mainly in Buffalo, NY.

The long-term debt is comprised of (1) the principal and fees related to the first and second tranche of our Senior Credit Agreement with Oaktree; (2) our credit arrangement with Chongqing Maliu Riverside Development and Investment Co., LTD; and (3) our mortgage assumed in connection with the acquisition of CDE.

The finance lease obligations represent the lease of various equipment for our facilities in and near Buffalo, NY.

The license fee obligations are due in connection with our in-licensing arrangements for certain of the Commercial Platform’s specialty products.

We do not maintain any off-balance sheet partnerships, arrangements, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or others, often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. These estimates form the basis for judgments we make about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with R&D expenses, chargebacks, stock-based compensation and inventory reserves have the most significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

In the normal course of business, we evaluate all new accounting pronouncements issued by the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board,~~FASB, the SEC, or other authoritative accounting bodies to determine the potential impact they may have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information about these recently issued accounting standards and their potential impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

A significant portion of our business is located outside the United States and, as a result, we generate revenue and incur expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, a majority of which is denominated in Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). In the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ approximately 0% and 1%, respectively, of our sales, excluding intercompany sales, were denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, our revenue can be impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We expect that foreign currencies will represent a lower percentage of our sales in the future due to the anticipated growth of our U.S. business. Our international selling, marketing, and administrative costs related to these sales are largely denominated in the same foreign currencies, which somewhat mitigates our foreign currency exchange risk rate exposure.

A portion of our revenues and expenses, and a portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. The People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) government uses a single rate of exchange as quoted daily by the People’s Bank of China, (“PBOC”). The PRC imposes a number of procedural requirements that limit the ability to readily convert RMB into U.S. dollars or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions continue to take place either through the PBOC or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the PBOC. Approvals of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other institutions require submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.

Additionally, the value of the RMB is subject to changes in PRC central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the PRC foreign exchange trading system market.

We had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments of ~~$242.1~~$187.7 million as of ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, because of the short-term nature of the instruments in our portfolio, a sudden change in U.S. market interest rates is not expected to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial condition or results of operations. We do not believe that our cash or cash equivalents have significant risk of default or illiquidity.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Board Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~September 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~September 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, our Chief Executive Officer and Board Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended ~~September 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

~~From time to time we may become involved~~Following our receipt of the CRL in ~~legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising~~February 2021 and the subsequent decline of the market price of the Company’s common stock, two purported securities class action lawsuits were filed in the ~~ordinary course~~U.S. District Court for the Western District of ~~our business. Regardless~~New York on March 3, 2021 and March 22, 2021, respectively, against the Company and certain members of its management team seeking to recover damages for alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the ~~outcome, litigation~~Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

The complaints generally allege that between August 7, 2019 and February 26, 2021 (the purported class period), the Company and the individual defendants made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company's business in connection with the Company’s development of Oral Paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and the likelihood of FDA approval, and that the plaintiffs suffered losses when the Company’s stock price dropped after its announcement on February 26, 2021 regarding receipt of the CRL. The complaints seek class certification, damages, fees, costs, and expenses. The defendants expect that these two lawsuits will be consolidated and a lead plaintiff appointed in the coming months. Additional similar lawsuits might be filed. The Company and the individual defendants believe that the claims in these lawsuits are without merit, and the Company has not recorded a liability related to the lawsuits as the risk of loss is remote. The Company and the individual defendants intend to vigorously defend against these claims but there can ~~have an adverse impact on us because of prosecution, defense and settlement costs, unfavorable awards, diversion of management resources and other factors.~~be no assurances as to the outcome.

For a discussion of the Company’s potential risks or uncertainties, please see “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” and “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 filed with the SEC and ~~“Part I—Item 2—Management’s Discussion~~the additional risks described below.

We face litigation and ~~Analysis~~legal proceedings and, while we cannot predict the outcomes of ~~Financial Condition~~such proceedings and ~~Results~~other contingencies with certainty, some of ~~Operations”~~these outcomes could adversely affect our business and ~~“Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors”~~financial condition.

Following our receipt of the CRL in February 2021 and the subsequent decline of the market price of the Company’s common stock, two purported class action lawsuits were filed in the ~~Company’s~~ ~~Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q~~U.S. District Court for the ~~quarter ended June 30, 2020.~~ ~~There have been no material changes~~Western District of New York on March 3, 2021 and March 22, 2021, respectively, against the Company and certain members of its management team. Defending against these and any future lawsuits and legal proceedings may involve significant expense, be disruptive to our ~~previously disclosed~~business operations and divert our management's attention and resources. Negative publicity surrounding such legal proceedings may also harm our reputation, our stock price, and adversely impact our business and financial condition.

Further, we cannot predict with certainty the outcomes of these legal proceedings. The outcome of some of these legal proceeding could require us to take, or refrain from taking, actions which could negatively affect our operations or could require us to pay substantial amounts of money adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.

The resurgence of COVID-19 in India and other countries where we source supplies may create supply chain risk ~~factors.~~and disruption risks.

The recent surge of COVID-19 cases in India, a country where we source supplies and maintain partnerships that are key to our generics business, including API, presents business and supply chain disruption risks for the Company to the extent the virus is not able to be contained, there is widespread sickness and disruptions on operations and also in the event state governments in India impose additional lockdowns, restrictions on the operations of businesses and other containment measures to combat the spread of the virus. The scope and impact of any such measures is not yet known and will depend on a number of factors, including the ultimate spread and severity of the outbreaks in India and the scope, duration and impact of containment measures on individuals and businesses. If our partners in India experience significant or extended disruptions to their business due to COVID-19, it could result in substantial supply shortages and harm our generics business, as well as our overall financial condition and results of operations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, CIDAL achieved four of its six clinical milestones associated with the contingent equity consideration from our acquisition of CIDAL. In issuing the shares to CIDAL, the Company relied on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, as set forth in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. Not applicable

On August 4, 2020 the Company granted warrants to Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners, LP and its co-investors OPB SHRP Co-Invest Credit Limited and SIMCOE SHRP Co-Invest Credit Ltd. to purchase up to an aggregate of 201,865 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $12.63 per share. The warrants will expire on June 19, 2027 and may be net exercised at the holder’s election.The warrants were issued, and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, will be issued unless covered by a registration statement, in reliance upon an exemption from the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as set forth in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

The exhibits filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are set forth below.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Delaware	43-1985966
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1001 Main Street, Suite 600 Buffalo, NY	14203
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share		ATNX		The Nasdaq Global Select Market

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	54
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	65
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2724
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4334
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	4335
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	4436
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	4436
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	4436
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4436
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	4436
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	4436
Item 5.	Other Information	4437
Item 6.	Exhibits	4538
Signatures		4640


~~Tranche~~	~~Funding Condition~~	~~Tranche Commitment Amount~~
~~Tranche C~~	~~The receipt of approval from the FDA of an NDA in respect of the use of Oral Paclitaxel to treat MBC.~~	~~$25.0 million~~
~~Tranche D~~	~~The receipt of approval from the FDA of an NDA in respect of the use of tirbanibulin ointment to treat AK.~~	~~$25.0 million~~
~~Tranche E~~	~~The achievement of~~ (A) net sales for the twelve (12) consecutive month period ending on the last day of a fiscal quarter in excess of $200.0 million and (B) net sales attributable to Oral Paclitaxel for such quarter in excess of $40.0 million.	~~$50.0 million~~

		Incorporated by Reference (Unless Otherwise Indicated)
Exhibit Number	Exhibit Title	Form	File	Exhibit	Filing Date

4.1	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock (Sagard and IMCO Investors)	Form 8-K	001-38112	4.1	August 6, 2020

10.1	Revenue Interest Financing Agreement dated as of August 4, 2020, by and between Athenex, Inc. and Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners, LP	Form 8-K	001-38112	10.1	August 6, 2020

10.2	Security Agreement dated as of August 4, 2020, by and between Athenex, Inc. and Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners, LP	—	—	—	Filed herewith

10.3	Intercreditor Agreement dated as of August 4, 2020, by and among Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent, and Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners, LP, and as acknowledged by Athenex, Inc.	—	—	—	Filed herewith


10.4	Assignment and Assumption dated as of August 4, 2020, by and among Athenex, Inc, as the borrower, Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners, LP, OPB SHRP Co-Invest Credit Limited and SIMCOE SHRP Co-Invest Credit Ltd., as assignees, and the affiliates of Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. party thereto as assignors, and the other assignees party thereto.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Board Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Board Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	—	—	—	Filed herewith

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)	—	—	—	Filed herewith

	Athenex, Inc.

Date: ~~November 5, 2020~~May 6, 2021	By:	/s/ Johnson Y.N. Lau
		Chief Executive Officer and Board Chairman (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: ~~November 5, 2020~~May 6, 2021	By:	/s/ Randoll Sze
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Small reporting company

Emerging growth company