UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-36787

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)



Canada		98-1206431
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



130 King Street West, Suite 300 ~~Toronto, Ontario~~		M5X 1E1
Toronto,	Ontario
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

~~(905)~~ (905) 845-6511

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class B exchangeable limited partnership units	QSP	Toronto Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.




Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April ~~22, 2019,~~24, 2020, there were ~~207,380,043~~164,935,193 Class B exchangeable limited partnership units and 202,006,067 Class A common units outstanding.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

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		Page

		PART I – Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3630
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4942
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	4942

		PART II – Other Information
Item 1.1A.	~~Legal Proceedings~~Risk Factors	5145
Item 5.	Other Information	5146
Item 6.	Exhibits	5247
	Signatures	5448

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PART I — Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions of U.S. dollars, except unit data)

(Unaudited)


	As of						As of
	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	902		$	913		$	2,498		$	1,533
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $14 and $14, respectively	441			452
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $16 and $13, respectively							414			527
Inventories, net	74			75			85			84
Prepaids and other current assets	63			60			62			52
Total current assets	1,480			1,500			3,059			2,196
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $645 and $704, respectively	2,011			1,996
Operating lease assets	1,148			—
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $751 and $746, respectively							1,939			2,007
Operating lease assets, net							1,115			1,176
Intangible assets, net	10,427			10,463			10,085			10,563
Goodwill	5,555			5,486			5,376			5,651
Net investment in property leased to franchisees	50			54			49			48
Other assets, net	622			642			1,006			719
Total assets	$	21,293		$	20,141		$	22,629		$	22,360
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts and drafts payable	$	451		$	513		$	484		$	644
Other accrued liabilities	689			637			779			790
Gift card liability	112			167			106			168
Current portion of long term debt and finance leases	94			91
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases							103			101
Total current liabilities	1,346			1,408			1,472			1,703
Term debt, net of current portion	11,747			11,823
Long-term debt, net of current portion							12,822			11,759
Finance leases, net of current portion	287			226			283			288
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,046			—			1,039			1,089
Other liabilities, net	1,531			1,547			1,774			1,698
Deferred income taxes, net	1,563			1,519			1,487			1,564
Total liabilities	17,520			16,523			18,877			18,101
Partners’ capital:
Class A common units; 202,006,067 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	4,423			4,323
Partnership exchangeable units; 207,382,401 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019; 207,523,591 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018	737			730
Class A common units; 202,006,067 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019							7,840			7,786
Partnership exchangeable units; 165,329,153 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020; 165,507,199 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019							(2,370		)	(2,353		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,389		)	(1,437		)	(1,721		)	(1,178		)
Total Partners’ capital	3,771			3,616			3,749			4,255
Noncontrolling interests	2			2			3			4
Total equity	3,773			3,618			3,752			4,259
Total liabilities and equity	$	21,293		$	20,141		$	22,629		$	22,360

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In millions of U.S. dollars, except per unit data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Revenues:
Sales	$	522		$	548		$	503		$	522
Franchise and property revenues	744			706			722			744
Total revenues	1,266			1,254			1,225			1,266
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	406			429			399			406
Franchise and property expenses	133			104			126			133
Selling, general and administrative expenses	312			301			325			312
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(2		)	(14		)	2			(2		)
Other operating expenses (income), net	(17		)	13			(16		)	(17		)
Total operating costs and expenses	832			833			836			832
Income from operations	434			421			389			434
Interest expense, net	132			140			119			132
Income before income taxes	302			281			270			302
Income tax expense	56			2			46			56
Net income	246			279			224			246
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			—			—
Net income attributable to common unitholders	$	246		$	279		$	224		$	246
Earnings per unit - basic and diluted
Class A common units	$	0.67		$	0.73		$	0.71		$	0.67
Partnership exchangeable units	$	0.53		$	0.60		$	0.48		$	0.53
Weighted average units outstanding - basic and diluted
Class A common units	202			202			202			202
Partnership exchangeable units	208			218			165			208

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net income	$	246		$	279		$	224		$	246

Foreign currency translation adjustment	159			(217		)	(751		)	159
Net change in fair value of net investment hedges, net of tax of $26 and $(9)	(76		)	3
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $12 and $(9)	(34		)	25
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $0 and $(2)	(1		)	6
Net change in fair value of net investment hedges, net of tax of $(106) and $26							411			(76		)
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $79 and $12							(214		)	(34		)
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $(4) and $0							11			(1		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	48			(183		)	(543		)	48
Comprehensive income (loss)	294			96			(319		)	294
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			—			—
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common unitholders	$	294		$	96		$	(319	)	$	294

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(In millions of U.S. dollars, except units)

(Unaudited)



	Class A Common Units				Partnership Exchangeable Units					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Noncontrolling Interest			Total
	Units	Amount			Units		Amount			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Noncontrolling Interest			Total
Balances at December 31, 2019	202,006,067	$	7,786		165,507,199		$	(2,353	)	$	(1,178	)	$	4		$	4,259
Distributions declared on Class A common units ($0.77 per unit)	—	(156		)	—		—			—			—			(156		)
Distributions declared on partnership exchangeable units ($0.52 per unit)	—	—			—		(86		)	—			—			(86		)
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares	—	11			(178,046	)	(11		)	—			—			—
Capital contribution from RBI Inc.	—	55			—		—			—			—			55
Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions)	—	—			—		—			—			(1		)	(1		)
Net income	—	144			—		80			—			—			224
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—			—		—			(543		)	—			(543		)
Balances at March 31, 2020	202,006,067	$	7,840		165,329,153		$	(2,370	)	$	(1,721	)	$	3		$	3,752

Class A Common
Units Partnership
Exchangeable Units Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Noncontrolling
Interest Total
Units Amount Units Amount
Balances at December 31, 2018 202,006,067
$ 4,323
207,523,591
$ 730
$ (1,437 ) $ 2
$ 3,618
Cumulative effect adjustment —
12
—
9
—
—
21
Distributions declared on Class A common units ($0.63 per unit) —
(127 ) —
—
—
—
(127 )
Distributions declared on partnership exchangeable units ($0.50 per unit) —
—
—
(104 ) —
—
(104 )
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares —
9
(141,190 ) (9 ) —
—
—
Capital contribution from RBI Inc. —
71
—
—
—
—
71
Net income —
135
—
111
—
—
246
Other comprehensive income (loss) —
—
—
—
48
—
48
Balances at March 31, 2019 202,006,067
$ 4,423
207,382,401
$ 737
$ (1,389 ) $ 2
$ 3,773


	Class A Common Units				Partnership Exchangeable Units						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Noncontrolling Interest		Total			Class A Common Units				Partnership Exchangeable Units					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Noncontrolling Interest		Total
	Units	Amount			Units		Amount				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Noncontrolling Interest		Total			Units	Amount			Units		Amount			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Noncontrolling Interest		Total
Balances at December 31, 2017	202,006,067	$	4,168		217,708,924		$	1,276			$	(884	)	$	1	$	4,561
Balances at December 31, 2018																			202,006,067	$	4,323		207,523,591		$	730		$	(1,437	)	$	2	$	3,618
Cumulative effect adjustment	—	(132		)	—		(118		)		—			—		(250		)	—	12			—		9			—			—		21
Distributions declared on Class A common units ($0.55 per unit)	—	(112		)	—		—				—			—		(112		)
Distributions declared on partnership exchangeable units ($0.45 per unit)	—	—			—		(98		)	��	—			—		(98		)
Distributions declared on Class A common units ($0.63 per unit)																			—	(127		)	—		—			—			—		(127		)
Distributions declared on partnership exchangeable units ($0.50 per unit)																			—	—			—		(104		)	—			—		(104		)
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares	—	2			(29,432	)	(2		)		—			—		—			—	9			(141,190	)	(9		)	—			—		—
Capital contribution from RBI Inc.	—	44			—		—				—			—		44			—	71			—		—			—			—		71
Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions)	—	—			—		—				—			1		1
Net income	—	148			—		131				—			—		279			—	135			—		111			—			—		246
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—			—		—				(183		)	—		(183		)	—	—			—		—			48			—		48
Balances at March 31, 2018	202,006,067	$	4,118		217,679,492		$	1,189			$	(1,067	)	$	2	$	4,242
Balances at March 31, 2019																			202,006,067	$	4,423		207,382,401		$	737		$	(1,389	)	$	2	$	3,773

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	246		$	279		$	224		$	246
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	47			47			45			47
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount	7			7			6			7
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(2		)	(14		)	2			(2		)
Loss (gain) on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions	(15		)	16
(Gain) loss on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions							(8		)	(15		)
Net (gains) losses on derivatives	(20		)	2			(6		)	(20		)
Share-based compensation expense	22			13			19			22
Deferred income taxes	38			(19		)	(31		)	38
Other	3			4			(4		)	3
Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts and notes receivable	14			15			94			14
Inventories and prepaids and other current assets	(13		)	(7		)	(13		)	(13		)
Accounts and drafts payable	(69		)	(73		)	(136		)	(69		)
Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability	(126		)	(374		)	(67		)	(126		)
Tenant inducements paid to franchisees	—			(2		)	(3		)	—
Other long-term assets and liabilities	22			(36		)	14			22
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	154			(142		)
Net cash provided by operating activities							136			154
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for property and equipment	(5		)	(7		)	(19		)	(5		)
Net proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	4			2			4			4
Settlement/sale of derivatives, net	11			3			12			11
Other investing activities, net	1			4			—			1
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	11			2
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities							(3		)	11
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving line of credit and long-term debt							1,085			—
Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases	(23		)	(22		)	(25		)	(23		)
Distributions on Class A common and Partnership exchangeable units	(207		)	(97		)	(232		)	(207		)
Distributions to RBI for payments in connection with redemption of preferred shares	—			(34		)
Capital contribution from RBI Inc.	42			25			30			42
(Payments) proceeds from derivatives							(2		)	5
Other financing activities, net	6			—			(1		)	1
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities	(182		)	(128		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities							855			(182		)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	6			(8		)	(23		)	6
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(11		)	(276		)	965			(11		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	913			1,097			1,533			913
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	902		$	821		$	2,498		$	902
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid	$	140		$	129		$	104		$	140
Income taxes paid	$	45		$	304		$	48		$	45

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Description of Business and Organization

Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership (“Partnership”, “we”, “us” or “our”) was formed on August 25, 2014 as a general partnership and was registered on October 27, 2014 as a limited partnership in accordance with the laws of the Province of Ontario. We franchise and operate quick service restaurants serving premium coffee and other beverage and food products under the Tim Hortons® brand (“Tim Hortons” or “TH”), fast food hamburgers principally under the Burger King® brand (“Burger King” or “BK”), and chicken under the Popeyes® brand (“Popeyes” or “PLK”). We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant, or QSR, companies as measured by total number of restaurants. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we franchised or owned ~~4,866~~4,925 Tim Hortons restaurants, ~~17,823~~18,848 Burger King restaurants, and ~~3,120~~3,336 Popeyes restaurants, for a total of ~~25,809~~27,109 restaurants, and operate in more than 100 countries and U.S. territories. Approximately 100% of current system-wide restaurants are franchised.

We are a subsidiary of Restaurant Brands International Inc. (“RBI”). RBI is our sole general partner, and as such, RBI has the exclusive right, power and authority to manage, control, administer and operate the business and affairs and to make decisions regarding the undertaking and business of Partnership in accordance with the partnership agreement of Partnership (“partnership agreement”) and applicable laws.

All references to “$” or “dollars” are to the currency of the United States unless otherwise indicated. All references to “Canadian dollars” or “C$” are to the currency of Canada unless otherwise indicated.

COVID-19

The global crisis resulting from the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on our global restaurant operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020, which is expected to continue with the timing of recovery uncertain. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, many TH, BK and PLK restaurants were temporarily closed in certain countries and many of the restaurants that remained open had limited operations, such as Drive-thru, Takeout and Delivery (where applicable). This has continued into the second quarter of 2020.

We cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, however, we expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our results of operations for the three months ending June 30, 2020 more significantly than during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Ongoing material adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our franchisees for an extended period could negatively affect our operating results, including reductions in revenue and cash flow and could impact our impairment assessments of accounts receivable, intangible assets, long-lived assets or goodwill.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the “Financial Statements”) in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Therefore, the Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February ~~22, 2019.~~21, 2020.

The Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. All material intercompany balances and

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transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in other affiliates that are owned 50% or less where we have significant influence are accounted for by the equity method.

We also consider for consolidation entities in which we have certain interests, where the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that possesses the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that are significant to it. Our maximum exposure to loss resulting from involvement with VIEs is attributable to accounts and notes receivable balances, outstanding loan guarantees and future lease payments, where applicable.

As our franchise and master franchise arrangements provide the franchise and master franchise entities the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, we do not consider ourselves the primary beneficiary of any such entity that might be a VIE.

Tim Hortons has historically entered into certain arrangements in which an operator acquires the right to operate a restaurant, but Tim Hortons owns the restaurant’s assets. We perform an analysis to determine if the legal entity in which operations are conducted is a VIE and consolidate a VIE entity if we also determine Tim Hortons is the entity’s primary beneficiary (“Restaurant VIEs”). As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of 1831 and 1735 Restaurant VIEs, respectively, and accordingly, have consolidated the results of operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows of these Restaurant VIEs in our Financial Statements. Material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the Financial Statements. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and related rules and regulations of the SEC requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying Financial Statements and notes to the Financial Statements have been reclassified in order to be comparable with the current year classifications. These consist of the reclassification of $2 million from changes in Other long-term assets and liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to Tenant inducements paid to franchisees. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income.

Note 3. New Accounting Pronouncements

~~Lease Accounting~~Credit Losses – In ~~February~~June 2016, the Financial Accounting ~~Standard~~Standards Board ~~(the “FASB”~~("FASB") issued ~~new~~ guidance onthat requires companies to measure and recognize lifetime expected credit losses for certain financial instruments, including trade accounts receivable and net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases. ~~We adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2019. See Note 4,~~ ~~Leases, for further~~Expected credit losses are estimated using relevant information about ~~our transition to this new lease accounting standard.~~

~~Goodwill Impairment~~ ~~– In January 2017,~~past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the ~~FASB issued guidance to simplify how an entity measures goodwill impairment by removing the second step~~collectability of the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. An entity will no longer be required to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment will be measured at the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of a reporting unit; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Thereported amount. This amendment ~~requires prospective adoption and is~~was effective commencing in 2020, ~~with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this new guidance will not have~~using a ~~material impact on our Financial Statements.~~

~~Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects~~ – In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings for the tax effects of certain items within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amendment is effective commencing in 2019 with early adoption permitted.modified retrospective approach. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our Financial Statements.

~~Share-based payment arrangements with nonemployees~~ Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes – In ~~June 2018,~~December 2019, the FASB issued guidance which simplifies the accounting for ~~share-based payments granted~~income taxes by removing certain exceptions and by clarifying and amending existing guidance applicable to ~~nonemployees~~accounting for ~~goods and services. Most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees.~~ income taxes. The amendment is effective commencing in ~~2019~~2021 with early adoption permitted. ~~The~~We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this new guidance ~~did not~~will have ~~a material impact~~ on our Financial Statements.

Accounting Relief for the Transition Away from LIBOR and Certain other Reference Rates – In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. This amendment is effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by this new guidance do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationships. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this new guidance will have on our Financial Statements.

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Note 4. Leases

~~As of~~During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we ~~leased or subleased 5,339 restaurant properties to~~initiated a rent relief program for eligible TH franchisees in Canada who lease property from us (the “TH rent relief program”) and ~~155 non-restaurant properties to third parties under operating leases~~also initiated a rent relief program effective April 1, 2020 for eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and ~~direct financing leases where~~Canada who lease property from us (the "BK rent relief program" and together with the TH rent relief program, the “rent relief programs”). Under the rent relief programs, we ~~are~~temporarily converted the ~~lessor. Initial lease terms generally range~~rent structure from ~~10 to 20 years. Most leases to franchisees provide for~~a combination of fixed ~~monthly payments and many provide for future rent escalations and renewal options. Certain leases also include provisions for~~plus variable rent ~~determined as~~to 100% variable rent. While in effect, these programs will result in a ~~percentage~~reduction in our property revenues.

In April 2020, the FASB staff issued interpretive guidance that indicated it would be acceptable for entities to make an election to account for lease concessions related to the effects of ~~sales, generally when annual sales exceed specified levels. Lessees typically bear~~ the ~~cost of maintenance, insurance and property taxes.~~

We lease land, buildings, equipment, office space and warehouse space. Land and building leases generally have an initial term of 10 to 30 years, while land-only lease terms can extend longer, and most leases provideCOVID-19 pandemic consistent with how those concessions would be accounted for fixed monthly payments. Many of these leases provide for future rent escalations and renewal options. Certain leases also include provisions for variable rent payments, determined as a percentage of sales, generally when annual sales exceed specified levels. Most leases also obligate us to pay the cost of maintenance, insurance and property taxes.

~~We transitioned to FASB~~under Accounting Standards Codification ~~(“ASC”)~~ Topic 842, Leases (“ ("ASC ~~842”~~842"), ~~from ASC Topic 840,~~ ~~Leases~~ (the “Previous Standard”) on January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis using the effective date transition method. Our Financial Statements reflect the application of ASC 842 guidance beginning in 2019, while our consolidated financial statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of the Previous Standard. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for theas though enforceable rights and obligations ~~created by finance~~for those concessions existed (regardless of whether those enforceable rights and ~~operating leases with~~obligations for the concessions explicitly exist in the contract). Consequently, for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, an entity will not have to analyze each contract to determine whether enforceable rights and obligations for concessions exist in the contract and can elect to apply or not apply the lease ~~terms of more than 12 months, amends various other aspects of accounting for leases by lessees and lessors, and requires enhanced disclosures. Our transition to~~modification guidance in ASC 842 ~~resulted~~to those contracts. This election is available for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that do not result in a substantial increase in the ~~gross presentation~~rights of property tax and maintenance expenses and related lessee reimbursements as franchise and property expenses and franchise and property revenues, respectively. These expenses and reimbursements were presented on a net basis under the Previous Standard.

In connection with our transition to ASC 842, we elected the package of practical expedients under which we did not reassess the classification of our existing leases, reevaluate whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases or reassess initial direct costs under the new guidance. We also elected lessee and lessor practical expedients to not separate non-lease components comprised of maintenance from lease components for real estate leases that commenced prior to our transition to ASC 842, as well as for leases that commence or that are modified subsequent to our transition to ASC 842. We did not elect the practical expedient that permitted a reassessment of lease terms for existing leases.

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~~Financial Statement Impact of Transition to ASC 842~~

~~Transition Impact on January 1, 2019 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet~~

Our transition to ASC 842 represents a change in accounting principle. The $21 million cumulative effect of our transition to ASC 842 is reflected as an adjustment to January 1, 2019 Partners' capital.

~~Our transition to ASC 842 resulted in the following adjustments to our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 (in millions):~~

As Reported Total Adjusted
December 31, 2018 Adjustments January 1, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 913
$ —
$ 913
Accounts and notes receivable, net 452
—
452
Inventories, net 75
—
75
Prepaids and other current assets 60
—
60
Total current assets 1,500
—
1,500
Property and equipment, net 1,996
26
(a) 2,022
Operating lease assets —
1,143
(b) 1,143
Intangible assets, net 10,463
(133 ) (c) 10,330
Goodwill 5,486
—
5,486
Net investment in property leased to franchisees 54
—
54
Other assets, net 642
—
642
Total assets $ 20,141
$ 1,036
$ 21,177
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts and drafts payable $ 513
$ —
$ 513
Other accrued liabilities 637
114
(e) 751
Gift card liability 167
—
167
Current portion of long term debt and finance leases 91
—
91
Total current liabilities 1,408
114
1,522
Term debt, net of current portion 11,823
(65 ) (f) 11,758
Finance leases, net of current portion 226
62
(f) 288
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion —
1,028
(g) 1,028
Other liabilities, net 1,547
(132 ) (d) 1,415
Deferred income taxes, net 1,519
8
(h) 1,527
Total liabilities 16,523
1,015
17,538
Partners' capital:
Class A common units 4,323
12
(i) 4,335
Partnership exchangeable units 730
9
(i) 739
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,437 ) —
(1,437 )
Total Partners' capital 3,616
21
3,637
Noncontrolling interests 2
—
2
Total equity 3,618
21
3,639
Total liabilities and equity $ 20,141
$ 1,036
$ 21,177


~~(a)~~	~~Represents the net change in assets recorded in connection with build-to-suit leases.~~


~~(b)~~	Represents the capitalization of operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets equal to the amount of recognized operating lease liability, adjusted by the net carrying amounts of related favorable lease assets and unfavorable lease liabilities in which we are the lessee and straight-line rent accruals, which were reclassified to operating lease ROU assets.

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~~(c)~~	~~Represents the net carrying amount of favorable lease assets associated with leases in which we are the lessee, which have been reclassified to operating lease ROU assets.~~


~~(d)~~	Represents the net carrying amount of unfavorable lease liabilities associated with leases in which we are the lessee and $64 million of straight-line rent accruals which have been reclassified to operating lease ROU assets.


~~(e)~~	~~Represents the current portion of operating lease liabilities.~~


~~(f)~~	~~Represents the net change in liabilities recorded in connection with build-to-suit leases.~~


~~(g)~~	~~Represents the recognition of operating lease liabilities, net of current portion.~~


~~(h)~~	~~Represents the net tax effects of the adjustments noted above, with a corresponding adjustment to Partners' capital.~~


~~(i)~~	~~Represents net change in assets and liabilities recorded in connection with built-to-suit leases and the tax effects of adjustments noted above.~~

~~Changes to Lease Accounting Significant Accounting Policies Under ASC 842~~

~~In all leases, whether we are~~ the lessor or ~~lessee, we define lease term as~~ the ~~noncancellable term~~obligations of the ~~lease plus any renewals covered by renewal options that are reasonably certain of exercise based on our assessment of the economic factors relevant~~lessee.

We have elected to apply this interpretive guidance to the ~~lessee. The noncancellable term of the lease commences on the date the lessor makes the underlying property~~rent relief programs, and have assumed that enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions exist in the lease ~~available to~~contract. As such, starting on the ~~lessee, irrespective of when lease payments begin under~~effective dates indicated above, we began recognizing reductions in rents arising from the ~~contract.~~

~~Lessor Accounting~~

~~We recognize lease payments for operating leases~~rent relief programs as ~~property revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term and property revenue is presented net of any related sales tax. Lease incentive payments we make to lessees are amortized as a reduction~~reductions in~~property revenueover the lease term. We account for reimbursements of maintenance and property tax costs paid to us by lessees as~~ variable lease ~~payment property revenue.~~

~~We also have net investments~~payments. This election will continue while our rent relief program is in properties leased to franchisees, which met the criteria of direct financing leases under the Previous Standard. Investments in direct financing leases are recorded on a net basis, consisting of the gross investment and estimated residual value in the lease, less unearned income. Unearned income on direct financing leases is recognized over the lease term yielding a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease. We do not remeasure the net investment in a direct financing lease unless the lease is modified and that modification is not accounted for as a separate contract.effect.

~~We recognize variable lease payment income for operating and direct financing leases in the period when changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable lease payments are based occur.~~

~~Lessee Accounting~~

In leases where we are the lessee, we recognize a ROU asset and lease liability at lease commencement, which is measured by discounting lease payments using our incremental borrowing rate applicable to the lease term and currency of the lease as the discount rate. Subsequent amortization of the ROU asset and accretion of the lease liability for an operating lease is recognized as a single lease cost, on a straight-line basis, over the lease term. A finance lease ROU asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the useful life of the leased asset or lease term. Interest on each finance lease liability is determined as the amount that results in a constant periodic discount rate on the remaining balance of the liability. ROU assets are assessed for impairment in accordance with our long-lived asset impairment policy. We reassess lease classification and remeasure ROU assets and lease liabilities when a lease is modified and that modification is not accounted for as a separate contract or upon certain other events that require reassessment in accordance with ASC 842. Maintenance and property tax expenses are accounted for on an accrual basis as variable lease cost.

~~We recognize variable lease cost for operating and finance leases in the period when changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable lease payments are based occur.~~

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~~Partnership as Lessor~~

~~Assets leased to franchisees and others under operating leases where we are the lessor and which are included within our property and equipment, net are as follows (in millions):~~

As of
March 31, 2019
Land $ 912
Buildings and improvements 1,127
Restaurant equipment 18
2,057
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (415 )
Property and equipment leased, net $ 1,642

~~Our net investment in direct financing leases is as follows (in millions):~~

As of
March 31, 2019
Future rents to be received:
Future minimum lease receipts $ 57
Contingent rents (a) 25
Estimated unguaranteed residual value 16
Unearned income (32 )
66
Current portion included within accounts receivables (16 )
Net investment in property leased to franchisees $ 50


~~(a)~~	~~Amounts represent estimated contingent rents recorded in connection with the acquisition method of accounting.~~

Property revenues are comprised primarily of lease income from operating leases and earned income on direct financing leases with franchisees as follows (in millions):



	Three months ended March 31, 2020		Three months ended March 31, 2019
Lease income - operating leases
Minimum lease payments	$	112	$	111
Variable lease payments	63		84
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable income lease contracts, net	2		2
Subtotal - lease income from operating leases	177		197
Earned income on direct financing leases	1		2
Total property revenues	$	178	$	199

Three months ended March 31, 2019
Lease income - operating leases
Minimum lease payments $ 111
Variable lease payments 84
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable income lease contracts, net 2
Subtotal - lease income from operating leases 197
Earned income on direct financing leases 2
Total property revenues $ 199

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~~Partnership as Lessee~~

~~Lease cost and other information associated with these lease commitments is as follows (in millions):~~

~~Lease Cost (Income)~~

Three months ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost $ 53
Operating lease variable lease cost 50
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets 7
Interest on lease liabilities 5
Sublease income (155 )
Total lease cost (income) $ (40 )

~~Lease Term and Discount Rate~~



~~Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years):~~
~~Operating leases~~	~~11.3 years~~
~~Finance leases~~	~~11.2 years~~
~~Weighted-average discount rate:~~
~~Operating leases~~	~~7.6~~	%
~~Finance leases~~	~~6.6~~	%

~~Other Information~~

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 47
Operating cash flows from finance leases $ 5
Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 7
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease obligations $ 1
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations $ 30

~~Maturity Analysis~~

~~As of March 31, 2019, future minimum lease receipts and commitments are as follows (in millions):~~

Lease Receipts Lease Commitments (a)
Direct
Financing
Leases Operating
Leases Finance
Leases Operating
Leases
Remainder of 2019 $ 11
$ 314
$ 35
$ 143
2020 10
396
45
183
2021 7
371
43
171
2022 5
346
42
158
2023 5
324
39
144
Thereafter 19
1,821
264
909
Total minimum receipts / payments $ 57
$ 3,572
468
1,708
Less amount representing interest (b) (155 ) (543 )
Present value of minimum lease payments 313
1,165
Current portion of lease obligations (26 ) (119 )
Long-term portion of lease obligations $ 287
$ 1,046


~~(a)~~	~~Minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $2,332 million due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.~~


~~(b)~~	~~Calculated using the interest rate for each lease.~~

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~~As of December 31, 2018, future minimum lease receipts and commitments are as follows (in millions):~~

Lease Receipts Lease Commitments (a)
Direct
Financing
Leases Operating
Leases Finance
Leases Operating
Leases
2019 $ 14
$ 416
$ 38
$ 183
2020 10
388
36
172
2021 7
360
34
158
2022 5
331
33
145
2023 5
306
30
130
Thereafter 19
1,704
201
831
Total minimum receipts / payments $ 60
$ 3,505
372
$ 1,619
Less amount representing interest (125 )
Present value of minimum finance lease payments 247

Current portion of finance lease obligation (21 )
Long-term portion of finance lease obligation $ 226


~~(a)~~	~~Minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $2,290 million due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.~~

Note 5. Revenue Recognition

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial and renewal franchise fees paid by franchisees, as well as upfront fees paid by master franchisees, which are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying agreement. We may recognize unamortized upfront fees when a contract with a franchisee or master franchisee is modified and is accounted for as a termination of the existing contract. We classify these contract liabilities as Other liabilities, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table reflects the change in contract liabilities between December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and March 31, ~~2019~~2020 (in millions):



Contract Liabilities	TH			BK			PLK			Consolidated
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	64		$	449		$	28		$	541
Recognized during period and included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year	(2		)	(30		)	(1		)	(33		)
Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	2			6			3			11
Impact of foreign currency translation	(3		)	(4		)	—			(7		)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	61		$	421		$	30		$	512

Contract Liabilities TH BK PLK Consolidated
Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 62
$ 405
$ 19
$ 486
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year (2 ) (9 ) —
(11 )
Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period 2
5
1
8
Impact of foreign currency translation 1
(4 ) —
(3 )
Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 63
$ 397
$ 20
$ 480

The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 (in millions):



Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in	TH		BK		PLK		Consolidated
Remainder of 2020	$	6	$	26	$	2	$	34
2021	8		33		2		43
2022	7		32		2		41
2023	7		31		2		40
2024	6		30		2		38
Thereafter	27		269		20		316
Total	$	61	$	421	$	30	$	512

Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in TH BK PLK Consolidated
Remainder of 2019 $ 6
$ 22
$ 1
$ 29
2020 7
28
2
37
2021 7
28
1
36
2022 7
27
1
35
2023 6
27
1
34
Thereafter 30
265
14
309
Total $ 63
$ 397
$ 20
$ 480

~~Table of Contents~~

Disaggregation of Total Revenues

Total revenues consist of the following (in millions):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Sales	$	503	$	522
Royalties	526		528
Property revenues	178		199
Franchise fees and other revenue	18		17
Total revenues	$	1,225	$	1,266

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Sales $ 522
$ 548
Royalties 528
510
Property revenues 199
178
Franchise fees and other revenue 17
18
Total revenues $ 1,266
$ 1,254

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Note 6. Earnings per Unit

Partnership uses the two-class method in the computation of earnings per unit. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, RBI, as the holder of the Class A common units, is entitled to receive distributions from Partnership in an amount equal to the aggregate dividends payable by RBI to holders of RBI common shares, and the holders of Class B exchangeable limited partnership units (the “Partnership exchangeable units”) are entitled to receive distributions from Partnership in an amount per unit equal to the dividends payable by RBI on each RBI common share. Partnership’s net income available to common unitholders is allocated between the Class A common units and Partnership exchangeable units on a fully-distributed basis and reflects residual net income after noncontrolling interests and Partnership preferred unit distributions. Basic and diluted earnings per Class A common unit is determined by dividing net income allocated to Class A common unit holders by the weighted average number of Class A common units outstanding for the period. Basic and diluted earnings per Partnership exchangeable unit is determined by dividing net income allocated to the Partnership exchangeable units by the weighted average number of Partnership exchangeable units outstanding during the period.

There are no dilutive securities for Partnership as RBI equity awards will not affect the number of Class A common units or Partnership exchangeable units outstanding. However, the issuance of shares by RBI in future periods will affect the allocation of net income attributable to common unitholders between Partnership’s Class A common units and Partnership exchangeable units.

The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per unit calculations (in millions, except per unit amounts):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Allocation of net income among partner interests:
Net income allocated to Class A common unitholders	$	144	$	135
Net income allocated to Partnership exchangeable unitholders	80		111
Net income attributable to common unitholders	$	224	$	246

Denominator - basic and diluted partnership units:
Weighted average Class A common units	202		202
Weighted average Partnership exchangeable units	165		208

Earnings per unit - basic and diluted:
Class A common units (a)	$	0.71	$	0.67
Partnership exchangeable units (a)	$	0.48	$	0.53

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Allocation of net income among partner interests:
Net income allocated to Class A common unitholders $ 135
$ 148
Net income allocated to Partnership exchangeable unitholders 111
131
Net income attributable to common unitholders $ 246
$ 279

Denominator - basic and diluted partnership units:
Weighted average Class A common units 202
202
Weighted average Partnership exchangeable units 208
218

Earnings per unit - basic and diluted:
Class A common units (a) $ 0.67
$ 0.73
Partnership exchangeable units (a) $ 0.53
$ 0.60

(a) Earnings per unit may not recalculate exactly as it is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

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Note 7. Intangible Assets, net and Goodwill

Intangible assets, net and goodwill consist of the following (in millions):



	As of
	March 31, 2020							December 31, 2019
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Identifiable assets subject to amortization:
Franchise agreements	$	706	$	(230	)	$	476	$	720	$	(225	)	$	495
Favorable leases	119		(62		)	57		127		(65		)	62
Subtotal	825		(292		)	533		847		(290		)	557
Indefinite lived intangible assets:
Tim Hortons brand	$	6,090	$	—		$	6,090	$	6,534	$	—		$	6,534
Burger King brand	2,107		—			2,107		2,117		—			2,117
Popeyes brand	1,355		—			1,355		1,355		—			1,355
Subtotal	9,552		—			9,552		10,006		—			10,006
Intangible assets, net						$	10,085						$	10,563

Goodwill
Tim Hortons segment	$	3,935						$	4,207
Burger King segment	595							598
Popeyes segment	846							846
Total	$	5,376						$	5,651

As of
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Gross Accumulated Amortization Net Gross Accumulated Amortization Net
Identifiable assets subject to amortization:
   Franchise agreements $ 706
$ (200 ) $ 506
$ 705
$ (194 ) $ 511
   Favorable leases (a) 133
(62 ) 71
407
(200 ) 207
      Subtotal 839
(262 ) 577
1,112
(394 ) 718
Indefinite lived intangible assets:
   Tim Hortons brand
$ 6,378
$ —
$ 6,378
$ 6,259
$ —
$ 6,259
   Burger King brand
2,117
—
2,117
2,131
—
2,131
   Popeyes brand
1,355
—
1,355
1,355
—
1,355
      Subtotal 9,850
—
9,850
9,745
—
9,745
Intangible assets, net $ 10,427
$ 10,463

Goodwill
   Tim Hortons segment $ 4,111
$ 4,038

   Burger King segment 598
602

   Popeyes segment 846
846

      Total $ 5,555
$ 5,486


~~(a)~~	The decrease in favorable leases reflects the reclassification of favorable leases where we are the lessee to operating lease right-of-use assets in connection with our transition to ASC 842. See Note 4, ~~Leases~~.

Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $11 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~$18 million for the same period in the prior year.~~2019. The change in the brands and goodwill balances during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 was due to the impact of foreign currency translation.

~~Table of Contents~~

Note 8. Equity Method Investments

The aggregate carrying amount of our equity method investments was ~~$256~~$234 million and ~~$259~~$266 million as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, and is included as a component of Other assets, net in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. TH and BK both have equity method investments. PLK does not have any equity method investments.

With respect to our TH business, the most significant equity method investment is our 50% joint venture interest with The Wendy’s Company (the “TIMWEN Partnership”), which jointly holds real estate underlying Canadian combination restaurants. Distributions received from this joint venture were $2 million ~~and $3 million~~ during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018, respectively.~~2019.

The aggregate market value of our ~~20.5%~~15.4% equity interest in Carrols Restaurant Group, Inc. (“Carrols”) based on the quoted market price on March 31, ~~2019~~2020 was approximately ~~$94~~$17 million. The aggregate market value of our ~~10.1%~~9.8% equity interest in BK Brasil Operação e Assessoria a Restaurantes S.A. based on the quoted market price on March 31, ~~2019~~2020 was approximately ~~$127~~$39 million. We have evaluated recent declines in the market value of these equity method investments as a result of COVID-19 and we concluded these declines are not other than temporary and as such 0 impairments have been recognized at March 31, 2020. No quoted market prices are available for our other equity method investments.

We have equity interests in entities that own or franchise Tim Hortons or Burger King restaurants. Franchise and property revenues recognized from franchisees that are owned or franchised by entities in which we have an equity interest consist of the following (in millions):

Table of Contents

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Revenues from affiliates:
Royalties $ 78
$ 68
Property revenues 8
9
Franchise fees and other revenue 3
2
Total $ 89
$ 79



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenues from affiliates:
Royalties	$	73	$	78
Property revenues	8		8
Franchise fees and other revenue	3		3
Total	$	84	$	89

We recognized $4 ~~million and $5~~ million of rent expense associated with the TIMWEN Partnership during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018, respectively.~~2019.

At March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~$33~~$42 million and ~~$41~~$47 million, respectively, of accounts receivable, net from our equity method investments which were recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(Income) loss from equity method investments reflects our share of investee net income or loss, non-cash dilution gains or losses from changes in our ownership interests in equity method investees and basis difference amortization. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 we did not record a non-cash dilution gain. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 we recorded an increase to the carrying value of our equity method investment balance and a non-cash dilution gain of $20 million on the initial public offering by one of our equity method investees.

~~Table of Contents~~

Note 9. Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities, net

Other accrued liabilities (current) and other liabilities, net (noncurrent) consist of the following (in millions):



	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current:
Dividend payable	$	242	$	232
Interest payable	93		71
Accrued compensation and benefits	36		57
Taxes payable	147		126
Deferred income	28		35
Accrued advertising expenses	47		40
Restructuring and other provisions	8		8
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	120		126
Other	58		95
Other accrued liabilities	$	779	$	790
Noncurrent:
Taxes payable	$	575	$	579
Contract liabilities	512		541
Derivatives liabilities	461		341
Unfavorable leases	91		103
Accrued pension	64		65
Deferred income	30		25
Other	41		44
Other liabilities, net	$	1,774	$	1,698

As of
March 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
Current:
Dividend payable $ 231
$ 207
Interest payable 92
87
Accrued compensation and benefits 41
69
Taxes payable 66
113
Deferred income 37
27
Accrued advertising expenses 11
30
Restructuring and other provisions 9
11
Current portion of operating lease liabilities (a) 119
—
Other 83
93
Other accrued liabilities $ 689
$ 637
Noncurrent:
Taxes payable $ 512
$ 493
Contract liabilities, net 480
486
Unfavorable leases (b) 118
192
Derivatives liabilities 278
179
Accrued pension 64
64
Accrued lease straight-lining liability (b) —
69
Deferred income 32
22
Other 47
42
Other liabilities, net $ 1,531
$ 1,547


~~(a)~~	~~Represents the current portion of operating lease liabilities recognized in connection with our transition to ASC 842. See Note 4,~~ ~~Leases~~.


~~(b)~~	The decrease in unfavorable leases and accrued lease straight-lining liability reflects the reclassification of unfavorable leases and lease straight-lining liability where we are the lessee in the underlying operating lease to the right-of-use assets recorded for the underlying lease in connection with our transition to ASC 842. See Note 4, ~~Leases~~.

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Note 10. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):



	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Term Loan B (due November 19, 2026)	$	5,337		$	5,350
Term Loan A (due October 7, 2024)	745			750
Revolving Credit Facility (due October 7, 2024)	995			—
2017 4.25% Senior Notes (due May 15, 2024)	1,500			1,500
2019 3.875% Senior Notes (due January 15, 2028)	750			750
2017 5.00% Senior Notes (due October 15, 2025)	2,800			2,800
2019 4.375% Senior Notes (due January 15, 2028)	750			750
TH Facility and other	163			81
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs and deferred issue discount	(142		)	(148		)
Total debt, net	12,898			11,833
Less: current maturities of debt	(76		)	(74		)
Total long-term debt	$	12,822		$	11,759

Credit Facilities

As of
March 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
Term Loan Facility (due February 17, 2024) $ 6,322
$ 6,338
2017 4.25% Senior Notes (due May 15, 2024) 1,500
1,500
2015 4.625% Senior Notes (due January 15, 2022) 1,250
1,250
2017 5.00% Senior Notes (due October 15, 2025) 2,800
2,800
Other (a) 81
150
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs and deferred issue discount (138 ) (145 )
Total debt, net 11,815
11,893
Less: current maturities of debt (68 ) (70 )
Total long-term debt $ 11,747
$ 11,823


~~(a)~~	The decrease in Other reflects the de-recognition of obligations associated with build-to-suit leases recorded under the Previous Standard. Liabilities associated with build-to-suit leases were remeasured and recorded as finance lease liabilities in conjunction with our transition to ASC 842.

~~Revolving Credit Facility~~

~~As of~~During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we ~~had no amounts outstanding under~~drew $995 million on our senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). and, as of March 31, 2020, we had $995 million outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility with an interest rate of 2.05%, $2 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and our borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility was $3 million. Funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used to repay other debt, finance debt or RBI share repurchases, fund acquisitions or capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes. We have a $125 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the Revolving Credit Facility, which reduces our borrowing availability thereunder by the cumulative amount of outstanding letters of credit. As

On April 2, 2020, two of ~~March 31, 2019, we had $2 million of letters of~~our subsidiaries (the "Borrowers") entered into a fifth amendment (the "Fifth Amendment") to the credit ~~issued against the~~agreement (the "Credit Agreement") governing our senior secured term loan facilities (the "Term Loan Facilities") and Revolving Credit ~~Facility,~~Facility. The Fifth Amendment provides the Borrowers with the option to comply with a $1,000 million minimum liquidity covenant in lieu of the 6.50:1.00 net first lien senior secured leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant for the period after June 30, 2020 and ~~our borrowing availability was $498 million.~~prior to September 30, 2021. There were no other material changes to the terms of the Credit Agreement.

TH Facility

~~During 2018, one~~One of our subsidiaries entered into a non-revolving delayed drawdown term credit facility in a total aggregate principal amount of C$~~100~~225 million with a maturity date of October 4, 2025 (the “TH Facility”). The interest rate applicable to the TH Facility is the Canadian Bankers’ Acceptance rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.40% or the Prime Rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.40%, at our option. Obligations under the TH Facility are guaranteed by three of our subsidiaries, and amounts borrowed under the TH Facility are ~~and will be~~ secured by certain parcels of real estate. AsDuring the three months ended March 31, 2020, we drew down the remaining availability of C$125 million under the TH Facility and, as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~drawn down the entire~~outstanding C$~~100~~225 million ~~available~~ under the TH Facility with a weighted average interest rate of ~~3.37%~~3.06%.

2020 Senior Notes

On April 7, 2020, the Borrowers entered into an indenture (the "2020 5.75% Senior Notes Indenture") in connection with the issuance of $500 million of 5.75% first lien notes due April 15, 2025 (the "2020 5.75% Senior Notes"). NaN principal payments are due until maturity and interest is paid semi-annually. The net proceeds from the offering of the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes will be used for general corporate purposes.

Obligations under the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis, jointly and severally, by the Borrowers and substantially all of the Borrowers' Canadian and U.S. subsidiaries, including The TDL Group Corp., Burger King Worldwide, Inc., Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, Inc. and substantially all of their respective Canadian and U.S. subsidiaries (the "Note Guarantors"). The 2020 5.75% Senior Notes are first lien senior secured obligations and rank equal in right of

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payment with all of the existing and future first lien senior debt of the Borrowers and Note Guarantors, including borrowings and guarantees of the Credit Facilities.

Our 2020 5.75% Senior Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part, on or after April 15, 2022 at the redemption prices set forth in the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, at the date of redemption. The 2020 5.75% Senior Notes Indenture also contains optional redemption provisions related to tender offers, change of control and equity offerings, among others.

Restrictions and Covenants

As of March 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under the Credit Facilities, the TH Facility, and the indentures governing our Senior Notes.

Fair Value Measurement

The following table presents the fair value of our variable rate term debt and senior notes, estimated using inputs based on bid and offer prices that are Level 2 inputs, and principal carrying amount (in ~~billions)~~millions):



	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Fair value of our variable term debt and senior notes	$	12,148	$	12,075
Principal carrying amount of our variable term debt and senior notes	12,877		11,900

As of
March 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
Fair value of our variable term debt and senior notes $ 12
$ 11
Principal carrying amount of our variable term debt and senior notes 12
12

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Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net consists of the following (in millions):


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Debt (a)	$	124		$	130		$	113		$	124
Finance lease obligations	5			6			5			5
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount	7			7			6			7
Interest income	(4		)	(3		)	(5		)	(4		)
Interest expense, net	$	132		$	140		$	119		$	132


(a)	Amount includes ~~$18~~$21 million and $4$18 million benefit during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively, ~~from our adoption~~related to the amortization of ~~a new hedge accounting standard~~the Excluded Component as defined in ~~2018.~~Note 13, Derivatives.

Note 11. Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 16.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The effective tax rate during this period reflects the amount and mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions and the impact of internal financing arrangements.

Our effective tax rate was 18.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The effective tax rate for this period was primarily a result of the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions and the impact of internal financing arrangements and stock option exercises.

~~Our effective tax rate was 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The effective tax rate during this period was primarily a result of the mix of income~~ Benefits from ~~multiple tax jurisdictions and the favorable impact from stock option exercises and reserve releases from audit settlements. Specifically, the benefit associated with~~ stock option exercises reduced the effective tax rate by ~~22.7%.~~4.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Note 12. Equity

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, Partnership exchanged ~~141,190~~178,046 Partnership exchangeable units pursuant to exchange notices received. In accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement, Partnership satisfied the exchange notices by exchanging these Partnership exchangeable units for the same number of newly issued RBI common shares. The issuances of shares ~~was~~were accounted for as a capital ~~contribution~~contributions by RBI to Partnership. The exchanges of Partnership exchangeable units were recorded as increases to the Class A common units balance within ~~partner’s~~partners’ capital in our consolidated balance sheet in an amount equal to the market value of the newly issued RBI common shares and a reduction to the Partnership exchangeable units balance within ~~partner’s~~partners’ capital of our consolidated balance sheet in an amount equal to the cash paid by Partnership, if any, and the market value of the newly issued RBI common shares. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, upon the exchange of Partnership exchangeable units, each such Partnership exchangeable unit was cancelled concurrently with the exchange.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table displays the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) (in millions):



	Derivatives		Pensions			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	306	$	(29	)	$	(1,455	)	$	(1,178	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—			(751		)	(751		)
Net change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax	197		—			—			197
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax	11		—			—			11
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	514	$	(29	)	$	(2,206	)	$	(1,721	)

Derivatives Pensions Foreign Currency Translation Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balances at December 31, 2018 $ 454
$ (27 ) $ (1,864 ) $ (1,437 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment —
—
159
159
Net change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax (110 ) —
—
(110 )
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax (1 ) —
—
(1 )
Balances at March 31, 2019 $ 343
$ (27 ) $ (1,705 ) $ (1,389 )

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Note 13. Derivative Instruments

Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes, including derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, derivatives designated as net investment hedges and those utilized as economic hedges. We use derivatives to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Swaps

~~During 2018,~~At March 31, 2020, we ~~entered into a series of~~had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $3,500 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our senior secured term loan ~~facility~~facilities (the "Term Loan ~~Facility"~~Facilities") beginning ~~March 29, 2018~~October 31, 2019 through the ~~expiration~~termination date of November 19, 2026. Additionally, at March 31, 2020, we also had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $500 million to hedge the ~~final swap~~variability in the interest payments on ~~February 17, 2024, resetting each March.~~a portion of our Term Loan Facilities effective September 30, 2019 through the termination date of September 30, 2026. At inception, all of these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges for hedge accounting. The unrealized changes in market value are recorded in AOCI and reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

During ~~2015,~~2019, we ~~entered into a series~~extended the term of our previous $3,500 million receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps to align the maturity date of the new interest rate swaps with ~~a notional value of $2,500 million to hedge~~ the ~~variability in the interest payments on a portion~~new maturity date of our Term Loan ~~Facility beginning May 28, 2015. All~~B. The extension of ~~these~~the term resulted in a de-designation and re-designation of the interest rate swaps ~~were settled on April 26, 2018~~and the swaps continue to be accounted for ~~an insignificant cash receipt. At inception, these interest rate swaps were designated~~ as a cash flow ~~hedges~~hedge for hedge accounting. ~~The~~In connection with the de-designation, we recognized a net unrealized ~~changes in market value were recorded~~loss of $213 million in AOCI and this amount gets reclassified into ~~earnings during~~Interest expense, net as the ~~period in which the hedged~~original forecasted transaction affects earnings. The amount of pre-tax losses in AOCI as of March 31, 2020 that we expect to be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months is $51 million.

During 2015, we settled certain interest rate swaps and recognized a net unrealized loss of $85 million in AOCI at the date of settlement. This amount gets reclassified into Interest expense, net as the original hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The amount of pre-tax losses in AOCI as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 that we expect to be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months is $12 million.

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Cross-Currency Rate Swaps

To protect the value of our investments in our foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we hedge a portion of our net investment in one or more of our foreign subsidiaries by using cross-currency rate swaps. At March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swap contracts between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar and the Euro and U.S. dollar that have been designated as net investment hedges of a portion of our equity in foreign operations in those currencies. The component of the gains and losses on our net investment in these designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates are economically partly offset by movements in the fair value of our cross-currency swap contracts. The fair value of the swaps is calculated each period with changes in fair value reported in AOCI, net of tax. Such amounts will remain in AOCI until the complete or substantially complete liquidation of our investment in the underlying foreign operations.

At March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had outstanding fixed-to-fixed cross-currency rate swaps to partially hedge the net investment in our Canadian subsidiaries. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as net investment hedges. These swaps are contracts to exchange quarterly fixed-rate interest payments we make on the Canadian dollar notional amount of C$6,754 million for quarterly fixed-rate interest payments we receive on the U.S. dollar notional amount of $5,000 million through the maturity date of June 30, 2023.

At March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we ~~also~~ had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps in which we pay quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the Euro notional value of €1,108 million and receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $1,200 million. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as a net investment hedge. During 2018, we extended the term of the swaps from March 31, 2021 to the maturity date of February 17, 2024. The extension of the term resulted in a re-designation of the hedge and the swaps continue to be accounted for as a net investment hedge. Additionally, ~~during 2018~~at March 31, 2020, we ~~entered into~~also had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps in which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $400 million, entered during 2018, and $500 million, entered during 2019, through the maturity date of February 17, 2024. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as a net investment hedge.

The fixed to fixed cross-currency rate swaps hedging Canadian dollar and Euro net investments utilized the forward method of effectiveness assessment prior to March 15, 2018. On March 15, 2018, we ~~dedesignated~~de-designated and subsequently ~~redesignated~~re-designated the outstanding fixed to fixed cross-currency rate swaps to prospectively use the spot method of hedge effectiveness assessment. Additionally, as a result of adopting new hedge accounting guidance during 2018, we elected to exclude the interest component (the “Excluded Component”) from the accounting hedge without affecting net investment hedge accounting and elected to amortize the Excluded Component over the life of the derivative instrument. The amortization of the Excluded Component is recognized in Interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The

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change in fair value that is not related to the Excluded Component is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to earnings when the foreign subsidiaries are sold or substantially liquidated.

Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts

We use foreign exchange derivative instruments to manage the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar purchases and payments, such as coffee purchases made by our Canadian Tim Hortons operations. At March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had outstanding forward currency contracts to manage this risk in which we sell Canadian dollars and buy U.S. dollars with a notional value of ~~$130~~$83 million with maturities to ~~May 2020.~~April 2021. We have designated these instruments as cash flow hedges, and as such, the unrealized changes in market value of effective hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

Credit Risk

By entering into derivative contracts, we are exposed to counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is in an asset position, the counterparty has a liability to us, which creates credit risk for us. We attempt to minimize this risk by selecting counterparties with investment grade credit ratings and regularly monitoring our market position with each counterparty.

Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features

Our derivative instruments do not contain any credit-risk related contingent features.

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Quantitative Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the required quantitative disclosures for our derivative instruments, including their estimated fair values (all estimated using Level 2 inputs) and their location on our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):


	Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)					Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018		2020			2019
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges⁽¹⁾
Interest rate swaps	$	(44	)	$	29	$	(300	)	$	(44	)
Forward-currency contracts	$	(2	)	$	5	$	7		$	(2	)
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Cross-currency rate swaps	$	(102	)	$	11	$	517		$	(102	)


(1)	We did not exclude any components from the cash flow hedge relationships presented in this table.



	Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings	Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020			2019
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	(15	)	$	(1	)
Forward-currency contracts	Cost of sales	$	—		$	2

	Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings	Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
	Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020			2019
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Cross-currency rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	21		$	18

Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps Interest expense, net $ (1 ) $ (6 )
Forward-currency contracts Cost of sales $ 2
$ (2 )

Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
(Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Cross-currency rate swaps Interest expense, net $ 18
$ 4



	Fair Value as of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Balance Sheet Location
Assets:
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate	$	—	$	7	Other assets, net
Foreign currency	$	5	$	—	Prepaids and other current assets
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Foreign currency	377		22		Other assets, net
Total assets at fair value	$	382	$	29

Liabilities:
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate	$	461	$	175	Other liabilities, net
Foreign currency	—		2		Other accrued liabilities
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Foreign currency	—		166		Other liabilities, net
Total liabilities at fair value	$	461	$	343

Fair Value as of
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Balance Sheet Location
Assets:
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Foreign currency $ 3
$ 7
Prepaids and other current assets
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Foreign currency 17
58
Other assets, net
Total assets at fair value $ 20
$ 65

Liabilities:
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate $ 118
$ 72
Other liabilities, net
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Foreign currency 160
107
Other liabilities, net
Total liabilities at fair value $ 278
$ 179

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Note 14. Other Operating Expenses (Income), net

Other operating expenses (income), net consist of the following (in millions):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	$	(2	)	$	3
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange	(8		)	(15		)
Other, net	(6		)	(5		)
Other operating expenses (income), net	$	(16	)	$	(17	)

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings $ 3
$ 2
Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net —
(6 )
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange (15 ) 16
Other, net (5 ) 1
Other operating expenses (income), net $ (17 ) $ 13

Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.

~~Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net primarily reflects accruals and proceeds received in connection with litigation matters.~~

Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange is primarily related to revaluation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities.

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business relating to matters including, but not limited to, disputes with franchisees, suppliers, employees and customers, as well as disputes over our intellectual property.

~~In March 2019, Partnership settled the two~~On October 5, 2018, a class action ~~lawsuits~~complaint was filed against Burger King Worldwide, Inc. (“BKW”) and Burger King Corporation (“BKC”) in the ~~Ontario Superior~~U.S. District Court for the Southern District of ~~Justice~~Florida by Jarvis Arrington, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 18, 2018, a second class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Monique Michel, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 31, 2018, a third class action complaint was filed against BKC and BKW in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Geneva Blanchard and Tiffany Miller, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On November 2, 2018, a fourth class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Sandra Muster, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. These complaints allege that the defendants violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by incorporating an employee no-solicitation and no-hiring clause in the standard form franchise agreement all Burger King franchisees are required to sign. Each plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and damages for himself or herself and other members of the class. On March 24, 2020, the Court granted BKC’s motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and on April 20, 2020 the plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to amend their complaint. On April 27, 2020, BKC filed a motion opposing the motion for leave to amend.

In July 2019, a class action complaint was filed against The TDL Group Corp.~~, a subsidiary~~ (“TDL”) in the Supreme Court of ~~Partnership (“TDL”),~~British Columbia by Samir Latifi, individually and ~~certain~~on behalf of all others similarly situated. The complaint alleges that TDL violated the Canadian Competition Act by incorporating an employee no-solicitation and no-hiring clause in the standard form franchise agreement all Tim Hortons franchisees are required to sign. The plaintiff seeks damages and restitution, on behalf of himself and other ~~defendants, as described in Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2019. Under the terms~~members of the ~~settlement, TDL will contribute C$10 million~~class.

While we currently believe these claims are without merit, we are unable to predict the ~~Tim Hortons Advertising Fund in Canada over two years, such amount to be spent on marketing activities. In addition, TDL will pay C$2 million for legal and administrative expenses. The court approved~~ultimate outcome of these cases or estimate the ~~settlement on April 29, 2019. These amounts were accrued by TDL during 2018.~~range of possible loss, if any.

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Note 16. Segment Reporting

As stated in Note 1, Description of Business and Organization, we manage ~~three~~3 brands. Under the Tim Hortons brand, we operate in the donut/coffee/tea category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Burger King brand, we operate in the fast food hamburger restaurant category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Popeyes brand, we operate in the chicken category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (ii) property revenues from properties we lease or sublease to franchisees; and (iii) sales at restaurants owned by us ("Company restaurants"). In addition, our TH business generates revenue from sales to franchisees related to our supply chain operations, including manufacturing, procurement, warehousing and distribution, as well as sales to retailers. We manage each of our brands as an operating segment and each operating segment represents a reportable segment.

The following tables present revenues, by segment and by country (in millions):


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018		2020		2019
Revenues by operating segment:
TH	$	749	$	763	$	699	$	749
BK	411		390		388		411
PLK	106		101		138		106
Total revenues	$	1,266	$	1,254	$	1,225	$	1,266


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018		2020		2019
Revenues by country (a):
Canada	$	676	$	692	$	632	$	676
United States	444		421		450		444
Other	146		141		143		146
Total revenues	$	1,266	$	1,254	$	1,225	$	1,266


(a)	Only Canada and the United States represented 10% or more of our total revenues in each period presented.

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Our measure of segment income is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, ~~(gain)~~ loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense and (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, as well as other operating expenses (income), net. Other specifically identified costs associated with non-recurring projects are also excluded from Adjusted EBITDA, including ~~fees and expenses associated with the Popeyes Acquisition (“PLK Transaction costs”),~~ Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees related to the interpretation and implementation of comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted by the U.S. government on December 22, 2017, including Treasury regulations issued and proposed between 2018 and 2020, and non-operational Office centralization and relocation costs in connection with the centralization and relocation of our Canadian and U.S. restaurant support centers to new offices in Toronto, Ontario, and Miami, Florida, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of operating performance or the performance of an acquired business. A reconciliation of segment income to net income ~~(loss)~~ consists of the following (in millions):


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Segment income:
TH	$	237		$	245		$	189		$	237
BK	222			214			200			222
PLK	41			39			55			41
Adjusted EBITDA	500			498			444			500
Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense	25			15			21			25
PLK Transaction costs	—			5
Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees	6			7			1			6
Office centralization and relocation costs	4			—			—			4
Impact of equity method investments (a)	1			(10		)	4			1
Other operating expenses (income), net	(17		)	13			(16		)	(17		)
EBITDA	481			468			434			481
Depreciation and amortization	47			47			45			47
Income from operations	434			421			389			434
Interest expense, net	132			140			119			132
Income tax expense	56			2			46			56
Net income	$	246		$	279		$	224		$	246


(a)	Represents (i) (income) loss from equity method investments and (ii) cash distributions received from our equity method investments. Cash distributions received from our equity method investments are included in segment income.

~~Table of Contents~~

Note 17. Supplemental Financial Information

On February 17, 2017, 1011778 B.C. Unlimited Liability Company (the “Parent Issuer”) and New Red Finance Inc. (the “Co-Issuer” and together with the Parent Issuer, the “Issuers”) entered into an amended credit agreement, as amended from time to time, that provides for obligations under the Credit Facilities. On November 19, 2019, the Issuers entered into the 2019 4.375% Senior Notes Indenture with respect to the 2019 4.375% Senior Notes. On September 24, 2019, the Issuers entered into the 2019 3.875% Senior Notes Indenture with respect to the 2019 3.875% Senior Notes. On August 28, 2017, the Issuers entered into the 2017 ~~5.00%~~5.000% Senior Notes Indenture with respect to the 2017 ~~5.00%~~5.000% Senior Notes. On May 17, 2017, the Issuers entered into the 2017 4.25% Senior Notes Indenture with respect to the 2017 ~~4.25% Senior Notes. On May 22, 2015, the Issuers entered into the 2015 4.625% Senior Notes Indenture with respect to the 2015 4.625%~~4.250% Senior Notes.

The agreement governing our Credit Facilities, the ~~2017 5.00%~~2019 4.375% Senior Notes Indenture, the 2019 3.875% Senior Notes Indenture, the 2017 ~~4.25%~~5.000% Senior Notes Indenture, and the ~~2015 4.625%~~2017 4.25% Senior Notes Indenture allow the financial reporting obligation of the Parent Issuer to be satisfied through the reporting of Partnership’s consolidated financial information, provided that the consolidated financial information of the Parent Issuer and its restricted subsidiaries is presented on a standalone basis.

The following represents the condensed consolidating financial information for the Parent Issuer and its restricted subsidiaries (“Consolidated Borrowers”) on a consolidated basis, together with eliminations, as of and for the periods indicated.

Table of Contents

The condensed consolidating financial information of Partnership is combined with the financial information of its wholly-owned subsidiaries that are also parent entities of the Parent Issuer and presented in a single column under the heading “RBILP”. The consolidating financial information may not necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations or cash flows had the Issuers and Partnership operated as independent entities.

~~Table of Contents~~

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020


	Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated			Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	902		$	—		$	—		$	902		$	2,498		$	—		$	—		$	2,498
Accounts and notes receivable, net	441			—			—			441			414			—			—			414
Inventories, net	74			—			—			74			85			—			—			85
Prepaids and other current assets	63			—			—			63			62			—			—			62
Total current assets	1,480			—			—			1,480			3,059			—			—			3,059
Property and equipment, net	2,011			—			—			2,011			1,939			—			—			1,939
Operating lease assets	1,148			—			—			1,148
Operating lease assets, net													1,115			—			—			1,115
Intangible assets, net	10,427			—			—			10,427			10,085			—			—			10,085
Goodwill	5,555			—			—			5,555			5,376			—			—			5,376
Net investment in property leased to franchisees	50			—			—			50			49			—			—			49
Intercompany receivable	—			231			(231		)	—			—			242			(242		)	—
Investment in subsidiaries	—			3,773			(3,773		)	—			—			3,752			(3,752		)	—
Other assets, net	622			—			—			622			1,006			—			—			1,006
Total assets	$	21,293		$	4,004		$	(4,004	)	$	21,293		$	22,629		$	3,994		$	(3,994	)	$	22,629
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts and drafts payable	$	451		$	—		$	—		$	451		$	484		$	—		$	—		$	484
Other accrued liabilities	458			231			—			689			537			242			—			779
Gift card liability	112			—			—			112			106			—			—			106
Current portion of long term debt and finance leases	94			—			—			94
Current portion of long term-debt and finance leases													103			—			—			103
Total current liabilities	1,115			231			—			1,346			1,230			242			—			1,472
Term debt, net of current portion	11,747			—			—			11,747
Long-term debt, net of current portion													12,822			—			—			12,822
Finance leases, net of current portion	287			—			—			287			283			—			—			283
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,046			—			—			1,046			1,039			—			—			1,039
Other liabilities, net	1,531			—			—			1,531			1,774			—			—			1,774
Payables to affiliates	231			—			(231		)	—			242			—			(242		)	—
Deferred income taxes, net	1,563			—			—			1,563			1,487			—			—			1,487
Total liabilities	17,520			231			(231		)	17,520			18,877			242			(242		)	18,877
Partners’ capital:
Class A common units	—			4,423			—			4,423			—			7,840			—			7,840
Partnership exchangeable units	—			737			—			737			—			(2,370		)	—			(2,370		)
Common shares	3,142			—			(3,142		)	—			3,303			—			(3,303		)	—
Retained Earnings	2,018			—			(2,018		)	—			2,167			—			(2,167		)	—
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,389		)	(1,389		)	1,389			(1,389		)	(1,721		)	(1,721		)	1,721			(1,721		)
Total Partners' capital/shareholders' equity	3,771			3,771			(3,771		)	3,771			3,749			3,749			(3,749		)	3,749
Noncontrolling interests	2			2			(2		)	2			3			3			(3		)	3
Total equity	3,773			3,773			(3,773		)	3,773			3,752			3,752			(3,752		)	3,752
Total liabilities and equity	$	21,293		$	4,004		$	(4,004	)	$	21,293		$	22,629		$	3,994		$	(3,994	)	$	22,629

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

As of December 31, ~~2018~~2019


	Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated			Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	913		$	—		$	—		$	913		$	1,533		$	—		$	—		$	1,533
Accounts and notes receivable, net	452			—			—			452			527			—			—			527
Inventories, net	75			—			—			75			84			—			—			84
Prepaids and other current assets	60			—			—			60			52			—			—			52
Total current assets	1,500			—			—			1,500			2,196			—			—			2,196
Property and equipment, net	1,996			—			—			1,996			2,007			—			—			2,007
Operating lease assets. net													1,176			—			—			1,176
Intangible assets, net	10,463			—			—			10,463			10,563			—			—			10,563
Goodwill	5,486			—			—			5,486			5,651			—			—			5,651
Net investment in property leased to franchisees	54			—			—			54			48			—			—			48
Intercompany receivable	—			207			(207		)	—			—			232			(232		)	—
Investment in subsidiaries	—			3,618			(3,618		)	—			—			4,259			(4,259		)	—
Other assets, net	642			—			—			642			719			—			—			719
Total assets	$	20,141		$	3,825		$	(3,825	)	$	20,141		$	22,360		$	4,491		$	(4,491	)	$	22,360
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts and drafts payable	$	513		$	—		$	—		$	513		$	644		$	—		$	—		$	644
Other accrued liabilities	430			207			—			637			558			232			—			790
Gift card liability	167			—			—			167			168			—			—			168
Current portion of long term debt and capital leases	91			—			—			91
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases													101			—			—			101
Total current liabilities	1,201			207			—			1,408			1,471			232			—			1,703
Term debt, net of current portion	11,823			—			—			11,823
Capital leases, net of current portion	226			—			—			226
Long-term debt, net of current portion													11,759			—			—			11,759
Finance leases, net of current portion													288			—			—			288
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion													1,089			—			—			1,089
Other liabilities, net	1,547			—			—			1,547			1,698			—			—			1,698
Payables to affiliates	207			—			(207		)	—			232			—			(232		)	—
Deferred income taxes, net	1,519			—			—			1,519			1,564			—			—			1,564
Total liabilities	16,523			207			(207		)	16,523			18,101			232			(232		)	18,101
Partners’ capital:
Class A common units	—			4,323			—			4,323			—			7,786			—			7,786
Partnership exchangeable units	—			730			—			730			—			(2,353		)	—			(2,353		)
Common shares	3,071			—			(3,071		)	—			3,248			—			(3,248		)	—
Retained Earnings	1,982			—			(1,982		)	—			2,185			—			(2,185		)	—
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,437		)	(1,437		)	1,437			(1,437		)	(1,178		)	(1,178		)	1,178			(1,178		)
Total Partners' capital/shareholders' equity	3,616			3,616			(3,616		)	3,616			4,255			4,255			(4,255		)	4,255
Noncontrolling interests	2			2			(2		)	2			4			4			(4		)	4
Total equity	3,618			3,618			(3,618		)	3,618			4,259			4,259			(4,259		)	4,259
Total liabilities and equity	$	20,141		$	3,825		$	(3,825	)	$	20,141		$	22,360		$	4,491		$	(4,491	)	$	22,360

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020


	Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP		Eliminations			Consolidated			Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated
Revenues:
Sales	$	522		$	—	$	—		$	522		$	503		$	—		$	—		$	503
Franchise and property revenues	744			—		—			744			722			—			—			722
Total revenues	1,266			—		—			1,266			1,225			—			—			1,225
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	406			—		—			406			399			—			—			399
Franchise and property expenses	133			—		—			133			126			—			—			126
Selling, general and administrative expenses	312			—		—			312			325			—			—			325
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(2		)	—		—			(2		)	2			—			—			2
Other operating expenses (income), net	(17		)	—		—			(17		)	(16		)	—			—			(16		)
Total operating costs and expenses	832			—		—			832			836			—			—			836
Income from operations	434			—		—			434			389			—			—			389
Interest expense, net	132			—		—			132			119			—			—			119
Income before income taxes	302			—		—			302			270			—			—			270
Income tax expense	56			—		—			56			46			—			—			46
Net income	246			—		—			246			224			—			—			224
Equity in earnings of consolidated subsidiaries	—			246		(246		)	—			—			224			(224		)	—
Net income (loss)	246			246		(246		)	246			224			224			(224		)	224
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders	$	246		$	246	$	(246	)	$	246		$	224		$	224		$	(224	)	$	224
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	294		$	294	$	(294	)	$	294		$	(319	)	$	(319	)	$	319		$	(319	)

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019


	Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP		Eliminations			Consolidated			Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP		Eliminations			Consolidated
Revenues:
Sales	$	548		$	—	$	—		$	548		$	522		$	—	$	—		$	522
Franchise and property revenues	706			—		—			706			744			—		—			744
Total revenues	1,254			—		—			1,254			1,266			—		—			1,266
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	429			—		—			429			406			—		—			406
Franchise and property expenses	104			—		—			104			133			—		—			133
Selling, general and administrative expenses	301			—		—			301			312			—		—			312
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(14		)	—		—			(14		)	(2		)	—		—			(2		)
Other operating expenses (income), net	13			—		—			13			(17		)	—		—			(17		)
Total operating costs and expenses	833			—		—			833			832			—		—			832
Income from operations	421			—		—			421			434			—		—			434
Interest expense, net	140			—		—			140			132			—		—			132
Income before income taxes	281			—		—			281			302			—		—			302
Income tax expense	2			—		—			2			56			—		—			56
Net income	279			—		—			279			246			—		—			246
Equity in earnings of consolidated subsidiaries	—			279		(279		)	—			—			246		(246		)	—
Net income (loss)	279			279		(279		)	279			246			246		(246		)	246
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders	$	279		$	279	$	(279	)	$	279		$	246		$	246	$	(246	)	$	246
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	96		$	96	$	(96	)	$	96		$	294		$	294	$	(294	)	$	294

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020


	Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated			Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	246		$	246		$	(246	)	$	246		$	224		$	224		$	(224	)	$	224
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities:
Equity in loss (earnings) of consolidated subsidiaries	—			(246		)	246			—			—			(224		)	224			—
Depreciation and amortization	47			—			—			47			45			—			—			45
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount	7			—			—			7			6			—			—			6
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(2		)	—			—			(2		)	2			—			—			2
Loss (gain) on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions	(15		)	—			—			(15		)
(Gain) loss on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions													(8		)	—			—			(8		)
Net (gains) losses on derivatives	(20		)	—			—			(20		)	(6		)	—			—			(6		)
Share-based compensation expense	22			—			—			22			19			—			—			19
Deferred income taxes	38			—			—			38			(31		)	—			—			(31		)
Other	3			—			—			3			(4		)	—			—			(4		)
Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts and notes receivable	14			—			—			14			94			—			—			94
Inventories and prepaids and other current assets	(13		)	—			—			(13		)	(13		)	—			—			(13		)
Accounts and drafts payable	(69		)	—			—			(69		)	(136		)	—			—			(136		)
Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability	(126		)	—			—			(126		)	(67		)	—			—			(67		)
Tenant inducements paid to franchisees													(3		)	—			—			(3		)
Other long-term assets and liabilities	22			—			—			22			14			—			—			14
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	154			—			—			154			136			—			—			136
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for property and equipment	(5		)	—			—			(5		)	(19		)	—			—			(19		)
Proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	4			—			—			4
Net proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings													4			—			—			4
Settlement/sale of derivatives, net	11			—			—			11			12			—			—			12
Other investing activities, net	1			—			—			1
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	11			—			—			11			(3		)	—			—			(3		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving line of credit and long-term debt													1,085			—			—			1,085
Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases	(23		)	—			—			(23		)	(25		)	—			—			(25		)
Distributions on Class A common, preferred and Partnership exchangeable units	—			(207		)	—			(207		)
Distributions on Class A common and Partnership exchangeable units													—			(232		)	—			(232		)
Capital contribution from RBI Inc.	42			—			—			42			30			—			—			30
Distributions from subsidiaries	(207		)	207			—			—			(232		)	232			—			—
(Payments) proceeds from derivatives													(2		)	—			—			(2		)
Other financing activities, net	6			—			—			6			(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(182		)	—			—			(182		)	855			—			—			855
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	6			—			—			6			(23		)	—			—			(23		)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(11		)	—			—			(11		)	965			—			—			965
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	913			—			—			913			1,533			—			—			1,533
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	902		$	—		$	—		$	902		$	2,498		$	—		$	—		$	2,498

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019



	Consolidated Borrowers			RBILP			Eliminations			Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	246		$	246		$	(246	)	$	246
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities:
Equity in loss (earnings) of consolidated subsidiaries	—			(246		)	246			—
Depreciation and amortization	47			—			—			47
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount	7			—			—			7
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(2		)	—			—			(2		)
(Gain) loss on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions	(15		)	—			—			(15		)
Net (gains) losses on derivatives	(20		)	—			—			(20		)
Share-based compensation expense	22			—			—			22
Deferred income taxes	38			—			—			38
Other	3			—			—			3
Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts and notes receivable	14			—			—			14
Inventories and prepaids and other current assets	(13		)	—			—			(13		)
Accounts and drafts payable	(69		)	—			—			(69		)
Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability	(126		)	—			—			(126		)
Other long-term assets and liabilities	22			—			—			22
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	154			—			—			154
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for property and equipment	(5		)	—			—			(5		)
Net proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	4			—			—			4
Settlement/sale of derivatives, net	11			—			—			11
Other investing activities, net	1			—			—			1
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	11			—			—			11
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases	(23		)	—			—			(23		)
Distributions on Class A common and Partnership exchangeable units	—			(207		)	—			(207		)
Capital contribution from RBI Inc.	42			—			—			42
Distributions from subsidiaries	(207		)	207			—			—
(Payments) proceeds from derivatives	5			—			—			5
Other financing activities, net	1			—			—			1
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities	(182		)	—			—			(182		)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	6			—			—			6
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(11		)	—			—			(11		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	913			—			—			913
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	902		$	—		$	—		$	902

Consolidated Borrowers RBILP Eliminations Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 279
$ 279
$ (279 ) $ 279
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities:
Equity in loss (earnings) of consolidated subsidiaries —
(279 ) 279
—
Depreciation and amortization 47
—
—
47
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount 7
—
—
7
(Income) loss from equity method investments (14 ) —
—
(14 )
Loss (gain) on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions 16
—
—
16
Net (gains) losses on derivatives 2
—
—
2
Share-based compensation expense 13
—
—
13
Deferred income taxes (19 ) —
—
(19 )
Other 4
—
—
4
Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts and notes receivable 15
—
—
15
Inventories and prepaids and other current assets (7 ) —
—
(7 )
Accounts and drafts payable (73 ) —
—
(73 )
Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability (374 ) —
—
(374 )
Tenant inducements paid to franchisees (2 ) —
—
(2 )
Other long-term assets and liabilities (36 ) —
—
(36 )
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities (142 ) —
—
(142 )
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for property and equipment (7 ) —
—
(7 )
Proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings 2
—
—
2
Settlement/sale of derivatives, net 3
—
—
3
Other investing activities, net 4
—
—
4
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities 2
—
—
2
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases (22 ) —
—
(22 )
Distributions on Class A common, preferred and Partnership exchangeable units —
(97 ) —
(97 )
Distributions to RBI for payments in connections with redemption of preferred shares —
(34 ) —
(34 )
Capital contribution from RBI Inc. 25
—
—
25
Distributions from subsidiaries (131 ) 131
—
—
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities (128 ) —
—
(128 )
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents (8 ) —
—
(8 )
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (276 ) —
—
(276 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 1,097
—
—
1,097
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 821
$ —
$ —
$ 821

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Note 18. Subsequent Events

Cash Distributions/Dividends

On April 3, ~~2019,~~2020, RBI paid a cash dividend of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per RBI common share to common shareholders of record on March ~~15, 2019.~~16, 2020. Partnership made a distribution to RBI as holder of Class A common units in the amount of the aggregate dividends declared and paid by RBI on RBI common shares and also made a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per exchangeable unit to holders of record on March ~~15, 2019.~~16, 2020.

~~The~~Subsequent to March 31, 2020, the RBI board of directors ~~has~~ declared a cash dividend of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per RBI common share, which will be paid on ~~July 3, 2019~~June 30, 2020 to RBI common shareholders of record on June 17, ~~2019.~~2020. Partnership will make a distribution to RBI as holder of Class A common units in the amount of the aggregate dividends declared and paid by RBI on RBI common shares. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for such distribution will be the same as the record date and payment date for the cash dividend per RBI common share set forth above.

Fifth Amendment to the Credit Agreement and Issuance of 2020 Senior Notes

As discussed in Note 10, Long-Term Debt, on April 2, 2020, the Borrowers entered into the Fifth Amendment to the Credit Agreement and on April 7, 2020, the Borrowers entered into the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes Indenture in connection with the issuance of the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes.

*****

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this report.

The following discussion includes information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, which constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws as described in further detail under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth below. Actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please refer to the risks and further discussion in the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). However, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also contains certain non-GAAP financial measures to assist readers in understanding our performance. Non-GAAP financial measures either exclude or include amounts that are not reflected in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, we have provided the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, a reconciliation to GAAP measures and a discussion of the reasons why management believes this information is useful to it and may be useful to investors.

Operating results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for the fiscal year and our key business measures, as discussed below, may decrease for any future period. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “Partnership”, “we”, “us” or “our” are to Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries, collectively.

Overview

We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant (“QSR”) companies with ~~more than $30~~approximately $34 billion in annual system-wide sales and over ~~25,000~~27,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries and U.S. territories as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Our Tim Hortons®, Burger King®, and Popeyes® brands have similar franchised business models with complementary daypart mixes and product platforms. Our three iconic brands are managed independently while benefiting from global scale and sharing of best practices.

Tim Hortons restaurants are quick service restaurants with a menu that includes premium blend coffee, tea, espresso-based hot and cold specialty drinks, fresh baked goods, including donuts, Timbits®, bagels, muffins, cookies and pastries, grilled paninis, classic sandwiches, wraps, soups, and more. Burger King restaurants are quick service restaurants that feature flame-grilled hamburgers, chicken, and other specialty sandwiches, french fries, soft drinks, and other affordably-priced food items. Popeyes restaurants are quick service restaurants featuring a unique “Louisiana” style menu that includes ~~spicy~~fried chicken, chicken tenders, fried shrimp, and other seafood, red beans and rice, and other regional items.

We have three operating and reportable segments: (1) Tim Hortons (“TH”); (2) Burger King (“BK”); and (3) Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen (“PLK”). Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (ii) property revenues from properties we lease or sublease to franchisees; and (iii) sales at restaurants owned by us (“Company restaurants”). In addition, our ~~Tim Hortons~~TH business generates revenue from sales to franchisees related to our supply chain operations, including manufacturing, procurement, warehousing, and distribution, as well as sales to retailers.

COVID-19

The global crisis resulting from the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on our global restaurant operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020, which is expected to continue with the timing of recovery uncertain. System-wide sales growth, system-wide sales and comparable sales were also negatively impacted for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of the impact of COVID-19. During the first quarter, substantially all TH, BK and PLK restaurants remained open in North America with limited operations, such as Drive-thru, Takeout and Delivery (where applicable) and that currently remains the case. In Latin America and in Asia Pacific, some markets have temporarily closed most restaurants and the restaurants that remain open across the region may have limited operations. However, Asia Pacific markets started temporarily closing restaurants earlier in the quarter and a number of those restaurants have been able to reopen, including in China. In Europe, the Middle East and Africa, several major markets including Italy, Spain, France and the United Kingdom have closed restaurants, and the restaurants that remain open across the region may have limited operations. Recently, in some European markets a small number of restaurants are also beginning to reopen with limited operations.

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Beginning in April 2020, we are providing cash flow support by extending loans to eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and advancing certain cash payments to eligible TH franchisees in Canada. We have also temporarily deferred franchisee capital investment commitments for restaurant renovations and new restaurant development and will consider when to restart these as circumstances unfold. In addition, we have dedicated resources across all three of our brands to work one-on-one with restaurant owners and provide guidance and support to franchisees.

We cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, however, we expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our system-wide sales growth, system-wide sales, comparable sales, results of operations and cash flows for the three months ending June 30, 2020 more significantly than in the first quarter of 2020.

Operating Metrics

We evaluate our restaurants and assess our business based on the following operating metrics:

System-wide sales growth refers to the percentage change in sales at all franchise restaurants and Company restaurants (referred to as system-wide sales) in one period from the same period in the prior year.

Comparable sales refers to the percentage change in restaurant sales in one period from the same prior year period for restaurants that have been open for 13 months or longer for TH and BK and 17 months or longer for PLK. Additionally, if a restaurant is closed for a significant portion of a month, the restaurant is excluded from the monthly comparable sales calculation.

System-wide sales growth and comparable sales are measured on a constant currency basis, which means the results exclude the effect of foreign currency translation (“FX Impact”). For system-wide sales growth and comparable sales, we calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates.

Unless otherwise stated, system-wide sales growth, system-wide sales and comparable sales are presented on a system-wide basis, which means they include franchise restaurants and Company restaurants. System-wide results are driven by our franchise restaurants, as approximately 100% of ~~current~~ system-wide restaurants are franchised. Franchise sales represent sales at all franchise restaurants and are revenues to our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales.

Net restaurant growth ~~reflects~~refers to the ~~percentage change~~net increase in restaurant count (openings, net of permanent closures) over a trailing twelve month period, divided by the restaurant count at the beginning of the trailing twelve month period.

These metrics are important indicators of the overall direction of our business, including trends in sales and the effectiveness of each brand’s marketing, operations and growth initiatives.

Recent Events and Factors Affecting Comparability

~~Transition to New Lease Accounting Standard~~

~~We transitioned to Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842,~~ ~~Leases~~ (“ASC 842”), effective January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis using the effective date transition method. Our consolidated financial statements reflect the application of ASC 842 guidance beginning in 2019, while our consolidated financial statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of a previously applicable accounting standard.

~~The most significant effects of this transition that affect comparability of our results of operations between 2019 and 2018 include the following:~~

Beginning on January 1, 2019, we record lease income and lease cost on a gross basis for lessee reimbursements of costs such as property taxes and maintenance when we are the lessor in the lease. Although there is no net impact to our consolidated statement of operations from this change, the presentation resulted in a total increase of $34 million, of which $21 million is related to our TH segment and $13 million is related to our BK segment, in franchise and property revenues and franchise and property expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, when such amounts were recorded on a net basis.

~~As described in Note 4,~~ ~~Leases~~, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the transition provisions of ASC 842 required the reclassification of favorable lease assets and unfavorable lease liabilities where we are the lessee in the underlying lease to the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset recorded for the underlying lease. As a result of this reclassification, the amortization period for certain favorable lease assets and unfavorable lease liabilities was reduced, resulting in a $2 million net increase in non-cash amortization expense during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. We expect an increase in amortization expense of up to $10 million in 2019 compared to 2018. We also expect the increase in amortization to decline over time, as underlying leases reach the end of their term, and reclassified balances are fully amortized. Favorable lease assets and unfavorable lease liabilities associated with leases where we are the lessor are not impacted by our transition to ASC 842.

~~Please refer to Note 4,~~ ~~Leases, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details of the effects of this change in accounting principle.~~

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~~PLK Transaction Costs~~

On March 27, 2017, we completed the acquisition of Popeyes (the "Popeyes Acquisition"). In connection with the Popeyes Acquisition, we incurred certain non-recurring fees and expenses (“PLK Transaction costs”) totaling $5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 consisting primarily of professional fees and compensation related expenses, all of which are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We did not incur any PLK Transaction costs during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Tax Reform

In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) that significantly ~~revises~~revised the U.S. tax code generally effective January 1, 2018 by, among other changes, lowering the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, limiting deductibility of interest expense and performance based incentive compensation and implementing a modified territorial tax system. As a Canadian entity, we generally would be classified as a foreign entity (and, therefore, a non-U.S. tax resident) under general rules of U.S. federal income taxation. However, we have subsidiaries subject to U.S. federal income taxation and therefore the Tax Act impacted our consolidated results of operations in ~~2018~~2019 and the current period, and is expected to continue to impact our consolidated results of operations in future periods.

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We recorded $6$1 million and $7$6 million of costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses in ~~the~~our condensed consolidated statements of operations, arising primarily from professional advisory and consulting services associated with interpretation, analysis and corporate restructuring initiatives related to recently issued, final and proposed regulations and guidance issued by the ~~interpretation~~U.S. Treasury, the IRS and ~~implementation of~~state tax authorities in their ongoing efforts to interpret and implement the Tax Act and related state and local tax implications (“Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees”) ~~during the three months ended March 31, 2019~~.

In early April 2020, various final and ~~2018, respectively. We expect to continue to incur additional Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees related~~proposed regulations were issued relating to the Tax ~~Act in 2019.~~Act. We are still reviewing these regulations and their potential effect.

Office Centralization and Relocation Costs

In connection with the centralization and relocation of our Canadian and U.S. restaurant support centers to new offices in Toronto, Ontario, and Miami, Florida, respectively, we incurred certain non-operational expenses ("Office centralization and relocation costs") totaling $4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 consisting primarily of moving costs and relocation-driven compensation expenses, which are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses in ~~the~~our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We did not incur any Office centralization and relocation costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and do not expect to ~~continue to~~ incur any additional Office centralization and relocation costs ~~in 2019.~~during 2020.

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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019

Tabular amounts in millions of U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise. Segment income may not calculate exactly due to rounding.


Consolidated	Three Months Ended March 31,						Variance			FX Impact (a)			Variance Excluding FX Impact			Three Months Ended March 31,						Variance			FX Impact (a)			Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2019			2018			Favorable / (Unfavorable)									2020			2019			Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Sales	$	522		$	548		$	(26	)	$	(22	)	$	(4	)	$	503		$	522		$	(19	)	$	(5	)	$	(14	)
Franchise and property revenues	744			706			38			(23		)	61			722			744			(22		)	(9		)	(13		)
Total revenues	1,266			1,254			12			(45		)	57			1,225			1,266			(41		)	(14		)	(27		)
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	406			429			23			17			6			399			406			7			4			3
Franchise and property expenses	133			104			(29		)	3			(32		)	126			133			7			1			6
Selling, general and administrative expenses	312			301			(11		)	5			(16		)	325			312			(13		)	2			(15		)
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(2		)	(14		)	(12		)	(3		)	(9		)	2			(2		)	(4		)	(1		)	(3		)
Other operating expenses (income), net	(17		)	13			30			1			29			(16		)	(17		)	(1		)	(1		)	—
Total operating costs and expenses	832			833			1			23			(22		)	836			832			(4		)	5			(9		)
Income from operations	434			421			13			(22		)	35			389			434			(45		)	(9		)	(36		)
Interest expense, net	132			140			8			—			8			119			132			13			—			13
Income before income taxes	302			281			21			(22		)	43			270			302			(32		)	(9		)	(23		)
Income tax expense	56			2			(54		)	1			(55		)	46			56			10			—			10
Net income	$	246		$	279		$	(33	)	$	(21	)	$	(12	)	$	224		$	246		$	(22	)	$	(9	)	$	(13	)


(a)	We calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates. We analyze these results on a constant currency basis as this helps identify underlying business trends, without distortion from the effects of currency movements.

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TH Segment	Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance			FX Impact (a)			Variance Excluding FX Impact			Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance			FX Impact (a)			Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2019		2018		Favorable / (Unfavorable)									2020		2019		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Sales	$	483	$	508	$	(25	)	$	(22	)	$	(3	)	$	465	$	483	$	(18	)	$	(5	)	$	(13	)
Franchise and property revenues	266		255		11			(11		)	22			234		266		(32		)	(2		)	(30		)
Total revenues	749		763		(14		)	(33		)	19			699		749		(50		)	(7		)	(43		)
Cost of sales	372		396		24			17			7			366		372		6			4			2
Franchise and property expenses	87		70		(17		)	3			(20		)	84		87		3			1			2
Segment SG&A	82		82		—			3			(3		)	87		82		(5		)	1			(6		)
Segment depreciation and amortization (b)	26		26		—			1			(1		)	26		26		—			—			—
Segment income (c)	237		245		(8		)	(11		)	3			189		237		(48		)	(2		)	(46		)


(b)	Segment depreciation and amortization consists of depreciation and amortization included in cost of sales and franchise and property expenses.


(c)	TH segment income includes $2 million and $3 million of cash distributions received from equity method investments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018.~~respectively.

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BK Segment	Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance			FX Impact (a)			Variance Excluding FX Impact			Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance			FX Impact (a)			Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2019		2018		Favorable / (Unfavorable)									2020		2019		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Sales	$	19	$	19	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	17	$	19	$	(2	)	$	—		$	(2	)
Franchise and property revenues	392		371		21			(12		)	33			371		392		(21		)	(7		)	(14		)
Total revenues	411		390		21			(12		)	33			388		411		(23		)	(7		)	(16		)
Cost of sales	18		16		(2		)	—			(2		)	17		18		1			—			1
Franchise and property expenses	43		32		(11		)	—			(11		)	39		43		4			—			4
Segment SG&A	141		140		(1		)	1			(2		)	145		141		(4		)	1			(5		)
Segment depreciation and amortization (b)	13		12		(1		)	—			(1		)	12		13		1			—			1
Segment income (d)	222		214		8			(11		)	19			200		222		(22		)	(6		)	(16		)


(d)	BK segment income includes $1 million of cash distributions received from equity method investments for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019 and 2018.~~2019. No significant amounts were received for the three months ended March 31, 2020.


PLK Segment	Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance			FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact			Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance			FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2019		2018		Favorable / (Unfavorable)								2020		2019		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Sales	$	20	$	21	$	(1	)	$	—	$	(1	)	$	21	$	20	$	1		$	—	$	1
Franchise and property revenues	86		80		6			—		6			117		86		31			—		31
Total revenues	106		101		5			—		5			138		106		32			—		32
Cost of sales	16		17		1			—		1			16		16		—			—		—
Franchise and property expenses	3		2		(1		)	—		(1		)	3		3		—			—		—
Segment SG&A	49		46		(3		)	—		(3		)	66		49		(17		)	—		(17		)
Segment depreciation and amortization (b)	3		3		—			—		—			2		3		1			—		1
Segment income	41		39		2			—		2			55		41		14			—		14

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	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
Key Business Metrics	2019			2018			2020			2019
System-wide sales growth
TH	0.5		%	2.1		%	(9.9		)%	0.5		%
BK	8.2		%	11.3		%	(3.0		)%	8.2		%
PLK	6.8		%	10.9		%	32.3		%	6.8		%
Consolidated	6.4		%	9.2		%	0.0		%	6.4		%
System-wide sales
TH	$	1,547		$	1,608		$	1,382		$	1,547
BK	$	5,289		$	5,149		$	4,999		$	5,289
PLK	$	955		$	903		$	1,258		$	955
Consolidated	$	7,791		$	7,660		$	7,639		$	7,791
Comparable sales
TH	(0.6		)%	(0.3		)%	(10.3		)%	(0.6		)%
BK	2.2		%	3.8		%	(3.7		)%	2.2		%
PLK	0.6		%	3.2		%	26.2		%	0.6		%

	As of March 31,						As of March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net restaurant growth
TH	1.9		%	2.8		%	1.2		%	1.9		%
BK	5.7		%	6.9		%	5.8		%	5.7		%
PLK	6.6		%	6.7		%	6.9		%	6.6		%
Consolidated	5.1		%	6.1		%	5.0		%	5.1		%
Restaurant count
TH	4,866			4,774			4,925			4,866
BK	17,823			16,859			18,848			17,823
PLK	3,120			2,926			3,336			3,120
Consolidated	25,809			24,559			27,109			25,809

Comparable Sales

TH comparable sales were ~~(0.6)~~(10.3)% during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, including Canada comparable sales of ~~(0.4)~~(10.8)%.

BK comparable sales were ~~2.2%~~(3.7)% during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, including U.S. comparable sales of ~~0.4%~~(6.5)%.

PLK comparable sales were ~~0.6%~~26.2% during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, including ~~U.S~~U.S. comparable sales of ~~0.4%~~29.2%.

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Sales and Cost of Sales

Sales include TH supply chain sales and sales from Company restaurants. TH supply chain sales represent sales of products, supplies and restaurant equipment, as well as sales to retailers. Sales from Company restaurants, including sales by our consolidated TH Restaurant VIEs, represent restaurant-level sales to our guests.

Cost of sales includes costs associated with the management of our TH supply chain, including cost of goods, direct labor and depreciation, as well as the cost of products sold to retailers. Cost of sales also includes food, paper and labor costs of Company restaurants.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the decrease in sales was driven primarily by a decrease of $3$13 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $1$2 million in our ~~PLK~~BK segment, and an unfavorable FX Impact of ~~$22 million.~~$5 million, partially offset by an increase of $1 million in our PLK segment. The decrease in our TH segment was driven by a $6$21 million decrease in ~~our TH~~supply chain sales due to the decrease in system-wide sales, net of an increase in sales to retailers. The decrease in supply chain sales was partially offset by an increase of $8 million in Company restaurant revenue ~~primarily from Company restaurant refranchisings and the conversion of Restaurant VIEs~~due to ~~franchise restaurants in prior periods, partially offset by a $3 million~~an increase in ~~supply chain sales. The decrease~~the number of Company restaurants. We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our system-wide sales and sales revenue for the three months ending June 30, 2020 more significantly than in ~~our PLK segment was due primarily to Company restaurant refranchisings in prior periods.~~the three months ended March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the decrease in cost of sales was driven primarily by a decrease of $7$2 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $1 million in our ~~PLK~~BK segment, and a ~~$17~~$4 million favorable FX ~~Impact, partially offset by a $2 million increase in our BK segment.~~Impact. The decrease in our TH segment was driven primarily by a decrease of $9 million in supply chain cost of sales due to a decrease in system-wide sales, net of $5an increase in sales to retailers and a $3 million charge to write-off paper cup inventory for the 2020 Roll Up the Rim promotion due to COVID-19. The decrease in supply chain cost of sales was partially offset by a $7 million increase in Company restaurant cost of sales ~~primarily from~~due to an increase in the number of Company ~~restaurant refranchisings and the conversion of Restaurant VIEs to franchise restaurants in prior periods.~~restaurants.

Franchise and Property

Franchise and property revenues consist primarily of royalties earned on franchise sales (including advertising fund revenues), rents from real estate leased or subleased to franchisees, franchise fees, and other revenue. Franchise and property expenses consist primarily of depreciation of properties leased to franchisees, rental expense associated with properties subleased to franchisees, amortization of franchise agreements, and bad debt expense (recoveries).

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the ~~increase~~decrease in franchise and property revenues was driven by ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$33~~$30 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $14 million in our BK segment, and a $9 million unfavorable FX Impact, partially offset by an increase of ~~$22~~$31 million in our PLK segment. The decrease in our TH segment was primarily driven by a decrease in rent and anroyalties from a decrease in system-wide sales and rent relief provided to eligible TH franchisees during the current period. The decrease in our BK segment was primarily driven by a decrease in royalties as a result of a decrease in system-wide sales. The increase ~~of $6 million~~ in our PLK segment ~~partially offset by a $23 million unfavorable FX Impact. The increases in our BK and PLK segments were~~was primarily driven by ~~increases~~an increase in royalties driven by system-wide sales growth. Additionally, the increases in our BK and TH segments reflected the gross recognition of property income from lessee reimbursements of costs such as property taxes and maintenance when we are the lessor in the lease as a result of an increase in system-wide sales. We currently expect that the ~~application~~COVID-19 pandemic will impact our system-wide sales and, along with rent concessions provided to eligible TH and BK franchisees as a result of ~~ASC 842 beginning January 1, 2019.~~COVID-19, will impact our franchise and property revenue for the three months ending June 30, 2020 more significantly than in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the ~~increase~~decrease in franchise and property expenses was driven by ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$20~~$2 million in our TH segment, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$11~~$4 million in our BK segment, and ~~an increase of~~a $1 ~~million in our PLK segment, partially offset by a $3~~ million favorable FX Impact. The increase in our TH and BK segments reflected the gross recognition of property expense for costs such as property taxes and maintenance paid by us and reimbursed by lessees when we are the lessor in the lease as a result of the application of ASC 842 beginning January 1, 2019.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Our selling, general and administrative expenses were comprised of the following:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance					Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance
	Three Months Ended March 31,				$			%		Three Months Ended March 31,				$			%
	2019		2018		Favorable / (Unfavorable)					2020		2019		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Segment SG&A:
TH	$	82	$	82	$	—		—	%	$	87	$	82	$	(5	)	(6.1	)%
BK	141		140		(1		)	(0.7	)%	145		141		(4		)	(2.8	)%
PLK	49		46		(3		)	(6.5	)%	66		49		(17		)	(34.7	)%
Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense	25		15		(10		)	(66.7	)%	21		25		4			16.0	%
Depreciation and amortization	5		6		1			16.7	%	5		5		—			—	%
PLK Transaction costs	—		5		5			100.0	%
Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees	6		7		1			14.3	%	1		6		5			83.3	%
Office centralization and relocation costs	4		—		(4		)	NM		—		4		4			100.0	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	312	$	301	$	(11	)	(3.7	)%	$	325	$	312	$	(13	)	(4.2	)%

NM - not meaningful

Segment selling, general and administrative expenses (“Segment SG&A”) include segment selling expenses, which consist primarily of advertising fund expenses, and segment general and administrative expenses, which are comprised primarily of salary and employee-related costs for non-restaurant employees, professional fees, information technology systems, and general overhead for our corporate offices. Segment SG&A excludes share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, ~~PLK Transaction costs,~~ Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees, and Office centralization and relocation costs.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the increase in Segment SG&A in our PLK segment is primarily due to an increase in advertising fund expenses resulting from an increase in advertising fund revenue.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the decrease in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense was primarily due ~~primarily~~ to ~~an increase in the number of equity awards granted during 2019 and an increase~~a decrease associated with equity award modifications infrom the ~~current~~prior year.

(Income) Loss from Equity Method Investments

The change in (income) loss from equity method investments during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 was primarily driven by ~~the recognition of~~ a ~~$20 million non-cash dilution gain during 2018 on the initial public offering by one of our equity method investees and an increase~~decrease in equity method investment net ~~losses~~income that we recognized during the current year.

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Other Operating Expenses (Income), net

Our other operating expenses (income), net were comprised of the following:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	$	3		$	2		$	(2	)	$	3
Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net	—			(6		)
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange	(15		)	16			(8		)	(15		)
Other, net	(5		)	1			(6		)	(5		)
Other operating expenses (income), net	$	(17	)	$	13		$	(16	)	$	(17	)

Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. ~~Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.~~

~~Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net primarily reflects payments made and proceeds received in connection with litigation matters.~~

Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange is primarily related to revaluation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities.

Interest Expense, net

Our interest expense, net and the weighted average interest rate on our long-term debt were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Interest expense, net	$	132		$	140		$	119		$	132
Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt	5.0		%	4.7		%	4.6		%	5.0		%

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, interest expense, net decreased primarily due to ~~an $18 million benefit during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to~~ a ~~$4 million benefit during the period from March 15, 2018 to March 31, 2018 from our adoption of a new hedge accounting standard in 2018, partially offset by an increase~~decrease in the weighted average interest rate in the current ~~year.~~year driven by the decrease in interest rates and the 2019 refinancing of our senior secured debt.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate was ~~18.7%~~16.8% and ~~0.6%~~18.7% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The ~~increase~~decrease in our effective tax rate ~~was~~ primarily ~~due~~relates to changes to the relative amount and mix of our income from multiple tax jurisdictions and the impact of internal financing arrangements partly offset by a lower tax benefit from stock option exercises ~~and~~in the ~~benefit from reserve releases in 2018 due to audit settlements, partially offset by the benefits of internal financing arrangements.~~current quarter. The effective tax rate was reduced by ~~4.1%~~0.1% and ~~22.7%~~4.1% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, as a result of benefits from stock option exercises. ~~We expect~~Additionally, there may be some quarter-to-quarter volatility ~~in the impact~~ of ~~stock option exercises on~~ our effective tax rate ~~based on fluctuations~~ in ~~stock option exercises.~~future quarters as our mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions and related income forecasts change due to the potential effects of COVID-19.

Net Income

We reported net income of $224 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to net income of $246 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019, compared to net income of $279 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.~~2019. The decrease in net income is primarily due to a ~~$54~~$48 million ~~increase~~decrease in TH segment income, ~~tax expense, an $11~~a $22 million decrease in BK segment income, a $3 million unfavorable change from the impact of equity method investments and a ~~$10~~$1 million increase in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, an $8 million decrease in TH segment income, and $4 million of Office centralization and relocation costs. These factors were partially offset by a $30 million favorableunfavorable change in the results from other operating expenses (income), ~~net, an $8 million increase in BK segment income, an $8 million decrease in interest expense, the non-recurrence of $5 million of PLK Transaction costs incurred in the prior period,~~net. These factors were partially offset by a $2$14 million increase in PLK segment income, ~~and~~ a $1$13 million decrease in interest expense, net, a $10 million decrease in income tax expense, a $5 million decrease in Corporate restructuring and tax advisory ~~fees.~~fees, a $4 million decrease in Office Centralization and relocation costs, a $4 million decrease in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, and a $2 million decrease in depreciation and amortization. Amounts above include a total unfavorable FX Impact to net income of $9 million. We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our net income for the three months ending June 30, 2020 more significantly than the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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Non-GAAP Reconciliations

The table below contains information regarding EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures do not have a standardized meaning under U.S. GAAP and may differ from similar captioned measures of other companies in our industry. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors in assessing our operating performance, as they provide them with the same tools that management uses to evaluate our performance and is responsive to questions we receive from both investors and analysts. By disclosing these non-GAAP measures, we intend to provide investors with a consistent comparison of our operating results and trends for the periods presented. EBITDA is defined as earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization and is used by management to measure operating performance of the business. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA excluding the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense and (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, as well as other operating expenses (income), net. Other specifically identified costs associated with non-recurring projects are also excluded from Adjusted EBITDA, including ~~PLK Transaction costs associated with the Popeyes Acquisition,~~ Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees related to the interpretation and implementation of the Tax Act, including Treasury regulations proposed ~~in late~~and issued between 2018 and 2020, and non-operational Office centralization and relocation costs in connection with the centralization and relocation of our Canadian and U.S. restaurant support centers to new offices in Toronto, Ontario, and Miami, Florida, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of operating performance or the performance of an acquired business. Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, also represents our measure of segment income for each of our three operating segments.


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Variance					Three Months Ended March 31,						Variance
	Three Months Ended March 31,						$			%		Three Months Ended March 31,						$			%
	2019			2018			Favorable / (Unfavorable)					2020			2019			Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Segment income:
TH	$	237		$	245		$	(8	)	(3.3	)%	$	189		$	237		$	(48	)	(20.1	)%
BK	222			214			8			3.9	%	200			222			(22		)	(10.0	)%
PLK	41			39			2			5.4	%	55			41			14			34.2	%
Adjusted EBITDA	500			498			2			0.5	%	444			500			(56		)	(11.2	)%
Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense	25			15			(10		)	(66.7	)%	21			25			4			16.0	%
PLK Transaction costs	—			5			5			NM
Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees	6			7			1			14.3	%	1			6			5			83.3	%
Office centralization and relocation costs	4			—			(4		)	NM		—			4			4			100.0	%
Impact of equity method investments (a)	1			(10		)	(11		)	NM		4			1			(3		)	NM
Other operating expenses (income), net	(17		)	13			30			NM		(16		)	(17		)	(1		)	(5.9	)%
EBITDA	481			468			13			2.8	%	434			481			(47		)	(9.8	)%
Depreciation and amortization	47			47			—			—	%	45			47			2			4.3	%
Income from operations	434			421			13			3.1	%	389			434			(45		)	(10.4	)%
Interest expense, net	132			140			8			5.7	%	119			132			13			9.8	%
Income tax expense	56			2			(54		)	NM		46			56			10			17.9	%
Net income	$	246		$	279		$	(33	)	(11.8	)%	$	224		$	246		$	(22	)	(8.9	)%

NM - not meaningful


(a)	Represents (i) (income) loss from equity method investments and (ii) cash distributions received from our equity method investments. Cash distributions received from our equity method investments are included in segment income.

The ~~increase~~decrease in Adjusted EBITDA for ~~the three months ended March 31, 2019~~2020 reflects the ~~increases~~decreases in segment income in our TH and BK segments, which includes $20 million related to the timing of advertising fund revenue and ~~PLK segments,~~expenses, partially offset by ~~a decrease~~an increase in our THPLK segment.

The ~~increase~~decrease in EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 is primarily due to ~~favorable~~decreases in segment income in our TH and BK segments and unfavorable results from the impact of equity method investments and other operating expenses (income), net in the current period, ~~an increase in segment income in our BK segment, the non-recurrence of PLK Transaction costs, and~~partially offset by an increase in segment income in our PLK segment, ~~partially offset by unfavorable results from the impact of equity method investments, an increase~~a decrease in Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees, a decrease in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, ~~a decrease in segment income in our TH segment~~ and the ~~inclusion~~non-recurrence of Office centralization and relocation ~~costs.~~costs in the current period.

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We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will impact segment income, Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA for the three months ending June 30, 2020 more significantly than in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand and cash generated by ~~operations, and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below).~~operations. We have used, and may in the future use, our liquidity to make required interest and/or principal payments, to make distributions to RBI for RBI to repurchase its common shares, to repurchase Class B exchangeable limited partnership units of Partnership (“Partnership exchangeable units”), to voluntarily prepay and repurchase our or one of our affiliate’s outstanding debt, to fund our investing activities, and to make distributions on Class A common units and distributions on the Partnership exchangeable units. As a result of our borrowings, we are highly leveraged. Our liquidity requirements are significant, primarily due to debt service requirements.

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$902~~$2,498 million, working capital of ~~$134~~$1,587 million and borrowing availability of ~~$498~~$3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we drew down $995 million on our Revolving Credit ~~Facility.~~Facility and we also drew down the remaining availability of C$125 million under the TH Facility (defined below). Additionally, on April 7, 2020, two of our subsidiaries (the "Borrowers") entered into an indenture (the "2020 5.75% Senior Notes Indenture") in connection with the issuance of $500 million of 5.75% first lien notes due April 15, 2025 (the "2020 5.75% Senior Notes"). No principal payments are due until maturity and interest is paid semi-annually. The net proceeds from the offering of the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes will be used for general corporate purposes and are not reflected in cash and cash equivalents of $2,498 million as of March 31, 2020. Based on our current level of operations and available cash, we believe our cash flow from operations ~~combined with availability under our Revolving Credit Facility,~~ will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our current obligations, debt service requirements and capital spending over the next twelve months.

Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The financial impact of COVID-19 has had, and is expected to continue for an uncertain period to have, an adverse effect on our franchisees’ liquidity and we are working closely with our franchisees around the world to monitor and assist them with access to appropriate sources of liquidity in order to sustain their businesses throughout this crisis. Beginning in April 2020, we are providing cash flow support by extending loans to eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and advancing certain cash payments to eligible TH franchisees in Canada. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we initiated a rent relief program for eligible TH franchisees in Canada and extended payment terms for eligible TH franchisees in Canada and the U.S. who lease property from us and also initiated rent relief programs and extended payment terms effective April 1 for eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and Canada who lease property from us. We have also temporarily deferred franchisee capital investment commitments for restaurant renovations and new restaurant development. These actions are expected to adversely affect our cash flow and financial results at least through the second quarter of 2020. In addition to these actions, we may decide to take additional steps to assist in the financial stabilization of our franchisees, which could impact our liquidity and our financial results.

On August 2, 2016, the RBI board of directors approved a share repurchase authorization wherein RBI may purchase up to $300 million of RBI common shares through July 2021. Repurchases under RBI’s authorization will be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. If RBI repurchases any RBI common shares, pursuant to the partnership agreement, Partnership will, immediately prior to such repurchase, make a distribution to RBI on its Class A common units in an amount sufficient for RBI to fund such repurchase.

Prior to the Tax Act, we provided deferred taxes on certain undistributed foreign earnings. Under our transition to a modified territorial tax system whereby all previously untaxed undistributed foreign earnings ~~are~~were subject to a transition tax charge at reduced rates and future repatriations of foreign earnings generally will ~~generally~~ be exempt from U.S. tax, we wrote off the existing deferred tax liability on undistributed foreign earnings and recorded the impact of the new transition tax charge on foreign earnings during the fourth quarter of 2017. We will continue to monitor available evidence and our plans for foreign earnings and expect to continue to provide any applicable deferred taxes based on the tax liability or withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of amounts not considered permanently reinvested.

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Debt Instruments and Debt Service Requirements

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, our long-term debt consists primarily of borrowings under our Credit Facilities, amounts outstanding under our 2017 4.25% Senior Notes, ~~2015 4.625%~~2019 3.875% Senior Notes, 2017 5.00% Senior Notes, 2019 4.375% Senior Notes and TH Facility (each as defined below), and obligations under finance leases. For further information about our long-term debt, see Note 10 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.

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Credit Facilities

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, there was ~~$6,322~~$6,082 million outstanding principal amount under our senior secured term loan ~~facility~~facilities (the "Term Loan ~~Facility"~~Facilities") with ana weighted average interest rate of ~~4.75%~~2.68%. Based on the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan ~~Facility~~Facilities and LIBOR as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, subject to a floor of ~~1.00%~~0.00%, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be approximately ~~$304~~$164 million in interest payments and ~~$65~~$72 million in principal payments. In addition, based on LIBOR as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, net cash settlements that we expect to pay on our ~~$3,500~~$4,000 million interest rate swap are estimated to be approximately $9$57 million for the next twelve months.

On April 2, 2020, the Borrowers entered into a fifth amendment (the "Fifth Amendment") to the credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") governing our Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facility. The Fifth Amendment provides the Borrowers with the option to comply with a $1,000 million minimum liquidity covenant in lieu of the 6.50:1.00 net first lien senior secured leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant for the period after June 30, 2020 and prior to September 30, 2021. There were no other material changes to the terms of the Credit Agreement.

The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin varying from 0.00% to 0.50%, or (ii) a Eurocurrency rate, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin varying between 0.75% to 1.50%, in each case, determined by reference to a net first lien leverage based pricing grid. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan B is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or (ii) a Eurocurrency rate, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin of 1.75%.

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~no amounts~~$995 million outstanding under our ~~senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving~~Revolving Credit ~~Facility" and together~~Facility with ~~the Term Loan Facility, the "Credit Facilities")~~an interest rate of 2.05%, had $2 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and our borrowing availability was ~~$498~~$3 million. No principal payments are due on the Revolving Credit Facility until maturity. Based on the amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and LIBOR as of March 31, 2020, subject to a floor of 0.00%, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be approximately $23 million in interest payments. Funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used to repay other debt, finance debt, ormake distributions to RBI ~~share repurchases,~~for RBI to repurchase its common shares, repurchase Partnership exchangeable units, fund acquisitions or capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes. We have a $125 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the Revolving Credit Facility, which reduces our borrowing availability thereunder by the cumulative amount of outstanding letters of credit.

The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Credit Facilities is, at our option, either (i) a base rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.25% for the Term Loan Facility and ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%, depending on our leverage ratio, for the Revolving Credit Facility, or (ii) a Eurocurrency rate plus an applicable margin of 2.25% for the Term Loan Facility and ranging from 1.25% to 2.00%, depending on our leverage ratio, for the Revolving Credit Facility. Borrowings are subject to a floor of 2.00% for base rate borrowings and 1.00% for Eurocurrency rate borrowings.

Senior Notes

The Borrowers are party to (i) an indenture (the “2017 4.25% Senior Notes Indenture”) in connection with the issuance of $1,500 million of 4.25% first lien senior ~~secured~~ notes due May 15, 2024 (the “2017 4.25% Senior Notes”), (ii) an indenture (the ~~“2015 4.625%~~“2019 3.875% Senior Notes Indenture”) in connection with the issuance of ~~$1,250~~$750 million of ~~4.625%~~3.875% first lien senior notes due January 15, ~~2022~~2028 (the ~~“2015 4.625%~~“2019 3.875% Senior Notes”) ~~and~~, (iii) an indenture (the “2017 5.00% Senior Notes Indenture”) in connection with the issuance of $2,800 million of 5.00% second lien senior ~~secured~~ notes due October 15, 2025 (the “2017 5.00% Senior Notes”), and (iv) an indenture (the “2019 4.375% Senior Notes Indenture” and together with the above indentures the "Senior Notes Indentures") in connection with the issuance of $750 million of 4.375% second lien senior notes due January 15, 2028 (the “2019 4.375% Senior Notes”). No principal payments are due on the 2017 4.25% Senior Notes, ~~2015 4.625%~~2019 3.875% Senior Notes, 2017 5.00% Senior Notes and ~~2017 5.00%~~2019 4.375% Senior Notes until maturity and interest is paid semi-annually.

Based on the amounts outstanding at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, required debt service for the next twelve months on all of the Senior Notes outstanding is approximately ~~$262~~$266 million in interest payments.

TH Facility

~~During 2018, one~~One of our subsidiaries entered into a non-revolving delayed drawdown term credit facility in a total aggregate principal amount of C$~~100~~225 million with a maturity date of October 4, 2025 (the “TH Facility”). The interest rate applicable to the TH Facility is the Canadian Bankers’ Acceptance rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.40% or the Prime Rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.40%, at our option. Obligations under the TH Facility are guaranteed by three of our subsidiaries, and amounts borrowed under the TH Facility are ~~and will be~~ secured by certain parcels of real estate. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~drawn down the entire~~outstanding C$~~100~~225 million ~~available~~ under the TH Facility with a weighted average interest rate of ~~3.37%~~3.06%.

Based on the amounts outstanding under the TH Facility as of March 31, 2020, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be approximately $5 million in interest payments and $4 million in principal payments.

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Restrictions and Covenants

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under the Credit Facilities, the TH Facility, ~~2017 4.25%~~and the Senior Notes Indenture, 2017 5.00% Senior Notes Indenture and 2015 4.625% Senior Notes Indenture, and there were no limitations on our ability to draw on the remaining availability under our Revolving Credit Facility.

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Indentures.

Cash Distributions/Dividends

On April 3, ~~2019,~~2020, RBI paid a cash dividend of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per RBI common share. Partnership made a distribution to RBI as holder of Class A common units in the amount of the aggregate dividends declared and paid by RBI on RBI common shares and also made a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per exchangeable unit.

The RBI board of directors has declared a cash dividend of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per RBI common share, which will be paid on ~~July 3, 2019~~June 30, 2020 to RBI common shareholders of record on June 17, ~~2019.~~2020. Partnership will make a distribution to RBI as holder of Class A common units in the amount of the aggregate dividends declared and paid by RBI on RBI common shares. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of ~~$0.50~~$0.52 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for such distribution will be the same as the record date and payment date for the cash dividend per RBI common share set forth above.

In addition, because we are a holding company, our ability to pay cash distributions on our Partnership exchangeable units may be limited by restrictions under our debt agreements.

Outstanding Security Data

As of April ~~22, 2019,~~24, 2020, we had outstanding 202,006,067 Class A common units issued to RBI and ~~207,380,043~~164,935,193 Partnership exchangeable units. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, Partnership exchanged 178,046 Partnership exchangeable units pursuant to exchange notices received.

One special voting share of RBI is held by a trustee, entitling the trustee to that number of votes on matters on which holders of RBI common shares are entitled to vote equal to the number of Partnership exchangeable units outstanding. The trustee is required to cast such votes in accordance with voting instructions provided by holders of Partnership exchangeable units. At any shareholder meeting of RBI, holders of RBI common shares vote together as a single class with the special voting share except as otherwise provided by law. For information on ~~our~~RBI's share-based compensation and ~~our~~its outstanding equity awards, see Note 15 to the audited consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February ~~22, 2019.~~21, 2020.

Since December 12, 2015, the holders of Partnership exchangeable units have had the right to require Partnership to exchange all or any portion of such holder’s Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares at a ratio of one share for each Partnership exchangeable unit, subject to RBI’s right as the general partner of Partnership to determine to settle any such exchange for a cash payment in lieu of RBI common shares.

Comparative Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was ~~$154~~$136 million ~~during~~for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, compared to ~~cash used for operating activities of $142.0~~$154 million during the same period in the prior year. The ~~increase~~decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by a decrease in TH segment income ~~tax payments, primarily due to the 2018 payment of accrued income taxes related to the December 2017 redemption of preferred shares,~~and a decrease in ~~cash used for working capital, an increase in~~ BK ~~segment income and an increase in PLK~~ segment income. These factors were partially offset by ~~an increase~~a decrease in interest payments and ~~a decrease~~an increase in THPLK segment income.

Investing Activities

Cash ~~provided by~~used for investing activities was ~~$11~~$3 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, compared to $2$11 million of cash provided from investing activities during the same period in the prior year. The change in investing activities was driven by an increase in ~~proceeds from the settlement of derivatives and a decrease in capital expenditures.~~

~~We expect~~ capital expenditures ~~to increase in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily as a result of a C$100 million investment to expand~~during the ~~supply chain and distribution centers in Canada, the majority of which will occur in 2019.~~current period.

Financing Activities

Cash ~~used for~~provided by financing activities was ~~$182~~$855 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, compared to ~~$128~~$182 million of cash used for financing activities during the same period in the prior year. The change in financing activities was driven primarily by ~~an increase in distributions~~proceeds from the draw down on ~~common units~~our Revolving Credit Facility and ~~Partnership exchangeable units,~~proceeds from the draw down on the remaining availability under the TH Facility, partially offset by an increase in ~~capital contributions~~RBI common share dividends and distributions on Partnership exchangeable units and a decrease in proceeds from ~~RBI and the non-recurrence of the 2018 distribution to RBI for payments in connection with the December 2017 redemption of preferred shares.~~stock option exercises.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Except as described herein, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations, which are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2020, other than the following.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we drew down $995 million on our Revolving Credit Facility and we also drew down the remaining availability of C$125 million under the TH Facility. Additionally, on April 7, 2020, we obtained the proceeds from the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes. Each of these terms is defined and described above. The following table provides contractual obligations as of March 31, 2020 and an update as of April 7, 2020, which reflects all of the debt transactions disclosed above, of the contractual obligations under our Credit Facilities, senior notes and other long term debt presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.



			Payment Due by Period as of April 7, 2020
Contractual Obligations	Total as of March 31, 2020		Total		Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More Than 5 Years
			(In millions)
Credit Facilities, including interest (a)	$	8,203	$	8,203	$	259	$	522	$	2,124	$	5,298
Senior Notes, including interest (b)	7,320		7,965		294		589		2,033		5,049
Other long term debt	186		186		9		24		36		117


(a)	We have estimated our interest payments through the maturity of our Credit Facilities based on LIBOR as of March 31, 2020.


(b)	Amounts included herein for the Senior Notes exclude amounts for the Tim Hortons Notes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For information regarding our Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, see the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 21, 2020. Additionally, see the “COVID-19” section of Note 1 to the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on asset impairment assessments.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 3 – New Accounting Pronouncements in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There were no material changes during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 to the disclosures made in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February ~~22, 2019.~~21, 2020.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of management of RBI, as the general partner of Partnership, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) of RBI, of the effectiveness of Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and Exchange Act Rules 15d-15(e)) as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO of RBI concluded that Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.

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Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of RBI, as general partner of Partnership, including the CEO and CFO, confirm there were no changes in Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, Partnership modified existing controls and processes to support the adoption of the new lease accounting standard that Partnership adopted as of January 1, 2019 which included the implementation of a new lease accounting system. There were no significant changes to partnership's internal control over financial reporting due to the adoption of the new standard.

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain information contained in this report, including information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. We refer to all of these as forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are forward-looking in nature and, accordingly, are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “continue”, “will”, “may”, “could”, “would”, “target”, “potential” and other similar expressions and include, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations or beliefs regarding (i) the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, business, liquidity and prospects and those of our franchisees, (ii) our future financial obligations, including annual debt service requirements, capital expenditures and ~~distribution~~dividend payments, our ability to meet such obligations and the source of funds used to satisfy such obligations; ~~(ii) the amount and timing of additional general administrative expenses associated with the centralization and relocation of~~(iii) our ~~Canadian and U.S.~~efforts to assist restaurant ~~support centers; (iii)~~owners in maintaining liquidity; (iv) the amount and timing of additional Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees related to the Tax ~~Act; (iv) the increase in capital expenditures as a result of our investment to expand our supply chain~~Act and ~~distribution centers in Canada~~Office centralization and ~~the timing of such expenditures;~~relocation costs; (v) certain tax matters, including the impact of the Tax Act on future periods; (vi) the amount of net cash settlements we expect to pay on our derivative instruments; and (vii) certain accounting ~~matters, including the impact of changes in accounting and our transition to ASC 842.~~matters.

Our forward-looking statements, included in this report and elsewhere, represent management’s expectations as of the date that they are made. Our forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by Partnership in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. However, these forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, among other things, risks related to: (1) our substantial indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations; (2) global economic or other business conditions that may affect the desire or ability of our customers to purchase our products and supply chain, such as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflationary pressures, high unemployment levels, declines in median income growth, consumer confidence and consumer discretionary spending and changes in consumer perceptions of dietary health and food safety; (3) our relationship with, and the success of, our franchisees and risks related to our fully franchised business model; (4) our franchisees’ financial stability and their ability to access and maintain the liquidity necessary to operate their businesses; (5) supply chain operations; (6) our ownership and leasing of real estate; (7) the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising programs and franchisee support of these programs; ~~(5)~~(8) significant and rapid fluctuations in interest rates and in the currency exchange markets and the effectiveness of our hedging activity; ~~(6)~~(9) our ability to successfully implement our domestic and international growth strategy for our brands and risks related to our international operations; ~~(7)~~(10) our reliance on master franchisees and subfranchisees to accelerate restaurant growth; ~~(8)~~(11) the ability of the counterparties to our credit facilities and derivatives to fulfill their commitments and/or obligations; and ~~(9)~~(12) changes in applicable tax laws or interpretations ~~thereof;~~thereof, and risks related to the complexity of the Tax Act and our ability to accurately interpret and predict its impact on our financial condition and results.

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment and our inability to successfully manage any of the above risks may permit our competitors to increase their market share and may decrease our profitability. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Finally, our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those detailed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February ~~22, 2019,~~21, 2020, as well as other materials that we from time to time file with, or furnish to, the SEC or file with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their

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entirety by the cautionary statements in this section and elsewhere in this report. Other than as required under securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.

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Part II – Other Information

Item ~~1. Legal Proceedings~~1A. Risk Factors

~~In March 2019, Partnership settled~~The below updates the ~~two class action lawsuits filed~~risk factor included in ~~the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against The TDL Group Corp., a subsidiary of Partnership (“TDL”), and certain other defendants, as described in Partnership’s~~our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the ~~SEC~~U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February ~~22, 2019. Under~~21, 2020.

Our results can be adversely affected by unforeseen events, such as adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or threats, pandemics, such as the ~~terms~~COVID-19 pandemic, or other catastrophic events.

Unforeseen events, such as adverse weather conditions, natural disasters or catastrophic events, can adversely impact restaurant sales. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and severe adverse weather conditions and health pandemics whether occurring in Canada, the United States or abroad, can keep customers in the affected area from dining out, cause damage to or closure of restaurants and result in lost opportunities for our restaurants.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and governmental authorities around the world have implemented measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These measures have adversely affected workforces, customers, consumer sentiment, economies and financial markets, and, along with decreased consumer spending, have led to an economic downturn in many of our markets. As a result of COVID-19, we and our franchisees have experienced significant store closures and instances of reduced store-level operations, including reduced operating hours and dining-room closures. As of the ~~settlement, TDL will contribute C$10 million~~end of April 2020, our restaurants in the U.S. and Canada have closed dine-in operations, continuing to offer drive-thru, delivery and take-out where possible, sometimes with limited hours, several markets in Europe (including France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) have closed all restaurants, and many other international markets also have limited operations. As a result, restaurant traffic and system-wide sales have been significantly negatively impacted.

Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The impact of COVID-19 has, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse effect on our franchisees’ liquidity. As a result, we are providing cash flow support by extending loans to eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and advancing certain cash payments to eligible TH franchisees in Canada. For approximately 3,700 eligible locations where we have property control at Tim Hortons in Canada and Burger King in the United States and Canada, we have temporarily converted our rent structure from a combination of fixed plus variable rent to 100% variable rent, which provides relief in the face of declining sales. In addition, we have deferred rent payments for up to 45 days for certain other franchisees. These actions are expected to adversely affect our cash flow and financial results in the upcoming quarters. In addition to these actions, we may decide to take additional steps to assist in the financial stabilization of our franchisees, which could impact our liquidity and our financial results. In addition, we are delaying the capital expenditure obligations of our franchisees relating to new restaurants, remodels and significant equipment deployments, which could adversely affect our growth once the COVID-19 pandemic has passed. To the extent that our franchisees experience financial distress, it could negatively affect (i) our operating results as a result of delayed or reduced payments of royalties, advertising fund contributions and rents for properties we lease to them or claims under our lease guarantees, (ii) our future revenue, earnings and cash flow growth and (iii) our financial condition.

COVID-19 or other events could lead to delays or interruptions in the delivery of food or other supplies to our franchised restaurants arising from delays or restrictions on shipping and/or manufacturing, closures of supplier or distributor facilities or financial distress or insolvency of suppliers or distributors and also could lead to difficulties in maintaining appropriate staffing of restaurants. Food distributors and suppliers often operate with thin margins and therefore may be more vulnerable to governmental actions which result in significantly reduced activity or to general economic downturns. As of December 31, 2019, four distributors serviced approximately 92% of BK restaurants in the U.S. and five distributors serviced approximately 85% of PLK restaurants in the U.S. Consequently, our operations could be adversely affected if any of these distributors were unable to fulfill their responsibilities and we were unable to locate a substitute distributor in a timely manner. In addition, as COVID-19 may be transmitted through human contact, the risk or perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 could adversely affect the ability, or the cost, of staffing restaurants, which could be exacerbated to the ~~Tim Hortons Advertising Fund in Canada over two years, such amount~~extent that we or our franchisees have employees who test positive for the virus.

We cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic or when operations will cease to be ~~spent~~affected by it. Furthermore, we cannot predict the effects that actual or threatened armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, efforts to combat terrorism or heightened security requirements will have on ~~marketing activities. In addition, TDL will pay C$2 million for legal~~our future operations. Because a significant portion of our restaurant operating costs are fixed or semi-fixed in nature, the loss of sales during these periods hurts our and ~~administrative expenses. The court approved~~our franchisees’ operating margins and can result in restaurant operating losses and our loss of royalties. We expect the ~~settlement~~COVID-19 pandemic to negatively impact our financial results and based on ~~April 29, 2019.~~the duration and scope, such impact could be material.

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Item 5. Other Information

Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

(e)

On January ~~22, 2019,~~21, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the RBI Board of Directors ~~of RBI~~ (the “Compensation Committee”) approved an increase in the base salary of Matthew Dunnigan, RBI's Chief Financial Officer, ~~of RBI,~~ from ~~$400,000 to~~ $480,000 and an increase in his target bonus percentage from 130% to 150%. The Compensation Committee also approved an increase in the base salary of Jill Granat, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of RBI, from $500,000 to $550,000.

On January ~~22, 2019,~~21, 2020, the Compensation Committee approved the ~~RBI 2019~~2020 Annual Bonus Program on substantially the same terms as the ~~RBI~~ 2018 Annual Bonus Program, as described in RBI's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Pursuant to RBI’s Bonus Swap Program, RBI provides eligible employees, including its named executive officers, or NEOs, the ability to invest 25% or 50% of their net cash bonus into RBI common shares (“Investment Shares”) and leverage the investment through the issuance of matching restricted share units (“RSUs”). The terms of the ~~RBI 2018~~2019 Bonus Swap Program are substantially the same as the terms of the ~~RBI~~ 2015 Bonus Swap Program, which are described in ~~RBI's~~our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2016. All of RBI’s NEOs elected to participate in the ~~RBI 2018~~2019 Bonus Swap Program at the 50% level. The matching RSUs will cliff vest on December 31, ~~2023.~~2024. All of the matching RSUs will be forfeited if an NEO’s service (including service on the Board of Directors of RBI) is terminated for any reason (other than death or disability) prior to December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. If an NEO sells more than 50% of the Investment Shares before the vesting date, he or she will forfeit 100% of the matching RSUs. An NEO who sells 50% or less of the Investment Shares before the vesting date will forfeit 50% of the matching RSUs and a proportional amount of the remaining matching RSUs.

On January ~~22, 2019,~~21, 2020, the Compensation Committee approved a grant of 50,000 RBI stock options to ~~Alexandre Santoro, our former President, Popeyes, who moved into a new role with Partnership supporting its international supply chain business~~Matthew Dunnigan, RBI's Chief Financial Officer and ~~assisting with new country entries.~~25,000 RBI stock options to Jill Granat, RBI's General Counsel. The RBI stock options cliff vest on February ~~22, 2024~~21, 2025 and the exercise price is ~~$64.75.~~$66.31.

On January ~~22, 2019,~~21, 2020, the Compensation Committee approved discretionary awards of ~~275,000, 100,000, 225,000~~250,000, 200,000, 50,000 and ~~50,000 RBI~~25,000 performance based RSUs, or “PBRSUs”, to Messrs. Cil, ~~Dunnigan~~Kobza, and ~~Kobza~~Dunnigan and Ms. Granat, respectively. The performance measure for purposes of determining the number of units earned by Messrs. Cil ~~Dunnigan~~ and Kobza ~~and Ms. Granat~~ is ~~RBI’s~~Tim Hortons Canada’s annual ~~year-over-year~~year over year growth of ~~Organic Adjusted EBITDA~~same store sales for ~~2019,~~ 2020 and 2021. If at the end of the ~~three-year~~two-year performance period, the threshold performance has not been achieved, the performance period will be extended for an additional year, and a 20% reduction to the payout will apply. The Compensation Committee established ~~an 85.7%~~a 50% performance threshold below which no shares are earned and a ~~128.6%~~200% maximum performance level. If achievement falls between the threshold level and the target level or between the target level and the maximum level, the number of shares earned by ~~each NEO~~Messrs. Cil, and Kobza would be calculated on a linear basis. Once earned, the PBRSUs will cliff vest on February ~~22, 2024.~~21, 2025. In addition, if an executive’s service to RBI ~~(including service on the Board of Directors of RBI)~~ is terminated ~~for any reason~~ (other than due to death or disability) prior to February ~~22, 2022,~~21, 2023, he or she will forfeit the entire award. A copy of the form of Performance Award Agreement between RBI and each of the NEOs is filed herewith as Exhibit ~~10.62 in RBI's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2019.~~10.73. This summary is qualified in its entirety to the full text of the Performance Award Agreement.

The performance measure for purposes of determining the number of units earned by Mr. Dunnigan and Ms. Granat is the same as the PBRSUs granted in February 2019 as described in RBI's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Jose Cil, RBI's Chief Executive Officer, has voluntarily elected to forgo half of his salary compensation for the six months ending September 30, 2020. RBI will redirect his forgone salary to be contributed among the foundations established by each of our brands to assist with COVID-19 relief.

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Item 6. Exhibits




Exhibit Number		Description

~~10.50~~10.72*		~~Employment and Post-Employment Covenants~~Purchase Agreement, dated as of ~~January 22, 2018 by~~April 2, 2020, among JP Morgan Securities LLC, as representative of the Initial Purchasers (as defined therein), the Issuers (as defined therein) and ~~between The TDL Group Corp. and Matthew Dunnigan~~the Guarantors (as defined therein) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit ~~10.50~~10.72 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on ~~April 29, 2019)~~May 1, 2020).

~~10.51~~10.73*		~~Employment~~Form of Performance Award Agreement (TH) under the Amended and ~~Post-Employment Covenants Agreement dated as of January 22, 2018 by and between Restaurant Brands International Inc. and Matthew Dunnigan~~Restated 2014 Omnibus Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit ~~10.51~~10.73 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on ~~April 29, 2019).~~May 1, 2020)

~~10.52~~*		Employment and Post-Employment Covenants Agreement dated as of January 22, 2018 by and between Restaurant Brands International U.S. Services LLC and Matthew Dunnigan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.53~~*		Employment and Post-Employment Covenants Agreement dated as of January 23, 2019 by and between The TDL Group Corp. and Jose E. Cil (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.54~~*		Employment and Post-Employment Covenants Agreement dated as of January 23, 2019 by and between Restaurant Brands International Inc. and Jose E. Cil (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.55~~*		Employment and Post-Employment Covenants Agreement dated as of January 23, 2019 by and between Burger King Corporation and Jose E. Cil (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.56~~*		Amendment dated January 23, 2019 to Employment and Post-Covenants Agreement dated as of February 9, 2015 between Restaurant Brands International Inc. and Daniel Schwartz (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.57~~*		Amendment dated January 23, 2019 to Employment and Post-Covenants Agreement dated as of February 9, 2015 between Burger King Corporation and Daniel Schwartz (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.58~~*		Amendment dated January 23, 2019 to Employment and Post-Covenants Agreement dated as of February 9, 2015 between The TDL Group Corp. and Daniel Schwartz (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.58 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.59~~*		Amendment dated January 23, 2019 to Employment and Post-Covenants Agreement dated as of February 9, 2015 between Restaurant Brands International Inc. and Joshua Kobza (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.60~~*		Amendment dated January 23, 2019 to Employment and Post-Covenants Agreement dated as of February 9, 2015 between Burger King Corporation and Joshua Kobza (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.61~~*		Amendment dated January 23, 2019 to Employment and Post-Covenants Agreement dated as of February 9, 2015 between The TDL Group Corp. and Joshua Kobza (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

~~10.62~~*		Form of Performance Award Agreement under Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.62 to the Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. filed on April 29, 2019).

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc., as general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc., as general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc., as general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc., as general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




	RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
	By:	Restaurant Brands International Inc., its general partner

Date: ~~April 29, 2019~~May 1, 2020	By:	/s/ Matthew Dunnigan
		Name:	Matthew Dunnigan
		Title:	Chief Financial Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. (principal financial officer) (duly authorized officer)

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	As Reported			Total				Adjusted
	December 31, 2018			Adjustments				January 1, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	913		$	—			$	913
Accounts and notes receivable, net	452			—				452
Inventories, net	75			—				75
Prepaids and other current assets	60			—				60
Total current assets	1,500			—				1,500
Property and equipment, net	1,996			26			(a)	2,022
Operating lease assets	—			1,143			(b)	1,143
Intangible assets, net	10,463			(133		)	(c)	10,330
Goodwill	5,486			—				5,486
Net investment in property leased to franchisees	54			—				54
Other assets, net	642			—				642
Total assets	$	20,141		$	1,036			$	21,177
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts and drafts payable	$	513		$	—			$	513
Other accrued liabilities	637			114			(e)	751
Gift card liability	167			—				167
Current portion of long term debt and finance leases	91			—				91
Total current liabilities	1,408			114				1,522
Term debt, net of current portion	11,823			(65		)	(f)	11,758
Finance leases, net of current portion	226			62			(f)	288
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	—			1,028			(g)	1,028
Other liabilities, net	1,547			(132		)	(d)	1,415
Deferred income taxes, net	1,519			8			(h)	1,527
Total liabilities	16,523			1,015				17,538
Partners' capital:
Class A common units	4,323			12			(i)	4,335
Partnership exchangeable units	730			9			(i)	739
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,437		)	—				(1,437		)
Total Partners' capital	3,616			21				3,637
Noncontrolling interests	2			—				2
Total equity	3,618			21				3,639
Total liabilities and equity	$	20,141		$	1,036			$	21,177



	As of
	March 31, 2019
Land	$	912
Buildings and improvements	1,127
Restaurant equipment	18
	2,057
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(415		)
Property and equipment leased, net	$	1,642



	As of
	March 31, 2019
Future rents to be received:
Future minimum lease receipts	$	57
Contingent rents (a)	25
Estimated unguaranteed residual value	16
Unearned income	(32		)
	66
Current portion included within accounts receivables	(16		)
Net investment in property leased to franchisees	$	50



	Three months ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	53
Operating lease variable lease cost	50
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	7
Interest on lease liabilities	5
Sublease income	(155		)
Total lease cost (income)	$	(40	)



Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	47
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	5
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	7
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease obligations	$	1
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$	30



	Lease Receipts				Lease Commitments (a)
	Direct Financing Leases		Operating Leases		Finance Leases			Operating Leases
Remainder of 2019	$	11	$	314	$	35		$	143
2020	10		396		45			183
2021	7		371		43			171
2022	5		346		42			158
2023	5		324		39			144
Thereafter	19		1,821		264			909
Total minimum receipts / payments	$	57	$	3,572	468			1,708
Less amount representing interest (b)					(155		)	(543		)
Present value of minimum lease payments					313			1,165
Current portion of lease obligations					(26		)	(119		)
Long-term portion of lease obligations					$	287		$	1,046



Contract Liabilities	TH			BK			PLK		Consolidated
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	62		$	405		$	19	$	486
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year	(2		)	(9		)	—		(11		)
Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	2			5			1		8
Impact of foreign currency translation	1			(4		)	—		(3		)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	63		$	397		$	20	$	480