UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022


☐			Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-36777


JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Bermuda						98-0585280
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Wellesley House, 2nd Floor, 90 Pitts Bay Road, Pembroke HM08, Bermuda

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(441) 278-4580

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Names of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares, par value $0.0002 per share

JRVR

NASDAQ

Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No x

Number of shares of the registrant's common shares outstanding at ~~August 2, 2021: 37,275,736~~July 29, 2022: 37,450,264

James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

Form 10-Q

Index


		Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets —June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020~~2021	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive ~~Income~~ (Loss)— Income—Three and Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021	7

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity—Three and Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021	8

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021	10

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3032

	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	3134

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	5357

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	5357

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	5357
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	5458
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	5958
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	5958
Item 4.	Mine Safety ~~Disclosure~~Disclosures	5958
Item 5.	Other Information	5958
Item 6.	Exhibits	5958

Signatures		6059

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements may be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You may identify forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report by the use of words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans”, “seeks” and “believes,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may” and “could.” These forward-looking statements include, among others, all statements relating to our future financial performance, our business prospects and strategy, anticipated financial position and financial strength ratings, liquidity and capital needs and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict.

Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report as a result of various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, among others:

•the inherent uncertainty of estimating reserves and the possibility that incurred losses may be greater than our loss and loss adjustment expense reserves;

•inaccurate estimates and judgments in our risk management may expose us to greater risks than intended;

•the downgrade in the financial strength rating of our regulated insurance subsidiaries announced May 7, 2021, or further downgrades, impacting our ability to attract and retain insurance and reinsurance business that our subsidiaries write, our competitive position, and our financial condition;

•the potential loss of key members of our management team or key employees, and our ability to attract and retain personnel;

•adverse economic factors resulting in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in the frequency or severity of claims, or both;

•a persistent high inflationary environment could have a negative impact on our reserves, the values of our investments and investment returns, and our compensation expenses;

•exposure to credit risk, interest rate risk and other market risk in our investment portfolio;

•reliance on a select group of brokers and agents for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships;

•reliance on a select group of customers for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain, or decision to terminate, such relationships;

•our ability to obtain reinsurance coverage at prices and on terms that allow us to transfer risk and adequately protect our Company against financial loss;

•losses resulting from reinsurance counterparties failing to pay us on reinsurance claims, insurance companies with whom we have a fronting arrangement failing to pay us for claims, or a former customer with whom we have an indemnification arrangement failing to perform ~~their~~its reimbursement obligations;

•inadequacy of premiums we charge to compensate us for our losses incurred;

•changes in laws or government regulation, including tax or insurance law and regulations;

•the ongoing effect of Public Law No. 115-97, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which may have a significant effect on us including, among other things, by potentially increasing our tax rate, as well as on our shareholders;

•in the event we do not qualify for the insurance company exception to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules and are therefore considered a PFIC, there could be material adverse tax consequences to an investor that is subject to U.S. federal income taxation;

•the Company or any of its foreign subsidiaries becoming subject to U.S. federal income taxation;

•a failure of any of the loss limitations or exclusions we utilize to shield us from unanticipated financial losses or legal exposures, or other liabilities;

•losses from catastrophic events, such as natural disasters and terrorist acts, which substantially exceed our expectations and/or exceed the amount of reinsurance we have purchased to protect us from such events;

•the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated government actions on our operations and financial performance;

•potential effects on our business of emerging claim and coverage issues;

•~~exposure to credit risk, interest rate risk and other market risk in our investment portfolio;~~

•the potential impact of internal or external fraud, operational errors, systems malfunctions or cyber security incidents;

•our ability to manage our growth effectively;

•failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); ~~and~~

•changes in our financial condition, regulations or other factors that may restrict our subsidiaries’ ability to pay us ~~dividends.~~dividends; and

•other risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Additional information about these risks and uncertainties, as well as others that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, is contained in ~~Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in this Quarterly Report, and~~ our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ~~("SEC"~~(“SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2021 filed with the SEC on ~~February 26, 2021.~~March 1, 2022.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. Except as expressly required under federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not have any obligation, and do not undertake, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date of this Quarterly Report, whether as a result of new information or future events or otherwise. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by us, or on our behalf. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

Table of Contents

PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


		(Unaudited) June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020			(Unaudited) June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Assets	Assets					Assets
Invested assets:	Invested assets:					Invested assets:

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2021 – $1,783,267; 2020 – $1,690,890)		$	1,845,054	$	1,783,642
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2022 – $1,728,217; 2021 – $1,643,865)						Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2022 – $1,728,217; 2021 – $1,643,865)	$	1,597,695	$	1,677,561

Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2021 – $84,909; 2020 – $81,698)		95,346		88,975
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2022 – $97,018; 2021 – $95,783)						Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2022 – $97,018; 2021 – $95,783)	98,653		108,410
Bank loan participations, at fair value	Bank loan participations, at fair value	165,217		147,604		Bank loan participations, at fair value	159,885		156,043
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	39,663		130,289		Short-term investments	130,435		136,563
Other invested assets	Other invested assets	57,003		46,548		Other invested assets	51,348		51,908
Total invested assets	Total invested assets	2,202,283		2,197,058		Total invested assets	2,038,016		2,130,485

Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	360,931		162,260		Cash and cash equivalents	350,740		190,123
Restricted cash equivalents	Restricted cash equivalents	723,525		859,920		Restricted cash equivalents	102,099		102,005
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	11,399		10,980		Accrued investment income	11,834		11,037
Premiums receivable and agents’ balances, net	Premiums receivable and agents’ balances, net	413,647		369,577		Premiums receivable and agents’ balances, net	374,465		393,967
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses, net	Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses, net	935,561		805,684		Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses, net	1,570,885		1,348,628
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses	Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses	52,932		46,118		Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses	106,509		82,235
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	Prepaid reinsurance premiums	287,936		243,741		Prepaid reinsurance premiums	300,890		291,498
Deferred policy acquisition costs	Deferred policy acquisition costs	67,286		62,953		Deferred policy acquisition costs	60,651		68,526
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net	36,220		36,402		Intangible assets, net	35,857		36,039
Goodwill	Goodwill	181,831		181,831		Goodwill	181,831		181,831
Other assets	Other assets	118,265		86,548		Other assets	131,498		112,176
Total assets	Total assets	$	5,391,816	$	5,063,072	Total assets	$	5,265,275	$	4,948,550

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)


		(Unaudited) June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020			(Unaudited) June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(in thousands, except share amounts)					(in thousands, except share amounts)
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity					Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:	Liabilities:					Liabilities:
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses	Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	2,447,002	$	2,192,080	Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	2,730,631	$	2,748,473
Unearned premiums	Unearned premiums	709,479		630,371		Unearned premiums	723,062		727,552
Payables to reinsurers	Payables to reinsurers	144,147		110,431		Payables to reinsurers	155,645		135,617
Funds held	Funds held	723,525		859,920		Funds held	353,685		97,360
Senior debt	Senior debt	262,300		262,300		Senior debt	222,300		262,300
Junior subordinated debt	Junior subordinated debt	104,055		104,055		Junior subordinated debt	104,055		104,055
Accrued expenses	Accrued expenses	55,317		55,989		Accrued expenses	55,047		57,920
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	87,492		52,318		Other liabilities	181,566		89,911
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	4,533,317		4,267,464		Total liabilities	4,525,991		4,223,188
Commitments and contingent liabilities	Commitments and contingent liabilities	0		0		Commitments and contingent liabilities	0		0
Series A redeemable preferred shares – 2022 and 2021: $0.00125 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 150,000 and no shares issued and outstanding, respectively						Series A redeemable preferred shares – 2022 and 2021: $0.00125 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 150,000 and no shares issued and outstanding, respectively	144,898		—
Shareholders’ equity:	Shareholders’ equity:					Shareholders’ equity:
Common Shares – 2021 and 2020: $0.0002 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 37,275,562 and 30,649,261 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		7		6
Preferred Shares – 2021 and 2020: $0.00125 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding		0		0
Common shares – 2022 and 2021: $0.0002 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 37,450,264 and 37,373,066 shares issued and outstanding, respectively						Common shares – 2022 and 2021: $0.0002 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 37,450,264 and 37,373,066 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	7		7
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	857,916		664,476		Additional paid-in capital	865,081		862,040
Retained (deficit) earnings		(53,993)		49,227
Accumulated other comprehensive income		54,569		81,899
Retained deficit						Retained deficit	(156,109)		(166,663)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income						Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(114,593)		29,978
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	858,499		795,608		Total shareholders’ equity	594,386		725,362
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	5,391,816	$	5,063,072
Total liabilities, Series A redeemable preferred shares, and shareholders’ equity						Total liabilities, Series A redeemable preferred shares, and shareholders’ equity	$	5,265,275	$	4,948,550

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive (Loss) Income ~~(Loss)~~ (Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands, except share amounts)													(in thousands, except share amounts)
Revenues	Revenues									Revenues
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	380,146	$	301,639	$	753,401	$	585,480	Gross written premiums	$	399,714	$	380,146	$	759,650	$	753,401
Ceded written premiums	Ceded written premiums	(186,542)		(135,882)		(385,198)		(285,069)		Ceded written premiums	(205,023)		(186,542)		(389,100)		(385,198)
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	193,604		165,757		368,203		300,411		Net written premiums	194,691		193,604		370,550		368,203
Change in net unearned premiums	Change in net unearned premiums	(20,899)		(16,942)		(34,905)		(5,678)		Change in net unearned premiums	(8,429)		(20,899)		5,536		(34,905)
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	172,705		148,815		333,298		294,733		Net earned premiums	186,262		172,705		376,086		333,298
Net investment income	Net investment income	14,348		15,350		29,437		36,186		Net investment income	14,705		14,348		30,972		29,437
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments		3,483		21,593		9,755		(36,814)
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments										Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments	(17,110)		3,483		(22,120)		9,755
Other income	Other income	1,031		991		2,057		2,928		Other income	949		1,031		1,816		2,057
Total revenues	Total revenues	191,567		186,749		374,547		297,033		Total revenues	184,806		191,567		386,754		374,547
Expenses	Expenses									Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	110,000		98,746		383,500		195,602		Losses and loss adjustment expenses	121,369		110,000		256,977		383,500
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	45,840		43,397		93,221		95,018		Other operating expenses	49,036		45,840		99,097		93,221
Other expenses	Other expenses	904		1,732		1,525		1,732		Other expenses	—		904		368		1,525
Interest expense	Interest expense	2,249		2,965		4,465		5,841		Interest expense	4,049		2,249		6,341		4,465
Amortization of intangible assets	Amortization of intangible assets	91		149		182		298		Amortization of intangible assets	91		91		182		182
Total expenses	Total expenses	159,084		146,989		482,893		298,491		Total expenses	174,545		159,084		362,965		482,893
Income (loss) before taxes	Income (loss) before taxes	32,483		39,760		(108,346)		(1,458)		Income (loss) before taxes	10,261		32,483		23,789		(108,346)
Income tax expense (benefit)	Income tax expense (benefit)	11,640		4,146		(25,729)		(257)		Income tax expense (benefit)	2,597		11,640		5,920		(25,729)
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	20,843		35,614		(82,617)		(1,201)		Net income (loss)	7,664		20,843		17,869		(82,617)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gains (losses), net of taxes of $2,013 and $(3,635) in 2021 and $6,927 and $5,535 in 2020		15,358		46,313		(27,330)		42,394
Total comprehensive income (loss)		$	36,201	$	81,927	$	(109,947)	$	41,193
Per share data:
Basic earnings (loss) per share		$	0.61	$	1.17	$	(2.54)	$	(0.04)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share		$	0.60	$	1.16	$	(2.54)	$	(0.04)
Dividend declared per share		$	0.30	$	0.30	$	0.60	$	0.60
Dividends on Series A preferred shares										Dividends on Series A preferred shares	(2,625)		—		(3,500)		—
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders										Net income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	5,039	$	20,843	$	14,369	$	(82,617)

Other comprehensive (loss) income:										Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized (losses) gains, net of taxes of $(7,998) and $(19,648) in 2022 and $2,013 and $(3,635) in 2021										Net unrealized (losses) gains, net of taxes of $(7,998) and $(19,648) in 2022 and $2,013 and $(3,635) in 2021	(58,600)		15,358		(144,571)		(27,330)
Total comprehensive (loss) income										Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(50,936)	$	36,201	$	(126,702)	$	(109,947)

Net income (loss) per common share:										Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic										Basic	$	0.13	$	0.61	$	0.38	$	(2.54)
Diluted										Diluted	$	0.13	$	0.60	$	0.38	$	(2.54)
Dividend declared per common share										Dividend declared per common share	$	0.05	$	0.30	$	0.10	$	0.60
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:	Weighted-average common shares outstanding:									Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	Basic	34,418,472		30,529,241		32,576,463		30,502,774		Basic	37,449,621		34,418,472		37,428,385		32,576,463
Diluted	Diluted	34,586,997		30,782,609		32,576,463		30,502,774		Diluted	37,732,371		34,586,997		37,643,634		32,576,463

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

Number of
Common
Shares
Outstanding Common
Shares (Par) Preferred
Shares Additional
Paid-in
Capital Retained
(Deficit) Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income Total
(in thousands, except share amounts)
Balances at March 31, 2021 30,774,930 $ 6 $ 0 $ 663,987 $ (63,576) $ 39,211 $ 639,628
Net income — — — — 20,843 — 20,843
Other comprehensive income — — — — — 15,358 15,358
Dividends — — — — (11,260) — (11,260)
Issuance of common shares 6,497,500 1 — 192,106 — — 192,107
Vesting of RSUs 3,132 — — (39) — — (39)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans — — — 1,862 — — 1,862
Balances at June 30, 2021 37,275,562 $ 7 $ 0 $ 857,916 $ (53,993) $ 54,569 $ 858,499
Balances at December 31, 2020 30,649,261 $ 6 $ 0 $ 664,476 $ 49,227 $ 81,899 $ 795,608
Net loss — — — — (82,617) — (82,617)
Other comprehensive loss — — — — — (27,330) (27,330)
Dividends — — — — (20,603) — (20,603)
Issuance of common shares 6,497,500 1 — 192,106 — — 192,107
Exercise of stock options 16,471 — — 159 — — 159
Vesting of RSUs 112,330 — — (2,592) — — (2,592)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans — — — 3,767 — — 3,767
Balances at June 30, 2021 37,275,562 $ 7 $ 0 $ 857,916 $ (53,993) $ 54,569 $ 858,499


	Number of Common Shares Outstanding	Common Shares (Par)		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Total
	(in thousands, except share amounts)
Balances at March 31, 2022	37,448,314	$	7	$	862,904	$	(159,241)	$	(55,993)	$	647,677
Net income	—	—		—		7,664		—		7,664
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(58,600)		(58,600)

Vesting of RSUs	1,950	—		(19)		—		—		(19)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		2,196		—		—		2,196
Dividends on Series A preferred shares	—	—		—		(2,625)		—		(2,625)
Dividends on common shares	—	—		—		(1,907)		—		(1,907)
Balances at June 30, 2022	37,450,264	$	7	$	865,081	$	(156,109)	$	(114,593)	$	594,386

Balances at December 31, 2021	37,373,066	$	7	$	862,040	$	(166,663)	$	29,978	$	725,362
Net income	—	—		—		17,869		—		17,869
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(144,571)		(144,571)

Vesting of RSUs	77,198	—		(941)		—		—		(941)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		3,982		—		—		3,982
Dividends on Series A preferred shares	—	—		—		(3,500)		—		(3,500)
Dividends on common shares	—	—		—		(3,815)		—		(3,815)
Balances at June 30, 2022	37,450,264	$	7	$	865,081	$	(156,109)	$	(114,593)	$	594,386

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

Number of
Common
Shares
Outstanding Common
Shares (Par) Preferred
Shares Additional
Paid-in
Capital Retained
Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income Total
(in thousands, except share amounts)
Balances at March 31, 2020 30,520,428 $ 6 $ 0 $ 657,704 $ 35,412 $ 27,195 $ 720,317
Net income — — — — 35,614 — 35,614
Other comprehensive income — — — — — 46,313 46,313
Dividends — — — — (9,256) — (9,256)
Exercise of stock options 29,141 — — 838 — — 838
Vesting of RSUs 3,609 — — (25) — — (25)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans — — — 1,910 — — 1,910
Balances at June 30, 2020 30,553,178 $ 6 $ 0 $ 660,427 $ 61,770 $ 73,508 $ 795,711
Balances at December 31, 2019 30,424,391 $ 6 $ 0 $ 657,875 $ 89,586 $ 31,114 $ 778,581
Net loss — — — — (1,201) — (1,201)
Other comprehensive income — — — — — 42,394 42,394
Dividends — — — — (18,523) — (18,523)
Exercise of stock options 29,141 — — 838 — — 838
Vesting of RSUs 99,646 — — (2,063) — — (2,063)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans — — — 3,777 — — 3,777
Cumulative effect of fair value option election — — — — (7,827) — (7,827)
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 — — — (265) — (265)
Balances at June 30, 2020 30,553,178 $ 6 $ 0 $ 660,427 $ 61,770 $ 73,508 $ 795,711


	Number of Common Shares Outstanding	Common Shares (Par)		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained (Deficit) Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total
	(in thousands, except share amounts)
Balances at March 31, 2021	30,774,930	$	6	$	663,987	$	(63,576)	$	39,211	$	639,628
Net income	—	—		—		20,843		—		20,843
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		15,358		15,358
Issuance of common shares	6,497,500	1		192,106		—		—		192,107

Vesting of RSUs	3,132	—		(39)		—		—		(39)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		1,862		—		—		1,862
Dividends on common shares	—	—		—		(11,260)		—		(11,260)
Balances at June 30, 2021	37,275,562	$	7	$	857,916	$	(53,993)	$	54,569	$	858,499

Balances at December 31, 2020	30,649,261	$	6	$	664,476	$	49,227	$	81,899	$	795,608
Net loss	—	—		—		(82,617)		—		(82,617)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(27,330)		(27,330)
Issuance of common shares	6,497,500	1		192,106		—		—		192,107
Exercise of stock options	16,471	—		159		—		—		159
Vesting of RSUs	112,330	—		(2,592)		—		—		(2,592)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		3,767		—		—		3,767
Dividends on common shares	—	—		—		(20,603)		—		(20,603)
Balances at June 30, 2021	37,275,562	$	7	$	857,916	$	(53,993)	$	54,569	$	858,499

See accompanying notes.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


		Six Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020			2022		2021
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Operating activities	Operating activities					Operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities (a)		$	(93,003)	$	(136,231)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (a)						Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (a)	$	139,321	$	(93,003)
Investing activities	Investing activities					Investing activities
Securities available-for-sale:	Securities available-for-sale:					Securities available-for-sale:
Purchases – fixed maturity securities	Purchases – fixed maturity securities	(273,016)		(368,975)		Purchases – fixed maturity securities	(351,715)		(273,016)
Sales – fixed maturity securities	Sales – fixed maturity securities	36,591		9,432		Sales – fixed maturity securities	158,469		36,591
Maturities and calls – fixed maturity securities	Maturities and calls – fixed maturity securities	142,895		92,395		Maturities and calls – fixed maturity securities	109,184		142,895
Purchases – equity securities	Purchases – equity securities	(10,326)		(9,993)		Purchases – equity securities	(6,751)		(10,326)
Sales – equity securities	Sales – equity securities	6,734		3,295		Sales – equity securities	5,171		6,734
Bank loan participations:	Bank loan participations:					Bank loan participations:
Purchases	Purchases	(71,011)		(24,107)		Purchases	(59,450)		(71,011)
Sales	Sales	36,059		103,933		Sales	32,679		36,059
Maturities	Maturities	23,713		17,238		Maturities	11,360		23,713
Other invested assets:	Other invested assets:					Other invested assets:
Purchases	Purchases	(10,545)		(438)		Purchases	—		(10,545)
Return of capital	Return of capital	336		251		Return of capital	998		336
Redemptions		0		13,612

Short-term investments, net	Short-term investments, net	90,626		60,660		Short-term investments, net	6,128		90,626
Securities receivable or payable, net	Securities receivable or payable, net	16,229		19,098		Securities receivable or payable, net	22,042		16,229
Purchases of property and equipment	Purchases of property and equipment	(1,876)		(211)		Purchases of property and equipment	(3,175)		(1,876)
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(13,591)		(83,810)		Net cash used in investing activities	(75,060)		(13,591)
Financing activities	Financing activities					Financing activities
Senior debt issuances		0		119,000

Senior debt repayments	Senior debt repayments	0		(60,000)		Senior debt repayments	(40,000)		—
Dividends paid		(20,804)		(18,645)
Issuance of common shares - public offering (Note 12)		192,107		0
Issuance of Series A preferred shares						Issuance of Series A preferred shares	144,898		—
Issuance of common shares - public offering						Issuance of common shares - public offering	—		192,107
Issuance of common shares under equity incentive plans	Issuance of common shares under equity incentive plans	329		838		Issuance of common shares under equity incentive plans	—		329
Common share repurchases	Common share repurchases	(2,762)		(2,063)		Common share repurchases	(941)		(2,762)
Dividends on Series A preferred shares						Dividends on Series A preferred shares	(3,500)		—
Dividends on common shares						Dividends on common shares	(4,007)		(20,804)

Net cash provided by financing activities	Net cash provided by financing activities	168,870		39,130		Net cash provided by financing activities	96,450		168,870
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents	Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents	62,276		(180,911)		Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents	160,711		62,276
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,022,180		1,406,076		Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	292,128		1,022,180
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents at end of period	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,084,456	$	1,225,165	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents at end of period	$	452,839	$	1,084,456
Supplemental information	Supplemental information					Supplemental information
Interest paid	Interest paid	$	4,716	$	6,526	Interest paid	$	5,455	$	4,716

Restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	Restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	859,920	$	1,199,164	Restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	102,005	$	859,920
Restricted cash equivalents at end of period	Restricted cash equivalents at end of period	$	723,525	$	1,020,856	Restricted cash equivalents at end of period	$	102,099	$	723,525
Change in restricted cash equivalents	Change in restricted cash equivalents	$	(136,395)	$	(178,308)	Change in restricted cash equivalents	$	94	$	(136,395)

(a) Cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 ~~and 2020~~ primarily ~~reflect $136.4 million and $178.3 million, respectively, of~~reflects restricted cash equivalents returned to a former insured, per the terms of a collateral ~~trust (see~~ trust. See “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Amounts Recoverable from an Indemnifying Party in and Reinsurer on Legacy Commercial Auto Book~~Liquidity and Capital Resources~~)”. Excluding the ~~reduction in the collateral funds,~~restricted cash activity above, cash provided by operating activities was ~~$43.4~~$139.2 million and ~~$42.1~~$43.4 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020,~~2021, respectively.

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Accounting Policies

Organization

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (referred to as “JRG Holdings” or, with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is an exempted holding company registered in Bermuda, organized for the purpose of acquiring and managing insurance and reinsurance entities.

The Company owns 5 insurance companies based in the United States (“U.S.”) focused on specialty insurance niches and 2 Bermuda-based reinsurance companies as described below:

•James River Group Holdings UK Limited (“James River UK”) is an insurance holding company formed in 2015 in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). JRG Holdings contributed James River Group, Inc. (“James River Group”), a U.S. insurance holding company, to James River UK in 2015.

▪•James River Group is a Delaware domiciled insurance holding company formed in 2002 which owns all of the Company’s U.S.-based subsidiaries, either directly or indirectly through one of its wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries. James River Group oversees the Company’s U.S. insurance operations and maintains all of the outstanding debt in the U.S.

◦•James River Insurance Company is an Ohio domiciled excess and surplus lines insurance company that, with its wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, James River Casualty Company, a Virginia domiciled company, is authorized to write business in every state and the District of Columbia.

◦•Falls Lake National Insurance Company (“Falls Lake National”) is an Ohio domiciled insurance company which wholly owns Stonewood Insurance Company (“Stonewood Insurance”), a North Carolina domiciled company, and Falls Lake Fire and Casualty Company, a California domiciled company. Falls Lake National and its subsidiaries primarily write specialty admitted fronting and program business and individual risk workers' compensation insurance.

◦•JRG Reinsurance Company Ltd. (“JRG Re”) was formed in 2007 and commenced operations in 2008. JRG Re, a Bermuda domiciled reinsurer, primarily provides non-catastrophe casualty reinsurance to U.S. third parties and, through December 31, 2017, to the Company’s U.S.-based insurance subsidiaries.

◦•Carolina Re Ltd (“Carolina Re”) was formed in 2018 and as of January 1, 2018 provides reinsurance to the Company’s U.S.-based insurance subsidiaries. Carolina Re iswas also the cedent on an aggregate stop loss reinsurance treaty with JRG ~~Re.~~Re through December 31, 2021.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and do not contain all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its subsidiaries from their respective dates of inception or acquisition, as applicable. Readers are urged to review the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2021 for a more complete description of the Company’s business and accounting policies. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consist only of normal recurring items. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the full year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, ~~2020~~2021 was derived from the Company’s audited annual consolidated financial statements.

Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Estimates and Assumptions

Preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Those estimates are inherently subject to change, and actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Variable Interest Entities

Entities that do not have sufficient equity at risk to allow the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support or in which the equity investors, as a group, do not have the characteristic of a controlling financial interest are referred to as variable interest entities (“VIE”). A VIE is consolidated by the variable interest holder that is determined to have the controlling financial interest (primary beneficiary) as a result of having both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of an entity subject to consolidation based on a qualitative assessment of the VIE’s capital structure, contractual terms, nature of the VIE’s operations and purpose, and the Company’s relative exposure to the related risks of the VIE on the date it becomes initially involved in the VIE. The Company reassesses its VIE determination with respect to an entity on an ongoing basis.

The Company holds interests in VIEs through certain equity method investments included in “other invested assets” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has determined that it should not consolidate any of the VIEs as it is not the primary beneficiary in any of the relationships. Although the investments resulted in the Company holding variable interests in the entities, they did not empower the Company to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities. The Company’s investments related to these VIEs totaled ~~$29.1~~$28.6 million and ~~$30.1~~$26.9 million at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively, representing the Company’s maximum exposure to loss.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate fluctuates from period to period based on the relative mix of income reported by country and the respective tax rates imposed by each tax jurisdiction. For U.S.-sourced income, the Company’s U.S. federal income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income before taxes due primarily to interest income on tax-advantaged state and municipal securities, dividends received income, and excess tax benefits on share based compensation. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, our U.S. federal income tax expense was 24.9% of the income before taxes. The effective rate exceeded the 21.0% U.S. statutory rate due to a projected annual loss in Bermuda that does not provide a tax benefit and certain discreet items including excess tax expenses associated with vested restricted share units (“RSUs”) in the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company had a pre-tax loss of $108.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and recorded a U.S. federal income tax benefit of $25.7 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, our U.S. federal income tax benefit was 23.7% of the loss before taxes. The pre-tax loss was largely driven by the $166.7 million of net adverse reserve development on prior accident years, including $161.2 million of net adverse development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment that was primarily related to a former commercial auto account. ~~For~~

Adopted Accounting Standards

In August 2020, the ~~six months ended June 30, 2021,~~FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock and became effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted the new standard concurrent with the issuance of our ~~U.S. federal income tax benefit was 23.7%~~Series A preferred shares on March 1, 2022. Under ASU 2020-06, embedded conversion features are no longer separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. The new guidance also requires entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments in the diluted earnings per share calculation and generally requires them to include the effect of potential share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares. Adoption of the ~~loss before taxes. The outbreak~~new standard did not materially impact our financial position, results of ~~the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 led to significant unrealized losses in our investment portfolio that were recognized in earnings. As a result, the Company had a pre-tax loss of $1.5 million~~operations, or earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and recorded a U.S. federal income tax benefit of $257,000. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our U.S. federal income tax benefit was 17.6% of the loss before taxes. The change in effective tax rate for the two periods reflects changes in reserve estimates between accident years in the commercial auto business, and the related impact on the mix of income reported by country in those respective periods.

2022.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Investments

The Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows:


		Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value			Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
June 30, 2021
June 30, 2022										June 30, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	State and municipal	$	337,445	$	16,397	$	(684)	$	353,158	State and municipal	$	340,365	$	938	$	(38,898)	$	302,405
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	282,773		4,373		(1,165)		285,981		Residential mortgage-backed	312,407		392		(22,244)		290,555
Corporate	Corporate	742,324		37,134		(2,983)		776,475		Corporate	656,466		215		(49,860)		606,821
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	332,316		8,372		(747)		339,941		Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	340,434		4		(18,234)		322,204

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	88,409		1,322		(232)		89,499		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	78,545		31		(2,866)		75,710

Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,783,267	$	67,598	$	(5,811)	$	1,845,054	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,728,217	$	1,580	$	(132,102)	$	1,597,695
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021										December 31, 2021
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	State and municipal	$	277,241	$	19,203	$	(39)	$	296,405	State and municipal	$	323,773	$	12,156	$	(2,212)	$	333,717
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	286,104		7,784		(40)		293,848		Residential mortgage-backed	246,586		2,384		(2,339)		246,631
Corporate	Corporate	715,145		52,098		(421)		766,822		Corporate	711,930		26,119		(5,714)		732,335
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	314,911		12,611		(803)		326,719		Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	301,247		4,941		(1,700)		304,488

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	97,489		2,360		(1)		99,848		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	60,329		653		(592)		60,390

Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,690,890	$	94,056	$	(1,304)	$	1,783,642	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,643,865	$	46,253	$	(12,557)	$	1,677,561

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 are summarized, by contractual maturity, as follows:


		Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value			Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
One year or less	One year or less	$	122,086	$	123,390	One year or less	$	65,952	$	65,352
After one year through five years	After one year through five years	469,124		491,034		After one year through five years	431,295		414,082
After five years through ten years	After five years through ten years	321,114		332,544		After five years through ten years	325,615		289,925
After ten years	After ten years	255,854		272,164		After ten years	252,514		215,577
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	282,773		285,981		Residential mortgage-backed	312,407		290,555
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	332,316		339,941		Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	340,434		322,204

Total	Total	$	1,783,267	$	1,845,054	Total	$	1,728,217	$	1,597,695

Actual maturities may differ for some securities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table shows the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:


		Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total					Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
		(in thousands)													(in thousands)
June 30, 2021
June 30, 2022														June 30, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:													Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	State and municipal	$	49,220	$	(684)	$	0	$	0	$	49,220	$	(684)	State and municipal	$	264,848	$	(37,476)	$	6,707	$	(1,422)	$	271,555	$	(38,898)
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	126,896		(1,157)		219		(8)		127,115		(1,165)		Residential mortgage-backed	207,169		(16,405)		45,750		(5,839)		252,919		(22,244)
Corporate	Corporate	133,327		(2,983)		0		0		133,327		(2,983)		Corporate	475,416		(37,398)		68,605		(12,462)		544,021		(49,860)
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	90,552		(729)		2,727		(18)		93,279		(747)		Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	288,044		(16,986)		23,225		(1,248)		311,269		(18,234)

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	24,126		(232)		0		0		24,126		(232)		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	48,446		(1,212)		17,100		(1,654)		65,546		(2,866)

Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	424,121	$	(5,785)	$	2,946	$	(26)	$	427,067	$	(5,811)	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,283,923	$	(109,477)	$	161,387	$	(22,625)	$	1,445,310	$	(132,102)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021														December 31, 2021
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:													Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	State and municipal	$	7,193	$	(39)	$	0	$	0	$	7,193	$	(39)	State and municipal	$	93,313	$	(2,162)	$	1,150	$	(50)	$	94,463	$	(2,212)
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	3,649		(40)		0		0		3,649		(40)		Residential mortgage-backed	140,386		(2,337)		147		(2)		140,533		(2,339)
Corporate	Corporate	28,607		(421)		0		0		28,607		(421)		Corporate	179,078		(4,232)		18,635		(1,482)		197,713		(5,714)
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	18,427		(447)		38,802		(356)		57,229		(803)		Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	159,289		(1,695)		1,229		(5)		160,518		(1,700)

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	2,291		(1)		0		0		2,291		(1)		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	24,378		(592)		—		—		24,378		(592)

Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	60,167	$	(948)	$	38,802	$	(356)	$	98,969	$	(1,304)	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	596,444	$	(11,018)	$	21,161	$	(1,539)	$	617,605	$	(12,557)

At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company held fixed maturity securities of ~~135~~528 issuers that were in an unrealized loss position with a total fair value of ~~$427.1~~$1,445.3 million and gross unrealized losses of ~~$5.8~~$132.1 million. None of the fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses has ever missed, or been delinquent on, a scheduled principal or interest payment. At June 30, ~~2021, 99.5%~~2022, 99.6% of the Company’s fixed maturity security portfolio was rated “BBB-” or better (“investment grade”) by Standard & Poor’s or received an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. Fixed maturity securities with ratings below investment grade by Standard & Poor’s or another nationally recognized rating agency at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 had an aggregate fair value of ~~$10.1~~$6.7 million and an aggregate net unrealized ~~gain~~loss of ~~$113,000.~~$237,000.

The Company ~~adopted ASU 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~ ~~on January 1, 2020. This update changed the impairment model for~~reviews its available-for-sale fixed maturities ~~and requires the Company~~ to determine whether unrealized losses ~~on available-for-sale fixed maturities~~ are due to credit-related factors. An allowance for credit losses is established for any credit-related impairments, limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recognized in earnings and included in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments. Unrealized losses that are not credit-related ~~continue to be~~are recognized in other comprehensive income.

The Company considers the extent to which fair value is below amortized cost in determining whether a credit-related loss exists. The Company also considers the credit quality rating of the security, with a special emphasis on securities downgraded below investment grade. A comparison is made between the present value of expected future cash flows for a security and its amortized cost. If the present value of future expected cash flows is less than amortized cost, a credit loss is presumed to exist and an allowance for credit losses is established. Management may conclude that a qualitative analysis is sufficient to support its conclusion that the present value of the expected cash flows equals or exceeds a security’s amortized cost. As a result of this review, management concluded that there were no credit-related impairments of fixed maturity securities at June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, or June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. Management does not intend to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company elected the fair value option in accounting for bank loan participations effective January 1, 2020. The targeted transition relief offered by ASU 2019-05, ~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief~~ ~~was applied to elect the fair value option to account for bank loan participations already held at the January 1, 2020 date of adoption. Under the fair value option, bank~~Bank loan participations are measured at fair value pursuant to the Company's election of the fair value option, and changes in unrealized gains and losses in bank loan participations are reported in our income statement as net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments. At adoption on January 1, 2020, the Company applied the amendments on a modified retrospective basis, reducing the carrying value of its bank loan portfolio to fair value through an $8.4 million adjustment with a $7.8 million (net of tax) cumulative effect adjustment to reduce retained earnings.

Applying the fair value option to the bank loan portfolio increases volatility in the Company's financial statements, but management believes it is less subjective and less burdensome to implement and maintain than the requirements of ASU ~~2016-13, which would have otherwise been required.~~2016-13. At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company's bank loan portfolio had an aggregate fair value of ~~$165.2~~$159.9 million and unpaid principal of ~~$170.2~~$175.8 million. Investment income on bank loan participations included in net investment income was ~~$2.5~~$2.7 million and $5.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively ($2.5 million and $5.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, ~~respectively ($3.1~~respectively). Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments includes losses of $9.9 million and ~~$7.3~~$12.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020, respectively). Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments includes gains~~2022, respectively (gains of ~~$2.3~~$1.9 million and ~~$6.3~~$5.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, ~~respectively, related to changes in unrealized gains and losses on bank loan participations (gains of $26.6 million and losses of $17.4 million in the~~ respectively)~~three and six~~ ~~months ended June 30, 2020, respectively)~~. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, management concluded that ~~NaN~~none of the unrealized losses ~~were due to credit-related impairments. Management concluded that $2.8 million and $7.8 million of unrealized losses in the~~ ~~three and six~~ ~~months ended June 30, 2020, respectively,~~ were due to credit-related impairments. Losses due to credit-related impairments are determined based upon consultations and advice from the Company's specialized investment manager and consideration of any adverse situations that could affect the borrower's ability to repay, the estimated value of underlying collateral, and other relevant factors.

Bank loan participations generally provide a higher yield than our portfolio of fixed maturities and have a credit rating that is below investment grade (i.e. below “BBB-” for Standard & Poor’s) at the date of purchase. These bank loans are primarily senior, secured floating-rate debt rated “BB”, “B”, or “CCC” by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. These bank loans include assignments of, and participations in, performing and non-performing senior corporate debt generally acquired through primary bank syndications and in secondary markets. Bank loans consist of, but are not limited to, term loans, the funded and unfunded portions of revolving credit loans, and other similar loans and investments. Management believed that it was probable at the time that these loans were acquired that the Company would be able to collect all contractually required payments receivable.

Interest income on bank loan participations is accrued on the unpaid principal balance, and discounts and premiums on bank loan participations are amortized to income using the interest method. Generally, the accrual of interest on a bank loan participation is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest. A bank loan participation may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. Generally, bank loan participations are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is reported as investment income. There were no bank loans on nonaccrual status at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 or December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The Company’s net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments are summarized as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
Gross realized gains	Gross realized gains	$	135	$	305	$	1,191	$	521	Gross realized gains	$	1,332	$	135	$	1,698	$	1,191
Gross realized losses	Gross realized losses	(2)		0		(23)		(1)		Gross realized losses	(278)		(2)		(442)		(23)
		133		305		1,168		520			1,054		133		1,256		1,168
Bank loan participations:	Bank loan participations:									Bank loan participations:
Gross realized gains	Gross realized gains	120		230		318		332		Gross realized gains	18		120		113		318
Gross realized losses	Gross realized losses	(523)		(9,669)		(783)		(10,978)		Gross realized losses	(122)		(523)		(306)		(783)
Changes in fair values of bank loan participations	Changes in fair values of bank loan participations	2,340		26,570		6,250		(17,377)		Changes in fair values of bank loan participations	(9,791)		2,340		(11,800)		6,250
		1,937		17,131		5,785		(28,023)			(9,895)		1,937		(11,993)		5,785
Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Gross realized gains	Gross realized gains	82		0		111		0		Gross realized gains	5		82		29		111
Gross realized losses	Gross realized losses	(94)		0		(495)		(170)		Gross realized losses	—		(94)		(381)		(495)
Changes in fair values of equity securities	Changes in fair values of equity securities	1,415		4,046		3,160		(9,269)		Changes in fair values of equity securities	(8,250)		1,415		(10,992)		3,160
		1,403		4,046		2,776		(9,439)			(8,245)		1,403		(11,344)		2,776
Short-term investments and other:	Short-term investments and other:									Short-term investments and other:
Gross realized gains	Gross realized gains	0		31		5		50		Gross realized gains	—		—		—		5
Gross realized losses	Gross realized losses	0		0		0		(2)		Gross realized losses	(24)		—		(39)		—
Changes in fair values of short-term investments and other	Changes in fair values of short-term investments and other	10		80		21		80		Changes in fair values of short-term investments and other	—		10		—		21
		10		111		26		128			(24)		10		(39)		26
Total	Total	$	3,483	$	21,593	$	9,755	$	(36,814)	Total	$	(17,110)	$	3,483	$	(22,120)	$	9,755

Realized investment gains or losses are determined on a specific identification basis.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The Company invests selectively in private debt and equity opportunities. These investments, which together comprise the Company’s other invested assets, are primarily focused in renewable energy, limited partnerships, and bank holding companies.


		Carrying Value				Investment Income									Carrying Value				Investment Income
		June 30,		December 31,		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					June 30,		December 31,		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)													(in thousands)
Renewable energy LLCs (a)	Renewable energy LLCs (a)	$	29,094	$	30,145	$	129	$	12	$	(786)	$	846	Renewable energy LLCs (a)
Excess and Surplus Lines														Excess and Surplus Lines	$	25,736	$	24,211	$	81	$	—	$	2,361	$	—
Corporate & Other														Corporate & Other	2,853		2,709		15		129		259		(786)
															28,589		26,920		96		129		2,620		(786)
Renewable energy notes receivable (b)	Renewable energy notes receivable (b)	9,000		0		270		101		504		267		Renewable energy notes receivable (b)
Excess and Surplus Lines														Excess and Surplus Lines	2,329		2,329		70		120		140		224
Corporate & Other														Corporate & Other	2,911		2,911		87		150		174		280
															5,240		5,240		157		270		314		504
Limited partnerships (c)	Limited partnerships (c)	14,409		11,903		349		245		1,278		(324)		Limited partnerships (c)
Excess and Surplus Lines														Excess and Surplus Lines	11,318		13,098		(828)		241		(696)		416
Corporate & Other														Corporate & Other	1,701		2,150		—		108		—		862
															13,019		15,248		(828)		349		(696)		1,278
Bank holding companies (d)	Bank holding companies (d)	4,500		4,500		86		86		172		172		Bank holding companies (d)
Excess and Surplus Lines														Excess and Surplus Lines	4,500		4,500		86		29		172		29
Corporate & Other														Corporate & Other	—		—		—		57		—		143
															4,500		4,500		86		86		172		172
Total other invested assets	Total other invested assets	$	57,003	$	46,548	$	834	$	444	$	1,168	$	961	Total other invested assets
Excess and Surplus Lines														Excess and Surplus Lines	43,883		44,138		(591)		390		1,977		669
Corporate & Other														Corporate & Other	7,465		7,770		102		444		433		499
															$	51,348	$	51,908	$	(489)	$	834	$	2,410	$	1,168

(a)The Company's Excess and Surplus Lines and Corporate and Other ~~segment owns~~segments own equity interests ranging from 2.6% to 32.6% in various LLCs whose principal objective is capital appreciation and income generation from owning and operating renewable energy production facilities (wind and solar). The LLCs are managed by an entity for which two former directors served as officers, and the Company’s Non-Executive Chairman has invested in certain of these LLCs. The equity method is used to account for the Company’s LLC investments. Income for the LLCs primarily reflects adjustments to the carrying values of investments in renewable energy projects to their determined fair values. The fair value adjustments are included in revenues for the LLCs. Expenses for the LLCs are not significant and are comprised of administrative and interest expenses. ~~During the three months ended~~ ~~June 30, 2021, the Company transferred$26.3 million of its investments in the LLCs from the~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

Corporate and Other segment to the Excess and Surplus Lines segment. At June 30, 2021, the Company's Corporate and Other segment holds investments in the LLCs with a total carrying value of $2.8 million. The Company recognized investment losses of $786,000 and income of $846,000 for the ~~six months ended June 30, 2021 and~~ ~~2020,~~ ~~respectively.~~ The Company received cash distributions from these investments totaling ~~$266,000~~$951,000 and ~~$747,000~~$266,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, ~~and 2020,~~ respectively. ~~The Company's Excess and Surplus Lines segment holds investments in the LLCs with a total carrying value of $26.3 million at June 30, 2021.~~

(b)The Company's Excess and Surplus Lines and Corporate and Other segments have invested in notes receivable for renewable energy projects. At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company held ~~two~~2 notes issued by an entity for which two of our former directors serve as officers. Interest on the notes, which mature in 2025, is fixed at 12%. ~~Income from the notes was $504,000 and $267,000 for the~~ ~~six months ended~~ ~~June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively ($224,000 and $0 for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment and $280,000 and $267,000 for the Corporate and Other segment in the respective periods).~~

(c)The Company owns investments in limited partnerships that invest in concentrated portfolios including publicly-traded small cap equities, loans of middle market private equity sponsored companies, private equity general partnership interests, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and tranches of distressed home loans. Income from the partnerships is recognized under the equity method of accounting. ~~During the three months ended~~ ~~June 30, 2021, the Company transferred $5.1 million of its investments in the limited partnerships from the Corporate and Other segment to the Excess and Surplus Lines segment.~~ The Company’s Corporate and Other segment holds investments in limited partnerships with a total carrying value of $3.6 million at June 30, 2021. The Company recognized investment income of $862,000 and investment losses of $201,000 on these investments in the Corporate and Other segment for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and ~~2020,~~ respectively. The Company’s Excess and Surplus Lines segment holds investments in limited partnerships with a total carrying value of $10.8 million at June 30, 2021. Investment income of $416,000 and investment losses of $123,000 were recognized on the investments in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and ~~2020, respectively.~~ At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company’s Excess and Surplus Lines segment has outstanding commitments to invest another ~~$7.2~~$5.3 million in these limited partnerships.

(d)The Company's Excess and Surplus Lines segment holds $4.5 million of subordinated notes issued by a bank holding company for which the Company’s Non-Executive Chairman was previously the Lead Independent Director and an investor and for which one of the Company’s directors ~~was~~is also an investor ~~and is currently a holder of the subordinated notes~~ (the "Bank Holding Company"). ~~During the three months ended~~ ~~June 30, 2021, the Company transferred ownership of the subordinated notes from the Corporate and Other segment to the Excess and Surplus Lines segment.~~ Interest on the notes, which mature on August 12, 2023, is fixed at 7.6% per annum. ~~Interest income on the notes was $172,000 for both six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.~~

At December 31, 2020, the Company held an investment in a CLO where one of the underlying loans was issued by the Bank Holding Company. The investment, with a carrying value of $520,000 at December 31, 2020, was classified as an available-for-sale fixed maturity. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company received the final principal repayment for the investment.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

3. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

On December 11, 2007, the Company completed an acquisition of James River Group by acquiring 100% of the outstanding shares of James River Group common stock, referred to herein as the “Merger”. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and goodwill and intangible assets were recognized by the Company as a result of the transaction. Goodwill resulting from the Merger was $181.8 million at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization for each major specifically identifiable intangible asset class were as follows:


			June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020						June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
		Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
			($ in thousands)										($ in thousands)
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets										Intangible Assets
Trademarks	Trademarks	Indefinite	$	22,200	$	—	$	22,200	$	—	Trademarks	Indefinite	$	22,200	$	—	$	22,200	$	—
Insurance licenses and authorities	Insurance licenses and authorities	Indefinite	8,964		—		8,964		—		Insurance licenses and authorities	Indefinite	8,964		—		8,964		—
Identifiable intangibles not subject to amortization	Identifiable intangibles not subject to amortization		31,164		—		31,164		—		Identifiable intangibles not subject to amortization		31,164		—		31,164		—
Broker relationships	Broker relationships	24.6	11,611		6,555		11,611		6,373		Broker relationships	24.6	11,611		6,918		11,611		6,736
Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization	Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization		11,611		6,555		11,611		6,373		Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization		11,611		6,918		11,611		6,736
			$	42,775	$	6,555	$	42,775	$	6,373			$	42,775	$	6,918	$	42,775	$	6,736

4. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The following represents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share computations contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)									(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Net income (loss) to shareholders		$	20,843	$	35,614	$	(82,617)	$	(1,201)
Net income (loss)										Net income (loss)	$	7,664	$	20,843	$	17,869	$	(82,617)
Less: Dividends on Series A preferred shares										Less: Dividends on Series A preferred shares	(2,625)		—		(3,500)		—
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders										Net income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	5,039	$	20,843	$	14,369	$	(82,617)

Weighted average common shares outstanding:	Weighted average common shares outstanding:									Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	Basic	34,418,472		30,529,241		32,576,463		30,502,774		Basic	37,449,621		34,418,472		37,428,385		32,576,463
Common share equivalents		168,525		253,368		0		0
Dilutive potential common shares										Dilutive potential common shares	282,750		168,525		215,249		—
Diluted	Diluted	34,586,997		30,782,609		32,576,463		30,502,774		Diluted	37,732,371		34,586,997		37,643,634		32,576,463

Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per common share:										Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic	Basic	$	0.61	$	1.17	$	(2.54)	$	(0.04)	Basic	$	0.13	$	0.61	$	0.38	$	(2.54)
Common share equivalents		(0.01)		(0.01)		0		0
Dilutive potential common shares										Dilutive potential common shares	—		(0.01)		—		—
Diluted	Diluted	$	0.60	$	1.16	$	(2.54)	$	(0.04)	Diluted	$	0.13	$	0.60	$	0.38	$	(2.54)

For the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021, c~~2022, potential common shares ~~ommon share equivalents~~ of ~~131,193~~5,928,132 and 4,089,627, respectively (131,193 and 237,618 ~~respectively (0 and 281,405~~ in the respective prior year periods), were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share as their effects were anti-dilutive.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

5. Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances for losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance, to the gross amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses ~~for all periods~~ are presented gross of ~~a $335,000~~an allowance for credit ~~losses.~~losses on reinsurance balances of $601,000 at June 30, 2022, $604,000 at March 31, 2022, $631,000 at December 31, 2021, and $335,000 at June 30, 2021, March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020.


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at beginning of period	Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at beginning of period	$	1,534,779	$	1,351,689	$	1,386,061	$	1,377,461	Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at beginning of period	$	1,131,700	$	1,534,779	$	1,399,214	$	1,386,061
Add: Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance:	Add: Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance:									Add: Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance:
Current year	Current year	113,450		97,620		216,816		193,602		Current year	122,945		113,450		251,749		216,816
Prior years	Prior years	(3,450)		1,126		166,684		2,000		Prior years	(1,576)		(3,450)		5,228		166,684
Total incurred losses and loss and adjustment expenses	Total incurred losses and loss and adjustment expenses	110,000		98,746		383,500		195,602		Total incurred losses and loss and adjustment expenses	121,369		110,000		256,977		383,500
Deduct: Loss and loss adjustment expense payments net of reinsurance:	Deduct: Loss and loss adjustment expense payments net of reinsurance:									Deduct: Loss and loss adjustment expense payments net of reinsurance:
Current year	Current year	7,263		2,337		10,456		6,609		Current year	6,832		7,263		9,606		10,456
Prior years	Prior years	126,410		108,564		247,999		226,920		Prior years	92,765		126,410		193,620		247,999
Total loss and loss adjustment expense payments	Total loss and loss adjustment expense payments	133,673		110,901		258,455		233,529		Total loss and loss adjustment expense payments	99,597		133,673		203,226		258,455
Deduct: Loss reserves ceded in Retrocession Agreement										Deduct: Loss reserves ceded in Retrocession Agreement	—		—		299,493		—
Add: Changes in reinsurance recoverable of Retrocession Agreement unrelated to net reserve activity										Add: Changes in reinsurance recoverable of Retrocession Agreement unrelated to net reserve activity	5,673		—		5,673		—
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at end of period	Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at end of period	1,511,106		1,339,534		1,511,106		1,339,534		Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at end of period	1,159,145		1,511,106		1,159,145		1,511,106
Add: Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	Add: Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	935,896		727,437		935,896		727,437		Add: Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	1,571,486		935,896		1,571,486		935,896
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses gross of reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses gross of reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	$	2,447,002	$	2,066,971	$	2,447,002	$	2,066,971	Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses gross of reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	$	2,730,631	$	2,447,002	$	2,730,631	$	2,447,002

The Company experienced $1.6 million of net favorable reserve development in the three months ended June 30, 2022 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2021. This reserve development included $32,000 of net favorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $1.5 million of net favorable development in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and no development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

The Company experienced $3.5 million of net favorable reserve development in the three months ended June 30, 2021 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2020. This reserve development included $7.5 million of net favorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $1.0 million of net favorable development in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $5.0 million of net adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

The Company experienced ~~$1.1~~$5.2 million of net adverse reserve development in the ~~three~~six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2022 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, ~~2019.~~2021. This reserve development included ~~$2.8 million~~$91,000 of net favorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, ~~$1.0~~$1.5 million of net favorable development in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, ~~due to favorable development in the workers' compensation business for prior accident years,~~ and ~~$5.0~~$6.8 million of net adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment that was associated with the Retrocession Agreement (as defined below).

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(b) continues to manage and retain the benefit of other third-party reinsurance on the Subject Business; (c) paid FRL a reinsurance premium of $335.0 million, $310.0 million of which JRG Re credited to a notional funds withheld account (the “Funds Withheld Account”) and $25.0 million of which was paid in cash to FRL; and (d) pays FRL a 2% per annum crediting rate on the Funds Withheld Account balance on a quarterly basis. The total premium, initial Funds Withheld Account credit, and aggregate limit was adjusted for claims paid from October 1, 2021 to the Retrocession Closing Date. The Casualty Reinsurance segment incurred losses of $11.5 million (including $6.8 million of net adverse reserve development and $4.7 million of current accident year losses) in the three months ended March 31, 2022 associated with the Retrocession Agreement.

The Company experienced $166.7 million of net adverse reserve development in the six months ended June 30, 2021 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2020. This reserve development included $161.2 million of net adverse development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, including $170.0 million on commercial auto business, almost entirely related to a previously canceled account that has been in runoff since 2019. The reported losses on this terminated commercial auto account meaningfully exceeded our expectations for the three months ended March 31, 2021. We had expected that reported losses would decline as the account moved further into runoff, but the continued heavy reported loss emergence in the first quarter of 2021 indicated more inherent severity than anticipated. In response, we meaningfully adjusted our actuarial methodology, resulting in a significant strengthening of reserves for this account at March 31, 2021. In prior quarters, our actuarial work for this terminated commercial auto account had been based on industry data, pricing data, experience data, average claims severity data, and blended methodologies. However, the continuation of the highly elevated reported losses in the first quarter of 2021 led us to conclude that using only our own loss experience in our paid and incurred reserve projections rather than the array of inputs that we had used in prior quarters, and giving greater weight to incurred methods, would give us a better estimate of ultimate losses on this account. Loss emergence on the terminated commercial auto account in the three months ended June 30, 2021 was in line with our expectations, and accordingly, no additional reserve development was taken in the second quarter of 2021. The Company also experienced $2.0 million of net favorable development in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment due to favorable development in the workers' compensation business for prior accident years, and $7.5 million of net adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

6. Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The following table summarizes the components of other comprehensive (loss) income:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period, before U.S. income taxes	$	(65,544)	$	17,504	$	(162,963)	$	(29,797)
U.S. income taxes	7,777		(2,018)		19,385		3,435
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period, net of U.S. income taxes	(57,767)		15,486		(143,578)		(26,362)
Less reclassification adjustment:
Net realized investment gains	1,054		133		1,256		1,168
U.S. income taxes	(221)		(5)		(263)		(200)
Reclassification adjustment for investment gains realized in net income	833		128		993		968
Other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(58,600)	$	15,358	$	(144,571)	$	(27,330)

The Company's invested assets at June 30, 2022 include $1,597.7 million of fixed maturity securities that are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses on these securities reported, net of applicable taxes, as a separate component of accumulated comprehensive (loss) income. In the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the fair values of our fixed maturity securities were negatively impacted by rising interest rates leading to unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive loss.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

development was taken in the second quarter of 2021. The Company also experienced $2.0 million of net favorable development in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $7.5 million of net adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

The Company experienced $2.0 million of net adverse reserve development in the six months ended June 30, 2020 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2019. This reserve development included $2.9 million of net favorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $2.0 million of net favorable development in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment due to favorable development in the workers' compensation business for prior accident years, and $6.9 million of net adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

~~6. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~

~~The following table summarizes the components of other comprehensive income (loss):~~

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in thousands)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, before U.S. income taxes $ 17,504 $ 53,545 $ (29,797) $ 48,449
U.S. income taxes (2,018) (6,937) 3,435 (5,559)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of U.S. income taxes 15,486 46,608 (26,362) 42,890
Less reclassification adjustment:
Net realized investment gains 133 305 1,168 520
U.S. income taxes (5) (10) (200) (24)
Reclassification adjustment for investment gains realized in net income 128 295 968 496
Other comprehensive income (loss) $ 15,358 $ 46,313 $ (27,330) $ 42,394

In addition to the ~~$133,000~~$1.1 million and ~~$1.2~~$1.3 million of net realized investment gains on available-for-sale fixed maturities for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021, respectively ($305,000~~2022 ($133,000 and ~~$520,000 of net realized investment gains~~$1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020, respectively)~~2021, respectively), the Company also recognized net realized and unrealized investment ~~gains~~ (losses) ~~of $1.9 million and $5.8 million~~gains in the respective periods of $(9.9) million and $(12.0) million on its investments in bank loan participations ($~~17.1~~1.9 million and ~~$(28.0)~~$5.8 million in the respective prior year periods) and ~~$1.4~~$(8.2) million and $(11.3) million on its investments in equity securities ($1.4 million and $2.8 million in the respective ~~periods on its investments in equity securities ($4.0 million and $(9.4) million in the respective~~ prior year periods). that was largely related to preferred stock holdings.

7. Contingent Liabilities

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial matters and litigation regarding insurance claims arising in the ordinary course of business as well as an alleged class action lawsuit. In addition, the Company is involved from time to time in legal actions which seek extra-contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties, including claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. The Company believes that the outcome of such matters, individually and in the aggregate, is not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On July 9, 2021 a purported class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia (the "Court") by Employees' Retirement Fund of the City of Fort Worth against James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and certain of its present and former officers (together, "Defendants"). On September 22, 2021, the Court entered an order appointing Employees' Retirement Fund of the City of Fort Worth and the City of Miami General Employees' and Sanitation Employees' Retirement Trust as co-lead plaintiffs (together, "Plaintiffs"). Plaintiffs' consolidated amended complaint was filed on November 19, 2021 (the "Amended Complaint"), which asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 on behalf of a putative class of persons and entities that purchased the Company's stock between February 22, 2019 and October 25, 2021. The Amended Complaint alleges that Defendants failed to make appropriate disclosures concerning the adequacy of reserves for policies that covered Rasier LLC, a subsidiary of Uber Technologies, Inc., and seeks unspecified damages, costs, attorneys’ fees and such other relief as the court may deem proper. The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on January 18, 2022. Plaintiffs’ opposition to the motion to dismiss was filed on March 4, 2022, and the Defendants’ reply to the Plaintiff's opposition was filed on April 4, 2022. On July 13, 2022, Plaintiffs filed a notice with the Court stating that they intend to seek leave to file an amended complaint no later than August 25, 2022. We believe that Plaintiffs’ claims are without merit and we intend to vigorously defend this lawsuit.

For a description of the potential future impacts of COVID-19 on the Company, see the “The global coronavirus outbreak could harm business and results of operations of the Company” risk factor in Part I—Item IA in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

The Company’s reinsurance subsidiary, JRG Re, ~~has~~ entered into 3 letter of credit facilities with banks as security to third-party reinsureds on reinsurance assumed by JRG Re. JRG Re has established custodial accounts to secure these letters of credit. Under a ~~$75.0~~$30.0 million facility, ~~$7.0~~$4.6 million of letters of credit were issued through June 30, ~~2021~~2022 which were secured by deposits of ~~$9.6~~$9.1 million. Under a $102.5 million facility, ~~$89.5~~$38.2 million of letters of credit were issued through June 30, ~~2021~~2022 which were secured by deposits of ~~$115.0~~$46.6 million. Under a $100.0 million facility, ~~$15.1~~$22.6 million of letters of credit were issued through June 30, ~~2021~~2022 which were secured by deposits of ~~$28.3~~$30.0 million. JRG Re has also established trust accounts to secure its obligations to selected reinsureds. The total amount deposited in the trust accounts for the benefit of third-party reinsureds was ~~$316.6~~$417.4 million at June 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

~~The~~Amounts Recoverable from an Indemnifying Party and Reinsurer on Legacy Commercial Auto Book

James River Insurance Company and James River Casualty Company (together, “James River”) previously issued a set of commercial auto insurance contracts (the “Rasier Commercial Auto Policies”) to Rasier LLC and its affiliates (collectively, “Rasier”) under which ~~the Company~~James River pays losses and loss adjustment expenses on the contracts. ~~The Company~~James River has indemnity agreements with Rasier (non-insurance entities) (collectively, the “Indemnity Agreements”) and is contractually entitled to ~~receive~~ reimbursement for ~~a significant~~the portion of the losses and loss adjustment expenses paid on behalf of Rasier under the Rasier Commercial Auto Policies and other expenses incurred by James River. On September 27, 2021, James River entered into a loss portfolio transfer reinsurance agreement (the “LPT Agreement”) with Aleka Insurance, Inc. (“Aleka”), a captive insurance company affiliate of Rasier, to reinsure substantially all of the ~~Company.~~ Rasier Commercial Auto Policies for which James River is ~~required~~not otherwise indemnified by Rasier under the Indemnity Agreements. Under the terms of the LPT Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2021, James River ceded to Aleka approximately $345.1 million of commercial auto liabilities relating to Rasier Commercial Auto Policies written in the years 2013-2019, which amount constituted the reinsurance premium.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Each of Rasier and Aleka are required to post collateral under the Indemnity Agreements and the LPT Agreement, respectively:

~~collateralize all amounts currently due~~•Pursuant to the ~~Company and~~Indemnity Agreements, Rasier is required to ~~provide additional~~post collateral ~~sufficient~~equal to ~~cover~~102% of James River's estimate of the amounts that are recoverable or may be recoverable under the indemnity agreements, including, among other things, case loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, IBNR loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, extra contractual obligations and excess of policy limits liabilities. The collateral is provided through a collateral trust arrangement ~~established~~(the “Indemnity Trust”) in favor of James River by Aleka. In connection with the ~~Company by a captive insurance company affiliate of Rasier.As of June 30, 2021, the cash equivalent collateral held in the collateral trust arrangement was approximately $820.8 million, of which approximately~~ ~~$97.3 million~~ ~~is held in a collateral trust account established in favor~~execution of the ~~Company, and $723.5~~LPT Agreement, James River returned $691.3 million to the Indemnity Trust, representing the remaining balance of ~~which remains from~~ the amount withdrawn ~~from the collateral trust account~~ in October of 2019, as was permitted under ~~our~~the indemnification agreements with Rasier and the associated trust agreement. At June 30, 2022, the balance in the Indemnity Trust was $374.3 million, and, together with the balance of the Loss Fund Trust (as defined below) attributable to the Indemnity Agreements as described below, the total balance of collateral securing Rasier’s obligations under the Indemnity Agreements was $443.4 million.

•Pursuant to the LPT Agreement, Aleka is required to post collateral equal to 102% of James River's estimate of Aleka's obligations under the LPT Agreement, calculated in accordance with statutory accounting principles. The collateral is provided through a collateral trust arrangement (the “LPT Trust”) established in favor of James River by Aleka. At June 30, 2022, the balance in the LPT Trust was $165.4 million, and, together with the balance of the Loss Fund Trust (as defined below) attributable to the LPT Agreement as described below, the total balance of collateral securing Aleka’s obligations under the LPT Agreement was $193.6 million. At June 30, 2022, the total reinsurance recoverables under the LPT Agreement was $188.9 million (including $170.3 million of unpaid recoverables and $18.6 million of paid recoverables).

In connection with the execution of the LPT Agreement, James River and Aleka entered into an administrative services agreement (the “Administrative Services Agreement”) with a third party claims administrator (the “Administrator”) pursuant to which the Administrator handles the claims on the Rasier Commercial Auto Policies for the remaining life of those claims. The claims paid by the Administrator are reimbursable by James River, and ~~is currently held on our balance sheet. The~~pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, James River established a loss fund trust account for the benefit of the Administrator (the “Loss Fund Trust”) to collateralize its claims payment reimbursement obligations. James River funds the Loss Fund Trust using funds withdrawn from the ~~trust account, currently invested~~Indemnity Trust, funds withdrawn from the LPT Trust, and its own funds, in ~~short term securities~~each case in an amount equal to the pro rata portion of the required Loss Fund Trust balance attributable to the Indemnity Agreements, the LPT Agreement and ~~included~~James River’s existing third party reinsurance agreements, respectively. At June 30, 2022, the balance in the Loss Fund Trust was $102.1 million, including $69.2 million representing collateral supporting Rasier’s obligations under the Indemnity Agreements and $28.2 million representing collateral supporting Aleka’s obligations under the LPT Agreement. Funds posted to the Loss Fund Trust are classified as restricted cash equivalents on the Company's ~~condensed consolidated~~ balance ~~sheet, will be used~~sheets.

While the LPT Agreement brings economic finality to ~~reimburse~~substantially all of the Rasier Commercial Auto Policies, the Company ~~for~~has credit exposure to Rasier and Aleka under the Indemnity Agreements and the LPT Agreement if the estimated losses and expenses of the Rasier Commercial Auto Policies grow at a faster pace than the growth in our collateral balances. In addition, we have credit exposure if our estimates of future losses and loss adjustment expenses ~~paid on behalf of Rasier~~ and other ~~related expenses incurred by the Company to the extent not paid as required~~amounts recoverable under the ~~indemnity agreements.~~Indemnity Agreements and the LPT Agreement, which are the basis for establishing the collateral balances, are lower than actual amounts paid or payable. The amount of our credit exposure in any of these instances could be material. To mitigate these risks, we closely and frequently monitor our exposure compared to our collateral held, and we request additional collateral in accordance with the terms of the LPT Agreement and Indemnity Agreements when our analysis indicates that we have uncollateralized exposure.

8. Segment Information

The Company has 4 reportable segments: the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, the Casualty Reinsurance segment, and the Corporate and Other segment. Segment profit (loss) is measured by underwriting profit (loss), which is generally defined as net earned premiums and gross fee income (in specific instances when the Company is not retaining insurance risk) in “other income” in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive (loss) income ~~(loss)~~ less loss and loss adjustment expenses and other operating expenses of the operating segments. Gross fee income of $900,000 and $1.7 million for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment was included in other income and in underwriting profit (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively ($954,000 and $1.9 million in the respective prior year periods). Segment results are reported prior to the effects of intercompany reinsurance agreements among the Company’s insurance subsidiaries.

~~Gross fee income included in other income and underwriting profit (loss) is summarized in the table below:~~

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 0 $ 296 $ 0 $ 1,571
Specialty Admitted Insurance 954 448 1,881 784
Total $ 954 $ 744 $ 1,881 $ 2,355

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table summarizes the Company’s segment results:


		Excess and Surplus Lines		Specialty Admitted Insurance		Casualty Reinsurance		Corporate and Other		Total			Excess and Surplus Lines		Specialty Admitted Insurance		Casualty Reinsurance		Corporate and Other		Total
		(in thousands)											(in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022												Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	214,014	$	129,189	$	36,943	$	0	$	380,146	Gross written premiums	$	266,635	$	124,967	$	8,112	$	—	$	399,714
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	117,945		18,595		36,165		0		172,705		Net earned premiums	137,884		18,141		30,237		—		186,262
Underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments		26,917		2,138		(3,321)		0		25,734
Underwriting profit of operating segments												Underwriting profit of operating segments	22,334		1,252		2,059		—		25,645
Net investment income	Net investment income	3,473		766		9,707		402		14,348		Net investment income	3,298		934		10,441		32		14,705
Interest expense	Interest expense	0		0		0		2,249		2,249		Interest expense	—		—		1,327		2,722		4,049
Segment revenues	Segment revenues	124,018		21,093		45,987		469		191,567		Segment revenues	131,659		19,187		33,854		106		184,806
Segment goodwill	Segment goodwill	181,831		0		0		0		181,831		Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—		—		181,831
Segment assets	Segment assets	2,211,469		1,034,622		2,120,625		25,100		5,391,816		Segment assets	2,096,138		1,135,839		1,999,687		33,611		5,265,275

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021												Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	186,994	$	88,440	$	26,205	$	0	$	301,639	Gross written premiums	$	214,014	$	129,189	$	36,943	$	—	$	380,146
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	100,849		14,392		33,574		0		148,815		Net earned premiums	117,945		18,595		36,165		—		172,705
Underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments		16,095		1,430		(2,637)		0		14,888
Underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments												Underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments	26,917		2,138		(3,321)		—		25,734
Net investment income												Net investment income	3,473		766		9,707		402		14,348
Interest expense												Interest expense	—		—		—		2,249		2,249
Segment revenues												Segment revenues	124,018		21,093		45,987		469		191,567
Segment goodwill												Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—		—		181,831
Segment assets												Segment assets	2,211,469		1,034,622		2,120,625		25,100		5,391,816

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022												Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Gross written premiums												Gross written premiums	$	470,917	$	250,677	$	38,056	$	—	$	759,650
Net earned premiums												Net earned premiums	269,185		37,459		69,442		—		376,086
Underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments												Underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments	43,791		1,461		(6,778)		—		38,474
Net investment income	Net investment income	3,336		812		10,534		668		15,350		Net investment income	8,840		1,691		20,154		287		30,972
Interest expense	Interest expense	0		0		0		2,965		2,965		Interest expense	—		—		1,342		4,999		6,341
Segment revenues	Segment revenues	113,343		15,870		56,794		742		186,749		Segment revenues	265,051		39,550		81,725		428		386,754
Segment goodwill	Segment goodwill	181,831		0		0		0		181,831		Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—		—		181,831
Segment assets	Segment assets	2,304,169		838,753		1,808,921		57,358		5,009,201		Segment assets	2,096,138		1,135,839		1,999,687		33,611		5,265,275

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021											Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	395,372	$	256,225	$	101,804	$	0	$	753,401	Gross written premiums	$	395,372	$	256,225	$	101,804	$	—	$	753,401
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	231,653		34,952		66,693		0		333,298		Net earned premiums	231,653		34,952		66,693		—		333,298
Underwriting (loss) profit of insurance segments		(124,029)		3,404		(4,946)		0		(125,571)
Underwriting (loss) profit of operating segments												Underwriting (loss) profit of operating segments	(124,029)		3,404		(4,946)		—		(125,571)
Net investment income	Net investment income	7,179		1,588		20,263		407		29,437		Net investment income	7,179		1,588		20,263		407		29,437
Interest expense	Interest expense	0		0		0		4,465		4,465		Interest expense	—		—		—		4,465		4,465
Segment revenues	Segment revenues	242,814		39,658		91,504		571		374,547		Segment revenues	242,814		39,658		91,504		571		374,547
Segment goodwill	Segment goodwill	181,831		0		0		0		181,831		Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—		—		181,831
Segment assets	Segment assets	2,211,469		1,034,622		2,120,625		25,100		5,391,816		Segment assets	2,211,469		1,034,622		2,120,625		25,100		5,391,816

Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Gross written premiums		$	323,191	$	191,242	$	71,047	$	0	$	585,480
Net earned premiums		200,588		27,675		66,470		0		294,733
Underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments		24,207		442		(2,430)		0		22,219
Net investment income		11,277		1,740		22,138		1,031		36,186
Interest expense		0		0		0		5,841		5,841
Segment revenues		197,172		28,543		70,074		1,244		297,033
Segment goodwill		181,831		0		0		0		181,831
Segment assets		2,304,169		838,753		1,808,921		57,358		5,009,201

2223

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table reconciles the underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments by individual segment to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Underwriting profit (loss) of the insurance segments:
Underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments:										Underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments:
Excess and Surplus Lines	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	26,917	$	16,095	$	(124,029)	$	24,207	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	22,334	$	26,917	$	43,791	$	(124,029)
Specialty Admitted Insurance	Specialty Admitted Insurance	2,138		1,430		3,404		442		Specialty Admitted Insurance	1,252		2,138		1,461		3,404
Casualty Reinsurance	Casualty Reinsurance	(3,321)		(2,637)		(4,946)		(2,430)		Casualty Reinsurance	2,059		(3,321)		(6,778)		(4,946)
Total underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments		25,734		14,888		(125,571)		22,219
Total underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments										Total underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments	25,645		25,734		38,474		(125,571)
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	(7,915)		(7,472)		(15,971)		(15,751)		Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	(8,888)		(7,915)		(16,762)		(15,971)
Underwriting profit (loss)	Underwriting profit (loss)	17,819		7,416		(141,542)		6,468		Underwriting profit (loss)	16,757		17,819		21,712		(141,542)
Net investment income	Net investment income	14,348		15,350		29,437		36,186		Net investment income	14,705		14,348		30,972		29,437
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments		3,483		21,593		9,755		(36,814)
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments										Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments	(17,110)		3,483		(22,120)		9,755
Amortization of intangible assets	Amortization of intangible assets	(91)		(149)		(182)		(298)		Amortization of intangible assets	(91)		(91)		(182)		(182)
Other income and expenses	Other income and expenses	(827)		(1,485)		(1,349)		(1,159)		Other income and expenses	49		(827)		(252)		(1,349)
Interest expense	Interest expense	(2,249)		(2,965)		(4,465)		(5,841)		Interest expense	(4,049)		(2,249)		(6,341)		(4,465)
Income (loss) before income taxes	Income (loss) before income taxes	$	32,483	$	39,760	$	(108,346)	$	(1,458)	Income (loss) before income taxes	$	10,261	$	32,483	$	23,789	$	(108,346)

9. Other Operating Expenses and Other Expenses

Other operating expenses consist of the following:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Amortization of policy acquisition costs	Amortization of policy acquisition costs	$	23,403	$	21,629	$	44,878	$	45,746	Amortization of policy acquisition costs	$	23,188	$	23,403	$	46,025	$	44,878
Other underwriting expenses of the operating segments	Other underwriting expenses of the operating segments	14,522		14,296		32,372		33,521		Other underwriting expenses of the operating segments	16,960		14,522		36,310		32,372
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	7,915		7,472		15,971		15,751		Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	8,888		7,915		16,762		15,971
Total	Total	$	45,840	$	43,397	$	93,221	$	95,018	Total	$	49,036	$	45,840	$	99,097	$	93,221

Other expenses of ~~$904,000~~$— and ~~$1.5 million~~$368,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 ~~include employee severance costs,~~, respectively ($904,000 and $1.5 million in the respective prior year periods), primarily consist of certain nonoperating expenses including legal fees related to a purported class action lawsuit, legal and other professional fees related to the Company's May 2021 common share offering and ~~certain legal and professional consulting fees related to~~ various strategic ~~initiatives. Other expenses of $1.7 million for the three~~initiatives, and ~~six~~ ~~months ended June 30, 2020~~ ~~consist of~~ employee severance costs.

10. Fair Value Measurements

Three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value of financial instruments: (1) Level 1: quoted price (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets, (2) Level 2: inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument, and (3) Level 3: inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable for the asset or liability.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The fair values of fixed maturity securities, equity securities, and bank loan participations have been determined using fair value prices provided by the ~~Company's~~Company’s investment accounting services provider or investment managers, who utilize internationally recognized independent pricing services. The prices provided by the independent pricing services are generally based on observable market data in active markets (e.g. broker quotes and prices observed for comparable securities). Values for U.S. Treasury and publicly-traded equity securities are generally based on Level 1 inputs which use the market approach ~~valuation technique. The values for all other fixed maturity securities (including state and municipal securities and obligations~~

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

valuation technique. The values for all other fixed maturity securities (including state and municipal securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies) and bank loan participations generally incorporate significant Level 2 inputs, and in some cases, Level 3 inputs, using the market approach and income approach valuation techniques. There have been no changes in the Company’s use of valuation techniques since December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

The Company reviews fair value prices provided by its outside investment accounting service provider or investment managers for reasonableness by comparing the fair values provided by the managers to those provided by its investment custodian. The Company also reviews and monitors changes in unrealized gains and losses. The Company has not historically adjusted security prices. The Company obtains an understanding of the methods, models and inputs used by the investment managers and independent pricing services, and controls are in place to validate that prices provided represent fair values. The Company’s control process includes, but is not limited to, initial and ongoing evaluation of the methodologies used, a review of specific securities and an assessment for proper classification within the fair value hierarchy, and obtaining and reviewing internal control reports for our investment manager that obtains fair values from independent pricing services.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, ~~2021~~2022 are summarized below:


		Fair Value Measurements Using									Fair Value Measurements Using
		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:									Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
State and municipal	State and municipal	$	0	$	353,158	$	0	$	353,158	State and municipal	$	—	$	302,405	$	—	$	302,405
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	0		285,981		0		285,981		Residential mortgage-backed	—		290,555		—		290,555
Corporate	Corporate	0		776,475		0		776,475		Corporate	—		606,821		—		606,821
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	0		339,941		0		339,941		Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	—		322,204		—		322,204

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	89,064		435		0		89,499		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	75,356		354		—		75,710

Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	89,064	$	1,755,990	$	0	$	1,845,054	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	75,356	$	1,522,339	$	—	$	1,597,695
Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Preferred stock	Preferred stock	0		61,511		0		61,511		Preferred stock	—		51,750		—		51,750
Common stock	Common stock	28,941		4,894		0		33,835		Common stock	43,470		3,433		—		46,903
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	$	28,941	$	66,405	$	0	$	95,346	Total equity securities	$	43,470	$	55,183	$	—	$	98,653

Bank loan participations	Bank loan participations	$	0	$	164,986	$	231	$	165,217	Bank loan participations	$	—	$	159,885	$	—	$	159,885
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	$	0	$	39,663	$	0	$	39,663	Short-term investments	$	—	$	130,435	$	—	$	130,435

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, ~~2020~~2021 are summarized below:


		Fair Value Measurements Using									Fair Value Measurements Using
		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:									Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
State and municipal	State and municipal	$	0	$	296,405	$	0	$	296,405	State and municipal	$	—	$	333,717	$	—	$	333,717
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	0		293,848		0		293,848		Residential mortgage-backed	—		246,631		—		246,631
Corporate	Corporate	0		766,822		0		766,822		Corporate	—		732,335		—		732,335
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	0		326,719		0		326,719		Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	—		304,488		—		304,488

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	99,384		464		0		99,848		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	59,988		402		—		60,390

Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	99,384	$	1,684,258	$	0	$	1,783,642	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	59,988	$	1,617,573	$	—	$	1,677,561
Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Preferred stock	Preferred stock	0		67,495		0		67,495		Preferred stock	—		63,612		—		63,612
Common stock	Common stock	15,793		5,015		672		21,480		Common stock	41,244		3,452		102		44,798
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	$	15,793	$	72,510	$	672	$	88,975	Total equity securities	$	41,244	$	67,064	$	102	$	108,410
Bank loan participations	Bank loan participations	$	0	$	147,296	$	308	$	147,604	Bank loan participations	$	—	$	156,043	$	—	$	156,043
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	$	0	$	130,289	$	0	$	130,289	Short-term investments	$	—	$	136,563	$	—	$	136,563

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, equity securities, and bank loan participations measured at fair value on a recurring basis ~~(as a result of the fair value option effective January 1, 2020)~~ using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is shown below:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)				(in thousands)					(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Beginning balance	Beginning balance	$	299	$	1,032	$	980	$	43	Beginning balance	$	—	$	299	$	102	$	980
Transfers out of Level 3	Transfers out of Level 3	0		(721)		0		(721)		Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—
Transfers in to Level 3	Transfers in to Level 3	0		0		0		358		Transfers in to Level 3	—		—		—		—
Purchases	Purchases	0		0		0		703		Purchases	—		—		—		—
Sales	Sales	0		0		(282)		0		Sales	—		—		(92)		(282)
Maturities, calls and paydowns	Maturities, calls and paydowns	(17)		0		(41)		(17)		Maturities, calls and paydowns	—		(17)		—		(41)
Amortization of discount	Amortization of discount	0		0		0		3		Amortization of discount	—		—		—		—
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):	Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):									Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	Included in earnings	(51)		1		(426)		(57)		Included in earnings	—		(51)		(10)		(426)
Included in other comprehensive income	Included in other comprehensive income	0		0		0		0		Included in other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—
Ending balance	Ending balance	$	231	$	312	$	231	$	312	Ending balance	$	—	$	231	$	—	$	231

The Company had 1 equity security at December 31, 2021 for which the fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The fair value of $102,000 for the equity security was based on expected proceeds from its sale. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold the equity security.

The Company held 1 bank loan participation and 1 equity security at June 30, 2021 and 1 bank loan participation and 2 equity securities at December 31, 2020 for which the fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). A market approach using prices in trades of comparable securities was utilized to determine a fair value for the securities of $231,000 at June 30, 2021 and $980,000 at December 31, 2020.

The Company held 1 equity security at December 31, 2019 and 1 bank loan participations and 2 equity securities at June 30, 2020 for which the fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). A market approach

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

~~using prices in trades of comparable securities was utilized to determine a fair value for the securities of $312,000 at June 30, 2020 and $43,000 at December 31, 2019.~~

Transfers out of Level 3 occur when the Company is able to obtain reliable prices from pricing vendors for securities for which the Company was previously unable to obtain reliable prices. Transfers in to Level 3 occur when the Company is unable to obtain reliable prices for securities from pricing vendors and instead must use broker price quotes to value the securities.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 or ~~2020.~~2021. The Company recognizes transfers between levels at the beginning of the reporting period.

In the determination of the fair value for bank loan participations and certain high yield bonds, the Company’s investment manager endeavors to obtain data from multiple external pricing sources. External pricing sources may include brokers, dealers and price data vendors that provide a composite price based on prices from multiple dealers. Such external pricing sources typically provide valuations for normal institutional size trading units of such securities using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities, and various relationships between securities, as generally recognized by institutional dealers. For investments in which the investment manager determines that only one external pricing source is appropriate or if only one external price is available, the relevant investment is generally recorded at fair value based on such price.

Investments for which external sources are not available or are determined by the investment manager not to be representative of fair value are recorded at fair value as determined by the Company, with input from its investment managers and valuation specialists as considered necessary. In determining the fair value of such investments, the Company considers one or more of the following factors: type of security held, convertibility or exchangeability of the security, redeemability of the security (including the timing of redemptions), application of industry accepted valuation models, recent trading activity, liquidity, estimates of liquidation value, purchase cost, and prices received for securities with similar terms of the same issuer or similar issuers. At June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, there were no investments for which external sources were unavailable to determine fair value.

The carrying values and fair values of financial instruments are summarized below:


		June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020					June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value			Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Assets	Assets									Assets
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,845,054	$	1,845,054	$	1,783,642	$	1,783,642	Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,597,695	$	1,597,695	$	1,677,561	$	1,677,561
Equity securities	Equity securities	95,346		95,346		88,975		88,975		Equity securities	98,653		98,653		108,410		108,410

Bank loan participations	Bank loan participations	165,217		165,217		147,604		147,604		Bank loan participations	159,885		159,885		156,043		156,043
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	360,931		360,931		162,260		162,260		Cash and cash equivalents	350,740		350,740		190,123		190,123
Restricted cash equivalents	Restricted cash equivalents	723,525		723,525		859,920		859,920		Restricted cash equivalents	102,099		102,099		102,005		102,005
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	39,663		39,663		130,289		130,289		Short-term investments	130,435		130,435		136,563		136,563
Other invested assets – notes receivable	Other invested assets – notes receivable	13,500		17,883		4,500		5,302		Other invested assets – notes receivable	9,740		11,536		9,740		11,921
Liabilities	Liabilities									Liabilities
Senior debt	Senior debt	262,300		250,485		262,300		250,953		Senior debt	222,300		215,550		262,300		252,213
Junior subordinated debt	Junior subordinated debt	104,055		106,537		104,055		110,612		Junior subordinated debt	104,055		108,235		104,055		106,635

The fair values of fixed maturity securities, equity securities, and bank loan participations have been determined using quoted market prices for securities traded in the public market or prices using bid or closing prices for securities not traded in the public marketplace. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments approximate their carrying values due to their short-term maturity.

The fair values of other invested assets-notes receivable, senior debt, and junior subordinated debt at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020~~2021 were determined by calculating the present value of expected future cash flows under the terms of the note agreements or debt agreements, as applicable, discounted at an estimated market rate of interest at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively.

The fair values of senior debt and junior subordinated debt at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020~~2021 were determined using inputs to the valuation methodology that are unobservable (Level 3).

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~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

11. Senior Debt

At June 30, 2021, the Company had a drawn balance of $185.8 million outstanding on the $212.5 million unsecured revolving facility in its $315.0 million senior revolving credit facility (as amended or amended and restated, the "2013 Facility”). The 2013 Facility contains certain financial and other covenants (including minimum net worth, maximum ratio of total adjusted debt outstanding to total capitalization, and financial strength ratings) with which the Company was in compliance at June 30, 2021. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company drew $60.0 million on the unsecured revolver as a precautionary measure to increase the Company's cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The Company repaid ~~$30.0~~$40.0 million ~~in the three months ended June 30, 2020.~~

~~At June 30, 2021, unsecured~~of loans ~~of $61.5 million and secured letters of credit totaling $15.1 million~~that were outstanding under a credit agreement (the ~~"2017 Facility"~~“2017 Facility”) that provides the Company with a revolving line of credit of up to $100.0 million, which may be used for loans and letters of credit made or issued, at the borrowers' option, on a secured or unsecured basis. The 2017 Facility contains certain financial and other covenants which the Company was in ~~compliance with at June 30, 2021. In~~ the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company drew $59.0 million of unsecured capacity as a precautionary measure to increase the Company's cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The Company repaid $30.0 million in the three months ended2022. At June 30, ~~2020.~~

~~12. Capital Stock~~2022, unsecured loans of $21.5 million and ~~Equity Awards~~

~~On May 10, 2021, the Company closed the offering and public sale (the “Offering”)~~secured letters of an aggregate of 6,497,500 of the Company’s common shares at a public offering price of $31.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds (before expenses) from the Offering of $192.1 million, which were used for general corporate purposes. The common shares were offered and sold pursuant to an underwriting agreement entered into by the Company, Barclays Capital, Inc., and Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters named therein.

The Company also issued 128,801 common shares in the six months ended June 30, 2021 related to outstanding equity incentive plan awards. Of the new shares issued, 16,471 were related to employee stock option exercises and 112,330 were related to vesting of restricted share units (“RSUs”).

As a result of the Offering and the issuances related to equity incentive plan awards, the total common shares outstanding increased from 30,649,261 at December 31, 2020 to 37,275,562 at June 30, 2021.

~~The Company declared the following dividends during the first six months of 2021 and 2020:~~

Date of Declaration Dividend per Common Share Payable to Shareholders of Record on Payment Date Total Amount (thousands)
2021
February 24, 2021 $ 0.30 March 15, 2021 March 31, 2021 $ 9,345
April 27, 2021 $ 0.30 June 14, 2021 June 30, 2021 11,291
$ 0.60 $ 20,636
2020
February 19, 2020 $ 0.30 March 16, 2020 March 31, 2020 $ 9,269
April 28, 2020 $ 0.30 June 15, 2020 June 30, 2020 $ 9,271
$ 0.60 $ 18,540

Included in the total dividends for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are $221,000 and $219,000, respectively, of dividend equivalents on unvested RSUs. The balance of dividends payable on unvested RSUs was $462,000 at June 30, 2021 and $663,000 at December 31, 2020.credit totaling

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

$22.6 million were outstanding under the 2017 Facility. The 2017 Facility provides the Company with a revolving line of credit of up to $100.0 million, which may be used for loans and letters of credit made or issued, at the borrowers’ option, on a secured or unsecured basis. The 2017 Facility contains certain financial and other covenants which the Company was in compliance with at June 30, 2022.

12. Series A Preferred Shares

On February 24, 2022, we entered into an Investment Agreement with GPC Partners Investments (Thames) LP (“GPC Partners”), an affiliate of Gallatin Point Capital LLC, relating to the issuance and sale of 150,000 7% Series A Perpetual Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares, par value $0.00125 per share (the “Series A Preferred Shares”), for an aggregate purchase price of $150.0 million, or $1,000 per share, in a private placement. The transaction closed on March 1, 2022 (the “Series A Closing Date”).

The Series A Preferred Shares rank senior to our common shares with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, upon which the holders of Series A Preferred Shares would receive the greater of the $1,000 liquidation preference per share (the “Liquidation Preference”) plus accrued and unpaid dividends, or the amount they would have received if they had converted all of their Series A Preferred Shares to common shares immediately before such liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

Holders of the Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to a dividend at the initial rate of 7% of the Liquidation Preference per annum, paid in cash, in-kind in common shares or in Series A Preferred Shares, at our election. On the five-year anniversary of the Series A Closing Date, and each five-year anniversary thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to a rate equal to the five-year U.S. treasury rate plus 5.2%. Dividends accrue quarterly and are payable on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, and commenced with a cash dividend of $3.5 million paid on June 30, 2022 for the period from the Series A Closing Date through June 30, 2022.

The Series A Preferred Shares are convertible at the option of the holders thereof at any time into common shares at an initial conversion price of $26.5950, making the Series A Preferred Shares initially convertible into 5,640,158 common shares. The conversion price is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, including cash dividends on the common shares above specified levels, as well as certain adjustments in case of adverse reserve developments.

At any time on or after the two year anniversary of the Series A Closing Date, if the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) per Common Share is greater than 130% of the then-applicable conversion price for at least 20 (20) consecutive trading days, the Company will be able to elect to convert (a “Mandatory Conversion”) all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Shares into Common Shares. In the case of a Mandatory Conversion, each Series A Preferred Share then outstanding will be converted into (i) the number of Common Shares equal to the quotient of (A) the sum of the Liquidation Preference and the accrued and unpaid dividends with respect to such Series A Preferred Share to be converted divided by (B) the conversion price of such share in effect as of the date of the Mandatory Conversion plus (ii) cash in lieu of fractional shares.

Upon any Mandatory Conversion on or before the five-year anniversary of the Series A Closing Date, all dividends that would have accrued from the date of the Mandatory Conversion to the later of the five-year anniversary of the Series A Closing Date or the last day of the eighth quarter following the date of the Mandatory Conversion, the last eight quarters of which will be discounted to present value using a discount rate of 3.5% per annum, and will be immediately payable in Common Shares, valued at the average of the daily VWAP of the Company’s Common Shares during the 5 (5) trading days immediately preceding the Mandatory Conversion.

The holders of the Series A Preferred Shares may require us to repurchase their shares upon the occurrence of certain change of control events. Upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change (as defined in the Certificate of Designations designating the Series A Preferred Shares), each holder of outstanding Series A Preferred Shares will be permitted to, at its election, (i) effective as of immediately prior to the Fundamental Change, convert all or a portion of its Series A Preferred Shares into Common Shares, or (ii) require the Company to repurchase any or all of such holder’s Series A Preferred Shares at a purchase price per Series A Preferred Share equal to the Liquidation Preference of such Series A Preferred Share plus accrued and unpaid dividends. The repurchase price will be payable in cash.

Because the Company may be required to repurchase all or a portion of the Series A Preferred Shares at the option of the holder upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, the Series A Preferred Shares have been classified as mezzanine equity in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets and are recognized at fair value of $150.0 million (the proceeds on the date of issuance) less issuance costs of $5.1 million, resulting in a carrying value of $144.9 million.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Under the terms of the Investment Agreement, GPC Partners has the right to designate one member of the Board (the “Series A Designee”). GPC Partners has designated Matthew Botein as the Series A Designee and, accordingly, the Board approved the appointment of Mr. Botein to serve as a Class I director with a term expiring at the 2024 annual meeting of the Company’s shareholders, effective following receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals. Until applicable regulatory approvals are obtained, Mr. Botein will have board observer status.

13. Capital Stock and Equity Awards

Common Shares

Total common shares outstanding increased from 37,373,066 at December 31, 2021 to 37,450,264 at June 30, 2022, reflecting 77,198 common shares issued in the six months ended June 30, 2022 related to vesting of RSUs.

Dividends

The Company declared the following dividends on common shares during the first six months of 2022 and 2021:


Date of Declaration	Dividend per Common Share		Payable to Shareholders of Record on	Payment Date	Total Amount (thousands)

2022
February 16, 2022	$	0.05	March 14, 2022	March 31, 2022	$	1,908
April 28, 2022	$	0.05	June 13, 2022	June 30, 2022	1,908

	$	0.10			$	3,816

2021
February 24, 2021	$	0.30	March 15, 2021	March 31, 2021	$	9,345
April 27, 2021	$	0.30	June 14, 2021	June 30, 2021	$	11,291

	$	0.60			$	20,636

Included in the total dividends for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 are $72,000 and $221,000, respectively, of dividend equivalents on unvested RSUs. The balance of dividends payable on unvested RSUs was $327,000 at June 30, 2022 and $518,000 at December 31, 2021.

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company’s shareholders have approved various equity incentive plans, including the ~~Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Legacy Plan”), the~~ 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (“2014 LTIP”), and the 2014 Non-Employee Director Incentive Plan (“2014 Director Plan”) (collectively, the “Plans”). All awards issued under the Plans are issued at the discretion of the Board of Directors. ~~Under the Legacy Plan, employees received non-qualified stock options. Options are outstanding under the Legacy Plan; however, no additional awards may be granted.~~

Employees are eligible to receive non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, share appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted shares, RSUs, and other awards under the 2014 LTIP. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the 2014 LTIP is 4,171,150, and at June 30, ~~2021, 1,250,474~~2022, 814,511 shares are available for grant.

Non-employee directors of the Company are eligible to receive non-qualified stock options, share appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted shares, RSUs, and other awards under the 2014 Director Plan. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the 2014 Director Plan is 150,000, and at June 30, ~~2021, 94,781~~2022, 77,708 shares are available for grant.

Generally, awards issued under the 2014 LTIP and 2014 Director Plan vest immediately in the event that an award recipient is terminated without Cause (as defined in the applicable plans), and in the case of the 2014 LTIP for Good Reason (as defined in the applicable plans), at any time following a Change in Control (as defined in the applicable plans).

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Options

The following table summarizes option activity:


		Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021			2020				2022			2021
		Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price			Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding:	Outstanding:							Outstanding:
Beginning of period	Beginning of period	463,324	$	32.25	643,851	$	30.41	Beginning of period	287,974	$	35.26	463,324	$	32.25
Granted	Granted	0	$	0	0	$	0	Granted	—	$	—	—	$	—
Exercised	Exercised	(29,884)	$	26.37	(29,141)	$	28.78	Exercised	—	$	—	(29,884)	$	26.37
Forfeited	Forfeited	0	$	0	0	$	0	Forfeited	—	$	—	—	$	—
End of period	End of period	433,440	$	32.65	614,710	$	30.49	End of period	287,974	$	35.26	433,440	$	32.65
Exercisable, end of period	Exercisable, end of period	433,440	$	32.65	614,710	$	30.49	Exercisable, end of period	287,974	$	35.26	433,440	$	32.65

All of the outstanding options are fully vested (vesting period of three years from date of grant) and have a contractual life of seven years from the original date of grant. All of the outstanding options have an exercise price equal to the fair value of the underlying shares at the date of grant. The weighted-average remaining contractual life of the options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~1.7~~0.9 years.

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~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

RSUs

The following table summarizes RSU activity:


		Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021			2020				2022			2021
		Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value			Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested, beginning of period	Unvested, beginning of period	399,856	$	43.59	340,368	$	41.50	Unvested, beginning of period	292,135	$	45.89	399,856	$	43.59
Granted	Granted	139,682	$	50.22	179,016	$	43.55	Granted	538,778	$	20.50	139,682	$	50.22
Vested	Vested	(164,957)	$	41.85	(147,260)	$	41.14	Vested	(112,353)	$	45.49	(164,957)	$	41.85
Forfeited	Forfeited	(25,816)	$	46.34	(16,846)	$	42.17	Forfeited	(9,760)	$	22.97	(25,816)	$	46.34
Unvested, end of period	Unvested, end of period	348,765	$	46.87	355,278	$	42.65	Unvested, end of period	708,800	$	26.97	348,765	$	46.87

Outstanding RSUs granted to employees generally vest ratably over a three year vesting period. RSUs granted to non-employee directors have a one year vesting period. The holders of RSUs are entitled to dividend equivalents. The dividend equivalents are settled in cash at the same time that the underlying RSUs vest and are subject to the same risk of forfeiture as the underlying shares. The fair value of the RSUs granted is based on the market price of the underlying shares at the date of grant.

Compensation Expense

Share based compensation expense is recognized on a straight line basis over the vesting period. The amount of expense and related tax benefit is summarized below:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Share based compensation expense	Share based compensation expense	$	1,862	$	1,910	$	3,767	$	3,777	Share based compensation expense	$	2,196	$	1,862	$	3,982	$	3,767
U.S. tax benefit on share based compensation expense	U.S. tax benefit on share based compensation expense	302		249		596		499		U.S. tax benefit on share based compensation expense	409		302		745		596

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had ~~$13.2~~$15.6 million of unrecognized share based compensation expense expected to be charged to earnings over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.

~~13.~~14. Subsequent Events

On July ~~27, 2021,~~26, 2022, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of ~~$0.30~~$0.05 per common share. The dividend is payable on September 30, ~~2021~~2022 to shareholders of record on September ~~13, 2021.~~12, 2022.

On July ~~9, 2021~~26, 2022, the Board of Directors declared a ~~purported class action lawsuit was filed~~7% dividend on the Series A Preferred Shares. The dividend of $2.6 million will be payable in ~~US District Court, Eastern District~~cash on September 30, 2022 to shareholders of ~~Virginia,~~record on ~~behalf~~September 15, 2022.

On July 26, 2022, the Board of ~~Employees’ Retirement Fund~~Directors approved awards under the 2014 LTIP to the Company's employees with an aggregate fair value of ~~the City~~$158,750 and a grant date of Fort Worth (“Plaintiff”) against James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and certain of its present and former officers (together “Defendants”), alleging claims under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Plaintiff alleges that it purchased James River common stock between August 1, 2019 and May 5, 2021, inclusive (the putative “Class Period”), that Defendants failed to make appropriate disclosures concerning reserves for policies that covered Rasier LLC, a subsidiary of Uber Technologies, Inc. and that, as a result, Plaintiff suffered unspecified damages. We believe that the Plaintiff’s claims are without merit and intend to vigorously defend this lawsuit.3, 2022.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” ~~and Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or “Quarterly Report”~~, and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, or for any other future period. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and its subsidiaries. Unless the context indicates or suggests otherwise, references to “the Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and its subsidiaries.

Our Business

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. is a Bermuda-based holding company. We own and operate a group of specialty insurance and reinsurance companies with the objective of generating compelling returns on tangible equity while limiting underwriting and investment volatility. We seek to accomplish this by ~~consistently~~ earning profits from insurance and reinsurance underwriting and generating meaningful risk-adjusted investment returns while managing our ~~capital opportunistically.~~capital.

We are organized into four reportable segments, which are separately managed business units:

•The Excess and Surplus Lines segment offers commercial excess and surplus lines liability and property insurance in every U.S. state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands through James River Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, James River Casualty Company;

•The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment approaches the insurance market in two ways: as a risk bearing underwriter, and as a “fronting” company. The Company’s risk bearing underwriting is focused on niche classes within the standard insurance markets, such as workers’ compensation coverage for residential contractors, light manufacturing operations, transportation workers and healthcare workers. In its fronting business, the Specialty Admitted segment works with distributors, such as managing general agents and other producers, by using our licensure, rating and administrative services in order to produce and service insurance policies for reinsurers and other third party risk bearing entities. We charge fees for “fronting” for these capital providers. In some instances, we retain a small percentage of the risk on fronted ~~business.~~business, generally 10%-30%. This segment has admitted licenses and the authority to write excess and surplus lines insurance in 50 states and the District of Columbia;

•The Casualty Reinsurance segment primarily provides proportional and working layer casualty reinsurance to third parties (primarily through reinsurance intermediaries) ~~and an aggregate stop loss reinsurance to Carolina Re Ltd (“Carolina Re”),~~ through JRG Reinsurance Company Ltd. (“JRG Re”)~~, both Bermuda-based reinsurance companies.~~. JRG Re has also in the past provided reinsurance to the ~~Company's U.S. based~~Company’s U.S.-based insurance subsidiaries through a quota-share reinsurance ~~agreement;~~agreement. Carolina Re Ltd (“Carolina Re”) was formed in 2018 to ~~do this~~also provide reinsurance to the Company’s U.S.-based insurance subsidiaries through a quota-share reinsurance agreement, and was also the cedent on an aggregate stop loss reinsurance treaty with JRG Re through December 31, 2021. JRG Re and Carolina Re are both Bermuda-based reinsurance companies. Carolina Re made an irrevocable election to be taxed as ~~well; and~~a U.S. domestic corporation under Section 953(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, effective January 1, 2018.

•The Corporate and Other segment consists of the management and treasury activities of our holding companies, interest expense associated with our debt, and expenses of our holding companies, including public company expenses, that are not reimbursed by our insurance segments.

All of the Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries are party to an intercompany pooling agreement that distributes the net underwriting results among the group companies based on their approximate pro-rata level of statutory capital and surplus to the total Company statutory capital and surplus. Additionally, each of the Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries is a party to a quota share reinsurance agreement that in periods prior to January 1, 2018 ceded 70% of their premiums and losses to JRG Re, and starting January 1, 2018, ceded 70% of their premiums and losses to Carolina Re. We report all segment information in this ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ prior to the effects of intercompany reinsurance, consistent with the manner in which we evaluate the operating performance of our reportable segments.

All of our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries have financial strength ratings of “A-” (Excellent) from A.M. Best Company.

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Key Metrics

We discuss certain key metrics, described below, which we believe provide useful information about our business and the operational factors underlying our financial performance.

Underwriting profit is a non-GAAP measure commonly used in the property and casualty insurance industry to evaluate underwriting performance. We believe that the disclosure of underwriting profit by individual segment and of the Company as a whole is useful to investors, analysts, rating agencies and other users of our financial information in evaluating our performance because our objective is to consistently earn underwriting profits. We evaluate the performance of our segments and allocate resources based primarily on underwriting profit. We define underwriting profit as net earned premiums and gross fee income (in specific instances when the Company is not retaining insurance risk) less losses and loss adjustment expenses and other operating expenses. Other operating expenses include the underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses of the operating segments and, for consolidated underwriting profit, the expenses of the Corporate and Other segment. Our definition of underwriting profit may not be comparable to that of other companies. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation of underwriting profit to income before taxes and for additional information.

Loss ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses to net earned premiums.

Accident year loss ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses for the current accident year (excluding development on prior accident year reserves) to net earned premiums.

Expense ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of other operating expenses net of gross fee income included in other income to net earned premiums.

Combined ratio is a measure of underwriting performance calculated as the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. A combined ratio of less than 100% indicates an underwriting profit, while a combined ratio greater than 100% reflects an underwriting loss.

Adjusted net operating income is an internal performance measure used in the management of our operations. We believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Adjusted net operating income is defined as income available to common shareholders excluding net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, and certain non-operating expenses such as professional service fees related to a purported class action lawsuit, various strategic initiatives, and the filing of registration statements for the offering of securities, and severance costs associated with terminated employees. Adjusted net operating income is a non-GAAP measure and should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP. Our definition of adjusted net operating income may not be comparable to that of other companies. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation of income available to common shareholders to adjusted net operating income.

Tangible equity is defined as shareholders' equity plus mezzanine Series A Preferred Shares (as defined below) less goodwill and intangible assets, net of amortization. We believe tangible equity is a good measure to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure. Key financial measures that we use to assess our longer term financial performance include the percentage growth in our tangible equity per share and our return on tangible equity. Tangible equity is a non-GAAP measure and should not be viewed as a substitute for shareholders’ equity calculated in accordance with GAAP. Our definition of tangible equity may not be comparable to that of other companies. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation of shareholders' equity to tangible equity.

Adjusted net operating return on tangible equity is defined as annualized adjusted net operating income expressed as a percentage of the average quarterly tangible equity balances in the respective period.

Tangible equity per share represents tangible equity divided by the sum of total common shares outstanding plus the common shares resulting from an assumed conversion of the outstanding Series A Preferred Shares into common shares (at the current conversion price).

Net retention is defined as the ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums.

Gross investment return is annualized investment income before any deductions for fees and expenses, expressed as a percentage of the average beginning and ending carrying values of those investments during the period.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In preparing the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

The most critical accounting policies involve significant estimates and include those used in determining the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses and investment valuation and ~~impairment, and assumed reinsurance premiums.~~impairment. For a detailed discussion of each of these policies, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. There have been no significant changes to any of these policies during the current year.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

For a discussion of the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and related economic conditions on the Company’s results for the year ended December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, please see “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” in our Annual Report. The Company continues to monitor the impact that the ~~outbreak of the~~ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be having on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Impact of Macroeconomic Events Including Higher Levels of Inflation and Rising Interest Rates

Current macroeconomic events including the war in Ukraine and sustained supply chain constraints stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic have led to higher levels of inflation. The Federal Reserve, attempting to gain control of inflation, has implemented a series of federal funds rate increases in 2022 with more expected in the near future. Interest rates, in response, have risen significantly in 2022 and fears of an impending economic slowdown have increased the likelihood of an economic recession, all of which have negatively impacted financial markets. The more immediate impacts to the Company are on our investment portfolio and investing results. Our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of fixed maturity investments (78.4% of total invested assets at June 30, 2022). The fair values of fixed maturities generally move inversely with interest rates, and unrealized losses associated with the declines in fair values are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income, contributing to declines in shareholders' equity and tangible equity. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, other comprehensive loss, representing the after-tax impact of the unrealized losses on fixed maturity investments, was $144.6 million. We are monitoring our portfolio for signs of credit-related impairments, and to date, we have concluded that the declines are primarily market-driven with no allowance for credit losses considered necessary. As turnover has occurred in our portfolio and we invest cash generated from operations, we are benefiting from the higher yields now available on fixed maturities which is reflected in our investment income. Our investment portfolio also contains investments in equity securities and bank loan participations (comprising 4.8% and 7.8% of total invested assets at June 30, 2022, respectively) that are carried on our Balance Sheets at fair value. The fair values of these investments, the changes in which are recognized as unrealized gains and losses in our Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive (Loss) Income, have been negatively impacted by the ongoing macroeconomic events and associated declines in financial markets. Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments for the six months ended June 30, 2022 include unrealized losses of $11.0 million and $11.8 million, respectively, for the changes in fair values of equity securities and bank loan participations. The rising interest rates have also increased interest expense on our outstanding variable rate senior and trust preferred debt. The applicable rates on our debt reset quarterly and are structured as LIBOR plus a margin or spread.

Strategic Actions

Issuance of Series A Preferred Shares

The Company closed on the issuance and sale of 150,000 7% Series A Perpetual Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares, par value $0.00125 per share (the “Series A Preferred Shares”) on March 1, 2022 for an aggregate purchase price of $150.0 million, or $1,000 per share, in a private placement. The Series A Preferred Shares are convertible into the Company’s common shares at the option of the holder at any time, or at the Company’s option under certain circumstances. Dividends on the Series A preferred shares accrue quarterly at the initial rate of 7% of the $1,000 liquidation preference per share (the “Liquidation Preference”) per annum, which may be paid in cash, in-kind in common shares or in Series A Preferred Shares, at the Company’s election. Dividends declared and paid on the Series A Preferred Shares in the six months ended June 30, 2022 (which represent the dividends from March 1, 2022, the date of issuance of the Series A Preferred Shares, through June 30, 2022) were $3.5 million. Please see “Part I—Item 1—Note 12. Series A Preferred Shares” in the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

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Loss Portfolio Transfer Retrocession Agreement

On February 23, 2022, JRG Re entered into a loss portfolio transfer retrocession agreement (the “Retrocession Agreement”) with Fortitude Reinsurance Company Ltd. (“FRL”) under which FRL reinsures the majority of the reserves in the Company’s Casualty Reinsurance segment. Under the terms of the transaction, which closed on March 31, 2022 (the “Retrocession Closing Date”), JRG Re (a) ceded to FRL all existing and future claims for losses arising under certain casualty reinsurance agreements with underlying insurance companies with treaty inception dates ranging from 2011 to 2020 (the “Subject Business”), in each case net of third-party reinsurance and other recoveries, up to an aggregate limit of $400.0 million; (b) continues to manage and retain the benefit of other third-party reinsurance on the Subject Business; (c) paid FRL a reinsurance premium of $335.0 million, $310.0 million of which JRG Re credited to a notional funds withheld account (the “Funds Withheld Account”) and $25.0 million of which was paid in cash to FRL; and (d) pays FRL a 2% per annum crediting rate on the Funds Withheld Account balance on a quarterly basis. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Funds Withheld Account crediting fees of $1.3 million are included in interest expense in our Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The total premium, initial Funds Withheld Account credit, and aggregate limit was adjusted for claims paid from October 1, 2021 to the Retrocession Closing Date. The Casualty Reinsurance segment incurred losses of $11.5 million (including $6.8 million of net adverse reserve development and $4.7 million of current accident year losses) in the three months ended March 31, 2022 associated with the Retrocession Agreement.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes our results:


		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%			Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
		2021			2020			Change		2021			2020			Change			2022			2021			Change		2022			2021			Change
		($ in thousands)																	($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	380,146		$	301,639		26.0	%	$	753,401		$	585,480		28.7	%	Gross written premiums	$	399,714		$	380,146		5.1	%	$	759,650		$	753,401		0.8	%
Net retention ~~(1)~~	Net retention ~~(1)~~	50.9		%	55.0		%			48.9		%	51.3		%			Net retention ~~(1)~~	48.7		%	50.9		%			48.8		%	48.9		%
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	$	193,604		$	165,757		16.8	%	$	368,203		$	300,411		22.6	%	Net written premiums	$	194,691		$	193,604		0.6	%	$	370,550		$	368,203		0.6	%
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	172,705		$	148,815		16.1	%	$	333,298		$	294,733		13.1	%	Net earned premiums	$	186,262		$	172,705		7.8	%	$	376,086		$	333,298		12.8	%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(110,000)			(98,746)			11.4	%	(383,500)			(195,602)			96.1	%	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(121,369)			(110,000)			10.3	%	(256,977)			(383,500)			(33.0)	%
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	(44,886)			(42,653)			5.2	%	(91,340)			(92,663)			(1.4)	%	Other operating expenses	(48,136)			(44,886)			7.2	%	(97,397)			(91,340)			6.6	%
Underwriting profit (loss) (2), (3)		17,819			7,416			140.3	%	(141,542)			6,468			—
Underwriting profit (loss) (1), (2)																		Underwriting profit (loss) (1), (2)	16,757			17,819			(6.0)	%	21,712			(141,542)			—
Net investment income	Net investment income	14,348			15,350			(6.5)	%	29,437			36,186			(18.7)	%	Net investment income	14,705			14,348			2.5	%	30,972			29,437			5.2	%
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments		3,483			21,593			(83.9)	%	9,755			(36,814)			—
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments																		Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments	(17,110)			3,483			—		(22,120)			9,755			—
Other income and expense	Other income and expense	(827)			(1,485)			(44.3)	%	(1,349)			(1,159)			16.4	%	Other income and expense	49			(827)			—		(252)			(1,349)			(81.3)	%
Interest expense	Interest expense	(2,249)			(2,965)			(24.1)	%	(4,465)			(5,841)			(23.6)	%	Interest expense	(4,049)			(2,249)			80.0	%	(6,341)			(4,465)			42.0	%
Amortization of intangible assets	Amortization of intangible assets	(91)			(149)			(38.9)	%	(182)			(298)			(38.9)	%	Amortization of intangible assets	(91)			(91)			—	%	(182)			(182)			—	%
Income (loss) before taxes	Income (loss) before taxes	32,483			39,760			(18.3)	%	(108,346)			(1,458)			—		Income (loss) before taxes	10,261			32,483			(68.4)	%	23,789			(108,346)			—
Income tax expense (benefit)	Income tax expense (benefit)	11,640			4,146			180.8	%	(25,729)			(257)			—		Income tax expense (benefit)	2,597			11,640			(77.7)	%	5,920			(25,729)			—
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	$	20,843		$	35,614		(41.5)	%	$	(82,617)		$	(1,201)		—		Net income (loss)	$	7,664		$	20,843		(63.2)	%	$	17,869		$	(82,617)		—
Adjusted net operating income (loss) (4)		$	18,829		$	17,379		8.3	%	$	(89,966)		$	32,797		—
Dividends on Series A Preferred Shares																		Dividends on Series A Preferred Shares	(2,625)			—			—		(3,500)			—			—
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders																		Net income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	5,039		$	20,843		(75.8)	%	$	14,369		$	(82,617)		—
Adjusted net operating income (loss) (1)																		Adjusted net operating income (loss) (1)	$	20,025		$	18,829		6.4	%	$	33,892		$	(89,966)		—
Ratios:	Ratios:																	Ratios:
Loss ratio	Loss ratio	63.7		%	66.4		%			115.1		%	66.4		%			Loss ratio	65.2		%	63.7		%			68.3		%	115.1		%
Expense ratio	Expense ratio	26.0		%	28.6		%			27.4		%	31.4		%			Expense ratio	25.8		%	26.0		%			25.9		%	27.4		%
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	89.7		%	95.0		%			142.5		%	97.8		%			Combined ratio	91.0		%	89.7		%			94.2		%	142.5		%
Accident year loss ratio (5)		65.7		%	65.6		%			65.1		%	65.7		%
Accident year loss ratio																		Accident year loss ratio	66.0		%	65.7		%			66.9		%	65.1		%

(1)~~Net retention is defined as the ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums.~~

~~(2)~~Underwriting profit (loss) ~~is a~~and adjusted net operating income (loss) are non-GAAP ~~measure.~~measures. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP ~~Measures” for a reconciliation to income (loss) before taxes and for additional information.~~Measures.”

~~(3)~~(2)Included in underwriting results for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 is gross fee income of ~~$5.4~~$5.9 million and ~~$10.6~~$11.4 million, respectively ($~~5.7~~5.4 million and ~~$11.2~~$10.6 million in the respective prior year periods).

~~(4)Adjusted net operating income (loss) is a non-GAAP measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation to net income (loss) and for additional information.~~

~~(5)Accident year loss ratio is defined as the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses for the current accident year (excluding development on prior accident year reserves) to net earned premiums.~~

Three Months Ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021

The Company ~~had~~produced an underwriting profit of ~~$17.8~~$16.8 million and a combined ratio of 91.0% for the three months ended June 30, ~~2021. This compares~~2022 compared to an underwriting profit of ~~$7.4~~$17.8 million and a combined ratio of 89.7% for the same period in the prior year.

We continue to see attractive market conditions for our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, enabling us to grow written and earned premiums. Net earned premiums for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment increased $19.9 million or 16.9% over the prior year. This was partially offset by a $5.9 million decrease in net earned premiums for the Casualty Reinsurance segment reflecting the ceded earned premiums under the Retrocession Agreement in the current year and our current strategic focus on downsizing of this business. Our loss ratio was 1.5 points higher compared to the prior year primarily driven by lower favorable development on prior accident years. The ~~results~~loss ratios for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 ~~and 2020~~ include ~~certain non-operating items that are significant to the Company. These items (on a pre-tax basis) include:~~

•~~Net realized~~$1.6 million, or 0.8 percentage points, and unrealized investment gains of $3.5 million and $21.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The prior year gains reflect a partial recovery of the significant unrealized losses incurred in the first quarter of 2020 due to the onset of COVID-19. ~~The net realized and unrealized investment gains~~ f~~or the~~ ~~three months ended June 30, 2021~~ ~~include $1.4 million and $2.3 million related to changes in unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and bank loan participations, respectively ($4.0 million and $26.6 million for the~~ ~~three months ended June 30, 2020, respectively).~~ ~~See “— Investing Results" for more information on these realized and unrealized investment gains.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

We define adjusted net operating income (loss) as net income (loss) excluding net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, and certain non-operating expenses such as professional service fees related to various strategic initiatives and the filing of registration statements for the offering of securities, and severance costs associated with terminated employees. We use adjusted net operating income (loss) as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Adjusted net operating income (loss) should not be viewed as a substitute for net income (loss) calculated in accordance with GAAP, and our definition of adjusted net operating income (loss) may not be comparable to that of other companies.

~~Our income before taxes and net income reconcile to our adjusted net operating income as follows:~~

Three Months Ended June 30,
2021 2020
Income
Before
Taxes Net
Income Income
Before
Taxes Net
Income
($ in thousands)
Income as reported $ 32,483 $ 20,843 $ 39,760 $ 35,614
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (3,483) (2,741) (21,593) (19,763)
Other expenses 811 727 1,732 1,528
Adjusted net operating income $ 29,811 $ 18,829 $ 19,899 $ 17,379

~~Combined Ratios~~

The combined ratio is a measure of underwriting performance and represents the relationship of incurred losses, loss adjustment expenses and other operating expenses to net earned premiums. Our combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was 89.7%. A combined ratio of less than 100% indicates an underwriting profit, while a combined ratio greater than 100% reflects an underwriting loss. The combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2021 includes $3.5 million, or 2.0 percentage points, of net favorable reserve development on prior accident years, ~~including $7.5 million of~~respectively.

Our net ~~favorable reserve development~~income decreased from the ~~Excess~~prior year driven by the lower underwriting profit, the unfavorable swing in net realized and ~~Surplus Lines segment, $1.0 million~~unrealized gains and losses on investments (see Investing Results below), and higher interest expense, partially offset by a

Table of ~~net favorable reserve development from~~Contents

lower effective tax rate in the ~~Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $5.0 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.~~

~~The combined ratio~~current quarter due to improved Bermuda operating results. Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020 was 95.0%.~~2022 includes $1.3 million of crediting fees on the Funds Withheld Account balance under the Retrocession Agreement. The ~~combined ratio~~impact of rising interest rates on our variable rate senior and trust preferred debt also contributed to the higher current year interest expense. Net income available to common shareholders for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020 includes $1.1~~2022 reflects the $2.6 million of current quarter dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares.

Adjusted net operating income, which excludes net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments and certain non-operating expenses, increased from $18.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021 to $20.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022. Tangible equity and tangible equity per share both declined by 9.3% in the current quarter mainly due to the impact of rising interest rates, which led to unrealized losses on our fixed maturity investments in other comprehensive income. The unrealized losses are discussed further in Investing Results below. Our 14.6% adjusted net operating return on tangible equity for the three months ended June 30, 2022 was slightly above the 14.2% return for the three months ended June 30, 2021.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

The Company produced an underwriting profit of $21.7 million and a combined ratio of 94.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to an underwriting loss of $141.5 million and a combined ratio of 142.5% for the same period in the prior year.

Consistent with the discussion of the three months above, attractive market conditions, particularly in our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, have allowed us to grow both written and earned premiums year-to-date. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment is our largest segment, comprising 62.0% of consolidated gross written premiums and 71.6% of consolidated net earned premiums year-to-date. Net earned premiums for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment increased $37.5 million or ~~0.8~~16.2% over the prior year. Net earned premiums for our Specialty Admitted Insurance and Casualty Reinsurance segments also increased by $2.5 million and $2.7 million over the prior year, respectively. The higher net earned premiums helped produce a lower expense ratio in the six months ended June 30, 2022 as we saw growth in lines with meaningful ceding commissions and general and administrative expenses did not increase proportionately with the increase in earned premiums. Our expense ratio also benefited from 8.2% growth in fee income for our Specialty Admitted Insurance segment.

The loss ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2022 includes $5.2 million, or 1.4 percentage points, of net adverse reserve development on prior accident ~~years,~~years. As outlined in the “Strategic Actions” above, on February 23, 2022, JRG Re entered into the Retrocession Agreement to reinsure the majority of the Casualty Reinsurance segment's reserves. The Casualty Reinsurance segment incurred losses of $11.5 million associated with the Retrocession Agreement, including ~~$2.8 million of net favorable reserve development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $1.0 million of net favorable reserve development from the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $5.0~~$6.8 million of net adverse reserve development ~~from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.~~

~~All~~on prior accident years and $4.7 million of the Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries are party to an intercompany pooling agreement that distributes the net underwriting results among the group companies based on their approximate pro-rata level of statutory capitalcurrent accident year losses, and surplus to the total Company statutory capital and surplus. Additionally, each of the Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries is a party to a quota share reinsurance agreement that in periods prior to January 1, 2018 ceded 70% of their premiums and losses to JRG Re, and starting January 1, 2018, ceded 70% of their premiums and losses to Carolina Re, an entity domiciled in Bermuda that made an irrevocable election to be taxed as a U.S. domestic corporation under Section 953(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, effective January 1, 2018. JRG Re also provides aggregate stop loss reinsurance to Carolina Re. We report all segment information in this ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ prior to the effects of intercompany reinsurance, consistent with the manner in which we evaluate the operating performancerepresenting 3.1 points of our ~~reportable segments.~~

~~Expense Ratios~~

~~Our expense~~loss ratio decreased from 28.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 to 26.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease reflects an 18.4% increase in the Core E&S net earned premiums of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment including in lines that have meaningful ceding commissions. Our Excess and Surplus Lines segment has significant scale and produces a lower expense ratio than our other operating segments. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment is our largest segment and makes up 68.3% of consolidated net earned premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 67.8% for three months ended June 30, 2020. Gross fee income for the Company decreased from $5.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 to $5.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease was driven by a $296,000 decline in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment due to the termination of a commercial auto account.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020~~

~~The Company had an underwriting loss of $141.5 million~~ for the six months ended June 30, 2021. This compares to an underwriting profit of $6.5 million for the same period in the prior year. Net adverse reserve development on prior accident years was the principal driver of the current year underwriting loss. Underwriting results2022. The loss ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2021 ~~include~~included $166.7 million (50.0 percentage points) of net adverse reserve development on prior accident years, including $161.2 million of net adverse development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment almost entirely related to a previously canceled commercial auto account ~~that has been in runoff since 2019~~ (see ~~underwriting results of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment~~Segment Results below for further discussion). ~~Underwriting results~~The higher current accident year loss ratio (66.9% compared to 65.1% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020 included $2.0~~2021) largely reflects current actuarial indications and higher loss trends in our Specialty Admitted Insurance segment and the $4.7 million of current accident year losses in the Casualty Reinsurance segment associated with the Retrocession Agreement.

Our net ~~adverse reserve development~~income increased over the prior year due to the improved underwriting results, partially offset by the unfavorable swing in net realized and unrealized gains and losses on ~~prior accident years.~~

~~The results~~investments (see Investing Results), and higher interest expense. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 includes $1.3 million of crediting fees on the Funds Withheld Account balance under the Retrocession Agreement. The impact of rising interest rates on our variable rate senior and ~~2020 include certain non-operating items that are significant~~trust preferred debt also contributed to the ~~Company. These items (on a pre-tax basis) include:~~

•higher current year interest expense. Net ~~realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) of $9.8 million and $(36.8) million~~income available to common shareholders for the six months ended June 30, ~~2021 and 2020, respectively.~~ ~~For~~2022 reflects the $3.5 million of current year dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares issued March 1, 2022.

~~six months ended June 30, 2021~~Adjusted net operating income (loss), which excludes net realized and unrealized gains ~~on investments include $3.2 million and $6.3 million related to changes in unrealized gains~~ and losses on ~~equity securities~~investments and ~~bank loan participations, respectively ($(9.3)~~certain non-operating expenses, improved from a $90.0 million ~~and $(17.4) million of net realized and unrealized losses for the~~ ~~six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively).~~ ~~The outbreak of COVID-19~~loss in the first quarter of 2020 and uncertainty around the extent of its economic impact caused severe declines in financial markets, leading to significant net unrealized losses recognized in earnings. See “— Investing Results" for more information on these realized and unrealized investment gains (losses).

~~Our (loss) income before taxes and net (loss) income reconcile to our adjusted net operating (loss) income as follows:~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
2021 2020
Loss
Before
Taxes Net
Loss (Loss) Income
Before
Taxes Net (Loss) Income
($ in thousands)
Loss as reported $ (108,346) $ (82,617) $ (1,458) $ (1,201)
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses (9,755) (8,492) 36,814 32,470
Other expenses 1,338 1,143 1,732 1,528
Adjusted net operating (loss) income $ (116,763) $ (89,966) $ 37,088 $ 32,797

~~Combined Ratios~~

~~Our combined ratio for~~ the six months ended June 30, 2021 ~~was 142.5%. The combined ratio for~~to income of $33.9 million in the six months ended June 30, ~~2021 includes $166.7 million, or 50.0 percentage points, of~~2022. Tangible equity has increased by 2.8% year-to-date as net ~~adverse reserve development on prior accident years, including $161.2 million of net adverse reserve development~~income and proceeds from the ~~Excess and Surplus Lines segment~~Series A Preferred Share issuance were largely offset by unrealized losses on our fixed maturity investments in other comprehensive income (see ~~underwriting results~~Investing Results below). Tangible equity per share has decreased by 10.9% year-to-date reflecting the slight increase in tangible equity over a larger share count including an assumed conversion of the ~~Excess~~Series A Preferred Shares. Our year-to-date adjusted net operating return on tangible equity of 12.7% compares favorably to the prior year loss of 33.6% and ~~Surplus Lines segment for further discussion), $2.0 million of net favorable reserve development from~~reflects the ~~Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $7.5 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.~~

The combined ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was 97.8%. The combined ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2020 includes $2.0 million, or 0.7 percentage points, of net adverse reserve development on prior accident years, including $2.9 million of net favorable reserve development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $2.0 million of net favorable reserve development from the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $6.9 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

~~Expense Ratios~~

~~Our expense ratio decreased from 31.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 to 27.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease reflects a 17.4% increase~~turnaround in the Core E&S net earned premiums of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment including in lines that have meaningful ceding commissions. Our Excess and Surplus Lines segment has significant scale and produces a lower expense ratio than our other operating segments. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment is our largest segment and makes up 69.5% of consolidated net earned premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 68.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Gross fee income for the Company declined from $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 to $10.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The termination of a commercial auto account resulted in a $1.6 million decline of gross fee income in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment for the six months ended June 30, 2021. This was partially offset by $1.0 million higher fee income in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment due to new fronting programs and growth in existing fronting programs.underwriting results.

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Premiums

Insurance premiums are earned ratably over the terms of our insurance policies, generally twelve months. Reinsurance premiums assumed are earned over the terms of the underlying policies or reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance contracts written on a “losses occurring” basis cover claims that may occur during the term of the contract or underlying insurance policy, which is typically twelve months. Reinsurance contracts which are written on a “risks attaching” basis cover claims which attach to the underlying insurance policies written during the terms of such contracts. Premiums earned on such contracts usually extend beyond the original term of the reinsurance contract, typically resulting in recognition of premiums earned over a 24-month period or more in proportion to the level of underlying exposure.

The following table summarizes the change in premium volume by component and business segment:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%			Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%
		2021		2020		Change		2021		2020		Change			2022		2021		Change		2022		2021		Change
		($ in thousands)													($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums:	Gross written premiums:													Gross written premiums:
Excess and Surplus Lines	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	214,014	$	186,994	14.4	%	$	395,372	$	323,191	22.3	%	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	266,635	$	214,014	24.6	%	$	470,917	$	395,372	19.1	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	Specialty Admitted Insurance	129,189		88,440		46.1	%	256,225		191,242		34.0	%	Specialty Admitted Insurance	124,967		129,189		(3.3)	%	250,677		256,225		(2.2)	%
Casualty Reinsurance	Casualty Reinsurance	36,943		26,205		41.0	%	101,804		71,047		43.3	%	Casualty Reinsurance	8,112		36,943		(78.0)	%	38,056		101,804		(62.6)	%
		$	380,146	$	301,639	26.0	%	$	753,401	$	585,480	28.7	%		$	399,714	$	380,146	5.1	%	$	759,650	$	753,401	0.8	%
Net written premiums:	Net written premiums:													Net written premiums:
Excess and Surplus Lines	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	135,163	$	126,814	6.6	%	$	243,596	$	219,020	11.2	%	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	166,004	$	135,163	22.8	%	$	291,714	$	243,596	19.8	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	Specialty Admitted Insurance	21,498		12,739		68.8	%	43,503		26,095		66.7	%	Specialty Admitted Insurance	18,390		21,498		(14.5)	%	38,595		43,503		(11.3)	%
Casualty Reinsurance	Casualty Reinsurance	36,943		26,204		41.0	%	81,104		55,296		46.7	%	Casualty Reinsurance	10,297		36,943		(72.1)	%	40,241		81,104		(50.4)	%
		$	193,604	$	165,757	16.8	%	$	368,203	$	300,411	22.6	%		$	194,691	$	193,604	0.6	%	$	370,550	$	368,203	0.6	%
Net earned premiums:	Net earned premiums:													Net earned premiums:
Excess and Surplus Lines	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	117,945	$	100,849	17.0	%	$	231,653	$	200,588	15.5	%	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	137,884	$	117,945	16.9	%	$	269,185	$	231,653	16.2	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	Specialty Admitted Insurance	18,595		14,392		29.2	%	34,952		27,675		26.3	%	Specialty Admitted Insurance	18,141		18,595		(2.4)	%	37,459		34,952		7.2	%
Casualty Reinsurance	Casualty Reinsurance	36,165		33,574		7.7	%	66,693		66,470		0.3	%	Casualty Reinsurance	30,237		36,165		(16.4)	%	69,442		66,693		4.1	%
		$	172,705	$	148,815	16.1	%	$	333,298	$	294,733	13.1	%		$	186,262	$	172,705	7.8	%	$	376,086	$	333,298	12.8	%

Gross written premiums for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment (which represents ~~52.5%~~62.0% of our consolidated gross written premiums in the six months ended June 30, ~~2021)~~2022) increased ~~14.4%~~24.6% and ~~22.3%~~19.1% from the corresponding three and six month periods in the prior year. Total policy submissions for Core E&S lines (excluding commercial auto) declined 3.8% from the prior year, ~~respectively. Policy~~but renewal submissions ~~excluding commercial auto~~increased 18.3% and our ratio of bound policies ~~were higher by 0.8% and 16.9%~~to quoted policies improved generating 3.4% more bound policies ~~were bound~~ in the six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 than in the six months ended June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. The total number of policies in force for the segment increased 11.8% over the prior year. Renewal rates for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment were up ~~16.9%~~11.6% compared to the six months ended June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. The change in gross written premiums compared to the same period in ~~2020~~2021 was notable in several divisions as shown below:

Three Months Ended
June 30, % Six Months Ended
June 30, %
2021 2020 Change 2021 2020 Change
($ in thousands)
Excess Casualty $ 63,133 $ 49,594 27.3 % $ 131,534 $ 83,801 57.0 %
General Casualty 41,842 41,169 1.6 % 71,221 66,891 6.5 %
Manufacturers & Contractors 35,623 31,715 12.3 % 67,478 60,045 12.4 %
Excess Property 17,660 14,064 25.6 % 24,519 20,083 22.1 %
Allied Health 10,595 8,977 18.0 % 18,836 14,426 30.6 %
Small Business 8,623 6,481 33.1 % 16,085 12,110 32.8 %
All other Core E&S divisions 29,551 27,906 5.9 % 52,924 52,012 1.8 %
Total Core E&S divisions 207,027 179,906 15.1 % 382,597 309,368 23.7 %
Commercial Auto $ 6,987 $ 7,088 (1.4) % 12,775 13,823 (7.6) %
Excess and Surplus Lines gross written premium $ 214,014 $ 186,994 14.4 % $ 395,372 $ 323,191 22.3 %

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	Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%
	2022		2021		Change		2022		2021		Change
	($ in thousands)
Excess Casualty	$	84,769	$	63,133	34.3	%	$	154,951	$	131,534	17.8	%
General Casualty	55,119		41,842		31.7	%	89,514		71,221		25.7	%
Manufacturers & Contractors	42,229		35,623		18.5	%	78,028		67,478		15.6	%
Excess Property	19,744		17,660		11.8	%	29,548		24,519		20.5	%
Energy	12,143		10,949		10.9	%	24,173		21,720		11.3	%
Small Business	10,327		8,623		19.8	%	19,375		16,085		20.5	%
All other Core E&S divisions	31,668		29,197		8.5	%	56,287		50,040		12.5	%
Total Core E&S divisions	255,999		207,027		23.7	%	451,876		382,597		18.1	%
Commercial Auto	$	10,636	$	6,987	52.2	%	19,041		12,775		49.0	%
Excess and Surplus Lines gross written premium	$	266,635	$	214,014	24.6	%	$	470,917	$	395,372	19.1	%

The components of gross written premiums for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment (which represents ~~34.0%~~33.0% of our consolidated gross written premiums for the six months ended June 30, ~~2021)~~2022) are as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%			Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%
		2021		2020		Change		2021		2020		Change			2022		2021		Change		2022		2021		Change
		($ in thousands)													($ in thousands)
Individual risk workers’ compensation premium	Individual risk workers’ compensation premium	$	14,250	$	16,157	(11.8)	%	$	30,436	$	33,637	(9.5)	%	Individual risk workers’ compensation premium	$	11,870	$	14,250	(16.7)	%	$	27,489	$	30,436	(9.7)	%
Fronting and program premium	Fronting and program premium	114,939		72,283		59.0	%	225,789		157,605		43.3	%	Fronting and program premium	113,097		114,939		(1.6)	%	223,188		225,789		(1.2)	%
Specialty Admitted gross written premium	Specialty Admitted gross written premium	$	129,189	$	88,440	46.1	%	$	256,225	$	191,242	34.0	%	Specialty Admitted gross written premium	$	124,967	$	129,189	(3.3)	%	$	250,677	$	256,225	(2.2)	%

The declines in individual risk workers' compensation premium ~~growth in~~for the comparable three and six month periods are reflective of the difficult market conditions currently present for workers' compensation. Our fronting ~~and programs was driven by nine new fronting relationships that generated $21.6 million and $45.1 million of gross~~ written premium declined slightly from the prior year due to the loss of one relationship resulting from merger and acquisition activity at a general agent and a decline in written premium for our largest fronting relationship. Absent these two relationships, our fronting written premium increased by $11.3 million or 15.0% and $28.8 million or 20.6% for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, ~~and~~driven by continued growth in ~~existing programs which generated increases of $21.1 million and $21.9 million, respectively. Our~~newer fronting relationships. Gross written premium for our largest fronting relationship ~~produced~~declined from $30.3 million and $64.3 million ~~of gross written premium~~ for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, ~~compared~~ to ~~$30.1~~$26.6 million and ~~$62.8~~$54.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020 and representing 25.1%~~2022, respectively, reflecting a very competitive market for workers' compensation in California. Our largest fronting relationship represented 21.9% of the segment's gross written premium in the six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 down from ~~32.8%~~25.1% in the six months ended June 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

Gross written premiums for the Casualty Reinsurance segment (which represents ~~13.5%~~5.0% of our consolidated gross written premiums in the first six months of ~~2021) increased 41.0%~~2022) decreased 78.0% and ~~43.3%~~62.6% from the corresponding three and six month periods in the prior year, respectively. The ~~increase~~decreases primarily reflect our current strategic focus on downsizing the Casualty Reinsurance third party book, which has resulted in ~~gross written premiums was largely due to higher renewal premiums~~the nonrenewal of several treaties in the current year and lower participations on ~~a few treaties and a change in renewal date for one treaty.~~certain renewing treaties. The Casualty Reinsurance segment generally writes large casualty-focused treaties that are expected to have lower volatility relative to property and catastrophe treaties. We rarely write stand-alone property reinsurance. When treaties that include property exposure are written, we utilize property occurrence caps, inuring reinsurance protection and low individual risk limits to minimize exposure.

Table of Contents

Net Retention

~~The ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums is referred to as our net premium retention.~~ Our net premium retention is summarized by segment as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
Excess and Surplus Lines	Excess and Surplus Lines	63.2	%	67.8	%	61.6	%	67.8	%	Excess and Surplus Lines	62.3	%	63.2	%	61.9	%	61.6	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	Specialty Admitted Insurance	16.6	%	14.4	%	17.0	%	13.6	%	Specialty Admitted Insurance	14.7	%	16.6	%	15.4	%	17.0	%
Casualty Reinsurance	Casualty Reinsurance	100.0	%	100.0	%	79.7	%	77.8	%	Casualty Reinsurance	126.9	%	100.0	%	105.7	%	79.7	%
Total	Total	50.9	%	55.0	%	48.9	%	51.3	%	Total	48.7	%	50.9	%	48.8	%	48.9	%

The net premium retention for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment ~~decreased~~was relatively stable for the comparable three and six month periods. The segment's Excess Casualty division, which comprises approximately one-third of gross written premiums in the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, ~~as compared to~~cedes over 85% of written premiums under a reinsurance treaty and changes in growth rates of this division can impact comparable premium retention ratios for the ~~prior year periods due to growth in written premium in the Excess Casualty underwriting division, which has a higher percentage of ceded premium than our other divisions.~~segment.

The net premium retention for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment ~~increased~~decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared to the ~~respective periods in the~~ prior year periods primarily due to ~~higher retentions~~a lower retention in the fronting ~~business.~~business reflecting the mix of business and changes in reinsurance coverage as treaties renew. The net retention on the segment’s fronting business was 13.2% and 13.6% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 15.3% and 15.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, ~~respectively (10.8% and 10.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively).~~respectively. The net retention on the individual risk workers’ compensation business was 29.2% and 30.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 27.7% for both the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021 (30.5% and 29.9% for~~2021. The renewal of the ~~three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively).~~

~~The net premium~~workers' compensation quota share treaty on January 1, 2022 resulted in a higher retention for ~~the~~this business.

The Casualty Reinsurance segment ~~for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, reflects the impact of one~~previously wrote a retrocessional treaty/fronting arrangement under which 100% of the premiums ~~are~~were ceded. ~~Ceded~~The treaty was nonrenewed for 2022 and net retentions above 100% in the current year reflect adjustments to prior year assumed and ceded written premiums ~~under~~on the ~~treaty were $20.7 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to $15.8 million in the first quarter of 2020.~~treaty.

Segment Results

The following table presents our combined ratios by segment:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Excess and Surplus Lines	83.8	%	77.2	%	83.7	%	153.5	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	93.1	%	88.5	%	96.1	%	90.3	%
Casualty Reinsurance	93.2	%	109.2	%	109.8	%	107.4	%
Total	91.0	%	89.7	%	94.2	%	142.5	%

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~~Underwriting Results~~

~~The following table compares our combined ratios by segment:~~

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Excess and Surplus Lines 77.2 % 84.0 % 153.5 % 87.9 %
Specialty Admitted Insurance 88.5 % 90.1 % 90.3 % 98.4 %
Casualty Reinsurance 109.2 % 107.9 % 107.4 % 103.7 %
Total 89.7 % 95.0 % 142.5 % 97.8 %

Excess and Surplus Lines Segment

Results for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment are as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%			Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
		2021			2020			Change		2021			2020			Change			2022			2021			Change		2022			2021			Change
		($ in thousands)																	($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	214,014		$	186,994		14.4	%	$	395,372		$	323,191		22.3	%	Gross written premiums	$	266,635		$	214,014		24.6	%	$	470,917		$	395,372		19.1	%
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	$	135,163		$	126,814		6.6	%	$	243,596		$	219,020		11.2	%	Net written premiums	$	166,004		$	135,163		22.8	%	$	291,714		$	243,596		19.8	%
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	117,945		$	100,849		17.0	%	$	231,653		$	200,588		15.5	%	Net earned premiums	$	137,884		$	117,945		16.9	%	$	269,185		$	231,653		16.2	%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(69,594)			(63,410)			9.8	%	(311,336)			(128,939)			141.5	%	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(89,184)			(69,594)			28.1	%	(174,109)			(311,336)			(44.1)	%
Underwriting expenses	Underwriting expenses	(21,434)			(21,344)			0.4	%	(44,346)			(47,442)			(6.5)	%	Underwriting expenses	(26,366)			(21,434)			23.0	%	(51,285)			(44,346)			15.6	%
Underwriting profit (loss) (1), (2)		$	26,917		$	16,095		67.2	%	$	(124,029)		$	24,207		—
Underwriting profit (loss) (1)																		Underwriting profit (loss) (1)	$	22,334		$	26,917		(17.0)	%	$	43,791		$	(124,029)		—
Ratios:	Ratios:																	Ratios:
Loss ratio	Loss ratio	59.0		%	62.9		%			134.4		%	64.3		%			Loss ratio	64.7		%	59.0		%			64.7		%	134.4		%
Expense ratio	Expense ratio	18.2		%	21.1		%			19.1		%	23.6		%			Expense ratio	19.1		%	18.2		%			19.0		%	19.1		%
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	77.2		%	84.0		%			153.5		%	87.9		%			Combined ratio	83.8		%	77.2		%			83.7		%	153.5		%
Accident year loss ratio	Accident year loss ratio	65.3		%	65.7		%			64.8		%	65.7		%			Accident year loss ratio	64.7		%	65.3		%			64.7		%	64.8		%

(1)Underwriting Profit (Loss) is a non-GAAP Measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP ~~Measures” for a reconciliation to income (loss) before tax~~Measures.”

The Excess and ~~for additional information.~~

~~(2)Underwriting results for~~Surplus Lines segment produced underwriting profits of $22.3 million and $26.9 million (combined ratios of 83.8% and 77.2%) in the three ~~and six~~ months ended June 30, ~~2020 include gross fee income of $296,000~~2022 and ~~$1.6 million, respectively, related to Rasier, a former commercial auto account (none for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021).~~

~~The~~2021, respectively. A higher loss ratio of ~~59.0%~~64.7% for the three months ended June 30, ~~2021 includes $7.5 million of~~2022 compared to 59.0% in the prior year was primarily due to lower net favorable reserve development ~~(6.3 percentage points)~~ in our loss estimates for prior accident years ~~on Core E&S lines~~($32,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $7.5 million or 6.3 percentage points in the prior year).

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the segment produced an underwriting profit of ~~business.~~$43.8 million and a combined ratio of 83.7%. This compares to an underwriting loss of $124.0 million and a combined ratio of 153.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The loss ratio of 64.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 includes $91,000 of net favorable reserve development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The loss ratio of 134.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 includes $161.2 million of net adverse reserve development (69.6 percentage points) in our loss estimates for prior accident years, including ~~$8.8 million of net favorable development on Core E&S lines of business and~~ $170.0 million of net adverse reserve development on our commercial auto business that was almost entirely related to a previously canceled account that has been in runoff since 2019. The reported losses on this terminated commercial auto account meaningfully exceeded our expectations in the three months ended March 31, 2021. We had expected that reported losses would decline as the account moved further into runoff, but the continued heavy reported loss emergence in the first quarter of 2021 indicated more inherent severity than anticipated. In response, we meaningfully adjusted our actuarial methodology, resulting in a significant strengthening of reserves for this account. ~~In prior quarters, our actuarial work for this terminated~~

On September 27, 2021, James River Insurance Company and James River Casualty Company (together, “James River”) entered into a loss portfolio transfer agreement (the “LPT Agreement”) with Aleka Insurance, Inc. (“Aleka”), a captive insurance company affiliate of Rasier LLC, to reinsure substantially all of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment's legacy portfolio of commercial auto ~~account had been based on industry data, pricing data, experience data, average claims severity data,~~policies previously issued to Rasier LLC and ~~blended methodologies. However,~~its affiliates (collectively, “Rasier”) for which James River is not otherwise indemnified by Rasier. Under the ~~continuation~~terms of the ~~highly elevated reported losses~~transaction, effective as of July 1, 2021, James River ceded to Aleka approximately $345.1 million of commercial auto liabilities relating to Rasier policies written in the ~~first quarter of 2021 led~~years 2013-2019, which amount constituted the reinsurance premium. The reinsurance coverage is fully collateralized, not subject to an aggregate limit, and subject to certain exclusions.

Attractive market conditions for our Excess and Surplus Lines segment have enabled us to ~~conclude~~grow written and earned premiums. Net earned premiums of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment were up 16.9% and 16.2% over the corresponding three and six month periods in the prior year, respectively, including growth in lines that ~~using only our own loss experience in our paid~~have meaningful ceding commissions. The expense ratios for the Excess and ~~incurred reserve projections rather than the array of inputs that we had used in prior quarters,~~Surplus Lines segment were 19.1% and ~~giving greater weight to incurred methods, would give us a better estimate of ultimate losses on the this account. The loss ratios of 62.9% and 64.3%~~19.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020 include $2.8 million and $2.9 million (2.8 and 1.4 percentage points),~~2022, respectively, ~~of net favorable reserve development in our loss estimates for prior accident years.~~

~~The expense ratio for this segment decreased from 21.1% and 23.6% for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020, respectively,~~compared to 18.2% and 19.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021, respectively, due to increases of 18.4% and~~2021.

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17.4%, respectively, in Core E&S net earned premiums including in lines that have meaningful ceding commissions. Gross fee income related to a former commercial auto account contributed to reductions in the expense ratio of 0.3 and 0.8 percentage points for the three and six months ended~~June 30, 2020, respectively (none for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021).~~

~~As a result of the items discussed above, the underwriting results of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment increased from an underwriting profit of $16.1 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 to an underwriting profit of $26.9 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2021. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment had an underwriting loss of $124.0 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 compared to an underwriting profit of $24.2 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2020.~~

Specialty Admitted Insurance Segment

Results for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment are as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%			Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
		2021			2020			Change		2021			2020			Change			2022			2021			Change		2022			2021			Change
		($ in thousands)																	($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	129,189		$	88,440		46.1	%	$	256,225		$	191,242		34.0	%	Gross written premiums	$	124,967		$	129,189		(3.3)	%	$	250,677		$	256,225		(2.2)	%
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	$	21,498		$	12,739		68.8	%	$	43,503		$	26,095		66.7	%	Net written premiums	$	18,390		$	21,498		(14.5)	%	$	38,595		$	43,503		(11.3)	%
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	18,595		$	14,392		29.2	%	$	34,952		$	27,675		26.3	%	Net earned premiums	$	18,141		$	18,595		(2.4)	%	$	37,459		$	34,952		7.2	%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(13,366)			(10,559)			26.6	%	(24,108)			(20,464)			17.8	%	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(13,217)			(13,366)			(1.1)	%	(28,652)			(24,108)			18.8	%
Underwriting expenses	Underwriting expenses	(3,091)			(2,403)			28.6	%	(7,440)			(6,769)			9.9	%	Underwriting expenses	(3,672)			(3,091)			18.8	%	(7,346)			(7,440)			(1.3)	%
Underwriting profit (1), (2)	Underwriting profit (1), (2)	$	2,138		$	1,430		49.5	%	$	3,404		$	442		670.1	%	Underwriting profit (1), (2)	$	1,252		$	2,138		(41.4)	%	$	1,461		$	3,404		(57.1)	%
Ratios:	Ratios:																	Ratios:
Loss ratio	Loss ratio	71.9		%	73.4		%			69.0		%	73.9		%			Loss ratio	72.9		%	71.9		%			76.5		%	69.0		%
Expense ratio	Expense ratio	16.6		%	16.7		%			21.3		%	24.5		%			Expense ratio	20.2		%	16.6		%			19.6		%	21.3		%
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	88.5		%	90.1		%			90.3		%	98.4		%			Combined ratio	93.1		%	88.5		%			96.1		%	90.3		%
Accident year loss ratio	Accident year loss ratio	77.3		%	80.3		%			74.7		%	81.2		%			Accident year loss ratio	81.4		%	77.3		%			80.4		%	74.7		%

(1)Underwriting Profit is a non-GAAP Measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP ~~Measures” for a reconciliation to income before tax and for additional information.~~Measures.”

(2)Underwriting results include gross fee income of ~~$5.4~~$5.9 million and ~~$10.6~~$11.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively ($5.4 million and ~~$9.6~~$10.6 million in the respective prior year periods).

The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment generated underwriting profits of $1.3 million and $2.1 million (combined ratios of 93.1% and 88.5%) in the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The loss ratios of 72.9% and 71.9% include $1.5 million and $1.0 million (8.5 and 5.4 percentage points), respectively, of net favorable development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The impact of the ~~same periods~~higher net favorable development in the current year was offset by a higher current accident year loss ratio (81.4% compared to 77.3% in the prior year). which reflects current actuarial indications and higher loss trends in the business.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the segment produced underwriting profits of $1.5 million and $3.4 million (combined ratios of 96.1% and 90.3%), respectively. The loss ratios of ~~71.9%~~76.5% and 69.0% ~~for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2021~~ include ~~$1.0~~$1.5 million and $2.0 million ~~(5.4~~(4.0 and 5.7 percentage points), respectively, of net favorable development in our loss estimates for prior accident ~~years. The loss ratios of 73.4% and 73.9% for the three and six months ended~~June 30, 2020 include $1.0 million and $2.0 million (6.9 and 7.3 percentage points), respectively, of net favorable development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The favorable reserve development for both periods reflects the fact that actualyears reflecting lower loss emergence ofin the workers’ compensation book ~~has been better than expected.~~

compared to expectations. The higher current accident year loss ratio (80.4% compared to 74.7% in the prior year) was the biggest driver of the higher overall loss ratio, and consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2022, reflects current actuarial indications and higher loss trends in the business. The expense ratio of ~~the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment was 16.6% and 21.3%~~19.6% for the ~~three and~~ six months endedJune 30, ~~2021, respectively, compared to~~2022 improved from the prior year ~~ratios~~ratio of ~~16.7% and 24.5%~~21.3%, ~~respectively. The improvement was~~ driven by the growth in net earned premiums and higher fee income, which increased ~~1.1% and 10.2%~~8.2% over the ~~respective three and~~ six ~~month periods in the prior year~~months endedJune 30, 2021 due to the growth in our fronting business.

Underwriting results for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were favorably impacted by a $1.2 million adjustment to fee income on one fronted program (a reduction in commission expense, representing an 8.4 and 3.7 point reduction in the combined ratio for the respective periods).

As a result of the items discussed above, the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment had an underwriting profit of $2.1 million and $3.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to an underwriting profit of $1.4 million and $442,000 for the three and six months ended~~June 30, 2020, respectively.~~

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Casualty Reinsurance Segment

Results for the Casualty Reinsurance segment are as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%			Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
		2021			2020			Change		2021			2020			Change			2022			2021			Change		2022			2021			Change
		($ in thousands)																	($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	36,943		$	26,205		41.0	%	$	101,804		$	71,047		43.3	%	Gross written premiums	$	8,112		$	36,943		(78.0)	%	$	38,056		$	101,804		(62.6)	%
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	$	36,943		$	26,204		41.0	%	$	81,104		$	55,296		46.7	%	Net written premiums	$	10,297		$	36,943		(72.1)	%	$	40,241		$	81,104		(50.4)	%
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	36,165		$	33,574		7.7	%	$	66,693		$	66,470		0.3	%	Net earned premiums	$	30,237		$	36,165		(16.4)	%	$	69,442		$	66,693		4.1	%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(27,040)			(24,777)			9.1	%	(48,056)			(46,199)			4.0	%	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(18,968)			(27,040)			(29.9)	%	(54,216)			(48,056)			12.8	%
Underwriting expenses	Underwriting expenses	(12,446)			(11,434)			8.9	%	(23,583)			(22,701)			3.9	%	Underwriting expenses	(9,210)			(12,446)			(26.0)	%	(22,004)			(23,583)			(6.7)	%
Underwriting loss (1)		$	(3,321)		$	(2,637)		25.9	%	$	(4,946)		$	(2,430)		103.5	%
Underwriting profit (loss) (1)																		Underwriting profit (loss) (1)	$	2,059		$	(3,321)		—		$	(6,778)		$	(4,946)		37.0	%
Ratios:	Ratios:																	Ratios:
Loss ratio	Loss ratio	74.8		%	73.8		%			72.1		%	69.5		%			Loss ratio	62.7		%	74.8		%			78.1		%	72.1		%
Expense ratio	Expense ratio	34.4		%	34.1		%			35.3		%	34.2		%			Expense ratio	30.5		%	34.4		%			31.7		%	35.3		%
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	109.2		%	107.9		%			107.4		%	103.7		%			Combined ratio	93.2		%	109.2		%			109.8		%	107.4		%
Accident year loss ratio	Accident year loss ratio	60.9		%	59.0		%			60.8		%	59.2		%			Accident year loss ratio	62.7		%	60.9		%			68.3		%	60.8		%

(1)Underwriting Loss is a non-GAAP Measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP ~~Measures”~~Measures.”

The Casualty Reinsurance segment produced an underwriting profit of $2.1 million and a combined ratio of 93.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to an underwriting loss of $3.3 million and a ~~reconciliation~~combined ratio of 109.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2021. The loss ratio improved from 74.8% in the prior three month period to 62.7% in the current year, driven mainly by the impact of $5.0 million or 13.9 percentage points of net adverse development in our loss ~~before tax and~~estimates for ~~additional information.~~prior accident years in the three months ended June 30, 2021. As outlined in the “Strategic Actions” above, on February 23, 2022, JRG Re entered into the Retrocession Agreement to reinsure the majority of the Casualty Reinsurance segment's reserves. No prior accident year reserve development was recognized for this segment in the three months ended June 30, 2022.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the segment had underwriting losses of $6.8 million and $4.9 million (combined ratios of 109.8% and 107.4%), respectively. The loss ratio of 78.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 includes losses of $11.5 million or 16.6 points (including $6.8 million or 9.8 points of net adverse reserve development on prior accident years and $4.7 million of current accident year losses) recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2022 associated with the Retrocession Agreement. The loss ratio of 72.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 includes $7.5 million or 11.2 percentage points of net adverse development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The higher year to date current accident year loss ratio (68.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to 60.8% in the prior year period) primarily reflects the $4.7 million or 6.8 points of current accident year losses associated with the Retrocession Agreement.

The Casualty Reinsurance segment focuses on ~~lower volatility,~~ proportional reinsurance which requires larger ceding commissions resulting in a higher commission expense than in our other segments.

The ~~loss~~expense ratios of ~~74.8%~~the Casualty Reinsurance segment were 30.5% and ~~72.1%~~31.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, ~~include $5.0 million~~compared to 34.4% and ~~$7.5 million (13.9~~35.3% in the corresponding prior year periods. Net earned premiums decreased 16.4% and ~~11.2 percentage points), respectively, of net adverse development in our loss estimates for~~increased 4.1% versus the corresponding three and six month prior ~~accident years. The loss ratios of 73.8% and 69.5%~~year periods, with the decrease for the three ~~and six~~ months endedJune 30, ~~2020, respectively, include $5.0 million and $6.9 million (14.8 and 10.3 percentage points), respectively, of net adverse development in our loss estimates for prior accident years.~~

~~The expense ratio~~2022 reflective of the ~~Casualty Reinsurance segment was 34.4%~~earned premiums ceded under the Retrocession Agreement and ~~35.3% for~~our current focus on downsizing the third party book of the segment. Commissions were lower compared to the respective three and six ~~months endedJune 30, 2021, respectively, compared to 34.1% and 34.2% in the respective~~month prior year ~~periods. Commission~~periods due to the mix of business and commission slide adjustments related to incurred losses ~~increased~~which decreased the expense ratio by ~~1.2~~1.7 and ~~2.1~~0.1 points in the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, compared to ~~an increase~~increases of ~~0.4 points~~0.8 and ~~a decrease of 0.8~~1.9 points in the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020, respectively.~~

~~As a result of the items discussed above, underwriting results~~2021. General and administrative expenses were also lower for the ~~Casualty Reinsurance segment declined from underwriting losses of $2.6 million and $2.4 million for the three and~~ six months endedJune 30, ~~2020, respectively, to underwriting losses of $3.3 million~~2022 driven primarily by lower compensation and ~~$4.9 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2021, respectively.~~

~~Reserves~~

~~An indicator of reserve strength that we monitor closely is the percentage of our gross and net loss reserves that are comprised of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves.~~

The Company’s gross reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30, 2021 was $2,447.0 million. Of this amount, 60.4% relates to amounts that are IBNR. This amount was 58.7% at December 31, 2020. The Company’s gross reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses by segment are summarized as follows:

Gross Reserves at June 30, 2021
Case IBNR Total
($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 566,154 $ 910,937 $ 1,477,091
Specialty Admitted Insurance 270,196 380,994 651,190
Casualty Reinsurance 132,875 185,846 318,721
Total $ 969,225 $ 1,477,777 $ 2,447,002

~~Table of Contents~~

~~At June 30, 2021, the amount of net reserves prior to the $335,000 allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables of $1,511.1 million that~~ related ~~to IBNR was 57.8%. This amount was 55.3% at December 31, 2020. The Company’s net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses by segment are summarized as follows:~~

Net Reserves at June 30, 2021
Case IBNR Total
($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 466,110 $ 639,760 $ 1,105,870
Specialty Admitted Insurance 39,871 57,737 97,608
Casualty Reinsurance 130,989 176,639 307,628
Total $ 636,970 $ 874,136 $ 1,511,106

~~Other Operating Expenses~~

In addition to the underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and the Casualty Reinsurance segment discussed previously, other operating expenses also include the expenses of the Corporate and Other segment.expenses.

Corporate and Other Segment

Other operating expenses for the Corporate and Other segment include personnel costs associated with the Bermuda and U.S. holding companies, professional fees, and various other corporate expenses that are included in our calculation of our expense ratio and our combined ratio. Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment represent the expenses of both the Bermuda and U.S. holding companies that were not reimbursed by our subsidiaries, including costs associated with our internal quota share, rating agencies and strategic initiatives. ~~These costs vary from period-to-period based on the status~~The expenses are included in our calculation of ~~these initiatives.~~consolidated underwriting profit, and in our consolidated expense ratio and combined ratio.

Total operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment were $8.9 million and $16.8 million and for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $7.9 million and $16.0 million for the three and six months ended~~June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to $7.5 million and $15.8 million for the same periods in the prior year.~~

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June 30, 2021. The higher current year expenses as compared to the respective three and six month periods in the prior year were largely driven by higher compensation expenses.

Investing Results

Net investment income was ~~$14.3~~$14.7 million and ~~$29.4~~$31.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, compared to ~~$15.4~~$14.3 million and ~~$36.2~~$29.4 million for the same periods in the prior year. The Company's private investments generated losses of $489,000 and income of ~~$834,000 and $1.2~~$2.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, compared to income of~~$444,000~~ $834,000 and ~~$961,000~~$1.2 million in the respective prior year periods. Excluding private investments, our net investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021 decreased 9.3%~~2022 increased 12.4% and ~~19.7%~~1.0% from the prior year, respectively, principally due to ~~lower investment income from~~higher yields on fixed maturities and bank loan ~~participations resulting from a smaller portfolio and lower investment yields.~~participations. The average duration of our portfolio excluding restricted cash equivalents was ~~3.9~~4.2 years at June 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

Major categories of the Company’s net investment income are summarized as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		($ in thousands)									($ in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities	Fixed maturity securities	$	10,700	$	10,991	$	22,246	$	22,065	Fixed maturity securities	$	11,818	$	10,700	$	22,611	$	22,246
Bank loan participations	Bank loan participations	2,521		3,124		5,394		7,272		Bank loan participations	2,709		2,521		5,062		5,394
Equity securities	Equity securities	1,201		1,265		2,411		2,431		Equity securities	1,315		1,201		2,549		2,411
Other invested assets:	Other invested assets:									Other invested assets:
Renewable energy investments	Renewable energy investments	399		113		(282)		1,113		Renewable energy investments	253		399		2,934		(282)
Other private investments	Other private investments	435		331		1,450		(152)		Other private investments	(742)		435		(524)		1,450
		834		444		1,168		961			(489)		834		2,410		1,168
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents and short-term investments	Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents and short-term investments	68		855		173		6,014		Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents and short-term investments	348		68		380		173
Gross investment income	Gross investment income	15,324		16,679		31,392		38,743		Gross investment income	15,701		15,324		33,012		31,392
Investment expense	Investment expense	(976)		(1,329)		(1,955)		(2,557)		Investment expense	(996)		(976)		(2,040)		(1,955)
Net investment income	Net investment income	$	14,348	$	15,350	$	29,437	$	36,186	Net investment income	$	14,705	$	14,348	$	30,972	$	29,437

The following table summarizes our annualized gross investment returns:

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Annualized gross investment yield on:
Average cash and invested assets 2.5 % 2.8 % 2.6 % 3.0 %
Average fixed maturity securities 2.6 % 3.0 % 2.7 % 3.1 %


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

Cash and invested assets	2.5	%	2.5	%	2.7	%	2.6	%
Fixed maturity securities	3.0	%	2.6	%	2.9	%	2.7	%

Of our total cash and invested assets of ~~$2,563.2~~$2,388.8 million at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 (excluding restricted cash equivalents), ~~$360.9~~$350.7 million represents the cash and cash equivalents portion of the portfolio. The majority of the portfolio, or ~~$1,845.1~~$1,597.7 million, is comprised of fixed maturity securities that are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses on these securities reported, net of applicable taxes, as a separate component of accumulated comprehensive (loss) income. In the six months ended June 30, 2022, the fair values of our fixed maturity securities were negatively impacted by a heightened inflationary environment and rate actions of the Federal Reserve, which led to higher interest rates and lower fair values of our fixed maturity securities. Unrealized losses on fixed maturities recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income resulted in an $144.6 million reduction in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Also included in our investments are ~~$165.2~~$159.9 million of bank loan participations, ~~$95.3~~$98.7 million of equity securities, ~~$39.7~~$130.4 million of short-term investments, and ~~$57.0~~$51.3 million of other invested assets.

In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020, the Company elected the fair value option in accounting for its portfolio of bank loan participations. Under the fair value option, bank loan participations are measured at fair value, and changes in unrealized gains and losses in bank loan participations are reported in our income statement as net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments.

Bank loan participations generally provide a higher yield than our portfolio of fixed maturity securities and are primarily senior, secured floating-rate debt rated “BB”, “B”, or “CCC” by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized statistical rating organization, and are therefore below investment grade. Bank loans include assignments of and participations in performing and non-performing senior corporate debt generally acquired through primary bank syndications and in secondary markets. They consist of, but are not limited to, term loans, the funded and unfunded portions of revolving credit ~~loans,~~facilities, and similar loans and investments. Bank loan participations are measured at fair value pursuant to the

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Company's election of the fair value option, and changes in unrealized gains and losses in bank loan participations are reported in our income statement as net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments. At June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, the fair market value of these securities was ~~$165.2~~$159.9 million and ~~$147.6~~$156.0 million, respectively.

~~Table~~For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized net realized and unrealized investment losses of ~~Contents~~

$22.1 million ($17.1 million of net realized and unrealized investment losses for the three months ended June 30, 2022), including $11.8 million of net unrealized losses on bank loan participations, $11.0 million of net unrealized losses for the change in the fair value of equity securities, $1.3 million of net realized investment gains on the sale of fixed maturity securities, $193,000 of net realized investment losses on the sale of bank loan participations, and $352,000 of net realized investment losses on the sale of equity securities.

For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized net realized and unrealized investment gains of $9.8 million ($3.5 million of net realized and unrealized investment gains for the three months ended June 30, 2021), including $6.3 million of net unrealized gains on bank loan participations, $3.2 million of net unrealized gains for the change in the fair value of equity securities, $1.2 million of net realized investment gains on the sale of fixed maturity securities, $465,000 of net realized investment losses on the sale of bank loan participations, and $384,000 of net realized investment losses on the sale of equity securities.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized net realized and unrealized investment losses of $36.8 million ($21.6 million of net realized and unrealized investment gains for the three months ended June 30, 2020), including $17.4 million of net unrealized losses on bank loan participations, $9.3 million of net unrealized losses for the change in the fair value of equity securities, $10.6 million of net realized investment losses on the sale of bank loan securities, and $520,000 of net realized investment gains on the sale of fixed maturity securities.

In conjunction with its outside investment managers, the Company performs quarterly reviews of all securities within its investment portfolio to determine whether any impairment has occurred. Management concluded that none of its fixed maturity securities were impaired at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 or December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. At June 30, ~~2021, 99.5%~~2022, 99.6% of the Company’s fixed maturity security portfolio was rated “BBB-” or better (“investment grade”) by Standard & Poor’s or received an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. Management does not intend to sell available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs.

The amortized cost and fair value of our available-for-sale fixed maturity securities were as follows:


		June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020							June 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
		Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value			Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value
		($ in thousands)													($ in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:													Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
State and municipal	State and municipal	$	337,445	$	353,158	19.1	%	$	277,241	$	296,405	16.6	%	State and municipal	$	340,365	$	302,405	18.9	%	$	323,773	$	333,717	19.9	%
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	282,773		285,981		15.5	%	286,104		293,848		16.5	%	Residential mortgage-backed	312,407		290,555		18.2	%	246,586		246,631		14.7	%
Corporate	Corporate	742,324		776,475		42.1	%	715,145		766,822		43.0	%	Corporate	656,466		606,821		38.0	%	711,930		732,335		43.7	%
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	332,316		339,941		18.4	%	314,911		326,719		18.3	%	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	340,434		322,204		20.2	%	301,247		304,488		18.2	%

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	88,409		89,499		4.9	%	97,489		99,848		5.6	%	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	78,545		75,710		4.7	%	60,329		60,390		3.5	%

Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,783,267	$	1,845,054	100.0	%	$	1,690,890	$	1,783,642	100.0	%	Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,728,217	$	1,597,695	100.0	%	$	1,643,865	$	1,677,561	100.0	%

The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s portfolio of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by rating as of June 30, ~~2021~~2022:


Standard & Poor’s or Equivalent Designation	Standard & Poor’s or Equivalent Designation	Fair Value		% of Total		Standard & Poor’s or Equivalent Designation	Fair Value		% of Total
		($ in thousands)					($ in thousands)
AAA	AAA	$	382,525	20.7	%	AAA	$	385,257	24.1	%
AA	AA	676,529		36.7	%	AA	613,162		38.4	%
A	A	566,737		30.7	%	A	444,758		27.8	%
BBB	BBB	209,125		11.3	%	BBB	147,790		9.3	%
Below BBB and unrated	Below BBB and unrated	10,138		0.6	%	Below BBB and unrated	6,728		0.4	%
Total	Total	$	1,845,054	100.0	%	Total	$	1,597,695	100.0	%

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At June 30, 2021, our portfolio of fixed maturity securities contained corporate fixed maturity securities (available-for-sale) with a fair value of $776.5 million. A summary of these securities by industry segment is shown below as of ~~June 30, 2021~~:

Industry Fair Value % of Total
($ in thousands)
Industrials and Other $ 196,567 25.3 %
Financial 192,887 24.8 %
Consumer Discretionary 118,526 15.3 %
Health Care 90,803 11.7 %
Consumer Staples 57,971 7.5 %
Utilities 119,721 15.4 %
Total $ 776,475 100.0 %

~~Corporate fixed maturity securities (available-for-sale) include publicly traded securities and privately placed bonds as shown below as of~~ ~~June 30, 2021~~:

Public/Private Fair Value % of Total
($ in thousands)
Publicly traded $ 702,608 90.5 %
Privately placed 73,867 9.5 %
Total $ 776,475 100.0 %

The amortized cost and fair value of our available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities summarized by contractual maturity are as follows:


		June 30, 2021							June 30, 2022
		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Value			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Value
		($ in thousands)							($ in thousands)
Due in:	Due in:							Due in:
One year or less	One year or less	$	122,086	$	123,390	6.7	%	One year or less	$	65,952	$	65,352	4.1	%
After one year through five years	After one year through five years	469,124		491,034		26.6	%	After one year through five years	431,295		414,082		25.9	%
After five years through ten years	After five years through ten years	321,114		332,544		18.0	%	After five years through ten years	325,615		289,925		18.1	%
After ten years	After ten years	255,854		272,164		14.8	%	After ten years	252,514		215,577		13.5	%
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	282,773		285,981		15.5	%	Residential mortgage-backed	312,407		290,555		18.2	%
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	332,316		339,941		18.4	%	Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	340,434		322,204		20.2	%

Total	Total	$	1,783,267	$	1,845,054	100.0	%	Total	$	1,728,217	$	1,597,695	100.0	%

At Other Income and Expense

Other income and expense primarily consists of non-operating expenses of $— and $347,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, and $811,000 and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. The non-operating expenses include legal fees related to a purported class action lawsuit, legal and other professional fees related to the ~~Company had no investments in securitizations of alternative-A mortgages or sub-prime mortgages.~~Company's May 2021 common share offering and various strategic initiatives, and employee severance costs.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was ~~$2.2~~$4.0 million and ~~$3.0~~$2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020,~~2021, respectively ($~~4.5~~6.3 million and ~~$5.8~~$4.5 million for the ~~respective~~ six ~~month periods)~~months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively). Interest expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 includes $1.3 million of crediting fees on the Funds Withheld Account balance under the Retrocession Agreement. The impact of rising interest rates on our variable rate senior and trust preferred debt also contributed to the higher current year interest expense. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Sources and Uses of Funds” for more information regarding our senior bank debt facilities and trust preferred securities.

Amortization of Intangibles

The Company recorded $91,000 ~~and $149,000~~ of amortization of intangible assets ~~for~~in each of the three months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020, respectively~~2021 ($182,000 in each of the six months ended June 30, 2022 and ~~$298,000 for the respective six month periods)~~2021).

Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate fluctuates from period to period based on the relative mix of income reported by country and the respective tax rates imposed by each tax jurisdiction. For U.S.-sourced income, the Company’s U.S. federal income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income before taxes due primarily to interest income on tax-advantaged state and municipal securities, dividends received income, and excess tax benefits on share based compensation. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, our effective tax rate was 24.9%. The ~~Company had~~effective rate exceeded the 21.0% U.S. statutory rate due to a ~~pre-tax~~projected annual loss ~~of $108.3 million for~~in Bermuda that does not provide a tax benefit and certain discreet items including excess tax expenses associated with vested restricted share units (“RSUs”) in the six months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, ~~and recorded a U.S. federal income~~we had an effective tax benefit that was 23.7% of ~~$25.7 million.~~our pre-tax loss. The pre-tax loss six months ended June 30, 2021 was largely driven by the $166.7 million of net adverse

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reserve development on prior accident years, including $161.2 million of net adverse development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment that was primarily related to a former commercial auto account. ~~For~~

Reserves

An indicator of reserve strength that we monitor closely is the ~~six months ended~~percentage of our gross and net loss reserves that are comprised of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves.

The Company’s gross reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30, ~~2021, our U.S. federal income tax benefit~~2022 was ~~23.7%~~$2,730.6 million. Of this amount, 59.5% relates to amounts that are IBNR. This amount was 59.6% at December 31, 2021. The Company’s gross reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses by segment are summarized as follows:

Table of ~~the loss before taxes. The Company had a pre-tax loss of $1.5 million for the six months ended~~Contents


	Gross Reserves at June 30, 2022
	Case		IBNR		Total
	($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	641,393	$	941,339	$	1,582,732
Specialty Admitted Insurance	321,591		392,236		713,827
Casualty Reinsurance	142,517		291,555		434,072
Total	$	1,105,501	$	1,625,130	$	2,730,631

At June 30, ~~2020~~2022, the amount of net reserves (prior to the $601,000 allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables) of $1,159.1 million that related to IBNR was 62.9%. This amount was 64.4% at December 31, 2021. The Company’s net reserves for losses and ~~recorded a U.S. federal income tax benefit of $257,000. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our U.S. federal income tax benefit was 17.6% of the~~ loss before taxes. The change in effective tax rate for the two periods reflects changes in reserve estimates between accident years in the commercial auto business, and the related impact on the mix of income reportedadjustment expenses by ~~country in those respective periods.~~segment are summarized as follows:


	Net Reserves at June 30, 2022
	Case		IBNR		Total
	($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	329,702	$	581,184	$	910,886
Specialty Admitted Insurance	44,712		64,352		109,064
Casualty Reinsurance	55,671		83,524		139,195
Total	$	430,085	$	729,060	$	1,159,145

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Sources and Uses of Funds

~~Offering~~Our sources of ~~Common Shares~~funds consist primarily of premiums written, investment income, reinsurance recoveries, proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments, borrowings on our credit facilities, and the issuance of common and Series A Preferred Shares. We use operating cash flows primarily to pay operating expenses, losses and loss adjustment expenses, reinsurance premiums, and income taxes. Cash flow from operations may differ substantially from net income. The potential for a large claim under an insurance or reinsurance contract means that substantial and unpredictable payments may need to be made within relatively short periods of time.

~~On May 10,~~The following table summarizes our cash flows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
	($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in):
Operating activities (excluding restricted cash equivalents)	$	139,227	$	43,392
Investing activities	(75,060)		(13,591)
Financing activities	96,450		168,870
Change in cash and cash equivalents	160,617		198,671
Change in restricted cash equivalents (operating activities)	94		(136,395)
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents	$	160,711	$	62,276

Cash provided by operating activities excluding restricted cash equivalents was $139.2 million and $43.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, reflecting the ~~Company closed~~growth in our U.S. segments and the ~~offering and public sale (the “Offering”)~~collection of ~~an aggregate of 6,497,500 of the Company’s common shares~~premiums receivable at a ~~public offering price~~quicker rate than payments of ~~$31.00 per share.~~loss and loss adjustment expenses.

Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 reflects our efforts to enhance the yield in our investment portfolio by investing available cash and cash equivalents into higher yielding investments. Cash and cash equivalents (excluding restricted cash equivalents) comprised 14.7% and 14.1% of total cash and invested assets at June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 includes $144.9 million of net proceeds (after expenses) from the issuance and sale of 150,000 Series A Preferred Shares on March 1, 2022. The ~~Company received~~proceeds were used for general corporate purposes and to repay $40.0 million of loans outstanding on the 2017 Facility (as defined below) on March 28, 2022. Financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 also include $4.0 million of dividends paid to common shareholders and $3.5 million of dividends paid on the Series A Preferred Shares.

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Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 includes $192.1 million of net proceeds (before expenses) from ~~the Offering~~a public offering of ~~$192.1 million, which~~our common shares that closed on May 10, 2021. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. Financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 also includes $20.8 million of dividends paid to common shareholders.

The ~~common shares were offered~~change in restricted cash equivalents for the six months ended June 30, 2021 primarily reflects restricted cash equivalents returned to a former insured, per the terms of a collateral trust. See Amounts Recoverable from an Indemnifying Party and ~~sold pursuant to an underwriting agreement entered into by the Company, Barclays Capital, Inc., and Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters named therein.~~Reinsurer on Legacy Commercial Auto Book below.

Dividends

We are organized as a Bermuda holding company with our operations conducted by our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Accordingly, our holding company may receive cash through loans from banks, issuance of ~~common shares, borrowings on our credit facilities,~~equity and debt securities, corporate service fees or dividends received from our subsidiaries and/or other transactions. Our U.S. holding company may receive cash in a similar manner and also through payments from our subsidiaries pursuant to our U.S. consolidated tax allocation agreement.

The payment of dividends by our subsidiaries to us is limited by statute. In general, the laws and regulations applicable to our domestic insurance subsidiaries limit the aggregate amount of dividends or other distributions that they may declare or pay within any 12-month period without advance regulatory approval. Generally, the limitations are based on the greater of statutory net income for the preceding year or 10.0% of statutory surplus at the end of the preceding year. James River paid a $17.0 million dividend to the U.S. holding company in the three months ended March 31, 2021, reducing the maximum amount of dividends available to the U.S. holding company from our U.S. insurance subsidiaries during the remainder of 2021 without regulatory approval to $11.6 million. However,In addition, insurance regulators have broad powers to prevent ~~the~~ reduction of statutory surplus to inadequate levels and could refuse to permit the payment of dividends calculated under any applicable formula. See Item 1— “Business Regulation—U.S. Insurance Regulation—State Regulation” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022 for additional information. The maximum amount of dividends available to the U.S. holding company from our U.S. insurance subsidiaries during 2022 without regulatory approval is $27.2 million.

The Bermuda Insurance Act of 1978 prohibits an insurer from declaring or paying a dividend if it is in breach of its minimum solvency margin, its enhanced capital requirement, or its minimum liquidity ratio, or if the declaration or payment of such dividend would cause such a breach. An insurer can declare or pay dividends without prior regulatory approval up to 25% of the total statutory capital and ~~surplus. The~~surplus (as shown on its previous financial year's statutory balance sheet). See Item 1- “Business Regulation- Bermuda Insurance Regulation- Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022 for additional information. Based on that calculation, the maximum combined amount of dividends and return of capital available to us from our Bermuda insurers without regulatory approval in ~~2021~~2022 is calculated to be approximately ~~$153.8~~$129.7 million. However, any dividend payment is contingent upon continued compliance with Bermuda regulatory requirements, including but not limited to the enhanced solvency requirement calculations.

Holders of the Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to a dividend at the initial rate of 7% of the Liquidation Preference per annum, paid in cash, in-kind in common shares or in Series A Preferred Shares, at our election. On the five-year anniversary of the Closing Date, and each five-year anniversary thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to a rate equal to the five-year U.S. treasury rate plus 5.2%. Dividends accrue quarterly and are payable on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, and commenced with a cash dividend of $3.5 million paid on June 30, 2022 (which amount represents the dividends from March 1, 2022, the date the Series A Preferred Shares were issued, through June 30, 2022).

At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Bermuda holding company had ~~$1.8~~$1.5 million of cash and cash equivalents. The U.S. holding company had ~~$16.6~~$23.8 million of cash and invested assets, comprised of cash and cash equivalents of ~~$5.2~~$4.3 million, short-term investments of $12.0 million, and other invested assets of ~~$11.4~~$7.5 million, which are not subject to regulatory restrictions. Additionally, our U.K. intermediate holding company had no invested assets and cash of less than ten thousand dollars at June 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

Credit Agreements

The Company has a $315.0 million senior revolving credit facility (as amended or amended and restated, the “2013 Facility”). The 2013 Facility is comprised of the following at June 30, ~~2021:~~2022:

•A $102.5 million secured revolving facility used by JRG Re to issue letters of credit for the benefit of third-party reinsureds. This portion of our credit facility is secured by our investment securities. At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had ~~$89.5~~$38.2 million of letters of credit issued under the secured facility.

•A $212.5 million unsecured revolving facility to meet the working capital needs of the Company. All unpaid principal on the revolver is due at maturity. Interest accrues quarterly and is payable in arrears at 3-month LIBOR plus a margin which is currently ~~1.625%~~1.5% and is subject to change according to terms in the credit agreement. At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had a drawn balance of $185.8 million outstanding on the unsecured revolver.

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The 2013 Facility has been amended from time to time since its inception in 2013. On November 8, 2019, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement for the 2013 Facility which, among other things, extended the

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maturity date of the 2013 Facility until November 8, 2024, increased the amount available under the unsecured revolving credit facility to $212.5 million, lowered the applicable interest rate and letter of credit fees, and modified certain negative covenants to be less restrictive.

The 2013 Facility contains certain financial and other covenants (including minimum net worth, maximum ratio of total adjusted debt outstanding to total capitalization, and financial strength ratings) with which the Company was in compliance at June 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

On August 2, 2017, the Company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, JRG Re, together as borrowers, entered into a credit agreement (the "2017 Facility") that provides the Company with a revolving line of credit of up to $100.0 million, which may be used for loans and letters of credit made or issued, at the borrowers' option, on a secured or unsecured basis. Obligations under the 2017 Facility carry a variable rate of interest subject to terms in the credit agreement and will mature 30 days after notice of termination from the lender. The 2017 Facility contains certain financial and other covenants with which we are in compliance at June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The loans and letters of credit made or issued under the revolving line of credit of the 2017 Facility may be used to finance the borrowers' general corporate purposes. OnThe 2017 Facility has been amended from time to time since its inception in 2017, including on November 8, 2019 when the Company entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement which, among other things, lowered the applicable interest rate and modified certain negative covenants to be less restrictive. Interest accrues quarterly and is payable in arrears at variable rates which are subject to change according to terms in the credit agreement. At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, unsecured loans of ~~$61.5~~$21.5 million and secured letters of credit totaling ~~$15.1~~$22.6 million were outstanding on the 2017 Facility. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repaid $40.0 million of loans that were outstanding under the 2017 Facility.

On May 26, 2004, we issued $15.0 million of senior debt due April 29, 2034. The senior debt is not redeemable by the holder or subject to sinking fund requirements. Interest accrues quarterly and is payable in arrears at a floating rate per annum equal to the 3-month LIBOR plus 3.85%. This senior debt is redeemable at par prior to its stated maturity at our option in whole or in part. The terms of the senior debt contain certain covenants, with which we are in compliance at June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, and which, among other things, restrict our ability to assume senior indebtedness secured by our U.S. holding company’s common stock or its subsidiaries’ capital stock or to issue shares of its subsidiaries’ capital stock.

From May 2004 through January 2008, we sold trust preferred securities through five Delaware statutory trusts sponsored and wholly-owned by the Company or its subsidiaries. Each trust used the net proceeds from the sale of its trust preferred securities to purchase our floating-rate junior subordinated debt.

The following table summarizes the nature and terms of the junior subordinated debt and trust preferred securities outstanding at June 30, ~~2021~~2022 (including the Company’s repurchases of a portion of these trust preferred securities):

James River
Capital Trust
I

James River
Capital Trust
II

James River
Capital Trust
III

James River
Capital Trust
IV

Franklin
Holdings II
(Bermuda)
Capital Trust
I

James River
Capital
Trust I

James River
Capital
Trust II

James River
Capital
Trust III

James River
Capital
Trust IV

Franklin
Holdings II
(Bermuda)
Capital
Trust I

($ in thousands)

Issue date

May 26,
2004

December 15, 2004

June 15,
2006

December 11, 2007

January 10,
2008

Issue date

May 26, 2004

December 15, 2004

June 15, 2006

December 11, 2007

January 10, 2008

Principal amount of trust preferred securities

$7,000

$15,000

$20,000

$54,000

$30,000

Principal amount of trust preferred securities

$7,000

$15,000

$20,000

$54,000

$30,000

Principal amount of junior subordinated debt

$7,217

$15,464

$20,619

$55,670

$30,928

Principal amount of junior subordinated debt

$7,217

$15,464

$20,619

$55,670

$30,928

Carrying amount of junior subordinated debt net of repurchases

$7,217

$15,464

$20,619

$44,827

$15,928

Carrying amount of junior subordinated debt net of repurchases

$7,217

$15,464

$20,619

$44,827

$15,928

Maturity date of junior subordinated debt, unless accelerated earlier

May 24,
2034

December 15,
2034

June 15,
2036

December 15,
2037

March 15,
2038

Maturity date of junior subordinated debt, unless accelerated earlier

May 24, 2034

December 15, 2034

June 15, 2036

December 15, 2037

March 15, 2038

Trust common stock

$217

$464

$619

$1,670

$928

Trust common stock

$217

$464

$619

$1,670

$928

Interest rate, per annum

Three-Month LIBOR plus 4.0%

Three-Month LIBOR plus
3.4%

Three-Month LIBOR plus 3.0%

Three-Month LIBOR plus 3.1%

Three-Month LIBOR plus 4.0%

Interest rate, per annum

Three-Month
LIBOR plus
4.0%

Three-Month
LIBOR plus
3.4%

Three-Month
LIBOR plus
3.0%

Three-Month
LIBOR plus
3.1%

Three-Month
LIBOR plus
4.0%

All of the junior subordinated debt is currently redeemable at 100.0% of the unpaid principal amount at our option.

The junior subordinated debt contains certain covenants with which we are in compliance as of June 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

At June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company's leverage ratio was ~~27.5%~~23.1% and ~~30.4%~~31.1%, respectively. The leverage ratio is defined in our senior credit agreements as the ratio of adjusted consolidated debt to total capital. Adjusted consolidated debt treats trust preferred securities as equity capital up to 15% of total capital. The Series A Preferred Shares represent equity

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capital for purposes of the leverage ratio calculation under the credit agreements. Total capital is defined as total debt plus tangible equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income. The maximum leverage ratio permitted by the agreements

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is 35.0%. ~~Having~~We believe having debt as part of our capital structure allows us to generate a higher return on equity and greater book value per share results than we could by using equity capital alone.

Ceded Reinsurance

Our insurance segments enter into reinsurance contracts to limit our exposure to potential losses arising from large risks, to protect against the aggregation of several risks in a common loss occurrence, and to provide additional capacity for growth. Our reinsurance is contracted under excess of loss and quota share reinsurance contracts. In excess of loss reinsurance, the reinsurer agrees to assume all or a portion of the ceding company’s losses in excess of a specified amount. The premiums payable to the reinsurer are negotiated by the parties based on their assessment of the amount of risk being ceded to the reinsurer because the reinsurer does not share proportionately in the ceding company’s losses. In quota share reinsurance, the reinsurer agrees to assume a specified percentage of the ceding company’s losses arising out of a defined class of business in exchange for a corresponding percentage of premiums. For the three months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020,~~2021, our net premium retention was ~~50.9%~~48.7% and ~~55.0%~~50.9%, ~~respectively (48.9% and 51.3% for the six month periods,~~ respectively.

The following is a summary of our Excess and Surplus Lines segment’s net retention after reinsurance as of June 30, ~~2021:~~2022:


Line of Business						Company Retention

Casualty
Primary Specialty Casualty, including Professional Liability						Up to $1.0 million per occurrence, subject to a $1.0 million aggregate deductible.(1)
Primary Casualty						Up to $2.0 million per occurrence.(2)
Excess Casualty						Up to $1.0 million per occurrence.(3)
Property						Up to $5.0 million per event.(4)

(1)Except for Life Sciences quota share carve out, which is up to $2.0 million per ~~occurrence~~occurrence.

(2)Total exposure to any one claim is generally $1.0 million.

(3)For policies with an occurrence limit up to $10.0 million, the excess casualty treaty is set such that our retention is no more than $1.0 million.

(4)The property catastrophe reinsurance treaty has a limit of ~~$40.0~~$55.0 million with one reinstatement.

We use catastrophe modeling software to analyze the risk of severe losses from hurricanes and earthquakes on our exposure. We utilize the model in our risk selection, pricing, and to manage our overall portfolio probable maximum loss (“PML”) accumulations. A PML is an estimate of the amount we would expect to pay in any one catastrophe event within a given annual probability of occurrence (i.e. a return period or loss exceedance probability).

In our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, we write a small book of excess property insurance, but we do not write primary property insurance. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment has a surplus share reinsurance treaty in effect that was specifically designed to cover property risks. The surplus share treaty along with facultative reinsurance helps ensure that our net retained limit per risk will be $5.0 million or less.

Based upon the modeling of our Excess and Surplus Lines and Specialty Admitted segments, it would take an event ~~beyond our~~at the 1 in 1000 year PML to exhaust our ~~$45.0~~$60.0 million of property catastrophe reinsurance. In the event of a catastrophe loss exhausting our ~~$45.0~~$60.0 million of property catastrophe reinsurance, we estimate our pre-tax cost ~~at approximately $7.5 million,~~would not exceed 2.5% of shareholders’ equity, including reinstatement premiums and net retentions. In addition to this retention, we would retain any losses in excess of our reinsurance coverage limits.

~~We could enter~~On September 27, 2021, James River entered into ~~a transaction~~the LPT Agreement with Aleka to ~~transfer~~reinsure substantially all of the ~~risks associated with all or part~~Excess and Surplus Lines segment’s legacy portfolio of ~~our~~ commercial auto ~~business. It is uncertain whether we will enter into any such transaction, or~~policies previously issued to Rasier. See “Amounts Recoverable from an Indemnifying Party and Reinsurer on the ~~terms of any such transaction should one be consummated.~~Legacy Commercial Auto Book” below for further information on this reinsurance agreement.

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The following is a summary of our Specialty Admitted Insurance segment’s ceded reinsurance in place as of June 30, ~~2021:~~2022:


Line of Business						Coverage
Casualty
Workers’ Compensation						Quota share coverage for ~~70-85%~~65.5% of the first $1.0 million.(1)(2) Excess of loss coverage for $29.0 million in excess of $1.0 million.(1)(2)
Auto Programs						Quota share coverage for 70-90% of limits up to $1.5 million liability and ~~$5.0~~$7.5 million physical damage per occurrence.
General Liability & Professional Liability – Programs						Quota share coverage for 70% ~~- 100%~~-100% of limits up to $3.0 million per occurrence.
Umbrella and Excess Casualty - Programs						Quota share coverage for ~~95%-100%~~at least 90% of limits up to $10.0 million per occurrence, and 87.5% of excess of loss coverage for $5.0 million in excess of $10.0 million.
Property
Property within Package - Programs						Quota share coverage for 100% of limits up to ~~$25.0~~$40.0 million per occurrence.~~(3)~~
Excess Property						Quota share coverage for 100% of limits up to $16.9 million.
Catastrophe Coverage						Excess of Loss coverage for $44.0 million in excess of $1.0 million per occurrence.
Aviation Programs						Quota share coverage for 80% of limits up to $20 million liability and $2.5 million hull per occurrence, each aircraft; and excess of loss coverage for up to $7.3M excess of $200 thousand of our 20% share of the quota share each occurrence.

(1) Excluding one program which has quota share coverage for ~~84.5%~~84% of the first $1.0 million per occurrence and excess of loss coverage for $49.0 million in excess of $1.0 million per occurrence.

(2) Includes any residual market pools.

~~(3) Excluding one program which has a reinsurance coverage for 90% of the first $500,000 and excess of loss coverage for $39.5 million in excess of $500,000 per risk per occurrence.~~

Our Specialty Admitted Insurance segment purchases reinsurance for at least 50% of the exposed limits on specialty admitted property-casualty business. The segment enters into reinsurance contracts for the individual risk workers’ compensation business as well as fronting and program business. While the segment focuses on casualty business, incidental property risk is incurred in the fronting and program business. The segment is covered for ~~$44.0~~$59.0 million in excess of $1.0 million per occurrence to manage its property exposure to an approximate 1 in 1,000 year PML.

In our Casualty Reinsurance segment, we also have limited property catastrophe exposure on treaties in run-off, primarily through auto physical damage coverage. In the aggregate, we believe our pre-tax group-wide PML from a 1 in 1,000 year property catastrophe event would not exceed ~~$16.0 million,~~2.5% of shareholders’ equity, inclusive of reinstatement premiums payable.

On February 23, 2022, JRG Re entered into the Retrocession Agreement with FRL to reinsure the majority of the segment risk, which closed on March 31, 2022. See “Strategic Actions – Loss Portfolio Transfer Retrocession Agreement” above for further information on this retrocession agreement.

We also have a contingency clash ~~and contingency~~ reinsurance treaty to cover both the Excess and Surplus Lines and Specialty Admitted Insurance segments in the event of a ~~claims~~claim incident involving more than one of our ~~insureds.~~insureds in addition to Extra Contractual and Excess Policy Limits protection. The treaty covers $10.0 million in excess of a $2.0 million retention for loss occurrences within the treaty term. This coverage has two reinstatements in the event we exhaust any of the coverage. As of June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, our average net retained limit per risk is $2.5 million.

Effective January 1, 2020, we purchased an additional $10.0 million in claims made coverage for excess policy limits and extra contractual obligations exposures above the clash and contingency treaty for the period 2014 to present. This treaty has one reinstatement.

The Company’s insurance segments remain liable to policyholders if its reinsurers are unable to meet their contractual obligations under applicable reinsurance agreements. We establish an allowance for credit losses for our current estimate of uncollectible reinsurance recoverables. At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the allowance for credit losses on reinsurance recoverables was ~~$335,000.~~$601,000. To minimize exposure to significant losses from reinsurance insolvencies, the Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentrations of credit risk. The Company generally seeks to purchase reinsurance from reinsurers with A.M. Best financial strength ratings of “A-” (Excellent) or better. The Company’s reinsurance contracts generally require reinsurers that are not authorized as reinsurers under U.S. state insurance regulations or that experience rating downgrades from rating agencies below specified levels to fund their share of the Company’s ceded outstanding losses and loss adjustment expense reserves, typically through the use of irrevocable and unconditional letters of credit. In fronting arrangements, which the Company conducts through its Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, we are subject to credit risk

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with regard to insurance companies who act as reinsurers for us in such arrangements. We customarily require a collateral trust arrangement to secure the obligations of the insurance entity for whom we are fronting.

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At June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, we had reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses of ~~$935.6~~$1,570.9 million (net of a $601,000 allowance for credit losses) and reinsurance recoverables on paid losses of ~~$52.9~~$106.5 million, and all material recoverable amounts were from companies with A.M. Best ratings of “A-”" (Excellent) or better, ~~collateral had been posted~~are collateralized by the reinsurer for our benefit through letters of credit or funds on deposit in trust accounts, or represent recoverables from a state residual market for automobile insurance.

Amounts Recoverable from an Indemnifying Party and Reinsurer on Legacy Commercial Auto Book

~~The Company~~James River previously issued a set of commercial auto insurance contracts to Rasier ~~LLC and its affiliates (collectively, “Rasier”~~(the “Rasier Commercial Auto Policies”) under which ~~the Company~~James River pays losses and loss adjustment expenses on the contracts. ~~The Company~~James River has indemnity agreements with Rasier (non-insurance entities) (collectively, the “Indemnity Agreements”) and is contractually entitled to ~~receive~~ reimbursement for ~~a significant~~the portion of the losses and loss adjustment expenses paid on behalf of Rasier under the Rasier Commercial Auto Policies and other expenses incurred by James River. On September 27, 2021, James River entered into a loss portfolio transfer reinsurance agreement (the “LPT Agreement”) with Aleka to reinsure substantially all of the ~~Company.~~Rasier Commercial Auto Policies for which James River is not otherwise indemnified by Rasier under the Indemnity Agreements. Under the terms of the LPT Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2021, James River ceded to Aleka approximately $345.1 million of commercial auto liabilities relating to Rasier Commercial Auto Policies written in the years 2013-2019, which amount constituted the reinsurance premium.

Each of Rasier and Aleka are required to post collateral under the Indemnity Agreements and the LPT Agreement, respectively:

•Pursuant to the Indemnity Agreements, Rasier is required to ~~collateralize all amounts currently due~~post collateral equal to ~~the Company and to provide additional collateral sufficient to cover~~102% of James River's estimate of the amounts that are recoverable or may be recoverable under the indemnity agreements, including, among other things, case loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, IBNR loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, extra contractual obligations and excess of policy limits liabilities. The collateral is provided through a collateral trust arrangement ~~established~~(the “Indemnity Trust”) in favor of James River by Aleka. In connection with the ~~Company by a captive insurance company affiliate of Rasier.As of June 30, 2021, the cash equivalent collateral held in the collateral trust arrangement was approximately $820.8 million, of which approximately~~ ~~$97.3 million~~ ~~is held in a collateral trust account established in favor~~execution of the ~~Company, and $723.5~~LPT Agreement, James River returned $691.3 million to the Indemnity Trust, representing the remaining balance of ~~which remains from~~ the amount withdrawn ~~from the collateral trust account~~ in October of 2019, as was permitted under ~~our~~the indemnification agreements with Rasier and the associated trust agreement. At June 30, 2022, the balance in the Indemnity Trust was $374.3 million, and, together with the balance of the Loss Fund Trust (as defined below) attributable to the Indemnity Agreements as described below, the total balance of collateral securing Rasier’s obligations under the Indemnity Agreements was $443.4 million.

~~Cash Flows~~

~~Our sources~~Indemnity Agreements and the LPT agreement, which are the basis for establishing the collateral balances, are lower than actual amounts paid or payable. The amount of ~~funds consist primarily of premiums written, investment income, reinsurance recoveries, proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments, borrowings on~~ our credit ~~facilities,~~exposure in any of these instances could be material. To mitigate these risks, we closely and ~~the issuance of common shares. We use operating cash flows primarily~~frequently monitor our exposure compared to ~~pay operating expenses, losses~~our collateral held, and ~~loss adjustment expenses, reinsurance premiums, and income taxes. The following table summarizes our cash flows:~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
2021 2020
($ in thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents (used in) provided by:
Operating activities $ (93,003) $ (136,231)
Investing activities (13,591) (83,810)
Financing activities 168,870 39,130
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents $ 62,276 $ (180,911)

Cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, primarily reflects $136.4 million and $178.3 million of restricted cash equivalents returned to a former insured per the terms of awe request additional collateral ~~trust (see~~ ~~Amounts Recoverable from an Indemnifying Party~~ above). Excluding the reduction in the collateral funds, cash provided by operating activities was $43.4 million and $42.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities excluding restricted cash equivalents for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 primarily reflects growth in our U.S. segments and the collection of premiums receivable at a quicker rate than payments of loss and loss adjustment expenses.

Cash used in investing activities reflects our efforts to enhance the yield in our investment portfolio by investing available cash and cash equivalents into higher yielding investments. Cash and cash equivalents (excluding restricted cash equivalents) comprised 14.1% and 8.9% of total cash and invested assets at June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 included $20.8 million and $18.6 million of dividends paid to shareholders, respectively. On May 10, 2021, the Company closed on a public offering of its common shares. The Company received net proceeds (before expenses) of $192.1 million. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, we drew a net $59.0 million on our senior credit facilities as a precautionary measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.

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in accordance with the terms of the LPT Agreement and Indemnity Agreements when our analysis indicates that we have uncollateralized exposure.

Ratings

The A.M. Best financial strength rating for our group’s regulated insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries is “A-” (Excellent) with a ~~negative~~stable outlook. This rating reflects A.M. Best’s opinion of our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries’ financial strength, operating performance and ability to meet obligations to policyholders and is not an evaluation directed towards the protection of investors. The rating for our operating insurance and reinsurance companies of “A-” (Excellent) is the fourth highest rating of the thirteen ratings issued by A.M. Best and is assigned to insurers that have, in A.M. Best’s opinion, an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. On March 4, 2021, A.M. Best announced that it reduced the outlook on our regulated insurance subsidiaries to negative from stable on the “A” (Excellent) financial strength rating on such entities following our announcement of $86.0 million of adverse development on reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses in the fourth quarter of 2020 principally related to our commercial auto business in our Excess and Surplus Lines segment. On May 7, 2021, following the Company's announcement of $168.7 million of further adverse development in the first quarter of 2021 on reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses in our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, inclusive of $170.0 million of unfavorable development in our commercial auto business, A.M. Best announced a downgrade of our financial strength rating to “A-” (Excellent) and maintained a negative outlook on our regulated insurance subsidiaries. The Company's outlook was upgraded to stable by A.M. Best in the third quarter of 2021 following the closing of the LPT Agreement which reinsures substantially all of the legacy commercial auto business.

The financial strength ratings assigned by A.M. Best have an impact on the ability of our regulated subsidiaries to attract and retain agents and brokers and on the risk profiles of the submissions for insurance that our subsidiaries receive. ~~The~~We believe the “A-” (Excellent) ratings assigned to our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries ~~are consistent with our business plans and we believe~~ allow our subsidiaries to actively pursue relationships with the agents and brokers identified in their marketing plans.

~~EQUITY~~Series A Preferred Shares

~~On May 10, 2021, the~~The Company closed on the ~~offering~~issuance and ~~public~~ sale ~~(the “Offering”)~~ of 150,000 Series A Preferred Shares on March 1, 2022 for an aggregate purchase price of ~~6,497,500 of~~$150.0 million, or $1,000 per share, in a private placement. The Series A Preferred Shares are convertible into the Company’s common shares at ~~a public offering price~~the option of ~~$31.00~~the holder at any time, or at the Company’s option under certain circumstances. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares accrue quarterly at the initial rate of 7% of the Liquidation Preference per ~~share. The Company received net proceeds (before expenses) from the Offering of $192.1 million,~~annum, which ~~were used for general corporate purposes. The~~may be paid in cash, in-kind in common shares ~~were offered and sold pursuant~~or in Series A Preferred Shares, at the Company’s election.

EQUITY

Total common shares outstanding increased from 37,373,066 at December 31, 2021 to ~~an underwriting agreement entered into by the Company, Barclays Capital, Inc., and Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters named therein.~~

~~The Company also issued 128,801~~37,450,264 at June 30, 2022, reflecting 77,198 common shares issued in the six months ended June 30, ~~2021 related to outstanding equity incentive plan awards. Of the new shares issued, 16,471 were related to employee stock option exercises and 112,330 were~~2022 related to vesting of ~~restricted share units (“RSUs”).~~

Share Based Compensation Expense

For ~~each of~~ the three months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020,~~2021, the Company recognized $2.2 million and $1.9 million of share based compensation expense, respectively ($~~3.8~~4.0 million and $3.8 million in ~~each of~~ the six month ~~periods)~~periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively). As of June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had ~~$13.2~~$15.6 million of unrecognized share based compensation expense expected to be charged to earnings over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.

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Equity Incentive Plans

Options

The following table summarizes option activity:


		Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021			2020				2022			2021
		Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price			Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding:	Outstanding:							Outstanding:
Beginning of period	Beginning of period	463,324	$	32.25	643,851	$	30.41	Beginning of period	287,974	$	35.26	463,324	$	32.25
Granted	Granted	—	$	—	—	$	—	Granted	—	$	—	—	$	—
Exercised	Exercised	(29,884)	$	26.37	(29,141)	$	28.78	Exercised	—	$	—	(29,884)	$	26.37
Forfeited	Forfeited	—	$	—	—	$	—	Forfeited	—	$	—	—	$	—
End of period	End of period	433,440	$	32.65	614,710	$	30.49	End of period	287,974	$	35.26	433,440	$	32.65
Exercisable, end of period	Exercisable, end of period	433,440	$	32.65	614,710	$	30.49	Exercisable, end of period	287,974	$	35.26	433,440	$	32.65

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All of the outstanding options are fully vested (vesting period of three years from date of grant) and have a contractual life of seven years from the original date of grant.

RSUs

The following table summarizes RSU activity:


		Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021			2020				2022			2021
		Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value			Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested, beginning of period	Unvested, beginning of period	399,856	$	43.59	340,368	$	41.50	Unvested, beginning of period	292,135	$	45.89	399,856	$	43.59
Granted	Granted	139,682	$	50.22	179,016	$	43.55	Granted	538,778	$	20.50	139,682	$	50.22
Vested	Vested	(164,957)	$	41.85	(147,260)	$	41.14	Vested	(112,353)	$	45.49	(164,957)	$	41.85
Forfeited	Forfeited	(25,816)	$	46.34	(16,846)	$	42.17	Forfeited	(9,760)	$	22.97	(25,816)	$	46.34
Unvested, end of period	Unvested, end of period	348,765	$	46.87	355,278	$	42.65	Unvested, end of period	708,800	$	26.97	348,765	$	46.87

Outstanding RSUs granted to employees generally vest ratably over a three year vesting period. RSUs granted to non-employee directors have a one year vesting period.

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RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

Reconciliation of Underwriting Profit

We ~~believe that the disclosure of~~define underwriting profit ~~by individual segment~~as net earned premiums and gross fee income (in specific instances when the Company is not retaining insurance risk) less losses and loss adjustment expenses and other operating expenses. Other operating expenses include the underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses of the Company as a whole is useful to investors, analysts, rating agencies and other users of our financial information in evaluating our performance because our objective is to consistently earn underwriting profits. We evaluate the performance of ouroperating segments and, ~~allocate resources based primarily on~~for consolidated underwriting ~~profit.~~profit, the expenses of the Corporate and Other segment. Our definition of underwriting profit may not be comparable to that of other companies.

The following table reconciles the underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments by individual segment ~~and for the entire Company~~ to consolidated income (loss) before ~~U.S. Federal~~ income taxes:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020			2022		2021		2022		2021
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Underwriting profit (loss) of the insurance segments:
Underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments:										Underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments:
Excess and Surplus Lines	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	26,917	$	16,095	$	(124,029)	$	24,207	Excess and Surplus Lines	$	22,334	$	26,917	$	43,791	$	(124,029)
Specialty Admitted Insurance	Specialty Admitted Insurance	2,138		1,430		3,404		442		Specialty Admitted Insurance	1,252		2,138		1,461		3,404
Casualty Reinsurance	Casualty Reinsurance	(3,321)		(2,637)		(4,946)		(2,430)		Casualty Reinsurance	2,059		(3,321)		(6,778)		(4,946)
Total underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments		25,734		14,888		(125,571)		22,219
Total underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments										Total underwriting profit (loss) of operating segments	25,645		25,734		38,474		(125,571)
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	(7,915)		(7,472)		(15,971)		(15,751)		Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	(8,888)		(7,915)		(16,762)		(15,971)
Underwriting profit (loss) (1)	Underwriting profit (loss) (1)	17,819		7,416		(141,542)		6,468		Underwriting profit (loss) (1)	16,757		17,819		21,712		(141,542)
Net investment income	Net investment income	14,348		15,350		29,437		36,186		Net investment income	14,705		14,348		30,972		29,437
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments		3,483		21,593		9,755		(36,814)
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments										Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments	(17,110)		3,483		(22,120)		9,755
Amortization of intangible assets	Amortization of intangible assets	(91)		(149)		(182)		(298)		Amortization of intangible assets	(91)		(91)		(182)		(182)
Other income and expenses	Other income and expenses	(827)		(1,485)		(1,349)		(1,159)		Other income and expenses	49		(827)		(252)		(1,349)
Interest expense	Interest expense	(2,249)		(2,965)		(4,465)		(5,841)		Interest expense	(4,049)		(2,249)		(6,341)		(4,465)
Income (loss) before income taxes	Income (loss) before income taxes	$	32,483	$	39,760	$	(108,346)	$	(1,458)	Income (loss) before income taxes	$	10,261	$	32,483	$	23,789	$	(108,346)

(1)Included in underwriting results for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 is gross fee income of ~~$5.4~~$5.9 million and $11.4 million, respectively ($5.4 million and $10.6 million ~~respectively ($5.7 million and $11.2 million for the same periods~~ in the respective prior ~~year)~~year periods).

Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Operating Income ~~(Loss)~~

~~We define adjusted~~Adjusted net operating income ~~(loss)~~is defined as ~~net~~ income ~~(loss)~~available to common shareholders excluding net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, and certain non-operating expenses such as professional service fees related to a purported class action lawsuit, various strategic initiatives, and the filing of registration statements for the offering of securities, and severance costs associated with terminated employees. We use adjusted net operating income (loss) as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Adjusted net operating income ~~(loss)~~ should not be viewed as a substitute for net income ~~(loss)~~ calculated in accordance with GAAP, and our definition of adjusted net operating income ~~(loss)~~ may not be comparable to that of other companies.

Our income (loss) ~~before taxes and net income (loss) reconcile~~available to common shareholders reconciles to our adjusted net operating income (loss) as follows:


		Three Months Ended June 30,									Three Months Ended June 30,
		2021				2020					2022				2021
		Income Before Taxes		Net Income		Income Before Taxes		Net Income			Income Before Taxes		Net Income		Income Before Taxes		Net Income
		($ in thousands)									($ in thousands)
Income as reported		$	32,483	$	20,843	$	39,760	$	35,614
Net realized and unrealized investment gains		(3,483)		(2,741)		(21,593)		(19,763)
Income available to common shareholders										Income available to common shareholders	$	7,636	$	5,039	$	32,483	$	20,843
Net realized and unrealized investment losses (gains)										Net realized and unrealized investment losses (gains)	17,110		14,986		(3,483)		(2,741)
Other expenses	Other expenses	811		727		1,732		1,528		Other expenses	—		—		811		727
Adjusted net operating income	Adjusted net operating income	$	29,811	$	18,829	$	19,899	$	17,379	Adjusted net operating income	$	24,746	$	20,025	$	29,811	$	18,829

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022				2021
	Income Before Taxes		Net Income		Loss Before Taxes		Net Loss
	($ in thousands)
Income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	20,289	$	14,369	$	(108,346)	$	(82,617)
Net realized and unrealized investment losses (gains)	22,120		19,176		(9,755)		(8,492)
Other expenses	347		347		1,338		1,143
Adjusted net operating income (loss)	$	42,756	$	33,892	$	(116,763)	$	(89,966)

Tangible Equity ~~(per Share)~~ and ~~Pre Dividend~~ Tangible Equity ~~(per Share)~~per Share

~~Key financial measures that we use to assess our longer term financial performance include the percentage growth in our tangible equity per share and our return on tangible equity. We believe tangible~~Tangible equity is ~~a good measure to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, our tangible~~defined as shareholders' equity per share decreased by 8.8%. Absent the $20.6 million in dividends to shareholders in the six months ended June 30, 2021, our tangible equity per share decreased by 5.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

~~We define tangible equity as the sum of shareholders’ equity~~plus mezzanine Series A Preferred Shares less goodwill and intangible assets, ~~(net~~net of ~~amortization)~~amortization. Tangible equity per share represents tangible equity divided by the sum of total common shares outstanding plus the common shares resulting from an assumed conversion of the outstanding Series A Preferred Shares into common shares (at the current conversion price). Our ~~definition~~definitions of tangible equity and tangible equity per share may not be comparable to that of other companies, and itthey should not be viewed as a substitute for shareholders’ equity and shareholders’ equity per share calculated in accordance with GAAP.

The following table reconciles shareholders’ equity to tangible equity as of June 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020 and reconciles tangible equity to pre-dividend tangible equity as of June 30,~~ 2021:

June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Equity Equity per
Share Equity Equity per
Share
($ in thousands, except share amounts)
Shareholders’ equity $ 858,499 $ 23.03 $ 795,608 $ 25.96
Less:
Goodwill 181,831 4.88 181,831 5.93
Intangible assets, net 36,220 0.97 36,402 1.19
Tangible equity $ 640,448 $ 17.18 $ 577,375 $ 18.84
Dividends to shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2021 20,603 0.60
Pre-dividend tangible equity $ 661,051 $ 17.78


	June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Equity		Equity per Share		Equity		Equity per Share
	($ in thousands, except share amounts)
Shareholders’ equity	$	594,386	$	15.87	$	725,362	$	19.41
Series A redeemable preferred shares	144,898				—

Less:
Goodwill	181,831				181,831
Intangible assets, net	35,857				36,039
Tangible equity	$	521,596	$	12.10	$	507,492	$	13.58





Common shares outstanding	37,450,264				37,373,066
Common shares from assumed conversion of Series A Preferred Shares	5,640,158				—
Common shares outstanding after assumed conversion of Series A Preferred Shares	43,090,422				37,373,066

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in equity prices, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Our consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities with estimated fair values that are subject to market risk. Our primary market risks have been interest rate risk associated with investments in fixed maturities and equity price risk associated with investments in equity securities. We do not have material exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity risk.

There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The fair values of our fixed maturity securities have been negatively impacted in 2022 by higher interest rates. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, unrealized losses on fixed maturities of $144.6 million were recognized in other comprehensive loss. Market risk was also reflected in net realized and unrealized investment losses of $22.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which included$11.0 million and $11.8 million of unrealized losses related to changes in unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and bank loan participations, respectively.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure. In connection with the preparation of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the CEO and CFO, as of June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our quarter ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

The effectiveness of any system of controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, and, as a result, there can be no assurance that our controls and procedures will detect all errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system will be attained.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial matters and litigation regarding insurance claims which arise in the ordinary course of business, as well as an alleged class action lawsuit. In addition, the Company is involved from time to time in legal actions which seek extra-contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties, including claims alleging bad faith in handling of insurance claims. We believe that the outcome of such matters, individually and in the aggregate, is not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On July 9, 2021 a purported class action lawsuit was filed in USthe U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia ~~on behalf of~~(the “Court”) by Employees’ Retirement Fund of the City of Fort Worth ~~(“Plaintiff”)~~ against James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and certain of its present and former officers (together, “Defendants”). On September 22, 2021, the Court entered an order appointing Employees’ Retirement Fund of the City of Fort Worth and the City of Miami General Employees’ and Sanitation Employees’ Retirement Trust as co-lead plaintiffs (together, “Plaintiffs”). Plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint was filed on November 19, 2021 (the “Amended Complaint”), ~~alleging~~which asserts claims under ~~Section~~Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of ~~1934.Plaintiff alleges~~1934 on behalf of a putative class of persons and entities that it purchased ~~James River common~~the Company’s stock between ~~August 1,~~February 22, 2019 and ~~May 5, 2021, inclusive (the putative “Class Period”),~~October 25, 2021. The Amended Complaint alleges that Defendants failed to make appropriate disclosures concerning the adequacy of reserves for policies that covered Rasier LLC, a subsidiary of Uber Technologies, Inc., and ~~that,~~seeks unspecified damages, costs, attorneys’ fees and such other relief as the court may deem proper. The Defendants filed a ~~result, Plaintiff suffered unspecified damages. We believe that~~motion to dismiss on January 18, 2022. Plaintiffs’ opposition to the ~~Plaintiff’s claims are without merit~~motion to dismiss was filed on March 4, 2022, and ~~intend~~the Defendants’ reply to ~~vigorously defend this lawsuit.~~the Plaintiff's opposition was filed on April 4, 2022. On July 13, 2022, Plaintiffs filed a notice with the

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Court stating that they intend to seek leave to file an amended complaint no later than August 25, 2022. We believe that Plaintiffs’ claims are without merit and we intend to vigorously defend this lawsuit.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors in the quarter ended June 30, ~~2021~~2022 from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020, except as follows:~~

On May 7, 2021, our financial strength rating was downgraded. The downgrade of our financial strength rating, along with any further downgrade, may have a significant impact on our business, liquidity and financial condition.

Companies, insurers and reinsurance brokers use ratings from independent ratings agencies as an important means of assessing the financial strength and quality of reinsurers. A.M. Best Company (“A.M. Best”) assigns ratings that are intended to provide an independent opinion of an insurance or reinsurance company’s ability to meet its obligations to policyholders and such ratings are not an evaluation directed to investors. A.M. Best periodically reviews our rating and may revise it downward at its sole discretion based primarily on its analysis of our balance sheet strength (including capital adequacy and loss and loss adjustment expense reserve adequacy), operating performance and business profile.

On May 7, 2021, A.M. Best announced that it downgraded the financial strength rating on our regulated insurance subsidiaries from “A” to “A-“ (Excellent) with a negative outlook, as a result of, among other things, the recurring nature of adverse reserve development in commercial auto lines. The reduction in our financial strength rating, and any future downgrades of our financial strength rating, may impact our ability to attract and retain insurance and reinsurance business that our subsidiaries write. Further, our competitive position in the industry, and therefore our business, could be adversely affected. The downgrade of our financial strength rating, and any future downgrades, could result in a substantial loss of business, as policyholders might move to other companies with higher financial strength ratings.

~~Our credit agreements contain a number of financial covenants, the breach of any of which could result in acceleration of payment of our credit facilities.~~

As of June 30, 2021, we had an outstanding unsecured balance of approximately $247.3 million in the aggregate under our two bank credit agreements. The agreements contain certain financial covenants that require us to maintain consolidated net worth in excess of a specified minimum amount and a leverage ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter not in excess of 0.35 to 1. The agreements contain other covenants which, among other things, require ongoing compliance with applicable insurance regulations and require each of our regulated insurance subsidiaries to maintain ratings from A.M. Best not lower than an A-. A breach of any of these covenants could result in acceleration of our obligations to repay our outstanding indebtedness under such agreement if we are unable to obtain a waiver or amendment from our lenders, and otherwise could impair our ability to borrow funds or result in higher borrowing costs.

~~Our actual incurred losses may be greater than our loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.~~

Our financial condition and results of operations depend upon our ability to assess accurately the potential losses and loss adjustment expenses under the terms of the insurance policies or reinsurance contracts we underwrite. Reserves do not represent an exact calculation of liability. Rather, reserves represent an estimate of what we expect the ultimate settlement and administration of claims will cost us, and our ultimate liability may be greater or less than current reserves. These estimates are based on our assessment of facts and circumstances then known, as well as estimates of future trends in claim severity, claim frequency, judicial theories of liability and other factors. These variables are affected by both internal and external events that could increase our exposure to losses, including changes in actuarial projections, claims handling procedures, inflation, climate change, economic and judicial trends, and legislative changes. We continually monitor reserves using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques.

In the insurance and reinsurance industry, there is always the risk that reserves may prove inadequate, and actual results always differ from our reserve estimates. It is possible for insurance and reinsurance companies to underestimate the cost of claims. Our estimates could prove to be low, and this underestimation could have a material adverse effect on our financial strength. For example, in the first quarter of 2021, we experienced $170.1 million of adverse development on reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses principally relating to the 2019 and prior accident years for the commercial auto business in our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, and in 2020 we experienced $92.2 million of adverse development on reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses principally relating to the 2018 and prior accident years for the commercial auto business in our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, and in 2019, we experienced $69.0 million of adverse development on reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses principally relating to the 2016 and 2017 accident years for the commercial auto business in our Excess and Surplus lines business. We cannot assure that we will not have further adverse development in this business.

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~~The uncertainties we encounter in establishing our reserves for losses and related expenses in connection with our insurance businesses include:~~

•When we write “occurrence” policies, we are obligated to pay covered claims, up to the contractually agreed amount, for any covered loss that occurs while the policy is in force. Losses can emerge many years after a policy has lapsed. Accordingly, our first notice of a claim or group of claims may arise many years after a policy has lapsed. Approximately 94% of our Excess and Surplus Lines net casualty loss reserves are associated with “occurrence form” policies at December 31, 2020.

•Even when a claim is received (irrespective of whether the policy is a “claims made” or “occurrence” basis form), it may take considerable time to fully appreciate the extent of the covered loss suffered by the insured and, consequently, estimates of loss associated with specific claims can increase over time.

•New theories of liability are enforced retroactively from time to time by courts. See also “The effect of emerging claim and coverage issues on our business is uncertain” risk factor in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

•Volatility in the financial markets, economic events and other external factors may result in an increase in the number of claims and the severity of the claims reported. In addition, elevated inflationary conditions could, among other things, cause loss costs to increase.

•If claims became more frequent, even if we had no liability for those claims, the cost of evaluating these potential claims could escalate beyond the amount of the reserves we have established. As we enter new lines of business, or as a result of new theories of claims, we may encounter an increase in claims frequency and greater claims handling costs than we had anticipated.

•We occasionally enter new lines of insurance, and as a consequence, we sometimes have to make estimates of future losses for risk classes with which we do not have a great deal of experience. This lack of experience may contribute to making errors of judgment when establishing reserves.

In addition, reinsurance reserve estimates are typically subject to greater uncertainty than insurance reserve estimates, primarily due to reliance on the original underwriting decisions made by the ceding company. As a result, we are subject to the risk that our ceding companies may not have adequately evaluated the risks reinsured by us and the premiums ceded may not adequately compensate us for the risks we assume. Other factors resulting in additional uncertainty in establishing reinsurance reserves include:

•~~The increased lapse of time from the occurrence of an event to the reporting of the claim and the ultimate resolution or settlement of the claim.~~

•~~The diversity of development patterns among different types of reinsurance treaties.~~

•~~The necessary reliance on the ceding company for information regarding claims.~~

If any of our insurance or reinsurance reserves should prove to be inadequate for the reasons discussed above, or for any other reason, we will be required to increase reserves, resulting in a reduction in our net income and shareholders’ equity in the period in which the deficiency is identified. Future loss experience substantially in excess of established reserves could also have a material adverse effect on future earnings and liquidity and financial rating, which could affect our ability to attract business, our cost of capital and our ability to retain or hire qualified personnel.

~~The ongoing effect of the 2017 Tax Act, as well as other changes in U.S. tax law, may have a significant impact on the Company.~~

Public Law No. 115-97, enacted in December 2017 and informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), introduced significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Tax Act contained many provisions that impact us and our shareholders, including provisions that impose a base erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) on income of a U.S. corporation determined without regard to certain otherwise deductible payments made to certain foreign affiliates (including premium or other consideration paid or accrued to a related foreign reinsurance company for reinsurance), broaden the definition of United States shareholder for purposes of the controlled foreign corporation rules, and make it more difficult for a foreign insurance company to avoid being treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”).

There is continued uncertainty regarding how these and other provisions of the Tax Act will be interpreted, although guidance in proposed and final forms has been released with respect to certain provisions of the Tax Act, including certain BEAT and PFIC provisions, that may impact the Company. The ultimate impact of the Tax Act may differ from the Company’s description below due to changes in interpretations, as well as additional regulatory guidance that may be issued. Given the

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complexity of the Tax Act, you are strongly encouraged to consult your own tax advisor regarding its potential impact on the U.S. federal income tax consequences to you considering your particular circumstance.

Apart from enactment of the Tax Act, other legislative proposals or administrative or judicial developments could also result in an increase in the amount of U.S. tax payable by us or by an owner of our common shares.

We are subject to extensive regulation, which may materially adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives. In addition, if we fail to comply with these regulations, we may be subject to penalties, including fines and suspensions, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our admitted insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation, primarily by California (the domiciliary state for Falls Lake Fire and Casualty Company), Ohio (the domiciliary state for James River Insurance and Falls Lake National), North Carolina (the domiciliary state for Stonewood Insurance), Virginia (the domiciliary state for James River Casualty), Bermuda (the domicile of JRG Re and Carolina Re), and to a lesser degree, the other jurisdictions in the United States in which we operate. Most insurance regulations are designed to protect the interests of insurance policyholders, as opposed to the interests of shareholders. These regulations generally are administered by a department of insurance in each state and, in the case of JRG Re and Carolina Re, the BMA in Bermuda, and relate to, among other things, authorizations to write certain lines of business, capital and surplus requirements, reserve requirements, rate and form approvals, investment and underwriting limitations, affiliate transactions, dividend limitations, cancellation and non-renewal of policies, changes in control, solvency, receipt of reinsurance credit, accounting principles and a variety of other financial and non-financial aspects of our business. These laws and regulations are regularly re-examined and any changes in these laws and regulations or new laws or interpretations thereof may be more restrictive, could make it more expensive to conduct business or otherwise materially adversely affect our financial condition or operations. State insurance departments and the BMA also conduct periodic examinations of the affairs of insurance companies and reinsurance companies and require the filing of annual and other reports relating to financial condition, holding company issues and other matters. These regulatory requirements may impose timing and expense or other constraints that could materially adversely affect our ability to achieve some or all of our business objectives. Failure by any of insurance subsidiaries to comply with applicable regulations could result in a requirement for that subsidiary to cease writing business.

In addition, regulatory authorities have broad discretion to deny or revoke licenses for various reasons, including the violation of regulations. For example, an insurer’s registration may be cancelled by the BMA on certain grounds specified in the Insurance Act, including failure by the insurer to comply with its obligations under the Insurance Act, or if the BMA believes that the insurer has not been carrying on business in accordance with sound insurance principles. In some instances, where there is uncertainty as to applicability, we follow practices based on our interpretations of regulations or practices that we believe are generally followed by the industry. These practices may turn out to be different from the interpretations of regulatory authorities. If we do not have the requisite licenses and approvals or do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, insurance regulatory authorities could preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities or otherwise penalize us. This could materially adversely affect our ability to operate our business.

The admitted market is subject to more state regulation than the E&S market, particularly with regard to rate and form filing requirements, restrictions on the ability to exit lines of business, premium tax payments and membership in various state associations, such as guaranty funds. Some states have deregulated their commercial insurance markets. We cannot predict the effect that further deregulation would have on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) has developed a system to test the adequacy of statutory capital of U.S.-based insurers, known as risk-based capital or “RBC,” that many states have adopted. This system establishes the minimum amount of risk-based capital necessary for an insurer to support its overall business operations. It identifies property-casualty insurers that may be inadequately capitalized by looking at certain inherent risks of each insurer’s assets and liabilities and its mix of net written premiums. Insurers falling below a calculated threshold may be subject to varying degrees of regulatory action, including supervision, rehabilitation or liquidation. Failure to maintain adequate risk-based capital at the required levels could materially adversely affect the ability of our insurance subsidiaries to maintain regulatory authority to conduct their business. For additional information, see “Item 1. Business—Regulation—U.S. Insurance Regulation—State Regulation.” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which report is incorporated into the prospectus supplement by reference.

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In addition, the various state insurance regulators have increased their focus on risks within an insurer’s holding company system that may pose enterprise risk to the insurer. In 2012, the NAIC adopted certain amendments, which when adopted by the various states, are designed to respond to perceived gaps in the regulation of insurance holding company systems in the United States. One of the major changes is a requirement that an insurance holding company system’s ultimate controlling person submit annually to its lead state insurance regulator an “enterprise risk report” that identifies activities, circumstances or events involving one or more affiliates of an insurer that, if not remedied properly, are likely to have a material adverse effect upon the financial condition or liquidity of the insurer or its insurance holding company system as a whole. Other changes include (i) requiring a controlling person to submit prior notice to its domiciliary insurance regulator of a divestiture of control, (ii) having detailed minimum requirements for cost sharing and management agreements between an insurer and its affiliates and (iii) expanding the types of agreements between an insurer and its affiliates to be filed with its domiciliary insurance regulator. The amendments must be adopted by a state legislature and such state’s insurance regulator in order to be effective in that state. Each of California, North Carolina, Ohio and Virginia, the states in which our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are domiciled, include this enterprise risk report requirement.

In 2012, the NAIC also adopted the Risk Management and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment Model Act (the “ORSA Model Act”). The ORSA Model Act, when adopted by the various states, requires an insurance holding company system’s Chief Risk Officer to submit annually to its lead state insurance regulator an ORSA. The ORSA is a confidential internal assessment appropriate to the nature, scale and complexity of an insurer of the material and relevant risks identified by the insurer associated with an insurer’s current business plan and the sufficiency of capital resources to support those risks. The ORSA Model Act must be adopted by a state legislature in order to be effective in that state. Each of California, North Carolina, Ohio and Virginia, the states in which our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are domiciled, adopted and require an ORSA filing.

We cannot predict with certainty the effect any enacted, proposed or future state or federal regulation or NAIC initiative may have on the conduct of our business. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the regulatory requirements applicable to our business will not become more stringent in the future or result in materially higher cost than current requirements. Changes in regulation of our business may materially reduce our profitability, limit our growth or otherwise materially adversely affect our operations.

~~We depend upon dividends and distributions from our subsidiaries, and we may be unable to distribute dividends to our shareholders to the extent we do not receive dividends from our subsidiaries.~~

We are a holding company that has no substantial operations of our own. Accordingly, we rely primarily on cash dividends or distributions from our operating subsidiaries to pay our operating expenses and any dividends that we may pay to shareholders. The payment of dividends by our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries is limited under the laws and regulations of the applicable domicile. These regulations stipulate the maximum amount of annual dividends or other distributions available to shareholders without prior approval of the relevant regulatory authorities. As a result of such regulations, we may not be able to pay our operating expenses as they become due and our payment of future dividends to shareholders may be limited.

The payment of dividends by our subsidiaries to us is limited by statute. In general, the laws and regulations applicable to our U.S. insurance subsidiaries limit the aggregate amount of dividends or other distributions that they may declare or pay within any 12 month period without advance regulatory approval. In Ohio, the domiciliary state of Falls Lake National and James River Insurance, this limitation is the greater of statutory net income for the preceding calendar year or 10% of the statutory surplus at the end of the preceding calendar year, provided that such dividends may only be paid out of earned surplus of each of the companies, without obtaining regulatory approval. In North Carolina, the domiciliary state of Stonewood Insurance, this limitation is the greater of statutory net income excluding realized capital gains for the preceding calendar year or 10% of the statutory surplus at the end of the preceding calendar year, provided that such dividends may only be paid out of unassigned surplus without obtaining regulatory approval. In Virginia, the domiciliary state of James River Casualty, this limitation is the greater of statutory net income excluding realized capital gains for the preceding calendar year or 10% of the statutory surplus at the end of the preceding calendar year, provided that such dividends may only be paid out of unassigned surplus without obtaining regulatory approval. In California, the domiciliary state of Falls Lake Fire and Casualty Company, this limitation is the greater of statutory net income for the preceding calendar year or 10% of the statutory surplus at the end of the preceding calendar year, provided that such dividends may only be paid out of unassigned surplus without obtaining regulatory approval. In addition, insurance regulators have broad powers to prevent reduction of statutory surplus to inadequate levels and could refuse to permit the payment of dividends calculated under any applicable formula. In addition, dividends paid by our U.S. subsidiaries to our U.K. holding company are subject to a 5% withholding tax by the IRS. Under U.K. domestic law, no withholding tax is applied to dividends paid by U.K. tax resident companies.

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Carolina Re and JRG Re, which are domiciled in Bermuda, are registered as a Class 3A and Class 3B, respectively, insurer under the Insurance Act. The Insurance Act, the conditions listed in the insurance license and the applicable approvals issued by the BMA provide that Carolina Re and JRG Re are required to maintain a combined minimum statutory solvency margin of approximately $172.9 million as of December 31, 2020. A Class 3A and a Class 3B insurer is prohibited from declaring or paying a dividend if it fails to meet, before or after declaration or payment of such dividend, its: (i) requirements under the Companies Act, (ii) minimum solvency margin, (iii) enhanced capital requirement or (iv) minimum liquidity ratio. If a Class 3A or Class 3B insurer fails to meet its minimum solvency margin or minimum liquidity ratio on the last day of any financial year, it is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends during the next financial year without the approval of the BMA. In addition, Carolina Re, as a Class 3A insurer, and JRG Re, as a Class 3B insurer, is prohibited from declaring or paying in any financial year dividends of more than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus (as shown on its previous financial year’s statutory balance sheet) unless it files (at least seven days before payment of such dividends) with the BMA an affidavit signed by at least two directors (one of whom must be a Bermuda resident director if any of the insurer’s directors are resident in Bermuda) and the principal representative stating that it will continue to meet its solvency margin and minimum liquidity ratio. Where such an affidavit is filed, it shall be available for public inspection at the offices of the BMA.

The inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make distributions to us, including as a result of regulatory or other restrictions, may prevent us from paying our expenses or paying dividends to our shareholders.

2021.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit Number						Description
3.1						Certificate of Incorporation of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.2						Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.3						Memorandum of Association of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.4						Certificate of Deposit of Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital, dated December 24, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.5						Certificate of Deposit of Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital, dated October 7, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.6						Third Amended and Restated Bye-Laws of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 12, 2015, Commission File No. 001-36777)

31.1						Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

31.2						Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

32						Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document in Exhibit 101.

5958

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

Date:	August ~~5, 2021~~2, 2022	By:	/s/ Frank N. ~~D'Orazio~~D’Orazio
			Frank N. ~~D'Orazio~~D’Orazio
			Chief Executive Officer and Director
			(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	August ~~5, 2021~~2, 2022	By:	/s/ Sarah C. Doran
			Sarah C. Doran
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer)

6059


	Number of Common Shares Outstanding	Common Shares (Par)		Preferred Shares		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained (Deficit) Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total
	(in thousands, except share amounts)
Balances at March 31, 2021	30,774,930	$	6	$	0	$	663,987	$	(63,576)	$	39,211	$	639,628
Net income	—	—		—		—		20,843		—		20,843
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		15,358		15,358
Dividends	—	—		—		—		(11,260)		—		(11,260)
Issuance of common shares	6,497,500	1		—		192,106		—		—		192,107

Vesting of RSUs	3,132	—		—		(39)		—		—		(39)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		—		1,862		—		—		1,862
Balances at June 30, 2021	37,275,562	$	7	$	0	$	857,916	$	(53,993)	$	54,569	$	858,499

Balances at December 31, 2020	30,649,261	$	6	$	0	$	664,476	$	49,227	$	81,899	$	795,608
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(82,617)		—		(82,617)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		(27,330)		(27,330)
Dividends	—	—		—		—		(20,603)		—		(20,603)
Issuance of common shares	6,497,500	1		—		192,106		—		—		192,107
Exercise of stock options	16,471	—		—		159		—		—		159
Vesting of RSUs	112,330	—		—		(2,592)		—		—		(2,592)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		—		3,767		—		—		3,767
Balances at June 30, 2021	37,275,562	$	7	$	0	$	857,916	$	(53,993)	$	54,569	$	858,499


	Gross Reserves at June 30, 2021
	Case		IBNR		Total
	($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	566,154	$	910,937	$	1,477,091
Specialty Admitted Insurance	270,196		380,994		651,190
Casualty Reinsurance	132,875		185,846		318,721
Total	$	969,225	$	1,477,777	$	2,447,002


	Net Reserves at June 30, 2021
	Case		IBNR		Total
	($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	466,110	$	639,760	$	1,105,870
Specialty Admitted Insurance	39,871		57,737		97,608
Casualty Reinsurance	130,989		176,639		307,628
Total	$	636,970	$	874,136	$	1,511,106


Industry	Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)
Industrials and Other	$	196,567	25.3	%
Financial	192,887		24.8	%
Consumer Discretionary	118,526		15.3	%
Health Care	90,803		11.7	%
Consumer Staples	57,971		7.5	%
Utilities	119,721		15.4	%
Total	$	776,475	100.0	%


Public/Private	Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)
Publicly traded	$	702,608	90.5	%
Privately placed	73,867		9.5	%
Total	$	776,475	100.0	%