UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20212022
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to _________
Commission file number 001-36479

vrtv-20220331_g1.jpg

VERITIV CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware46-3234977
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1000 Abernathy Road NE
Building 400, Suite 1700
                           Atlanta,Georgia30328
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

(770) 391-8200
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par valueVRTVNew York Stock Exchange


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No  

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock as of April 30, 2021May 3, 2022 was 15,664,599.14,686,739.




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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

VERITIV CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data, unaudited)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021202020222021
Net sales (including sales to related party of $5.6 in 2020)$1,559.3 $1,707.3 
Cost of products sold (including purchases from related party of $18.8 in 2020) (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)1,238.1 1,359.6 
Net salesNet sales$1,858.1 $1,559.3 
Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)1,455.4 1,238.1 
Distribution expensesDistribution expenses101.5 123.4 Distribution expenses112.2 101.5 
Selling and administrative expensesSelling and administrative expenses166.4 203.6 Selling and administrative expenses187.9 166.4 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization14.5 13.8 Depreciation and amortization12.7 14.5 
Restructuring charges, netRestructuring charges, net4.3 Restructuring charges, net2.7 4.3 
Operating income (loss)Operating income (loss)34.5 6.9 Operating income (loss)87.2 34.5 
Interest expense, netInterest expense, net5.1 7.0 Interest expense, net3.5 5.1 
Other (income) expense, netOther (income) expense, net(1.0)(0.1)Other (income) expense, net(0.6)(1.0)
Income (loss) before income taxesIncome (loss) before income taxes30.4 0.0 Income (loss) before income taxes84.3 30.4 
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)9.1 0.4 Income tax expense (benefit)5.8 9.1 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$21.3 $(0.4)Net income (loss)$78.5 $21.3 
Earnings (loss) per share:Earnings (loss) per share:Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic earnings (loss) per share$1.34 $(0.02)
BasicBasic$5.31 $1.34 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$1.28 $(0.02)
DilutedDiluted$5.12 $1.28 
Weighted-average shares outstanding:Weighted-average shares outstanding:Weighted-average shares outstanding:
BasicBasic15.88 16.16 Basic14.77 15.88 
DilutedDiluted16.66 16.16 Diluted15.32 16.66 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VERITIV CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions, unaudited)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021202020222021
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$21.3 $(0.4)Net income (loss)$78.5 $21.3 
Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsForeign currency translation adjustments(0.3)(14.0)Foreign currency translation adjustments2.6 (0.3)
Change in fair value of cash flow hedge, net of tax (1)
0.0 0.0 
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax (1)
0.0 0.0 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)(0.3)(14.0)Other comprehensive income (loss)2.6 (0.3)
Total comprehensive income (loss)Total comprehensive income (loss)$21.0 $(14.4)Total comprehensive income (loss)$81.1 $21.0 
(1) Amounts shown are net of tax impacts, which were not significant for the periods presented.

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.



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VERITIV CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in millions, except par value, unaudited)

March 31, 2021December 31, 2020March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
AssetsAssetsAssets
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$109.0 $120.6 Cash and cash equivalents$33.8 $49.3 
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $41.1 and $41.6, respectively853.3 849.5 
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $30.2 and $34.4, respectivelyAccounts receivable, less allowances of $30.2 and $34.4, respectively944.3 1,011.2 
InventoriesInventories493.5 

465.4 Inventories407.7 

484.5 
Other current assetsOther current assets118.2 

119.5 Other current assets118.9 

131.5 
Assets-held-for-saleAssets-held-for-sale300.5 

1.2 
Total current assetsTotal current assets1,574.0 1,555.0 Total current assets1,805.2 1,677.7 
Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $382.4 and $375.9, respectively)182.9 

194.7 
Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $313.9 and $332.4, respectively)Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $313.9 and $332.4, respectively)137.1 

162.9 
GoodwillGoodwill99.6 

99.6 Goodwill96.3 

99.6 
Other intangibles, netOther intangibles, net46.3 

47.4 Other intangibles, net38.9 

42.7 
Deferred income tax assetsDeferred income tax assets56.9 

60.0 Deferred income tax assets59.8 

47.1 
Other non-current assetsOther non-current assets369.0 

378.3 Other non-current assets369.9 

408.4 
Total assetsTotal assets$2,328.7 $2,335.0 Total assets$2,507.2 $2,438.4 
Liabilities and shareholders' equityLiabilities and shareholders' equityLiabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$513.4 $471.9 Accounts payable$512.4 $561.9 
Accrued payroll and benefitsAccrued payroll and benefits50.8 80.6 Accrued payroll and benefits54.9 110.0 
Other accrued liabilitiesOther accrued liabilities167.5 

182.2 Other accrued liabilities165.8 185.7 
Liabilities-held-for-saleLiabilities-held-for-sale172.9 — 
Current portion of debtCurrent portion of debt14.9 

14.7 Current portion of debt15.0 

16.0 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities746.6 749.4 Total current liabilities921.0 873.6 
Long-term debt, net of current portionLong-term debt, net of current portion600.7 

589.1 Long-term debt, net of current portion511.5 

499.7 
Defined benefit pension obligationsDefined benefit pension obligations17.6 

18.2 Defined benefit pension obligations3.5 

7.2 
Other non-current liabilitiesOther non-current liabilities386.4 

395.2 Other non-current liabilities391.4 

422.1 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,751.3 1,751.9 Total liabilities1,827.4 1,802.6 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

00
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

00
Shareholders' equity:Shareholders' equity:Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10.0 million shares authorized, NaN issued

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100.0 million shares authorized; shares issued - 16.8 million and 16.6 million, respectively; shares outstanding - 15.5 million and 15.9 million, respectively0.2 

0.2 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10.0 million shares authorized, none issuedPreferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10.0 million shares authorized, none issued— 

— 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100.0 million shares authorized; shares issued - 17.5 million and 17.0 million, respectively; shares outstanding - 15.0 million and 14.6 million, respectivelyCommon stock, $0.01 par value, 100.0 million shares authorized; shares issued - 17.5 million and 17.0 million, respectively; shares outstanding - 15.0 million and 14.6 million, respectively0.2 

0.2 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital632.8 

634.9 Additional paid-in capital607.1 

633.8 
Accumulated earnings (deficit)Accumulated earnings (deficit)19.9 

(1.4)Accumulated earnings (deficit)221.7 

143.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(33.8)

(33.5)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(21.7)

(24.3)
Treasury stock at cost - 1.3 million shares in 2021 and 0.7 million shares in 2020(41.7)(17.1)
Treasury stock at cost - 2.5 million and 2.4 million shares, respectivelyTreasury stock at cost - 2.5 million and 2.4 million shares, respectively(127.5)(117.1)
Total shareholders' equityTotal shareholders' equity577.4 583.1 Total shareholders' equity679.8 635.8 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equityTotal liabilities and shareholders' equity$2,328.7 $2,335.0 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$2,507.2 $2,438.4 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VERITIV CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions, unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Operating activities
Net income (loss)$21.3 $(0.4)
Depreciation and amortization14.5 13.8 
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees0.3 0.6 
Net losses (gains) on disposition of assets and sale of a business(2.2)0.1 
Provision for expected credit losses0.9 4.4 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)3.1 5.2 
Stock-based compensation1.2 9.4 
Other non-cash items, net0.8 2.6 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable and related party receivable(10.3)(19.6)
Inventories(30.7)38.5 
Other current assets1.7 1.2 
Accounts payable and related party payable54.3 50.9 
Accrued payroll and benefits(29.8)(13.2)
Other accrued liabilities(10.9)(8.8)
Other(1.0)0.1 
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities13.2 84.8 
Investing activities
Property and equipment additions(6.3)(8.9)
Proceeds from asset sales and sale of a business8.0 0.7 
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities1.7 (8.2)
Financing activities
Change in book overdrafts(9.2)(24.7)
Borrowings of long-term debt1,392.8 1,479.8 
Repayments of long-term debt(1,378.9)(1,483.6)
Payments under right-of-use finance leases(3.3)(2.9)
Purchase of treasury stock(24.6)(3.5)
Payments under Tax Receivable Agreement(0.3)
Payments under other contingent consideration(3.5)
Other(2.9)(0.5)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities(26.1)(39.2)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(0.4)(0.8)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(11.6)36.6 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period120.6 38.0 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$109.0 $74.6 
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds$11.2 $0.6 
Cash paid for interest4.6 6.2 
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Non-cash additions to property and equipment for right-of-use finance leases$0.2 $11.2 
Non-cash additions to other non-current assets for right-of-use operating leases11.3 10.8 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Operating activities
Net income (loss)$78.5 $21.3 
Depreciation and amortization12.7 14.5 
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees0.4 0.3 
Net losses (gains) on disposition of assets and sale of a business(2.3)(2.2)
Provision for expected credit losses(0.6)0.9 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)(12.7)3.1 
Stock-based compensation2.8 1.2 
Other non-cash items, net0.5 0.8 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable(25.8)(10.3)
Inventories(8.8)(30.7)
Other current assets(1.1)1.7 
Accounts payable4.5 54.3 
Accrued payroll and benefits(50.6)(29.8)
Other accrued liabilities1.0 (10.9)
Other(4.4)(1.0)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities(5.9)13.2 
Investing activities
Property and equipment additions(9.4)(6.3)
Proceeds from asset sales and sale of a business0.2 8.0 
Proceeds from insurance related to property and equipment2.1 — 
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities(7.1)1.7 
Financing activities
Change in book overdrafts20.3 (9.2)
Borrowings of long-term debt1,515.2 1,392.8 
Repayments of long-term debt(1,481.8)(1,378.9)
Payments under right-of-use finance leases(3.4)(3.3)
Payments under vendor-based financing arrangements(3.2)— 
Purchase of treasury stock(10.4)(24.6)
Impact of tax withholding on share-based compensation(29.5)(3.3)
Other0.2 0.4 
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities7.4 (26.1)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash0.0 (0.4)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within assets-held-for-sale(5.6)(11.6)
Less: cash included in assets-held-for-sale, end of period(9.9)— 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(15.5)(11.6)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period49.3 120.6 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$33.8 $109.0 
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds$15.1 $11.2 
Cash paid for interest2.9 4.6 
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Non-cash additions to property and equipment for right-of-use finance leases and vendor-based financing arrangements$15.6 $0.2 
Non-cash additions to other non-current assets for right-of-use operating leases31.2 11.3 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VERITIV CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in millions, unaudited)

20212022
Common Stock IssuedAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated Earnings (Deficit)
AOCL (1)
Treasury StockTotalCommon Stock IssuedAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated Earnings (Deficit)
AOCL (1)
Treasury StockTotal
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 202016.6 $0.2 $634.9 $(1.4)$(33.5)(0.7)$(17.1)$583.1 
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 202117.0 $0.2 $633.8 $143.2 $(24.3)(2.4)$(117.1)$635.8 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)21.3 21.3 Net income (loss)78.5 78.5 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)(0.3)(0.3)Other comprehensive income (loss)2.6 2.6 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation1.2 1.2 Stock-based compensation2.8 2.8 
Issuance of common stock, net of stock received for minimum tax withholdingsIssuance of common stock, net of stock received for minimum tax withholdings0.2 0.0 (3.3)(3.3)Issuance of common stock, net of stock received for minimum tax withholdings0.5 0.0 (29.5)(29.5)
Treasury stock purchasesTreasury stock purchases(0.6)(24.6)(24.6)Treasury stock purchases(0.1)(10.4)(10.4)
Balance at March 31, 202116.8 $0.2 $632.8 $19.9 $(33.8)(1.3)$(41.7)$577.4 
Balance at March 31, 2022Balance at March 31, 202217.5 $0.2 $607.1 $221.7 $(21.7)(2.5)$(127.5)$679.8 
(1) Accumulated other comprehensive loss.


20202021
Common Stock IssuedAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated Earnings (Deficit)
AOCL (1)
Treasury StockTotalCommon Stock IssuedAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated Earnings (Deficit)
AOCL (1)
Treasury StockTotal
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 201916.4 $0.2 $618.0 $(35.3)$(33.1)(0.3)$(13.6)$536.2 
Balance at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31, 202016.6 $0.2 $634.9 $(1.4)$(33.5)(0.7)$(17.1)$583.1 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)(0.4)(0.4)Net income (loss)21.3 21.3 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)(14.0)(14.0)Other comprehensive income (loss)(0.3)(0.3)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation9.4 9.4 Stock-based compensation1.2 1.2 
Issuance of common stock, net of stock received for minimum tax withholdingsIssuance of common stock, net of stock received for minimum tax withholdings0.1 0.0 (0.6)(0.6)Issuance of common stock, net of stock received for minimum tax withholdings0.2 0.0 (3.3)(3.3)
Adoption impact - Accounting Standards Update 2016-13(0.3)(0.3)
Treasury stock purchasesTreasury stock purchases(0.4)(3.5)(3.5)Treasury stock purchases(0.6)(24.6)(24.6)
Balance at March 31, 202016.5 $0.2 $626.8 $(36.0)$(47.1)(0.7)$(17.1)$526.8 
Balance at March 31, 2021Balance at March 31, 202116.8 $0.2 $632.8 $19.9 $(33.8)(1.3)$(41.7)$577.4 
(1) Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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VERITIV CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




1. BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business

Veritiv Corporation ("Veritiv" or the "Company") is a North American business-to-business full-service provider of value-added packaging products and services, as well as facility solutions print and publishingprint-based products and services. Additionally, Veritiv provides logistics and supply chain management solutions to its customers. Veritiv was established in 2014, following the merger (the "Merger") of International Paper Company's xpedx distribution solutions business ("xpedx") and UWW Holdings, Inc. ("UWWH"), the parent company of Unisource Worldwide, Inc. ("Unisource"). Veritiv operates from approximately 125 distribution centers primarily throughout the United States ("U.S."), Canada and Mexico.

In March 2022, the Company signed a definitive agreement to sell its Veritiv Canada, Inc. business to Imperial Dade Canada Inc. for a purchase price of CAD $240 million (approximately U.S. $190 million) in cash payable at closing, subject to certain customary adjustments. The sale includes substantially all of the Company's facility solutions and print operations in Canada, and a majority of the Company's Canada-based packaging business, which primarily serves food service customers. The Company maintains the ability to supply packaging solutions to the Canadian locations of certain U.S.-based customers. The sale does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations or financial results and it did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. See Note 13, Divestitures and Note 14, Subsequent Event, for additional information regarding the sale of Veritiv Canada, Inc.

As the print and publishing industries continue to evolve, the Company continues to focus on ways to share costs and leverage combined resources where possible. In order to better align the resources of the Company's print and publishing organizations with the needs of the changing marketplaces, during the first quarter of 2022 the Company reevaluated the way in which it would service its customers, manage its product offerings and allocate resources to support these areas of its business. This resulted in a decision to combine the print and publishing operations, resulting in a new reportable segment known as Print Solutions. Prior period results have been revised to align with the new presentation. See Note 2, Revenue Recognition and Credit Losses, for additional information regarding the Company's product offerings and reportable segments.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for a complete set of annual audited financial statements. The accompanying unaudited financial information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals and other adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information have been included. The operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year, particularly in light of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19")divestiture of Veritiv Canada, Inc. and the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the domestic and global economies. These financial statements include all of the Company's subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions between Veritiv's businesses have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and certain financial statement disclosures. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition, right-of-use ("ROU") asset and liability valuations, accounts and notes receivable valuations, inventory valuation, employee benefit plans, long-term incentive plans, income tax contingency accruals and valuation allowances, multi-employer pension plan ("MEPP") withdrawal liabilities, contingency accruals, and goodwill and other intangible asset valuations.valuations and the determination of assets and liabilities that are held-for-sale. Although these estimates are based on management's knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions.

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Primarily beginning in April 2020, unfavorable impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic have had a negative impact on the Company'shas affected Veritiv's operational and financial results.performance to varying degrees. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company could continue to experience impacts including, but not limited to, charges from potential adjustments of the carrying amount of accounts and notes receivables and inventory, asset impairment charges including goodwill, and deferred tax valuation allowances. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impactscontinues to impact the Company's business, results of operations, access to sources of liquidity and financial condition will depend on future developments. These developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted,difficult to predict, include, but are not limited to, the duration, spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic including new variants, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's employees, customers, suppliers and vendors, and the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted or recommended by local and federal governments or health authorities in response to the pandemic, the availability, adoption and effectiveness of avaccines and vaccine boosters and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume and be sustained. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, the Company may experience an impact to its business as a result of any economic recession, downturn or volatility that has occurred or may occurlong-term changes in the future.customer behavior. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available.

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Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, 2021,2022, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12,2021-10, Income TaxesGovernment Assistance (Topic 740).832 The) on a prospective basis. This standard removes certain exceptionsincreases the transparency of government assistance provided to entities by including disclosure of (1) the types of assistance, (2) an entity's accounting for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocationthe assistance and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The update also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for goodwill and allocating taxes to members(3) the effect of a consolidated group.the assistance on an entity's financial statements. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interimannual periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The2021. An entity should apply the amendments in this update relatedeither (1) prospectively to separateall transactions within the scope of the amendments that are reflected in financial statements at the date of legal entitiesinitial application and new transactions that are not subjectentered into after the date of initial application or (2) retrospectively to tax should be applied on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. The amendments related to changes in ownership of foreign equity method investments or foreign subsidiaries should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The amendments related to franchise taxes that are partially based on income should be applied on either a retrospective basis for all periods presented or a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied on a prospective basis.those transactions. The adoption did not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). - This standard provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to accounting guidance for certain contract modifications and hedging arrangements to ease financial reporting burdens as the market transitions from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank reference rates to alternative reference rates. The guidance is available for prospective application upon its issuance and can generally be applied to contract modifications and hedging relationships entered into March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has an interest rate cap arrangement and long-term debt for which existing payments are based on LIBOR. The Company is currently evaluatingCompany's ABL Facility includes certain provisions, which are not yet in effect, to facilitate the timing of adoption and the related impact on its consolidated financial statements.transition from LIBOR to a new replacement benchmark rate. Currently, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. REVENUE RECOGNITION AND CREDIT LOSSES

Veritiv applies the five-step model to assess its contracts with customers. The Company's revenue is reported as net sales and is measured as the determinable transaction price, net of any variable consideration (e.g., sales incentives and rights to return product) and any taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities. Certain revenues are derived from shipments which are made directly from a manufacturer to a Veritiv customer. The Company is considered to be a principal to these transactions. Revenues from these sales are reported on a gross basis on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and have historically represented approximately 35% of Veritiv's total net sales. As a normal business practice, Veritiv does not enter into contracts that require more than one year to complete or that contain significant financing components. The Company considers handling and delivery as activities to fulfill its performance obligations. Billings for third-party freight are accounted for as net sales and handling and delivery costs are accounted for as distribution expenses. The Company has established credit and collection processes whereby collection assessments are performed and expected credit losses are recognized. Veritiv enters into incentive programs with certain of its customers, which are generally based on sales to those same customers. Veritiv follows the expected value method when estimating its retrospective incentives and records the estimated amount as a reduction to gross sales when revenue is recognized. Estimates of the variable consideration are based primarily on contract terms, current customer forecasts as well as historical experience. The Company has established credit and collection processes whereby collection assessments are performed and expected credit losses are recognized.

Customer product returns are estimated based on historical experience and the identification of specific events necessitating an adjustment. The estimated return value is recognized as a reduction of gross sales and related cost of products
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sold. The estimated inventory returns value is recognized as part of inventories, while the estimated customer refund liability is recognized as part of other accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, estimated inventory returns were not significant.

A customer contract liability will arise when Veritiv has received payment for goods and services but has not yet transferred the items to a customer and satisfied its performance obligations. Veritiv records a customer contract liability for performance obligations outstanding related to payments received in advance for customer deposits on equipment sales and other sale arrangements requiring prepayment, which are included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Veritiv expects to satisfy these remaining performance obligations and recognize the related revenues upon delivery of the goods
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and services to the customer's designated location within 12 months following receipt of the payment. Most equipment sales deposits are held for approximately 90 days and other sale arrangements requiring prepayment initially cover a 60 - 90 day period but can be renewed by the customer.

See the table below for a year-to-date summary of the changes to the customer contract liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:balance:
Customer Contract Liabilities
(in millions)20222021
Balance at January 1,$21.8 $12.2 
    Payments received15.3 14.2 
    Revenue recognized from beginning balance(11.4)(7.3)
    Revenue recognized from current year receipts(5.1)(7.1)
    Reclassified to liabilities-held-for-sale (1)
(1.1)— 
Balance at March 31,$19.5 $12.0 

(1)
Customer Contract Liabilities
(in millions)20212020
Balance at January 1,$12.2 $11.7 
    Payments received14.2 11.0 
    Revenue recognized from beginning balance(7.3)(9.0)
    Revenue recognized from current year receipts(7.1)(2.8)
Balance at March 31,$12.0 $10.9 
See Note 13, Divestitures, for information on the sale of Veritiv Canada, Inc.

Historically, the Company's ten largest customers have generated approximately 10% - 15% of its consolidated annual net sales. Veritiv's principal markets are concentrated primarily across North America with first quarter 2022 net sales in the U.S., Canada and Mexico of approximately 87%86%, 10%11% and 2%, respectively. Veritiv evaluated the nature of the products and services provided to its customers as well as the nature of the customer and the geographical distribution of its customer base and determined that the best representative level of disaggregated revenue is the product category basis. The following is a brief description of the Company's 43 reportable segments, organized by major product category. This segment structure is consistent with the way the Chief Operating Decision Maker, who is Veritiv's Chief Executive Officer, makes operating decisions and manages the growth and profitability of the Company's business. The Company also has a Corporate & Other category, which includes certain assets and costs not primarily attributable to any of the reportable segments, as well as the Veritiv logistics solutions business which provides transportation and warehousing solutions.

Packaging – The Packaging segment provides custom and standard packaging solutions for customers based in North America and in key global markets. This segment services its customers with a full spectrum of packaging product materials within the fiber-based, flexible, corrugated and fiber, ancillary packaging, rigid and equipment categories. The business is strategically focused on higher growth industry sectors including manufacturing, food processing and service, fulfillmentbeverage, wholesale and internet retail, healthcare and transportation, as well as nichespecialty sectors based on industry and product expertise. This segment also provides supply chain solutions, structural and graphic packaging design and engineering, automation, workflow and equipment services and kitting.

Facility Solutions – The Facility Solutions segment sources and sells cleaning, break-room and other supplies such asin product categories that include towels and tissues, commercial cleaning chemicals,food service, personal protective equipment, cleaning chemicals and safety supplies, wipers, can liners, soaps and sanitizers, dispensers, sanitary maintenance supplies and equipment, hazard supplies, and shampoos and amenitiesskincare, primarily in North America. Additionally, the Company offers total cost of ownership solutions with re-merchandising, budgeting and compliance reporting and inventory management.

Print Solutions – The Print Solutions segment sells and distributes commercial printing, writing and copying digital, specialty products and graphics consumablesservices primarily in North America. Veritiv's broad geographic platform of operations and services, coupled with the breadth of paper and graphics products, including exclusive private brand offerings, provides a foundation to service national, regionalcomprehensive suite of solutions in paper procurement, print management, supply chain and local customers across North America.distribution.

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Publishing – The Publishing segment sells and distributes coated and uncoated commercial printing papers to publishers, retailers, converters, printers and specialty businesses for use in magazines, catalogs, books, directories, gaming, couponing, retail inserts and direct mail primarily in the U.S. This segment also provides print management, procurement and supply chain management solutions to simplify paper and print procurement processes for its customers.

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See Note 13,12, Segment and Other Information, for the disaggregation of revenue and other information related to the Company's reportable segments and Corporate & Other.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

The components of the accounts receivable allowances were as follows:

(in millions)(in millions)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020(in millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Allowance for credit lossesAllowance for credit losses$30.7 $31.4 Allowance for credit losses$21.5 $23.7 
Other allowances(1)
Other allowances(1)
10.4 10.2 
Other allowances(1)
8.7 10.7 
Total accounts receivable allowancesTotal accounts receivable allowances$41.1 $41.6 Total accounts receivable allowances$30.2 $34.4 
(1) Includes amounts reserved for credit memos, customer discounts, customer short pays and other miscellaneous items. The current period amount is shown net of $1.2 million related to Veritiv Canada, Inc., which was reclassified from the allowance to assets-held-for-sale.

Below is a year-to-date rollforward of the Company’s allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2021:losses:
Packaging and Facility SolutionsPrint - High RiskPrint - Medium/Low Risk
(in millions)U.S.CanadaU.S.CanadaU.S.Canada
Publishing(1)
Rest of world
Corporate & Other(1)
Total
Ending balance, December 31, 2020$14.4 $0.5 $10.2 $0.7 $2.2 $0.0 $1.6 $1.0 $0.8 $31.4 
Add / (Deduct):
Provision for expected credit losses1.9 0.1 (0.8)0.0 0.3 0.0 (0.7)0.0 0.1 0.9 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(1.3)0.0 (0.2)0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1)(1.6)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Other adjustments(2)
0.0 1.4 0.0 (1.4)0.0 0.0 0.0 
Ending balance, March 31, 2021$15.0 $0.6 $10.6 $0.7 $1.1 $0.0 $0.9 $1.0 $0.8 $30.7 

Packaging and Facility SolutionsPrint Solutions - High RiskPrint Solutions - Medium/Low Risk
(in millions)U.S.CanadaU.S.Canada
U.S.(1)
CanadaRest of world
Corporate & Other(2)
Total
Balance at December 31, 2021$12.6 $1.0 $6.2 $0.5 $1.7 $0.0 $1.0 $0.7 $23.7 
Add / (Deduct):
Provision for expected credit losses0.0 0.1 (0.2)0.0 (0.2)0.0 0.1 0.1 (0.1)
Write-offs charged against the allowance(0.4)— (0.3)— 0.0 — — (0.1)(0.8)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off0.0 — 0.1 — 0.0 — — 0.0 0.1 
Other adjustments(3)
— (1.1)0.2 (0.5)— 0.0 0.0 — (1.4)
Balance at March 31, 2022$12.2 $— $6.0 $— $1.5 $— $1.1 $0.7 $21.5 
(1) Reflects the combined results for print and publishing operations.
(2)Publishing and Corporate & Other have only U.S. Operations.operations.
(2)(3) Other adjustments represent amounts reserved for foreign currency translation adjustments and reserves for certain customer accounts where revenue is not recognized because collectability is not probable, andprobable. These adjustments may also include accounts receivable allowances recorded in connection with acquisitions.

acquisitions and divestitures, including reclassifications from the allowance to assets-held-for-sale.

The Company, under certain circumstances, enters into note receivable agreements with customers. Expected credit losses are recognized when collectability is uncertain; these losses are included in selling and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the Company recognized $0.0$(0.5) million and $2.3$0.0 million, respectively, in the provision for expected credit losses related to these notes receivable. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company received higher than expected payments, resulting in a favorable reduction to the required provision. At March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the Company held $2.0$0.1 million and $2.2$0.5 million, respectively, in notes receivable, which is reflected within other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

3. LEASES

The Company leases certain property and equipment used for operations to limit its exposure to risks related to ownership. The major leased asset categories include: real estate, delivery equipment, material handling equipment and computer and office equipment. As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company operated from approximately 125115 distribution centers of which approximately 115110 were leased.leased; of the leased facilities, 12 are located in Canada. These facilities are strategically located throughout the U.S., Canada and Mexico in order to efficiently serve the customer base in the surrounding areas while also facilitating expedited delivery services for special orders. The Company also leases various office spaces for corporate and sales functions.

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The components of lease expense were as follows:
(in millions)Three Months Ended
March 31,
Lease ClassificationFinancial Statement Classification20212020
Short-term lease expense(1)
Operating expenses$1.0 $0.9 
Operating lease expense(2)
Operating expenses$25.6 $27.1 
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assetsDepreciation and amortization$3.7 $3.5 
Interest expenseInterest expense, net0.7 0.8 
Total finance lease expense$4.4 $4.3 
Total Lease Cost$31.0 $32.3 
(in millions)Three Months Ended
March 31,
Lease ClassificationFinancial Statement Classification20222021
Short-term lease expense(1)
Operating expenses$0.8 $1.0 
Operating lease expense(2)
Operating expenses$25.1 $25.6 
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assetsDepreciation and amortization$3.7 $3.7 
Interest expenseInterest expense, net0.7 0.7 
Total finance lease expense$4.4 $4.4 
Total Lease Cost$30.3 $31.0 
(1) Short-term lease expense is comprised of expenses related to leases with a term of twelve months or less, which includes expenses related to month-to-month-to-month leases.
month leases.
(2) Sublease income and variable lease expense are not included in the above table as the amounts were not significant for the periods presented.

Supplemental balance sheets and other information were as follows:
(in millions, except weighted-average data)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Lease ClassificationFinancial Statement Classification
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOther non-current assets$342.4 $351.7 
Operating lease obligations - currentOther accrued liabilities$83.2 $81.9 
Operating lease obligations - non-currentOther non-current liabilities296.4 307.4 
Total operating lease obligations$379.6 $389.3 
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years5.96.1
Weighted-average discount rate4.7 %4.7 %
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assetsProperty and equipment$73.4 $76.6 
Finance lease obligations - currentCurrent portion of debt$13.3 $13.4 
Finance lease obligations - non-currentLong-term debt, net of current portion66.2 68.9 
Total finance lease obligations$79.5 $82.3 
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years7.07.1
Weighted-average discount rate3.7 %3.7 %
follows (the current period amounts do not include Veritiv Canada, Inc. See Note 13, Divestitures, for information on the sale of this business):
(in millions, except weighted-average data)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Lease ClassificationFinancial Statement Classification
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOther non-current assets$344.6 $375.6 
Operating lease obligations - currentOther accrued liabilities$73.5 $80.2 
Operating lease obligations - non-currentOther non-current liabilities304.3 329.3 
Total operating lease obligations$377.8 $409.5 
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years6.36.2
Weighted-average discount rate4.4 %4.5 %
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assetsProperty and equipment$32.7 $66.3 
Finance lease obligations - currentCurrent portion of debt$9.8 $13.9 
Finance lease obligations - non-currentLong-term debt, net of current portion26.1 58.9 
Total finance lease obligations$35.9 $72.8 
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years4.06.4
Weighted-average discount rate3.7 %3.7 %

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Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was as follows:
(in millions)Three Months Ended March 31,
Lease ClassificationFinancial Statement Classification20212020
Operating Leases:
Operating cash flows from operating leasesOperating activities$26.5 $27.8 
Finance Leases:
Operating cash flows from finance leasesOperating activities$0.7 $0.8 
Financing cash flows from finance leasesFinancing activities3.3 2.9 
(in millions)Three Months Ended March 31,
Lease ClassificationFinancial Statement Classification20222021
Operating Leases:
Operating cash flows from operating leasesOperating activities$25.0 $26.5 
Finance Leases:
Operating cash flows from finance leasesOperating activities$0.7 $0.7 
Financing cash flows from finance leasesFinancing activities3.4 3.3 

Lease Commitments

Future minimum lease payments at March 31, 20212022 were as follows:
(in millions)(in millions)Finance Leases
Operating Leases (1)
(in millions)
Finance Leases(1)
Operating Leases (1)(2)
2021 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2021)$12.0 $75.5 
202215.6 87.1 
2022 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2022)2022 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2022)$8.9 $67.6 
2023202313.3 67.1 20238.9 79.1 
2024202411.5 53.7 20247.3 65.7 
2025202510.7 42.8 20256.7 54.4 
202620268.0 38.0 20264.0 50.1 
202720272.0 43.6 
ThereafterThereafter19.9 73.8 Thereafter1.3 75.0 
Total future minimum lease paymentsTotal future minimum lease payments91.0 438.0 Total future minimum lease payments39.1 435.5 
Amount representing interest Amount representing interest(11.5)(58.4) Amount representing interest(3.2)(57.7)
Total future minimum lease payments, net of interestTotal future minimum lease payments, net of interest$79.5 $379.6 Total future minimum lease payments, net of interest$35.9 $377.8 
(1)The table does not include total future minimum lease payments of $35.7 million for finance leases and $43.2 million for operating leases that are classified as liabilities-held-for sale on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 13, Divestitures, for information on the sale of Veritiv Canada, Inc.
(2) Future sublease income of $2.0$2.7 million is excluded from the operating leases amount in the table above.

Total future minimum lease payments at March 31, 20212022 for finance and operating leases, including the amount representing interest, are comprised of $455.9$429.0 million for real estate leases and $73.1$45.6 million for non-real estate leases.

At March 31, 2021,2022, the Company had committed to additional future obligations of approximately $24.3$1.4 million for real estate operatingdelivery equipment finance leases that have not yet commenced and therefore are not included in the table above. These leases will commence within the next ninethree months with an average lease term of approximately nineseven years.

4. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

2020 Restructuring Plan

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company initiated a restructuring plan in response(the "2020 Restructuring Plan") to (1) respond to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business operations, and(2) address the ongoing secular changes in its Printprint and Publishing segments. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company expanded the initial plan topublishing operations and (3) further align its cost structure with ongoing business needs as the Company executes on its stated corporate strategy. The initial and expansion activities are collectively referred to as the "2020 Restructuring Plan." The 2020 Restructuring Plan includes (i) a reductionwas substantially complete as of the Company's U.S. salaried workforce by approximately 15% across all business segments and corporate functions, (ii) the closure of certain warehouse facilities and retail stores, (iii) adjustments to various compensation plans, (iv) repositioning of inventory to expand the Company's service radius and (v) other actions.

The Company currently estimates it will incur total restructuringDecember 31, 2021, with remaining charges of between $70approximately $4 million and $87 million in connection with the 2020 Restructuring Plan. These costs will include the following activities (i) employee termination and other one-time compensation costs, (ii) real estate exit costs, (iii) certain inventory related costs and (iv) other exit costs. Through March 31, 2021, the Company hasexpected to be incurred approximately $56.5 million in costs and charges. Initial charges were incurred and recorded in June 2020. The Company expects to substantially complete the 2020 Restructuring Plan bythrough the end of 2021.
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2022.
Other direct costs reported in the tabletables below include facility closing costs and other incidental costs associated with the development, communication, administration and implementation of these initiatives.initiatives; costs incurred exclude any non-cash portion of restructuring gains or losses on asset disposals.

The following table presents a summary of restructuring charges, net, related to restructuring initiatives that were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the cumulative amounts since the initiatives began:
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(in millions)Severance and Related CostsOther Direct Costs(Gain) Loss on Sale of Assets and Other (non-cash portion)Total
2022$0.4 $2.3 $0.0 $2.7 
Cumulative41.2 33.0 (3.9)70.3 


The following is a summary of the Company's 2020 Restructuring Plan liability activity for the current year:

(in millions)Severance and Related CostsOther Direct CostsTotal
Balance at December 31, 2021$4.7 $3.7 $8.4 
Costs incurred0.4 1.4 1.8 
Payments(2.3)(2.1)(4.4)
Balance at March 31, 2022$2.8 $3.0 $5.8 

In addition to the costs incurred in the table above, during the three months ended March 31, 2021 (costs incurred exclude any non-cash portion2022, the Company expensed $0.9 million of restructuring gains or losses on asset disposals):Other Direct Costs, which was prepaid at December 31, 2021.


The following is a summary of the Company's 2020 Restructuring Plan liability activity for the prior year comparable period:
(in millions)Severance and Related CostsOther Direct CostsTotal
Balance at December 31, 2020$15.4 $6.9 $22.3 
Costs incurred(0.3)2.7 2.4 
Payments(5.2)(1.6)(6.8)
Balance at March 31, 2021$9.9 $8.0 $17.9 

In addition to the costs incurred in the table above, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company expensed $1.9 million of Other Direct Costs, which was prepaid during the fourth quarter ofat December 31, 2020.

Additionally,In addition to the 2020 Restructuring Plan, the Company holdshas recorded other restructuring liabilities related to the previous restructuring plans that as of March 31, 2021,2022, totaled $23.3$21.9 million, of which $19.7$18.5 million was related to MEPP withdrawal obligations that will be paid-out over an approximate 20-year period. These other liabilities as of December 31, 2020,2021, totaled $24.0$22.2 million, of which $20.0$18.8 million was related to MEPP withdrawal obligations.

See Note 13,12, Segment and Other Information, for the impact that charges from these restructuring plans had on the Company's reportable segments.

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5. DEBT

The Company's debt obligations were as follows:
follows (the current period amounts do not include Veritiv Canada, Inc. See
Note 13, Divestitures
, for information on the sale of this business):
(in millions)(in millions)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020(in millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Asset-Based Lending Facility (the "ABL Facility")Asset-Based Lending Facility (the "ABL Facility")$534.5 $520.2 Asset-Based Lending Facility (the "ABL Facility")$474.2 $440.8 
Commercial card programCommercial card program1.6 1.3 Commercial card program2.3 2.1 
Vendor-based financing arrangementsVendor-based financing arrangements14.1 — 
Finance leasesFinance leases79.5 82.3 Finance leases35.9 72.8 
Total debtTotal debt615.6 603.8 Total debt526.5 515.7 
Less: current portion of debtLess: current portion of debt(14.9)(14.7)Less: current portion of debt(15.0)(16.0)
Long-term debt, net of current portionLong-term debt, net of current portion$600.7 $589.1 Long-term debt, net of current portion$511.5 $499.7 

ABL Facility

On April 9, 2020,In 2021, the Company amended its ABL Facility to extend the maturity date to April 9, 2025, reduced the aggregate commitments from $1.4 billion to $1.1 billion and adjustedMay 20, 2026, adjust the pricing grid for applicable interest rates.rates and update certain provisions to facilitate the transition from LIBOR to a new replacement benchmark rate. All other significant terms remained substantially the same. The Company recognized a one-time charge of $0.6 million to interest expense, net, on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, for the write-off of a portion of the previouslyincurred and deferred certain financing costs associated with lenders in the ABL Facility that exited the amended ABL Facility. In addition, the Company incurred and deferred $3.4 million of new financing costs associated with this transaction, reflected in other non-current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet,Sheets, which will beare being amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the amended term of the ABL Facility.

Availability under the ABL Facility is determined based upon a monthly borrowing base calculation which includes eligible customer receivables and inventory, less outstanding borrowings, letters of credit and certain designated reserves. As of March 31, 2021,2022, the available additional borrowing capacity under the ABL Facility was approximately $343.8$576.6 million. As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company held $12.1$11.0 million in outstanding letters of credit.
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The ABL Facility has a springing minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 on a trailing four-quarter basis, which will be tested only when specified availability is less than the limits outlined under the ABL Facility. At March 31, 2021,2022, the above test was not applicable and based on information available as of the date of this report it is not expected to be applicable in the next 12 months.

Commercial Card Program

The Company has a commercial purchasing card program that is used for business purpose purchasing and must be paid in-full monthly. At March 31, 2021,2022, the card carried a maximum credit limit of $37.5 million. At March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020, $1.62021, $2.3 million and $1.3$2.1 million, respectively, was outstanding on the commercial card. The net change in the outstanding balance is classified as aincluded in other financing activityactivities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Vendor-Based Financing Arrangements

On occasion, the Company enters into long-term vendor-based financing arrangements with suppliers to obtain products, services or property in exchange for extended payment terms. During thethree months ended March 31, 2022, the Company entered into a vendor-based financing agreement with a principal amount of $18.5 million to finance the acquisition of certain internal use software licenses to be paid over a five-year term. At March 31, 2022, the vendor-based financing arrangement had an outstanding balance of $14.1 million. In order to determine the present value of the commitments, the Company used an imputed interest rate of 3.17%. The payments associated with this arrangement are classified as financing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

6. INCOME TAXES

The Company calculated the expense or benefit for income taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate ("AETR") for the full fiscal year to "ordinary" income or loss (pre-tax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, due to the heightened uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, Veritiv was unable to reasonably estimate its AETR and used its actual year-to-date effective tax rate to calculate income tax expense.periods.

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The following table presents the Company's expense (benefit) for income taxes and the effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:rates:

Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)20212020
Income (loss) before income taxes$30.4 $0.0 
Income tax expense (benefit)9.1 0.4 
Effective tax rate29.9 %*
* not meaningful
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Income (loss) before income taxes$84.3 $30.4 
Income tax expense (benefit)5.8 9.1 
Effective tax rate6.9 %29.9 %

The difference between the Company's effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021 and the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% primarily relates to vesting of stock compensation, non-deductible expenses, state income taxes (net of federal income tax benefit), non-deductible expenses, tax expense for stock compensation vesting, Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI"),credits and the Company's pre-tax book income (loss) by jurisdiction. In addition, Veritiv recognizedAdditionally, the tax-effect ofeffective tax rate for the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) in the quarterthree months ended March 31, 2020, and recorded an estimated $2.1 million benefit, primarily related to2022 includes recognition of a deferred tax asset on the carryback of net operating loss (“NOL” or “NOLs”) generatedCompany's investment in 2019 to prior years in which the U.S. statutory tax rate was 35%.

The CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020 and makes significant economic stimulus changes and additional changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, allowing the carryback of NOLs occurring in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to the prior five years and eliminating the taxable income limitation, changes interest expense limitation, includes a technical correction for qualified improvement property depreciation and provides additional employee retention credits.foreign subsidiary.

7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On March 3, 2021, Veritiv announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $50.0 million share repurchase program (the "2021 Share Repurchase Program"). Executing within the 2021 Share Repurchase Program, on March 9, 2021, Veritiv entered into a Share Repurchase Agreement with UWW Holdings, LLC (the "UWWH Stockholder"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to repurchase (the “Share Repurchase”) an aggregate of 553,536 shares of its common stock owned by the UWWH Stockholder for an aggregate purchase price of $23.2 million. The Share Repurchase closed on March 12, 2021 and the Company funded the Share Repurchase with cash on hand. Concurrently with the closing of the Share Repurchase, the UWWH Stockholder sold the remainder of its shares of Veritiv common stock to an unrelated third party.
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Agreements with the UWWH Stockholder prior to the Share Repurchase

In January 2020, in connection with the Tax Receivable Agreement ("TRA") executed at the time of the Merger, Veritiv paid $0.3 million in principal and interest to the UWWH Stockholder for the utilization of pre-merger NOLs in its 2018 federal and state tax returns. In December 2020, the Company and the UWWH Stockholder agreed to settle the TRA. The Company paid the UWWH Stockholder a total of $12.0 million in settlement of all past and future liabilities that would have been owed under the TRA and the parties agreed to a mutual release of claims under the TRA. See Note 9, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information regarding the TRA.

On November 19, 2020, the UWWH Stockholder sold 1.40 million shares of Veritiv common stock in an underwritten public offering. The Company did not sell or repurchase any shares and did not receive any of the proceeds. Following completion of such sale, which reduced the UWWH Stockholder's ownership below 10% of Veritiv's outstanding common stock, Georgia-Pacific, as joint owner of the UWWH Stockholder, is no longer treated as a related party. The Company considers its stockholders that own more than 10.0% of its outstanding common stock to be related parties as defined within ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures.

Transactions with Georgia-Pacific

Veritiv purchases certain inventory items from, and sells certain inventory items to, Georgia-Pacific in the normal course of business. The following table summarizes the financial impact of the transactions with Georgia-Pacific during the prior year period when it was considered a related party:

Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)2020
Sales to Georgia-Pacific, reflected in net sales$5.6 
Purchases of inventory from Georgia-Pacific, recognized in cost of products sold18.8 

8. DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS

Veritiv does not maintain any activeopen defined benefit plans for its non-union employees. Veritiv maintains aan open defined benefit pension plan in the U.S. for employees covered by certain collectively bargained agreements. Veritiv also assumed responsibility for Unisource's defined benefit plans, which include frozen cash balance accounts for certain former Unisource employees. The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) other than the service cost component are included in other (income) expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts are generally amortized from AOCL over the expected future working lifetime of active plan participants.

Effective December 1, 2021, the Company divided the U.S. Veritiv Pension Plan by establishing a new Veritiv Hourly Pension Plan to provide benefits to certain employees who were accruing a benefit under the U.S. Veritiv Pension Plan pursuant to the terms of a collective bargaining agreement. Veritiv currently has the intent to subsequently terminate and settle the U.S. Veritiv Pension Plan. The Veritiv Hourly Pension Plan will remain open.

Total net periodic benefit cost (credit) associated with these plans is summarized below:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(in millions)U.S.CanadaU.S.Canada
Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit):
Service cost$0.6 $0.1 $0.6 $0.1 
Interest cost$0.3 $0.5 $0.4 $0.6 
Expected return on plan assets(1.1)(1.0)(1.0)(0.9)
 Total other components$(0.8)$(0.5)$(0.6)$(0.3)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)$(0.2)$(0.4)$0.0 $(0.2)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
(in millions)U.S.CanadaU.S.Canada
Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit):
Service cost$0.8 $0.1 $0.6 $0.1 
Interest cost$0.3 $0.6 $0.3 $0.5 
Expected return on plan assets(0.5)(1.1)(1.1)(1.0)
 Total other components$(0.2)$(0.5)$(0.8)$(0.5)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)$0.6 $(0.4)$(0.2)$(0.4)

The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) other than the service cost component are included in other (income) expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts are generally amortized from AOCL over the expected future working lifetime of active plan participants.
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9.8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

At March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables, other components of other current assets and other accrued liabilities, and the short-term debt associated with the commercial card program approximate their fair values due to the short maturity of these items. Cash and cash equivalents may include highly-liquid investments with original maturities to the Company of three months or less that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash.

Borrowings under the ABL Facility are at variable market interest rates, and accordingly, the carrying amount approximates fair value, which is a Level 2 measurement. The fair value of the debt-related interest rate cap was derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the agreement and Level 2 data for the forward interest rate curve adjusted for
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the Company's credit risk and was not significant for the periods presented in this report. See Note 5, Debt, for additional information regarding the Company's ABL Facility and other obligations.

At March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had assets held for saleassets-held-for-sale of $1.4$300.5 million and $0.4$1.2 million, respectively. At March 31, 2022 the Company had liabilities-held-for-sale of $172.9 million. These assets and liabilities are included, in other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at the lower of their carrying value or fair value, at March 31, 2021within the current assets and December 31, 2020, respectively.current liabilities sections of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The majority of the current year amounts are related to the divestiture of Veritiv Canada, Inc., which is described in Note 13, Divestitures.

At March 31, 2022, the timeCompany held a goodwill balance of $96.3 million for its Packaging reportable segment. Additionally, at March 31, 2022, the Company held an other intangibles, net asset balance of $38.9 million for its Packaging and Facility Solutions reportable segments, related to its customer relationships. As a result of the Merger,announced sale of Veritiv Canada, Inc., which the Company recordedconcluded represented a $59.4triggering event, the Company reviewed its goodwill and other intangible assets for possible impairment indicators. Utilizing Level 3 data (internal data such as the Company's operating and cash flow projections), the Company allocated $3.3 million contingent liability associated withof the TRA atgoodwill amount and $2.6 million of the other intangibles, net asset amount to the Canadian business being divested. The fair value using a discounted cash flow model. The contingent liability was remeasured at fair value at each reporting period-end withanalyses used in the change in fair value recognized inimpairment assessments for the retained goodwill and other (income) expense,intangibles, net onasset also relied upon Level 3 data. Management determined that the Condensed Consolidated Statementscarrying values of Operations. In December 2020, the Companygoodwill and other intangibles, net asset for both the Veritiv Canada, Inc. business and the UWWH Stockholder agreed to settle the TRA. Seeremaining Veritiv business were not impaired as of March 31, 2022. The divestiture of Veritiv Canada, Inc. is more fully described in Note 7, Related Party Transactions13, Divestitures, for additional information regarding the TRA..

10.9. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share for Veritiv common stock is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the respective periods. Diluted earnings per share is similarly calculated, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding during those periods if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued, using the treasury stock method, except where the inclusion of such common shares would have an antidilutive impact.

A summary of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations is as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)20212020
Numerator:
Net income (loss)$21.3 $(0.4)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding – basic15.88 16.16 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0.78 
Weighted-average shares outstanding – diluted16.66 16.16 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic earnings (loss) per share$1.34 $(0.02)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$1.28 $(0.02)
Antidilutive stock-based awards excluded from computation of diluted earnings per share ("EPS")0.11 1.28 
Performance stock-based awards excluded from computation of diluted EPS because performance conditions had not been met0.07 0.32 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)20222021
Numerator:
Net income (loss)$78.5 $21.3 
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding – basic14.77 15.88 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0.55 0.78 
Weighted-average shares outstanding – diluted15.32 16.66 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic$5.31 $1.34 
Diluted$5.12 $1.28 
Antidilutive stock-based awards excluded from computation of diluted earnings per share ("EPS")0.14 0.11 
Performance stock-based awards excluded from computation of diluted EPS because performance conditions had not been met0.00 0.07 

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10. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Share Repurchase Programs

On March 1, 2022, Veritiv announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $200 million share repurchase program (the "2022 Share Repurchase Program"). The 2022 Share Repurchase Program authorizes the Company, from time to time, to purchase shares of its common stock through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, forward, derivative or accelerated repurchase transactions, tender offers or otherwise, including Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations. The timing and method of any repurchases, which will depend on a variety of market factors, including market conditions, are subject to results of operations, financial conditions, cash requirements and other factors. This authorization may be suspended, terminated, increased or decreased by the Board of Directors at any time. During the month ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 78,025 shares of its common stock at a cost of $10.4 million under its 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

On March 3, 2021, Veritiv announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $50 million share repurchase program (the "2021 Share Repurchase Program"), which was increased to $100 million in May 2021. Executing within the 2021 Share Repurchase Program, on March 9, 2021, Veritiv entered into a Share Repurchase Agreement with UWW Holdings, LLC (the "UWWH Stockholder"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to repurchase (the "Share Repurchase") an aggregate of 553,536 shares of its common stock owned by the UWWH Stockholder for an aggregate purchase price of $23.2 million. The Share Repurchase closed on March 12, 2021 and the Company funded the Share Repurchase with cash on hand. Concurrently with the closing of the Share Repurchase, the UWWH Stockholder sold the remainder of its shares of Veritiv common stock to an unrelated third party. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had repurchased a total of 586,003 shares of its common stock at a cost of $24.6 million under its 2021 Share Repurchase Program. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had completed its repurchases under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program bringing the total purchases to $100 million, the authorized repurchase limit.

Veritiv Omnibus Incentive Plan

In accordance with the Company's 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of March 8, 2017, shares of the Company's common stock were issued to plan participants whose Restricted Stock Units, Performance Share Units, Market Condition Performance Share Units and/or Performance Condition Share Unitsnon-employee director grants (grants not deferred) vested during those periods. The net share issuance is included on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020.2021. The related cash flow impacts are included in financing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For additional information related to these plans, refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

See the table below for information related to these transactions.transactions:
(in millions)20222021
Three months ended March 31,
Shares issued0.7 0.3 
Shares recovered for minimum tax withholding(0.2)(0.1)
Net shares issued0.5 0.2 

(in millions)20212020
Three months ended March 31,
Shares issued0.3 0.2 
Shares recovered for minimum tax withholding(0.1)(0.1)
Net shares issued0.2 0.1 

11. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSSAccumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCL")

Comprehensive income (loss) is reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) and consists of net income (loss) and other gains and losses affecting shareholders' equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income (loss).

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The following table providestables provide the components of AOCL at March 31, 2021 (amounts are shown net of their related income tax effect,effects, if any):
(in millions)Foreign currency translation adjustmentsRetirement liabilitiesInterest rate capAOCL
Balance at December 31, 2021$(25.2)$1.0 $(0.1)$(24.3)
     Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period2.6 0.0 0.0 2.6 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)2.6 0.0 0.0 2.6 
Balance at March 31, 2022$(22.6)$1.0 $(0.1)$(21.7)

(in millions)Foreign currency translation adjustmentsRetirement liabilitiesInterest rate capAOCL
Balance at December 31, 2020$(24.2)$(9.1)$(0.2)$(33.5)
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period(0.3)0.0 0.0 (0.3)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)(0.3)0.0 0.0 (0.3)
Balance at March 31, 2021$(24.5)$(9.1)$(0.2)$(33.8)

The following table provides the components of AOCL at March 31, 2020 (amounts are shown net of their related income tax effect, if any):

(in millions)Foreign currency translation adjustmentsRetirement liabilitiesInterest rate capAOCL
Balance at December 31, 2019$(26.6)$(6.2)$(0.3)$(33.1)
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period(14.0)0.0 0.0 (14.0)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)(14.0)0.0 0.0 (14.0)
Balance at March 31, 2020$(40.6)$(6.2)$(0.3)$(47.1)

12.11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims and regulatory and administrative proceedings arising out of its business relating to general commercial and contractual matters, governmental regulations, intellectual property rights, labor and employment matters, tax and other actions.

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Although the ultimate outcome of any legal proceeding or investigation cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including the Company's assessment of the merits of the particular claim, the Company does not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Western Pennsylvania Teamsters and Employers Pension Fund

During the second quarter of 2019, in the course of negotiations for a collective bargaining agreement, Veritiv negotiated a partial withdrawal from the Western Pennsylvania Teamsters and Employers Pension Fund (the "Western Pennsylvania Fund"), a MEPP related to its Warrendale, Pennsylvania location, and recognized an estimated partial withdrawal liability of $6.5 million, which was unchanged as of March 31, 2021.

During the first quarter of 2020, Veritiv negotiated the complete withdrawal from the Western Pennsylvania Fund related to the second bargaining unit at its Warrendale, Pennsylvania location and recognized an estimated complete withdrawal liability of $7.1 million, which was unchanged as of March 31, 2021. The withdrawal charge was recorded in distribution expenses as it was not related to a restructuring activity.MEPPs

The Company records an estimated undiscounted charge when it becomes probable that it has incurred a withdrawal liability. Final charges for MEPP withdrawals are not known until the plans issue their respective determinations. As a result, these estimates may increase or decrease depending upon the final determinations.

Western Pennsylvania Teamsters and Employers Pension Fund

During the first quarter of 2020, Veritiv negotiated the complete withdrawal from the Western Pennsylvania Teamsters and Employers Pension Fund (the "Western Pennsylvania Fund"), a MEPP related to the second bargaining unit at its Warrendale, Pennsylvania location and recognized an estimated complete withdrawal liability of $7.1 million, which was unchanged as of March 31, 2022.

During the second quarter of 2019, in the course of negotiations for a collective bargaining agreement, Veritiv negotiated a partial withdrawal from the Western Pennsylvania Fund and recognized an estimated partial withdrawal liability of $6.5 million, which was unchanged as of March 31, 2022.

As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company has not yet received the determination letters for the full and partial and subsequent full withdrawalwithdrawals from the Western Pennsylvania Fund. The Company expects that payments will occur over an approximate 20-year period, which could run consecutively.

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Minneapolis Food Distributors Ind Pension Plan

During the fourth quarter of 2021, in the course of negotiations for a collective bargaining agreement, Veritiv negotiated a complete withdrawal from the Minneapolis Food Distributors Ind Pension Plan to take effect on July 31, 2022, and recognized an estimated complete withdrawal liability of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021. The withdrawal charge was recorded in distribution expenses as it was not related to a restructuring activity. As of March 31, 2022, the Company has not yet received the determination letter for the complete withdrawal from the Minneapolis Food Distributors Ind Pension Plan. The Company expects that payments will occur over an approximate three-year period.

12. SEGMENT AND OTHER INFORMATION

Veritiv's business is organized under 43 reportable segments: Packaging, Facility Solutions Print, and Publishing and Print Management ("Publishing").Solutions. See Note 1, Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for information regarding the formation of the Company's Print Solutions reportable segment. See Note 2, Revenue Recognition and Credit Losses, for descriptions of the Company's reportable segments and Corporate & Other.

The following tables presenttable presents net sales, Adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, restructuring charges, net, integration and acquisition expenses and other similar charges including any severance costs, costs associated with warehouse and office openings or closings, consolidation, and relocation and other business optimization expenses, stock-based compensation expense, changes in the LIFO reserve, non-restructuring asset impairment charges, non-restructuring severance charges, non-restructuring pension charges, net, fair value adjustments related to contingent liabilities assumed in mergers and acquisitions and certain other adjustments), which is the metric management uses to assess operating performance of the segments, and certain other measures for each of the reportable segments and Corporate & Other for the periods presented:
(in millions)PackagingFacility SolutionsPrintPublishingTotal Reportable SegmentsCorporate & OtherTotal
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Net sales$854.6 $206.1 $323.2 $148.1 $1,532.0 $27.3 $1,559.3 
Adjusted EBITDA78.0 11.5 12.3 5.1 106.9 (47.4)0
Depreciation and amortization6.1 2.0 1.6 0.0 9.7 4.8 14.5 
Restructuring charges, net2.7 0.5 1.6 0.0 4.8 (0.5)4.3 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Net sales$802.6 $259.7 $452.2 $166.7 $1,681.2 $26.1 $1,707.3 
Adjusted EBITDA59.6 9.0 11.2 3.6 83.4 (47.2)0
Depreciation and amortization5.3 1.9 2.1 0.0 9.3 4.5 13.8 
(in millions)PackagingFacility SolutionsPrint SolutionsTotal Reportable SegmentsCorporate & OtherTotal
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Net sales$1,003.1 $229.4 $596.6 $1,829.1 $29.0 $1,858.1 
Adjusted EBITDA97.4 13.4 54.6 165.4 (45.9)0
Depreciation and amortization6.3 1.8 1.2 9.3 3.4 12.7 
Restructuring charges, net1.6 0.4 0.7 2.7 0.0 2.7 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Net sales$854.6 $206.1 $471.3 $1,532.0 $27.3 $1,559.3 
Adjusted EBITDA78.0 11.5 17.4 106.9 (47.4)0
Depreciation and amortization6.1 2.0 1.6 9.7 4.8 14.5 
Restructuring charges, net2.7 0.5 1.6 4.8 (0.5)4.3 

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The table below presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the reportable segments:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Net income (loss)$78.5 $21.3 
Interest expense, net3.5 5.1 
Income tax expense (benefit)5.8 9.1 
Depreciation and amortization12.7 14.5 
Restructuring charges, net2.7 4.3 
Facility closure charges, including (gain) loss from asset disposition(0.6)0.3 
Stock-based compensation2.8 1.2 
LIFO reserve (decrease) increase11.0 5.1 
Non-restructuring severance charges1.7 0.8 
Other1.4 (2.2)
Adjustment for Corporate & Other45.9 47.4 
Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments$165.4 $106.9 

Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)20212020
Net income (loss)$21.3 $(0.4)
Interest expense, net5.1 7.0 
Income tax expense (benefit)9.1 0.4 
Depreciation and amortization14.5 13.8 
Restructuring charges, net4.3 
Facility closure charges, including (gain) loss from asset disposition0.3 1.4 
Stock-based compensation1.2 9.4 
LIFO reserve (decrease) increase5.1 (5.9)
Non-restructuring severance charges0.8 1.7 
Non-restructuring pension charges, net7.1 
Fair value adjustment on TRA contingent liability(0.7)
Fair value adjustment on contingent consideration liability1.0 
Other(2.2)1.4 
Adjustment for Corporate & Other47.4 47.2 
Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments$106.9 $83.4 
In February 2021, a Veritiv warehouse incurred significant damage as a result of a severe weather event, which included damage to the building structure and contents, as well as a loss of inventory. The total amount of the incurred loss and restoration cost is currently estimated to be approximately $13 million, the majority of which is expected to be covered by the Company's various insurance policies. From the date of the incident, a total net benefit of $1.8 million has been recognized in selling and administrative expenses on the Company's statements of operations, of which $2.1 million was recognized in 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company received $2.1 million in reimbursement related to the structural damage, which is reported as proceeds from insurance related to property and equipment on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Insurance proceeds not related to the structural damage are reported as cash flows from operating activities.
13. DIVESTITURES

Veritiv Canada, Inc.

In March 2022, the Company signed a definitive agreement to sell its Veritiv Canada, Inc. business to Imperial Dade Canada Inc. for a purchase price of CAD $240 million (approximately U.S. $190 million) in cash payable at closing, subject to certain customary adjustments. The sale includes substantially all of the Company's facility solutions and print operations in Canada, and a majority of the Company's Canada-based packaging business, which primarily serves food service customers. The Company maintains the ability to supply packaging solutions to the Canadian locations of certain U.S.-based customers. The sale does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations or financial results and it did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. Management determined that the carrying values of the goodwill and other intangible assets allocated to the Veritiv Canada, Inc. business were not impaired as of March 31, 2022. The sale closed in the second quarter of 2022. Upon closing of the sale, Veritiv’s approximately 900 employees in Canada became employees of Imperial Dade Canada Inc. Veritiv expects to use net proceeds from the transaction to support the 2022 Share Repurchase Program as well as future capital priorities and growth initiatives. See Note 14, Subsequent Event, for additional information regarding the sale of Veritiv Canada, Inc.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes, ("ASC 740"), a deferred tax asset should be recognized for the excess of the tax basis over the financial reporting carrying value of an investment in a subsidiary (“outside basis difference”) when it is apparent that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future. In connection with presenting the assets and liabilities of Veritiv Canada, Inc. as held-for-sale as of March 31, 2022, the Company was required to re-evaluate its position related to the recognition of a deferred tax asset or liability for the outside basis difference of the Veritiv Canada, Inc. corporate subsidiary being sold. In prior years, and as required under ASC 740, deferred taxes for such outside basis difference had not been recognized because the outside basis difference was deemed permanent in nature. Due to the sale status of the Veritiv Canada, Inc. business, which was pending as of March 31, 2022, the outside basis difference was no longer deemed
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to be permanent in nature and is expected to reverse in the foreseeable future. As a result, a net deferred tax asset of $1.1 million and a corresponding income tax benefit for the difference in the Company’s stock basis versus its book carrying value of the Veritiv Canada, Inc. corporate subsidiary was recorded in the first quarter of 2022.

The table below presents the estimated asset and liability balances for Veritiv Canada, Inc., which are reported as held-for-sale on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2022:

(in millions)Balance at March 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents$9.9 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances94.8 
Inventories87.3 
Other current assets15.0 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization38.0 
Goodwill3.3 
Other intangibles, net2.6 
Other non-current assets (1)
48.4 
Total assets$299.3 
Accounts payable$72.4 
Accrued payroll and benefits4.6 
Other accrued liabilities20.1 
Current portion of debt4.2 
Long-term debt, net of current portion31.5 
Defined benefit pension obligations3.9 
Other non-current liabilities (1)
36.2 
Total liabilities$172.9 
(1) Includes $42.1 million for operating lease ROU assets and $36.1 million for the corresponding operating lease obligations, respectively.

Rollsource business

On March 31, 2021, the Company sold its legacy Print segment's Rollsource business, which providesprovided specialized converting of commercial printing paper for distribution to the business-forms, direct-mail and digital-printing industries. The Company received net cash proceeds of approximately $7.5 million, which was immediatelywere used to pay outstanding revolving loan borrowings under the ABL Facility. The netcash proceeds are reported as proceeds from asset sales and sale of a business in the investing activities section of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company recognized aan initial pre-tax gain of $2.4 million on the sale which is included in selling and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The divestiture is not considered a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations or financial results; therefore it is not reported as discontinued operations.

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On May 2, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its Veritiv Canada, Inc. business to Imperial Dade Canada Inc. The Company received net cash proceeds of approximately $147.4 million, subject to normal working capital adjustments during the 90-day period following the sale close date. In connection with the closing, the Company entered into an agreement with the buyer for the provision of certain storage, order processing and/or fulfillment services for the small subset of Veritiv retained packaging customers.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Certain statements contained in this report regarding the Company's future operating results, performance, strategy, business plans, prospects guidance, the 2020 Restructuring Plan and any other restructuring,guidance, statements related to the impact of COVID-19 and any other statements not constituting historical fact are "forward-looking statements" subject to the safe harbor created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Where possible, the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "continue," "intend," "should," "will," "would," "planned," "estimated," "potential," "goal," "outlook," "may," "predicts," "could," or the negative of such terms, or other comparable expressions, as they relate to the Company or its business, have been used to identify such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements reflect only the Company's current beliefs and assumptions with respect to future operating results, performance, business plans, prospects, guidance and other matters, and are based on information currently available to the Company. Accordingly, the statements are subject to significant risks, uncertainties and contingencies, which could cause the Company's actual operating results, performance, business plans, prospects or guidance to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include the risks and other factors described under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in the Company's other publicly available reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), which contain a discussion of various factors that may affect the Company's business or financial results.. Such risks and other factors, which in some instances are beyond the Company's control, include: adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; the industry-wide decline in demand for paper and related products; increased competition from existing and non-traditional sources; procurement and other risks in obtaining packaging, facility products and paper from our suppliers for resale to our customers; changes in prices for raw materials; changes in trade policies and regulations; increases in the cost of fuel and third-party freight and the availability of third-party freight providers; the loss of any of our significant customers; uncertainties asinability to the structure, timing,realize expected benefits and costs of the 2020 Restructuring Plan or any future restructuring plan that the Company may undertake;plans; adverse developments in general business and economic conditions that could impair our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets; our ability to adequately protect our material intellectual property and other proprietary rights, or to defend successfully against intellectual property infringement claims by third parties; our ability to attract, train and retain highly qualified employees; our pension and health care costs and participation in multi-employer pension, health and welfare plans; the effects of work stoppages, union negotiations and labor disputes; our ability to generate sufficient cash to service our debt; increasing interest rates; our ability to refinance or restructure our debt on reasonable terms and conditions as might be necessary from time to time; our ability to comply with the covenants contained in our debt agreements; costs to comply with laws, rules and regulations, including environmental, health and safety laws, and to satisfy any liability or obligation imposed under such laws; changes in tax laws; adverse results from litigation, governmental investigations or audits, or tax-related proceedings or audits; regulatory changes and judicial rulings impacting our business; the impact of adverse developments in general business and economic conditions as well as conditions in the global capital and credit markets on demand for our products and services, our business including our international operations, and our customers; foreign currency fluctuations; inclement weather, widespread outbreak of an illness, anti-terrorism measures and other disruptions to our supply chain, distribution system and operations; our dependence on a variety of information technology and telecommunications systems and the Internet; our reliance on third-party vendors for various services; cybersecurity risks; and other events of which we are presently unaware or that we currently deem immaterial that may result in unexpected adverse operating results.

For a more detailed discussion of these factors, see the information under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings we make with the SEC. Forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, historical information should not be considered as an indicator of future performance.

The following discussion of the Company's financial condition and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, included elsewhere in this report.

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Executive Overview

The COVID-19 Pandemic

The global outbreak of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19"), which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has led to adverse impacts on the United States ("U.S.") and global economies and created significant uncertainty regarding potential impacts to Veritiv Corporation's ("Veritiv" or the "Company") operations, supply chain and customer demand. The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread, rapidly evolving and unpredictable impacts on global societies, economies, financial markets and business practices.Federalpractices, and state governments have implemented measures in an effortcreated uncertainty regarding potential impacts to containVeritiv Corporation
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("Veritiv" or the virus, including physical distancing recommendations, travel restrictions, border closures, limitations on public gatherings, work-from-home recommendations, supply chain logistical changes and closure of non-essential businesses. Veritiv’s logistics and distribution operations have fallen within guidance provided by various government authorities on essential businesses, services and workplaces and therefore"Company"). Although the Company has not experienced any closures of its distribution centers.centers, Veritiv serves customers across a broad range of industry sectors and geographies, with varying COVID-19 impacts. Primarily beginning in April 2020, unfavorable impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic have hadbegan having a negative impact on the Company's financial results, including decreased sales activity. Sales activity during the first quarter of 2021 continued to be below the same period in 2020 for the Company's reportable segments with the exception of the Packaging segment, which is now above pre-COVID-19 levels.

Veritiv's first priority remains the health and safety of its employees, customers and their families. The Company has taken steps to limit exposure and enhance the safety of its facilities for employees working to continue to supply vital products to its customers. In response to the pandemic, Veritiv initiated its Corporate Incident Response Team and initiated enhanced health and safety measures across its facilities. The Company modified practices at its distribution centers and offices to adhere to guidance from the United States ("U.S.") Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and local health and governmental authorities with respect to social distancing, enhanced cleaning protocols and usage of personal protective equipment, where appropriate. In addition, the Company implemented global travel restrictions and work-from-home policies for employees who have the ability to work remotely.

InBeginning in April 2020, Veritiv took several actions to help mitigate the effects of the revenue declinedecreased sales activity and improve liquidity. These actions included (i) temporarily reducing salaries for senior leaders ranging from 10% to 50% through June 2020, (ii) temporarily reducing annual cash retainers for independent directors by 50% through June 2020, (iii) placing approximately 15% of its salaried workforce on temporary furloughs through mid-July 2020, (iv) adjusting its supply chain operations staff depending on volume at specific locations, (v) suspending its share repurchase program and (vi) reducing discretionary spending including planned capital expenditures. In July 2020, Veritiv took additional actions in response to the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance liquidity, including implementing cost-savings and cash preservation initiatives as described under the heading "2020 Restructuring Plan" below. In addition, beginning with the second quarter of 2020, theThe Company invested $75.0 million of its cashsaw economic improvements during 2021 in highly-liquid investments instead of paying down its long-term debt.

Veritiv's management expects that cash provided by operating activities and available capacity under the Asset-Based Lending Facility (the "ABL Facility") will provide sufficient funds to operate the business and meet other liquidity needs. As of March 31, 2021, Veritiv had cash and cash equivalents of $109.0 million and also had $343.8 million in available additional borrowing capacity under the ABL Facility. In April 2020, Veritiv refinanced and extended the maturity datemany of the ABL Facility to April 2025.

markets where it operates as global vaccine distribution efforts continued. The current circumstances are dynamic and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's business operations, including the duration and impact on overall customer demand, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impactscontinues to impact the Company's business, results of operations, access to sources of liquidity and financial condition will depend on future developments. These developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted,difficult to predict, include, but are not limited to, the duration, spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic including new variants, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's employees, customers, suppliers and vendors, and the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted or recommended by local and federal governments or health authorities in response to the pandemic, the availability, adoption and effectiveness of avaccines and vaccine boosters and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume and be sustained. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, the Company may experience an impact to its business as a result of any economic recession, downturn or volatility or long-term changes in customer behavior.

Other Developments

Divestiture of Veritiv Canada, Inc.

On May 2, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its Veritiv Canada, Inc. business to Imperial Dade Canada Inc. The sale includes substantially all of the Company's facility solutions and print operations in Canada, and a majority of the Company's Canada-based packaging business, which primarily serves food service customers. The Company maintains the ability to supply packaging solutions to the Canadian locations of certain U.S.-based customers. The sale does not represent a strategic shift that has occurredwill have a major effect on the Company's operations or may occurfinancial results and it did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. Upon closing of the sale, Veritiv’s approximately 900 employees in Canada became employees of Imperial Dade Canada Inc. This sale will allow Veritiv to continue to shift its portfolio to focus on its core packaging business, with an emphasis on higher growth, higher margin businesses, and further invest in building on its industry-leading capabilities. Veritiv expects to use net proceeds from the transaction to support its recently announced $200 million share repurchase program as well as future capital priorities and growth initiatives. See Note 13 and Note 14 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the sale of Veritiv Canada, Inc.

The financial results of Veritiv Canada, Inc. are included in the future.Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, included in this report, as the sale of that business was completed in the second quarter of 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, net sales for this business totaled $191.8 million and $160.7 million, respectively. For that same time period, its Adjusted EBITDA totaled $10.9 million and $6.1 million, respectively. Less than 20% of Veritiv Canada, Inc.'s 2021 net sales were from the Packaging segment, after adjusting for products that are not a part of Veritiv's traditional packaging product offering in the U.S.

Change in Reportable Segments

As the print and publishing industries continue to evolve, the Company continues to focus on ways to share costs and leverage combined resources where possible. In order to better align the resources of the Company's print and publishing organizations with the needs of the changing marketplaces, during the first quarter of 2022 the Company reevaluated the way in which it would service its customers, manage its product offerings and allocate resources to support these areas of its business. This resulted in a decision to combine the print and publishing operations, resulting in a new reportable segment known as Print
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Solutions. Prior period results have been revised to align with the new presentation. See
Other EventsNote 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's product offerings and reportable segments.

20212022 Share Repurchase Program

On March 3, 2021,1, 2022, Veritiv announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $50.0$200 million share repurchase program (the "2021"2022 Share Repurchase Program"). Under this, which replaced the Company's previous $100 million share repurchase program that was fully utilized as of December 31, 2021. The 2022 Share Repurchase Program authorizes the Company, mayfrom time to time, to purchase shares of its common stock through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, forward, derivative or accelerated repurchase transactions, tender offers or otherwise, including Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations. The timing and method of any repurchases, which will depend on a variety of market factors, including market conditions, are subject to results of operations, financial conditions, cash requirements and other factors. This authorization for the share repurchase program replaces the $25.0 million share repurchase authorization previously approved by the Board of Directors in March 2020 (the "2020 Share Repurchase Program") and may be suspended, terminated, increased or decreased by the Board of Directors at any time. During the month ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 78,025 shares of its common stock at a cost of $10.4 million under its 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

2020 Restructuring Plan

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company initiated a restructuring plan (the "2020 Restructuring Plan") in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business operations, and the ongoing secular changes in its Printprint and Publishing segments. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company expanded the initial planpublishing operations and to further align its cost structure with ongoing business needs as the Company executes on its stated corporate strategy. The initial and expansion activities are collectively referred to as the "2020 Restructuring Plan."

The 2020 Restructuring Plan includesincluded (i) a reduction of the Company's U.S. salaried workforce by approximately 15% across all business segments and corporate functions, (ii) the closure of certain warehouse facilities and retail stores, (iii) adjustments to various compensation plans, (iv) repositioning of inventory to expand the Company's service radius and (v) other actions.

The Company currently estimates it will incur total restructuring charges of between $70 million and $87 million in connection with the 2020 Restructuring Plan. These costs will include the following activities (i) employee termination and other one-time compensation costs, (ii) real estate exit costs, (iii) certain inventory related costs and (iv) other exit costs. Initial charges were incurred and recorded in June 2020. The Company expects to substantially complete the 2020 Restructuring Plan bywas substantially complete as of December 31, 2021, with remaining charges of approximately $4 million expected to be incurred through the end of 2021.2022. See Note 4 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company's restructuring efforts.

Supply Chain RestructuringCompany Strategy

On March 13, 2020, Veritiv announced thatcontinues to execute against its Boardlong-term strategy to be the leading provider of Directors authorizedbusiness-to-business packaging products and services, as well as paper and facility solutions products and services. The Company managementcontinues to invest in organic packaging growth including selling and supply chain capabilities, and to pursue inorganic packaging growth opportunities. The Company also continues to evaluate alternatives to restructure the Company’s integrated supply chain in an effort to facilitate better alignment with the supply chain needsfor non-core components of the Company’s customers by segment, with a view towards reducing complexity and lowering overall supply chain costs. Each of the Company’s reportable segments has different market dynamics andour business and service needs. Moreover, to address the ongoing and rapid secular decline of the paper industry, management continues to explore opportunities to adapt the cost structure necessary to support the Print segment. The Company is not currently anticipating a separate restructuring of the supply chain operations in 2021 as the changes made in conjunction with the 2020 Restructuring Plan have positioned the Company to meet its near-term needs. There can be no assurance as to what form any future restructuring may take or whether this on-going evaluation will result in any restructuring. Additionally, any restructuring may result in a significant charge to earnings in any given financial reporting period or periods.including potential divestitures.

Business Overview

Veritiv is a leading North American business-to-business full-service provider of value-added packaging products and services, as well as facility solutions print and publishingprint-based products and services. Additionally, Veritiv provides logistics and supply chain management solutions to its customers. Veritiv was established inon July 1, 2014 following the merger (the "Merger") of International Paper Company's xpedx distribution solutions business and UWW Holdings, Inc., the parent company of Unisource Worldwide, Inc. The CompanyVeritiv operates from approximately 125 distribution centers primarily throughout the U.S., Canada and Mexico.

Veritiv's business is organized under fourthree reportable segments: Packaging, Facility Solutions Print, and Publishing and Print Management ("Publishing").Solutions. This segment structure is consistent with the way the Chief Operating Decision Maker, who is Veritiv's Chief Executive Officer, makes operating decisions and manages the growth and profitability of the Company's business.
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The Company also has a Corporate & Other category which includes certain assets and costs not primarily attributable to any of the reportable segments, as well as the Veritiv logistics solutions business which provides transportation and warehousing solutions. The following summary describes the products and services offered in each of the reportable segments:
Packaging – Veritiv is a global provider of packaging products, services and solutions. The Packaging segment provides custom and standard packaging solutions for customers based in North America and in key global markets. VeritivThis segment services its customers with a full spectrum of packaging product materials within the fiber-based, flexible, corrugated and fiber, ancillary packaging, rigid and equipment categories. The business is strategically focused on higher growth industry sectors including manufacturing, food processing and service, fulfillmentbeverage, wholesale and internet retail, healthcare and transportation, as well as nichespecialty sectors based on industry and product expertise. Veritiv's packaging professionals create customer value
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through supply chain solutions, structural and graphic packaging design and engineering, automation, workflow and equipment services and kitting.

Facility Solutions – Veritiv is a global provider of hygiene and facility solutions products and services. The Facility Solutions segment sources and sells cleaning, break-room and other supplies such asin product categories that include towels and tissues, commercial cleaning chemicals,food service, personal protective equipment, cleaning chemicals and safety supplies, wipers, can liners, soaps and sanitizers, dispensers, sanitary maintenance supplies and equipment, hazard supplies, and shampoos and amenitiesskincare, primarily in North America. Through this segment Veritiv manages a world class network of leading suppliers in most facilities solutions categories. Additionally, the Company offers total cost of ownership solutions with re-merchandising, budgeting and compliance reporting and inventory management and a sales-forcemanagement. Its sales force is trained to bring leading vertical expertise to the major North American geographies.

Print Solutions – The Print Solutions segment helps customers optimize their printed communication by sourcing and distributing sustainable papers through a global network of suppliers. The Print Solutions segment sells and distributes commercial printing, writing and copying digital, specialty products and graphics consumablesservices primarily in North America. Veritiv's broad geographic platform of operations and services, coupled with the breadth of paper and graphics products, including exclusive private brand offerings, provides a foundation to service national, regional and local customers across North America.

Publishing – The Publishing segment sells and distributes coated and uncoated commercial printing papers to publishers, retailers, converters, printers and specialty businesses for usecomprehensive suite of solutions in magazines, catalogs, books, directories, gaming, couponing, retail inserts and direct mail primarily in the U.S. This segment also providespaper procurement, print management, procurement and supply chain management solutions to simplify paper and print procurement processes for Veritiv's customers.distribution. This segment's customer base includes commercial printers, marketers, corporate end users, publishers and retailers.

Seasonality

The Company's operating results are subject to seasonal influences.  Historically, its higher consolidated net sales have occurred during the third and fourth quarters while its lowest consolidated net sales have occurred during the first quarter. The Packaging segment net sales have traditionally increased each quarter throughout the year and net sales for the first quarter have typically been less than net sales for the fourth quarter of the preceding year.  Production schedules for non-durable goods that build up to the holidays and peak in the fourth quarter drive this seasonal net sales pattern.  Net sales for the Facility Solutions segment have traditionally peaked in the third quarter due to increased summer demand in the away-from-home resort, cruise and hospitality markets and from back-to-school activities. Within the Print and Publishing segments,Solutions segment, seasonality is driven by increased magazine advertising page counts, retail inserts, catalogs and direct mail primarily due to back-to-school, political election and holiday-related advertising and promotions in the second half of the year. The COVID-19 pandemic disruptedhas had minor disruptions to the Company's seasonal patterns in net sales across all segments and on a consolidated basis in 2020 due to the significant impacts of the pandemic on many of Veritiv's customers. The duration and extent of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and the magnitude of continuing seasonality disruption is difficult to predict.

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Results of Operations, Including Business Segments

The following discussion compares the consolidated operating results of Veritiv for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20212020$%
Net sales$1,559.3 $1,707.3 $(148.0)(8.7)%
Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)1,238.1 1,359.6 (121.5)(8.9)%
Distribution expenses101.5 123.4 (21.9)(17.7)%
Selling and administrative expenses166.4 203.6 (37.2)(18.3)%
Depreciation and amortization14.5 13.8 0.7 5.1%
Restructuring charges, net4.3 — 4.3 *
Operating income (loss)34.5 6.9 27.6 400.0%
Interest expense, net5.1 7.0 (1.9)(27.1)%
Other (income) expense, net(1.0)(0.1)(0.9)(900.0)%
Income (loss) before income taxes30.4 0.0 30.4 *
Income tax expense (benefit)9.1 0.4 8.7 *
Net income (loss)$21.3 $(0.4)$21.7 *
*- not meaningful2021:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20222021$%
Net sales$1,858.1 $1,559.3 $298.8 19.2%
Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)1,455.4 1,238.1 217.3 17.6%
Distribution expenses112.2 101.5 10.7 10.5%
Selling and administrative expenses187.9 166.4 21.5 12.9%
Depreciation and amortization12.7 14.5 (1.8)(12.4)%
Restructuring charges, net2.7 4.3 (1.6)(37.2)%
Operating income (loss)87.2 34.5 52.7 152.8%
Interest expense, net3.5 5.1 (1.6)(31.4)%
Other (income) expense, net(0.6)(1.0)0.4 40.0%
Income (loss) before income taxes84.3 30.4 53.9 177.3%
Income tax expense (benefit)5.8 9.1 (3.3)(36.3)%
Net income (loss)$78.5 $21.3 $57.2 268.5%

Net Sales
For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, net sales decreasedincreased by $298.8 million, or 19.2%. Net sales increased in all reportable segments except Packaging. Primarily beginning in April 2020,with the Company experienced decreasedPackaging segment's net sales dueresponsible for approximately 50% of the total increase. Inflationary market price increases primarily in the Company's Packaging and Print Solutions product portfolio continued throughout the first quarter of 2022 and contributed to the negative impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline inincreased net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily due to continued impacts of the COVID-19 pandemicwhile net sales across the non-Packaging segments and the continuing secular decline in the paper industry. The Print segment experiencedfirst quarter of 2021 were negatively impacted by the largestCOVID-19 pandemic. To the extent feasible, the Company has adjusted its prices to reflect the impact as net sales decreased $129.0 million.of inflation on the cost of purchased materials and services. Also, despite constraints in the broader supply chain, the Company was able to mitigate some of the impact to its customers through leveraging its portfolio of suppliers and its North American supply chain network. Management expects higher market prices and marketplace supply chain challenges to continue throughout 2022. See the "Segment Results" section for additional discussion. Management expects net sales during the first half of 2021 to be unfavorably impacted in each of the Company's reportable segments due to the continuing negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the exception of the Packaging segment. The duration and extent of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and the magnitude of net sales declines is difficult to predict.

Cost of Products Sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, cost of products sold decreasedincreased primarily due to lowerhigher net sales. Cost of products sold decreasedincreased at a fasterslower rate than net sales due to improvements in pricing.pricing, as well as changes in segment mix.

Distribution Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, distribution expenses decreasedincreased by $21.9$10.7 million, or 17.7%10.5%. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to (i) an $8.4 million increase in freight and logistics expense and (ii) a $7.8$1.0 million decreaseincrease in wages and temporary employee expenses, (ii) a $7.1 million multi-employer pension plan withdrawal charge in the first quarter of 2020 that did not repeat in 2021, (iii) a $4.7 million decrease in facility and equipment rent expense and (iv) a $1.0 million decrease in freight and logistics expense.expenses. The decrease in wages and temporary employee expenses was primarily driven by actions taken by the Company in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lowering headcount across the Company's distribution network. The decrease in facility and equipment rent expense was primarily driven by consolidation of the Company's facilities. The decreaseincrease in freight and logistics expense was primarily driven by a decreasean increase in third-party freight and fuel expenses mostly related to lower nethigher sales volumes. The Company expects wagesvolume and related costs to decline in the first half of the year versus the comparable prior year period as a result of the reduction in the Company's U.S. salaried workforce.higher diesel fuel and carrier prices.

Selling and Administrative Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, selling and administrative expenses increased by $21.5 million, or 12.9%. The increase was primarily due to (i) a $17.1 million increase in personnel expenses and (ii) a $6.8 million increase in professional fees expense, partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in bad debt expense. The increase in personnel expenses was
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Selling and Administrative Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2021, selling and administrative expenses decreased by $37.2 million, or 18.3%. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $28.6 million decrease in personnel expenses, (ii) a $3.5 million decrease in bad debt expense, (iii) a $2.6 million decrease in professional fees expense and (iv) a $2.4 million gain on the sale of a business. The decrease in personnel expenses was primarily driven by (i) lower wages primarily as a result of actions taken by the Company in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) a decreasean increase in commission expenses driven by lowerdue to higher net sales, and (iii) a decrease(ii) an increase in travel and entertainment expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset byand (iii) higher incentive compensation expenses. The Company expects wages and related costs to decline in the first half of the year versus the comparable prior year period as a result of the reduction in the Company's U.S. salaried workforce.expense.

Depreciation and Amortization
For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, depreciation and amortization increasedwas slightly lower than the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by $0.7 million, or 5.1%. The increases were primarily due to increases inlower depreciation related to capitalizedon information technology and facilities expense.related assets.

Restructuring Charges, Net
For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, restructuring charges, net, increaseddecreased by $4.3 million. The increase was due to net charges from the 2020 Restructuring Plan occurring in 2021, which did not occur in the corresponding prior year period.$1.6 million, or 37.2%. See Note 4 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the Company's restructuring efforts.

Interest Expense, Net
For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, interest expense, net, decreased by $1.9$1.6 million, or 27.1%31.4%. The decrease was primarily due to (i) lower average interest rates and (ii) a lower average balance on the Company's ABL Facility and (ii) lower average interest rates.Facility.

Other (Income) Expense, Net
For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, other (income) expense, net, was income of $1.0$0.6 million. This was a net improvementunfavorable change of $0.9$0.4 million as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The improvementunfavorable change was primarily due to lowerhigher pension expenses and higher foreign currency gains.expenses.

Effective Tax Rate
Veritiv's effective tax rate wasrates were 6.9% and 29.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was not meaningful.2022 and 2021, respectively. The difference between the Company's effective tax rates and the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% primarily relates to vesting of stock compensation, non-deductible expenses, state income taxes (net of federal income tax benefit), non-deductible expenses, tax expense for stock compensation vesting, Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI"),credits and the Company's pre-tax book income (loss) by jurisdiction. In addition,Additionally, the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, Veritiv recorded an estimated $2.1 million2022 includes recognition of a deferred tax rate benefit related toasset on the carryback of net operating losses which are now available due to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act").Company's investment in a foreign subsidiary.

The historical volatility of the Company's effective tax rate has been primarily due to both the level of pre-tax book income (loss) as well as variations in the Company's income (loss) by jurisdiction. The Company may experience volatility of the effective tax rate in future periods due to potential fluctuations in the amount and source, including both foreign and domestic, of pre-tax book income (loss) by jurisdiction, potential deferred tax valuation allowance increases in certain jurisdictions, including the U.S., changes in amounts of non-deductible expenses, and other items that could impact the effective tax rate.

Segment Results
Adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, restructuring charges, net, integration and acquisition expenses and other similar charges including any severance costs, costs associated with warehouse and office openings or closings, consolidation, and relocation and other business optimization expenses, stock-based compensation expense, changes in the LIFO reserve, non-restructuring asset impairment charges, non-restructuring severance charges, non-restructuring pension charges, net, fair value adjustments related to contingent liabilities assumed in mergers and acquisitions and certain other adjustments) is the primary financial performance measure Veritiv uses to manage its businesses, to monitor its results of operations, to measure its performance against the ABL Facility and to incentivize its management.

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Veritiv believes investors commonly use Adjusted EBITDA as a key financial metric for valuing companies. In addition, the credit agreement governing the ABL Facility permits the Company to exclude these and other charges in calculating Consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the ABL Facility. This common metric is intended to align shareholders, debt holders and management. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and is not an alternative to net income, operating income or any other measure prescribed by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP").

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Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Veritiv's results as reported under U.S. GAAP. For example, Adjusted EBITDA:

Doesdoes not reflect the Company's income tax expenses or the cash requirements to pay its taxes; and
Althoughalthough depreciation and amortization charges are non-cash charges, it does not reflect that the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and the foregoing metric does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.

Other companies in the industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than Veritiv does, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to Veritiv to invest in the growth of its business. Veritiv compensates for these limitations by relying on the Company's U.S. GAAP results and by using Adjusted EBITDA for supplemental purposes. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is not an alternative measure of financial performance under U.S. GAAP and therefore should be considered in conjunction with net income and other performance measures such as operating income or net cash provided by operating activities and not as an alternative to such U.S. GAAP measures.

Due to the shared nature of the distribution network, to support the Packaging, Facility Solutions and Print segments, distribution expenses are not a specific charge to each segment but are instead allocated to each segment based primarily on operational metrics that correlate with changes in volume. Accordingly, distribution expenses allocated to each segment are highly interdependent on the results of other segments. Lower volume in any segment that is not offset by a reduction in distribution expenses can result in the other segments absorbing a larger share of distribution expenses. Conversely, higher volume in any segment can result in the other segments absorbing a smaller share of distribution expenses. The impact of this at the segment level is that the changes in distribution expense trends may not correspond with volume trends within a particular segment.

The Company sells thousandsPrior to the fourth quarter of products. In the Packaging and Facility Solutions segments,2021, Veritiv iswas unable to compute the impact of changes in sales volume based on changes in sales of each individual product.product for the Packaging and Facility Solutions segments. Rather, the Company assumesassumed that the margin staysstayed constant and estimatesestimated the volume impact based on changes in cost of products sold as a proxy for the change in sales volume. After any other significant sales variances arewere identified, the remaining sales variance iswas attributed to price/mix. As a result of the Company’s information technology enhancements, the Company has improved its insight into products within these segments and is able to isolate the change in sales attributed to volume and price separately at the item level for the majority of products and thus it no longer needs to rely on cost of products sold as a proxy for the changes in sales volumes.

The Company approximates foreign currency effects by applying the foreign currency exchange rate for the prior period to the local currency results for the current period. The Company believes the elimination of the foreign currency translation impact provides better year-to-year comparability without the distortion of foreign currency fluctuations.

The Company believes that the historical decline in demand for paper and related products is due to the widespread use of electronic media and permanent product substitution, more e-commerce, less print advertising, fewer catalogs and a reduced volume of direct mail, among other factors. ThisIn the long term, this trend which may have been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, is expected to continue and will place continued pressure on the Company’s revenues and profit margins and make it more difficult to maintain or grow Adjusted EBITDA within the Print Solutions segment. In the short term, shortages in the supply chain and Publishing segments.product cost inflation have resulted in higher paper and related product prices. The Company believes the shortage of supply is due to mill closures and conversions and international supply chain disruptions, which have been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher prices, if continued over the longer term, could further accelerate demand decline.

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Included in the following tabletables are net sales and Adjusted EBITDA for each of the reportable segments and Corporate & Other:
(in millions)PackagingFacility SolutionsPrintPublishingCorporate & Other
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Net sales$854.6 $206.1 $323.2 $148.1 $27.3 
Adjusted EBITDA78.0 11.5 12.3 5.1 (47.4)
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales9.1 %5.6 %3.8 %3.4 %*
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Net sales$802.6 $259.7 $452.2 $166.7 $26.1 
Adjusted EBITDA59.6 9.0 11.2 3.6 (47.2)
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales7.4 %3.5 %2.5 %2.2 %*
(in millions)PackagingFacility SolutionsPrint SolutionsCorporate & Other
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Net sales$1,003.1 $229.4 $596.6 $29.0 
Adjusted EBITDA97.4 13.4 54.6 (45.9)
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales9.7 %5.8 %9.2 %*
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Net sales$854.6 $206.1 $471.3 $27.3 
Adjusted EBITDA78.0 11.5 17.4 (47.4)
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales9.1 %5.6 %3.7 %*
* - not meaningful

See Note 1312 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to Adjusted EBITDA, including a reconciliation of net income (loss) as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments.

Packaging

The table below presents selected data for the Packaging segment:
Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)(in millions)20212020$%(in millions)20222021$%
Net salesNet sales$854.6 $802.6 $52.0 6.5 %Net sales$1,003.1 $854.6 $148.5 17.4 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA78.0 59.6 18.4 30.9 %Adjusted EBITDA97.4 78.0 19.4 24.9 %
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net salesAdjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales9.1 %7.4 %170 bpsAdjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales9.7 %9.1 %60 bps

The table below presents the components of the net sales change compared to the prior year:
Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)20212022 vs. 20202021
Volume$43.444.0 
Foreign currency5.3 (5.5)
Price/Mix3.3110.0 
Total change$52.0148.5 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 20212022 and March 31, 20202021

Net sales increased $52.0$148.5 million, or 6.5%17.4%, as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The net sales increase was primarily attributable to higher market prices and increased sales of corrugated products, ancillary packagingvolume in all product categories and labeling products as well as higher market prices.end use sectors, partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency impacts. Sales to healthcare, wholesale and retail and consumer electronics customers improved most significantly compared to the prior year period. Similar to the fourth quarter of 2020,prior year, net sales during the first quarter of 20212022 were positively impacted by strong e-commerce demand. SalesManagement expects the strong demand and supply chain constraints to industrial manufacturing customers continuedcontinue throughout 2022 and the Company has invested in additional inventory to improve during the current periodsupport its customers.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $19.4 million, or 24.9%, as compared to the fourth quartersame period in 2021. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to (i) higher net sales and (ii) cost of 2020, but certain sectors including automotive and aerospace remained below pre-COVID-19 pandemicproducts sold increasing at a slower rate than net sales, volumes.

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Adjusted EBITDA increased $18.4partially offset by (i) a $14.2 million or 30.9%, as compared to the same period in 2020. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to (i) increased net sales volume, (ii) a $4.6 million decrease in selling and administrative expenses and (iii) cost of products sold increasing at(ii) a slower rate than net sales, partially offset by a $1.7$9.0 million increase in distribution expenses. The decreaseincrease in selling and administrative expenses was primarily driven by (i) a $4.9$10.9 million increase in personnel expenses and (ii) a $4.7 million increase in professional fees expense, partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease in bad debt expense. The increase in personnel expenses was associated with (i) increased commission expenses driven by higher sales, (ii) higher wages and benefits to support the Company's Packaging growth strategy and (iii) an increase in travel and entertainment expenses. The increase in distribution expenses was primarily driven by increased utilization of the distribution network, which is reflected in (i) a $0.9$4.8 million increase in freight and logistics expense, and (ii) a $0.7$2.9 million increase in facility rent expense driven by increased utilization of the distribution network and equipment rent expense.(iii) a $1.0 million increase in personnel expenses.

Facility Solutions

The table below presents selected data for the Facility Solutions segment:    
Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)(in millions)20212020$%(in millions)20222021$%
Net salesNet sales$206.1 $259.7 $(53.6)(20.6)%Net sales$229.4 $206.1 $23.3 11.3 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA11.5 9.0 2.5 27.8 %Adjusted EBITDA13.4 11.5 1.9 16.5 %
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net salesAdjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales5.6 %3.5 %210 bpsAdjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales5.8 %5.6 %20 bps

The table below presents the components of the net sales change compared to the prior year:
Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)20212022 vs. 20202021
Volume$(61.2)39.8 
Foreign currency3.6 (3.6)
Price/Mix4.0 (12.9)
Total change$(53.6)23.3 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 20212022 and March 31, 20202021

Net sales decreased $53.6increased $23.3 million, or 20.6%11.3%, as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The net sales decreaseincrease was primarily attributable to decreasedincreased sales of towels and tissues, skin products, food service products and can liners primarily driven by the negative impact onoverall demand fromimprovements as compared to prior year, partially offset by lower market prices and unfavorable foreign currency impacts. As the COVID-19 pandemic. Partially offsettingpandemic restrictions were lifted, demand improved during the decline in net salesfirst quarter of 2022 as away-from-home activity resumed across the broader market place including at large entertainment and hospitality venues. This was strongpartially offset by declining demand for the product categories of personal protective equipment, wipers and hygiene-related products. Negative impactschemicals which experienced strong demand in 2021 due to customer demand have included business and school temporary closures, travel restrictions, constraints on large venues hosting sporting, conventions and entertainment events as well as extended work-from-home measures.COVID-19. Management expects the facility solutions future growth to follow the broader facility solutions away-from-home market throughout 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $2.5$1.9 million, or 27.8%16.5%, as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to higher net sales, partially offset by (i) a $6.8 million decrease in selling and administrative expenses, (ii) a $5.1 million decrease in distribution expenses and (iii) cost of products sold decreasingincreasing at a faster rate than net sales, partially offset by(ii) a decline$1.4 million increase in net sales.distribution expenses and (iii) a $0.9 million increase in professional fees expense. The decrease in selling and administrative expenses was primarily driven by a $6.4 million decrease in personnel expenses. The decreaseincrease in distribution expenses was primarily driven by (i) a $3.6$2.2 million decrease in personnel expenses and (ii) a $1.0 million decreaseincrease in freight and logistics expense primarily drivenpartially offset by third-party freighta $0.9 million decrease in facility and fuel expenses.equipment rent expense.


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Print Solutions

The table below presents selected data for the Print segment:
Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)(in millions)20212020$%(in millions)20222021$%
Net salesNet sales$323.2 $452.2 $(129.0)(28.5)%Net sales$596.6 $471.3 $125.3 26.6 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA12.3 11.2 1.1 9.8 %Adjusted EBITDA54.6 17.4 37.2 213.8 %
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net salesAdjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales3.8 %2.5 %130 bpsAdjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales9.2 %3.7 %550 bps

The table below presents the components of the net sales change compared to the prior year:
Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)20212022 vs. 20202021
Volume$(120.7)26.8 
Foreign currency2.4 (2.4)
Price/Mix(10.7)100.9 
Total change$(129.0)125.3 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 20212022 and March 31, 20202021

Net sales decreased $129.0increased $125.3 million, or 28.5%26.6%, as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The net sales decreaseincrease was primarily attributable to (i) the continued secular decline in the paper industry in addition to managing risk in the segment through strategic adjustmentshigher market prices driven by strong demand compared to the Company's customer base and (ii) theprior year period when there was a significant negative impact on demand fromdue to COVID-19 as well as increased sales volume, partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency impacts. Market demand for coated and uncoated paper grades was strong in the COVID-19 pandemic.first quarter of 2022. Management expects the demand and supply imbalance to continue throughout 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.1$37.2 million, or 9.8%213.8%, as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The Adjusted EBITDA increase was primarily attributable to (i) an $11.7 million decrease in sellingcost of products sold increasing at a slower rate than net sales, (ii) higher net sales and administrative expenses and (ii)(iii) a $10.7$1.5 million decrease in distribution expenses, partially offset by a decline in net sales. The decrease$4.0 million increase in selling and administration expenses was primarily driven by (i) a $9.2 million decrease in personnel expenses and (ii) a $1.9 million decrease in bad debt expense.administrative expenses. The decrease in distribution expenses was primarily driven by (i) a $4.5 million decrease in personnel expenses, (ii) a $4.2$2.8 million decrease in facility and equipment rent expense, primarily drivenoffset by consolidation of the Company's facilities and (iii) a $1.2$1.3 million decreaseincrease in freight and logistics expense,expense. The increase in selling and administrative expenses was primarily driven by a decrease$3.1 million increase in third-party freight and fuel expenses.personnel expenses, due to increased commission expense.

PublishingCorporate & Other

The table below presents selected data for the Publishing segment:
Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20212020$%
Net sales$148.1 $166.7 $(18.6)(11.2)%
Adjusted EBITDA5.1 3.6 1.5 41.7 %
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales3.4 %2.2 %120 bps
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The table below presents the components of the net sales change compared to the prior year:
Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)2021 vs. 2020
Volume$(14.5)
Foreign currency— 
Price/Mix(4.1)
Total change$(18.6)
Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20222021$%
Net sales$29.0 $27.3 $1.7 6.2 %
Adjusted EBITDA(45.9)(47.4)1.5 3.2 %

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 20212022 and March 31, 20202021

Net sales decreased $18.6increased $1.7 million, or 11.2%6.2%, as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The net sales decreaseincrease was primarily attributable to (i)an increase in the continued secularprice of freight brokerage services, partially offset by a decline in the paper industry and changes in order patterns due to customer consolidation, digital advertising and other factors and (ii) the negative impact on demand from the COVID-19 pandemic.volume.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.5 million, or 41.7%3.2%, as compared to the same period in 2020.2021. The Adjusted EBITDA increase was primarily attributable todriven by (i) a $2.7$1.3 million decrease in selling and administrative expenses, partially offset by(ii) cost of products sold increasing at a decline inslower rate than net sales and (iii) higher net sales. The decrease in selling and administrative expenses was primarily driven by (i) a $1.9 million decrease in bad debt expense and (ii) a $0.7 million decrease in personnel expenses.

Corporate & Other

The table below presents selected data for Corporate & Other:
Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20212020$%
Net sales$27.3 $26.1 $1.2 4.6 %
Adjusted EBITDA(47.4)(47.2)(0.2)(0.4)%

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020

Net sales increased $1.2 million, or 4.6%, as compared to the same period in 2020. The net sales increase was primarily attributable to an increase in freight brokerage services.

Adjusted EBITDA decreased $0.2 million, or 0.4%, as compared to the same period in 2020. The Adjusted EBITDA decrease was primarily driven by a $0.8 million increase in selling and administrative expenses. The increase in selling and administrative expenses was primarily driven by a $3.7 million increase in incentive compensation expense driven by the Company outperforming incentive targets,wages, partially offset by (i) a $1.7 million decrease in professional fees expense and (ii) a $1.1 million decrease in travel and entertainmenthigher incentive compensation expense.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The cash requirements of the Company are provided by cash flows from operations and borrowings under the ABL Facility. See Note 5 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's debt position.
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The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)20212020
Net cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities$13.2 $84.8 
Investing activities1.7 (8.2)
Financing activities(26.1)(39.2)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Net cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities$(5.9)$13.2 
Investing activities(7.1)1.7 
Financing activities7.4 (26.1)

Analysis of Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Net cash provided byfrom operating activities decreasedwas lower by $71.6$19.1 million as compared to the prior year,year. The decrease was primarily as a result of an increase in inventory levels, due primarily to the payment of $10.1 million of payroll taxes in the first quarter of 2022, which were previously deferred under the CARES Act. The remaining net unfavorable changes in the Company's rebuilding of its stock levels from pandemicaccounts receivable, accounts payable and inventory, which were driven lows in 2020,by revenue growth and other normal business activities, were partially offset by improvements inimproved operating results.

Investing Activities
Net cash from investing activities increasedwas lower by $9.9$8.8 million as compared to the prior year, primarily due to the cash proceeds received from the sale of a business in Marchthe first quarter of 2021, for which the Company received net cash proceeds oftotaling approximately $7.5 million, and slightly lowerexceeding the proceeds received from asset sales in the current year period. Additionally, the Company's higher capital expenditures in the current year period.period were partially offset by the current year receipt of $2.1 million in insurance proceeds, which represented coverage for the structural damage sustained to one of its properties in the prior year.

Financing Activities
Net cash used forfrom financing activities was a lower use of cashhigher by $13.1$33.5 million as compared to the prior year,year. The increase was primarily due to lower net repayments under the Company's ABL Facility and a favorable change in book overdrafts, due to the timing of payments, lower net repayments under the Company's ABL Facility and lower common stock repurchases, which were partially offset by higher tax withholdings on share-based compensation. During the month ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 78,025 shares of its common stock repurchases.at a cost of $10.4 million under its 2022 Share Repurchase Program. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company repurchased 586,003 shares of its common stock at a cost of $24.6 million under its 2021 Share Repurchase Program. During

At March 31, 2022, in conjunction with the first quarterannounced sale of 2020, the Company repurchased 383,972 sharesVeritiv Canada, Inc., $9.9 million of its common stock at a cost of $3.5 million under its 2020 Share Repurchase Program. See Part II, Item 2 of this report for additional informationcash and cash equivalents was reclassified to assets-held-for-sale on the Company's share repurchase programs.Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Funding and Liquidity Strategy

On April 9, 2020,In 2021, the Company amended its ABL Facility to extend the maturity date to April 9, 2025, reduced the aggregate commitments from $1.4 billion to $1.1 billion and adjustedMay 20, 2026, adjust the pricing grid for applicable interest rates.rates and update certain provisions to facilitate the transition from LIBOR to a new replacement benchmark rate. All other significant terms remained substantially the same.

Availability under the ABL Facility is determined based upon a monthly borrowing base calculation which includes eligible customer receivables and inventory, less outstanding borrowings, letters of credit and certain designated reserves. As of March 31, 2021,2022, the available additional borrowing capacity under the ABL Facility was approximately $343.8$576.6 million. As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company held $12.1$11.0 million in outstanding letters of credit.

The ABL Facility has a springing minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 on a trailing four-quarter basis, which will be tested only when specified availability is less than the limits outlined under the ABL Facility. At March 31, 2021,
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2022, the above test was not applicable and based on information available as of the date of this report it is not expected to be applicable in the next 12 months.

Veritiv's management expects that the Company's primary future cash needs will be for working capital, capital expenditures, contractual commitments, share repurchases and strategic investments. Veritiv's ability to fund its capital and operating needs will depend on its ongoing ability to generate cash from operations, availability of borrowings under the ABL Facility and funds received fromaccess to the capital market offerings.markets. If Veritiv's cash flows from operating activities are lower than expected, the Company willwould need to borrow under the ABL Facility and may need to incur additional debt or issue additional equity. Although management believes that the arrangements currently in place will permit Veritiv to finance its operationscapital and operating needs on acceptable terms and conditions, the Company's access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including the liquidity of the overall capital markets and the current state of the economy. To preserve liquidity, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company may invest a portion of its cash in highly-liquid investments with original maturities to the Company of three months or less that are readily convertible
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into known amounts of cash. As of March 31, 2021, the Company held $75.0 million in these cash equivalents. The Company also elected to defer the payment of $19.1 million in payroll taxes incurred through December 31, 2020, as provided by the CARES Act, until December 2021 and 2022.

Veritiv's management expects that the Company's primary future cash needs will be for working capital, capital expenditures, contractual commitments, share repurchases and strategic investments. The Company currently estimates it will incur total restructuring2020 Restructuring Plan was substantially complete as of December 31, 2021, with remaining charges of between $70approximately $4 million and $87 million in connection withexpected to be incurred through the 2020 Restructuring Plan.end of 2022. See Note 4 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information onregarding the Company's restructuring efforts. Management expectsThe Company currently estimates that cash on hand, cashduring 2022 it will spend approximately $30 million for capital expenditures covering both maintenance and strategic investments. As provided by operating activitiesthe CARES Act, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic the Company deferred $19.1 million of payroll taxes, which it had incurred through December 31, 2020. In January 2022 the Company paid $10.1 million of the deferred payroll taxes and currently expects to pay the available capacity underremaining amount in December 2022. See Note 3 of the ABL Facility will provide sufficient fundsNotes to operateCondensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the business and meet other liquidity needs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Veritiv does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2021, other thanCompany's lease commitments, including leases that have not yet commenced and the letters of credit under the ABL Facility (see Note 3 andcommenced. See Note 5 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements respectively, for additional information on these items). The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on its financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes toregarding the Company's contractual obligations from those disclosed in Veritiv's Annual Report on Form 10-Kuse of vendor-based financing arrangements. See Note 13 and Note 14 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the year ended December 31, 2020.sale of Veritiv Canada, Inc.

Inflation and Changing Prices

Essentially all of the Company's revenue is derived from the sale of its products and services in competitive markets. To the extent feasible, the Company has adjusted its prices to reflect the impact of inflation on the cost of purchased materials and services. Impacts on the Company's results from price and product mix are discussed in the "Segment Results" section.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to the Company's critical accounting policies and estimate methodologies from those disclosed in Veritiv's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. Although these estimates are based on management's knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the domestic and global economies. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. See the "Use of Estimates" section of Note 1 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

See Note 1 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding recently issued accounting standards.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Item 7A "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management has carried out an evaluation, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon such evaluation, management has concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2021.2022.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 20212022 that hashave materially affected, or isare reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 1211 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

2021.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On March 3, 2021,1, 2022, Veritiv announced that its Board of Directors authorized the $50.0a $200 million 2021share repurchase program (the "2022 Share Repurchase Program. Under this programProgram"). The 2022 Share Repurchase Program authorizes the Company, mayfrom time to time, to purchase shares of its common stock through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, forward, derivative or accelerated repurchase transactions, tender offers or otherwise, including Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations. The timing and method of any repurchases, which will depend on a variety of market factors, including market conditions, are subject to results of operations, financial conditions, cash requirements and other factors. This authorization for the share repurchase program replaces the 2020 Share Repurchase Program and may be suspended, terminated, increased or decreased by the Board of Directors at any time.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company repurchased 383,972 shares of its common stock at a cost of $3.5 million under its 2020 Share Repurchase Program, prior to its suspension as of March 27, 2020.

The following table presents information with respect to purchases made by the Company of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 20212022 (shares are in whole units):

PeriodPeriod
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Program (2)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced ProgramPeriod
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Program (2)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Program
January 1-31January 1-3135,116 $20.83— 50,000,000 January 1-3131,323 $122.57— $— 
February 1-28February 1-2864 $20.79— 50,000,000 February 1-2818,677 $94.30— $— 
March 1-31March 1-31655,082 $41.24586,003 25,439,001 March 1-31270,743 $126.7378,025 $189,570,387 
(1) The total number of shares purchased includes: (i) shares purchased pursuant to the 20212022 Share Repurchase Program (if any) and (ii) shares surrendered to the
Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of stock units issued as part of the Company's equity-based incentive plans.
(2) This column discloses the number of shares purchased pursuant to the 20212022 Share Repurchase Program during the indicated periods.






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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.Description
2.1†
10.1*
10.2*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
32.2*
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
† The schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601.
* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
VERITIV CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Date:May 5, 20219, 2022By: /s/ Stephen J. Smith
Name: Stephen J. Smith
Title: Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date:May 5, 20219, 2022By: /s/ Andrew E. MagleyLance D. Gebert
Name: Andrew E. MagleyLance D. Gebert
Title: Chief Accounting OfficerCorporate Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)



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