(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~August 4,~~October 28, 2021, there were ~~42,600,528~~42,769,208 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). These statements express a belief, expectation or intention and are generally accompanied by words that convey projected future events or outcomes such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “design,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “would” or by variations of such words or by similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions and analyses ~~made by us~~ in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform with our expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other important factors, including, but not limited to:

You should carefully read the factors discussed in the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and in our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) for additional discussion of the risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other important factors that could cause our actual results or developments to differ materially and adversely from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The actual results or developments anticipated may not be realized or, even if substantially realized, they may not have the expected consequences to or effects on us or our businesses or operations. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially and adversely from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the SEC under the Exchange Act. You may obtain any reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that we file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

You also may view and download copies of our SEC filings free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in, and is not considered part of, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Investors should also note that we use our website, as well as SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts, to announce financial information and other material developments regarding our business. We use these channels, as well as any social media channels listed on our website, to communicate with investors and members of the public about our business. It is possible that the information that we post on our social media channels could be deemed material information. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media and others interested in our company to review the information that we post on our social media channels.

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “REGENXBIO,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” mean REGENXBIO Inc. and its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, unless the context indicates otherwise.

AAVIATE, NAV, REGENXBIO and the REGENXBIO logos are our registered trademarks. Any other trademarks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective holders.

	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020			September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	257,072		$	338,426		$	228,387		$	338,426
Marketable securities		117,665			137,314			111,473			137,314
Accounts receivable, net		44,394			42,999			46,017			42,999
Prepaid expenses		13,092			10,505			18,401			10,505
Other current assets		5,164			1,953			5,886			1,953
Total current assets		437,387			531,197			410,164			531,197
Marketable securities		218,220			46,809			193,640			46,809
Accounts receivable, net		2,808			3,267			2,730			3,267
Property and equipment, net		106,685			56,467			122,231			56,467
Operating lease right-of-use assets		62,280			63,815			61,742			63,815
Restricted cash		1,330			1,330			1,330			1,330
Other assets		7,692			5,279			8,558			5,279
Total assets	$	836,402		$	708,164		$	800,395		$	708,164
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	9,354		$	10,622		$	19,845		$	10,622
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		46,761			49,082			49,694			49,082
Deferred revenue		395			449			395			449
Operating lease liabilities		1,709			2,500			1,329			2,500
Liability related to sale of future royalties		33,335			18,794			35,508			18,794
Total current liabilities		91,554			81,447			106,771			81,447
Deferred revenue		3,630			3,783			3,531			3,783
Operating lease liabilities		82,383			70,153			83,880			70,153
Liability related to sale of future royalties		151,076			174,504			144,315			174,504
Other liabilities		514			524			484			524
Total liabilities		329,157			330,411			338,981			330,411
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock; $0.0001 par value; 10,000 shares authorized, and 0 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020		—			—
Common stock; $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 42,555 and 37,476 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		4			4
Preferred stock; $0.0001 par value; 10,000 shares authorized, and 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020								—			—
Common stock; $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 42,752 and 37,476 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively								4			4
Additional paid-in capital		905,346			667,181			917,950			667,181
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,255	)		(360	)		(1,285	)		(360	)
Accumulated deficit		(396,850	)		(289,072	)		(455,255	)		(289,072	)
Total stockholders’ equity		507,245			377,753			461,414			377,753
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	836,402		$	708,164		$	800,395		$	708,164

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Revenues
License and royalty revenue	$	22,035		$	16,566		$	40,919		$	34,210		$	30,773		$	98,912		$	71,692		$	133,122
Total revenues		22,035			16,566			40,919			34,210			30,773			98,912			71,692			133,122
Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		9,819			4,684			14,670			8,093			14,105			17,364			28,775			25,457
Research and development		45,882			38,111			85,604			75,146			47,855			43,968			133,459			119,114
General and administrative		18,425			15,554			36,263			30,387			21,030			15,859			57,293			46,246
Provision for credit losses and other		135			50			650			117			5,131			7,770			5,781			7,887
Total operating expenses		74,261			58,399			137,187			113,743			88,121			84,961			225,308			198,704
Loss from operations		(52,226	)		(41,833	)		(96,268	)		(79,533	)
Income (loss) from operations														(57,348	)		13,951			(153,616	)		(65,582	)
Other Income (Expense)
Interest income from licensing		554			1,849			583			2,697			117			1,444			700			4,141
Investment income		399			5,722			979			2,536
Investment income (loss)														5,535			(6,607	)		6,514			(4,071	)
Interest expense		(6,366	)		—			(13,068	)		—			(6,709	)		—			(19,777	)		—
Total other income (expense)		(5,413	)		7,571			(11,506	)		5,233			(1,057	)		(5,163	)		(12,563	)		70
Loss before income taxes		(57,639	)		(34,262	)		(107,774	)		(74,300	)
Income (loss) before income taxes														(58,405	)		8,788			(166,179	)		(65,512	)
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)		—			500			(4	)		500			—			3			(4	)		503
Net loss	$	(57,639	)	$	(33,762	)	$	(107,778	)	$	(73,800	)
Net income (loss)													$	(58,405	)	$	8,791		$	(166,183	)	$	(65,009	)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net		113			1,330			(895	)		545			(30	)		(487	)		(925	)		58
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		113			1,330			(895	)		545			(30	)		(487	)		(925	)		58
Comprehensive loss	$	(57,526	)	$	(32,432	)	$	(108,673	)	$	(73,255	)
Comprehensive income (loss)													$	(58,435	)	$	8,304		$	(167,108	)	$	(64,951	)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(1.36	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(2.56	)	$	(1.98	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		42,510			37,257			42,170			37,180
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic													$	(1.37	)	$	0.24		$	(3.93	)	$	(1.75	)
Diluted													$	(1.37	)	$	0.23		$	(3.93	)	$	(1.75	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic														42,629			37,342			42,324			37,234
Diluted														42,629			38,877			42,324			37,234

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021															Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
							Accumulated															Accumulated
					Additional		Other						Total							Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’			Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Equity			Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Equity
Balances at March 31, 2021		42,505	$	4	$	895,079	$	(1,368	)	$	(339,211	)	$	554,504
Balances at June 30, 2021																	42,555	$	4	$	905,346	$	(1,255	)	$	(396,850	)	$	507,245
Exercise of stock options		50		—		275		—			—			275			163		—		1,729		—			—			1,729
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan																	35		—		1,141		—			—			1,141
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		9,992		—			—			9,992			—		—		9,734		—			—			9,734
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net		—		—		—		113			—			113
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net																	—		—		—		(30	)		—			(30	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(57,639	)		(57,639	)		—		—		—		—			(58,405	)		(58,405	)
Balances at June 30, 2021		42,555	$	4	$	905,346	$	(1,255	)	$	(396,850	)	$	507,245
Balances at September 30, 2021																	42,752	$	4	$	917,950	$	(1,285	)	$	(455,255	)	$	461,414

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Total

Common Stock

Paid-in

Comprehensive

Accumulated

Stockholders’

Shares

Amount

Capital

Income (Loss)

Deficit

Equity

Balances at March 31, 2020

37,190

$
4

$
638,588

$
(580
)

$
(217,860
)

$
420,152

Exercise of stock options

101

—

1,825

—

—

1,825

Stock-based compensation expense

—

—

8,316

—

—

8,316

Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net

—

—

—

1,330

—

1,330

Net loss

—

—

—

—

(33,762
)

(33,762
)
Balances at June 30, 2020

37,291

$
4

$
648,729

$
750

$
(251,622
)

$
397,861

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Total

Common Stock

Paid-in

Comprehensive

Accumulated

Stockholders’

Shares

Amount

Capital

Loss

Deficit

Equity

Balances at December 31, 2020

37,476

$
4

$
667,181

$
(360
)

$
(289,072
)

$
377,753

Issuance of common stock upon public offering,
net of transaction costs of $14,194

4,899

—

216,059

—

—

216,059

Exercise of stock options

161

—

1,567

—

—

1,567

Issuance of common stock under employee
stock purchase plan

19

—

627

—

—

627

Stock-based compensation expense

—

—

19,912

—

—

19,912

Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net

—

—

—

(895
)

—

(895
)
Net loss

—

—

—

—

(107,778
)

(107,778
)
Balances at June 30, 2021

42,555

$
4

$
905,346

$
(1,255
)

$
(396,850
)

$
507,245

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020														Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
							Accumulated														Accumulated
					Additional		Other					Total							Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated			Stockholders’			Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income		Deficit			Equity			Shares		Amount		Capital		Income			Deficit			Equity
Balances at December 31, 2019		36,992	$	4	$	627,810	$	205	$	(177,822	)	$	450,197
Balances at June 30, 2020																37,291	$	4	$	648,729	$	750		$	(251,622	)	$	397,861
Exercise of stock options		282		—		3,979		—		—			3,979			74		—		268		—			—			268
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		17		—		607		—		—			607			38		—		1,192		—			—			1,192
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		16,333		—		—			16,333			—		—		8,035		—			—			8,035
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net		—		—		—		545		—			545
Net loss		—		—		—		—		(73,800	)		(73,800	)
Balances at June 30, 2020		37,291	$	4	$	648,729	$	750	$	(251,622	)	$	397,861
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net																—		—		—		(487	)		—			(487	)
Net income																—		—		—		—			8,791			8,791
Balances at September 30, 2020																37,404	$	4	$	658,224	$	263		$	(242,831	)	$	415,660

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
							Accumulated
					Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Equity
Balances at December 31, 2020		37,476	$	4	$	667,181	$	(360	)	$	(289,072	)	$	377,753
Issuance of common stock upon public offering, net of transaction costs of $14,194		4,899		—		216,059		—			—			216,059
Exercise of stock options		324		—		3,296		—			—			3,296
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		54		—		1,768		—			—			1,768
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		29,646		—			—			29,646
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net		—		—		—		(925	)		—			(925	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(166,183	)		(166,183	)
Balances at September 30, 2021		42,752	$	4	$	917,950	$	(1,285	)	$	(455,255	)	$	461,414

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
							Accumulated
					Additional		Other					Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income		Deficit			Equity
Balances at December 31, 2019		36,992	$	4	$	627,810	$	205	$	(177,822	)	$	450,197
Exercise of stock options		356		—		4,247		—		—			4,247
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		55		—		1,799		—		—			1,799
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		24,368		—		—			24,368
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net		—		—		—		58		—			58
Net loss		—		—		—		—		(65,009	)		(65,009	)
Balances at September 30, 2020		37,404	$	4	$	658,224	$	263	$	(242,831	)	$	415,660

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(107,778	)	$	(73,800	)	$	(166,183	)	$	(65,009	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation expense		19,912			16,333			29,646			24,368
Depreciation and amortization		4,130			4,126			6,958			6,302
Provision for credit losses		565			—			5,532			7,678
Net amortization of premiums on marketable debt securities		2,871			205			4,377			586
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on marketable securities		(7	)		704
Net losses (gains) on investments								(5,189	)		8,207
Imputed interest income from licensing		(231	)		(1,900	)		(341	)		(2,033	)
Non-cash interest expense		13,068			—			19,777			—
Other non-cash adjustments		(217	)		373			(51	)		263
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(1,484	)		(2,711	)		(7,886	)		(89,442	)
Prepaid expenses		(2,587	)		(3,274	)		(7,896	)		(9,637	)
Other current assets		(3,107	)		(3,072	)		(3,307	)		(2,998	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,482			1,443			3,780			1,986
Other assets		(2,413	)		1,355			(4,402	)		1,318
Accounts payable		(847	)		4,078			6,503			9,907
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(5,880	)		1,434			473			18,400
Operating lease liabilities		10,492			(1,197	)		10,849			(2,222	)
Other liabilities		28			(1,166	)		(2	)		(1,203	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(71,003	)		(57,069	)		(107,362	)		(93,529	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of marketable debt securities		(241,991	)		(70,665	)		(262,671	)		(79,374	)
Maturities of marketable debt securities		86,470			146,353			136,386			189,882
Sales of marketable debt securities		—			2,287			—			2,287
Sales of marketable equity securities		—			7,124
Sales of equity securities								5,563			12,374
Purchases of property and equipment		(50,863	)		(7,908	)		(69,561	)		(13,980	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(206,384	)		77,191			(190,283	)		111,189
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		1,567			3,979			3,296			4,247
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		627			607			1,768			1,799
Proceeds from public offering of common stock, net of underwriting discounts and commissions		216,438			—			216,438			—
Issuance costs for public offering of common stock		(379	)		—			(379	)		—
Repayments under liability related to sale of future royalties		(21,955	)		—			(33,252	)		—
Transaction costs for sale of future royalties		(265	)		—			(265	)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		196,033			4,586			187,606			6,046
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(81,354	)		24,708			(110,039	)		23,706
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of period		339,756			70,844			339,756			70,844
End of period	$	258,402		$	95,552		$	229,717		$	94,550
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities
Additions to property and equipment through accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	3,516		$	—
Net additions to property and equipment through accounts payable and accrued expenses							$	3,250		$	46
Non-cash additions to property and equipment through tenant improvement allowance							$	—		$	2,217
Non-cash consideration received for licenses granted	$	—		$	1,123		$	—		$	1,123
Proceeds due to Company from sales of non-marketable equity securities							$	646		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

REGENXBIO Inc. (the Company) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company seeking to improve lives through the curative potential of gene therapy. The Company has developed a broad pipeline of gene therapy product candidates using its proprietary adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery platform (NAV Technology Platform), which consists of exclusive rights to over 100 novel AAV vectors, including AAV7, AAV8, AAV9 and AAVrh10. In addition to its internal product development efforts, the Company also selectively licenses the NAV® Technology Platform to other leading biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies (NAV Technology Licensees). As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the NAV Technology Platform was being applied by NAV Technology Licensees in one commercially available product, Zolgensma®, and in the preclinical and clinical development of 20 licensed products. The Company was formed in 2008 in the State of Delaware and is headquartered in Rockville, Maryland.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the Company had generated an accumulated deficit of ~~$396.9~~$455.3 million since inception. As the Company has incurred cumulative losses since inception, transition to recurring profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure, which depends heavily on the successful development, approval and commercialization of its product candidates. The Company may never achieve recurring profitability, and unless and until it does, the Company will continue to need to raise additional capital, to the extent possible. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of ~~$593.0~~$533.5 million, which management believes is sufficient to fund operations for at least the next 12 months from the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021. Certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP which are normally included in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements have been omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations for interim reporting. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, and the notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities for the periods presented. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities, and other reported amounts, that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Significant estimates are used in the following areas, among others: license and royalty revenue, the allowance for credit losses, accrued research and development expenses and other accrued liabilities, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash interest expense, income taxes and the fair value of financial instruments.

The Company is actively monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, results of operations and financial condition. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition in the future is unknown at this time and will depend on future developments that are highly unpredictable. The most significant estimates affecting the Company’s consolidated financial statements that may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic are related to the Company’s assessment of credit losses on accounts receivable, contract assets and available-for-sale debt securities.

Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current period financial statement presentation. These reclassifications are not material and have no effect on previously reported financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Restricted cash includes money market mutual funds used to collateralize irrevocable letters of credit as required by the Company’s lease agreements. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported on the consolidated balance sheets to the total of these amounts as reported at the end of the period in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2021		June 30, 2020		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	257,072	$	94,222	$	228,387	$	93,220
Restricted cash		1,330		1,330		1,330		1,330
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	258,402	$	95,552	$	229,717	$	94,550

Accounts receivable primarily consist of consideration due to the Company resulting from its license agreements with NAV Technology Licensees. Accounts receivable include amounts invoiced to licensees as well as rights to consideration which have not yet been invoiced, including unbilled royalties, and for which payment is conditional solely upon the passage of time. If a licensee elects to terminate a license prior to the end of the license term, the licensed intellectual property is returned to the Company and any accounts receivable from the licensee which are not contractually payable to the Company are charged off as a reduction of license revenue in the period of the termination. Accounts receivable which are not expected to be received by the Company within 12 months from the reporting date are stated net of a discount to present value and recorded as non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The present value discount is recognized as a reduction of revenue in the period in which the accounts receivable are initially recorded and is accreted as interest income from licensing over the term of the receivables.

Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for credit losses, if deemed necessary based on the Company’s evaluation of collectability and potential credit losses. Management assesses the collectability of its accounts receivable using the specific identification of account balances, and considers the credit quality and financial condition of its significant customers, historical information regarding credit losses and the Company’s evaluation of current and expected future economic conditions. If necessary, an allowance for credit losses is recorded against accounts receivable such that the carrying value of accounts receivable reflects the net amount expected to be collected. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance for credit losses when the potential for collectability is considered remote. Please refer to Note 8 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable.

The Company is required to disclose information on all assets and liabilities reported at fair value that enables an assessment of the inputs used in determining the reported fair values. Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a hierarchy of inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy applies only to the valuation inputs used in determining the reported fair value of the investments and is not a measure of the investment credit quality. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 instruments are based on quoted market prices or broker or dealer quotations for similar assets. These investments are initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued utilizing third party pricing providers or other market observable data. Please refer to Note 4 for further information on the fair value measurement of the Company’s financial instruments.

Basic net ~~loss~~income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net ~~loss~~income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net ~~loss~~income (loss) per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted-average common shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method. Contingently convertible shares in which conversion is based on non-market-priced contingencies are excluded from the calculations of both basic and diluted net ~~loss~~income (loss) per share until the contingency has been fully met. For purposes of the diluted net ~~loss~~income (loss) per share calculation, common stock equivalents are excluded from the calculation of diluted net ~~loss~~income (loss) per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The following tables present a summary of the Company’s marketable securities, which consist solely of available-for-sale debt securities (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
June 30, 2021
September 30, 2021
U.S. government and federal agency securities	$	7,563	$	—	$	(1	)	$	7,562	$	25,003	$	—	$	(23	)	$	24,980
Certificates of deposit		1,466		13		—			1,479		2,939		10		(1	)		2,948
Corporate bonds		324,237		132		(542	)		323,827		274,592		41		(452	)		274,181
Municipal securities		3,014		3		—			3,017		3,004		—		—			3,004
	$	336,280	$	148	$	(543	)	$	335,885	$	305,538	$	51	$	(476	)	$	305,113

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 0 available-for-sale debt securities had remaining maturities greater than three years. The amortized cost of marketable debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, or to the earliest call date for callable debt securities purchased at a premium.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted solely of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities, net of reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses and income tax effects. The Company uses the aggregate portfolio approach to release the tax effects of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses from the sale or maturity of marketable securities are based on the specific identification method and are included in results of operations as investment income (loss). Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net, as presented in the statements of operations and comprehensive ~~loss~~income (loss) consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Unrealized gain (loss) before reclassifications	$	113	$	1,320	$	(888	)	$	565		$	(30	)	$	(457	)	$	(918	)	$	108
Realized losses (gains) reclassified to investment income		—		10		(7	)		(20	)
Realized gains reclassified to investment income (loss)												—			(30	)		(7	)		(50	)
Income tax expense		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net	$	113	$	1,330	$	(895	)	$	545		$	(30	)	$	(487	)	$	(925	)	$	58

The following tables present the fair values and unrealized losses of available-for-sale debt securities held by the Company in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater (in thousands):

	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater				Total					Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2021
September 30, 2021
U.S. government and federal agency securities	$	7,562	$	(1	)	$	—	$	—	$	7,562	$	(1	)	$	17,444	$	(23	)	$	—	$	—	$	17,444	$	(23	)
Certificates of deposit																489		(1	)		—		—		489		(1	)
Corporate bonds		255,444		(542	)		—		—		255,444		(542	)		238,835		(452	)		—		—		238,835		(452	)
	$	263,006	$	(543	)	$	—	$	—	$	263,006	$	(543	)	$	256,768	$	(476	)	$	—	$	—	$	256,768	$	(476	)

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, available-for-sale debt securities held by the Company in an unrealized loss position consisted of 4347 investment grade security positions. The Company has the intent and ability to hold such securities until recovery, and based on the credit quality of the issuers and low severity of each unrealized loss position relative to its amortized cost basis, the Company did not identify any credit losses associated with its available-for-sale debt securities. The Company did 0t record an allowance for credit losses on its available-for-sale debt securities as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020. The Company did 0t recognize any impairment or credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities during the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020.

During the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, the Company recognized total net realized and unrealized ~~gains (losses)~~losses of ~~$4.4~~$7.5 million and ~~$(0.7)~~$8.3 million, respectively, related to its marketable equity securities of Prevail Therapeutics Inc. (Prevail), which were acquired as consideration for a license to the NAV Technology Platform granted to Prevail in August 2017. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had sold all of its Prevail equity securities.

Financial instruments reported at fair value on a recurring basis include cash equivalents and marketable securities. The following tables present the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable securities in accordance with the hierarchy discussed in Note 2 (in thousands):

	Quoted		Significant						Quoted		Significant
	prices		other		Significant				prices		other		Significant
	in active		observable		unobservable				in active		observable		unobservable
	markets		inputs		inputs				markets		inputs		inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
June 30, 2021
September 30, 2021
Cash equivalents:
Money market mutual funds	$	—	$	215,738	$	—	$	215,738	$	—	$	187,123	$	—	$	187,123
Total cash equivalents		—		215,738		—		215,738		—		187,123		—		187,123
Marketable securities:
U.S. government and federal agency securities		—		7,562		—		7,562		—		24,980		—		24,980
Certificates of deposit		—		1,479		—		1,479		—		2,948		—		2,948
Corporate bonds		—		323,827		—		323,827		—		274,181		—		274,181
Municipal securities		—		3,017		—		3,017		—		3,004		—		3,004
Total marketable securities		—		335,885		—		335,885		—		305,113		—		305,113
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	—	$	551,623	$	—	$	551,623	$	—	$	492,236	$	—	$	492,236

	Quoted		Significant
	prices		other		Significant
	in active		observable		unobservable
	markets		inputs		inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
December 31, 2020
Cash equivalents:
Money market mutual funds	$	—	$	96,307	$	—	$	96,307
Total cash equivalents		—		96,307		—		96,307
Marketable securities:
U.S. government and federal agency securities		—		12,804		—		12,804
Certificates of deposit		—		1,990		—		1,990
Corporate bonds		—		166,292		—		166,292
Municipal securities		—		3,037		—		3,037
Total marketable securities		—		184,123		—		184,123
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	—	$	280,430	$	—	$	280,430

Management estimates that the carrying amounts of its current accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. Accounts receivable which contain non-current portions are recorded at their present values using a discount rate that is based on prevailing market rates and the credit profile of the licensee on the date the amounts are initially recorded. Management does not believe there have been any significant changes in market conditions or credit quality that would cause the discount rates initially used to be materially different from those that would be used as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 to determine the present value of the receivables. Accordingly, management estimates that the carrying value of its non-current accounts receivable approximates the fair value of those instruments.

Non-marketable equity securities are measured at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, ~~and~~the Company did 0t hold any non-marketable equity securities. As of December 31, 2020, non-marketable equity securities had a carrying value of $1.1 million and were included in other assets on the consolidated balance ~~sheets.~~sheet. The Company did not identify any observable price changes or changes in circumstances that would have had an adverse effect on the fair value of the securities as of ~~June 30, 2021 or~~ December 31, 2020. NaN remeasurements or impairment losses were recorded on non-marketable equity securities during the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The Company’s non-marketable equity securities as of December 31, 2020 consisted solely of equity securities of Corlieve Therapeutics SAS (Corlieve), which were acquired in June 2020 as consideration under a license and collaboration agreement with Corlieve. In July 2021, Corlieve was acquired by uniQure N.V. (uniQure). In exchange for its ownership in Corlieve, the Company received proceeds of €4.8 million ($5.6 million) from uniQure and is entitled to receive additional proceeds of €0.6 million ($0.6 million as of September 30, 2021) by July 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a realized gain of $5.2 million as a result of the acquisition of its Corlieve securities by uniQure, which is included in investment income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). In connection with the acquisition, the Company is also eligible to receive payments of up to €37.1 million ($43.2 million as of September 30, 2021) from uniQure contingent upon the achievement of various development and regulatory milestones, none of which have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2021. Proceeds contingent upon the achievement of these milestones will be recognized as investment income in the period in which any uncertainty regarding realization is substantially resolved, which may not occur until the achievement of the underlying milestones. It is at least reasonably possible that some or all of the proceeds contingent upon these milestones will not be realized by the Company.

	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020			September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	$	38,462		$	26,306		$	49,951		$	26,306
Computer equipment and software		3,840			3,764			4,070			3,764
Furniture and fixtures		6,486			4,114			6,515			4,114
Leasehold improvements		84,394			44,957			88,131			44,957
Total property and equipment		133,182			79,141			148,667			79,141
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(26,497	)		(22,674	)		(26,436	)		(22,674	)
Property and equipment, net	$	106,685		$	56,467		$	122,231		$	56,467

In December 2020, the Company entered into a royalty purchase agreement (the Royalty Purchase Agreement) with entities managed by Healthcare Royalty Management, LLC (collectively, HCR). Under the agreement, HCR purchased the Company’s rights to a capped amount of Zolgensma royalty payments under the Company’s license agreement with Novartis Gene Therapies, Inc. (formerly AveXis, Inc.) (Novartis Gene Therapies), including $4.0 million of royalty payments received by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2020 (the Pledged Royalties). In consideration for these rights, HCR paid the Company $200.0 million (the Purchase Price), less $4.0 million representing the payment of the Pledged Royalties to HCR. Beginning upon the effective date of the agreement, Zolgensma royalty payments, up to a specified threshold, will be paid to HCR, net of upstream royalties payable by the Company to certain licensors in accordance with existing license agreements.

Pursuant to the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the total amount of royalty payments to be received by HCR under the agreement is subject to an increasing cap (the Cap Amount) equal to (i) $260.0 million applicable for the period from the effective date of the agreement through November 7, 2024, and (ii) $300.0 million applicable for the period from November 8, 2024 through the effective date of termination of the license agreement with Novartis Gene Therapies. If, on or prior to the defined dates for each Cap Amount, the total amount of royalty payments received by HCR equals or exceeds the Cap Amount applicable to such date, the Royalty Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate and all rights to the Zolgensma royalty payments will revert back to the Company. The Company has no obligation to repay any amounts to HCR if total future Zolgensma royalty payments are not sufficient to achieve the applicable Cap Amount prior to the termination of the license agreement with Novartis Gene Therapies.

The Company has a call option to repurchase its rights to the purchased royalties from HCR for a repurchase price equal to, as of the option exercise date, $300.0 million minus the total amount of royalty payments received by HCR; provided, however, that with respect to a call option exercised on or before November 7, 2024, in the event that the then applicable Cap Amount minus the total amount of royalty payments received by HCR is less than $1.0 million, the repurchase price shall equal such difference.

The proceeds received from HCR of $196.0 million were recorded as a liability, net of transaction costs of $3.5 million, which is amortized over the estimated life of the arrangement using the effective interest method. In order to determine the amortization of the liability, the Company is required to estimate the total amount of future royalty payments to be received by HCR, subject to the Cap Amount, over the life of the arrangement. The total amount of royalty payments received by HCR under the agreement, less the net proceeds received by the Company of $192.5 million, is recorded as non-cash interest expense over the life of the arrangement using the effective interest method. Due to its continuing involvement in the underlying license agreement with Novartis Gene Therapies, the Company continues to recognize royalty revenue on net sales of Zolgensma and records the royalty payments to HCR as a reduction of the liability when paid. As such payments are made to HCR, the balance of the liability will be effectively repaid over the life of the Royalty Purchase Agreement.

The Company estimates the effective interest rate used to record non-cash interest expense under the Royalty Purchase Agreement based on its estimate of future royalty payments to be received by HCR. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the estimated effective interest rate under the agreement was ~~13.7%~~14.9%. Over the life of the arrangement, the actual effective interest rate will be affected by the amount and timing of the royalty payments received by HCR and changes in the Company’s forecasted royalties. At each reporting date, the Company reassesses its estimate of total future royalty payments to be received by HCR at the applicable Cap Amount, and prospectively adjusts the effective interest rate and amortization of the liability, as necessary.

The following table presents the changes in the liability related to the sale of future royalties under the Royalty Purchase Agreement with HCR (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	June 30, 2021			September 30, 2021
Liability related to sale of future royalties, beginning balance	$	193,298		$	193,298
Zolgensma royalties paid to HCR		(21,955	)		(33,252	)
Non-cash interest expense		13,068			19,777
Liability related to sale of future royalties, ending balance		184,411			179,823
Current portion of liability related to sale of future royalties		(33,335	)		(35,508	)
Liability related to sale of future royalties, non-current	$	151,076		$	144,315

In January 2021, the Company completed a public offering of 4,899,000 shares of its common stock (inclusive of 639,000 shares pursuant to the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares) at a price of $47.00 per share. The aggregate net proceeds received by the Company from the offering, inclusive of the underwriters’ option exercise, were $216.1 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the Company’s NAV Technology Platform was being applied by NAV Technology Licensees in 1 commercially available product, Zolgensma, and in the development of 20 other licensed products. Consideration to the Company under its license agreements may include: (i) up-front and annual fees, (ii) option fees to acquire additional licenses, (iii) milestone payments based on the achievement of certain development and sales-based milestones by licensees, (iv) sublicense fees and (v) royalties on sales of licensed products. Sublicense fees vary by license and range from a mid-single digit percentage to a low-double digit percentage of license fees received by licensees as a result of sublicenses. Royalties on net sales of commercialized products vary by license and range from a mid-single digit percentage to a low double-digit percentage of net sales by licensees.

Development milestone payments are evaluated each reporting period and are only included in the transaction price of each license and recognized as license revenue to the extent the milestones are considered probable of achievement. Sales-based milestones are excluded from the transaction price of each license agreement and recognized as royalty revenue in the period of achievement. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the Company’s license agreements, excluding additional licenses that could be granted upon the exercise of options by licensees, contained unachieved milestones which could result in aggregate milestone payments to the Company of up to $194.8 million, including (i) $23.3 million upon the commencement of various stages of clinical trials, (ii) $21.0 million upon the submission of regulatory approval filings, (iii) $93.5 million upon the approval of commercial products by regulatory agencies and (iv) $57.0 million upon the achievement of specified sales targets for licensed products. To the extent the milestone payments are realized by the Company, the Company will be obligated to pay sublicense fees to licensors based on a specified percentage of the fees earned by the Company. The achievement of milestones by licensees is highly dependent on the successful development and commercialization of licensed products and it is at least reasonably possible that some or all of the milestone fees will not be realized by the Company.

The following table presents changes in the balances of the Company’s net accounts receivable, contract assets and deferred revenue, as well as other information regarding revenue recognized during the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Accounts receivable, net, current and non-current:
Balance, beginning of period	$	43,898		$	48,895		$	46,266		$	42,303		$	47,202		$	46,494		$	46,266		$	42,303
Additions		22,441			18,834			41,160			36,976			30,385			100,243			71,544			137,220
Deductions		(19,137	)		(21,235	)		(40,224	)		(32,785	)		(28,840	)		(21,057	)		(69,063	)		(53,843	)
Balance, end of period	$	47,202		$	46,494		$	47,202		$	46,494		$	48,747		$	125,680		$	48,747		$	125,680

Contract assets:
Balance, beginning of period	$	649		$	350		$	350		$	—		$	702		$	350		$	350		$	—
Additions		53			—			702			350			407			—			1,109			350
Deductions		—			—			(350	)		—			—			—			(350	)		—
Balance, end of period	$	702		$	350		$	702		$	350		$	1,109		$	350		$	1,109		$	350

Deferred revenue, current and non-current:
Balance, beginning of period	$	4,124		$	3,333		$	4,232		$	3,333		$	4,025		$	4,457		$	4,232		$	3,333
Additions		—			1,124			—			1,124			—			—			—			1,124
Deductions		(99	)		—			(207	)		—			(99	)		(113	)		(306	)		(113	)
Balance, end of period	$	4,025		$	4,457		$	4,025		$	4,457		$	3,926		$	4,344		$	3,926		$	4,344

Revenue recognized during the period from:
Amounts included in deferred revenue at beginning of period	$	99		$	—		$	207		$	—		$	99		$	113		$	306		$	—
Performance obligations satisfied in previous periods	$	21,696		$	16,376		$	40,347		$	26,755		$	30,256		$	98,799		$	70,603		$	125,555

Additions to accounts receivable during the periods presented consisted primarily of receivables recorded related to royalties on net sales of Zolgensma, new licenses granted by the Company, the achievement of development and sales-based milestones by licensees and interest income from licensing recognized during the period. Deductions to accounts receivable during the periods presented consisted primarily of amounts collected from licensees and increases in the allowance for credit losses, as discussed further below. Additions to contract assets during the periods presented consisted primarily of development milestones deemed probable of achievement by licensees during the period. Deductions to contract assets during the periods presented consisted of the achievement of such milestones and billing of the associated milestone payments by the Company.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the Company had recorded deferred revenue of ~~$4.0~~$3.9 million which represents consideration received from licensees for performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied by the Company. Unsatisfied performance obligations consisted of (i) options granted to licensees that provide material rights to the licensee to acquire additional licenses from the Company, which will be satisfied upon the exercise or expiration of the options and (ii) research and development services to be performed by the Company related to licensed products, which will be satisfied as the research and development services are performed.

Revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was primarily attributable to Zolgensma royalty revenues, the achievement of sales-based milestones for net sales of Zolgensma, sublicense fees earned from licensees and changes in the transaction prices of the Company’s license agreements. Changes in transaction prices were primarily attributable to development milestones achieved or deemed probable of achievement during the periods, which were previously not considered probable of achievement.

	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020			September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Current accounts receivable:
Billed to customers	$	30,158		$	30,573		$	30,248		$	30,573
Unbilled		22,479			20,104			28,979			20,104
Allowance for credit losses		(8,243	)		(7,678	)		(13,210	)		(7,678	)
Current accounts receivable, net		44,394			42,999			46,017			42,999
Non-current accounts receivable:
Unbilled		2,808			3,267			2,730			3,267
Allowance for credit losses		—			—			—			—
Non-current accounts receivable, net		2,808			3,267			2,730			3,267
Total accounts receivable, net	$	47,202		$	46,266		$	48,747		$	46,266

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable and contract assets for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

	Accounts Receivable		Contract Assets		Accounts Receivable		Contract Assets
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	7,678	$	—	$	7,678	$	—
Provision for credit losses		565		—		5,532		—
Write-offs		—		—		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	8,243	$	—
Balance at September 30, 2021					$	13,210	$	—

The Company’s allowance for credit losses as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was related solely to accounts receivable from Abeona Therapeutics Inc. (Abeona). Please refer to the section below, Abeona Therapeutics Inc., for further information regarding amounts due from Abeona and the associated allowance for credit losses. The Company’s provision for credit losses was $5.0 million and $5.5 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, ~~was 0~~respectively, and ~~$0.6~~$7.7 million ~~respectively,~~ and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The Company’s provision for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was related solely to changes in estimates regarding the collectability of the accounts receivable due from Abeona. ~~NaN provision for credit losses was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.~~

In March 2014, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement, as amended, (the March 2014 License) with Novartis Gene Therapies (formerly AveXis, Inc.). Under the March 2014 License, the Company granted Novartis Gene Therapies an exclusive, worldwide commercial license, with rights to sublicense, to the NAV Technology Platform, as well as other certain rights, for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in humans by in vivo gene therapy. Novartis Gene Therapies launched commercial sales of Zolgensma, a licensed product under the March 2014 License, in the second quarter of 2019, upon which the Company began recognizing royalty revenue on net sales of the licensed product.

Pursuant to the March 2014 License, Novartis Gene Therapies was obligated to pay a sales-based milestone fee of $80.0 million to the Company upon the achievement of $1.0 billion in cumulative net sales of licensed products. Novartis Gene Therapies achieved cumulative net sales of Zolgensma of $1.0 billion in the third quarter of 2020, upon which the Company recognized revenue of $80.0 million related to the sales-based milestone fee. The $80.0 million milestone fee was recorded as accounts receivable as of September 30, 2020, and the Company received payment of the $80.0 million milestone fee from Novartis Gene Therapies in October 2020.

The Company recognized the following amounts under the March 2014 License with Novartis Gene Therapies (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020
Royalties on net sales of Zolgensma	$	18,428	$	11,945	$	36,691	$	21,924	$	30,254	$	18,799	$	66,946	$	40,723
Achievement of sales-based milestone for Zolgensma										—		80,000		—		80,000
Other license revenue		—		3,500		—		3,500		—		—		—		3,500
Total license and royalty revenue	$	18,428	$	15,445	$	36,691	$	25,424	$	30,254	$	98,799	$	66,946	$	124,223

Interest income from licensing	$	5	$	6	$	12	$	13	$	5	$	6	$	17	$	20

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had recorded total accounts receivable of ~~$19.1~~$28.4 million and $19.6 million, respectively, from Novartis Gene Therapies under the March 2014 License, which consisted primarily of unbilled receivables for Zolgensma royalties. Zolgensma royalties receivable recorded as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 included ~~$9.8~~$13.8 million expected to be paid to HCR in accordance with the Royalty Purchase Agreement discussed in Note 6. The Company recognizes royalty revenue from net sales of Zolgensma in the period in which the underlying products are sold by Novartis Gene Therapies, which in certain cases may require the

Company to estimate royalty revenue for periods of net sales which have not yet been reported to the Company. Estimated royalties are reconciled to actual amounts reported in subsequent periods and royalty revenues are adjusted, as necessary.

In November 2018, the Company entered into a license agreement with Abeona (as amended, the November 2018 License), for the treatment of various diseases using the NAV Technology Platform. Pursuant to the November 2018 License, Abeona was required to pay a license fee of $8.0 million to the Company no later than April 1, 2020. Abeona failed to make this payment, and in April 2020, the Company delivered to Abeona a notice of its breach of the license agreement and written demand for payment. Upon expiration of the applicable cure period in May 2020, the license agreement terminated. As a result of the termination, Abeona was required to pay aan additional $20.0 million license fee to the Company within 15 days of the termination date, which otherwise would have been due to the Company in November 2020. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the Company had not received any portion of the $28.0 million in license fees due from Abeona under the license agreement. Unpaid balances due under the November 2018 License accrue interest at 1.5% per month.

In May 2020, after the termination of the November 2018 License, Abeona filed a claim in arbitration alleging that the Company had breached certain responsibilities to communicate with Abeona regarding the Company’s prosecution of licensed patents under the November 2018 License. The Company disputed Abeona’s claim and filed a counterclaim in arbitration demanding payment of the $28.0 million of unpaid fees from Abeona, plus accrued interest. ~~Based on its evaluation of the merits of Abeona’s claim, the Company did not record any liabilities related to this claim as of June 30, 2021.~~ A binding arbitration was held in March 2021. In July 2021, the arbitration tribunal issued its ruling, which denied Abeona’s claim and upheld the Company’s counterclaim. The ~~tribunal~~arbitration tribunal’s ruling, which was subsequently amended to reflect a minor adjustment in the computation of accrued interest, awarded the Company a total of $33.6 million, which consisted of $28.0 million in damages and ~~$6.1~~$5.6 million in accrued interest ~~to be paid by Abeona. The accrued interest awarded was subsequently reduced to $5.6 million to correct a computational error, resulting in a total corrected award of $33.6 million~~ payable to the Company by Abeona. As of ~~August 4,~~October 28, 2021, the Company had not received any portion of the $33.6 million arbitration award from Abeona.

The Company has filed a petition to confirm the arbitration award and to enter judgment on it in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for New York County. The Company cannot be certain of the precise timing or amount of recovery and will continue to pursue enforcement of the award against Abeona. Abeona has filed an additional claim in a second arbitration to enforce a purported settlement relating to the unpaid fees, which the Company disputes.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had recorded gross accounts receivable of $30.1 million from Abeona under the November 2018 License, which consisted of the $8.0 million fee due April 1, 2020, the $20.0 million fee due within 15 days of the termination of the license agreement in May 2020 and accrued interest on the outstanding balances. While the Company anticipates taking appropriate measures to enforce the aforementioned arbitration award if Abeona does not comply with the tribunal’s ruling, the Company assessed the collectability of the $30.1 million due from Abeona as it relates to credit risk. In performing this assessment, the Company evaluated Abeona’s credit profile and financial condition, as well its expectations regarding Abeona’s future cash flows and ability to satisfy this obligation. As a result of its analyses, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses of ~~$8.2~~$13.2 million and $7.7 million as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, related to the accounts receivable due from Abeona. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of 0$5.0 million and ~~$0.6~~$5.5 million ~~respectively,~~ for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, respectively, as a result of changes in estimates regarding the allowance during the periods.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had recognized interest income from licensing of $2.1 million related to the unpaid license fees from Abeona under the November 2018 License, which is included in the gross accounts receivable balance of $30.1 million. In accordance with its interest accrual policy, the Company ceased the recognition of interest income accrued under the license agreement subsequent to the establishment of the allowance for credit losses in the third quarter of 2020. The arbitration tribunal’s ruling in July 2021, as subsequently ~~corrected,~~adjusted, awarded the Company $5.6 million in accrued interest payable by Abeona, including $3.5 million of interest earned subsequent to the receivable being placed on non-accrual status which has not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. ~~The~~As of September 30, 2021, the Company ~~will continue~~had continued to maintain the accounts receivable due from Abeona on non-accrual status and will not recognize any further interest income associated with the accounts receivable unless and until such amounts are deemed to be collectable.

In September 2021, the Company entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with AbbVie Global Enterprises Ltd. (AbbVie), a subsidiary of AbbVie Inc., to develop and commercialize RGX-314, the Company’s product candidate for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other chronic retinal diseases (the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement). The transaction is contingent upon the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting or suspension period under the Hart-Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and any other applicable competition laws.

The Company will lead the manufacturing of RGX-314 for clinical development and U.S. commercial supply, and AbbVie will lead manufacturing of RGX-314 for commercial supply outside the United States. Manufacturing expenses will be allocated between the parties in accordance with the terms of the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement and mutually agreed supply agreements. In the United States, the Company shall participate in commercialization of licensed products under a commercialization plan to be determined in accordance with the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement, and the parties will equally share net profits and net losses associated with commercialization of licensed products in the United States. Outside the United States, AbbVie will be responsible, at its sole cost, for the commercialization of licensed products.

The Company will receive an upfront payment of $370.0 million from AbbVie in connection with the closing of the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement. Additionally, the Company will be eligible to receive up to $1.38 billion in development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, in the aggregate, for the achievement of specified milestones for the licensed products, of which $782.5 million are based on development and regulatory milestones, with the remainder based on commercial milestones. The Company will also be eligible to receive tiered royalties on net sales by AbbVie of licensed products outside the United States at percentages in the mid-teens to low twenties, subject to specified offsets and reductions. Royalties will be payable on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis outside the United States commencing on the date of first commercial sale of each licensed product, and ending on the later of (a) expiration of all valid claims of specified licensed patents in such country, (b) expiration of regulatory exclusivity in such country and (c)(x) if such country is in the European Union, 12 years following first commercial sale of such product in such country, or (y) if such country is outside the European Union, 10 years following the first commercial sale of such product in such country (the Royalty Term).

The AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement will remain in effect, unless earlier terminated, on a country-by-country basis until (a) in the case of the United States, the later of (i) the 120th day after any quarter in which no licensed product is being developed or commercialized under such agreement, and (ii) the date that specified licensed patents for a licensed product expire in the United States, and (b) in the case of any country outside the United States, the date the Royalty Term for a licensed product expires in such country. The AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement contains provisions for termination, including termination for convenience by AbbVie.

Contemporaneously with entering into the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement, in September 2021, the Company entered into a Sublicense Agreement with AbbVie (the AbbVie Sublicense Agreement) pursuant to which the Company granted AbbVie an exclusive sublicense to exploit licensed products in connection with the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement

under specified patents licensed to the Company from The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. The AbbVie Sublicense Agreement will be coterminous with the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement.

In January 2021, the Board of Directors authorized an additional 1,499,037 shares to be issued under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2015 Plan). As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the total number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan and the 2014 Stock Plan (the 2014 Plan) was 13,911,954, of which ~~2,389,462~~2,392,917 remained available for future grants under the 2015 Plan.

The Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020
Stock options	$	9,075	$	8,086	$	18,090	$	15,865	$	8,920	$	7,880	$	27,010	$	23,745
Restricted stock units		715		—		1,394		—		698		—		2,093		—
Employee stock purchase plan		202		230		428		468		116		155		543		623
	$	9,992	$	8,316	$	19,912	$	16,333	$	9,734	$	8,035	$	29,646	$	24,368

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the Company had ~~$85.4~~$75.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, restricted stock units and the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 2015 ESPP), which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~2.6~~2.5 years.

The Company recorded aggregate stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive ~~loss~~income (loss) as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020
Research and development	$	5,099	$	4,284	$	10,131	$	8,331	$	4,868	$	4,110	$	14,999	$	12,442
General and administrative		4,893		4,032		9,781		8,002		4,866		3,925		14,647		11,926
	$	9,992	$	8,316	$	19,912	$	16,333	$	9,734	$	8,035	$	29,646	$	24,368

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the 2014 Plan and 2015 Plan (in thousands, except per share data):

						Weighted-									Weighted-
						average									average
				Weighted-		Remaining							Weighted-		Remaining
				average		Contractual		Aggregate					average		Contractual		Aggregate
				Exercise		Life		Intrinsic					Exercise		Life		Intrinsic
	Shares			Price		(Years)		Value (a)		Shares			Price		(Years)		Value (a)
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		6,361		$	31.21		7.2	$	101,356		6,361		$	31.21		7.2	$	101,356
Granted		1,289		$	44.03						1,373		$	43.47
Exercised		(155	)	$	10.32						(325	)	$	11.21
Cancelled or forfeited		(151	)	$	46.89						(232	)	$	45.79
Outstanding at June 30, 2021		7,344		$	33.59		7.2	$	64,471
Exercisable at June 30, 2021		4,312		$	27.38		6.1	$	61,434
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2021		7,344		$	33.59		7.2	$	64,471
Outstanding at September 30, 2021											7,177		$	33.99		7.0	$	74,141
Exercisable at September 30, 2021											4,408		$	28.74		6.0	$	67,896
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2021											7,177		$	33.99		7.0	$	74,141

The weighted-average grant date fair value per share of options granted during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 was ~~$26.65.~~$26.28. During the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the total number of stock options exercised was ~~155,496,~~325,273, resulting in total proceeds of ~~$1.6~~$3.3 million. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 was ~~$5.2~~$10.1 million.

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity under the 2015 Plan (in thousands, except per share data):

				Weighted-					Weighted-
				average					average
				Grant Date					Grant Date
	Shares			Fair Value		Shares			Fair Value
Unvested balance at December 31, 2020		—		$	—		—		$	—
Granted		267		$	44.51		277		$	44.17
Vested		—		$	—		—		$	—
Forfeited		(5	)	$	44.97		(12	)	$	44.68
Unvested balance at June 30, 2021		262		$	44.50
Unvested balance at September 30, 2021							265		$	44.15

No restricted stock units vested during the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020.

In January 2021, the Board of Directors authorized an additional 374,759 shares to be issued under the 2015 ESPP. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, the total number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2015 ESPP was 998,683, of which ~~803,728~~769,174 remained available for future issuance. During the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, ~~19,042~~53,596 shares of common stock were issued under the 2015 ESPP.

The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the realizability of its deferred tax assets. Based on the Company’s history of operating losses, including three-year cumulative loss positions as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company concluded that it is more likely than not that the benefit of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company provided a full valuation allowance for its net deferred tax assets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Since 2016, the Company has been party to professional services agreements with FOXKISER LLP (FOXKISER), an affiliate of certain stockholders of the Company and an affiliate of a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, pursuant to which the Company pays a fixed monthly fee in consideration for certain strategic services provided by FOXKISER. Effective January 2019, the Company entered into a new professional services agreement with FOXKISER with similar terms and conditions as the previous agreements. The agreement was amended effective June 2019 to expand the scope of the services provided and increase the monthly fee. Effective August 2020, the agreement was further amended to extend the term of the agreement by two years through December 2022. The agreement may be terminated by either party with six months’ advanced written notice. Expenses incurred under the agreement with FOXKISER were $1.2 million and ~~$2.4~~$3.6 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, respectively, and $1.2 million and ~~$2.4~~$3.6 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, respectively, and were recorded as research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive ~~loss.~~income (loss).

~~Since~~The computations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share were as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020		2021			2020
Basic net income (loss) per share:
Net income (loss)	$	(58,405	)	$	8,791	$	(166,183	)	$	(65,009	)
Shares used in computation:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		42,629			37,342		42,324			37,234
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	(1.37	)	$	0.24	$	(3.93	)	$	(1.75	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
Net income (loss)	$	(58,405	)	$	8,791	$	(166,183	)	$	(65,009	)
Shares used in computation:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		42,629			37,342		42,324			37,234
Stock options		—			1,529		—			—
Employee stock purchase plan		—			6		—			—
Weighted-average diluted common shares		42,629			38,877		42,324			37,234
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	(1.37	)	$	0.23	$	(3.93	)	$	(1.75	)

For periods in which the Company incurred net losses, ~~for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020,~~ common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for such periods. The following potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding at the end of the period were excluded from the computations of weighted-average diluted common shares for the periods indicated as their effects would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three and Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020
Stock options issued and outstanding		7,344		6,496		7,177		4,072		7,177		6,409
Unvested restricted stock units outstanding		262		—		265		—		265		—
Employee stock purchase plan		35		38		15		—		15		21
		7,641		6,534		7,457		4,072		7,457		6,430

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Accrued purchases of property and equipment	$	11,723	$	7,853
Accrued sublicense fees and royalties		11,517		12,160	$	15,869	$	12,160
Accrued personnel costs		10,869		13,155		14,034		13,155
Accrued purchases of property and equipment						8,303		7,853
Accrued external research and development expenses		9,336		9,738		8,069		9,738
Accrued external general and administrative expenses		2,885		2,865		2,974		2,865
Accrued income taxes payable		—		3,135		—		3,135
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities		431		176		445		176
	$	46,761	$	49,082	$	49,694	$	49,082

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which we filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021. In addition, you should read the “Risk Factors” and “Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

We are a leading clinical-stage biotechnology company seeking to improve lives through the curative potential of gene therapy. Our gene therapy product candidates are designed to deliver genes to cells to address genetic defects or to enable cells in the body to produce therapeutic proteins that are intended to impact disease. Through a single administration, our gene therapy product candidates are designed to provide long-lasting effects, potentially significantly altering the course of disease and delivering improved patient outcomes.

We have developed a broad pipeline of gene therapy programs using our proprietary adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy delivery platform (NAV Technology Platform) to address genetic diseases through two modalities: AAV-mediated antibody delivery and monogenic gene replacement. The AAV-mediated antibody delivery modality is designed to treat serious and chronic diseases by delivering the genes necessary for the sustained production of therapeutic antibodies in vivo. Our monogenic gene replacement approach builds upon the well-understood mechanism of replacing a dysfunctional or missing gene with a functional copy of the gene in order to enable sustained production of necessary proteins.

We have initiated a pivotal program to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RGX-314 in patients with wet AMD using the subretinal delivery approach. We plan to conduct two randomized, well-controlled clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RGX-314 in patients with wet AMD, ~~enrolling~~in which we expect to enroll approximately 700 patients total. The first pivotal trial (ATMOSPHERE^TM) is enrolling patients and we are ~~on-track~~planning to initiate the second pivotal trial in the fourth quarter of 2021. Based on the outcome of these trials, the pivotal program is expected to support a Biologics License Application (BLA) filing in 2024.

As of ~~January 22,~~August 9, 2021, RGX-314 continued to be generally well-tolerated across all dose cohorts of the ongoing Phase I/II trial of RGX-314 for the treatment of wet AMD and its Long-Term-Follow-Up study. Durable treatment effect was observed in patients in Cohorts 4 and 5 at ~~1.5~~2 years after administration of RGX-314, including stable visual acuity, decreased retinal thickness, and reductions in anti-VEGF injection burden. Long-term, durable treatment effect was demonstrated in Cohort 3 over three years, including mean improvement in vision and stable retinal thickness, and reductions in anti-VEGF treatment burden.

We are also conducting a Phase II trial of the suprachoroidal delivery of RGX-314 using the SCS Microinjector for the treatment of wet AMD known as ~~AAVIATE~~^®AAVIATE®. ~~We have completed enrollment~~In October 2021, we presented positive initial data from patients enrolled in the ongoing Phase II AAVIATE trial. As of September 13, 2021, RGX-314 was reported to be well-tolerated across 50 patients dosed in Cohorts 1 through 3. At six months following one-time administration of RGX-314, stable visual acuity and retinal thickness, as well as a meaningful reduction in anti-VEGF treatment burden was observed in patients from Cohort 1 (dose level: 2.5x10¹¹ genomic copies per eye (GC/eye)). Among patients in Cohort 1, common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) in the study eye were generally mild, and none were severe. Mild intraocular inflammation was observed in four out of ~~this trial,~~15 patients based on slit-lamp examination, and weall cases were resolved within days to weeks on topical corticosteroids.

We plan to report interim ~~data from~~results at six months of follow-up for patients in Cohort 1 2 at the ~~Retina Society 54th~~American Academy of Ophthalmology 2021 Annual ~~Scientific~~ Meeting in ~~Chicago, IL, September 29-October 2,~~New Orleans, LA, November 12-15, 2021. We have also ~~completed enrollment in Cohort 2 and expect to report interim data from Cohort 2 in the fourth quarter of 2021. In addition, we have expanded AAVIATE to include a third cohort of patients and we have~~ completed dosing of patients in Cohort ~~3. Cohort~~ 3 ~~will evaluate~~which is evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of RGX-314 in up to 20 patients who are neutralizing antibody (NAb) ~~positive. The same dose evaluated in Cohort 2, 5.0x10~~¹¹ ~~genomic copies per eye (GC/eye) of RGX-314, will be delivered to patients in Cohort 3 via a single injection. As~~positive with ~~Cohorts 1 and 2, patients in Cohort 3 will not receive prophylactic immune suppressive corticosteroid therapy before or after administration of RGX-314.~~

~~In addition, we are enrolling patients in ALTITUDE~~^TM~~, a Phase II trial of~~ the ~~suprachoroidal delivery of RGX-314 for the treatment of DR. We have completed enrollment of patients in Cohort 1 and we have begun enrolling patients in Cohort 2~~

of this trial. We expect to report initial data from this trial in the fourth quarter of 2021. In addition, we have expanded ALTITUDE and plan to enroll patients in a third cohort. Cohort 3 will evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of RGX-314 in up to 20 patients who are NAb positive. The same dose evaluated in Cohort 2, 5.0x10¹¹ GC/eye of RGX-314.

In October 2021, we announced that the AAVIATE trial expanded to include two additional cohorts (Cohorts 4 and 5) to evaluate RGX-314 at a dose level of 1.0x10¹² GC/eye. Cohort 4 will enroll 15 patients who will be ~~delivered to patients~~dosed with RGX-314 and Cohort 5 will evaluate the same dose level evaluated in Cohort ~~3 and, as~~4 in 20 patients who are neutralizing antibody (NAb) positive. As in previous cohorts, patients will not receive prophylactic immune suppressive corticosteroid therapy before or after administration of RGX-314.

In addition, we are enrolling patients in ALTITUDE^TM,a Phase II trial of the suprachoroidal delivery of RGX-314 for the treatment of DR. In October 2021, we presented positive initial data from patients in Cohort 1 of the ongoing Phase II ALTITUDE trial. As of September 29, 2021, RGX-314 was reported to be well tolerated with no drug-related serious adverse events in the 15 patients dosed with RGX-314 in Cohort 1 (dose level: 2.5x10¹¹ GC/ eye). No intraocular inflammation was observed on slit-lamp examination. Three months following one-time administration of RGX-314, five patients (33%) demonstrated a two-step or greater improvement from baseline on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study-Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (ETDRS-DRSS), including one patient who had a four-step improvement. No patients in the observation control portion of the study demonstrated a two-step or greater improvement from baseline on the ETDRS-DRSS.

Enrollment of patients in Cohorts 2 and 3 is ongoing in ALTITUDE. Both cohorts will evaluate RGX-314 at a dose level of 5.0x10¹¹ GC/eye. Cohort 2 will include 20 patients randomized to receive RGX-314 versus observational control at a 3:1 ratio. Cohort 3 will evaluate RGX-314 at the same dose level as Cohort 2 in 20 patients who are NAb positive. As in Cohort 1, patients in Cohorts 2 and 3 will not receive prophylactic immune suppressive corticosteroid therapy before or after administration of RGX-314.

We are conducting a Phase I/II trial of RGX-121 in patients with MPS II up to the age of 5 years old. As reported in February 2021, RGX-121 was well-tolerated in Cohorts 1 and 2 of the Phase I/II trial, and no drug-related SAEs were reported. Biomarker data from patients in both cohorts indicated encouraging signals of I2S enzyme activity in the central nervous system following one-time administration of RGX-121, with consistent reductions of heparan sulfate (HS) and D2S6, a component of HS. Patients in Cohorts 1 and 2 also demonstrated continued neurocognitive development and evidence of I2S enzyme activity in plasma and urine following administration of RGX-121. We ~~continue to enroll patients in~~have expanded Cohort 3 of the ongoing Phase I/II trial ~~at an increased dose~~to enroll up to 6 additional patients. Additional data from this trial is expected to be reported in the first half of ~~2.0x10~~¹¹ ~~GC/g brain mass.~~

2022. In addition, we continue to enroll patients in a second Phase I/II trial of RGX-121, for the treatment of pediatric patients with MPS II over the age of 5 years old.

In addition to our ~~lead~~ product candidates described above, we have also funded, and plan to continue to fund, preclinical research on potential product candidate programs that may become part of our internal product development pipeline. We have partnered with a number of leading academic institutions and will continue to seek partnerships with innovative institutions to develop novel NAV gene therapy product candidates.

In addition to our internal product development efforts, we also selectively license the NAV Technology Platform to other leading biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, which we refer to as NAV Technology Licensees. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, our NAV Technology Platform was being applied in one FDA approved product (Zolgensma®), and the preclinical and clinical development of 20 partnered programs. Licensing the NAV Technology Platform allows us to maintain our internal product development focus on our core disease indications and therapeutic areas while still expanding the NAV gene therapy pipeline, developing a greater breadth of treatments for patients, providing additional technological and potential clinical proof-of-concept for our NAV Technology Platform, and creating potential additional revenue.

Pursuant to the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement, the parties will conduct certain activities for the development of products containing RGX-314 under a development plan determined in accordance with the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement. In the United States, the parties are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop one licensed product for the treatment of each of (a) wet AMD utilizing suprachoroidal delivery, (b) wet AMD utilizing subretinal delivery and (c) DR and, (d) following the achievement of specified milestone events, one licensed product for the treatment of an additional indication. In specified markets outside the United States, AbbVie is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop one licensed product for each such indication. Through December 31, 2022, we will be responsible for development expenses for certain ongoing trials of RGX-314 and the parties will share additional development expenses related to RGX-314. Beginning on January 1, 2023, AbbVie will be responsible for the majority of all RGX-314 development expenses.

We will lead the manufacturing of RGX-314 for clinical development and U.S. commercial supply, and AbbVie will lead manufacturing of RGX-314 for commercial supply outside the United States. The parties will equally share net profits and net losses associated with commercialization of licensed products in the United States. Outside the United States, AbbVie will be responsible, at its sole cost, for the commercialization of licensed products.

We will receive an upfront payment of $370.0 million from AbbVie in connection with the closing of the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement. Additionally, we will be eligible to receive up to $1.38 billion in development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, in the aggregate, for the achievement of specified milestones for the licensed products, of which $782.5 million are based on development and regulatory milestones, with the remainder based on commercial milestones. We will also be eligible to

receive tiered royalties on net sales by AbbVie of licensed products outside the United States at percentages in the mid-teens to low twenties, subject to specified offsets and reductions.

Subject to the closing of the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement, we anticipate the agreement will have a material impact on our future revenues, research and development expenses, other operating expenses and operating cash flows associated with the development and commercialization of RGX-314. For additional information regarding the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement, please refer to Note 8, “License and Royalty Revenue—Collaboration and License Agreement with AbbVie” to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

We are continuing to actively ~~monitoring~~monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of variant strains, on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our offices, laboratories, clinical trial sites, prospective clinical trial sites, contract research organizations (CROs), contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs) and other collaborators and partners are located in jurisdictions where quarantines, executive orders, shelter-in-place orders, guidelines, and other similar orders and restrictions intended to control the spread of the disease have been put in place by governmental authorities. At certain times during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented a work-from-home policy for all employees who are not essential to be onsite, and we may take additional actions that alter our operations, as may be required by federal, state or local authorities or which we determine are in the best interests of our employees.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused delays to our clinical trials and may further delay or prevent us from proceeding with our clinical trials. Our other business initiatives, such as preclinical development and manufacturing operations, may also be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, the construction of our current good manufacturing practice production facility has been delayed from our original estimates, and may be delayed further, due to various government orders and restrictions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, if the business and operations of our licensees are adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, our revenues could in turn be adversely affected. We are proactively taking measures to mitigate or reduce any adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the progress of our clinical trials and other business initiatives.

Our results of operations for the three and nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020 were not significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition in the future is unknown at this time and will depend on future developments that are highly unpredictable. Please refer to the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for further discussion of the risks we face as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our revenues to date consist primarily of license and royalty revenue resulting from the licensing of our NAV Technology Platform. We have not generated any revenues from commercial sales of our own products. If we fail to complete the development of our product candidates in a timely manner or obtain regulatory approval and adequate labeling, our ability to generate future revenues will be materially compromised.

We license our NAV Technology Platform to other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. The terms of the licenses vary, and licenses may be exclusive or non-exclusive and may be sublicensable by the licensee. Licenses may grant intellectual property rights for purposes of internal and preclinical research and development only, or may include the rights, or options to obtain future rights, to commercialize drug therapies for specific diseases using the NAV Technology Platform. License agreements generally have a term at least equal to the life of the underlying patents, but are terminable at the option of the licensee. Consideration from licensees under our license agreements may include: (i) up-front and annual fees, (ii) option fees to acquire additional licenses, (iii) milestone payments based on the achievement of certain development and sales-based milestones by licensees, (iv) sublicense fees and (v) royalties on sales of licensed products.

Royalty revenue to date consists primarily of royalties on net sales of Zolgensma, which is marketed by Novartis Gene Therapies, Inc. (formerly AveXis, Inc.) (Novartis Gene Therapies), a wholly owned subsidiary of Novartis AG (Novartis), for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Zolgensma is a licensed product under our license agreement with Novartis Gene Therapies for the development and commercialization of treatments for SMA.

Future license and royalty revenues are dependent on the successful development and commercialization of licensed products by our licensees, which is uncertain, and revenues may fluctuate significantly from period to period. Additionally, we may never receive consideration in our license agreements that is contemplated on option fees, development and sales-based milestone payments, royalties on sales of licensed products or sublicense fees, given the contingent nature of these payments. Our revenues are concentrated among a low number of licensees and licenses are terminable at the option of the licensee. The termination of our licenses by licensees may materially impact the amount of revenue we recognize in future periods.

Our operating expenses consist primarily of cost of revenues, research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses. Personnel costs including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense, comprise a significant component of research and development and general and administrative expenses. We allocate indirect expenses associated with our facilities, information technology costs, depreciation and other overhead costs between research and development and general and administrative categories based on employee headcount and the nature of work performed by each employee.

Our cost of revenues consists primarily of upstream fees due to our licensors as a result of revenue generated from the licensing of our NAV Technology Platform, including sublicense fees, milestone payments and royalties on net sales of licensed products. Sublicense fees are based on a percentage of license fees received by us from NAV Technology Licensees and are recognized in the period that the underlying license revenue is recognized. Milestone payments are payable to licensors upon the achievement of specified milestones by NAV Technology Licensees and are recognized in the period the milestone is achieved or deemed probable of achievement. Royalties are based on a percentage of net sales of licensed products by NAV Technology Licensees and are recognized in the period that the underlying sales occur. Future costs of revenues are uncertain due to the nature of our license agreements and significant fluctuations in cost of revenues may occur from period to period.

Up-front fees incurred in obtaining technology licenses for research and development activities, as well as associated milestone payments, are expensed as incurred if the technology licensed has no alternative future use.

We plan to increase our research and development expenses for the foreseeable future as we continue development of our product candidates. Our current and planned research and development activities include the following:

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses incurred during the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020
Direct Expenses
RGX-314	$	7,908	$	3,584	$	11,248	$	9,717	$	6,714	$	6,472	$	17,963	$	16,189
RGX-202		1,857		3,116		3,776		4,368		2,831		3,713		6,607		8,080
RGX-121		2,970		2,340		4,566		4,680
RGX-121 and RGX-111										2,608		3,580		8,178		9,161
RGX-181 and RGX-381		119		867		888		2,191		191		1,767		1,078		3,958
Other product candidates		581		2,906		1,245		3,863		153		863		395		3,828
Total direct expenses		13,435		12,813		21,723		24,819		12,497		16,395		34,221		41,216
Unallocated Expenses
Platform and new technologies		9,073		6,246		16,461		12,178		9,471		8,731		25,931		20,910
Personnel-related		18,154		16,162		37,815		32,021		19,955		15,731		57,770		47,752
Facilities and depreciation expense		4,495		2,670		8,624		5,322		5,189		2,829		13,813		8,151
Other unallocated		725		220		981		806		743		282		1,724		1,085
Total unallocated expenses		32,447		25,298		63,881		50,327		35,358		27,573		99,238		77,898
Total research and development	$	45,882	$	38,111	$	85,604	$	75,146	$	47,855	$	43,968	$	133,459	$	119,114

Platform and new technologies include direct costs not identifiable with a specific lead product candidate, including costs associated with our research and development platform used across programs, process development, manufacturing analytics and early research and development for prospective product candidates and new technologies. We typically utilize our employee and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We do not allocate personnel and other internal costs, such as facilities and other overhead costs, to specific product candidates or development programs.

Our general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and personnel-related costs, including benefits and stock-based compensation, for employees performing functions other than research and development. This includes certain personnel in executive, commercial, corporate development, finance, legal, human resources, information technology and administrative support functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility-related and overhead costs not otherwise allocated to research and development expense, professional fees for accounting, legal and advisory services, expenses associated with obtaining and maintaining patents, insurance costs, costs of our information systems and other commercial and general corporate activities. We expect that our general and administrative expense will continue to increase as we continue to develop, and potentially commercialize, our product candidates.

In accordance with our revenue recognition policy, interest income from licensing consists of imputed interest recognized from significant financing components identified in our license agreements with NAV Technology Licensees as well as interest income accrued on unpaid balances due from licensees.

Investment income consists of interest income earned and gains and losses realized from our cash equivalents, marketable securities and ~~marketable~~non-marketable equity securities, as well as unrealized gains and losses on marketable equity securities. Cash equivalents are comprised of money market mutual funds and highly liquid debt securities with original maturities of 90 days or less at acquisition. Marketable securities are comprised of available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities.

Interest expense consists of non-cash interest imputed on the liability related to the sale of future Zolgensma royalties to entities managed by Healthcare Royalty Management, LLC (collectively, HCR). Non-cash interest expense is recognized using the effective interest method, based on our estimate of total royalty payments expected to be received by HCR under the royalty purchase agreement.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities for the periods presented. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities, and other reported amounts, that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are fully described in Note 2 to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2020.

	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,									Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			Change			2021			2020			Change			2021			2020			Change			2021			2020			Change
Revenues
License and royalty revenue	$	22,035		$	16,566		$	5,469		$	40,919		$	34,210		$	6,709		$	30,773		$	98,912		$	(68,139	)	$	71,692		$	133,122		$	(61,430	)
Total revenues		22,035			16,566			5,469			40,919			34,210			6,709			30,773			98,912			(68,139	)		71,692			133,122			(61,430	)
Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		9,819			4,684			5,135			14,670			8,093			6,577			14,105			17,364			(3,259	)		28,775			25,457			3,318
Research and development		45,882			38,111			7,771			85,604			75,146			10,458			47,855			43,968			3,887			133,459			119,114			14,345
General and administrative		18,425			15,554			2,871			36,263			30,387			5,876			21,030			15,859			5,171			57,293			46,246			11,047
Provision for credit losses and other		135			50			85			650			117			533			5,131			7,770			(2,639	)		5,781			7,887			(2,106	)
Total operating expenses		74,261			58,399			15,862			137,187			113,743			23,444			88,121			84,961			3,160			225,308			198,704			26,604
Loss from operations		(52,226	)		(41,833	)		(10,393	)		(96,268	)		(79,533	)		(16,735	)
Income (loss) from operations																				(57,348	)		13,951			(71,299	)		(153,616	)		(65,582	)		(88,034	)
Other Income (Expense)
Interest income from licensing		554			1,849			(1,295	)		583			2,697			(2,114	)		117			1,444			(1,327	)		700			4,141			(3,441	)
Investment income		399			5,722			(5,323	)		979			2,536			(1,557	)
Investment income (loss)																				5,535			(6,607	)		12,142			6,514			(4,071	)		10,585
Interest expense		(6,366	)		—			(6,366	)		(13,068	)		—			(13,068	)		(6,709	)		—			(6,709	)		(19,777	)		—			(19,777	)
Total other income (expense)		(5,413	)		7,571			(12,984	)		(11,506	)		5,233			(16,739	)		(1,057	)		(5,163	)		4,106			(12,563	)		70			(12,633	)
Loss before income taxes		(57,639	)		(34,262	)		(23,377	)		(107,774	)		(74,300	)		(33,474	)
Income (loss) before income taxes																				(58,405	)		8,788			(67,193	)		(166,179	)		(65,512	)		(100,667	)
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)		—			500			(500	)		(4	)		500			(504	)		—			3			(3	)		(4	)		503			(507	)
Net loss	$	(57,639	)	$	(33,762	)	$	(23,877	)	$	(107,778	)	$	(73,800	)	$	(33,978	)
Net income (loss)																			$	(58,405	)	$	8,791		$	(67,196	)	$	(166,183	)	$	(65,009	)	$	(101,174	)

License and Royalty Revenue. License and royalty revenue ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$5.5~~$68.1 million, from ~~$16.6~~$98.9 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$22.0~~$30.8 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily attributable to an $80.0 million milestone payment recognized as revenue in the third quarter of 2020 as a result of the achievement of $1.0 billion in cumulative net sales of Zolgensma during the period. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in Zolgensma royalty revenues, which increased by ~~$6.5~~$11.5 million, from ~~$11.9~~$18.8 million for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2020 to ~~$18.4~~$30.3 million for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2021. As reported by Novartis, sales of Zolgensma for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2021 increased by ~~54%~~29% as compared to the ~~second~~third quarter of 2020, driven by geographic expansion of product access. The increase in Zolgensma sales also resulted in a higher effective royalty rate in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020, as royalty rates are tiered based on specified thresholds of annual net sales.

Research and Development Expense. Research and development expenses increased by ~~$7.8~~$3.9 million, from $~~38.1~~44.0 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$45.9~~$47.9 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the following:

The increase in research and development expenses was partially offset by a ~~$2.6~~$2.9 million decrease in external costs associated with preclinical studies and other early-stage research and development, and a $1.6 million decrease in external costs associated with manufacturing-related ~~services, primarily attributable to RGX-202 and RGX-121 clinical supply.~~activities.

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses increased by ~~$2.9~~$5.2 million, from ~~$15.6~~$15.9 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$18.4~~$21.0 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the following:

Provision for Credit Losses and Other. Provision for credit losses and other decreased by $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. We recognized a provision for credit losses of $5.0 million and $7.7 million during the quarters ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to our accounts receivable from Abeona Therapeutics Inc. (Abeona). As of September 30, 2021, we had recorded total accounts receivable from Abeona of $30.1 million and a related allowance for credit losses of $13.2 million. For further information regarding the provision for credit losses, refer to Note 8, “License and Royalty Revenue—Abeona Therapeutics Inc.” to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Investment Income (Loss). Investment income ~~decreased by $5.3 million, from $5.7~~was $5.5 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, ~~2020~~2021 as compared to ~~$0.4~~investment loss of $6.6 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, ~~2021.~~2020, a change of $12.1 million. The ~~decrease~~change was primarily attributable to ~~net gains~~a realized gain of ~~$4.4~~$5.2 million recognized in the ~~second~~third quarter of 2021 upon the acquisition of our non-marketable equity securities of Corlieve Therapeutics SAS (Corlieve) by uniQure N.V. (uniQure) in July 2021, and net losses of $7.5 million recognized in the third quarter of 2020 related to our marketable equity securities of Prevail Therapeutics Inc. (Prevail). We sold all of our Prevail equity securities prior to the end of 2020. The change in investment income ~~also includes~~was partially offset by a decrease of ~~$0.9~~$0.5 million in interest income infor the ~~second~~third quarter of 2021, primarily attributable to lower yields on investments in cash equivalents and marketable debt securities.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased from zero for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$6.4~~$6.7 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. Interest expense consists solely of non-cash interest recognized under our royalty purchase agreement with HCR for the sale of future Zolgensma royalties which occurred in December 2020.

License and Royalty Revenue. License and royalty revenue ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$6.7~~$61.4 million, from ~~$34.2~~$133.1 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$40.9~~$71.7 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily attributable to an $80.0 million milestone payment recognized as revenue in the third quarter of 2020 as a result of the achievement of $1.0 billion in cumulative net sales of Zolgensma during the period. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in Zolgensma royalty revenues, which increased by ~~$14.8~~$26.2 million, from ~~$21.9~~$40.7 million for the ~~first half of~~nine months ended September 30, 2020 to ~~$36.7~~$66.9 million for the ~~first half of~~nine months ended September 30, 2021. As reported by Novartis, sales of Zolgensma for the ~~first half of~~nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased by ~~69%~~52% as compared to the ~~first half of~~nine months ended September 30, 2020, driven by geographic expansion of product access. The increase in revenues was partially offset by $7.2 million of non-recurring revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2020 related to a license granted to Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. during the period.

Research and Development Expense. Research and development expenses increased by ~~$10.5~~$14.3 million, from $~~75.1~~119.1 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$85.6~~$133.5 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the following:

The increase in research and development expenses was partially offset by a ~~$6.4~~$8.1 million decrease in external costs associated with manufacturing-related ~~services,~~activities, primarily attributable to manufacturing of RGX-314 and RGX-121 clinical ~~supply.~~supply performed in 2020 for material to be used in our current and planned clinical trials for these product candidates.

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses increased by ~~$5.9~~$11.0 million, from ~~$30.4~~$46.2 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$36.3~~$57.3 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the following:

Provision for Credit Losses and Other. Provision for credit losses and other decreased by $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We recognized a provision for credit losses of $5.5 million and $7.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to our accounts receivable from Abeona. As of September 30, 2021, we had recorded total accounts receivable from Abeona of $30.1 million and a related allowance for credit losses of $13.2 million. For further information regarding the provision for credit losses, refer to Note 8, “License and Royalty Revenue—Abeona Therapeutics Inc.” to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Investment Income (Loss). Investment income was $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to investment loss of $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a change of $10.6 million. The change was primarily attributable to a realized gain of $5.2 million recognized in the third quarter of 2021 upon the acquisition of our non-marketable equity securities of Corlieve by uniQure in July 2021, and net losses of $8.3 million recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related to our marketable equity securities of Prevail. We sold all of our Prevail equity securities prior to the end of 2020. The change in investment income was partially offset by a decrease of $2.8 million in interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily attributable to lower yields on investments in cash equivalents and marketable debt securities.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased from zero for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 to ~~$13.1~~$19.8 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021. Interest expense consists solely of non-cash interest recognized under our royalty purchase agreement with HCR for the sale of future Zolgensma royalties which occurred in December 2020.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of ~~$593.0~~$533.5 million, which were primarily derived from the sale of our common stock, license and royalty revenue and the monetization of our Zolgensma royalty stream. We expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of this report, based on our current business plan.

In January 2021, we completed a public offering of 4,899,000 shares of our common stock (inclusive of 639,000 shares pursuant to the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares) at a price of $47.00 per share. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering, inclusive of the underwriters’ option exercise, were $216.1 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us.

We intend to devote the majority of our current capital to clinical development, seeking regulatory approval of our product candidates and capital expenditures to build out additional office, laboratory and manufacturing capacity, including the buildout of our corporate, manufacturing and research headquarters ~~at 9804 Medical Center Drive~~ in Rockville, Maryland. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of gene therapy product candidates, we are unable to estimate the total amount of operating expenditures and capital outlays necessary to complete the development of our product candidates. Additionally, our estimates are based on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we may use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Furthermore, given the continuing uncertainty and volatile market and economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the potential for further effects due to a resurgence in COVID-19 infections, we will continue to monitor the nature and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our liquidity and capital resources.

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(71,003	)	$	(57,069	)	$	(107,362	)	$	(93,529	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(206,384	)		77,191			(190,283	)		111,189
Net cash provided by financing activities		196,033			4,586			187,606			6,046
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(81,354	)	$	24,708		$	(110,039	)	$	23,706

Our net cash used in operating activities for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 increased by ~~$13.9~~$13.8 million from the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020. The increase was largely driven by an increase in operating expenses of ~~$23.4~~$26.6 million in ~~the first half of~~ 2021. We expect to continue to incur regular net cash ~~out~~ outflows from operations for the foreseeable future as we continue the development and advancement of our lead product candidates and other research programs.

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, our net cash used in operating activities of ~~$71.0~~$107.4 million consisted of a net loss of ~~$107.8~~$166.2 million and changes in working capital of ~~$3.3~~$1.9 million, offset by ~~$40.1~~$60.7 million in adjustments for non-cash items. The changes in working capital include a ~~$5.9~~$7.9 million ~~decrease~~increase in ~~accrued expenses and other current liabilities~~accounts receivable which was largely driven by ~~decreases~~an increase in ~~accrued personnel costs~~Zolgensma royalties receivable at the end of the period, and ~~income taxes payable as of June 30, 2021.~~a $7.9 million increase in prepaid expenses which was largely driven by advances paid during the period to service providers for clinical trial and manufacturing-related services to be performed in future periods. The changes in working capital were partially offset by an increase in operating lease liabilities of ~~$10.5~~$10.8 million which was largely driven by funds received under our tenant improvement allowance related to the ongoing buildout of our new headquarters facility in Rockville, Maryland. Other changes in working capital were incurred in the normal course of business, primarily as a result of differences in the timing of payments to service providers and the period in which such costs are incurred. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense of ~~$19.9~~$29.6 million, non-cash interest expense recognized under our royalty purchase agreement with HCR of ~~$13.1~~$19.8 million, ~~and~~ depreciation and amortization expense of ~~$4.1~~$7.0 million, a provision for credit losses of $5.5 million and net amortization of premiums on marketable debt securities of $4.4 million. Adjustments for non-cash items were partially offset by a realized gain of $5.2 million recognized upon the acquisition of our Corlieve equity securities by uniQure in July 2021.

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, our net cash used in operating activities of ~~$57.1~~$93.5 million consisted of a net loss of ~~$73.8~~$65.0 million and changes in working capital of ~~$3.1~~$73.9 million, offset by ~~$19.8~~$45.4 million in adjustments for non-cash items. The changes in working capital include an increase in accounts receivable of ~~$2.7~~$89.4 million which was largely driven by an increase in ~~unbilled~~ Zolgensma royalties receivable at the end of the period, and an $80.0 million sales-based milestone fee earned during the third quarter which was recorded in accounts receivable at the end of the period. Other changes in working capital were incurred in the normal

course of business, primarily as a result of differences in the timing of payments to service providers and the period in which such costs are incurred. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of stock-based compensation ~~expense~~expenses of ~~$16.3~~$24.4 million, depreciation and amortization expense of ~~$4.1~~$6.3 million, ~~and~~ net losses on our ~~marketable~~Prevail equity securities of ~~Prevail of $0.7~~$8.3 million and ~~were partially offset by imputed interest earned from our license agreements~~a provision for credit losses on accounts receivable of ~~$1.9~~$7.7 million.

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, our net cash used in investing activities consisted of ~~$242.0~~$262.7 million to purchase marketable debt securities and ~~$50.9~~$69.6 million to purchase property and equipment, offset by ~~$86.5~~$136.4 million in maturities of marketable debt ~~securities.~~securities and $5.6 million of proceeds received from the acquisition of our Corlieve equity securities by uniQure in July 2021. The substantial majority of our capital expenditures infor the ~~first half of~~nine months ended September 30, 2021 were related to the build out of our corporate, manufacturing and research headquarters at 9804 Medical Center Drive in Rockville, Maryland. We expect capital expenditures related to this project to continue ~~to increase in~~for the remainder of 2021 and into 2022 as ~~a result of the ongoing~~we complete build out of this facility. Total remaining capital expenditures ~~related~~ to complete the build out of the facility, ~~at 9804 Medical Center Drive,~~ net of remaining amounts to be reimbursed by the landlord under our tenant improvement allowance, are expected to be in the low to mid-double-digit millions (USD) ~~and are expected to be incurred into 2022.~~. However, the actual amount and timing of these capital expenditures are uncertain and may differ materially from our current estimates.

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, our net cash provided by investing activities consisted of ~~$155.8~~$204.5 million in sales and maturities of marketable securities, offset by ~~$70.7~~$79.4 million to purchase marketable debt securities and ~~$7.9~~$14.0 million to purchase property and equipment.

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021, our net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of $216.1 million in net proceeds received from a public offering of our common stock completed in January 2021, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses paid during the period, and $5.1 million in proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, and was partially offset by ~~$22.0~~$33.3 million of Zolgensma royalties paid to HCR during the period under ~~the Zolgensma~~our royalty purchase agreement.

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities consisted of ~~$4.6~~$6.0 million in proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan.

We have incurred cumulative losses since our inception and had an accumulated deficit of ~~$396.9~~$455.3 million as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021. Our transition to recurring profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure, which depends heavily on the successful development, approval and commercialization of our product candidates. We do not expect to achieve such revenues, and expect to continue to incur losses, for at least the next several years. We expect that our research and development and general and administrative expenses will continue to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approval for, our product candidates. Subject to obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses for product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution. Additionally, we expect our capital expenditures will continue to increase due to costs associated with building out additional office, laboratory and manufacturing capacity to further support the development of our product candidates and potential commercialization efforts, particularly with respect to the build out of our ~~facility at 9804 Medical Center Drive~~corporate, manufacturing and research headquarters as discussed above. As a result, we will need significant additional capital to fund our operations, which we may obtain through one or more equity offerings, debt financings or other third-party funding, including potential strategic alliances and licensing or collaboration arrangements.

Many of these factors are outside of our control. Identifying potential product candidates and conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials is a time-consuming, expensive and uncertain process that takes years to complete, and we may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain regulatory and marketing approval and achieve product sales. In addition, our product candidates, if approved, may not achieve commercial success. Our product revenues, if any, and any commercial milestones or royalty payments under our licensing agreements, will be derived from or based on sales of products, the majority of which may not be commercially available for many years, if at all. In addition, revenue from our NAV Technology Platform sublicensing is dependent in part on the clinical and commercial success of our licensing partners. Accordingly, we will need to continue to rely on additional financing to achieve our business objectives.

The issuance of additional securities, whether equity or debt, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. We also could be required to seek funds through arrangements with partners or otherwise that may require us to relinquish rights to our intellectual property, our product candidates or otherwise agree to terms unfavorable to us.

There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations, commitments and contingencies as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 from the information provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

For information regarding market risk, refer to Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. There have been no material changes to our exposure to market risk during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Control systems, no matter how well conceived and operated, are designed to provide a reasonable, but not an absolute, level of assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Because of the inherent limitations in any control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

For information regarding our legal proceedings with Abeona Therapeutics Inc., please refer to Note 8, “License and Royalty Revenue—Abeona Therapeutics Inc.,” to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Our material risk factors are disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2020 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in such ~~filing,~~filings, except as follows:

We have in the past, and in the future may, enter into licensing agreements or collaborations with third parties licensing parts of our NAV Technology Platform for the development of product candidates. If these licensing arrangements or collaborations are not successful, our business could be harmed.

We have entered into agreements involving the licensing of parts of our NAV Technology Platform and relating to the development and commercialization of certain product candidates and plan to enter into additional licensing agreements or collaborations in the future. We have limited control over the amount and timing of resources that our current and future licensees and collaborators, including our NAV Technology Licensees, dedicate to the development or commercialization of product candidates or of products utilizing licensed components of our NAV Technology Platform. Our ability to generate revenues from these arrangements will depend on our and our licensees’ and collaborators’ abilities to successfully perform the functions assigned to each of us in these arrangements. In addition, our licensees and collaborators have the ability to abandon research or development projects and terminate applicable agreements. Moreover, an unsuccessful outcome in any clinical trial for which our licensee or collaborator is responsible could be harmful to the public perception and prospects of our NAV Technology Platform or product candidates.

In September 2021, we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with AbbVie Global Enterprises Ltd. (AbbVie), a subsidiary of AbbVie Inc., to develop and commercialize RGX-314 (the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement). The transaction is contingent upon the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting or suspension period under the Hart-Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and any other applicable competition laws. If the transaction contemplated by the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement is not consummated or is delayed, our expectations regarding future revenues, research and development costs, other operating expenses and operating cash flows associated with the development and commercialization of RGX-314 would be materially affected. For additional information regarding the AbbVie Collaboration and License Agreement, please refer to Note 8, “License and Royalty Revenue—Collaboration and License Agreement with AbbVie” to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Any current or future licensing agreements or future collaborations we enter into may pose additional risks, including the following:

If our licensing agreements or collaborations do not result in the successful development and commercialization of products, or if one of our licensees or collaborators terminates its agreement with us, we may not receive any future milestone or royalty payments, as applicable, under the license agreement or collaboration. If we do not receive the payments we expect under these agreements, our development of product candidates could be delayed and we may need additional resources to develop our product candidates. In addition, if one of our licensees or collaborators terminates its agreement with us, we may find it more difficult to attract new licensees or collaborators and the perception of us in the business and financial communities could be harmed. Each of our licensees and collaborators is subject to similar risks with respect to product development, regulatory approval and commercialization, and any such risk could result in its business being harmed, which could adversely affect our collaboration.

For example, we were in arbitration with Abeona Therapeutics Inc. (Abeona) regarding a dispute under the License Agreement dated November 4, 2018 between the Company and Abeona, as amended on November 4, 2019. For information regarding our legal proceedings with Abeona, please refer to Note 8, “License and Royalty Revenue—Abeona Therapeutics Inc.,” to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

We may in the future decide to partner or collaborate with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development and potential commercialization of our product candidates. These relationships, or those like them, may require us to incur non-recurring and other charges, increase our near- and long-term expenditures, issue securities that dilute our existing stockholders or disrupt our management and business. In addition, we could face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. Our ability to reach a definitive licensing agreement or collaboration agreement will depend, among other things, upon our assessment of the collaborator’s resources and expertise, the terms and conditions of the proposed collaboration and the proposed collaborator’s evaluation of a variety of factors.

We may not be successful in our efforts to establish such a strategic partnership or other alternative arrangements for our product candidates because our research and development pipeline may be insufficient, our product candidates may be deemed to be at too early of a stage of development for collaborative effort or third parties may not view our product candidates as having the requisite potential to demonstrate safety and efficacy or market opportunity. In addition, we may be restricted under existing collaboration agreements from entering into future agreements with potential collaborators. If we license rights to product candidates, we may not be able to realize the benefit of such transactions if we are unable to successfully integrate the licensed product candidates with our existing operations.

If we are unable to reach agreements with suitable licensees or collaborators on a timely basis, on acceptable terms or at all, we may have to curtail the development of a product candidate, reduce or delay its development program, delay its potential commercialization, reduce the scope of any sales or marketing activities or increase our expenditures and undertake development or commercialization activities at our own expense. If we elect to fund development or commercialization activities on our own, we may need to obtain additional expertise and additional capital, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit

Number

Description

Form

Exhibit

Number

Filing Date

Filed or

Furnished

Herewith

Description

Form

Exhibit

Number

Filing Date

Filed or

Furnished

Herewith

3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation

8-K

3.1

6/7/21

Restated Certificate of Incorporation

8-K

3.1

6/7/21

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws

8-K

3.2

9/22/15

Amended and Restated Bylaws

8-K

3.2

9/22/15

10.1†

Collaboration and License Agreement dated September 10, 2021 between the Company and AbbVie Global Enterprises Ltd.

31.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as required by 18 U.S.C. 1350

101

The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2021 formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language):

(i) Consolidated Balance Sheets

(ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021 formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language):

(i) Consolidated Balance Sheets

(ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

104

The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2021 formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)

The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021 formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)

The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not deemed filed with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of REGENXBIO Inc. under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Delaware		47-1851754
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9804 Medical Center Drive Rockville, MD		20850
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	RGNX	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

	PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Loss~~Income (Loss) for the Three and ~~Six~~Nine Months Ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020	4
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and ~~Six~~Nine Months Ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~Six~~Nine Months Ended ~~June~~September 30, 2021 and 2020	67
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	78
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2022
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3033
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3033

	PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3135
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3135
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3237
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3237
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	3237
Item 5.	Other Information	3237
Item 6.	Exhibits	3338
Signatures		3439

		REGENXBIO Inc.

Dated: ~~August 9,~~November 2, 2021		/s/ Kenneth T. Mills
		Kenneth T. Mills
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
							Accumulated
					Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)			Deficit			Equity
Balances at March 31, 2020		37,190	$	4	$	638,588	$	(580	)	$	(217,860	)	$	420,152
Exercise of stock options		101		—		1,825		—			—			1,825
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		8,316		—			—			8,316
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net		—		—		—		1,330			—			1,330
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(33,762	)		(33,762	)
Balances at June 30, 2020		37,291	$	4	$	648,729	$	750		$	(251,622	)	$	397,861

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
							Accumulated
					Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Equity
Balances at December 31, 2020		37,476	$	4	$	667,181	$	(360	)	$	(289,072	)	$	377,753
Issuance of common stock upon public offering, net of transaction costs of $14,194		4,899		—		216,059		—			—			216,059
Exercise of stock options		161		—		1,567		—			—			1,567
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		19		—		627		—			—			627
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		19,912		—			—			19,912
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net		—		—		—		(895	)		—			(895	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(107,778	)		(107,778	)
Balances at June 30, 2021		42,555	$	4	$	905,346	$	(1,255	)	$	(396,850	)	$	507,245