UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 033-90866

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES
CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	25-1615902
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1001 Air Brake Avenue Wilmerding, PA	15148
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

412-825-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨	Non-accelerated filer	¨	(Do not check if smaller reporting company)
Emerging growth company	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.



Class		Outstanding at ~~October 27, 2017~~July 25, 2018
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share		~~95,999,248 shares~~96,386,379

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE

TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
	PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements - (Unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017	6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3538

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	4651

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	4852

	PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	4953

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	4953

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4954

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	4954

Item 6.	Exhibits	4954

	Signatures	5156

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	Unaudited						Unaudited
In thousands, except shares and par value	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016			June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	228,080		$	398,484		$	245,574		$	233,401
Accounts receivable	792,726			667,596			835,150			800,619
Unbilled accounts receivable	351,613			274,912			378,084			366,168
Inventories	764,781			658,510			863,793			742,634
Deposit in escrow	—			744,748
Other current assets	139,925			123,381			124,286			122,291
Total current assets	2,277,125			2,867,631			2,446,887			2,265,113
Property, plant and equipment	988,223			912,230			1,009,198			1,026,046
Accumulated depreciation	(437,856		)	(393,854		)	(453,364		)	(452,074		)
Property, plant and equipment, net	550,367			518,376			555,834			573,972
Other Assets
Goodwill	2,384,758			2,078,765			2,428,591			2,460,103
Other intangibles, net	1,140,387			1,053,860			1,174,400			1,204,432
Other noncurrent assets	97,013			62,386			71,894			76,360
Total other assets	3,622,158			3,195,011			3,674,885			3,740,895
Total Assets	$	6,449,650		$	6,581,018		$	6,677,606		$	6,579,980

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	512,905		$	530,211		$	615,677		$	552,525
Customer deposits	373,815			256,591			390,126			369,716
Accrued compensation	151,952			145,324			163,580			164,210
Accrued warranty	134,964			123,190			137,064			137,542
Current portion of long-term debt	49,748			129,809			27,115			47,225
Other accrued liabilities	242,056			261,514			272,906			302,112
Total current liabilities	1,465,440			1,446,639			1,606,468			1,573,330
Long-term debt	1,824,156			1,762,967			1,857,806			1,823,303
Accrued postretirement and pension benefits	108,182			110,597			98,742			103,734
Deferred income taxes	282,557			245,680			155,611			175,902
Accrued warranty	13,800			15,802			16,778			15,521
Other long-term liabilities	19,146			22,508			67,573			59,658
Total Liabilities	3,713,281			3,604,193			3,802,978			3,751,448
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 14)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Equity
Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued	—			—			—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized:
132,349,534 shares issued and 95,999,582 and 95,425,432 outstanding
at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	1,323			1,323
132,349,534 shares issued and 96,386,379 and 96,034,352 outstanding
at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively							1,323			1,323
Additional paid-in capital	900,536			869,951			910,350			906,616
Treasury stock, at cost, 36,349,952 and 36,924,102 shares,
at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	(828,103		)	(838,950		)
Treasury stock, at cost, 35,963,155 and 36,315,182 shares,
at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively							(821,178		)	(827,379		)
Retained earnings	2,735,876			2,553,258			2,922,986			2,773,300
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(91,930		)	(379,605		)	(156,201		)	(44,992		)
Total Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation shareholders' equity	2,717,702			2,205,977			2,857,280			2,808,868
Noncontrolling interest	18,667			770,848			17,348			19,664
Total Equity	2,736,369			2,976,825			2,874,628			2,828,532
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	6,449,650		$	6,581,018		$	6,677,606		$	6,579,980

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME


	Unaudited						Unaudited						Unaudited						Unaudited
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except per share data	2017			2016			2017			2016			2018			2017			2018			2017

Net sales	$	957,931		$	675,574		$	2,806,218		$	2,171,206		$	1,111,680		$	932,253		$	2,167,857		$	1,848,287
Cost of sales	(704,728		)	(463,093		)	(2,009,345		)	(1,466,156		)	(787,713		)	(658,290		)	(1,533,009		)	(1,304,617		)
Gross profit	253,203			212,481			796,873			705,050			323,967			273,963			634,848			543,670
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(117,838		)	(70,757		)	(367,753		)	(241,118		)	(171,157		)	(127,918		)	(318,358		)	(250,605		)
Engineering expenses	(24,709		)	(16,289		)	(71,511		)	(52,271		)	(19,388		)	(23,338		)	(41,437		)	(46,802		)
Amortization expense	(8,645		)	(5,339		)	(27,039		)	(16,100		)	(9,899		)	(9,350		)	(20,251		)	(18,394		)
Total operating expenses	(151,192		)	(92,385		)	(466,303		)	(309,489		)	(200,444		)	(160,606		)	(380,046		)	(315,801		)
Income from operations	102,011			120,096			330,570			395,561			123,523			113,357			254,802			227,869
Other income and expenses
Interest expense, net	(17,893		)	(6,057		)	(51,025		)	(15,897		)	(31,920		)	(17,564		)	(52,204		)	(37,422		)
Other income (expense), net	(2,933		)	1,188			(2,166		)	113			2,171			936			4,757			5,747
Income from operations before income taxes	81,185			115,227			277,379			379,777			93,774			96,729			207,355			196,194
Income tax expense	(12,746		)	(32,799		)	(64,776		)	(112,701		)	(10,503		)	(24,569		)	(36,627		)	(52,030		)
Net income	68,439			82,428			212,603			267,076			83,271			72,160			170,728			144,164
Less: Net (Gain) Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(1,040		)	—			710			—
Less: Net loss (gain) attributable to noncontrolling interest													1,145			(135		)	2,054			1,750
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	67,399		$	82,428		$	213,313		$	267,076		$	84,416		$	72,025		$	172,782		$	145,914

Earnings Per Common Share
Basic
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	0.70		$	0.92		$	2.23		$	2.94		$	0.88		$	0.75		$	1.80		$	1.52
Diluted
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	0.70		$	0.91		$	2.22		$	2.92		$	0.87		$	0.75		$	1.79		$	1.52

Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic	95,709			89,589			95,163			90,546			95,992			95,641			95,867			95,370
Diluted	96,316			90,293			95,808			91,316			96,575			96,284			96,471			96,071

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Unaudited Unaudited
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
In thousands 2017 2016 2017 2016

Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders $ 67,399
$ 82,428
$ 213,313
$ 267,076

Foreign currency translation gain (loss) 82,905
2,734
277,984
(7,385 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative contracts 15,021
1,169
18,400
(1,740 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on pension benefit plans and post-retirement benefit plans 27
982
(3,017 ) (652 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax 97,953
4,885
293,367
(9,777 )
Income tax (expense) benefit related to components of
other comprehensive income (5,333 ) (594 ) (5,692 ) 441

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 92,620
4,291
287,675
(9,336 )
Comprehensive income attributable to Wabtec shareholders $ 160,019
$ 86,719
$ 500,988
$ 257,740



	Unaudited						Unaudited
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2018			2017			2018			2017

Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	84,416		$	72,025		$	172,782		$	145,914
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain	(192,778		)	145,684			(114,811		)	195,079
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts	(7,567		)	1,686			(5,501		)	3,379
Unrealized gain (loss) on pension benefit plans and post-retirement benefit plans	10,665			30			10,235			(3,044		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax	(189,680		)	147,400			(110,077		)	195,414
Income tax expense related to components of
other comprehensive income	(537		)	(300		)	(1,132		)	(361		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(190,217		)	147,100			(111,209		)	195,053
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	(105,801	)	$	219,125		$	61,573		$	340,967

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	Unaudited						Unaudited
	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except per share data	2017			2016			2018			2017

Operating Activities
Net income	$	212,603		$	267,076		$	170,728		$	144,164
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization	76,970			49,375			53,227			51,051
Stock-based compensation expense	14,539			14,788			13,983			11,879
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment	1,633			151			1,353			525
Excess income tax benefits from exercise of stock options	—			(446		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions
Accounts receivable and unbilled accounts receivable	(60,246		)	(38,362		)	(59,979		)	(66,544		)
Inventories	(53,365		)	2,301			(116,131		)	(48,406		)
Accounts payable	(121,389		)	(43,777		)	59,411			(75,761		)
Accrued income taxes	(35,942		)	5,952			(202		)	(23,025		)
Accrued liabilities and customer deposits	81,270			(8,353		)	27,545			86,937
Other assets and liabilities	(89,562		)	(1,812		)	(82,031		)	(94,523		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	26,511			246,893
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities							67,904			(13,703		)
Investing Activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(60,263		)	(31,676		)	(39,723		)	(38,425		)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment	1,066			140			8,900			471
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired	(114,175		)	(84,355		)	(38,277		)	(846,675		)
Release of deposit in escrow	23,548			—
Net cash used for investing activities	(149,824		)	(115,891		)	(69,100		)	(884,629		)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from debt	883,473			346,000			591,890			745,035
Payments of debt	(918,919		)	(215,850		)	(546,394		)	(680,145		)
Purchase of treasury stock	—			(212,176		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and other benefit plans	2,888			1,773			6,867			2,679
Payment of income tax withholding on share-based compensation	(6,798		)	(9,006		)	(6,503		)	(6,802		)
Excess income tax benefits from exercise of equity options	—			446
Cash dividends ($0.32 and $0.26 per share for the nine months
ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively)	(30,693		)	(23,523		)
Net cash used for financing activities	(70,049		)	(112,336		)
Cash dividends ($0.24 and $0.20 per share for the six months
ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively)							(23,096		)	(19,177		)
Net cash provided by financing activities							22,764			41,590
Effect of changes in currency exchange rates	22,958			5,525			(9,395		)	42,032
(Decrease) Increase in cash	(170,404		)	24,191
Cash, beginning of period	398,484			226,191
Cash, end of period	$	228,080		$	250,382
Increase (Decrease) in cash							12,173			(814,710		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period							233,401			1,143,232
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period							$	245,574		$	328,522

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED ~~SEPTEMBER~~JUNE 30, ~~2017~~2018 (UNAUDITED)

1. BUSINESS

Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation (“Wabtec” or the "Company") is one of the world’s largest providers of value-added, technology-based ~~products~~equipment, systems and services for the global ~~rail industry. Our products are found on virtually all U.S. locomotives, freight cars and~~ passenger transit ~~vehicles, as well as in more than 100 countries throughout the world.~~and freight rail industries. Our highly engineered products enhance safety, improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for customers, can be found on most locomotives, freight cars, passenger transit cars and buses around the world, and many of our core products and services are essential in the safe and efficient operation of freight rail and passenger transit vehicles. Wabtec is a global company with operations in 31 ~~countries.~~countries and our products can be found in more than 100 countries throughout the world. In the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017,~~2018, approximately ~~65%~~66% of the Company’s revenues came from customers outside the United States.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and include the accounts of Wabtec and its subsidiaries in which Wabtec has a controlling interest. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. In management’s opinion, these financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Results for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

The Company operates on a four-four-five week accounting quarter, and the quarters end on or about March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31.

The notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in Wabtec’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017. The December 31, ~~2016~~2017 information has been derived from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

Revenue Recognition ~~Revenue~~On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. This new guidance provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized, and requires entities to recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer.

Approximately 75% of the Company’s revenues are derived from performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time when control passes to the customer which is generally at the time of shipment in accordance with ~~Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605 “Revenue Recognition.” Revenue~~agreed upon delivery terms. The remaining revenues are earned over time. This approach is consistent with our revenue recognition approach in prior years.

The Company also has long-term customer agreements involving the design and production of highly engineered products that require revenue to be recognized ~~when~~over time because these products have ~~been shipped to the respective customers, title has passed~~no alternative use without significant economic loss and the ~~price for~~agreements contain an enforceable right to payment including a reasonable profit margin from the ~~product has been determined.~~

~~In general,~~customer in the event of contract termination. Additionally, the Company ~~recognizes~~has customer agreements involving the creation or enhancement of an asset that the customer controls which also require revenue ~~from long-term contracts based on~~to be recognized over time. This approach is consistent with our revenue recognition approach in prior years. Generally, the ~~percentage~~Company uses an input method for determining the amount of ~~completion method~~revenue, cost and gross margin to recognize over time for these customer agreements. The input methods used for these agreements include costs of ~~accounting. The units-of-delivery method or other input-based or output-based measures, as appropriate, are used to measure~~material and labor, both of which give an accurate representation of the progress made toward ~~completion~~complete satisfaction of ~~individual contracts.~~a particular performance obligation. Contract revenues and cost estimates are reviewed and revised quarterly at a minimum and adjustments are reflected in the accounting period as such amounts are determined. ~~Provisions~~

Contract assets include unbilled amounts resulting from sales under long-term contracts where revenue is recognized over time and revenue exceeds the amount that can be billed to the customer based on the terms of the contract. Contract assets are classified as current assets under the caption “Unbilled Accounts Receivable” on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient and not consider unbilled amounts anticipated to be paid within one year as significant financing components.

Contract liabilities include customer deposits that are made ~~currently~~prior to the incurrence of costs related to a newly agreed upon contract and advanced customer payments that are in excess of revenue recognized. These contract liabilities are classified as current liabilities under the caption “Customer Deposits” on the consolidated balance sheet. These contract liabilities are not considered a significant financing component because they are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and revenue associated with the contract liabilities is expected to be recognized within one year. Contract liabilities also include provisions for estimated losses onfrom uncompleted contracts. ~~Unbilled accounts receivables were $351.6 million and $274.9 million, customer deposits were $373.8 million and $256.6 million, and provisions~~Provisions for loss contracts were ~~$93.8~~$81.2 million and ~~$60.5~~$94.0 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, respectively. These provisions for estimated losses are classified as current liabilities and included within the caption “Other accrued liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheet.

Due to the nature of work required to be performed on the Company’s long-term projects, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Contract estimates related to long-term projects are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that could span several years. These assumptions include cost of materials; labor availability and productivity; complexity of the work to be performed; and the performance of suppliers, customers and subcontractors that may be associated with the contract. We have a disciplined quarterly estimate-at-completion process where management reviews the progress of long term-projects. As part of this process, management reviews information including key contract matters, progress towards completion, identified risks and opportunities and any other information that could impact the Company’s estimates of revenue and costs. After completing this analysis, any quarterly adjustments to net sales, cost of goods sold, and the related impact to operating income are recognized as necessary in the period they become known.

Generally, the Company’s revenue contains a single performance obligation for each distinct good. Pricing is defined in our contracts on a line item basis and includes an estimate of variable consideration when required by the terms of the individual customer contract. Types of variable consideration that the Company typically has include volume discounts, prompt payment discounts, liquidating damages, and performance bonuses. Sales returns and allowances are also estimated and recognized in the same period the related revenue is recognized, based upon the Company’s experience.

Pre-Production Costs Certain pre-production costs relating to long-term production and supply contracts have been deferred and will be recognized over the life of the contracts. Deferred pre-production costs were ~~$28.8~~$18.7 million and ~~$29.4~~$20.2 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, respectively.

Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified, where necessary, to conform to the current year presentation. Refer to Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements below.

Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from the estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based on currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates.

Financial Derivatives and Hedging Activities As part of its risk management strategy, the Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure due to changes in foreign currencies and interest rates. For further information regarding financial derivatives and hedging activities, refer to Footnotes 1214 and ~~13.~~15.

Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, except for the Company’s Mexican operations whose functional currency is the U.S. Dollar, are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date while income and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions and the translation of financial statements are recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements based upon the provisions of ASC 830 “Foreign Currency Matters.” The effects of currency exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions and balances of a long-term investment nature are accumulated and carried as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The effects of currency exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions that are denominated in a currency other than an entity’s functional currency are charged or credited to earnings.

Noncontrolling Interests In accordance with ASC 810 "Consolidation", the Company has classified noncontrolling interests as equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016.~~2017. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was a loss of $1.1 million and income of $0.1 million, for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was a ~~$1.0~~loss of $2.1 million ~~gain~~ and ~~a $0.7~~$1.8 million, ~~loss, respectively, and was not material~~

for the ~~three and nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016.~~2018 and 2017, respectively. Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 was not material.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In ~~March 2017,~~February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. ~~2017-07 "Compensation~~2018-02, "Income Statement - ~~Retirement Benefits~~Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic ~~715)~~220): ~~Improving the Presentation~~Reclassification of ~~Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost"~~Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income". The amendments in this update ~~require~~address certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") resulting from the ~~service cost component~~Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"). Current guidance requires the effect of ~~net benefit costs~~a change in tax laws or rates on deferred tax balances to be reported in ~~the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising~~income from ~~services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit costs are required to be presented~~continuing operations in the accounting period that includes the period of enactment, even if the related income ~~statement separately from~~tax effects were originally charged or credited directly to AOCI. The amount of the ~~service cost component~~reclassification would include the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate on the gross deferred tax amounts and ~~outside income from operations. This update also allows~~related valuation allowances, if any, at the ~~service cost component~~date of the enactment of the Tax Act related to ~~be eligible for capitalization when applicable.~~items in AOCI. The ~~ASU~~updated guidance is effective for ~~public companies in the fiscal years~~reporting periods beginning after December 15, ~~2017,~~2018 and ~~interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption was permitted as~~is to be applied retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the Tax Act related to items remaining in AOCI are recognized or at the beginning of ~~an annual period. The amendments should be applied retrospectively for~~ the ~~presentation~~period of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit in assets.adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Company ~~does not expect~~is currently evaluating the ~~adoption~~potential impact of adopting this guidance ~~in 2018 to have a material impact~~ on ~~the Company's~~its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment". The amendments in this update eliminate the requirement to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform a goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value up to the carrying amount of the goodwill. The ASU is effective for public companies in the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The impact of adopting this guidance could result in a change in the overall conclusion as to whether or not a reporting ~~units'~~unit's goodwill is impaired and the amount of an impairment charge recognized in the event a reporting units' carrying value exceeds its fair value. All of the Company's reporting units had fair values that were substantially greater than the carrying value as of the Company's last quantitative goodwill impairment test, which was performed as of October 1, ~~2016.~~

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash". The amendments in this update require a statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for public companies in the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted.2017. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 814)" which requires lessees to recognize a right of use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. For leases with terms less than 12 months, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize a right of use asset and lease liability. The ~~ASU is~~guidance requires enhanced disclosures regarding the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases that will be effective for ~~public companies in the fiscal years~~interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, ~~and interim periods within those fiscal years.~~with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt the requirements of the new standard effective January 1, 2019. The guidance requires the use of a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating its lease portfolio to assess the ~~potential~~ impact to the Consolidated Finance Statements. The Company is in the process of ~~adopting this~~implementing processes and information technology tools to assist in its ongoing lease data collection and analysis, and evaluating its accounting policies and internal controls that would be impacted by the new guidance, ~~on its consolidated financial statements.~~to ensure readiness for adoption in the first quarter of 2019.

Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contract with Customers.” The ASU ~~will supersede~~supersedes most of the ~~existing~~previous revenue recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP and ~~will require~~requires entities to recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. The new standard also requires significantly expanded disclosures regarding the qualitative and quantitative information of an entity’s nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The ~~Board voted to propose that the standard would take effect~~ASU became effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and that early adoption would be allowed as of the original effective date. The impact of adopting the new standard on net sales and operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is not expected to be material.2017. The Company also does not expect a material impact to the consolidated balance sheet. The impact to results is not anticipated to be material because the analysis of the Company's current contracts under the new revenue recognition standard supports how the Company is currently recognizing revenue over time and at a point in time; however, the Company's conclusions may evolve as management completes its contract reviews and evaluation. The Company plans to adoptadopted this accounting standard update using the modified retrospective ~~method,~~method. The impact of adopting the new standard was not material to the consolidated statement of income or the consolidated balance sheet.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost". The amendments in this update require the service cost component of net benefit costs to be reported in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit costs are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside income from operations. This update also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. The ASU became effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In accordance with this update, the Company began recognizing the interest expense component of net periodic benefit cost in

interest expense in the income statement and the expected return on plan assets, net amortization/deferrals, and curtailments in other income (expense), net in the income statement. This update has been applied retrospectively for presentation of the service cost component and other components of net benefit costs in accordance with the ~~cumulative effect~~ASU and the impact of ~~initially applying this update recognized~~adoption resulted in increases of $0.3 million, $2.2 million and $2.5 million to selling, general, and administrative expense, interest expense, net and other income, net, respectively, in the ~~first reporting period~~income statement for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The impact of ~~2018. The Company is~~adoption resulted in increases of $0.7 million, $4.3 million and $5.0 million to selling, general, and administrative expense, interest expense, net and other income, net, respectively, in the ~~process~~income statement for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Also, the capitalization of drafting an updated accounting policy, evaluating new disclosure requirements and identifying and implementing appropriate changes to its business processes, systems and controls to support recognition and disclosure under the ~~new guidance. The Company believes it is following an appropriate timeline to appropriately adopt this new standard on January 1, 2018.~~service cost component of net benefit cost has been adopted prospectively in accordance with the ASU.

~~Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements~~In ~~March~~November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. ~~2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation~~2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic ~~718)~~230): ~~Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”~~Restricted Cash". The ~~ASU simplifies several aspects for~~amendments in this update require a statement of cash flows to explain the ~~accounting for share-based payment transactions, including~~change during the ~~income tax consequences, classification of awards~~period in total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as ~~either equity~~restricted cash or ~~liabilities,~~restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and ~~classification~~restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU became effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In accordance with this update, the Company began recognizing all excess tax deficiencies and tax benefits from share-based payment awards as a benefit or expense to income tax in the income statement.2017. This update has been adopted prospectively in accordance with the ASU and the impact of adoption on the income statement was not material. Additionally in accordance with this update, the Company began classifying excess income tax benefits from exercise of stock options as an operating activity on the consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company elected to adopt this amendmentapplied retrospectively and as a result restricted cash related to the ~~impact~~acquisition of Faiveley Transport is included in the ~~adoption on operating and financing~~change in cash ~~flows~~ for the ~~three and nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016 was not material.~~

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes" which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by requiring deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. The Company elected to early adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2016; therefore, all deferred income tax assets and liabilities are classified in the noncurrent deferred income taxes line-items on the consolidated balance sheets.2017.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income comprises both net income and the change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources.

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss~~income (loss) by component, net of tax, for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 are as follows:


In thousands	Foreign currency translation			Derivative contracts			Pension and post retirement benefit plans			Total			Foreign currency translation			Derivative contracts			Pension and post retirement benefit plans			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(321,033	)	$	(2,957	)	$	(55,615	)	$	(379,605	)
Balance at December 31, 2017													$	5,063		$	4,015		$	(54,070	)	$	(44,992	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	277,984			11,424			(4,715		)	284,693			(114,811		)	(4,760		)	6,744			(112,827		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income	—			1,206			1,776			2,982			—			579			1,039			1,618
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	277,984			12,630			(2,939		)	287,675			(114,811		)	(4,181		)	7,783			(111,209		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(43,049	)	$	9,673		$	(58,554	)	$	(91,930	)
Balance at June 30, 2018													$	(109,748	)	$	(166	)	$	(46,287	)	$	(156,201	)

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows:



In thousands	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			Affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Amortization of defined pension and post retirement items
Amortization of initial net obligation and prior service cost	$	(375	)	Other income (expense), net
Amortization of net loss	1,093			Other income (expense), net
	718			Other income (expense), net
	(198		)	Income tax expense
	$	520		Net income

Derivative contracts
Realized gain on derivative contracts	$	176		Interest expense, net
	(42		)	Income tax expense
	$	134		Net income

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss~~income (loss) for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 are as follows:


In thousands	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			Affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			Affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Amortization of defined pension and post retirement items
Amortization of initial net obligation and prior service cost	$	(422	)	Cost of sales	$	(751	)	Other income (expense), net
Amortization of net loss	1,240			Cost of sales	2,186			Other income (expense), net
	818			Income from Operations	1,435			Other income (expense), net
	(226		)	Income tax expense	(396		)	Income tax expense
	$	592		Net income	$	1,039		Net income

Derivative contracts
Realized loss on derivative contracts	$	497		Interest expense, net
Realized gain on derivative contracts					$	855		Interest expense, net
	(131		)	Income tax expense	(276		)	Income tax expense
	$	366		Net income	$	579		Net income

~~Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are as follows:~~

In thousands
Amount reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive income

Affected line item in the
Condensed Consolidated
Statements of Income
Amortization of defined pension and post retirement items
Amortization of initial net obligation and prior service cost $ (1,266 ) Cost of sales
Amortization of net loss 3,720
Cost of sales
2,454
Income from Operations
(678 ) Income tax expense
$ 1,776
Net income

Derivative contracts
Realized loss on derivative contracts $ 1,653
Interest expense, net
(447 ) Income tax expense
$ 1,206
Net income

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016~~2017 are as follows:


	Foreign currency translation			Derivative contracts			Pension and post retirement benefit plans			Total			Foreign currency translation			Derivative contracts			Pension and post retirement benefit plans			Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	(227,349	)	$	(2,987	)	$	(46,383	)	$	(276,719	)
Balance at December 31, 2016													$	(321,033	)	$	(2,957	)	$	(55,615	)	$	(379,605	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(7,385		)	(2,192		)	(1,969		)	(11,546		)	195,079			1,978			(4,029		)	193,028
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income	—			883			1,327			2,210			—			843			1,184			2,027
Net current period other comprehensive (loss)	(7,385		)	(1,309		)	(642		)	(9,336		)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	(234,734	)	$	(4,296	)	$	(47,025	)	$	(286,055	)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)													195,079			2,821			(2,845		)	195,055
Balance at June 30, 2017													$	(125,954	)	$	(136	)	$	(58,460	)	$	(184,550	)

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016~~2017 are as follows:


In thousands	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			Affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			Affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Amortization of defined pension and post retirement items
Amortization of initial net obligation and prior service cost	$	6		Cost of sales	$	(422	)	Other income (expense), net
Amortization of net loss	611			Cost of sales	1,240			Other income (expense), net
	617			Income from Operations	818			Other income (expense), net
	(175		)	Income tax expense	(226		)	Income tax expense
	$	442		Net income	$	592		Net income

Derivative contracts
Realized loss on derivative contracts	$	338		Interest expense, net
Realized gain on derivative contracts					$	566		Interest expense, net
	(96		)	Income tax expense	(149		)	Income tax expense
	$	242		Net income	$	417		Net income

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016~~2017 are as follows:


In thousands	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			Affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			Affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Amortization of defined pension and post retirement items
Amortization of initial net obligation and prior service cost	$	(801	)	Cost of sales	$	(844	)	Other income (expense), net
Amortization of net loss	2,702			Cost of sales	2,480			Other income (expense), net
	1,901			Income from Operations	1,636			Other income (expense), net
	(574		)	Income tax expense	(452		)	Income tax expense
	$	1,327		Net income	$	1,184		Net income

Derivative contracts
Realized loss on derivative contracts	$	1,265		Interest expense, net
Realized gain on derivative contracts					$	1,155		Interest expense, net
	(382		)	Income tax expense	(312		)	Income tax expense
	$	883		Net income	$	843		Net income

3. PROPOSED MERGER WITH GE TRANSPORTATION

On May 20, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with General Electric Company (“GE”), Transportation Systems Holdings Inc. (“SpinCo”), which is a newly formed wholly owned subsidiary of GE, and Wabtec US Rail Holdings, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), which is a newly formed wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In addition, on May 20, 2018, GE, SpinCo, the Company and Wabtec US Rail Holdings, Inc. (“Direct Sale Purchaser”), entered into the Separation, Distribution and Sale Agreement (the “Separation Agreement”). Together, the Merger Agreement and the Separation Agreement provide for the combination of the Company and GE’s realigned transportation business (“GE Transportation”) through a modified Reverse Morris Trust transaction structure. The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the Separation Agreement (the “Transactions”) have been approved by the Boards of Directors of both the Company and GE.

Transportation will be sold to Direct Sale Purchaser for a cash payment of $2.9 billion (the "Direct Sale"), and Direct Sale Purchaser will assume certain liabilities of GE Transportation in connection with this purchase. Thereafter, GE will transfer the remaining business and operations of GE Transportation (the “SpinCo Business”) to SpinCo and its subsidiaries (to the extent not already held by SpinCo and its subsidiaries) (the “SpinCo Transfer”), and SpinCo will issue to GE additional shares of SpinCo common stock. Following this issuance of additional SpinCo common stock to GE, GE will hold all of the outstanding SpinCo common stock.

Following the Direct Sale and the SpinCo Transfer and based on market conditions, GE will distribute certain of the shares of SpinCo’s common stock to GE’s stockholders by way of a spin-off or a split-off transaction (the “Distribution”), as determined in GE’s discretion.

In a spin-off, all GE stockholders would receive a pro rata number of shares of SpinCo common stock. In a split-off, GE would offer its stockholders the option to exchange all or a portion of their shares of GE common stock for shares of SpinCo common stock in an exchange offer, resulting in a reduction in GE’s outstanding shares. If the exchange offer is undertaken and consummated but the exchange offer is not fully subscribed because less than all shares of SpinCo common stock available for distribution by GE are exchanged, the remaining shares of SpinCo common stock available for distribution by GE would be distributed on a pro rata basis to GE stockholders whose shares of GE common stock remain outstanding after the consummation of the exchange offer.

Immediately after the Distribution and on the closing date of the merger, Merger Sub will merge with and into SpinCo, whereby the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will cease and SpinCo will continue as the surviving company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In the Merger, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Merger Agreement, each share of SpinCo common stock will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of the Company’s common stock based on the exchange ratio set forth in the Merger Agreement.

Immediately after the consummation of the Merger, 50.1% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock on a fully diluted basis will be held collectively by GE and pre-Merger holders of GE common stock (with approximately 9.9% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock expected to be held by GE) and 49.9% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock on a fully diluted basis will be held by pre-Merger stockholders of the Company. Pursuant to certain agreements to be entered into in connection with the Transactions, GE will be obligated to sell a number of its shares of the Company’s common stock within two years of the date of the Distribution and, subject to limited exceptions, to sell all of its shares of the Company’s common stock within three years of the closing date of the Merger.

Subject to adjustment under certain circumstances as set forth in the Merger Agreement, the Company will issue the requisite shares of the Company’s common stock in the Merger. Based upon the reported closing sale price of $103.85 per share for the Company’s common stock on the NYSE on July 18, 2018, the total value of the shares of the Company’s common stock to be issued by the Company in the merger would be approximately $10,184 million and the cash to be received by GE in the transactions, including in respect of the Direct Sale, would be approximately $3,370 million. The actual value of the Company’s common stock to be issued in the Merger will depend on the market price of shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of the Merger.

After the Merger, the Company will own and operate the SpinCo Business and the assets acquired in the Direct Sale. It is anticipated that SpinCo, which will be the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, will hold the SpinCo Business and Direct Sale Purchaser, which will also be the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, will hold the assets purchased and the liabilities assumed in connection with the Direct Sale. Together, SpinCo and Direct Sale Purchaser will own and operate post-Transaction GE Transportation. The Company will also continue its current businesses. All shares of the Company’s common stock, including those issued in the Merger, will be listed on the NYSE under the Company’s current trading symbol “WAB.”

On the date of the Distribution, GE or its subsidiaries and SpinCo or the subsidiaries of GE that GE will contribute to SpinCo pursuant to the Separation Agreement will enter into additional agreements relating to, among other things, intellectual property, employee matters, tax matters, research and development, co-location services and transition services.

The value of the total consideration to be delivered by the Company in the Transactions would be approximately $13.5 billion based on the Company’s reported closing stock price on the NYSE on July 18, 2018; however, the final purchase price will depend on the market price of shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of the Merger. The transaction is expected to close by early 2019, subject to customary closing conditions, including certain approvals by the Company’s shareholders and regulatory approvals.

4. ACQUISITIONS

Faiveley Transport

On November 30, 2016, the Company acquired majority ownership of Faiveley Transport S.A. (“Faiveley Transport”) under the terms of a Share Purchase Agreement (“Share Purchase Agreement”). Faiveley Transport is a leading global provider of value-added, integrated systems and services for the railway industry with annual sales of about $1.2 billion and more than 5,700 employees in 24 countries. Faiveley Transport supplies railway manufacturers, operators and maintenance providers with a range of value-added, technology-based systems and services in Energy & Comfort (air conditioning, power collectors and converters, and passenger information), Access & Mobility (passenger access systems and platform doors), and Brakes and Safety (braking systems and couplers). The transaction was structured as a step acquisition as follows:

49% of the outstanding voting shares of Faiveley Transport. Upon completion of the share purchase under the Share Purchase Agreement, Wabtec commenced a tender offer for the remaining publicly traded Faiveley Transport shares. The public shareholders had the option to elect to receive €100 per share in cash or 1.1538 shares of Wabtec common stock per share of Faiveley Transport. The common stock portion of the consideration was subject to a cap on issuance of Wabtec common shares that was equivalent to the rates of cash and stock elected by the 51% owners.

On February 3, 2017, the initial cash tender offer was closed, which resulted in the Company acquiring approximately 27% of additional outstanding share capital and voting rights of Faiveley Transport for approximately $411.8 million in cash and $25.2 million in Wabtec stock. After the initial cash tender offer, the Company owned approximately 78% of outstanding share capital and 76% of voting rights.

On March 6, 2017, the final cash tender offer was closed, which resulted in the Company acquiring approximately 21% of additional outstanding share capital and 22% of additional outstanding voting rights of Faiveley Transport for approximately $303.2 million in cash and $0.3 million in Wabtec stock. After the final cash tender offer, the Company owned approximately 99% of the share capital and 98% of the voting rights of Faiveley Transport.

On March 21, 2017, a mandatory squeeze-out procedure was finalized, which resulted in the Company acquiring the Faiveley Transport shares not tendered in the offers for approximately $17.5 million in cash. This resulted in the Company owning 100% of the share capital and voting rights of Faiveley Transport.

As of November 30, 2016, the date the Company acquired 51% of the share capital and 49% of the voting interest in Faiveley Transport, Faiveley Transport was consolidated under the variable interest entity model as the Company concluded that it was the primary beneficiary of Faiveley Transport as it then possessed the power to direct the activities of Faiveley Transport that most significantly impact its economic performance and it then possessed the obligation and right to absorb losses and benefits from Faiveley Transport.

The ~~aggregate value of consideration~~purchase price paid for 100% ownership of Faiveley Transport was ~~$1,736.1 million including $944.3 million in cash, $560.2 million in stock or approximately 6.6 million shares, $409.9 million in debt assumed, less $178.3 million in cash acquired.~~$1,507.0 million. The $744.7 million included as deposits in escrow on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 was cash designated for use as consideration for the tender offers.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed ~~are preliminarily~~were determined using the income, cost and market approaches. The fair value measurements were primarily based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and are considered Level 3. The December 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet includes the assets and liabilities of Faiveley Transport, which have been measured at fair value. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was preliminarily determined using the market price of Faiveley Transport’s publicly traded common stock multiplied by the number of publicly traded common shares outstanding at the acquisition date and is considered Level 1. The acquisition of the noncontrolling interest induring the three months ended March 31, 2017 resulted in a $8.9 million increase to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet which represents the difference in consideration paid to acquire the noncontrolling interest and the carrying value of noncontrolling interest at acquisition.

The following table summarizes the ~~preliminary estimated~~final fair values of the Faiveley Transport assets acquired and liabilities assumed:


In thousands
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	178,318	$	178,318
Accounts receivable	444,741		439,631
Inventories	205,649		205,649
Other current assets	70,930		70,930
Property, plant, and equipment	148,746		148,746
Goodwill	1,257,360		1,262,350
Trade names	346,328		346,328
Customer relationships	233,529		233,529
Patents	1,201		1,201
Other noncurrent assets	183,252		184,564
Total assets acquired	3,070,054		3,071,246
Liabilities assumed
Current liabilities	805,992		819,493
Debt	409,899		409,899
Other noncurrent liabilities	347,348		335,039
Total liabilities assumed	1,563,239		1,564,431
Net assets acquired	$	1,506,815	$	1,506,815

~~These estimates are preliminary in nature and subject to adjustments, which could be material. Any necessary adjustments will be finalized within one year from the date of acquisition.~~

During the ~~nine~~twelve months ended ~~September 30,~~December 31, 2017, the estimated fair values for customer relationships and current

liabilities were adjusted by $21.8 million and ~~$51.8~~$65.3 million, respectively, for changes to initial estimates based on information that existed at the date of acquisition. Additionally, the estimated fair values for accounts receivable and current liabilities were adjusted by $2.8 million and $36.2 million, respectively, to correct errors in the preliminary estimated fair values of the Faiveley Transport assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Other noncurrent assets were adjusted by ~~$29.0~~$30.0 million to record the deferred tax impact of these adjustments. As a result of these adjustments and other immaterial adjustments related to changes to initial estimates based on information that existed at the date of acquisition, goodwill increased by ~~$69.1~~$74.1 million. Accounts receivable and current liabilities were adjusted by $64.3 million to correct an error in the preliminary estimated fair values of Faiveley Transport assets and liabilities assumed related to a factoring arrangement with recourse.

Substantially all of the accounts receivable acquired are expected to be collectible. Included in current liabilities is $25.9 million of accrued compensation for acquired share-based stock plans that are obligated to be settled in cash. Contingent liabilities assumed as part of the transaction were not material. These contingent liabilities are related to ~~contract disputes,~~ environmental, legal and tax matters. Contingent liabilities are recorded at fair value in purchase accounting, aside from those pertaining to uncertainty in income taxes which isare an exception to the fair value basis of accounting.

Goodwill was calculated as the difference between the acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and represents the future economic benefits, including synergies and assembled workforce, the Company expects to achieve as a result of the acquisition. Purchased goodwill is not ~~expected to be~~ deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill ~~has been preliminarily~~allocated to the Freight segment is $72.0 million and the goodwill allocated to the Transit ~~segment.~~

~~For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company’s consolidated statement of income included $294.4 million and $851.8 million of revenues, respectively, from Faiveley Transport.~~segment is $1,190.4 million.

Other Acquisitions

The Company has made the following acquisitions operating as a business unit or component of a business unit in the Freight Segment:

On December 4, 2017, the Company acquired Melett Limited ("Melett"), a leader in the design, manufacture, and supply of high-quality turbochargers and replacement parts to the turbocharger aftermarket, for a purchase price of approximately $74.0 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in preliminary goodwill of $28.8 million, none of which will be deductible for tax purposes.

On April 5, 2017, the Company acquired Thermal Transfer Corporation ("TTC"), a leading provider of heat transfer solutions for industrial applications, for a purchase price of approximately $32.5 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in ~~preliminary~~ goodwill of ~~$16.3~~$14.1 million, all of which will be deductible for tax purposes.

On March ~~14,~~13, 2017, the Company acquired Aero Transportation Products ("ATP"), a manufacturer of engineered covering systems for hopper freight cars, for a purchase price of approximately $65.3 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in ~~preliminary~~ goodwill of ~~$31.9 million, all of which will be deductible for tax purposes.~~

On December 14, 2016, the Company acquired Workhorse Rail LLC ("Workhorse"), a supplier of engineered freight car components mainly for the aftermarket, for a purchase price of approximately $43.8 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in preliminary goodwill of $24.4 million, 37.8% of which will be deductible for tax purposes.

On November 17, 2016, the Company acquired the assets of Precision Turbo & Engine ("Precision Turbo"), a designer and manufacturer of high-performance, aftermarket turbochargers, wastegates, and heat exchangers for the automotive performance market, for a purchase price of approximately $13.8 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in preliminary goodwill of $4.0 million, all of which will be deductible for tax purposes.

On May 5, 2016, the Company acquired Unitrac Railroad Materials ("Unitrac"), a leading designer and manufacturer of railroad products and track work services, for a purchase price of approximately $14.8 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in goodwill of $2.4$29.0 million, all of which will be deductible for tax purposes.

The Company has made the following acquisitions operating as a business unit or component of a business unit in the Transit Segment:

On March 22, 2018, the Company acquired Annax GmbH ("Annax"), a leading supplier of public address and passenger information systems for transit vehicles, for a purchase price of approximately $28.7 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in preliminary goodwill of $14.5 million, none of which will be deductible for tax purposes.

On October 2, 2017 ~~subsequent to the close of our accounting quarter,~~, the Company acquired AM General ~~Contractor~~Contract ("~~AM"~~AM General"), a manufacturer of safety systems, mainly for transit rail cars, ~~with annual sales of about $25.0 million.~~

~~On August 1, 2016, the Company acquired Gerken Group SA ("Gerken"), a manufacturer of specialty carbon and graphite products for rail and other industrial applications,~~ for a purchase price of approximately ~~$62.8~~$10.4 million, net of cash acquired, resulting in preliminary goodwill of ~~$17.5~~$12.9 million, none of which will be deductible for tax purposes.

The acquisitions listed above include escrow deposits of ~~$38.4~~$32.7 million, which act as security for indemnity and other claims in accordance with the purchase and related escrow agreements.

The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition for ~~TTC, ATP, Workhorse,~~Annax, Melett and ~~Precision Turbo.~~AM General. For the ~~Unitrac~~ATP and ~~Gerken~~TTC acquisitions, the following table summarizes the final fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.


	TTC			ATP			Workhorse			Precision Turbo			Gerken			Unitrac			Annax			Melett			AM General			TTC			ATP
In thousands	April 5, 2017			March 14, 2017			December 14, 2016			November 17, 2016			August 1, 2016			May 5, 2016			March 22, 2018			December 4, 2017			October 2, 2017			April 5, 2017			March 13, 2017
Current assets	$	3,746		$	11,666		$	9,137		$	4,145		$	32,706		$	11,476		$	34,037		$	35,258		$	6,610		$	3,744		$	11,666
Property, plant & equipment	5,909			5,354			—			1,346			7,667			1,768			674			5,917			4,140			5,413			5,354
Goodwill	16,309			31,934			24,373			4,019			17,470			2,442			14,507			28,801			12,944			14,095			29,034
Other intangible assets	12,300			22,100			19,400			5,200			30,560			1,230			23,998			30,479			12,097			12,300			25,000
Other assets	—			—			—			—			1,706			—
Total assets acquired	38,264			71,054			52,910			14,710			90,109			16,916			73,216			100,455			35,791			35,552			71,054
Total liabilities assumed	(5,753		)	(5,800		)	(9,083		)	(884		)	(27,262		)	(2,145		)	(44,549		)	(26,499		)	(25,375		)	(3,041		)	(5,800		)
Net assets acquired	$	32,511		$	65,254		$	43,827		$	13,826		$	62,847		$	14,771		$	28,667		$	73,956		$	10,416		$	32,511		$	65,254

Of the ~~$671.8~~allocation of $103.9 million of total acquired other intangible assets, ~~$367.6~~$31.9 million was assigned to trade names ~~$296.7~~and $67.6 million was assigned to customer ~~relationships, and $5.0 million was assigned to intellectual property.~~relationships. The trade names were determined to have indefinite useful lives, while the ~~intellectual property and~~ customer relationships’ average useful lives are 20 ~~years, and the non-compete agreements' useful life is five~~ years.

The Company also made smaller acquisitions not listed above which are individually and collectively immaterial.

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information presents income statement results as if the acquisitions listed above had occurred on January 1, ~~2016:~~2017:



In thousands	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018		Three Months Ended June 30, 2017		Six Months Ended June 30, 2018		Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Net sales	$	1,111,680	$	959,101	$	2,181,282	$	1,913,369
Gross profit	323,967		282,358		636,784		563,323
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	84,416		75,128		173,286		152,853
Diluted earnings per share
As Reported	$	0.87	$	0.75	$	1.79	$	1.52
Pro forma	$	0.87	$	0.78	$	1.79	$	1.59

In thousands Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended
September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Net sales $ 957,931
$ 995,869
$ 2,817,550
$ 3,168,195
Gross profit 253,203
301,554
799,695
977,743
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders 67,399
99,085
214,370
323,878
Diluted earnings per share
As Reported $ 0.70
$ 0.91
$ 2.22
$ 2.92
Pro forma $ 0.70
$ 1.02
$ 2.23
$ 3.30

4.5. INVENTORIES

The components of inventory, net of reserves, were:


In thousands	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	391,207	$	331,465	$	454,678	$	378,481
Work-in-progress	196,319		145,462		187,870		167,390
Finished goods	177,255		181,583		221,245		196,763
Total inventories	$	764,781	$	658,510	$	863,793	$	742,634

5.6. INTANGIBLES

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 is as follows:

In thousands
Freight
Segment

Transit
Segment
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 550,902
$ 1,527,863
$ 2,078,765
Adjustment to preliminary purchase allocation (13,395 ) 77,302
63,907
Acquisitions 62,158
4,999
67,157
Foreign currency impact 9,407
165,522
174,929
Balance at September 30, 2017 $ 609,072
$ 1,775,686
$ 2,384,758



In thousands	Freight Segment			Transit Segment			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	718,958		$	1,741,145		$	2,460,103
Additions	2,998			13,075			16,073
Foreign currency impact	(1,279		)	(46,306		)	(47,585		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	720,677		$	1,707,914		$	2,428,591

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, the Company’s trade names had a net carrying amount of ~~$583.7~~$602.8 million and ~~$510.5~~$603.4 million, respectively, and the Company believes these intangibles have indefinite lives.

Intangible assets of the Company, other than goodwill and trade names, consist of the following:


In thousands	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Patents, non-compete and other intangibles, net of accumulated
amortization of $42,237 and $42,538	$	15,001	$	15,360
amortization of $42,395 and $43,021					$	16,459	$	17,554
Customer relationships, net of accumulated amortization
of $117,676 and $87,334	541,705		528,068
of $142,623 and $126,824					555,149		583,459
Total	$	556,706	$	543,428	$	571,608	$	601,013

The weighted average remaining useful life of patents, customer relationships and other intangibles ~~were~~are 10 years, 1716 years and 1514 years, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets was ~~$8.6~~$9.9 million and ~~$27.0~~$20.3 million for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, and ~~$5.3~~$9.4 million and ~~$16.1~~$18.4 million for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016,~~2017, respectively.

Amortization expense for the five succeeding years is estimated to be as follows:


Remainder of 2017	$	8,873
2018	34,794
Remainder of 2018			$	20,718
2019	33,537		38,709
2020	32,014		36,459
2021	31,827		35,825
2022			35,537

6.7. CONTRACT ASSETS AND CONTRACT LIABILITIES

Contract assets include unbilled amounts resulting from sales under long-term contracts where revenue is recognized over time and revenue exceeds the amount that can be billed to the customer based on the terms of the contract. Contract liabilities include customer deposits that are made prior to the incurrence of costs related to a newly agreed upon contract, advanced customer payments that are in excess of revenue recognized, and provisions for estimated losses from uncompleted contracts.

The change in the carrying amount of contract assets and contract liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is as follows:



In thousands	Contract Assets
Balance at beginning of year	$	366,168
Recognized in current year	242,020
Reclassified to accounts receivable	(223,148		)
Foreign currency impact	(6,956		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	378,084

In thousands	Contract Liabilities
Balance at beginning of year	$	463,704
Recognized in current year	120,500
Amounts in beginning balance reclassified to revenue	(92,137		)
Current year amounts reclassified to revenue	(10,584		)
Foreign currency impact	(10,157		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	471,326

8. LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the following:


In thousands	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
3.45% Senior Notes, due 2026, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $2,410 and $2,526	$	747,590	$	747,474
4.375% Senior Notes, due 2023, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $1,498 and $1,690	248,502		248,310
Revolving Credit Facility, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $2,801 and $3,850	855,321		796,150
3.45% Senior Notes, due 2026, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $2,212 and $2,345					$	747,788	$	747,655
4.375% Senior Notes, due 2023, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $1,305 and $1,433					248,695		248,567
Revolving Credit Facility, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $3,254 and $2,451					865,165		853,124
Schuldschein Loan	11,812		98,671		11,681		11,998
Other Borrowings	9,150		1,153		9,740		6,860
Capital Leases	1,529		1,018		1,852		2,324
Total	1,873,904		1,892,776		1,884,921		1,870,528
Less - current portion	49,748		129,809		27,115		47,225
Long-term portion	$	1,824,156	$	1,762,967	$	1,857,806	$	1,823,303

Wabtec's acquisition of the controlling stake of Faiveley Transport triggered the early repayment of a syndicated loan and the mandatory offer to investors to repay the U.S. and Schuldschein private placements. Both the syndicated loan and U.S. private placements were repaid in full in December 2016.

3.45% Senior Notes Due November 2026

On November 3, 2016, the Company issued $750.0 million of Senior Notes due in 2026 (the "2016 Notes"). The 2016 Notes were issued at 99.965% of face value. Interest on the 2016 Notes accrues at a rate of 3.45% per annum and is payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The proceeds were used to finance the cash portion of the Faiveley Transport acquisition, refinance Faiveley Transport's indebtedness, and for general corporate purposes. The principal balance is due in full at maturity. The Company incurred $2.7 million of deferred financing costs related to the issuance of the 2016 Notes.

The 2016 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank pari passu with all existing and future senior debt and senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Company. The indenture under which the 2016 Notes were issued contains covenants and restrictions which limit among other things, the following: the incurrence of indebtedness, payment of dividends and certain distributions, sale of assets, change in control, mergers and consolidations and the incurrence of liens.

The Company is in compliance with the restrictions and covenants in the indenture under which the 2016 Notes were issued and expects that these restrictions and covenants will not be any type of limiting factor in executing our operating activities.

4.375% Senior Notes Due August 2023

In August 2013, the Company issued $250.0 million of Senior Notes due in 2023 (the “2013 Notes”). The 2013 Notes were issued at 99.879% of face value. Interest on the 2013 Notes accrues at a rate of 4.375% per annum and is payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The proceeds were used to repay debt outstanding under the Company’s existing credit agreement, and for general corporate purposes. The principal balance is due in full at maturity. The Company incurred $2.6 million of deferred financing costs related to the issuance of the 2013 Notes.

The 2013 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank pari passu with all existing and future senior debt and senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Company. The indenture under which the 2013 Notes were issued contains covenants and restrictions which limit among other things, the following: the incurrence of indebtedness,

payment of dividends and certain distributions, sale of assets, change in control, mergers and consolidations and the incurrence of liens.

The Company is in compliance with the restrictions and covenants in the indenture under which the 2013 Notes were issued and expects that these restrictions and covenants will not be any type of limiting factor in executing our operating activities.

2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement

On June 8, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement”), which replaced the Company’s then-existing “2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement.” As part of the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement, the Company entered into (i) a $1.2 billion revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which replaced the Company’s revolving credit facility under the 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement,

~~On June 22,~~ and includes a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $450.0 million and a swing line sub-facility of $75.0 million, (ii) a $350.0 million term loan (the “Refinancing Term Loan”), which refinanced the term loan under the 2016 ~~the Company amended and restated its existing revolving credit facility with a consortium of commercial banks. The “2016~~ Refinancing Credit ~~Agreement” provides the Company with~~Agreement, and (iii) a ~~$1.2 billion, five years revolving credit facility and a~~new $400.0 million delayed draw term loan (the ~~“Term~~“Delayed Draw Term Loan”). The ~~Company incurred approximately $3.3 million of deferred financing costs related to the 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement. The facility expires on June 22, 2021. The 2016~~2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement ~~borrowings bear variable interest rates indexed as described below.~~also provides for a bridge loan facility (the “Bridge Loan Facility”) in an amount not to exceed $2.5 billion, such facility to become effective at the Company’s request. Commitments in respect of the Bridge Loan Facility will be reduced by any alternative financing (including any other loans or any long-term notes) that the Company arranges prior to the Direct Sale, subject to customary exceptions. In addition, the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement contains an uncommitted accordion feature allowing the Company to request, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $600.0 million, increases to the borrowing commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility or a new incremental term loan commitment. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company had available bank borrowing capacity, net of ~~$35.4~~$33.6 million of letters of credit, of approximately ~~$686.7~~$647.9 million subject to certain financial covenant restrictions.

The Revolving Credit Facility matures on June 8, 2023 and is unsecured. The Refinancing Term Loan ~~was initially drawn~~matures on ~~November 25, 2016.~~June 8, 2021 and is unsecured. The ~~Company incurred 10 basis point commitment fee from June 22, 2016 until~~Delayed Draw Term Loan matures on the ~~initial draw.~~

~~Under~~third anniversary of the ~~2016~~date on which it is borrowed and is unsecured. The Bridge Loan Facility, if used, will mature on the date set forth in the definitive documentation for the Bridge Loan Facility and is unsecured. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement ~~the Company may elect a Base Rate of~~includes interest ~~for U.S. Dollar denominated loans or, for certain currencies, an interest~~ rate spreads based on the ~~London Interbank Offered Rate~~lower of the pricing corresponding to (i) the Company’s ratio of total debt (less unrestricted cash up to $300.0 million) to EBITDA (“~~LIBOR”~~Leverage Ratio”) ~~of interest,~~ or ~~other rates appropriate~~(ii) the Company’s public rating, in each case that range between 1.000% and 1.875% for ~~such currencies (in any case, “the~~LIBOR/CDOR-based borrowings and 0.000% and 0.875% for Alternate ~~Rate”). The~~ Base Rate ~~adjusts on a daily basis and is the greater~~based borrowings. The obligations of the ~~Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5% per annum,~~Company under the ~~PNC, N.A. prime rate or~~2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement have been guaranteed by certain of the ~~Daily LIBOR Rate plus 100 basis points, plus a margin~~Company’s subsidiaries.

The 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by the Company and its subsidiaries, including customary use of materiality, material adverse effect, and knowledge qualifiers. The Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to (i) customary affirmative covenants that ~~ranges from 0 to 75 basis points. The Alternate Rate is based~~impose certain reporting obligations on the ~~quoted rates specific~~Company and its subsidiaries and (ii) customary negative covenants, including limitations on: indebtedness; liens; restricted payments; fundamental changes; business activities; transactions with affiliates; restrictive agreements; changes in fiscal year; and use of proceeds. In addition, the Company is required to ~~the applicable currency, plus a margin that ranges from 75~~maintain (i) an Interest Coverage ratio at least 3.00 to ~~175 basis points. Both the Base Rate and Alternate Rate margins are dependent~~1.00 over each period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the ~~Company’s consolidated total indebtedness~~last day of a fiscal quarter and (ii) a Leverage Ratio, calculated as of the last day of a fiscal quarter for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, of 3.25 to ~~EBITDA ratios. The initial Base Rate margin is 0 basis points~~1.00 or less; provided that, in the event the Company completes the Direct Sale and the ~~Alternate Rate margin~~Merger or any other material acquisition in which the cash consideration paid exceeds $500.0 million, the maximum Leverage Ratio permitted will be (x) 3.75 to 1.00 at the end of the fiscal quarter in which such acquisition is ~~175 basis points.~~consummated and each of the three fiscal quarters immediately following such fiscal quarter and (y) 3.50 to 1.00 at the end of each of the fourth and fifth full fiscal quarters after the consummation of such acquisition. The Company is in compliance with the restrictions and covenants of the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement and does not expect that these measurements will limit the Company in executing its operating activities.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the weighted average interest rate on the Company’s variable rate debt was ~~2.89%~~3.03%. On January 12, 2012, the Company entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement with a notional value of $150.0 million. The effective date of the interest rate swap agreement was July 31, 2013, and the termination date was November 7, 2016. The impact of the interest rate swap agreement converted a portion of the Company’s outstanding debt from a variable rate to a fixed-rate borrowing. During the term of the interest rate swap agreement the interest rate on the notional value was fixed at 1.415% plus the Alternate Rate margin. On June 5, 2014, the Company entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement with a notional value of $150.0 million. The effective date of the interest rate swap agreement was November 7, 2016, and the termination date is December 19, 2018. The impact of the interest rate swap agreement converts a portion of the Company’s outstanding debt from a variable rate to a fixed-rate borrowing. During the term of the interest rate swap agreement the interest rate on the notional value will be fixed at 2.56% plus the Alternate Rate margin. As for ~~these agreements,~~this agreement, the Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties. However, since only the cash interest payments are exchanged, exposure is significantly less than the notional amount. The counterparties are large financial institutions with excellent credit ratings and history of performance. The Company currently believes the risk of nonperformance is negligible.

~~The~~ 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement limits the Company’s ability to declare or pay cash dividends and prohibits the Company from declaring or making other distributions, subject to certain exceptions. The 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement contains various other covenants and restrictions including the following limitations: incurrence of additional indebtedness; mergers, consolidations, sales of assets and acquisitions; additional liens; sale and leasebacks; permissible investments, loans and advances; certain debt payments; and imposes a minimum interest expense coverage ratio of 3.0 and a maximum debt to EBITDA ratio of 3.25. The Company is in compliance with the restrictions and covenants of the 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement and does not expect that these measurements will limit the Company in executing its operating activities.

~~2013~~ Refinancing Credit Agreement

On ~~December 19, 2013,~~June 22, 2016, the Company amended and restated its then existing revolving credit facility with a consortium of commercial banks. ~~This “2013~~The “2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement” provided the Company with ~~an $800.0 million, five-year~~a $1.2 billion, five years revolving credit ~~facility.~~facility and a $400.0 million delayed draw term loan (the “Term Loan”). The Company incurred approximately ~~$1.0~~$3.3 million of deferred financing ~~cost~~costs related to the ~~2013~~2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement. The ~~2013~~2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement borrowings bore variable interest rates indexed as described below.

The Term Loan was ~~replaced by~~initially drawn on November 25, 2016. The Company incurred a 10 basis point commitment fee from June 22, 2016 until the ~~2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement.~~initial draw.

Under the ~~2013~~2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement, the Company could ~~have elected~~elect a Base Rate of interest for U.S. Dollar denominated loans or, for certain currencies, an interest rate based on the ~~LIBOR~~London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) of interest, or other rates appropriate for such currencies (in any case, “the Alternate Rate”). The Base Rate adjusted on a daily basis and was the greater of the Federal Funds

Effective Rate plus 0.5% per annum, the PNC, N.A. prime rate or the Daily LIBOR Rate plus 100 basis points, plus a margin that ~~ranged~~ranges from 0 to 75 basis points. The Alternate Rate was based on the quoted rates specific to the applicable currency, plus a margin that ~~ranged~~ranges from 75 to 175 basis points. Both the Base Rate and Alternate Rate margins were dependent on the Company’s consolidated total indebtedness to EBITDA ratios. The initial Base Rate margin was 0 basis points and the Alternate Rate margin was 175 basis points.

Schuldschein Loan, Due 2024

In conjunction with the acquisition of Faiveley Transport, Wabtec acquired $137.2 million of a Schuldschein private placement loan which was originally issued by Faiveley Transport on March 5, 2014 in Germany, in which approximately 20 international investors participated. This loan is denominated in euros. Subsequent to the acquisition of Faiveley Transport, the Company repaid $125.8 million of the outstanding Schuldshein loan. The remaining balance of ~~$11.8~~$11.7 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 has a maturity of seven years~~2018 matures on March 5, 2024 and bears a fixed rate of 4.00%.

The Schuldschein loan is senior unsecured and ranks pari passu with all existing and future senior debt and senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Company. The Schuldshein loan agreement contains covenants and undertakings which limit, among other things, the following: factoring of receivables, the incurrence of indebtedness, sale of assets, change of control, mergers and consolidations and incurrence of liens. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company is in compliance with the undertakings and covenants contained in the loan agreement.

7.9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans that cover certain U.S., Canadian, German and United Kingdom employees and which provide benefits of stated amounts for each year of service of the employee.

The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for the plans.

The following tables provide information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans summarized by U.S. and international components.


	U.S.						International						U.S.						International
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except percentages	2017			2016			2017			2016			2018			2017			2018			2017
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	86		$	84		$	614		$	258		$	87		$	86		$	691		$	614
Interest cost	356			369			1,677			1,257			333			356			1,834			1,677
Expected return on plan assets	(433		)	(519		)	(2,910		)	(2,437		)	(445		)	(433		)	(3,466		)	(2,910		)
Net amortization/deferrals	248			229			685			397			243			248			554			685
Net periodic benefit cost	$	257		$	163		$	66		$	(525	)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)													$	218		$	257		$	(387	)	$	66


	U.S.						International						U.S.						International
	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except percentages	2017			2016			2017			2016			2018			2017			2018			2017
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	258		$	252		$	1,842		$	986		$	174		$	172		$	1,382		$	1,228
Interest cost	1,068			1,107			5,031			4,193			666			712			$	3,668		3,354
Expected return on plan assets	(1,299		)	(1,557		)	(8,730		)	(7,723		)	(890		)	(866		)	$	(6,932	)	(5,820		)
Net amortization/deferrals	744			687			2,055			1,452			486			496			$	1,108		1,370
Curtailment loss recognized	—			—			—			240
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost	$	771		$	489		$	198		$	(852	)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)													$	436		$	514		$	(774	)	$	132


Assumptions
Discount Rate	3.95	%	4.21	%	2.51	%	3.56	%	3.56	%	3.95	%	2.40	%	2.51	%
Expected long-term rate of return	4.95	%	5.70	%	4.93	%	5.81	%	5.15	%	4.95	%	5.10	%	4.93	%
Rate of compensation increase	3.00	%	3.00	%	2.54	%	3.10	%	3.00	%	3.00	%	2.60	%	2.54	%

The Company’s funding methods are based on governmental requirements and differ from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company expects to contribute ~~$7.1 million and $0.5~~$7.3 million to the international ~~and~~plans during 2018. The company does not expect to contribute to the U.S. plans ~~respectively,~~ during ~~2017.~~2018.

Post Retirement Benefit Plans

In addition to providing pension benefits, the Company has provided certain unfunded postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for a portion of North American employees. The Company is not obligated to pay health care and life insurance benefits to individuals who had retired prior to 1990.

The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for all post retirement plans.

The following tables provide information regarding the Company’s postretirement benefit plans summarized by U.S. and international components.


	U.S.						International						U.S.						International
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except percentages	2017			2016			2017			2016			2018			2017			2018			2017
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	1		$	1		$	7		$	7		$	1		$	1		$	8		$	7
Interest cost	88			97			24			25			81			88			26			24
Net amortization/deferrals	(73		)	(105		)	(7		)	(9		)	(76		)	(73		)	(4		)	(7		)
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost	$	16		$	(7	)	$	24		$	23
Net periodic benefit cost													$	6		$	16		$	30		$	24


	U.S.						International						U.S.						International
	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except percentages	2017			2016			2017			2016			2018			2017			2018			2017
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	3		$	3		$	21		$	21		$	2		$	2		$	16		$	14
Interest cost	264			291			72			75			162			176			52			48
Net amortization/deferrals	(219		)	(315		)	(21		)	(27		)	(152		)	(146		)	(8		)	(14		)
Net periodic (credit) benefit cost	$	48		$	(21	)	$	72		$	69
Net periodic benefit cost													$	12		$	32		$	60		$	48


Assumptions
Discount Rate	3.76	%	3.95	%	3.46	%	3.90	%	3.43	%	3.76	%	3.21	%	3.46	%

8.10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company maintains employee stock-based compensation plans for stock options, restricted stock, and incentive stock units as governed by the 2011 Stock Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated (the “2011 Plan”) and the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2000 Plan”). The 2011 Plan has a term through May 10, 2027 and provides a maximum of 3,800,000 shares for grants or awards, plus any shares which remain available under the 2000 Plan. The ~~2011 Plan was approved by stockholders of Wabtec on May 11, 2011, and an~~ amendment and restatement of the 2011 Plan was approved by ~~the Stockholders~~stockholders of Wabtec on May 10, 2017. The Company also maintains a 1995 Non-Employee Directors’ Fee and Stock Option Plan as amended and restated (“the Directors Plan”).

Stock-based compensation expense was ~~$14.5~~$8.3 million and ~~$14.8~~$6.2 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively. Included in stock-based compensation expense for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 is ~~$1.2~~$0.3 million of expense related to stock options, ~~$5.3~~$2.0 million related to restricted stock, $3.2 million related to restricted stock units, ~~$3.7~~$2.4 million related to incentive stock units and ~~$1.1~~$0.4 million related to units issued for Directors' fees.

Stock-based compensation expense was $14.0 million and $11.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Included in stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is $0.7 million of expense related to stock options, $2.7 million related to restricted stock, $4.7 million related to restricted stock units, $5.1 million related to incentive stock units and $0.8 million related to units issued for Directors’ fees. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, unamortized compensation expense related to stock options, non-vested restricted shares ~~units~~ and incentive stock units expected to vest totaled ~~$29.7 million and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.~~$45.0 million.

Stock Options Stock options are granted to eligible employees and directors at the fair market value, which is the average of the high and low Wabtec stock price on the date of grant. Under the 2011 Plan and the 2000 Plan, options become exercisable over a four-year vesting period and expire 10 years from the date of grant.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the 2011 Plan, the 2000 Plan and the Directors Plan for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2018:


	Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic value (in thousands)		Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	1,098,823		$	35.39	4.3	$	52,332
Outstanding at December 31, 2017								983,512		$	40.62	4.0	$	40,137
Granted	65,522		87.09			0		82,580		77.54			1,737
Exercised	(133,927	)	21.84			7,220		(293,034	)	22.94			22,165
Canceled	(4,266	)	72.91			13		(16,137	)	65.32			537
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	1,026,152		40.30		4.1	36,377
Exercisable at September 30, 2017	838,004		32.15		3.4	36,537
Outstanding at June 30, 2018								756,921		47.84		4.9	38,406
Exercisable at June 30, 2018								579,744		42.09		4.1	32,750

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2018		2017
Dividend yield	0.23	%	0.26	%	0.31	%	0.23	%
Risk-free interest rate	2.17	%	1.47	%	2.78	%	2.17	%
Stock price volatility	23.4	%	26.9	%	23.9	%	23.4	%
Expected life (years)	5.0		5.0		5.0		5.0

The dividend yield is based on the Company’s dividend rate and the current market price of the underlying common stock at the date of grant. Expected life in years is determined from historical stock option exercise data. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bond rates for the expected life of the option.

Restricted Stock, Restricted Units and Incentive Stock Beginning in 2006, the Company adopted a restricted stock program. As provided for under the 2011 Plan and 2000 Plan, eligible employees are granted restricted stock that generally vests over four years from the date of grant. Under the Directors Plan, restricted stock units vest one year from the date of grant.

In addition, the Company has issued incentive stock units to eligible employees that vest upon attainment of certain cumulative three-year performance goals. Based on the Company’s performance for each three-year period then ended, the incentive stock units can vest, with underlying shares of common stock being awarded in an amount ranging from 0% to 200% of the amount of initial incentive stock units granted. The incentive stock units included in the table below represent the number of incentive stock units that are expected to vest based on the Company’s estimate for meeting those established performance targets. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company estimates that it will achieve 73%, ~~68%~~90% and ~~80%~~100% of the goals for the incentive stock awards expected to vest based on performance for the three-year periods ending December 31, ~~2017,~~ 2018, 2019, and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, and has recorded incentive compensation expense accordingly. If our estimate of the number of these incentive stock units expected to vest changes in a future accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease and will be recognized in the current period for the elapsed portion of the vesting period and would change future expense for the remaining vesting period.

Compensation expense for the non-vested restricted stock and incentive stock units is based on the average of the high and low Wabtec stock price on the date of grant and recognized over the applicable vesting period.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock activity and related information for the 2011 Plan, the 2000 Plan and the Directors Plan, and incentive stock units activity for the 2011 Plan and the 2000 Plan with related information for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2018:


	Restricted Stock and Units		Incentive Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Restricted Stock and Units		Incentive Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	396,295		424,750		$	72.18
Outstanding at December 31, 2017							399,000		327,333		$	78.76
Granted	153,571		157,025		86.11		223,960		175,100		73.76
Vested	(131,553	)	(153,271	)	70.02		(133,092	)	(93,312	)	81.34
Adjustment for incentive stock awards expected to vest	—		(100,424	)	75.43		—		26,864		75.69
Canceled	(6,590	)	(5,158	)	74.99		(14,509	)	(19,800	)	77.38
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	411,723		322,922
Outstanding at June 30, 2018							475,359		416,185		75.94

9.11. INCOME TAXES

The Company is responsible for filing consolidated U.S., foreign and combined, unitary or separate state income tax returns. The Company is responsible for paying the taxes relating to such returns, including any subsequent adjustments resulting from the redetermination of such tax liabilities by the applicable taxing authorities.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Act. The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to requiring a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries that is payable over eight years (the "Transition Tax"), a reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, repeals the Domestic Manufacturing Deduction, a general elimination of U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, new provisions designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"), tax certain deductible base erosion payments called base erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”), and new interest expense limitation provisions.

In relation to the initial analysis of the impact of the all tax law changes at December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a net tax expense of $4.3 million. This included a provisional expense for the U.S tax reform bill of $55.0 million, as well as a net benefit for the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities of $50.7 million.

The Company has not completed its accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act. Where the Company has been able to make reasonable estimates of the effects for which its analysis is not yet complete, the Company has recorded provisional amounts in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. Where the Company has not yet been able to make reasonable estimates of the impact of certain elements, the Company has not recorded any amounts related to those elements and has continued accounting for them in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect immediately prior to the enactment of the Tax Act.

The Company's accounting for the following impacted areas of the Tax Act is incomplete. However, the Company was able to make reasonable estimates of certain effects and, therefore, has recorded provisional amounts as follows:

Revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities: The Tax Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. In addition, the Tax Act makes certain changes to the depreciation rules and implements new limits on the deductibility of certain executive compensation. The Company evaluated these changes and recorded a provisional benefit to net deferred taxes of $24.6 million at December 31, 2017. The Company is still completing its calculation of the impact of these changes on its deferred tax balances. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has refined the estimate of the impact of the Tax Act on the deductibility of certain executive compensation which resulted in a current period benefit to net deferred taxes of $2.9 million.

Transition Tax on unrepatriated foreign earnings: The Transition Tax on unrepatriated foreign earnings is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits ("E&P") of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, the Company must determine, among other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of its foreign subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. The Company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the Transition Tax and recorded a provisional Transition Tax expense of $51.8 million at December 31, 2017. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has refined the estimate resulting in a current period benefit of $10.1 million. The Company is continuing to gather additional information to finalize the amount of the Transition Tax, to complete its calculation of E&P, and complete its determination of non-U.S. income taxes paid.

Global intangible low taxed income: The Tax Act created a new requirement that certain income (i.e., GILTI) earned by foreign subsidiaries must be included currently in the gross income of the U.S. shareholder. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company is

permitted to make an accounting policy election to either treat taxes due on future inclusions in U.S. taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred or to factor such amounts into the Company's measurement of its deferred taxes. The Company has made the election to treat taxes due on future inclusions related to GILTI as current period expense. The Company was able to make reasonable estimates to calculate a provision that is included in the current period expense. The Company will continue to evaluate and update this provision and the application of ASC 740.

The overall effective income tax rate was ~~15.7%~~11.2% and ~~23.4%~~17.7% for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively and ~~28.5%~~25.4% and ~~29.7%~~26.5% for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September 30, 2016, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September~~June 30, 2017, ~~the decrease~~respectively. The reductions in the current year effective tax rate ~~is primarily~~are due to ~~$9.5 million of favorable deferred tax net benefits recorded in~~ the ~~three months ended September 30, 2017 and the result of a lower earnings mix in higher tax rate jurisdictions. The net favorable deferred~~ tax benefits related to the adjustment of deferred tax liabilities which had originally been established in prior periods in several foreign jurisdictions. These adjustments were not material to the current year-to-date financial statements or prior years annual financial statements.Tax Act as discussed above.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, the liability for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions was ~~$5.7~~$6.9 million, of which ~~$3.2~~$4.4 million, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company includes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of ~~September~~June 30, 2018, the total accrued interest and penalties are $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the total accrued interest and penalties were ~~$0.6~~$0.7 million and ~~$0.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the total accrued interest and penalties were $0.8 million and $0.3~~$0.1 million, respectively.

At this time, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits of approximately ~~$3.6~~$5.2 million may change within the next 12 months due to the expiration of statutory review periods and current examinations. With limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to examination by various U.S. and foreign taxing authorities for years before ~~2013.~~2014.

~~10.~~12. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders is as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except per share data	2018			2017
Numerator
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share - net income attributable
to Wabtec shareholders	$	84,416		$	72,025
Less: dividends declared - common shares and non-vested restricted stock	(11,565		)	(9,605		)
Undistributed earnings	72,851			62,420
Percentage allocated to common shareholders (1)	99.7		%	99.7		%
	72,632			62,233
Add: dividends declared - common shares	11,531			9,576
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share	$	84,163		$	71,809
Denominator
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares	95,992			95,641
Effect of dilutive securities:
Assumed conversion of dilutive stock-based compensation plans	583			643
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share -
adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversion	96,575			96,284
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders per common share
Basic	$	0.88		$	0.75
Diluted	$	0.87		$	0.75



(1) Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding	95,992		95,641
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding and non-vested restricted stock expected to vest	96,276		95,917
Percentage allocated to common shareholders	99.7	%	99.7	%

Three Months Ended
September 30,
In thousands, except per share data 2017 2016
Numerator
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common
   share - net income attributable

to Wabtec shareholders $ 67,399
$ 82,428
Less: dividends declared - common shares
   and non-vested restricted stock
(11,518 ) (8,958 )
Undistributed earnings 55,881
73,470
Percentage allocated to common shareholders (1) 99.7 % 99.7 %
55,713
73,250
Add: dividends declared - common shares 11,485
8,933
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per
   common share
$ 67,198
$ 82,183
Denominator
Denominator for basic earnings per common
   share - weighted average shares
95,709
89,589
Effect of dilutive securities:
Assumed conversion of dilutive stock-based
   compensation plans
607
704
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share -
adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversion 96,316
90,293
Net income attributable to Wabtec
      shareholders per common share

Basic $ 0.70
$ 0.92
Diluted $ 0.70
$ 0.91

(1) Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding 95,709
89,589
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding and
non-vested restricted stock expected to vest
95,983
89,838
Percentage allocated to common shareholders 99.7 % 99.7 %


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands, except per share data	2017			2016			2018			2017
Numerator
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share - net income attributable
to Wabtec shareholders	$	213,313		$	267,076		$	172,782		$	145,914
Less: dividends declared - common shares and non-vested restricted stock	(30,693		)	(23,523		)	(23,096		)	(19,177		)
Undistributed earnings	182,620			243,553			149,686			126,737
Percentage allocated to common shareholders (1)	99.4		%	99.7		%	99.7		%	99.7		%
	181,524			242,822			149,237			126,357
Add: dividends declared - common shares	30,508			23,452			23,027			19,120
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share	$	212,032		$	266,274		$	172,264		$	145,477
Denominator
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares	95,163			90,546			95,867			95,370
Effect of dilutive securities:
Assumed conversion of dilutive stock-based compensation plans	645			770			604			701
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share -
adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversion	95,808			91,316			96,471			96,071
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders per common share
Basic	$	2.23		$	2.94		$	1.80		$	1.52
Diluted	$	2.22		$	2.92		$	1.79		$	1.52


(1) Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding	95,163		90,546		95,867		95,370
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding and non-vested restricted stock expected to vest	95,740		90,819		96,153		95,666
Percentage allocated to common shareholders	99.4	%	99.7	%	99.7	%	99.7	%

The Company’s non-vested restricted stock contains rights to receive nonforfeitable dividends, and thus are participating securities requiring the two-class method of computing earnings per share. The calculation of earnings per share for common stock shown above excludes the income attributable to the non-vested restricted stock from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those shares from the denominator.

~~11.~~13. WARRANTIES

The following table reconciles the changes in the Company’s product warranty reserve as follows:


In thousands	2017			2016			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of year	$	138,992		$	92,064		$	153,063		$	138,992
Warranty expense	33,108			22,788			27,475			15,961
Acquisitions	3,412			7,571			1,089			397
Warranty claim payments	(33,492		)	(27,693		)	(26,405		)	(16,479		)
Foreign currency impact/other	6,744			(620		)	(1,380		)	5,887
Balance at September 30	$	148,764		$	94,110
Balance at June 30							$	153,842		$	144,758

~~12.~~

14. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING

Foreign Currency Hedging The Company uses forward contracts to mitigate its foreign currency exchange rate exposure due to forecasted sales of finished goods and future settlement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. Derivatives used to hedge forecasted transactions and specific cash flows associated with foreign currency denominated financial assets and liabilities that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of gain and losses is deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and is recognized in earnings at the time the hedged item affects earnings, in the same line item as the underlying hedged item. The contracts are scheduled to mature within two years. For the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016,~~2017, the amounts reclassified into income were not material.

Other Activities The Company enters into certain derivative contracts in accordance with its risk management strategy that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting but which have the impact of largely mitigating foreign currency exposure. These foreign exchange contracts are accounted for on a full mark to market basis through earnings, with gains and losses recorded as a component of other expense, net. The net unrealized gain related to these contracts was ~~$0.2~~$1.2 million for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. These contracts are scheduled to mature within one year.

The following table summarizes the gross notional amounts and fair values of the designated and non-designated hedges discussed in the above sections as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018.


In millions	Designated		Non-Designated		Total		Designated			Non-Designated		Total
Gross notional amount	$	728.7	$	406.4	$	1,135.1	$	794.9		$	458.0	$	1,252.9

Fair Value:
Other current assets	4.4		0.2		4.6		$	—		$	0.6	$	0.6
Other current liabilities	—		—		—		(6.1		)	—		(6.1		)
Total	$	4.4	$	0.2	$	4.6	$	(6.1	)	$	0.6	$	(5.5	)

The following table summarizes the gross notional amounts and fair values of the designated and non-designated hedges discussed in the above sections as of December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.


In millions	Designated			Non-Designated			Total			Designated		Non-Designated		Total
Gross notional amount	$	911.0		$	490.0		$	1,401.0		$	805.1	$	379.7	$	1,184.8

Fair Value:
Other current assets	1.1			0.4			1.5			$	3.5	$	2.1	$	5.6
Other current liabilities	(0.5		)	(0.2		)	(0.7		)	—		—		—
Total	$	0.6		$	0.2		$	0.8		$	3.5	$	2.1	$	5.6

Interest Rate Hedging The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate exposures. The Company is exposed to interest rate volatility with regard to existing floating rate debt. Primary exposure includes the London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR). Derivatives used to hedge risk associated with changes in the fair value of certain variable-rate debt are primarily designated as fair value hedges. Consequently, changes in the fair value of these derivatives, along with changes in the fair value of debt obligations are recognized in current period earnings. Refer to footnote 1315 for further information on interest rate swaps.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company has recorded a current liability of ~~$2.0~~$0.3 million and an accumulated other comprehensive loss of ~~$1.2~~$0.2 million, net of tax, related to these agreements.

~~13.~~15. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and explains the related disclosure requirements. ASC 820 indicates, among other things, that a fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the

absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

Valuation Hierarchy ASC 820 establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table provides the liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, which are included in other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance sheet:


			Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2017 Using								Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2018 Using
In thousands	Total Carrying Value at September 30, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Carrying Value at June 30, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Interest rate swap agreements	$	1,952	$	—	$	1,952	$	—	$	253	$	—	$	253	$	—
Total	$	1,952	$	—	$	1,952	$	—	$	253	$	—	$	253	$	—

The following table provides the liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, which is included in other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance sheet:


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using								Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
In thousands	Total Carrying Value at December 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Carrying Value at December 31, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Interest rate swap agreements	$	3,888	$	—	$	3,888	$	—	$	1,163	$	—	$	1,163	$	—
Total	$	3,888	$	—	$	3,888	$	—	$	1,163	$	—	$	1,163	$	—

To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on a portion of its variable-rate debt, the Company entered into interest rate swaps which effectively converted a portion of the debt from variable to fixed-rate borrowings during the term of the swap contracts. For certain derivative contracts whose fair values are based upon trades in liquid markets, such as interest rate swaps, valuation model inputs can generally be verified and valuation techniques do not involve significant management judgment. The fair values of such financial instruments are generally classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

As a result of our global operating activities the Company is exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which may adversely affect our operating results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, the Company minimizes these risks through entering into foreign currency forward contracts. The foreign currency forward contracts are valued using broker quotations, or market transactions in either the listed or over-the counter markets. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and are considered Level 1 on the fair value valuation hierarchy. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximated the carrying value at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016.~~2017. The Company’s defined benefit pension plan assets consist primarily of equity security funds, debt security funds and temporary cash and cash equivalent investments. Generally, all plan assets are considered Level 2 based on the fair value valuation hierarchy. These investments are comprised of a number of investment funds that invest in a diverse portfolio of assets including equity securities, corporate and governmental bonds, and money markets. Trusts are valued at the net asset value (“NAV”) as determined by their custodian. NAV represent the accumulation of the unadjusted quoted close prices on the reporting date for the underlying investments divided by the total shares outstanding at the reporting dates. The 2013 and 2016 Notes are considered Level 2 based on the fair value valuation hierarchy.

The estimated fair values and related carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:


	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016				June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
In thousands	Carry Value		Fair Value		Carry Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Interest rate swap agreement	$	1,952	$	1,952	$	3,888	$	3,888	$	253	$	253	$	1,163	$	1,163
4.375% Senior Notes	248,502		264,000		248,310		260,265		248,695		254,303		248,567		262,033
3.45% Senior Notes	747,590		739,050		747,474		719,273		747,788		690,368		747,655		741,113

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements and the 2013 and 2016 Notes were based on dealer quotes and represent the estimated amount the Company would pay to the counterparty to terminate the agreement.

~~14.~~

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Claims have been filed against the Company and certain of its affiliates in various jurisdictions across the United States by persons alleging bodily injury as a result of exposure to asbestos-containing products. Further information and detail on these claims is described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, in Note 19 therein, filed on February ~~28, 2017.~~26, 2018. During the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017,~~2018, there were no material changes to the information described in the Form 10-K.

From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation related to claims arising out of the Company's operations in the ordinary course of business, including claims based on product liability, contracts, intellectual property, or other causes of action. Further information and detail on any potentially material litigation is as described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, in Note 19 therein, filed on February ~~28, 2017.~~26, 2018. Except as described below, there have been no material changes to the information described in the Form ~~10-K, including with respect~~10-K.

On April 21, 2016, Siemens Industry, Inc. filed a lawsuit against the Company in federal district court in Delaware alleging that the Company has infringed seven patents owned by Siemens, all of which relate to Positive Train Control technology. On November 2, 2016, Siemens amended its complaint to add six additional patents they also claim are infringed by the ~~litigation with~~Company’s Positive Train Control Products. The Company has filed Answers, and asserted counterclaims, in response to Siemens’ complaints. The US Patent & Trademark Office has granted Inter-Parties Review proceedings on ten (10) of the patents asserted by Siemens ~~described therein.~~to assess their validity; the hearings began in April 2018 and continue through November 2018. On, July 19, 2018, Siemens moved to amend its pleadings to add claims alleging violations of federal antitrust and state trade practices laws. Additionally, Wabtec’s counterclaim alleging that Siemens has violated three (3) of Wabtec’s patents has been severed from the initial case and is now a separate case pending in federal district court in Delaware. Wabtec has filed a motion to obtain a preliminary injunction against Siemens in that case and a hearing is scheduled for August 1, 2018.

Xorail, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Xorail”), has received notices from Denver Transit Constructors (“Denver Transit”) alleging breach of contract related to the operating of constant warning wireless crossings, and late delivery of the Train Management & Dispatch System (“TMDS”) for the Denver Eagle P3 Project, which is owned by the Denver Regional Transit District ("RTD"). No damages have been asserted for the alleged late delivery of the TMDS, and no formal claim has been filed; Xorail is in the final stages of successfully implementing a recovery plan concerning the TMDS issues. With regard to the wireless ~~crossings,~~crossing issue, as of September 8, 2017, Denver Transit alleged that total damages were $36.8 million through July 31, 2017, and are continuing to accumulate. The ~~crossings have not been certified for use without flaggers, which Denver Transit alleges is due to Xorail's failure to achieve constant warning times satisfactory to~~majority of the damages stems from a delay in approval of the wireless crossing system by the Federal Railway Administration ("FRA") and the Public Utility Commission ("PUC")~~. No claims have been filed by~~, resulting in the use of flaggers at all of the crossings pending approval of the wireless crossing system and certification of the crossings. Denver Transit has alleged that the delay is due to Xorail's failure to achieve constant warning times for the crossings in accordance with ~~regard to either issue.~~the approval requirements imposed by the FRA and PUC; Xorail has denied Denver ~~Transit’s assertions regarding the wireless crossings, and~~Transit's assertions. Denver Transit has also notified RTD that Denver Transit considers the ~~new certification~~constant warning approval requirements imposed by FRA and/or PUC asto be a change in law, for which neither Denver Transit nor its subcontractors ~~are~~(including Xorail) would be liable. Xorail has worked with Denver Transit to modify its system to meet the ~~FRA’s~~FRA's and PUC's previously undefined ~~and evolving, certification~~approval requirements. On September 28, 2017, the FRA granted a 5 year approval of the modified wireless crossing system as currently ~~implemented; however,~~implemented. On March 28, 2018, the PUC ~~has not~~ granted its approval of the modified wireless crossing system ~~and therefore~~as currently implemented, consistent with the approval previously granted by the FRA. Denver Transit's process of certifying the crossings ~~are still not certified for~~and eliminating the use ~~without flaggers.~~of flaggers is proceeding and is expected to be completed during the third quarter of 2018. No formal claim has been filed against Xorail by Denver Transit. It is Xorail's understanding that Denver Transit and RTD ~~are continuing~~have entered into a non-binding arbitration proceeding concerning, among other things, the flagger costs, and that proceeding is expected to be concluded by the end of 2018.

On April 3, 2018 the United States Department of Justice entered into a proposed consent decree resolving allegations that the Company and Knorr-Bremse AG had maintained unlawful agreements not to compete for each other’s employees. The allegations also related to Faiveley Transport S.A. before it was acquired by the Company in November 2016. The proposed consent decree is pending review and approval by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. No monetary fines or penalties have been imposed on the Company. The Company elected to settle this matter with the Department of Justice to avoid the cost and distraction of litigation. As of July 16, 2018, putative class action lawsuits have been filed in several different federal district courts naming the Company and Knorr as defendants in connection with the allegations contained in the proposed consent decree. The lawsuits seek ~~approval from PUC.~~unspecified damages on behalf of employees of the Company (including Faiveley Transport) and Knorr allegedly caused by the defendants’ actions. The litigation is in its very early stages and is currently pending before a federal Multi-District Litigation panel to determine which federal district court will have jurisdiction over the matter. The Company does not believe that it has ~~any liability with respect~~diminished competition for talent in the marketplace and intends to ~~the wireless crossing issue.~~contest these claims vigorously.

~~15.~~17. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Wabtec has two reportable segments—the Freight Segment and the Transit Segment. The key factors used to identify these reportable segments are the organization and alignment of the Company’s internal operations, the nature of the products and services, and customer type. The business segments are:

Freight Segment primarily manufactures and services components for new and existing freight cars and locomotives, builds new switcher locomotives, rebuilds freight locomotives, supplies railway electronics, positive train control equipment, signal design and engineering services, and provides related heat exchange and cooling systems. Customers include large, publicly traded railroads, leasing companies, manufacturers of original equipment such as locomotives and freight cars, and utilities.

Transit Segment primarily manufactures and services components for new and existing passenger transit vehicles, typically regional trains, high speed trains, subway cars, light-rail vehicles and buses, builds new commuter locomotives, refurbishes subway cars, provides heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment, and doors for buses and subways. Customers include public transit authorities and municipalities, leasing companies, and manufacturers of subway cars and buses around the world.

The Company evaluates its business segments’ operating results based on income from operations. Intersegment sales are accounted for at prices that are generally established by reference to similar transactions with unaffiliated customers. Corporate activities include general corporate expenses, elimination of intersegment transactions, interest income and expense and other unallocated charges. Since certain administrative and other operating expenses have not been allocated to business segments, the results in the following tables are not necessarily a measure computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and may not be comparable to other companies.

Segment financial information for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 is as follows:


In thousands	Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total			Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total
Sales to external customers	$	340,185	$	617,746	$	—		$	957,931		$	412,258	$	699,422	$	—		$	1,111,680
Intersegment sales/(elimination)	8,376		4,494		(12,870		)	—			18,699		2,984		(21,683		)	—
Total sales	$	348,561	$	622,240	$	(12,870	)	$	957,931		$	430,957	$	702,406	$	(21,683	)	$	1,111,680
Income (loss) from operations	$	61,596	$	47,531	$	(7,116	)	$	102,011		$	84,347	$	57,975	$	(18,799	)	$	123,523
Interest expense and other, net	—		—		(20,826		)	(20,826		)	—		—		(29,749		)	(29,749		)
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes	$	61,596	$	47,531	$	(27,942	)	$	81,185		$	84,347	$	57,975	$	(48,548	)	$	93,774

Segment financial information for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016~~2017 is as follows:


In thousands	Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total			Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total
Sales to external customers	$	361,998	$	313,576	$	—		$	675,574		$	344,828	$	587,425	$	—		$	932,253
Intersegment sales/(elimination)	10,341		1,823		(12,164		)	—			10,139		6,073		(16,212		)	—
Total sales	$	372,339	$	315,399	$	(12,164	)	$	675,574		$	354,967	$	593,498	$	(16,212	)	$	932,253
Income (loss) from operations	$	77,999	$	51,164	$	(9,067	)	$	120,096		$	63,165	$	59,050	$	(8,858	)	$	113,357
Interest expense and other, net	—		—		(4,869		)	(4,869		)	—		—		(16,628		)	(16,628		)
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes	$	77,999	$	51,164	$	(13,936	)	$	115,227		$	63,165	$	59,050	$	(25,486	)	$	96,729

Segment financial information for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 is as follows:


In thousands	Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total			Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total
Sales to external customers	$	1,032,959	$	1,773,259	$	—		$	2,806,218		$	791,812	$	1,376,045	$	—		$	2,167,857
Intersegment sales/(elimination)	27,602		16,253		(43,855		)	—			30,701		6,873		(37,574		)	—
Total sales	$	1,060,561	$	1,789,512	$	(43,855	)	$	2,806,218		$	822,513	$	1,382,918	$	(37,574	)	$	2,167,857
Income (loss) from operations	$	196,328	$	155,901	$	(21,659	)	$	330,570		$	153,969	$	126,059	$	(25,226	)	$	254,802
Interest expense and other, net	—		—		(53,191		)	(53,191		)	—		—		(47,447		)	(47,447		)
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes	$	196,328	$	155,901	$	(74,850	)	$	277,379		$	153,969	$	126,059	$	(72,673	)	$	207,355

Segment financial information for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016~~2017 is as follows:


In thousands	Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total			Freight Segment		Transit Segment		Corporate Activities and Elimination			Total
Sales to external customers	$	1,201,734	$	969,472	$	—		$	2,171,206		$	692,774	$	1,155,513	$	—		$	1,848,287
Intersegment sales/(elimination)	29,765		7,606		(37,371		)	—			19,226		11,759		(30,985		)	—
Total sales	$	1,231,499	$	977,078	$	(37,371	)	$	2,171,206		$	712,000	$	1,167,272	$	(30,985	)	$	1,848,287
Income (loss) from operations	$	276,990	$	148,321	$	(29,750	)	$	395,561		$	134,387	$	108,025	$	(14,543	)	$	227,869
Interest expense and other, net	—		—		(15,784		)	(15,784		)	—		—		(31,675		)	(31,675		)
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes	$	276,990	$	148,321	$	(45,534	)	$	379,777		$	134,387	$	108,025	$	(46,218	)	$	196,194

Sales by product line are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2017		2016		2018		2017
Specialty Products & Electronics	$	335,143	$	334,349	$	434,399	$	324,798
Transit Products	276,913		44,996		282,130		253,764
Brake Products	177,165		134,900		217,574		192,557
Remanufacturing, Overhaul & Build	132,018		129,264		127,202		126,556
Other	36,692		32,065		50,375		34,578
Total sales	$	957,931	$	675,574	$	1,111,680	$	932,253


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2017		2016		2018		2017
Specialty Products & Electronics	$	975,006	$	1,051,806	$	820,947	$	639,863
Transit Products	789,096		143,434		556,409		512,182
Brake Products	550,181		428,785		433,192		373,016
Remanufacturing, Overhaul & Build	387,634		444,278		262,900		255,616
Other	104,301		102,903		94,409		67,610
Total sales	$	2,806,218	$	2,171,206	$	2,167,857	$	1,848,287

~~16.~~18. GUARANTOR SUBSIDIARIES FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The obligations of the Company under the ~~Company's 2016 Notes, 2013 Notes, and Revolving~~2018 Refinancing Credit ~~Facility and Term Loan are fully and unconditionally~~Agreement have been guaranteed by ~~all U.S. subsidiaries as guarantors.~~certain of the Company’s subsidiaries. Each guarantor is 100% owned by the ~~parent company.~~Company. In accordance with positions established by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the following shows separate financial information with respect to the parent, the guarantor subsidiaries and the non-guarantor subsidiaries. The principal elimination entries eliminate investment in subsidiaries and certain intercompany balances and transactions.

Balance Sheet for ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2018:


In thousands	Parent		Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated		Parent		Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,049	$	6,082		$	218,949		$	—		$	228,080	$	741	$	573		$	244,260		$	—		$	245,574
Receivables, net	75,123		232,060			837,156			—			1,144,339		95,354		72,507			1,045,373			—			1,213,234
Inventories	132,044		140,745			491,992			—			764,781		141,125		59,043			663,625			—			863,793
Current assets - other	39,216		4,283			96,426			—			139,925		1,207		651			122,428			—			124,286
Total current assets	249,432		383,170			1,644,523			—			2,277,125		238,427		132,774			2,075,686			—			2,446,887
Property, plant and equipment, net	51,196		134,397			364,774			—			550,367		47,713		25,186			482,935			—			555,834
Goodwill	25,276		549,198			1,810,284			—			2,384,758		25,275		283,241			2,120,075			—			2,428,591
Investment in subsidiaries	6,304,037		2,508,725			—			(8,812,762		)	—		6,639,920		2,662,153			—			(9,302,073		)	—
Other intangibles, net	30,905		251,485			857,997			—			1,140,387		29,915		79,792			1,064,693			—			1,174,400
Other long term assets	29,724		6,273			61,016			—			97,013
Other long-term assets														21,800		(23,892		)	73,986			—			71,894
Total assets	$	6,690,570	$	3,833,248		$	4,738,594		$	(8,812,762	)	$	6,449,650	$	7,003,050	$	3,159,254		$	5,817,375		$	(9,302,073	)	$	6,677,606
Current liabilities	$	162,470	199,511			$	1,103,459		—			$	1,465,440	$	186,353	$	98,432		$	1,321,683		$	—		$	1,606,468
Inter-company	2,031,256		(1,942,433		)	(88,823		)	—			—		2,272,527		(1,378,182		)	(894,345		)	—			—
Long-term debt	1,740,541		25			83,590			—			1,824,156		1,632,729		3			225,074			—			1,857,806
Long-term liabilities - other	38,601		87,935			297,149			—			423,685		54,161		20,832			263,711			—			338,704
Total liabilities	3,972,868		(1,654,962		)	1,395,375			—			3,713,281		4,145,770		(1,258,915		)	916,123			—			3,802,978
Shareholders' equity	2,717,702		5,489,597			3,323,165			(8,812,762		)	2,717,702		2,857,280		4,418,169			4,883,904			(9,302,073		)	2,857,280
Non-controlling interest	—		(1,387		)	20,054			—			18,667		—		—			17,348			—			17,348
Total shareholders' equity	$	2,717,702	$	5,488,210		$	3,343,219		$	(8,812,762	)	$	2,736,369	$	2,857,280	$	4,418,169		$	4,901,252		$	(9,302,073	)	$	2,874,628
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	6,690,570	$	3,833,248		$	4,738,594		$	(8,812,762	)	$	6,449,650	$	7,003,050	$	3,159,254		$	5,817,375		$	(9,302,073	)	$	6,677,606

Balance Sheet for December 31, ~~2016:~~2017:


In thousands	Parent		Guarantors			Non-Guarantors		Elimination			Consolidated		Parent		Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,522	$	9,496		$	386,466	$	—		$	398,484	$	933	$	625		$	231,843		$	—		$	233,401
Receivables, net	79,041		202,779			660,688		—			942,508		77,046		59,166			1,030,575			—			1,166,787
Inventories	120,042		128,076			410,392		—			658,510		120,937		46,626			575,071			—			742,634
Current assets - other	52,576		(17,844		)	833,397		—			868,129		1,142		563			120,586			—			122,291
Total current assets	254,181		322,507			2,290,943		—			2,867,631		200,058		106,980			1,958,075			—			2,265,113
Property, plant and equipment, net	49,031		126,661			342,684		—			518,376		52,532		26,492			494,948			—			573,972
Goodwill	25,275		477,472			1,576,018		—			2,078,765		25,274		283,241			2,151,588			—			2,460,103
Investment in subsidiaries	5,388,613		1,325,150			—		(6,713,763		)	—		6,517,205		2,450,722			—			(8,967,927		)	—
Other intangibles, net	31,897		204,512			817,451		—			1,053,860		30,575		81,037			1,092,820			—			1,204,432
Other long term assets	9,592		(1,914		)	54,708		—			62,386
Other long-term assets													17,414		(23,892		)	82,838			—			76,360
Total assets	$	5,758,589	$	2,454,388		$	5,081,804	$	(6,713,763	)	$	6,581,018	$	6,843,058	$	2,924,580		$	5,780,269		$	(8,967,927	)	$	6,579,980
Current liabilities	$	194,983	196,956			$	1,054,700	—			$	1,446,639	$	196,827	$	77,283		$	1,299,220		$	—		$	1,573,330
Inter-company	1,562,399		(1,848,777		)	286,378		—			—		2,121,546		(1,307,410		)	(814,136		)	—			—
Long-term debt	1,761,933		58			976		—			1,762,967		1,661,771		14			161,518			—			1,823,303
Long-term liabilities - other	33,298		74,977			286,312		—			394,587		54,046		20,594			280,175			—			354,815
Total liabilities	3,552,613		(1,576,786		)	1,628,366		—			3,604,193		4,034,190		(1,209,519		)	926,777			—			3,751,448
Shareholders' equity	2,205,976		4,032,250			2,681,514		(6,713,763		)	2,205,977		2,808,868		4,134,099			4,833,828			(8,967,927		)	2,808,868
Non-controlling interest	—		(1,076		)	771,924		—			770,848		—		—			19,664			—			19,664
Total shareholders' equity	$	2,205,976	$	4,031,174		$	3,453,438	$	(6,713,763	)	$	2,976,825	$	2,808,868	$	4,134,099		$	4,853,492		$	(8,967,927	)	$	2,828,532
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	5,758,589	$	2,454,388		$	5,081,804	$	(6,713,763	)	$	6,581,018	$	6,843,058	$	2,924,580		$	5,780,269		$	(8,967,927	)	$	6,579,980

Income Statement for the Three Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018:


In thousands	Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated			Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Net Sales	$	134,906		$	270,116		$	587,289		$	(34,380	)	$	957,931		$	168,426		$	137,966		$	873,375		$	(68,087	)	$	1,111,680
Cost of sales	(111,775		)	(176,291		)	(444,704		)	28,042			(704,728		)	(122,919		)	(88,688		)	(614,861		)	38,755			(787,713		)
Gross profit (loss)	23,131			93,825			142,585			(6,338		)	253,203
Gross profit																45,507			49,278			258,514			(29,332		)	323,967
Total operating expenses	(22,714		)	(29,991		)	(98,487		)	—			(151,192		)	(49,780		)	(12,267		)	(138,397		)	—			(200,444		)
Income (loss) from operations	417			63,834			44,098			(6,338		)	102,011
(Loss) income from operations																(4,273		)	37,011			120,117			(29,332		)	123,523
Interest (expense) income, net	(19,222		)	1,143			186			—			(17,893		)	(31,734		)	3,137			(3,323		)	—			(31,920		)
Other income (expense), net	274			(356		)	(2,851		)	—			(2,933		)	483			—			1,688			—			2,171
Equity earnings (loss)	80,874			19,806			—			(100,680		)	—			128,744			118,771			—			(247,515		)	—
Pretax income (loss)	62,343			84,427			41,433			(107,018		)	81,185			93,220			158,919			118,482			(276,847		)	93,774
Income tax expense	5,056			(5		)	(17,797		)	—			(12,746		)	(7,213		)	—			(3,290		)	—			(10,503		)
Net income (loss)	67,399			84,422			23,636			(107,018		)	68,439
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—			155			(1,195		)	—			(1,040		)
Net income																86,007			158,919			115,192			(276,847		)	83,271
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest																—			—			1,145			—			1,145
Net income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	67,399		$	84,577		$	22,441		$	(107,018	)	$	67,399		$	86,007		$	158,919		$	116,337		$	(276,847	)	$	84,416

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	66,813		$	84,577		$	115,647		$	(107,018	)	$	160,019		$	86,231		$	158,919		$	(74,104	)	$	(276,847	)	$	(105,801	)

Income Statement for the Three Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016:~~2017:


In thousands	Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated			Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Net Sales	$	155,731		$	259,174		$	295,336		$	(34,667	)	$	675,574		$	137,708		$	93,372		$	728,849		$	(27,676	)	$	932,253
Cost of sales	(109,414		)	(186,546		)	(211,392		)	44,259			(463,093		)	(100,331		)	(59,637		)	(518,604		)	20,282			(658,290		)
Gross profit (loss)	46,317			72,628			83,944			9,592			212,481
Gross profit																37,377			33,735			210,245			(7,394		)	273,963
Total operating expenses	(21,979		)	(29,019		)	(41,387		)	—			(92,385		)	(33,126		)	(12,741		)	(114,739		)	—			(160,606		)
(Loss) income from operations	24,338			43,609			42,557			9,592			120,096
Income (loss) from operations																4,251			20,994			95,506			(7,394		)	113,357
Interest (expense) income, net	(7,854		)	1,728			69			—			(6,057		)	(19,805		)	2,690			(449		)	—			(17,564		)
Other income (expense), net	6,600			(86		)	(5,326		)	—			1,188			(8,984		)	—			9,920			—			936
Equity earnings (loss)	86,731			27,099			—			(113,830		)	—			96,963			75,715			—			(172,678		)	—
Pretax income (loss)	109,815			72,350			37,300			(104,238		)	115,227			72,425			99,399			104,977			(180,072		)	96,729
Income tax expense	(27,387		)	1,567			(6,979		)	—			(32,799		)	(401		)	—			(24,168		)	—			(24,569		)
Net income (loss)	82,428			73,917			30,321			(104,238		)	82,428			72,024			99,399			80,809			(180,072		)	72,160
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(135		)	—			(135		)
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	82,428		$	73,917		$	30,321		$	(104,238	)	$	82,428
Net income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders																$	72,024		$	99,399		$	80,674		$	(180,072	)	$	72,025

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	82,987		$	73,916		$	34,054		$	(104,238	)	$	86,719		$	72,921		$	99,399		$	226,877		$	(180,072	)	$	219,125

Income Statement for the ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2018:


In thousands	Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated			Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Net Sales	$	417,156		$	778,893		$	1,708,646		$	(98,477	)	$	2,806,218		$	329,727		$	256,083		$	1,700,594		$	(118,547	)	$	2,167,857
Cost of sales	(311,037		)	(503,686		)	(1,270,668		)	76,046			(2,009,345		)	(241,577		)	(161,678		)	(1,200,588		)	70,834			(1,533,009		)
Gross profit (loss)	106,119			275,207			437,978			(22,431		)	796,873			88,150			94,405			500,006			(47,713		)	634,848
Total operating expenses	(79,960		)	(89,935		)	(296,408		)	—			(466,303		)	(85,407		)	(25,941		)	(268,698		)	—			(380,046		)
Income (loss) from operations	26,159			185,272			141,570			(22,431		)	330,570			2,743			68,464			231,308			(47,713		)	254,802
Interest (expense) income, net	(52,565		)	5,554			(4,014		)	—			(51,025		)	(52,128		)	6,079			(6,155		)	—			(52,204		)
Other income (expense), net	3,127			(2,233		)	(3,060		)	—			(2,166		)	9,212			(679		)	(3,776		)	—			4,757
Equity earnings (loss)	246,103			69,954			—			(316,057		)	—			235,442			210,877			—			(446,319		)	—
Pretax income (loss)	222,824			258,547			134,496			(338,488		)	277,379			195,269			284,741			221,377			(494,032		)	207,355
Income tax expense	(9,511		)	(22		)	(55,243		)	—			(64,776		)	(20,895		)	—			(15,732		)	—			(36,627		)
Net income (loss)	213,313			258,525			79,253			(338,488		)	212,603			174,374			284,741			205,645			(494,032		)	170,728
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—			311			399			—			710			—			—			2,054			—			2,054
Net income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	213,313		$	258,836		$	79,652		$	(338,488	)	$	213,313		$	174,374		$	284,741		$	207,699		$	(494,032	)	$	172,782

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	214,482		$	258,838		$	366,156		$	(338,488	)	$	500,988		$	174,881		$	284,741		$	95,983		$	(494,032	)	$	61,573

Income Statement for the ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016:~~2017:


In thousands	Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated			Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Net Sales	$	494,350		$	865,850		$	924,559		$	(113,553	)	$	2,171,206		$	282,251		$	198,431		$	1,424,975		$	(57,370	)	$	1,848,287
Cost of sales	(356,575		)	(561,361		)	(641,550		)	93,330			(1,466,156		)	(199,263		)	(123,901		)	(1,025,282		)	43,829			(1,304,617		)
Gross profit (loss)	137,775			304,489			283,009			(20,223		)	705,050			82,988			74,530			399,693			(13,541		)	543,670
Total operating expenses	(88,916		)	(91,967		)	(128,606		)	—			(309,489		)	(57,592		)	(25,069		)	(233,140		)	—			(315,801		)
(Loss) income from operations	48,859			212,522			154,403			(20,223		)	395,561
Income (loss) from operations																25,396			49,461			166,553			(13,541		)	227,869
Interest (expense) income, net	(21,608		)	5,049			662			—			(15,897		)	(35,488		)	5,230			(7,164		)	—			(37,422		)
Other income (expense), net	17,640			(3,956		)	(13,571		)	—			113			5,343			(229		)	633			—			5,747
Equity earnings (loss)	308,681			111,917			—			(420,598		)	—			165,229			117,246			—			(282,475		)	—
Pretax income (loss)	353,572			325,532			141,494			(440,821		)	379,777			160,480			171,708			160,022			(296,016		)	196,194
Income tax expense	(86,495		)	(380		)	(25,826		)	—			(112,701		)	(14,567		)	—			(37,463		)	—			(52,030		)
Net income (loss)	267,077			325,152			115,668			(440,821		)	267,076			145,913			171,708			122,559			(296,016		)	144,164
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			1,750			—			1,750
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	267,077		$	325,152		$	115,668		$	(440,821	)	$	267,076
Net income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders																$	145,913		$	171,708		$	124,309		$	(296,016	)	$	145,914

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	266,355		$	325,152		$	107,054		$	(440,821	)	$	257,740		$	147,668		$	171,708		$	317,607		$	(296,016	)	$	340,967

Condensed Statement of Cash Flows for the ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2018:


In thousands	Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated			Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities	$	(38,954	)	$	115,816		$	(27,921	)	$	(22,430	)	$	26,511		$	(116,378	)	$	72,206		$	159,789		$	(47,713	)	$	67,904
Net cash used for investing activities	(12,591		)	(110,741		)	(26,492		)	—			(149,824		)	(9,669		)	(249		)	(59,182		)	—			(69,100		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	52,072			(8,489		)	(136,062		)	22,430			(70,049		)	125,855			(72,009		)	(78,795		)	47,713			22,764
Effect of changes in currency exchange rates	—			—			22,958			—			22,958			—			—			(9,395		)	—			(9,395		)
Increase (decrease) in cash	527			(3,414		)	(167,517		)	—			(170,404		)
Cash, beginning of period	2,522			9,496			386,466			—			398,484
Cash, end of period	$	3,049		$	6,082		$	218,949		$	—		$	228,080
(Decrease) Increase in cash																(192		)	(52		)	12,417			—			12,173
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period																933			625			231,843			—			233,401
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period																$	741		$	573		$	244,260		$	—		$	245,574

Condensed Statement of Cash Flows for the ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016:~~2017:

In thousands Parent Guarantors Non-Guarantors Elimination Consolidated
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities $ (53,967 ) $ 220,963
$ 100,120
$ (20,223 ) $ 246,893
Net cash used for investing activities (5,067 ) (26,693 ) (84,131 ) —
(115,891 )
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities 70,272
(193,669 ) (9,162 ) 20,223
(112,336 )
Effect of changes in currency exchange rates —
—
5,525
—
5,525
Increase (decrease) in cash
11,238
601
12,352
—
24,191
Cash, beginning of period —
13,157
213,034
—
226,191
Cash, end of period $ 11,238
$ 13,758
$ 225,386
$ —
$ 250,382



In thousands	Parent			Guarantors			Non-Guarantors			Elimination			Consolidated
Net cash (used for) operating activities	$	(50,070	)	$	65,857		$	(15,949	)	$	(13,541	)	$	(13,703	)
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities	(8,670		)	(1,705		)	(874,254		)	—			(884,629		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	58,408			(62,148		)	31,789			13,541			41,590
Effect of changes in currency exchange rates	—			—			42,032			—			42,032
(Decrease) Increase in cash	(332		)	2,004			(816,382		)	—			(814,710		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	2,522			1,226			1,139,484			—			1,143,232
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	2,190		$	3,230		$	323,102		$	—		$	328,522

~~17.~~

19. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

The components of other income (expense) are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2017			2016		2017			2016			2018			2017			2018			2017
Foreign currency (loss) gain	$	(4,113	)	$	880	$	(5,202	)	$	(488	)	$	(2,277	)	$	(2,303	)	$	(3,309	)	$	(1,089	)
Equity income	520			—		1,587			—			1,594			792			2,223			1,067
Other miscellaneous expense	660			308		1,449			601
Expected return on pension assets/amortization												3,027			2,488			6,050			4,980
Other miscellaneous (income) expense												(173		)	(41		)	(207		)	789
Total other income (expense), net	$	(2,933	)	$	1,188	$	(2,166	)	$	113		$	2,171		$	936		$	4,757		$	5,747


Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein and Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation’s Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February ~~28, 2017.~~26, 2018.

OVERVIEW

Wabtec is one of the world’s largest providers of value-added, technology-based ~~products~~equipment, systems and services for the global ~~rail industry. Our products are found on virtually all U.S. locomotives, freight cars and~~ passenger transit ~~vehicles, as well as in more than 100 countries throughout the world.~~and freight rail industries. Our highly engineered products enhance safety, improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for customers, can be found on most locomotives, freight cars, passenger transit cars and buses around the world, and many of our core products and services are essential in the safe and efficient operation of freight rail and passenger transit vehicles. Wabtec is a global company with operations in 31 ~~countries. For~~countries and our products can be found in more than 100 countries throughout the ~~nine~~world. In the six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, approximately ~~65%~~66% of the Company’s revenues came from customers outside the ~~U.S.~~United States.

Management Review and Future Outlook

Wabtec’s long-term financial goals are to generate cash flow from operations in excess of net income, maintain a strong credit profile while minimizing our overall cost of capital, increase margins through strict attention to cost controls and implementation of the Wabtec Excellence Program, and increase revenues through a focused growth strategy, including product innovation and new technologies, global and market expansion, aftermarket products and services, and acquisitions. In addition, ~~management~~Management evaluates the Company’s current operational performance through measures such as quality and on-time delivery.

The Company primarily serves the worldwide freight and transit rail industries. As such, our operating results are largely dependent on the level of activity, financial condition and capital spending plans of railroads and passenger transit agencies around the world, and transportation equipment manufacturers who serve those markets. Many factors influence these industries, including general economic conditions; traffic volumes, as measured by freight carloadings and passenger ridership; government spending on public transportation; and investment in new technologies. In general, trends such as increasing urbanization, a focus on sustainability and environmental awareness, an aging equipment fleet, and growth in global trade are expected to drive continued investment in freight and transit rail.

The Company monitors a variety of factors and statistics to gauge market activity. Freight rail markets around the world are driven primarily by overall economic conditions and activity, while Transit markets are driven primarily by government funding and passenger ridership. Changes in these market drivers can cause fluctuations in demand for Wabtec's products and services.

According to the 2016 edition of a market study by UNIFE, the Association of the European Rail Industry, the accessible global market for railway products and services iswas more than $100 billion, and ~~it is~~was expected to grow at about 3.2% annually through 2021. The three largest geographic markets, which ~~represent~~represented about 80% of the total accessible market, ~~are~~were Europe, North America and Asia Pacific. ~~Over the next five years,~~ UNIFE ~~projects~~projected above-average growth in Asia Pacific and Europe due to overall economic growth and trends such as urbanization and increasing mobility, deregulation, investments in new technologies, energy and environmental issues, and increasing government support. The largest product segments of the market ~~are~~were rolling stock, services and infrastructure, which ~~represent~~represented almost 90% of the accessible market. ~~Over the next five years,~~ UNIFE ~~projects~~projected spending on rolling stock to grow at an above-average rate due to increased investment in passenger transit vehicles. UNIFE ~~estimates~~estimated that the global installed base of locomotives iswas about 114,000 units, with about 32% in Asia Pacific, about 25% in North America and about 18% in Russia-CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). Wabtec estimates that about ~~3,400~~2,600 new locomotives were delivered worldwide in ~~2016,~~2017, and it expects deliveries of about ~~3,200~~2,700 in ~~2017.~~2018. UNIFE ~~estimates~~estimated the global installed base of freight cars iswas about 5.5 million units, with about 37% in North America, about 26% in Russia-CIS and about 20% in Asia Pacific. Wabtec estimates that about ~~108,000~~155,000 new freight cars were delivered worldwide in ~~2016,~~2017, and it expects deliveries of about ~~97,000~~148,000 in ~~2017.~~2018. UNIFE ~~estimates~~estimated the global installed base of passenger transit vehicles to be about 569,000 units, with about 43% in Asia Pacific, about 32% in Europe and about 14% in Russia-CIS. ~~UNIFE~~Wabtec estimates that about ~~208,000~~34,000 new passenger transit vehicles were ordered ~~annually from 2013-2015,~~worldwide in 2017, and ~~that~~it expects orders of about ~~184,000 will be ordered annually from 2016-2018.~~44,000 in 2018.

In Europe, the majority of the rail system serves the passenger transit market, which is expected to continue growing as energy and environmental factors encourage continued investment in public mass transit. According to UNIFE, France, Germany and the United

Kingdom ~~are~~were the largest Western European transit markets, representing almost two-thirds of industry spending in the European Union. UNIFE ~~projects~~projected the Western European rail market to grow at about 3.6% annually, ~~during the next five years,~~

led by investments in new rolling stock in France and Germany. Significant investments ~~are~~were also expected in Turkey, the largest market in Eastern Europe. About 75% of freight traffic in Europe is hauled by truck, while rail accounts for about 20%. The largest freight markets in Europe are Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom. In recent years, the European Commission has adopted a series of measures designed to increase the efficiency of the European rail network by standardizing operating rules and certification requirements. UNIFE believes that adoption of these measures should have a positive effect on ridership and investment in public transportation over time.

In North America, railroads carry about 40% of intercity freight, as measured by ton-miles, which is more than any other mode of transportation. Through direct ownership and operating partnerships, U.S. railroads are part of an integrated network that includes railroads in Canada and Mexico, forming what is regarded as the world’s most-efficient and lowest-cost freight rail service. There are more than 500 railroads operating in North America, with the largest railroads, referred to as “Class I,” accounting for more than 90% of the industry’s revenues. The railroads carry a wide variety of commodities and goods, including coal, metals, minerals, chemicals, grain, and petroleum. These commodities represent about ~~55%~~50% of total rail carloadings, with intermodal carloads accounting for the rest. Railroads operate in a competitive environment, especially with the trucking industry, and are always seeking ways to improve safety, cost and reliability. New technologies offered by Wabtec and others in the industry can provide some of these benefits. Demand for our freight related products and services in North America is driven by a number of factors, including rail traffic, and production of new locomotives and new freight cars. In the U.S., the passenger transit industry is dependent largely on funding from federal, state and local governments, and from fare box revenues. Demand for North American passenger transit products is driven by a number of factors, including government funding, deliveries of new subway cars and buses, and ridership. The U.S. federal government provides money to local transit authorities, primarily to fund the purchase of new equipment and infrastructure for their transit systems.

Growth in the Asia Pacific market has been driven mainly by the continued urbanization of China and India, and by investments in freight rail rolling stock and infrastructure in Australia to serve its mining and natural resources markets. ~~During the next five years, UNIFE expects~~ India ~~to make~~is making significant investments in rolling stock and infrastructure to modernize its rail system; for example, the country has awarded a 1,000-unit locomotive order to a U.S. manufacturer. UNIFE ~~expects~~expected the increased spending in India to offset decreased spending on very-high-speed rolling stock in ~~China during the next five years.~~China.

Other key geographic markets include Russia-CIS and Africa-Middle East. With about 1.4 million freight cars and about 20,000 locomotives, Russia-CIS is among the largest freight rail markets in the world, and it’s expected to invest in both freight and transit rolling stock. PRASA, the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa, is expected to continue to invest in new transit cars and new locomotives. According to UNIFE, emerging markets ~~are~~were expected to grow at above-average rates as global trade ~~creates increases in~~led to increased freight volumes and urbanization ~~leads~~led to increased demand for efficient mass-transportation systems. As this growth occurs, Wabtec expects to have additional opportunities to provide products and services in these markets.

In its study, UNIFE also said it ~~expects~~expected increased investment in digital tools for data and asset management, and in rail control technologies, both of which would improve efficiency in the global rail ~~industry during the next five years.~~industry. UNIFE said data-driven asset management tools have the potential to reduce equipment maintenance costs and improve asset utilization, while rail control technologies have been focused on increasing track capacity, improving operational efficiency and ensuring safer railway traffic. Wabtec offers products and services to help customers make ongoing investments in these initiatives.

In ~~2017~~2018 and beyond, general global economic and market conditions ~~in the United States and internationally~~ will have an impact on our sales and operations. To the extent that these factors cause instability of capital markets, shortages of raw materials or component parts, longer sales cycles, deferral or delay of customer orders or an inability to market our products effectively, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, we face risks associated with our four-point growth strategy including the level of investment that customers are willing to make in new technologies developed by the industry and the Company, and risks inherent in global expansion. When necessary, we will modify our financial and operating strategies to reflect changes in market conditions and risks.

PROPOSED MERGER WITH GE TRANSPORTATION

In connection with the separation of GE Transportation from the remaining business of GE, GE will conduct an internal reorganization in which the assets and liabilities of GE Transportation will be segregated from the assets and liabilities of GE’s remaining business to prepare for the Transactions. Following this internal reorganization, certain assets of GE Transportation will be sold to Direct Sale Purchaser for a cash payment of $2.9 billion (the "Direct Sale"), and Direct Sale Purchaser will assume certain liabilities of GE Transportation in connection with this purchase. Thereafter, GE will transfer the remaining business and operations of GE Transportation (the “SpinCo Business”) to SpinCo and its subsidiaries (to the extent not already held by SpinCo and its subsidiaries) (the “SpinCo Transfer”), and SpinCo will issue to GE additional shares of SpinCo common stock. Following this issuance of additional SpinCo common stock to GE, GE will hold all of the outstanding SpinCo common stock.

expected to close by early 2019, subject to customary closing conditions, including certain approvals by the Company’s shareholders and regulatory approvals.

ACQUISITION OF FAIVELEY TRANSPORT S.A.

On November 30, 2016, the Company acquired majority ownership of Faiveley Transport under the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement. Faiveley Transport is a leading global provider of value-added, integrated systems and services for the railway industry with annual sales of about $1.2 billion and more than 5,700 employees in 24 countries. Faiveley Transport supplies railway manufacturers, operators and maintenance providers with a range of value-added, technology-based systems and services in Energy & Comfort (air conditioning, power collectors and converters, and passenger information), Access &

Mobility (passenger access systems and platform doors), and Brakes and Safety (braking systems and couplers). The transaction was structured as a step acquisition as follows:

On November 30, 2016, the Company acquired majority ownership of Faiveley Transport, after completing the purchase of the Faiveley family’s ownership interest under the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement, which directed the Company to pay €100 per share of Faiveley Transport, payable between 25% and 45% in cash at the election of those shareholders and the remainder payable in Wabtec stock. The Faiveley family’s ownership interest acquired by the Company represented approximately 51% of outstanding share capital and approximately 49% of the outstanding voting shares of Faiveley Transport. Upon completion of the share purchase under the Share Purchase Agreement, Wabtec commenced a tender offer for the remaining publicly traded Faiveley Transport shares. The public shareholders had the option to elect to receive €100 per share in cash or 1.1538 shares of Wabtec common stock per share of Faiveley Transport. The common stock portion of the consideration was subject to a cap on issuance of Wabtec common shares that was equivalent to the rates of cash and stock elected by the 51% owners.

As of November 30, 2016, the date the Company acquired 51% of the share capital and 49% of the voting interest in

Faiveley Transport, Faiveley Transport was consolidated under the variable interest entity model as the Company concluded

that it was the primary beneficiary of Faiveley Transport as it then possessed the power to direct the activities of Faiveley

Transport that most significantly impact its economic performance and it then possessed the obligation and right to absorb

losses and benefits from Faiveley Transport.

The ~~aggregate value of consideration~~purchase price paid for 100% ownership of Faiveley Transport was ~~$1,736.1 million, including $944.3 million in cash, $560.2 million in stock or approximately 6.6 million shares, $409.9 million in debt assumed, less $178.3 million in cash acquired.~~$1,507 million. The $744.7 million included as deposits in escrow on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 was cash designated for use as consideration for the tender offers.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table shows our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In millions	2017			2016			2017			2016			2018			2017			2018			2017
Net sales	$	957,931		$	675,574		$	2,806,218		$	2,171,206		$	1,111,680		$	932,253		$	2,167,857		$	1,848,287
Cost of sales	(704,728		)	(463,093		)	(2,009,345		)	(1,466,156		)	(787,713		)	(658,290		)	(1,533,009		)	(1,304,617		)
Gross profit	253,203			212,481			796,873			705,050			323,967			273,963			634,848			543,670
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(117,838		)	(70,757		)	(367,753		)	(241,118		)	(171,157		)	(127,918		)	(318,358		)	(250,605		)
Engineering expenses	(24,709		)	(16,289		)	(71,511		)	(52,271		)	(19,388		)	(23,338		)	(41,437		)	(46,802		)
Amortization expense	(8,645		)	(5,339		)	(27,039		)	(16,100		)	(9,899		)	(9,350		)	(20,251		)	(18,394		)
Total operating expenses	(151,192		)	(92,385		)	(466,303		)	(309,489		)	(200,444		)	(160,606		)	(380,046		)	(315,801		)
Income from operations	102,011			120,096			330,570			395,561			123,523			113,357			254,802			227,869
Interest expense, net	(17,893		)	(6,057		)	(51,025		)	(15,897		)	(31,920		)	(17,564		)	(52,204		)	(37,422		)
Other (expense) income, net	(2,933		)	1,188			(2,166		)	113
Other income (expense), net													2,171			936			4,757			5,747
Income from operations before income taxes	81,185			115,227			277,379			379,777			93,774			96,729			207,355			196,194
Income tax expense	(12,746		)	(32,799		)	(64,776		)	(112,701		)	(10,503		)	(24,569		)	(36,627		)	(52,030		)
Net income	68,439			82,428			$	212,603		$	267,076		83,271			72,160			170,728			144,164
Less: Net (gain) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(1,040		)	—			710			—
Less: Net loss (gain) attributable to noncontrolling interest													1,145			(135		)	2,054			1,750
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	67,399		$	82,428		$	213,313		$	267,076		$	84,416		$	72,025		$	172,782		$	145,914

~~THIRD~~SECOND QUARTER ~~2017~~2018 COMPARED TO ~~THIRD~~SECOND QUARTER ~~2016~~2017

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2017		2016		Percent Change		2018		2017		Percent Change
Freight Segment Sales	$	340,185	$	361,998	(6.0	)%	$	412,258	$	344,828	19.6	%
Transit Segment Sales	617,746		313,576		97.0	%	699,422		587,425		19.1	%
Net sales	957,931		675,574		41.8	%	1,111,680		932,253		19.2	%
Income from operations	102,011		120,096		(15.1	)%	123,523		113,357		9.0	%
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	67,399		82,428		(18.2	)%	84,416		72,025		17.2	%

The following table shows the major components of the change in sales in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017~~2018 from the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2016:~~2017:


In thousands	Freight Segment			Transit Segment			Total			Freight Segment			Transit Segment		Total
Third Quarter 2016 Net Sales	$	361,998		$	313,576		$	675,574
Second Quarter 2017 Net Sales										$	344,828		$	587,425	$	932,253
Acquisitions	40,633			289,941			330,574			11,116			28,127		39,243
Change in Sales by Product Line:
Specialty Products & Electronics	(40,429		)	5,819			(34,610		)	38,952			27,310		66,262
Brake Products	(12,579		)	(1,353		)	(13,932		)	9,034			14,789		23,823
Transit Products										—			7,240		7,240
Remanufacturing, Overhaul & Build	(12,666		)	3,351			(9,315		)	(7,831		)	1,280		(6,551		)
Transit Products	—			2,400			2,400
Other	996			(615		)	381			13,909			454		14,363
Foreign exchange	2,232			4,627			6,859			2,250			32,797		35,047
Third Quarter 2017 Net Sales	$	340,185		$	617,746		$	957,931
Second Quarter 2018 Net Sales										$	412,258		$	699,422	$	1,111,680

Net sales for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 increased by ~~$282.4~~$179.4 million, or ~~41.8%~~19.2%, to ~~$957.9~~$1,111.7 million. The increase is primarily due to an organic increase of $66.3 million for Specialty Products and Electronics from higher demand for freight and transit original equipment rail products and train control and signaling products and services, a $23.8 million increase for Brake Products due to higher demand for both freight and transit original equipment brakes, and a $14.4 million organic increase for Other Products due to increased spare parts demand resulting from an increase in freight rail traffic. Additionally, sales from acquisitions increased sales by $39.2 million and favorable foreign exchange increased sales by $35.0 million.

Freight Segment sales increased by $67.4 million, or 19.6%, mostly from an organic increase of ~~$330.6~~$39.0 million ~~with the majority related to the Faiveley Transport acquisition. This increase was partially offset by a $34.6 million decrease~~ for Specialty Products and Electronics due to ~~lower~~higher demand for freight original equipment rail products and atrain control and signaling products and services. Additionally, Other Products sales increased $13.9 million ~~decrease for Brake Products primarily due to lower~~from increased spare parts demand ~~for original equipment brakes for freight customers. Favorable foreign exchange~~resulting from an increase in rail traffic, and sales from acquisitions increased sales $11.1 million. These gains were partially offset by ~~$6.9 million.~~

~~Freight Segment sales decreased by $21.8 million, or 6.0%, primarily due to~~ a decrease of ~~$40.4 million for Specialty Products and Electronics sales from lower demand for freight original equipment rail products, a decrease of $12.7~~$7.8 million for Remanufacturing, Overhaul & Build sales primarily due to the ~~absence~~timing of ~~a large~~project completion on locomotive rebuild ~~contract that completed in 2016,~~contracts. Favorable foreign exchange rates increased sales by $2.3 million.

Transit Segment sales increased by $112.0 million, or 19.1%, primarily due to favorable foreign exchange rates of $32.8 million, $28.1 million from sales related to acquisitions, and ~~a decrease of $12.6~~$27.3 million for Specialty Products and Electronics from increased demand for transit original equipment rail products and train control and signaling products and services. Additionally, Brake ~~Products~~Product sales ~~from lower~~increased $14.8 million due to increased demand for original equipment brakes for ~~freight~~transit customers. ~~Acquisitions increased sales by $40.6 million and favorable foreign exchange increased sales by $2.2 million.~~

Transit Segment sales increased by $304.2 million, or 97.0%, primarily due to sales from acquisitions of $289.9 million with the majority related to the Faiveley Transport acquisition. Favorable foreign exchange increased sales by $4.6 million.

Cost of Sales The following table shows the major components of cost of sales for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017												Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
In thousands	Freight		Percentage of Sales		Transit		Percentage of Sales		Total		Percentage of Sales		Freight		Percentage of Sales		Transit		Percentage of Sales		Total		Percentage of Sales
Material	$	129,912	38.2	%	$	283,376	45.9	%	$	413,288	43.1	%	$	146,657	35.6	%	$	286,405	40.9	%	$	433,062	39.0	%
Labor	48,473		14.2	%	81,828		13.2	%	130,301		13.6	%	61,001		14.8	%	127,893		18.3	%	188,894		17.0	%
Overhead	54,712		16.1	%	90,508		14.7	%	145,220		15.2	%	64,328		15.6	%	81,347		11.6	%	145,675		13.1	%
Other/Warranty	2,630		0.8	%	13,288		2.2	%	15,918		1.7	%	3,298		0.8	%	16,784		2.4	%	20,082		1.8	%
Total cost of sales	$	235,727	69.3	%	$	469,000	76.0	%	$	704,727	73.6	%	$	275,284	66.8	%	$	512,429	73.2	%	$	787,713	70.9	%


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2016												Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
In thousands	Freight		Percentage of Sales		Transit		Percentage of Sales		Total		Percentage of Sales		Freight		Percentage of Sales		Transit		Percentage of Sales		Total		Percentage of Sales
Material	$	135,798	37.5	%	$	136,311	43.5	%	$	272,109	40.3	%	$	127,373	36.9	%	$	247,737	42.2	%	$	375,110	40.2	%
Labor	44,583		12.3	%	38,317		12.2	%	82,900		12.3	%	53,220		15.4	%	83,435		14.2	%	136,655		14.7	%
Overhead	57,990		16.0	%	43,516		13.9	%	101,506		15.0	%	52,504		15.2	%	79,037		13.5	%	131,541		14.1	%
Other/Warranty	2,125		0.6	%	4,453		1.4	%	6,578		1.0	%	2,515		0.7	%	12,469		2.1	%	14,984		1.6	%
Total cost of sales	$	240,496	66.4	%	$	222,597	71.0	%	$	463,093	68.6	%	$	235,612	68.2	%	$	422,678	72.0	%	$	658,290	70.6	%

Cost of sales increased by ~~$241.6~~$129.4 million to ~~$704.7~~$787.7 million in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017~~2018 compared to ~~$463.1~~$658.3 million in the same period of ~~2016.~~2017. In the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017,~~2018, cost of sales as a percentage of sales was ~~73.6%~~70.9% compared to ~~68.6%~~70.6% in the same period of ~~2016.~~2017. The increase is primarily related to higher labor costs on transit overhaul contracts in the UK, partially offset by favorable product mix in freight.

Freight Segment cost of sales decreased 1.4% as a percentage of sales to 66.8% in 2018 compared to 68.2% for the same period in 2017. The decrease is primarily related to increased sales for train control and signaling products and services which resulted in a more favorable product sales mix.

Transit Segment cost of sales increased 1.2% as a percentage of sales to approximately 73.2% in the second quarter of 2018 from 72.0% for the same period of 2017. The increase is primarily related to lower margin overhaul contracts in the UK which have a higher labor content.

expense between quarters. Warranty expense was $15.8 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $10.2 million in the second quarter of 2017. The increase in warranty expense is primarily related to the increase in sales.

Operating expenses The following table shows our operating expenses for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2018		Percentage of Sales		2017		Percentage of Sales
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	171,157	15.4	%	$	127,918	13.7	%
Engineering expenses	19,388		1.7	%	23,338		2.5	%
Amortization expense	9,899		0.9	%	9,350		1.0	%
Total operating expenses	$	200,444	18.0	%	$	160,606	17.2	%

Total operating expenses as a percentage of sales increased 0.8% to 18.0% in 2018 compared to 17.2% for the same period in 2017. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $43.2 million, or 33.8%, primarily due to $9.2 million of costs related to the proposed GE Transportation transaction, $2.8 million of restructuring costs, $4.0 million of costs related to a goods and service tax law change in India, $5.0 million in incremental expense from acquisitions, changes in foreign currency rates of $4.7 million, $5.3 million in additional employee benefit costs, and the remaining from organic sales increases. In the same period of 2017, selling, general, and administrative expenses included $7.9 million of Faiveley Transport transaction and restructuring costs. Engineering expense decreased by $4.0 million, or 16.9%, due to timing of research and development expenses. Amortization expense increased $0.5 million due to amortization of intangibles associated with new acquisitions.

The following table shows our segment operating expense for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2018		2017		Percent Change
Freight Segment	$	52,627	$	46,053	14.3	%
Transit Segment	129,018		105,695		22.1	%
Corporate	18,799		8,858		112.2	%
Total operating expenses	200,444		160,606		24.8	%

Freight Segment operating expenses increased $6.6 million, or 14.3%, in 2018 but decreased 60 basis points to 12.8% of sales. The increase is primarily attributable to increased sales volumes while the improvement against sales is due to improved margin performance from a favorable sales mix.

Transit Segment operating expenses increased $23.3 million, or 22.1%, in 2018 and increased 40 basis points to 18.4% of sales. The increase in expense is primarily attributable to increased sales volumes, changes in foreign currency rates of $4.6 million, $4.0 million of costs related to a goods and service tax law change in India, $3.2 million of incremental operating expenses from acquisitions, and $2.8 million of restructuring charges. In the same period of 2017, the transit segment costs included $5.6 million of Faiveley Transport transaction and restructuring charges.

Corporate non-allocated operating expenses increased $9.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to costs related to the proposed GE Transportation transaction.

Interest expense, net Interest expense, net, increased $14.4 million in 2018 because of financing costs associated with the proposed GE Transportation transaction. In addition, net interest expense in the prior year included a $2.2 million benefit related to the prepayment of debt assumed in the Faiveley Transport acquisition.

Other income (expense), net Other income/(expense), net, totaled $2.2 million of income in 2018 compared to $0.9 million of income in 2017 primarily due to investment returns on pension assets recognized, offset by foreign currency losses in the current year.

Income taxes The effective income tax rate was 11.2% and 25.4% for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Act. The

U.S. tax reform bill lowered the Federal statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning January 1, 2018. The decrease in the effective rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 is mostly the result of a $13.0 million benefit recorded in the second quarter of 2018 in order to revise estimates of the impact of the Tax Act on the Transition Tax on unrepatriated earnings and the deductibility of certain executive compensation.

FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 2018 COMPARED TO FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 2017

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2018		2017			Percent Change
Freight Segment Sales	$	791,812	$	692,774		14.3	%
Transit Segment Sales	1,376,045		1,155,513			19.1	%
Net sales	2,167,857		1,848,287			17.3	%
Income from operations	254,802		227,869			11.8	%
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	$	172,610	$	145,914	184,648	18.3	%

The following table shows the major components of the change in sales for the six months ended June 30, 2018 from the six months ended June 30, 2017:



In thousands	Freight Segment			Transit Segment		Total
First Six Months of 2016 Net Sales	$	692,774		$	1,155,513	$	1,848,287
Acquisitions	33,742			40,458		74,200
Change in Sales by Product Line:
Specialty Products & Electronics	44,287			51,739		96,026
Brake Products	8,370			28,185		36,555
Transit Products	—			1,525		1,525
Remanufacturing, Overhaul & Build	(16,665		)	3,280		(13,385		)
Other	20,711			94		20,805
Foreign exchange	8,593			95,251		103,844
First Six Months of 2017 Net Sales	$	791,812		$	1,376,045	$	2,167,857

Net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by $319.6 million, or 17.3%, to $2,167.9 million from $1,848.3 million. The increase is primarily due to an organic increase of $96.0 million for Specialty Products and Electronics because of higher demand for freight and transit original equipment rail products and train control and signaling products and services, a $36.6 million increase for Brake Products due to higher demand for both freight and transit original equipment brakes, and a $20.8 million organic increase for Other Products mostly from increased spare parts demand resulting from an increase in freight rail traffic. Additionally, sales from acquisitions increased sales $74.2 million and favorable foreign exchange rates increased sales by $103.8 million.

Freight Segment sales increased by $99.0 million, or 14.3%, primarily due to an increase of $44.3 million for Specialty Products and Electronics sales from higher demand for freight original equipment rail products and train control and signaling products and services, and a $20.7 million organic increase for Other Products mostly from increased spare parts demand resulting from an increase in freight rail traffic. Acquisitions increased sales $33.7 million and favorable foreign exchange rates increased sales by $8.6 million.

Transit Segment sales increased by $220.5 million, or 19.1%, primarily due to favorable foreign exchange rates of $95.3 million. Additionally, this total increase was aided by organic growth of $51.7 million for Specialty Products and Electronics because of higher demand for train control and signaling products and services and a $28.2 million organic increase in Brake Products due to higher demand for original equipment transit brakes. Acquisitions increased sales by $40.5 million.

Cost of Sales The following table shows the major components of cost of sales for the periods indicated:



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
In thousands	Freight		Percentage of Sales		Transit		Percentage of Sales		Total		Percentage of Sales
Material	$	290,675	36.7	%	$	567,782	41.3	%	$	858,457	39.6	%
Labor	113,893		14.4	%	235,977		17.1	%	349,870		16.1	%
Overhead	122,036		15.4	%	166,595		12.1	%	288,631		13.3	%
Other/Warranty	5,659		0.7	%	30,392		2.2	%	36,051		1.7	%
Total cost of sales	$	532,263	67.2	%	$	1,000,746	72.7	%	$	1,533,009	70.7	%



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
In thousands	Freight		Percentage of Sales		Transit		Percentage of Sales		Total		Percentage of Sales
Material	$	265,771	38.4	%	$	494,846	42.8	%	$	760,617	41.2	%
Labor	92,205		13.3	%	159,572		13.8	%	251,777		13.6	%
Overhead	109,791		15.8	%	160,371		13.9	%	270,162		14.6	%
Other/Warranty	1,607		0.2	%	20,454		1.8	%	22,061		1.2	%
Total cost of sales	$	469,374	67.7	%	$	835,243	72.3	%	$	1,304,617	70.6	%

Cost of Sales increased by $228.4 million to $1,533.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $1,304.6 million in the same period of 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, cost of sales as a percentage of sales was 70.7% compared to 70.6% in the same period of 2017. The increase as a percentage of sales is due to higher labor costs on transit overhaul contracts in the UK, partially offset by favorable product sales mix largely attributable to higher transit segment sales due to acquisitions, along with an unfavorable product mix within the freight segment and higher project adjustments of $20.4 million on certain existing contracts.in freight.

Freight Segment cost of sales ~~increased 2.9%~~decreased 0.5% as a percentage of sales to ~~69.3% in 2017~~67.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to ~~66.4%~~67.7% for the same period in ~~2016.~~2017. The ~~increase~~decrease is primarily related to ~~lower demand~~increased sales for ~~freight original equipment rail~~train control and signaling products and ~~higher project contract adjustments of $5.5 million on certain existing contracts primarily related to labor and warranty costs.~~services which resulted in a more favorable product sales mix.

Transit Segment cost of sales increased ~~5.0%~~0.4% as a percentage of sales to ~~approximately 76.0% in~~72.7% for the ~~third quarter of 2017~~six months ended June 30, 2018 from ~~71.0%~~72.3% for the same period of ~~2016.~~2017. The increase is primarily ~~related~~due to ~~product mix largely attributable to~~higher labor costs on overhaul contracts in the ~~acquisition of Faiveley Transport,~~UK which ~~has lower overall margins and~~have a higher ~~project adjustments of $14.9 million on certain existing contracts primarily related to material costs.~~labor content.

Included in cost of sales is warranty expense. The provision for warranty expense is generally established for specific losses, along with historical estimates of customer claims as a percentage of sales, which can cause variability in warranty expense between quarters. Warranty expense was ~~$17.1~~$27.5 million in the ~~third quarter of 2017~~six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to ~~$6.8~~$16.0 million in the ~~third quarter of 2016. The increase in warranty expense is primarily related to the increase in sales and the higher project costs on certain existing contacts discussed above.~~

~~Operating expenses~~ ~~The following table shows our operating expenses for the periods indicated:~~

Three Months Ended September 30,
In thousands 2017 Percentage of
Sales 2016 Percentage of
Sales
Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 117,838
12.3 % $ 70,757
10.5 %
Engineering expenses 24,709
2.6 % 16,289
2.4 %
Amortization expense 8,645
0.9 % 5,339
0.8 %
Total operating expenses $ 151,192
15.8 % $ 92,385
13.7 %

Total operating expenses were 15.8% and 13.7% of sales for the third quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $47.1 million, or 66.5%, primarily due to $56.7 million in incremental expense from acquisitions and $4.7 million in Faiveley Transport transaction and integration related charges partially offset by lower costs due to cost saving initiatives and lower organic sales volumes. Engineering expense increased by $8.4 million, or 51.7%, due to $5.1 million of incremental costs associated with acquisitions but remained relatively constant as a percentage of sales at 2.6%. Amortization expense increased $3.3 million due to amortization of intangibles associated with acquisitions.

~~The following table shows our segment operating expense for the periods indicated:~~

Three Months Ended September 30,
In thousands 2017 2016 Percent
Change
Freight Segment $ 42,862
$ 40,270
6.4 %
Transit Segment 101,214
43,048
135.1 %
Corporate 7,116
9,067
(21.5 )%
Total operating expenses 151,192
92,385
63.7 %

Freight Segment operating expenses increased $2.6 million, or 6.4%, in 2017 and increased 150 basis points to 12.6% of sales. The increase is primarily attributable to $5.0 million of incremental operating expenses from acquisitions and $0.6 million of integration and restructuring costs, partially offset by cost saving initiatives across the freight business and lower selling expenses related to reduced volume.

Transit Segment operating expenses increased $58.2 million, or 135.1%, in 2017 and increased 270 basis points to 16.4% of sales. The increase is primarily attributable to acquisitions with $51.7 million of incremental operating expenses and $3.4 million of Faiveley Transport integration costs.

Corporate non-allocated operating expenses decreased $2.0 million in 2017 primarily due to lower Faiveley Transport transaction costs in the current quarter as well as lower costs associated with cost saving initiatives.

~~Interest expense, net~~ Interest expense, net, increased $11.8 million in 2017 attributable to higher overall debt balances in 2017 than 2016, primarily related to the Faiveley Transport acquisition and higher interest rates.

~~Other income (expense), net~~ ~~Other income/(expense), net, totaled $2.9 million of expense in 2017 compared to $1.2 million of income in 2016 primarily due to foreign currency losses.~~

~~Income taxes~~ The effective income tax rate was 15.7% and 28.5% for the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in the effective rate is primarily due to $9.5 million of favorable deferred tax net benefits recorded in the threesix months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2017 and the result of a lower earnings mix in higher tax rate jurisdictions. The net favorable deferred tax benefits related to the adjustment of deferred tax liabilities which had originally been established in prior periods in several foreign jurisdictions.

~~FIRST NINE MONTHS OF 2017 COMPARED TO FIRST NINE MONTHS OF 2016~~

~~The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated:~~

Nine Months Ended September 30,
In thousands 2017 2016 Percent
Change
Freight Segment Sales $ 1,032,959
$ 1,201,734
(14.0 )%
Transit Segment Sales 1,773,259
969,472
82.9 %
Net sales 2,806,218
2,171,206
29.2 %
Income from operations 330,570
395,561
(16.4 )%
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders 213,313
267,076
267,076
(20.1 )%

~~The following table shows the major components of the change in sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from the nine months ended September 30, 2016:~~

In thousands Freight
Segment Transit
Segment Total
First Nine Months of 2016 Net Sales $ 1,201,734
$ 969,472
$ 2,171,206
Acquisitions 121,246
843,251
964,497
Change in Sales by Product Line:

Specialty Products & Electronics (162,744 ) (12,403 ) (175,147 )
Remanufacturing, Overhaul, and Build (74,243 ) (1,930 ) (76,173 )
Brake Products (43,270 ) (5,887 ) (49,157 )
Transit Products —
(801 ) (801 )
Other (6,725 ) 606
(6,119 )
Foreign exchange (3,040 ) (19,048 ) (22,088 )
First Nine Months of 2017 Net Sales $ 1,032,958
$ 1,773,260
$ 2,806,218

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $635.0 million, or 29.2%, to $2,806.2 million from $2,171.2 million. The increase is due to sales from acquisitions of $964.5 million with the majority related to the Faiveley Transport acquisition. This increase was partially offset by a $175.1 million decrease for Specialty Products and Electronics due to lower demand for freight original equipment rail products and train control and signaling products and services, and a $76.2 million decrease for Remanufacturing, Overhaul and Build primarily due to the absence of a large locomotive rebuild contract that completed in 2016. Unfavorable foreign exchange decreased sales by $22.1 million.

Freight Segment sales decreased by $168.8 million, or 14.0%, primarily due to a decrease of $162.7 million for Specialty Products and Electronics sales from lower demand for freight original equipment rail products as well as train control and signaling products and services, a decrease of $74.2 million for Remanufacturing, Overhaul & Build sales primarily due to the absence of a large locomotive rebuild contract that completed in 2016, and a decrease of $43.3 million for Brake Products sales from lower demand for original equipment brakes for freight customers. Acquisitions increased sales by $121.2 million and unfavorable foreign exchange decreased sales by $3.0 million.

Transit Segment sales increased by $803.8 million, or 82.9%, primarily due to an increase in sales from acquisitions of $843.3 million with the majority related to the Faiveley Transport acquisition. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $12.4 million for Specialty Products and Electronics due to lower demand for original equipment conduction systems and current collectors. Unfavorable foreign exchange decreased sales by $19.0 million.

~~Cost of Sales~~ ~~The following table shows the major components of cost of sales for the periods indicated:~~

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
In thousands Freight Percentage of
Sales Transit Percentage of
Sales Total Percentage of
Sales
Material $ 395,683
38.3 % $ 778,222
43.9 % $ 1,173,905
41.8 %
Labor 140,679
13.6 % 241,400
13.6 % 382,079
13.6 %
Overhead 164,503
15.9 % 250,879
14.1 % 415,382
14.8 %
Other/Warranty 4,236
0.4 % 33,743
1.9 % 37,979
1.4 %
Total cost of sales $ 705,101
68.2 % $ 1,304,244
73.5 % $ 2,009,345
71.6 %

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
In thousands Freight Percentage of
Sales Transit Percentage of
Sales Total Percentage of
Sales
Material $ 450,990
37.5 % $ 410,244
42.3 % $ 861,234
39.7 %
Labor 139,867
11.6 % 119,553
12.3 % 259,420
11.9 %
Overhead 185,964
15.5 % 137,749
14.2 % 323,713
14.9 %
Other/Warranty 6,261
0.5 % 15,528
1.6 % 21,789
1.0 %
Total cost of sales $ 783,082
65.1 % $ 683,074
70.4 % $ 1,466,156
67.5 %

Cost of sales increased by $543.2 million to $2,009.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $1,466.2 million in the same period of 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cost of sales as a percentage of sales was 71.6% compared to 67.5% in the same period of 2016. The increase as a percentage of sales is due to product mix largely attributable to higher transit segment sales due to acquisitions, along with an unfavorable product mix within the freight segment and higher project adjustments of $20.4 million recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2017 on certain existing contracts and $6.0 million of restructuring and integration costs.

Freight Segment cost of sales increased 3.1% as a percentage of sales to 68.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 65.1% for the same period in 2016. The increase is primarily related to lower demand for freight original equipment rail products and train control and signaling products and services which typically offer a higher margin, higher project adjustments of $5.5 million on certain existing contracts primarily related to labor and warranty costs, and $1.7 million of restructuring and integration costs.

Transit Segment cost of sales increased 3.1% as a percentage of sales to 73.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from 70.4% for the same period of 2016. The increase is primarily related to product mix largely attributable to the acquisition of Faiveley Transport, which has lower overall margins and higher project adjustments of $14.9 million on certain existing contracts primarily related to material costs and $4.3 million of restructuring and integration costs.

Included in cost of sales is warranty expense. The provision for warranty expense is generally established for specific losses, along with historical estimates of customer claims as a percentage of sales, which can cause variability in warranty expense between quarters. Warranty expense was $33.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $22.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2017. The increase in warranty expense is primarily related to the increase in sales.

Operating expenses The following table shows our operating expenses for the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2017		Percentage of Sales		2016		Percentage of Sales		2018		Percentage of Sales		2017		Percentage of Sales
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	367,753	13.1	%	$	241,118	11.1	%	$	318,358	14.7	%	$	250,605	13.6	%
Engineering expenses	71,511		2.5	%	52,271		2.4	%	41,437		1.9	%	46,802		2.5	%
Amortization expense	27,039		1.0	%	16,100		0.7	%	20,251		0.9	%	18,394		1.0	%
Total operating expenses	$	466,303	16.6	%	$	309,489	14.2	%	$	380,046	17.5	%	$	315,801	17.1	%

Total operating expenses were ~~16.6%~~17.5% and ~~14.2%~~17.1% of sales for the ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased ~~$126.6~~$67.8 million, or ~~52.5%~~27.1%, primarily due to ~~$145.4~~$9.2 million of costs related to the proposed GE Transportation transaction, $3.3 million of restructuring costs, $4.0 million of cost related to a goods and service tax law change in India, $6.4 million of increased employee benefit costs, changes in foreign currency rates of $13.1 million, $10.0 million in incremental expense from acquisitions, and ~~$18.0~~additional costs associated with higher organic sales volumes. In the same period of 2017, selling, general, and administrative expenses included $14.5 million of Faiveley Transport transaction and ~~integration related charges partially offset by lower costs due to cost saving initiatives and lower organic sales volumes.~~restructuring costs. Engineering expense ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$19.2~~$5.4 million, or ~~36.7%~~11.5%, primarily due to ~~$16.6 million in expenses from acquisitions~~timing of research and ~~remained relatively consistent as a percentage of sales.~~

development expenses. Amortization expense increased ~~$10.9~~$1.9 million due to amortization of intangibles associated with acquisitions.

The following table shows our segment operating expense for the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2017		2016		Percent Change		2018		2017		Percent Change
Freight Segment	$	131,530	$	135,544	(3.0	)%	$	105,579	$	89,013	18.6	%
Transit Segment	313,114		144,194		117.1	%	249,241		212,245		17.4	%
Corporate	21,659		29,751		(27.2	)%	25,226		14,543		73.5	%
Total operating expenses	$	466,303	$	309,489	50.7	%	$	380,046	$	315,801	20.3	%

Freight Segment operating expenses ~~decreased $4.0~~increased $16.6 million, or ~~3.0%~~18.6%, in the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and increased ~~140~~50 basis points to ~~12.7%~~13.3% of sales. The ~~decrease~~increase is primarily attributable to ~~reduced~~increased sales volumes and ~~realized benefits from the cost saving initiatives undertaken in 2016 and 2017, partially offset by $15.6~~$6.6 million of incremental operating expenses from ~~acquisitions and $2.8 million of restructuring and integration costs.~~acquisitions.

Transit Segment operating expenses increased ~~$168.9~~$37.0 million, or ~~117.1%~~17.4%, in the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 and increased 280~~2018 but decreased 30 basis points to ~~17.7%~~18.1% of sales. The increase is ~~attributed~~primarily attributable to ~~$156.9~~increased sales volumes, $12.6 million due to foreign exchange, $5.4 million of incremental operating expenses, ~~from acquisitions~~$4.0 million of cost due to a goods and ~~$11.0~~service tax law change in India, and $2.8 million of restructuring costs. In the same period of 2017, the transit segment included $7.6 million of Faiveley Transport transaction and ~~integration costs.~~restructuring expenses.

Corporate non-allocated operating expenses ~~decreased $8.1~~increased $10.7 million in the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 primarily due to ~~lower Faiveley Transport transaction and integration costs as well as benefits from cost savings initiatives undertaken in 2017 and 2016.~~the proposed GE Transportation transaction.

Interest expense, net Interest expense, net, increased ~~$35.1~~$14.8 million in the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 attributable to higher overall debt balances~~2018 because of financing costs associated with the proposed GE Transportation transaction. In addition, net interest expense in ~~2017 than 2016, primarily~~the prior year included a $2.2 million benefit related to the prepayment of debt assumed in the Faiveley Transport ~~acquisition and higher interest rates.~~acquisition.

Other income (expense), net Other income/(expense), net, totaled ~~$2.2~~$4.8 million ~~of expense~~ in the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018, compared to ~~$0.1~~$5.7 million ~~of income~~ for the comparable period in ~~2016~~2017, primarily due to investment returns on pension assets recognized, offset by foreign currency losses.

Income taxes The effective income tax rate was ~~23.4%~~17.7% and ~~29.7%~~26.5% for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018 and 2017, ~~and 2016,~~ respectively. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Act. The U.S. tax reform bill lowered the Federal statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning January 1, 2018. The decrease in the effective rate ~~is primarily due to $9.5 million of favorable deferred tax net benefits recorded in~~for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 and~~2018 is mostly the result of a ~~lower~~$13.0 million benefit recorded in the second quarter of 2018 in order to revise estimates of the impact of the Tax Act on the Transition Tax on unrepatriated earnings ~~mix in higher tax rate jurisdictions. The net favorable deferred tax benefits related to~~and the ~~adjustment~~deductibility of ~~deferred tax liabilities which had originally been established in prior periods in several foreign jurisdictions.~~certain executive compensation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is provided ~~primarily~~ by operating cash flow and borrowings under the Company’s unsecured credit facility with a consortium of commercial banks. The following is a summary of selected cash flow information and other relevant data:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
In thousands	2017			2016			2018			2017
Cash (used for) provided by:
Cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities	$	26,511		$	246,893		$	67,904		$	(13,703	)
Investing activities	(149,824		)	(115,891		)	(69,100		)	(884,629		)
Financing activities	(70,049		)	(112,336		)	22,764			41,590
(Decrease)/increase in cash	$	(170,404	)	$	24,191
Increase/(decrease) in cash							$	12,173		$	(814,710	)

Operating activities In the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017,~~2018, cash provided by operations was ~~$26.5~~$67.9 million. In the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2016,~~2017, cash used for operations was $13.7 million. Cash provided by operations ~~was $246.9 million. In comparison to the first nine months of 2016, cash provided by operations for the comparable period~~ in ~~2017 decreased~~2018 increased due to ~~unfavorable~~favorable year over year working capital performance and ~~lower~~higher net income of ~~$54.5~~$26.6 million. The major components of working capital were as follows: ~~an unfavorable~~a favorable change in accounts payable of $135.2 million due to the timing of payments to suppliers, a favorable change of ~~$87.8~~$12.5 million in other assets and liabilities primarily due to ~~an unfavorable change in accrued liabilities due to~~reduced payments related to contract liabilities, accrued expenses, and a decrease in cash payments related to Faiveley Transport acquisition costs during the first ~~nine~~six months of 2017, ~~an unfavorable~~and a favorable change in accounts ~~payable of $77.6 million~~receivable due to ~~the timing~~better collections from customers of payments to suppliers, an unfavorable change in inventory of $55.7 million due to efforts to ramp up production in anticipation of stronger product demand in the fourth quarter of 2017, an unfavorable change in accrued income taxes of $41.9 million,$6.6 million. These favorable changes were partially offset by ~~a favorable~~an unfavorable change in accrued liabilities and customer deposits of ~~$89.6~~$59.4 million primarily due to the timing of cash receipts from customers for long term ~~projects.~~projects, and an unfavorable change in inventory of $67.7 million due to efforts to ramp up production in anticipation of higher demand in 2018.

Investing activities In the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, cash used for investing activities was ~~$149.8~~$69.1 million and ~~$115.9~~$884.6 million, respectively. The major components of the cash outflow in ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$114.2~~$38.3 million in net cash paid for acquisitions and ~~$60.3~~$39.7 million in ~~planned~~ additions to property, plant and equipment for investments in our facilities and manufacturing processes. ~~These outflows were partially offset by $23.5 million in cash released from escrow related to the Faiveley acquisition.~~ This compares to ~~$84.4~~$846.7 million in net cash paid for acquisitions and ~~$31.7~~$38.4 million in property, plant, and equipment for investments in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2016.~~2017. Refer to Note 3 of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on acquisitions.

Financing activities In the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017,~~2018, cash ~~used for~~provided by financing activities was ~~$70.0~~$22.8 million which included ~~$883.5~~$591.9 million in proceeds from the revolving credit facility, ~~$918.9~~$546.4 million in repayments of debt and ~~$30.7~~$23.1 million of dividend payments. In the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2016,~~2017, cash ~~used for~~provided by financing activities was ~~$112.3~~$41.6 million, which included ~~$346.0~~$745.0 million in proceeds from the revolving credit facility, ~~$215.9~~$680.1 million in repayments of debt on the revolving credit facility, ~~$212.2 million for purchases of treasury stock, $23.5~~$19.2 million of dividend payments, and ~~$9.0~~$6.8 million related to payment of income tax withholding on share-based compensation.

~~Senior Notes Due November 2026~~

2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement

On ~~November 3, 2016,~~June 8, 2018, the Company ~~issued $750.0~~entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement”), which replaced the Company’s then-existing “2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement.” As part of the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement, the Company entered into (i) a $1.2 billion revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which replaced the Company’s revolving credit facility under the 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement, and includes a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $450.0 million and a swing line sub-facility of $75.0 million, (ii) a $350.0 million term loan (the “Refinancing Term Loan”), which refinanced the term loan under the 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement, and (iii) a new $400.0 million delayed draw term loan (the “Delayed Draw Term Loan”). The 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement also provides for a bridge loan facility (the “Bridge Loan Facility”) in an amount not to exceed $2.5 billion, such facility to become effective at the Company’s request. Commitments in respect of the Bridge Loan Facility will be reduced by any alternative financing (including any other loans or any long-term notes) that the Company arranges prior to the Direct Sale, subject to customary exceptions. In addition, the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement contains an uncommitted accordion feature allowing the Company to request, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $600.0 million, increases to the borrowing commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility or a new incremental term loan commitment. At June 30, 2018, the Company had available bank borrowing capacity, net of $33.6 million of ~~Senior Notes due in 2026.~~ letters of credit, of approximately $647.9 million subject to certain financial covenant restrictions.

The ~~2016 Notes were issued at 99.965% of face value. Interest~~Revolving Credit Facility matures on June 8, 2023 and is unsecured. The Refinancing Term Loan matures on June 8, 2021 and is unsecured. The Delayed Draw Term Loan matures on the ~~2016 Notes accrues at a rate~~third anniversary of ~~3.45% per annum~~the date on which it is borrowed and is ~~payable semi-annually~~unsecured. The Bridge Loan Facility, if used, will mature on ~~May 15~~the date set forth in the definitive documentation for the Bridge Loan Facility and ~~November 15 of each year.~~is unsecured. The ~~proceeds were used to finance~~applicable interest rate for borrowings under the ~~cash portion~~2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement includes interest rate spreads based on the lower of the ~~Faiveley Transport acquisition, refinance Faiveley Transport's indebtedness,~~pricing corresponding to (i) the Company’s ratio of total debt (less unrestricted cash up to $300.0 million) to EBITDA (“Leverage Ratio”) or (ii) the Company’s public rating, in each case that range between 1.000% and 1.875% for ~~general corporate purposes.~~LIBOR/CDOR-based borrowings and 0.000% and 0.875% for Alternate Base Rate based borrowings. The ~~principal balance is due in full at maturity.~~

~~The 2016 Notes are senior unsecured~~ obligations of the Company ~~and rank pari passu with all existing and future senior debt and senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness~~under the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement have been guaranteed by certain of the ~~Company.~~ Company’s subsidiaries.

The ~~indenture under~~2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by the Company and its subsidiaries, including customary use of materiality, material adverse effect, and knowledge qualifiers. The Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to (i) customary affirmative covenants that impose certain reporting obligations on the Company and its subsidiaries and (ii) customary negative covenants, including limitations on: indebtedness; liens; restricted payments; fundamental changes; business activities; transactions with affiliates; restrictive agreements; changes in fiscal year; and use of proceeds. In addition, the Company is required to maintain (i) an Interest Coverage ratio of at least 3.00 to 1.00 over each

period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of a fiscal quarter and (ii) a Leverage Ratio, calculated as of the last day of a fiscal quarter for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, of 3.25 to 1.00 or less; provided that, in the event the Company completes the Direct Sale and the Merger or any other material acquisition in which the ~~2016 Notes were issued contains covenants~~cash consideration paid exceeds $500.0 million, the maximum Leverage Ratio permitted will be (x) 3.75 to 1.00 at the end of the fiscal quarter in which such acquisition is consummated and ~~restrictions which limit among other things,~~each of the ~~following:~~three fiscal quarters immediately following such fiscal quarter and (y) 3.50 to 1.00 at the ~~incurrence~~end of ~~indebtedness, payment~~each of ~~dividends~~the fourth and ~~certain distributions, sale~~fifth full fiscal quarters after the consummation of ~~assets, change in control, mergers and consolidations and the incurrence of liens.~~such acquisition. The Company is in compliance with the restrictions and covenants of the 2018 Refinancing Credit Agreement and does not expect that these measurements will limit the Company in executing its operating activities.

At June 30, 2018, the weighted average interest rate on the Company’s variable rate debt was 3.03%. On June 5, 2014, the Company entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement with a notional value of $150.0 million. The effective date of the interest rate swap agreement was November 7, 2016, and the termination date is December 19, 2018. The impact of the interest rate swap agreement converts a portion of the Company’s outstanding debt from a variable rate to a fixed-rate borrowing. During the term of the interest rate swap agreement the interest rate on the notional value will be fixed at 2.56% plus the Alternate Rate margin. As for this agreement, the Company is exposed to credit risk in the ~~indenture under which~~event of nonperformance by the counterparties. However, since only the cash interest payments are exchanged, exposure is significantly less than the notional amount. The counterparties are large financial institutions with excellent credit ratings and history of performance. The Company currently believes the risk of nonperformance is negligible.

2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement

On June 22, 2016, the Company amended and restated its then existing revolving credit facility with a consortium of commercial banks. The “2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement” provided the Company with a $1.2 billion, five years revolving credit facility and a $400.0 million delayed draw term loan (the “Term Loan”). The Company incurred approximately $3.3 million of deferred financing costs related to the 2016 ~~Notes~~Refinancing Credit Agreement. The 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement borrowings bore variable interest rates indexed as described below.

The Term Loan was initially drawn on November 25, 2016. The Company incurred a 10 basis point commitment fee from June 22, 2016 until the initial draw.

Under the 2016 Refinancing Credit Agreement, the Company could elect a Base Rate of interest for U.S. Dollar denominated loans or, for certain currencies, an interest rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) of interest, or other rates appropriate for such currencies (in any case, “the Alternate Rate”). The Base Rate adjusted on a daily basis and was the greater of the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5% per annum, the PNC, N.A. prime rate or the Daily LIBOR Rate plus 100 basis points, plus a margin that ranges from 0 to 75 basis points. The Alternate Rate was based on the quoted rates specific to the applicable currency, plus a margin that ranges from 75 to 175 basis points. Both the Base Rate and Alternate Rate margins were ~~issued~~dependent on the Company’s consolidated total indebtedness to EBITDA ratios. The initial Base Rate margin was 0 basis points and ~~expects that these restrictions and covenants will not be any type of limiting factor in executing our operating activities.~~

the Alternate Rate margin was 175 basis points.

Faiveley Transport Tender Offer

On November 30, 2016, the Company acquired majority ownership of Faiveley Transport under the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement. The transaction was structured as a set acquisition as follows:

The purchase price paid for 100% ownership of Faiveley Transport was $1,507.0 million. The $744.7 million included as deposits in escrow on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 was cash designated for use as consideration for the tender offers.

Company Stock Repurchase Plan

On February 8, 2016, the Board of Directors amended its stock repurchase authorization to $350 million of the Company’s outstanding shares. This new stock repurchase authorization supersedes the previous authorization of $350 million of which about $33.3 million remained. During the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017,~~2018, the Company did not repurchase any ~~shares.~~shares, leaving $137.8 million remaining under the authorization. The Company intends to purchase shares on the open market or in negotiated block trades from time to time depending on market conditions. No time limit was set for the completion of the programs which conforms to the requirements under the 2016 and 2018 Refinancing Credit ~~Agreement,~~Agreements, as well as the senior notes currently outstanding.

Forward Looking Statements

We believe that all statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including certain statements under “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” may constitute forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Although we believe that our assumptions made in connection with the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure that our assumptions and expectations are correct.

These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, including, among other things:

Economic and industry conditions

prolonged unfavorable economic and industry conditions in the markets served by us, including North America, South America, Europe, Australia, Asia and South Africa;

decline in demand for freight cars, locomotives, passenger transit cars, buses and related products and services;

reliance on major original equipment manufacturer customers;

original equipment manufacturers’ program delays;

demand for services in the freight and passenger rail industry;

demand for our products and services;

orders either being delayed, canceled, not returning to historical levels, or reduced or any combination of the foregoing;

consolidations in the rail industry;

continued outsourcing by our customers;

industry demand for faster and more efficient braking equipment;

fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates; or

availability of credit.

Operating factors

supply disruptions;

technical difficulties;

changes in operating conditions and costs;

increases in raw material costs;

successful introduction of new products;

performance under material long-term contracts;

labor relations;

the outcome of our existing or any future legal proceedings, including litigation involving our principal customers and any litigation with respect to environmental matters, asbestos-related matters, pension liabilities, warranties, product liabilities or intellectual property claims;

completion and integration of acquisitions, including the acquisition of Faiveley Transport; or

the development and use of new technology.

Competitive factors

the actions of ~~competitors.~~competitors; or

the outcome of negotiations with partners, suppliers, customers, or others.

Political/governmental factors

political stability in relevant areas of the world;

future regulation/deregulation of our customers and/or the rail industry;

levels of governmental funding on transit projects, including for some of our customers;

political developments and laws and regulations, including those related to Positive Train Control; or

federal and state income tax legislation; and

the outcome of negotiations with ~~partners, governments, suppliers, customers or others.~~governments.

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q apply only as of the date on which such statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Reference is also made to the risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

Critical Accounting Policies

A summary of critical accounting policies is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017. In particular, judgment is used in areas such as accounts receivable and the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventories, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, warranty reserves, pensions and postretirement benefits, income taxes and revenue recognition. The Company's revenue recognition policy has been updated due to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09. There have been no other significant changes in accounting policies since December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.


Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

In the ordinary course of business, Wabtec is exposed to risks that increases in interest rates may adversely affect funding costs associated with its variable-rate debt. The Company’s variable rate debt represents ~~38%~~39% and ~~36%~~38% of total long-term debt at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, respectively. To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on a portion of this variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward interest rate swap agreements which convert a portion of the debt

from variable to fixed-rate borrowings during the term of the swap contract. Refer to Note 67 – Long Term Debt of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding interest rate risk.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The Company is subject to certain risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates to the extent our operations are conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. For the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2017,~~2018, approximately ~~35%~~34% of Wabtec’s net sales were to customers in the United States, 9% in the United Kingdom, 7%6% in Canada, 6% in France, 6% in Germany, 5% in Italy, 5% in Mexico, 4% in India, 4% in China, 4% in ~~Mexico, 3% in Italy, 3% in~~ Australia, and ~~23%~~17% in other international locations. To reduce the impact of changes in currency exchange rates, the Company has periodically entered into foreign currency forward contracts. Refer to “Financial Derivatives and Hedging Activities” in Note 2 of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information regarding foreign currency exchange risk.


Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Wabtec’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of Wabtec’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that Wabtec’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Wabtec in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Wabtec in such reports is accumulated and communicated to Wabtec’s Management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There was no change in Wabtec’s “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2018, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Wabtec’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Except as described below, there have been no material changes regarding the Company’s commitments and contingencies as described in Note 19 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

On April 21, 2016, ~~including with respect~~Siemens Industry, Inc. filed a lawsuit against the Company in federal district court in Delaware alleging that the Company has infringed seven patents owned by Siemens, all of which relate to Positive Train Control technology. On November 2, 2016, Siemens amended its complaint to add six additional patents they also claim are infringed by the ~~litigation with~~Company’s Positive Train Control Products. The Company has filed Answers, and asserted counterclaims, in response to Siemens’ complaints. The US Patent & Trademark Office has granted Inter-Parties Review proceedings on ten (10) of the patents asserted by Siemens ~~described therein.~~to assess their validity; the hearings began in April 2018 and continue through November 2018. On, July 19, 2018, Siemens moved to amend its pleadings to add claims alleging violations of federal antitrust and state trade practices laws. Additionally, Wabtec’s counterclaim alleging that Siemens has violated three (3) of Wabtec’s patents has been severed from the initial case and is now a separate case pending in federal district court in Delaware. Wabtec has filed a motion to obtain a preliminary injunction against Siemens in that case and a hearing is scheduled for August 1, 2018.


Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.


Item 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table summarizes the Company's stock repurchase activity for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2018:

~~Month~~

~~Total Number of Shares Purchased~~

~~Average Price Paid per Share~~

~~Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (1)~~

~~Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (1)~~

~~July 2017~~

—

~~August 2017~~

—

~~September 2017~~

—

~~Total quarter ended September 30, 2017~~

—



Month	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (1)	Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (1)
April 2018	—	—		—	$	137,824
May 2018	—	$	—	—	$	137,824
June 2018	—	$	—	—	$	137,824
Total quarter ended June 30, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	137,824


(1)	On February 9, 2016, the Board of Directors amended its stock repurchase authorization to $350.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares. No time limit was set for the completion of the programs which conforms to the requirements under the 2016 and 2018 Refinancing Credit ~~Agreement,~~Agreements, as well as the senior notes currently outstanding.


Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable


Item 6.	EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are being filed with this report:



2.7*	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated May 20, 2018, among Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation, General Electric Company, Transportation Systems Holdings Inc., and Wabtec US Rail Holdings, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018).

2.8*	Separation, Distribution and Sale Agreement, dated May 20, 2018, among Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation, General Electric Company, Transportation Systems Holdings Inc., and Wabtec US Rail, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018).

2.9	Voting and Support Agreement, dated May 20, 2018, among General Electric Company and each of the persons listed on Schedule 1 thereto. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018).

2.10	Form of Shareholders Agreement between General Electric Company and Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018).

2.11	Form of Tax Matters Agreement among General Electric Company, Transportation Systems Holdings Inc., Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation and Wabtec US Rail, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018).

2.12	Form of Employee Matters Agreement among General Electric Company, Transportation Systems Holdings Inc., Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation and Wabtec US Rail, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.6 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018).

4.10	Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated June 8, 2018, by and among Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee

4.11	Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated June 29, 2018, by and among Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee



~~10.1~~10.19	~~Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Refinancing~~ Credit Agreement, dated as of ~~October 11, 2017,~~June 8, 2018, by and among Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation, Wabtec Coöperatief U.A. and the ~~Company, Wabtec Cooperatief UA, as borrowers, the subsidiary guarantors named therein, and~~other borrowing subsidiaries party thereto, the lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, PNC Capital Markets LLC and TD Securities (USA) LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, Goldman Sachs Bank USA and PLC Capital Markets LLC, as Syndication Agents, and Bank of America, N.A., HSBC Bank USA, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and TD Securities (USA) LLC, as Documentation Agents.

31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

31.2	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Certain schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Wabtec hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally, copies of any of the omitted schedules upon request by the SEC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

By:	/s/ PATRICK D. DUGAN
	Patrick D. Dugan,
	Executive Vice President ~~Finance~~ and Chief Financial Officer

(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

DATE:	~~November 1, 2017~~July 31, 2018

5156



In thousands	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017		Three Months Ended September 30, 2016		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Net sales	$	957,931	$	995,869	$	2,817,550	$	3,168,195
Gross profit	253,203		301,554		799,695		977,743
Net income attributable to Wabtec shareholders	67,399		99,085		214,370		323,878
Diluted earnings per share
As Reported	$	0.70	$	0.91	$	2.22	$	2.92
Pro forma	$	0.70	$	1.02	$	2.23	$	3.30