Table of Contents


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 
ý     QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019
OR
¨        TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from        to       
Commission File Number 001-16625
BUNGE LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Bermuda 98-0231912
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
50 Main Street, White Plains, New York 10606
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(914) 684-2800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ý  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ý  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ý
 
Accelerated filer ¨
 
Non-accelerated filer ¨
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company ¨
 
Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Yes    No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Yes  ¨  No  ý
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, $0.01 par value per shareBGNew York Stock Exchange
As of October 25, 2017May 3, 2019 the number of shares issued of the registrant was:
Common shares, par value $.01 per share: 140,625,046141,477,794


BUNGE LIMITED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
 
   
Item 1. 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
   
 
   
Item 1.
   
Item 1A.
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
   
Item 5.
   
Item 6.
   
  

PART I— FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share data)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018
Net sales $11,423
 $11,423
 $34,189
 $30,880
 $9,938
 $10,641
Cost of goods sold (10,933) (10,867) (32,884) (29,174) (9,501) (10,257)
Gross profit 490
 556
 1,305
 1,706
 437
 384
Selling, general and administrative expenses (340) (324) (1,046) (941) (305) (344)
Interest income 9
 13
 29
 37
 7
 8
Interest expense (64) (73) (191) (189) (75) (70)
Foreign exchange gains (losses) 1
 (6) 108
 9
 (7) 
Other income (expense) – net 25
 4
 24
 (14) 31
 24
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax 121
 170
 229
 608
 88
 2
Income tax (expense) benefit (29) (45) (2) (118) (38) (19)
Income (loss) from continuing operations 92
 125
 227
 490
 50
 (17)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 
 5
 
 (8) 
 (2)
Net income (loss) 92
 130
 227
 482
 50
 (19)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 

(12)
(7)
(8)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests (5)
(2)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge 92
 118
 220
 474
 45
 (21)
Convertible preference share dividends and other obligations (8) (2) (25) (27)
Convertible preference share dividends (8) (8)
Net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders $84
 $116
 $195
 $447
 $37
 $(29)
            
Earnings per common share—basic (Note 17)  
  
  
  
Earnings per common share—basic (Note 19)  
  
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $0.59
 $0.80
 $1.39
 $3.25
 $0.26
 $(0.20)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 
 0.03
 (0.01) (0.06) 
 (0.01)
        
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders $0.59
 $0.83
 $1.38
 $3.19
 $0.26
 $(0.21)
            
Earnings per common share—diluted (Note 17)  
  
  
  
Earnings per common share—diluted (Note 19)  
  
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $0.59
 $0.79
 $1.38
 $3.24
 $0.26
 $(0.20)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 
 0.04
 (0.01) (0.05) 
 (0.01)
        
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders $0.59
 $0.83
 $1.37
 $3.19
 $0.26
 $(0.21)
        
Dividends declared per common share $0.46
 $0.42
 $1.34
 $1.22
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018
Net income (loss) $92
 $130
 $227
 $482
 $50
 $(19)
Other comprehensive income (loss):  
  
  
  
  
  
Foreign exchange translation adjustment 332
 (87) 458
 898
 (29) (12)
Unrealized gains (losses) on designated cash flow and net investment hedges, net of tax (expense) benefit of nil and nil in 2017 and nil and $(1) in 2016 (37) 
 (108) (339)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax (expense) benefit of nil and $(1) in 2017, nil and nil in 2016 
 
 1
 
Reclassification of realized net losses (gains) to net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2 and $1 in 2017, nil and nil in 2016 (12) (13) (31) (13)
Pension adjustment, net of tax (expense) benefit of $(5) and $(1) in 2017, nil and nil in 2016 9
 1
 9
 1
Unrealized gains (losses) on designated hedges, net of tax (expense) benefit of nil in 2019 and ($1) in 2018 (23) 3
Reclassification of realized net (gains) losses to net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of nil in 2019 and nil in 2018 (1) (4)
Pension adjustment, net of tax (expense) benefit of nil in 2019 and nil in 2018 
 (1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 292
 (99) 329
 547
 (53) (14)
Total comprehensive income (loss) 384
 31
 556
 1,029
 (3) (33)
Less: comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (3) (20) (20) (20)
Less: comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests 4
 (5)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Bunge $381
 $11
 $536
 $1,009
 $1
 $(38)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions, except share data)
 September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
ASSETS  
  
  
  
Current assets:  
  
  
  
Cash and cash equivalents $389
 $934
 $464
 $389
Time deposits under trade structured finance program (Note 5)
 
 64
Trade accounts receivable (less allowances of $104 and $122) (Note 13) 1,867
 1,676
Trade accounts receivable (less allowances of $117 and $113) (Note 14) 1,717
 1,637
Inventories (Note 6) 5,848
 4,773
 5,938
 5,871
Other current assets (Note 7) 3,881
 3,645
 3,120
 3,171
Total current assets 11,985
 11,092
 11,239
 11,068
Property, plant and equipment, net 5,420
 5,099
 5,197
 5,201
Operating lease assets (Note 4) 1,010
 
Goodwill 515
 373
 723
 727
Other intangible assets, net 338
 336
 657
 697
Investments in affiliates 418
 373
 463
 451
Deferred income taxes 548
 524
 425
 458
Time deposits under trade structured finance program (Note 5) 313
 464
Other non-current assets (Note 8) 1,015
 927
 821
 823
Total assets $20,552
 $19,188
 $20,535
 $19,425
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY  
  
  
  
Current liabilities:  
  
  
  
Short-term debt $1,021
 $257
 $1,733
 $750
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 12) 287
 938
Letter of credit obligations under trade structured finance program (Note 5) 313
 528
Trade accounts payable (includes $925 and $522 carried at fair value) 3,650
 3,485
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 13) 414
 419
Trade accounts payable (includes $846 and $441 carried at fair value) 3,841
 3,501
Current operating lease obligations (Note 4) 225
 
Other current liabilities (Note 10) 2,197
 2,476
 1,840
 2,502
Total current liabilities 7,468
 7,684
 8,053
 7,172
Long-term debt (Note 12) 4,246
 3,069
Long-term debt (Note 13) 3,821
 4,203
Deferred income taxes 246
 239
 323
 356
Non-current operating lease obligations (Note 4) 739
 
Other non-current liabilities 842
 853
 874
 892
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) 

 

Equity (Note 16):
  
  
Convertible perpetual preference shares, par value $.01; authorized, issued and outstanding: 2017 - 6,899,700 and 2016 – 6,900,000 shares (liquidation preference $100 per share) 690
 690
Common shares, par value $.01; authorized – 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 2017 – 140,608,657 shares, 2016 – 139,500,862 shares 1
 1
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) 

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 17)
 421
 424
Equity (Note 18):
  
  
Convertible perpetual preference shares, par value $.01; authorized – 21,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding: 2019 - 6,899,683 shares and 2018 - 6,899,683 shares (liquidation preference $100 per share) 690
 690
Common shares, par value $.01; authorized – 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 2019 – 141,469,061 shares, 2018 – 141,111,081 shares 1
 1
Additional paid-in capital 5,223
 5,143
 5,284
 5,278
Retained earnings 8,214
 8,208
 8,045
 8,059
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 16) (5,662) (5,978)
Treasury shares, at cost - 2017 and 2016 - 12,882,313 shares, respectively (920) (920)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 18) (7,000) (6,935)
Treasury shares, at cost - 2019 and 2018 - 12,882,313 shares (920) (920)
Total Bunge shareholders’ equity 7,546
 7,144
 6,100
 6,173
Noncontrolling interests 204
 199
 204
 205
Total equity 7,750
 7,343
 6,304
 6,378
Total liabilities and equity $20,552
 $19,188
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity $20,535
 $19,425
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions)
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2019 2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES  
  
  
  
Net income (loss) $227
 $482
 $50
 $(19)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by (used for) operating activities:  
  
  
  
Impairment charges 26
 17
 9
 2
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on net debt 28
 115
Foreign exchange loss on net debt 37
 33
Bad debt expense 8
 16
 7
 10
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 448
 402
 139
 142
Share-based compensation expense 27
 31
 4
 7
Deferred income tax (8) 105
Deferred income tax (benefit) (3) (15)
Other, net 14
 1
 12
 2
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions:  
  
  
  
Trade accounts receivable (200) 28
 (128) 47
Inventories (837) (487) (94) (1,466)
Secured advances to suppliers 101
 205
 (31) (110)
Trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities 265
 233
 248
 268
Advances on sales (200) (157) (97) (93)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative contracts 153
 (157)
Net unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts (370) 435
Margin deposits (26) (44) 102
 (187)
Marketable securities (147) 
 (36) (153)
Beneficial interest in securitized trade receivables (244) (663)
Other, net (181) (155) (7) (13)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities (302) 635
 (402) (1,773)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES  
  
  
  
Payments made for capital expenditures (485) (488) (119) (105)
Acquisitions of businesses (net of cash acquired) (369) 
 
 (968)
Proceeds from investments 398
 584
 37
 336
Payments for investments (686) (515) (193) (620)
Settlement of net investment hedges (23) (210) (51) 10
Proceeds from beneficial interest in securitized trade receivables 275
 662
Payments for investments in affiliates (77) (24) (4) (16)
Other, net 8
 (14) 14
 (6)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities (1,234) (667) (41) (707)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES  
  
  
  
Net change in short-term debt with maturities of 90 days or less 596
 (128) 1,193
 931
Proceeds from short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days 360
 273
 9
 53
Repayments of short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days (206) (292) (214) 
Proceeds from long-term debt 6,502
 7,933
 978
 2,560
Repayments of long-term debt (6,100) (7,430) (1,376) (1,296)
Proceeds from the exercise of options for common shares 58
 
 5
 4
Repurchases of common shares 
 (200)
Dividends paid (207) (191)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest 
 (39)
Dividends paid to common and preference shareholders (79) (73)
Other, net (34) (28) (3) (5)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities 969
 (102) 513
 2,174
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 22
 20
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (545) (114)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 934
 411
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $389
 $297
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 6
 (7)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 76
 (313)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period 393
 605
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period $469
 $292
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions, except share data)
     Convertible
Preference Shares
 Common Shares            
  Redeemable
Non-
Controlling
Interests
  Shares Amount Shares Amount Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained
Earnings
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Treasury
Shares
 Non-
Controlling
Interests
 Total
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2017 $
  6,900,000
 $690
 139,500,862
 $1
 $5,143
 $8,208
 $(5,978) $(920) $199
 $7,343
Net income (loss) 
  
 
 
 
 
 220
 
 
 7
 227
Other comprehensive income (loss) 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 316
 
 13
 329
Dividends on common shares 
  
 
 
 
 
 (189) 
 
 
 (189)
Dividends on preference shares 
  
 
 
 
 
 (25) 
 
 
 (25)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests on subsidiary common stock 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (10) (10)
Noncontrolling decrease from redemption 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (5) (5)
Share-based compensation expense 
  
 
 
 
 27
 
 
 
 
 27
Issuance of common shares 
  (300) 
 1,107,795
 
 53
 
 
 
 
 53
Balance, September 30, 2017 $
  6,899,700
 $690
 140,608,657
 $1
 $5,223
 $8,214
 $(5,662) $(920) $204
 $7,750
   Convertible
Preference Shares
 Common Shares            
  Redeemable
Non-
Controlling
Interests
Shares Amount Shares Amount Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained
Earnings
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Treasury
Shares
 Non-
Controlling
Interests
 Total
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019 $424
6,899,683
 $690
 141,111,081
 $1
 $5,278
 $8,059
 $(6,935) $(920) $205
 $6,378
Net income (loss) 5

 
 
 
 
 45
 
 
 
 45
Other comprehensive income (loss) (8)
 
 
 
 
 
 (44) 
 (1) (45)
Dividends on common shares, $0.50 per share 

 
 
 
 
 (71) 
 
 
 (71)
Dividends on preference shares, $1.21875 per share 

 
 
 
 
 (8) 
 
 
 (8)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests on subsidiary common stock 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1) (1)
Contribution from noncontrolling interest 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1
 1
Share-based compensation expense 

 
 
 
 4
 
 
 
 
 4
Impact of adoption of new accounting standards (1)
 

 
 
 
 
 21
 (21) 
 
 
Issuance of common shares, including stock dividends 

 
 357,980
 
 2
 (1) 
 
 
 1
Balance, March 31, 2019 $421
6,899,683
 $690
 141,469,061
 $1
 $5,284
 $8,045
 $(7,000) $(920) $204
 $6,304
     Convertible
Preference Shares
 Common Shares            
  Redeemable
Non-
Controlling
Interests
  Shares Amount Shares Amount Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained
Earnings
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Treasury
Shares
 Non-
Controlling
Interests
 Total
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2016 $37
  6,900,000
 $690
 142,483,467
 $1
 $5,105
 $7,725
 $(6,360) $(720) $211
 $6,652
Net income (loss) 1
  
 
 
 
 
 474
 
 
 8
 482
Accretion of noncontrolling interest 2
  
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 
 (2)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (1)  
 
 
 
 
 
 535
 
 12
 547
Dividends on common shares 
  
 
 
 
 
 (170) 
 
 
 (170)
Dividends on preference shares 
  
 
 
 
 
 (25) 
 
 
 (25)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests on subsidiary common stock 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (7) (7)
Noncontrolling decrease from redemption 
  
 
 
 
 1
 
 
 
 (8) (7)
Deconsolidation of a subsidiary 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (22) (22)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest (39)  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation expense 
  
 
 
 
 31
 
 
 
 
 31
Repurchase of common shares 
  
 
 (3,296,230) 
 
 
 
 (200) 
 (200)
Issuance of common shares 
  
 
 265,539
 
 (2) 
 
 
 
 (2)
Balance, September 30, 2016 $
  6,900,000
 $690
 139,452,776
 $1
 $5,133
 $8,004
 $(5,825) $(920) $194
 $7,277
   Convertible
Preference Shares
 Common Shares            
  Redeemable
Non-
Controlling
Interests
Shares Amount Shares Amount Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained
Earnings
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Treasury
Shares
 Non-
Controlling
Interests
 Total
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2018 $
6,899,700
 $690
 140,646,829
 $1
 $5,226
 $8,081
 $(5,930) $(920) $209
 $7,357
Net income (loss) 

 
 
 
 
 (21) 
 
 2
 (19)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 4

 
 
 
 
 
 (17) 
 3
 (14)
Dividends on common shares, $0.46 per share 

 
 
 
 
 (65) 
 
 
 (65)
Dividends on preference shares, $1.21875 per share 

 
 
 
 
 (8) 
 
 
 (8)
Deconsolidation of a subsidiary 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (2) (2)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest 466

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation expense 

 
 
 
 7
 
 
 
 
 7
Impact of adoption of new accounting standards 

 
 
 
 
 21
 
 
 
 21
Issuance of (conversion to) common shares 

 
 257,199
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2018 $470
6,899,700
 $690
 140,904,028
 $1
 $5,233
 $8,008
 $(5,947) $(920) $212
 $7,277
(1) See Note 2 for further details.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION, AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bunge Limited (“Bunge”), its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which Bunge is considered to be the primary beneficiary, and as a result, include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all entities over which Bunge has a controlling financial interest. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”).  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 20162018 has been derived from Bunge’s audited consolidated financial statements at that date.  Operating results for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.2019.  The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016,2018, forming part of Bunge’s 20162018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2017.22, 2019.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet that sums to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
(US$ in millions)March 31, 2019March 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents$464
$287
Restricted cash included in other current assets5
5
Total$469
$292
Statement of Cash Flows
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). Subsequent to the Company's initial adoption of ASU 2016-15, additional interpretative guidance was released by the SEC in the third quarter of 2018 that clarified the method to be used for calculating the cash received from payments on the deferred purchase price of securitized receivables. This additional guidance indicated that an entity must evaluate daily transaction activity to calculate the value of cash received from payments on the deferred purchase price. The company has applied this guidance on a retrospective basis, effective with the Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, which resulted in additional reclassification of cash inflows from operating activities to cash inflows from investing activities. Therefore, the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and certain amounts in Note 14, Trade Receivables Securitization Program, have been revised to reflect this change.

2.ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The below outlines new accounting pronouncements issued in 2017, as well as updates on certain previously disclosed Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU”) not yet adopted.ASUs.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2017,June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-12,2016-13, Derivatives and HedgingFinancial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 815): Targeted Improvement to Accounting for Hedging Activities326), which better aligns hedgeintroduces a new accounting withmodel, referred to as the current expected credit losses ("CECL") model, for estimating credit losses on certain financial instruments and expands the disclosure requirements for estimating such credit losses. Under the new model, an organization’s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition,entity is required to estimate the ASU simplifiescredit losses expected over the applicationlife of hedge accountingan exposure (or pool of

exposures). The guidance in areas where practice issues exist.also amends the current impairment model for debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities. The ASU isnew guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including interim periods within those years.permitted. Bunge is assessingevaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2017,On January 1, 2019 the FASB��issuedCompany adopted ASU 2017-10, Service Concession Arrangements (Topic 853): Determining the Customer of the Operation Services.2016-02, Topic 853 provides guidance for operating entities when they enter into a service concession arrangement with a public-sector grantor who both:Leases (Topic 842)
Controls or has. Under the ability to modify or approvenew provisions, all leases, except short-term leases, are recognized on the services to be provided with the infrastructurebalance sheet as right-of-use assets and the related price
Controls, through ownership, beneficial entitlement, or otherwise, any residual interest in the infrastructure at the end of the term of the arrangement.
In a service concession arrangement within the scope of Topic 853, the operating entity should not accountlease liabilities for the infrastructure as a lease or as property, plant, and equipment. An operating entity should referobligation to other Topics to account for various aspects of a service concession arrangement. For example, an operating entity should account for revenue relating to construction, upgrade, or operation services in accordance with Topic 606,make payments under such leases. Bunge has elected the amended transition approach provided by ASU 2018-11, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
The amendments in this ASU apply to the accounting by operating entities for service concession arrangements within the scope of Topic 853. These updates will be effective when Bunge adopts the updates to Topic 606 on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Bunge's consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock CompensationLeases (Topic 718)842): Scope of Modification Accounting. The new guidance requires an entity to apply modification accounting to share-based payment awards only if the fair value, vesting conditions, or classification of the award as equity or liability changes as a result of a change in terms or conditions of the award. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in the ASU should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Bunge's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit CostTargeted Improvements, which changes the presentation of net periodic benefit cost relatedallows entities to employer sponsored defined benefit plans and other postretirement benefits. Service cost should be included in the same income statement line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period, while other components of net periodic benefit pension cost should be presented separately outside of operating income. Additionally, only service costs may be capitalized in assets. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. Entities should apply the guidance on the presentationas of the components of net periodic benefit cost in the income statement retrospectively. The guidance limiting the capitalization of net periodic benefit cost in assets to the service cost component should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Bunge’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. The new guidance clarifies the scope of Subtopic 610-20 on the sale or transfer of nonfinancial assets to noncustomers, including partial sales. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The new requirements may be implemented either retrospectively to each period presented in the financial statements, or retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings at the date of initial application. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Bunge’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment testapplication by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for annual or interim impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The new requirements should be implemented on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Bunge’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendments provide that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. Otherwise, to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The new requirements should be implemented on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Bunge’s consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB amended ASC (Topic 605) Revenue Recognition and created ASC (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. During 2016, the FASB issued additional implementation guidance and practical expedients in ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers(Topic 606),Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers(Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, and ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to improve the guidance. The changes will be effective with respect to Bunge as of January 1, 2018 and it is expected that the modified retrospective approach will be applied withrecognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings. Management has completed itsearnings, with no retrospective adjustments. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients that permits the Company to not reassess under the new standard prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs, as well as the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components in accounting for all classes of underlying assets. Upon adoption, assessmentthe Company recorded $1,006 million of operating lease assets and does not expect$962 million of operating lease liabilities. Included in Operating lease assets at January 1, 2019 was $44 million of prepaid lease balances that were reclassified from Other non-current assets.
On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU allows a material impact on Bunge's resultsreclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act"). Consequently, the ASU eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and will improve the usefulness of operations,information reported to financial position or cash flows. This is due to the fact that the majority of Bunge's revenue streams apply fair value accounting and are not within the scope ofstatement users. However, because this guidance and for revenue streams within the scope of this guidance, the current timing and measurement of revenue recognition is not expected to change significantly. Topic 606 also requires expanded disclosure, particularly as itASU only relates to the disclosurereclassification of segment revenues.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements - In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-17: Consolidation (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties That Are under Common Control, which provides that a single decision maker is not required to consider indirect interests held through related parties that are under common control with the decision maker to be equivalents of direct interests in their entity. Bunge adopted this ASU upon its effective date of January 1, 2017 and the adoption did not have a material impact on Bunge's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classificationeffects of awards as either equitythe Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or liabilities, an optionrates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The Company's stranded tax effects relate to recognize gross stock compensation expenseunrecognized costs associated with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications onpension plans for which the statement of cash flows. Bunge adoptedtax benefit was initially recorded to AOCI. Absent this ASU, the Company's policy is to release stranded tax effects upon its effective date of January 1, 2017 andthe pension plans' termination. Upon the adoption did not have a material impact on Bunge's consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires entities that measure inventory using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Bunge adopted this ASU, upon its effective datethe Company elected to reclassify the income tax effects of January 1, 2017the Tax Act, resulting in a decrease to AOCI and the adoption did not have a material impact on Bunge's consolidated financial statements.an increase to retained earnings of $21 million.    

3.     GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS PROGRAM
In July 2017, Bunge announced a comprehensive global competitiveness program (“GCP”) to improve its cost position and deliver increased value to shareholders. The GCP will, among other things, rationalize Bunge’s cost structure and reengineershareholders (the “Global Competitiveness Program”). When fully implemented, the way the company operates in orderGlobal Competitiveness Program is expected to reduce the Company’s overhead costs. Onecosts by approximately $250 million annually by the end of the GCP’s2019. The Company identified key objectiveselements of its strategy to meet this goal, including adopting a zero-based budgeting process that will be to streamlinetarget excess costs in specific budget categories and improving efficiency and scalability by simplifying organizational structures, streamlining processes and consolidateconsolidating back office functions globally. In conjunction with the Global Competitiveness Program, the Company has implemented other cost reduction and strategic initiatives to improveenhance the efficiency and scalability.performance of the Company’s business.
The GCP will comprise restructuring initiatives that may include the sale or disposal of long-lived assets, reduction of workforce and rationalization of certain investments. As Bunge continues to review its opportunities, certain charges may be recorded in earnings, including severance and other employee benefit costs, other costs related to the disposal of assets or investments and costs related to professional services.
The table below sets forth, by segment, the types of costs recorded for the GCP during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.Global Competitiveness Program.
Three Months Ended March 31,
Severance and Other Disposal of Assets Professional Total2019 2018
(US$ in millions)Employee Benefit Costsor InvestmentsServicesChargesSeverance and Other Employee Benefit Costs Consulting and Professional Services Other Program Costs Total Program Costs Severance and Other Employee Benefit Costs Consulting and Professional Services Total Program Costs
Agribusiness Segment$4
 $17
 $3
 $24
$2
 $2
 $1
 $5
 $5
 $6
 $11
Edible Oils Segment2
 1
 1
 4
1
 1
 
 2
 1
 1
 2
Milling Segment1
 1
 1
 3

 
 
 
 1
 1
 2
Sugar and Bioenergy Segment
 1
 1
 2
(1) 
 
 (1) 
 1
 1
Total$7
 $20
 $6
 $33
$2
 $3
 $1
 $6
 $7
 $9
 $16
In addition to the above charges, nil and $1 million of severance and other employee benefit costs were recorded related to other industrial productivity initiatives for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the

three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 costs recorded above, $2nil and $3 million, respectively, were recorded in Cost of goods sold $18and $6 million and $14 million, respectively, were recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses, and $13 million were recorded in Other income (expense) - net.expenses.

On September 27, 2017, as partBunge's liability associated with the Global Competitiveness Program and other associated initiatives is primarily comprised of accruals for severance and other employee benefit costs. The following table sets forth the GCP, Bunge offered a voluntary early retirement program to certain U.S. based salaried employees. Those employees had until October 31, 2017 to accept or declineactivity affecting the offer. For those employees who accepted, Bunge will recognizeliability for severance and other employee benefit costs related to the Global Competitiveness Program and other associated initiatives, which is recorded in Other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(US$ in millions)
Severance and Other Employee Benefit Costs
Balance at January 1, 2019 $3
Charges incurred 2
Cash payments (2)
Balance at March 31, 2019 $3

In addition to the cash charges described above, the Company's restructuring initiatives may include the sale or disposal of long-lived assets and rationalization of certain investments. As Bunge continues to review its opportunities, certain gains and charges may be recorded in earnings, including those related to the disposal of assets or investments. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, nil and $1 million, respectively, of such gains have been recognized.

4.     LEASES
Bunge routinely leases storage facilities, transportation equipment, land, and office facilities which are typically classified as operating leases. The accounting for some of Bunge's leases may require significant judgment when determining whether a contract is or contains a lease, the lease term, and the likelihood of renewal or termination options. Leases with an initial term of more than 12 months are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets (Operating lease assets) and lease liabilities for the obligation to make payments under such leases (Current operating lease obligations and Non-current operating lease obligations). As of the lease commencement date, the lease liability is initially measured as the present value of lease payments not yet paid. The lease asset is initially measured equal to the lease liability and adjusted for lease payments made at or before lease commencement (e.g., prepaid rent), lease incentives, and any initial direct costs. Over time, the lease liability is reduced for lease payments made and the lease asset is reduced through expense, classified as either Cost of goods sold or Selling, general and administrative expense depending upon the nature of the lease. Lease assets are subject to review for impairment in a manner consistent with Property, plant and equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less (“short-term leases”) are not recorded on the balance sheet, and lease expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company’s leases range in length of term, with an average remaining lease term of 6.4 years, but with certain land leases continuing for up to 94 years. Additionally, certain leases contain renewal options that can extend the lease term up to an additional 5 years. Renewal options are generally exercisable solely at the Company’s discretion. When a renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised, such additional terms are considered when calculating the associated operating lease asset and liability. When determining the lease liability at commencement of the lease, the present value of lease payments is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate determined using a portfolio approach and the Company’s incremental cost of debt, adjusted to arrive to the rate in the applicable country and for the applicable term of the lease, as the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable. As of March 31, 2019, such weighted average discount rate was 6.8%.
Certain of the Company’s freight supply agreements for ocean freight vessels and rail cars, as well as land leases associated with agricultural partnership agreements for the production of sugarcane, may include rental payments that are variable in nature. Variable payments on time charter agreements for ocean freight vessels under freight supply agreements are dependent on then current market daily hire rates. Variable payments for certain rail cars can be based on volumes, and in some cases, benchmark interest rates. Payments under the Company's agricultural partnership agreements in Brazil are dependent on the quantity of sugarcane produced per hectare, the total recoverable sugar ("ATR") per ton of sugarcane produced, and the price for each kilogram of ATR as determined by Consecana, the state of São Paulo sugarcane, sugar and ethanol council. Such variable payments are not included in the calculation of the associated operating lease asset or liability subsequent to the inception date of the associated lease and are recorded as expense in the period in which the adjustment to the variable payment obligation is incurred. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements related to railcars and barges contain residual value guarantees (see Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies). None of the Company’s lease agreements contain material restrictive covenants.

The components of lease expense were as follows:
(US$ in millions) Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost $80
Short-term lease cost 152
Variable lease cost 3
Sublease income (30)
Total lease cost $205

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
(US$ in millions) 
Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:  
       Operating cash flows from operating leases $79
Supplemental noncash information:  
       Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $70
Maturities of lease liabilities for operating leases as of March 31, 2019, are as follows:
(US$ in millions) 
Remaining in 2019 $215
2020 237
2021 197
2022 157
2023 117
Thereafter 289
Total lease payments (1)
 1,212
Less imputed interest 248
Present value of lease liabilities $964

(1) Minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease income receipts of $42 million due in future periods under non-cancelable subleases. Non-cancelable subleases primarily relate to an agreement with a third party for the use of a portion of a port terminal facility with a remaining sublease term of approximately $36 million5 years, as well as an agreement with an unconsolidated joint venture in which Bunge subleases rail cars with remaining sublease terms of approximately three to four years. Additionally, Bunge may enter into re-let agreements to sell the right to use ocean freight vessels under time charter agreements when excess capacity is available.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company has additional operating leases for freight supply agreements on ocean freight vessels, that have not yet commenced, of $162 million. These operating leases will commence in 2019 and 2020, with lease terms of up to seven years.











Prior year lease disclosures
The following pertains to previously disclosed information from Note 21, Commitments and contingencies and Note 26, Lease commitments, contained in Bunge's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which incorporates information about leases now in scope of ASC 842, Leases, disclosed above.
Operating lease for storage facilities, transportation equipment and office facilities—Future minimum lease payments by year and in the fourth quarteraggregate under non-cancelable operating leases with initial term of 2017.one year or more at December 31, 2018 are as follows:
(US$ in millions) 
2019$134
2020107
202184
202258
202348
Thereafter126
Total (1)
$557
(1) Minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease income receipts of $43 million due in future periods under non-cancelable subleases.
Freight Supply Agreements—In the ordinary course of business, Bunge enters into time charter agreements for the use of ocean freight vessels for the purpose of transporting agricultural commodities. In addition, Bunge sells the right to use these ocean freight vessels when excess freight capacity is available. These agreements generally range from two months to approximately seven years. Future minimum payment obligations due under these agreements as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:
(US$ in millions) 
2019$172
2020 and 2021176
2022 and 2023121
2024 and thereafter37
Total$506

4.BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
On September 12, 2017, Bunge announced that it entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a 70% ownership interest in IOI Loders Croklaan ("Loders") from IOI Corporation Berhad ("IOI") for approximately $946 million, comprising €297 million and $595 million in cash. The transaction expands Bunge's value-added capabilities, reach, and scale across core geographies to establish Bunge as a global leader in B2B oil solutions. Loders' portfolio includes a full range of palm and tropical oil-derived products with strength in confectionery, bakery and infant nutrition applications. Loders serves global food industry customers in more than 100 countries around the world. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2018, subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of required regulatory approvals and the approval of a majority of IOI shareholders.
On February 28, 2017, Bunge acquired two oilseed processing plants and related operations in the Netherlands and France pursuant to an agreement with Cargill, Inc. Bunge paid a total purchase price of approximately $322 million. The purchase price allocation resulted in $109 million allocated to property, plant and equipment, $103 million to other net assets

and liabilities and $7 million to finite-lived intangible assets. The transaction also resulted in $103 million of goodwill allocated to Bunge’s agribusiness operations.5.    TRADE STRUCTURED FINANCE PROGRAM
5.TRADE STRUCTURED FINANCE PROGRAM
Bunge engages in various trade structured finance activities to leverage the value of its trade flows across its operating regions. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016, the2018, net returns from these activities were $27$5 million and $45$8 million, respectively, and were included as a reduction of cost of goods sold in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income. These activities include programs under which Bunge generally obtains U.S. dollar-denominated letters of credit (“LCs”) (each, each based on an underlying commodity trade flow)flow, from financial institutions and time deposits denominated in either the local currency of the financial institutions' counterparties or in U.S. dollars, as well as foreign exchange forward contracts, and other programs in which trade related payables are set-off against receivables, all of which are subject to legally enforceable set-off agreements.
The table below summarizes the assets and liabilities included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the associated fair value amounts at September 30, 2017As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016, related to the program.  The fair values approximated the carrying amount of the related financial instruments.
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Current assets:  
  
Carrying value of time deposits $
 $64
Fair value (Level 2 measurement) of time deposits $
 $64
     
Non-current assets:    
Carrying value of time deposits $313
 $464
Fair value (Level 2 measurement) of time deposits $313
 $464
     
Current liabilities:    
Carrying value of letters of credit obligations $313
 $528
Fair value (Level 2 measurement) of letters of credit obligations $313
 $528
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016,2018, time deposits and LCs of $6,766$4,543 million and $5,732$4,729 million, respectively, were presented net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the criteria of ASC 210-20, Offsetting, had been met. Additionally, as of September 30, 2017At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016, receivables and trade payables of $896 million and nil, respectively, were presented net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the criteria of ASC 210-20, Offsetting, had been met. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016,2018, time deposits, including those presented on a net basis, carried weighted-average interest rates of 2.84%3.82% and 2.36%3.76%, respectively. During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, total net proceeds from issuances of LCs were $5,889$1,117 million and $5,165$1,488 million, respectively. These cash inflows are offset by

the related cash outflows resulting from placement of the time deposits and repayment of the LCs. All cash flows related to the programs are included in operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

6.INVENTORIES
Inventories by segment are presented below. Readily marketable inventories (“RMI”) are agricultural commodity inventories, such as soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, corn, and wheat carried at fair value because of their commodity characteristics, widely available markets, and international pricing mechanisms.  Bunge engages in trading and distribution, or merchandising activities, and part of RMI can be attributable to such activities and is not held for processing. All other inventories are carried at lower of cost or net realizable value.

(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Agribusiness (1)
 $4,536
 $3,741
 $4,623
 $4,551
Edible Oil Products (2)
 442
 404
 731
 742
Milling Products 187
 167
 243
 220
Sugar and Bioenergy (3)
 583
 406
 253
 280
Fertilizer 100
 55
 88
 78
Total $5,848
 $4,773
 $5,938
 $5,871
 
(1)Includes RMI of $4,398$4,372 million and $3,593$4,365 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.  Of these amounts, $3,351$3,360 million and $2,523$3,300 million can be attributable to merchandising activities at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.
(2)Includes RMI of bulk soybean and canola oil in the aggregate amount of $109$97 million and $123$88 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.
(3)Includes sugar RMI of $195$33 million and $139$79 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively. Of these amounts, $189$27 million and $139$74 million can be attributable to merchandising activities at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.

7.OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Other current assets consist of the following:
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Unrealized gains on derivative contracts, at fair value $1,024
 $1,327
 $1,014
 $1,071
Prepaid commodity purchase contracts (1)
 418
 273
 238
 253
Secured advances to suppliers, net (2)
 377
 601
 301
 257
Recoverable taxes, net 459
 467
 473
 500
Margin deposits 277
 251
 248
 348
Marketable securities, at fair value and other short-term investments 544
 94
Marketable securities, at fair value, and other short-term investments 343
 162
Deferred purchase price receivable, at fair value (3)
 123
 87
 97
 128
Income taxes receivable 235
 181
 48
 102
Prepaid expenses 147
 148
 144
 165
Other 277
 216
 214
 185
Total $3,881
 $3,645
 $3,120
 $3,171
 
(1)Prepaid commodity purchase contracts represent advance payments against contracts for future delivery of specified quantities of agricultural commodities.

(2)Bunge provides cash advances to suppliers, primarily Brazilian farmers of soybeans and sugarcane, to finance a portion of the suppliers’ production costs.  Bunge does not bear any of the costs or operational risks associated with the related growing crops.  The advances are largely collateralized by future crops and physical assets of the suppliers, carry a local market interest rate, and settle when the farmer’s crop is harvested and sold.  The secured advances to farmers are reported net of allowances of $1 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and $1 million at December 31, 2016. There were no significant changes in the allowance at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.2018.
Interest earned on secured advances to suppliers of $7 million and $7$10 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016, respectively, and $34 million and $25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016,2018, respectively, is included in net sales in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
(3)Deferred purchase price receivable represents additional credit support for the investment conduits in Bunge’s accountstrade receivables salessecuritization program (see Note 13)14).

Marketable Securities and Other Short-Term Investments - Bunge invests in foreign government securities, corporate debt securities, deposits, and other securities. The following is a summary of amounts recorded onin the condensed consolidated balance sheets for marketable securities and other short-term investments.
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Foreign government securities $521
 $28
 $61
 $55
Corporate debt securities 21
 57
 115
 91
Certificate of deposits/time deposits 
 7
Certificates of deposit/time deposits 164
 15
Other 2
 2
 3
 1
Total marketable securities and other short-term investments $544
 $94
Total $343
 $162
As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, total marketable securities and other short-term investments includes $1$176 million of assets classified as available for sale, $541that are recorded at fair value and $167 million as trading and $2 million asof other short-term investments. As of December 31, 2016,2018, total marketable securities and other short-term investments includes $22$144 million of assets classified as available for sale, $63 million as tradingthat are recorded at fair value and $9$18 million as other short-term investments. Held-to-maturity foreign government and corporate debt securities and certificate of deposits/time deposits are expected to be converted to cash within a twelve month period and are therefore classified as current. Due to the short termshort-term nature of these investments, carrying value approximates fair value.

8.OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Other non-current assets consist of the following:
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Recoverable taxes, net (1)
 $142
 $139
 $156
 $112
Judicial deposits (1)
 143
 129
 116
 115
Other long-term receivables 13
 23
 6
 8
Income taxes receivable (1)
 294
 261
 230
 221
Long-term investments 63
 54
 85
 91
Affiliate loans receivable 26
 25
 29
 29
Long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil, net (1)
 148
 133
 91
 93
Other 186
 163
 108
 154
Total $1,015
 $927
 $821
 $823
 
(1)These non-current assets arise primarily from Bunge’s Brazilian operations and their realization could take several years.
Recoverable taxes, net - Recoverable taxes are reported net of allowances of $29$27 million and $32$27 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.
Judicial deposits - Judicial deposits are funds that Bunge has placed on deposit with the courts in Brazil. These funds are held in judicial escrow relating to certain legal proceedings pending legal resolution and bear interest at the SELIC rate, which is the benchmark rate of the Brazilian central bank.

Income taxes receivable - Income taxes receivable includes overpayments of current income taxes plus accrued interest. These income tax prepayments are expected to be primarily utilized for settlement of future income tax obligations. Income taxes receivable in Brazil bear interest at the SELIC rate.
Affiliate loans receivable - Affiliate loans receivable are primarily interest bearinginterest-bearing receivables from unconsolidated affiliates with a remaining maturity of greater than one year.
Long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil, net of reserves - Bunge provides financing to farmers in Brazil, primarily through secured advances against farmer commitments to deliver agricultural commodities (primarily soybeans) upon harvest of the then-current year’s crop and through credit sales of fertilizer to farmers. Certain of such long-term receivables from farmers are originally recorded in other current assets as prepaid commodity contracts or secured advances to suppliers (see Note 7) and reclassified to other non-current assets when collection issues with farmers arise and amounts become past due and resolution of matters is expected to take more than one year.

The average recorded investment in long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 20162018 was $263$203 million and $235$215 million, respectively.  The table below summarizes Bunge’s recorded investment in long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil and the related allowance amounts.
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions) 
Recorded
Investment
 Allowance 
Recorded
Investment
 Allowance 
Recorded
Investment
 Allowance 
Recorded
Investment
 Allowance
For which an allowance has been provided:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Legal collection process (1)
 $102
 $87
 $84
 $78
 $105
 $90
 $105
 $89
Renegotiated amounts (2)
 27
 24
 36
 31
 15
 15
 17
 17
For which no allowance has been provided:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Legal collection process (1)
 77
 
 60
 
 48
 
 51
 
Renegotiated amounts (2)
 21
 
 16
 
 9
 
 10
 
Other long-term receivables 32
 
 46
 
 19
 
 16
 
Total $259
 $111
 $242
 $109
 $196
 $105
 $199
 $106
(1)All amounts in legal process are considered past due upon initiation of legal action.
(2)All renegotiated amounts are current on repayment terms.
The table below summarizes the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts related to long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions) 2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
Beginning balance $109
 $111
 $109
 $100
$106
 $113
Bad debt provisions 
 
 10
 1
1
 4
Recoveries (3) (2) (11) (11)(1) (1)
Transfers 
 1
 
 1
Foreign exchange translation 5
 (1) 3
 18
(1) 
Ending balance $111
 $109
 $111
 $109
$105
 $116

9.INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense is provided on an interim basis based on management’s estimate of the annual effective income tax rate and includes the tax effects of certain discrete items, such as changes in tax laws or tax rates or other unusual or non-recurring tax adjustments in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The effective tax rate is highly dependent on the geographic distribution of Bunge’s worldwide earnings or losses and tax regulations in each jurisdiction. Management regularly monitors the assumptions used in estimating its annual effective tax rate and adjusts estimates accordingly, including the realizability of deferred tax assets. Volatility in earnings results inwithin a taxing jurisdiction could result in a determination that additional valuation allowance adjustments may be warranted. While management does not currently believe any future valuation allowance adjustments will be significant, the actual results may be different and the impact of such amounts will be recorded in the period in which management's assessment changes.

For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, income tax expense related to continuing operations was $2$38 million and $118$19 million, respectively, resulting inrespectively. The effective tax rates for the first quarters of 1%2019 and 19%. The year-to-date effective tax2018 were higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 1% in 2017 was21% primarily due to certain discrete items, including an income tax benefit of $32 million for a favorable resolution of income tax matters in Asia and an income tax benefit of $17 million related to a tax election in South America. The 2016 year-to-date effective tax rate of 19% was driven primarily by discrete items, including an income tax benefit of $60 million recorded for a change in estimate resulting from a tax election for North America and an income tax benefit of $11 million recorded for income tax refund claims in Europe, partially offset by an income tax charge of $(32) million recorded for an uncertain tax position related to Asia. Excluding the effect of these discrete items noted above, Bunge's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, was 22% and 26%, respectively. The reduction in the effective tax rate

from 2016 to 2017, taking into account an exclusion of the discrete tax items noted above, is primarily attributable to favorableunfavorable earnings mix and increased tax exempt income.
Bunge believes that it is reasonably possible that approximately $25 million of its unrecognized tax benefits may be recognized within the next twelve months as a result of the lapse of statute of limitations, or settlementassociated with the tax authorities.pretax losses in certain jurisdictions.
As a global enterprise, Bunge files income tax returns that are subject to periodic examination and challenge by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. In many jurisdictions, income tax examinations, including settlement negotiations or litigation, may take several years to finalize. While it is difficult to predict the final outcome or timing of resolution of any particular matter, management believes that the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.

10.OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other current liabilities consist of the following:
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, at fair value $1,054
 $1,203
 $763
 $1,192
Accrued liabilities 663
 548
 517
 618
Advances on sales 196
 395
 310
 405
Other 284
 330
 250
 287
Total $2,197
 $2,476
 $1,840
 $2,502

11.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Bunge’s various financial instruments include certain componentsThe fair value standard describes three levels within its hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value.
LevelDescriptionFinancial Instrument (Assets / Liabilities)
Level 1Quoted price (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Exchange traded derivative contracts.

Marketable securities in active markets.
Level 2Observable inputs, including adjusted Level 1 quotes, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are less active than traded exchanges and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.Readily marketable inventories.

Over-the-counter (‘‘OTC’’) commodity purchase and sale contracts.

OTC derivatives whose value is determined using pricing models with inputs that are generally based on exchange traded prices, adjusted for location specific inputs that are primarily observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Marketable securities in less active markets.
Level 3Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are a significant component of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Assets and liabilities whose value is determined using proprietary pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques.

Assets and liabilities for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
In many cases, a valuation technique used to measure fair value includes inputs from multiple levels of working capital such as cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable.  Additionally, Bunge uses short and long-term debt to fund operating requirements.  Cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and short-term debt are stated at their carryingthe fair value which is a reasonable estimate of fair value.  See Note 13 for deferred purchase price receivable (“DPP”) related to sales of trade receivables, Note 8 for long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil, net and other long-term investments and Note 12 for long-term debt. Bunge’s financial instruments also include derivative instruments and marketable securities, which are stated at fair value.
hierarchy. The majority of Bunge’s exchange traded agricultural commodity futures are settled daily, generally through its clearing subsidiary and therefore, such futures are not included in the table below.  Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is a significant component of the fair value measurement.  The lowest levelmeasurement determines the placement of the entire fair value measurement in the hierarchy. Bunge’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the classification of fair value assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy levels.
Bunge’s policy regarding the timing of transfers between levels, including both transfers into and transfers out of Level 3, is considered Level 3.to measure and record the transfers at the end of the reporting period.
For a further definition of fair value and the associated fair value levels, refer to the Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements footnote included in Bunge's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table sets forth, by level, Bunge’s assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis.
 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Readily marketable inventories (Note 6) $
 $4,133
 $569
 $4,702
 $
 $3,618
 $237
 $3,855
 $
 $3,869
 $633
 $4,502
 $
 $4,286
 $246
 $4,532
Trade accounts receivable (1)
 
 6
 
 6
 
 6
 
 6
Unrealized gain on designated derivative contracts(2):
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
Interest rate 
 
 
 
 
 1
 
 1
Foreign exchange 
 25
 
 25
 
 29
 
 29
Unrealized gain on undesignated derivative contracts (2):
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Unrealized gain on derivative contracts (1):
      
  
  
  
  
  
Interest rate 
 
 
 
 
 1
 
 1
 
 19
 
 19
 
 6
 
 6
Foreign exchange 
 416
 
 416
 
 312
 
 312
 
 443
 
 443
 
 473
 
 473
Commodities 107
 406
 19
 532
 421
 431
 96
 948
 64
 422
 27
 513
 128
 407
 18
 553
Freight 25
 
 6
 31
 16
 
 
 16
 15
 
 4
 19
 6
 
 6
 12
Energy 20
 
 
 20
 23
 1
 
 24
 34
 
 
 34
 30
 
 
 30
Deferred purchase price receivable (Note 13 ) 
 123
 
 123
 
 87
 
 87
Other (3)
 14
 684
 
 698
 18
 108
 
 126
Credit 
 1
 
 1
 






Deferred purchase price receivable (Note 14) 
 97
 
 97
 
 128
 
 128
Other (2)
 96
 100
 
 196
 67
 98
 
 165
Total assets $166
 $5,793
 $594
 $6,553
 $478
 $4,594
 $333
 $5,405
 $209
 $4,951
 $664
 $5,824
 $231
 $5,398
 $270
 $5,899
Liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Trade accounts payable (1)
 $
 $676
 $249
 $925
 $
 $478
 $44
 $522
Unrealized loss on designated derivative contracts (4):
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Interest rate 
 20
 
 20
 
 18
 
 18
Unrealized loss on undesignated derivative contracts (4):
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Trade accounts payable (3)
 $
 $449
 $397
 $846
 $
 $394
 $47
 $441
Unrealized loss on derivative contracts (4):
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Interest rate 
 1
 
 1
 
 
 
 
 
 24
 
 24
 
 42
 
 42
Foreign exchange 
 419
 
 419
 
 233
 
 233
 
 398
 
 398
 
 499
 
 499
Commodities 141
 432
 20
 593
 356
 444
 144
 944
 49
 229
 26
 304
 152
 446
 23
 621
Freight 19
 
 5
 24
 14
 
 1
 15
 21
 
 5
 26
 13
 
 6
 19
Energy 14
 
 3
 17
 9
 
 2
 11
 26
 
 2
 28
 43
 
 1
 44
Equity 1





1
 






Total liabilities $174
 $1,548
 $277
 $1,999
 $379
 $1,173
 $191
 $1,743
 $97
 $1,100
 $430
 $1,627
 $208
 $1,381
 $77
 $1,666
 
(1)Trade accounts receivable and payableUnrealized gains on derivative contracts are generally stated at historical amounts, net of write-offs and allowances, with the exception of $6included in other current assets. There were $15 million and $925$3 million respectively,included in other non-current assets at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and $6 million and $522 million, respectively, at December 31, 2016, related to certain delivered inventory for which2018, respectively.
(2)Other includes the receivablefair values of marketable securities and payable fluctuate based on changesinvestments in commodity prices. other current assets and other non-current assets.
(3)These receivables and payables are hybrid financial instruments for which Bunge has elected the fair value option.
(2)Unrealized gains on designated and undesignated derivative contracts are generally included in other current assets. There are nil and $5 million included in other non-current assets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(3)Other includes the fair values of marketable securities and investments in other current assets and other non-current assets.

(4)Unrealized losses on designated and undesignated derivative contracts are generally included in other current liabilities. There are $20$18 million and $18$33 million included in other non-current liabilities at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.
Readily marketable inventories—RMI reported at fair value are valued based on commodity futures exchange quotations, broker or dealer quotations, or market transactions in either listed or OTC markets with appropriate adjustments for differences in local markets where Bunge's inventories are located. In such cases, the inventory is classified within Level 2. Certain inventories may utilize significant unobservable data related to local market adjustments to determine fair value. In such cases, the inventory is classified as Level 3.
If Bunge used different methods or factors to determine fair values, amounts reported as unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and RMI at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income could differ. Additionally, if market conditions change subsequent to the reporting date, amounts reported in future periods as unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and RMI at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income could differ.
Derivatives—Exchange traded futures and options contracts and exchange cleared contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified within Level 1. The majority of the Bunge’s exchange-traded agricultural commodity futures are cash-settled on a daily basis and, therefore, are not included in these tables. Bunge's forward

commodity purchase and sale contracts are classified as derivatives along with other OTC derivative instruments relating primarily to freight, energy, foreign exchange and interest rates, and are classified within Level 2 or Level 3 as described below. Bunge estimates fair values based on exchange quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for differences in local markets. These differences are generally valued using inputs from broker or dealer quotations, or market transactions in either the listed or OTC markets. In such cases, these derivative contracts are classified within Level 2.
OTC derivative contracts include swaps, options and structured transactions that are valued atgenerally fair value generally determinedvalued using quantitative models that require the use of multiple market inputs including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets which are not highly active, other observable inputs relevant to the asset or liability, and market inputs corroborated by correlation or other means. These valuation models include inputs such as interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors. Where observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, the instrument is categorized in Level 2. Certain OTC derivatives trade in less active markets with less availability of pricing information and certain structured transactions can require internally developed model inputs that might not be observable in or corroborated by the market.  When unobservable inputs have a significant impact on the measurement of fair value, the
Level 3 Measurements
The following relates to Level 3 measurements. An instrument is categorized in Level 3.
Exchange traded or cleared derivative contracts are classified in Level 1. Transfers of assets and liabilities into and/or out of Level 1 occur infrequently.  Transfers into Level 1 would generally only be expected to occur when an exchange cleared derivative contract historically valued using a valuation model as the result of a lack of observable inputs becomes sufficiently observable, resulting in the valuation price being essentially the exchange traded price.  There were no significant transfersmay transfer into or out of Level 1 during the periods presented.
Readily marketable inventories — RMI reported at fair value are valued based on commodity futures exchange quotations, broker3 due to inputs becoming either observable or dealer quotations, or market transactions in either listed or OTC markets with appropriate adjustments for differences in local markets where Bunge’s inventories are located. In such cases, the inventory is classified within Level 2.  Certain inventories may utilize significant unobservable data related to local market adjustments to determine fair value. In such cases, the inventory is classified as Level 3.
If Bunge used different methods or factors to determine fair values, amounts reported as unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and RMI at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of income could differ.  Additionally, if market conditions change subsequent to the reporting date, amounts reported in future periods as unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and RMI at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of income could differ.
Level 3 Measurements — Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 represent existing assets or liabilities that were either previously categorized as a higher level for which the inputs to the model became unobservable or assets and liabilities that were previously classified as Level 3 for which the lowest significant input became observable during the period. Bunge’s policy regarding the timing of transfers between levels is to record the transfers at the beginning of the reporting period.
Level 3 Derivatives — Level 3 derivative instruments utilize both market observable and unobservable inputs within the fair value measurements.  These inputs include commodity prices, price volatility, interest rates, volumes and locations.  In addition, with the exception of the exchange cleared instruments, Bunge is exposed to loss in the event of the non-performance by counterparties on OTC derivative instruments and forward purchase and sale contracts.  Adjustments are made to fair values on occasions when non-performance risk is determined to represent a significant input in Bunge’s fair value determination.  These adjustments are based on Bunge’s estimate of the potential loss in the event of counterparty non-performance. Bunge did not have significant adjustments related to non-performance by derivative counterparties at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.unobservable.
Level 3 Readily marketable inventories and other—The significant unobservable inputs resulting in Level 3 classification for RMI, physically settled forward purchase and sale contracts, and trade accounts receivable and payable, net, relate to certain management estimations regarding costs of transportation and other local market or location-related adjustments, primarily freight related adjustments in the interior of Brazil and the lack of market corroborated information in Canada. In both situations, Bunge uses proprietary information such as purchase and sale contracts and contracted prices for

to value freight, premiums and discounts to valuein its contracts. Movements in the price of these unobservable inputs alone would not have a material effect on Bunge’sBunge's financial statements as these contracts do not typically exceed one future crop cycle.
Level 3 Derivatives—Level 3 derivative instruments utilize both market observable and unobservable inputs within the fair value measurements. These inputs include commodity prices, price volatility, interest rates, volumes and locations.
The tables below present reconciliations for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016.2018.  These instruments were valued using pricing models that management believes reflect the assumptions that would be used by a marketplace participant.
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(US$ in millions) 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Trade
Accounts
Receivable/
Payable, Net
 Total Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 Derivatives,
Net
 
Trade
Accounts
Payable
 Total
Balance, July 1, 2017 $
 $623
 $(453) $170
Total gains and (losses), realized/unrealized included in cost of goods sold (4) 23
 (2) 17
Balance, January 1, 2019 $246
 $(6) $(47) $193
Total gains and losses (realized/unrealized) included in cost of goods sold (1)
 37
 2
 5
 44
Purchases 3
 233
 (5) 231
 699
 
 (361) 338
Sales 
 (443) 
 (443) (570) 
 
 (570)
Issuances (3) 
 
 (3) 
 
 
 
Settlements (1) 
 214
 213
 
 1
 (21) (20)
Transfers into Level 3 (1) 162
 (4) 157
 276
 1
 27
 304
Transfers out of Level 3 3
 (29) 1
 (25) (55) 
 
 (55)
Balance, September 30, 2017 $(3) $569
 $(249) $317
Balance, March 31, 2019 $633
 $(2) $(397) $234
  Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
(US$ in millions) 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Trade
Accounts
Receivable/
Payable, Net
 Total
Balance, July 1, 2016 $127
 $917
 $(188) $856
Total gains and (losses), realized/unrealized included in cost of goods sold (120) 12
 7
 (101)
Purchases 
 171
 (8) 163
Sales 
 (517) 
 (517)
Issuances 
 
 
 
Settlements (37) 
 95
 58
Transfers into Level 3 (5) 208
 
 203
Transfers out of Level 3 (1) (499) 51
 (449)
Balance, September 30, 2016 $(36) $292
 $(43) $213
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(US$ in millions) 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Trade Accounts
Receivable/
Payable, Net
 Total
Balance, January 1, 2017 $(51) $237
 $(44) $142
Total gains and losses (realized/unrealized) included in cost of goods sold (36) 95
 9
 68
Purchases 8
 1,376
 (460) 924
Sales 
 (1,472) 
 (1,472)
Issuances (8) 
 
 (8)
Settlements 70
 
 305
 375
Transfers into Level 3 (8) 503
 (59) 436
Transfers out of Level 3 22
 (170) 
 (148)
Balance, September 30, 2017 $(3) $569
 $(249) $317
1)Readily marketable inventories, derivatives, net and trade accounts payable, include gains/(losses) of $37 million, $6 million and $5 million, respectively, that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains/(losses) relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2019.

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(US$ in millions) 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Trade Accounts
Receivable/
Payable, Net
 Total Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 Derivatives,
Net
 
Trade
Accounts Payable
 Total
Balance, January 1, 2016 $167
 $245
 $(44) $368
Balance, January 1, 2018 $365
 $2
 $(116) $251
Total gains and losses (realized/unrealized) included in cost of goods sold(1) (87) 143
 15
 71
 63
 (3) 10
 70
Purchases 
 904
 (220) 684
 613
 9
 (248) 374
Sales 
 (1,022) 
 (1,022) (279) 
 
 (279)
Issuances (1) 
 
 (1) 
 (9) 
 (9)
Settlements (110) 
 195
 85
 
 8
 40
 48
Transfers into Level 3 (7) 569
 (59) 503
 124
 (2) (3) 119
Transfers out of Level 3 2
 (547) 70
 (475) (26) 
 
 (26)
Balance, September 30, 2016 $(36) $292
 $(43) $213
Balance, March 31, 2018 $860
 $5
 $(317) $548
The tables below summarize changes1) Readily marketable inventories, derivatives, net and trade accounts payable, includes gains/(losses) of $(3) million, $(12) million and $0 million, respectively, that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains or gains/(losses) recorded in earnings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 forrelating to Level 3 assets and liabilities that werestill held at September 30, 2017 and 2016.
  Three Months Ended
(US$ in millions) 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Trade Accounts
Receivable and
Payable, Net
 Total
Changes in unrealized gains and (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2017  
  
  
  
Cost of goods sold $(2) $11
 $(3) $6
Changes in unrealized gains and (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2016  
  
  
  
Cost of goods sold $(127) $(12) $2
 $(137)
  Nine Months Ended
(US$ in millions) 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Trade Accounts
Receivable and
Payable, Net
 Total
Changes in unrealized gains and (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2017  
  
  
  
Cost of goods sold $(6) $(19) $3
 $(22)
Changes in unrealized gains and (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2016  
  
  
  
Cost of goods sold $9
 $(26) $1
 $(16)
Derivative Instruments
Interest rate derivatives — Bunge may use various interest rate derivatives for the purpose of managing certain of its interest rate exposures. The interest rate swaps used by Bunge as hedging instruments have been recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Additionally, the carrying amount of the associated hedged debt is adjusted through earnings for changes in the fair value arising from changes in benchmark interest rates. No ineffectiveness is recognized on the hedging relationships, as they have been determined to be perfectly effective.

As of September 30, 2017, Bunge had several fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements that were designated as fair value hedges. Below is a summary of Bunge’s current interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedging instruments as of September 30, 2017.
Notional
Amount of
Hedged Obligation

Notional
Amount of
Derivative

Maturity Date
Payment
Weighted Average
Rate Payable

Fixed Rate
Receivable
$500
 $500
 November 24, 2020 3 month LIBOR plus 1.91% 3.50%
800
 800
 June 16, 2023 6 month EURIBOR plus 1.64% 1.85%
$550
 $550
 August 15, 2026 3 month LIBOR plus 1.12% 3.25%
Bunge may also enter into various interest rate derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting and, therefore, Bunge has not designated these as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. These interest rate derivatives have been recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Below is a summary of Bunge's outstanding interest rate derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting.March 31, 2018.
 September 30, 2017
Exchange Traded
Net (Short)Non-exchange TradedUnit of
(US$ in millions)& Long(Short)LongMeasure
Interest Rate        
Swaps
(1,574)
Notional
Forward Rate Agreements12.
(800)
NotionalDERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
Bunge uses derivative instruments to manage several market risks, such as interest rate, foreign currency rate, and commodity risk. Some of those hedges Bunge enter into qualify for hedge accounting in the financial statements (Hedge Accounting Derivatives) and some, while intended as economic hedges, do not qualify (Economic Hedge Derivatives). As these impact the financial statements in different ways, they are discussed separately below.
Hedge Accounting Derivatives - Bunge uses derivatives in qualifying hedge accounting relationships to manage certain of its interest rate and foreign currency risks. In executing these hedge strategies, Bunge primarily relies on the shortcut and critical terms match methods in designing its hedge accounting strategy, which results in little to no net earnings impact for these hedge relationships. Bunge monitors these relationships on a quarterly basis and will perform a quantitative analysis to validate the assertion that the hedges are highly effective if there are changes to the hedged item or hedging derivative.
Fair value hedges - These derivatives are used to hedge the effect of interest rate and currency exchange rate changes on certain long-term debt. Under hedge accounting, the derivative is measured at fair value and the carrying value of hedged debt is adjusted for the change in value related to the exposure being hedged, with both adjustments offset to earnings. In other words, the earnings effect of an increase in the fair value of the derivative will be substantially offset by the earnings effect of the increase in the carrying value of the hedged debt. The net impact of hedge accounting for interest rate swaps is recognized in Interest expense. For cross currency swaps the changes in currency risk on the derivative are recognized in Foreign exchange derivativesgains (losses), and hedging activitiesthe changes in interest rate risk are recognized in Interest expense. Changes in basis risk are held in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized through the coupon.
Cash flow hedges of currency risk - Bunge manages currency risk on certain forecasted purchases, sales, and selling, general and administrative expenses with currency forwards. The change in the value of the forward is classified in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the transaction affects earnings, at which time the change in value of the currency forward is reclassified to Net sales, Cost of goods sold or Selling, general and administrative expenses. These hedges mature at various times through November 2020. Of the amount currently in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), $0 million is expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months.
Net investment hedges - Bunge may use a combinationhedges the currency risk of various foreign exchange derivatives to mitigate the risk from exchange rate fluctuations in connection with certain commercial and balance sheet exposures. The foreign exchange forward and option contracts may be designated as cash flow hedges. Bunge may also use net investment hedges to partially offset the translation adjustments arising from the remeasurement of its investments in certain of its foreign subsidiaries.
Foreign exchangesubsidiaries with currency forwards and intercompany loans for which the currency risk is also managedremeasured through the use of foreign currency debt. Bunge has 800 million euro senior unsecured euro-denominated notes of which 697 million euro is designated and is effective as a net investment hedge of euro-denominated assets. Accordingly, foreign currency transaction gains or losses due to spot rate fluctuations on the euro-denominated debt instruments are included in foreign currency translation adjustment withinAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI").
Bunge assesses, both at For currency forwards, the inceptionforward method is used. The change in the value of the hedge relationship and on an ongoing basis, whetherforward is classified in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the derivatives that are used in hedge transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the hedged items. No ineffectiveness is recognized on the hedging relationships that have been determined to be perfectly effective.transaction affects earnings.
The table below summarizesprovides information about the balance sheet values of hedged items and the notional amount of derivatives used in hedging strategies. The notional amount of the derivative is the number of units of the underlying (for example, the notional principal amount of the debt in an interest rate swap). The notional amount is used to compute interest or

other payment streams to be made under the contract and is a measure of Bunge’s level of activity. Bunge discloses derivative notional amounts of open foreign exchange positions.on a gross basis.
  September 30, 2017
  Exchange Traded      
  Net (Short) Non-exchange Traded Unit of
(US$ in millions) & Long (Short) Long Measure
Foreign Exchange  
  
  
  
Options $
 $(368) $430
 Delta
Forwards 
 (10,824) 10,548
 Notional
Futures (10) 

 

 Notional
Swaps 
 (552) 593
 Notional
(US$ in millions)March 31, 2019December 31, 2018
Hedging instrument type:  
Fair value hedges of interest rate risk  
 Carrying value of hedged debt$2,238
$2,229
 Cumulative adjustment to long-term debt from application of hedge accounting$(3)$(29)
 Interest rate swap - notional amount$2,249
$2,266
    
Fair value hedges of currency risk  
 Carrying value of hedged debt$311
$312
 Cross currency swap - notional amount$312
$313
    
Cash flow hedges of currency risk  
 Foreign currency forward - notional amount$81
$50
    
Net investment hedges  
 Foreign currency forward - notional amount$1,503
$1,888
 Carrying value of non-derivative hedging instrument$895
$912
CommodityEconomic Hedge Derivatives -In addition to using derivatives -in qualifying hedge relationships, Bunge uses various commodity derivative instrumentsenters into derivatives to manageeconomically hedge its exposure to movements associated with agricultural commodity prices. Bunge generally uses exchange traded futuresa variety of market risks it incurs in the normal course of operations.
Interest rate derivatives are used to hedge exposures to the Company's financial instrument portfolios and options contracts to minimize the effectsdebt issuances. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is primarily presented in Interest expense.
Currency derivatives are used to hedge the pricesbalance sheet and commercial exposures that arise from the Company's global operations. The impact of agricultural commodities on its agriculturalchanges in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold when hedging commercial exposures and Foreign exchange gains (losses) when hedging monetary exposures.
Agricultural commodity inventoriesderivatives are used primarily to manage the Company's inventory and forward purchase and sale contracts, but may also enter into OTC commodity transactions, including swaps, which are settled in cash at maturity or termination based on exchange-quoted futures prices. Forward purchase and sale contracts are primarily settled through delivery of agricultural commodities. While Bunge considers these exchange traded futures and forward purchase and sale

contracts to be effective economic hedges, Bunge does not designate or account for its commodity contracts as accounting hedges. The forward contracts require performance of both Bunge and the contract counterparty in future periods.sales contracts. Contracts to purchase agricultural commodities generally relate to current or future crop years for delivery periods quoted by regulated commodity exchanges. Contracts for the sale of agricultural commodities generally do not extend beyond one future crop cycle. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold.
The table below summarizes the volumes of open agricultural commodity derivative contracts.
  September 30, 2017
  Exchange Traded      
  Net (Short) Non-exchange Traded Unit of
  & Long (Short) Long Measure
Agricultural Commodities  
  
  
  
Futures 2,244,228
 
 
 Metric Tons
Options 63,027
 
 
 Metric Tons
Forwards 
 (31,604,107) 22,381,787
 Metric Tons
Swaps 
 (6,483,877) 300,458
 Metric Tons
Ocean freight derivativesBunge may useuses derivative instruments referred to as forward freight forward agreements ("FFA") and FFA options to hedge portions of its current and anticipated ocean freight costs. ChangesThe impact of changes in the fair valuesvalue of ocean freight derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recordedthese instruments is presented in earnings. There were no designated accounting hedges at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.Cost of goods sold.
The table below summarizes the open ocean freight positions.
September 30, 2017
Exchange Cleared
Net (Short)Non-exchange ClearedUnit of
& Long(Short)LongMeasure
Ocean Freight


FFA(2,098)

Hire Days
FFA Options315


Hire Days
Energy derivativesBunge may use varioususes energy derivative instruments to manage its exposure to volatility in energy costs. Energy costs incurred in Bunge's operations include electricity,Hedges may be entered into for natural gas, electricity, coal and fuel oil, including bunker fuel. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold.
The Company may also enter into other derivatives, including credit default swaps and equity derivatives to manage exposure to credit risk and broader macroeconomic risks, respectively. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold.
The table below summarizes the openvolume of economic derivatives as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. For those contracts traded bilaterally through the over-the-counter markets (e.g., forwards, forward rate agreements ("FRA") and swaps), the gross position is provided. For exchange traded (e.g., futures, FFAs and options) and cleared positions (e.g., energy positions.swaps), the net position is provided.

September 30, 2017
Exchange Traded / Cleared
Net (Short)Non-exchange TradedUnit of
& Long(Short)Long
Measure (1)
Natural Gas


Futures4,553,161


MMBtus
Swaps

635,687
MMBtus
Energy—Other


Futures351,786


Metric Tons
Forwards

6,048,869
Metric Tons
Swaps227,600


Metric Tons
(1)Million British Thermal Units ("MMBtus") are standard units of measurement used to denote an amount of natural gas.

 March 31,December 31, 
 20192018Unit of
Measure
(US$ in millions)Long(Short)Long(Short)
Interest rate 
  
 
 
   Swaps$6,822
$(87)$3,349
$(111)$ Notional
   Futures$3
$
$
$
$ Notional
   FRAs$
$(258)$139
$(149)$ Notional
Currency     
   Forwards$11,604
$(12,199)$13,713
$(13,701)$ Notional
   Swaps$94
$(144)$127
$(535)$ Notional
   Futures$22
$
$
$(16)$ Notional
   Options$471
$(533)$869
$(919)Delta
Agricultural commodities     
   Forwards24,713,267
(29,186,825)25,523,840
(29,314,930)Metric Tons
   Swaps301,820
(8,173,465)
(9,908,728)Metric Tons
   Futures5,053,778

4,136,525

Metric Tons
   Options
(33,979)718,709

Metric Tons
Ocean freight     
   FFA
(89)
(90)Hire Days
   FFA options148

302

Hire Days
Natural gas     
   Swaps1,169,194

1,205,687

MMBtus
   Futures1,818,332

2,268,190

MMBtus
Energy - other     
   Forwards5,534,290

5,536,290

Metric Tons
   Futures8,541


(29,367)Metric Tons
   Swaps185,400

188,800

Metric Tons
Other     
Swaps and futures$205
$(4,377)$52
$
$ Notional

The Effect of FinancialDerivative Instruments and Hedge Accounting on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
The table below summarizes the net effect of derivative instruments that are designated as fair value hedges and the related hedged items, and also derivative instruments that are undesignatedhedge accounting on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016.2018.
    
Gain or (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative Instruments
    Nine Months Ended September 30,
(US$ in millions) Location 2017 2016
Designated Derivative Contracts:    
  
Interest Rate Interest expense $11
 $3
Total   $11
 $3
Undesignated Derivative Contracts:    
  
Interest Rate Interest income (expense) $
 $(4)
Foreign Exchange Foreign exchange gains (losses) 82
 262
Foreign Exchange Cost of goods sold 62
 646
Commodities Cost of goods sold 514
 (531)
Freight Cost of goods sold 4
 (1)
Energy Cost of goods sold (6) 12
Total   $656
 $384
  Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative Instruments
  Three Months Ended March 31,
(US$ in millions) 20192018
Income statement classificationType of derivative  
Net sales   
Hedge accountingForeign currency$1
$
    
Cost of goods sold   
   Hedge accountingForeign currency$
$
   Economic hedgesForeign currency75
(35)
 Commodities138
(260)
 
Other (1)
28
(7)
     Total Cost of goods sold $241
$(302)
    
Interest expense   
   Hedge accountingInterest rate$(3)$2
   Economic hedgesInterest rate(3)
     Total Interest expense $(6)$2
    
Foreign exchange gains (losses)   
   Hedge accountingForeign currency$(1)$3
   Economic hedgesForeign currency38
(3)
     Total Foreign exchange gains (losses) $37
$
    
Other comprehensive income (loss)   
Gains and losses on derivatives used as cash flow hedges of foreign currency risk included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period$
$2
Gains and losses on derivatives used as net investment hedges included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period$(38)$19
Foreign currency gains and losses on intercompany loans used as net investment hedges included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period$17
$(17)
Gains and losses on derivatives used as fair value hedges of foreign currency risk included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period$(2)$(1)
   
Amounts released from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the period  
   Cash flow hedge of foreign currency risk$1
$3
The table below summarizes(1) Other includes the effect of derivative instruments that are designatedresults from freight, energy and qualify as cash flow and net investment hedges on the condensed consolidated statement of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.other derivatives.
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
  Notional 
Gain or
(Loss)
Recognized in
Accumulated
 
Gain or (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
Income (1)
 
Gain or (Loss) Recognized
in Income on Derivatives
(US$ in millions) Amount 
OCI (1)
 Location Amount Location 
Amount (2)
Cash Flow Hedge:  
  
    
    
Foreign exchange (3)
 $339
 $15
 Foreign exchange gains (losses) $27
 Foreign exchange gains (losses) $
Total $339
 $15
   $27
   $
             
Net Investment Hedge:  
  
    
    
Foreign currency denominated debt (4)
 $786
 $(101) Foreign currency denominated debt $
 Foreign currency denominated debt $
Foreign exchange (3)
 516
 (21) Foreign exchange gains (losses) 
 Foreign exchange gains (losses) 
Total $1,302
 $(122)   $
   $
(1)The gain (loss) recognized in OCI relates to the effective portion of the hedging relationship.  At September 30, 2017, Bunge expects to reclassify into income in the next 12 months the full $15 million of after-tax gain (loss) related to its foreign exchange cash flow hedges and nil for net investment hedges.
(2)There was no gain or loss recognized in income relating to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationships or relating to amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
(3)The foreign exchange contracts mature at various dates through June 2018.
(4)
The euro-denominated loans mature in 2023.

The table below summarizes the effect of derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow and net investment hedges on the condensed consolidated statement of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
  Notional Gain or
(Loss)
Recognized in
Accumulated
 
Gain or (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
Income (1)
 
Gain or (Loss) Recognized
in Income on Derivatives
(US$ in millions) Amount 
OCI (1)
 Location Amount Location 
Amount (2)
Cash Flow Hedge:  
  
    
    
Foreign exchange (3)
 $166
 $43
 Foreign exchange gains (losses) $13
 Foreign exchange gains (losses) $
Total $166
 $43
   $13
   $
             
Net Investment Hedge:  
  
    
    
Foreign currency denominated debt (4)
 $663
 $1
 Foreign currency denominated debt $
 Foreign currency denominated debt $
Foreign exchange (3)
 653
 (384) Foreign exchange gains (losses) 
 Foreign exchange gains (losses) 
Total $1,316
 $(383)   $
   $
 
(1)The gain or (loss) recognized in OCI relates to the effective portion of the hedging relationship.  At September 30, 2016, Bunge expected to reclassify into income in the next 12 months approximately $31 million of after-tax gains (losses) related to its foreign exchange cash flow hedges and nil for net investment hedges.
(2)There was no gain or loss recognized in income relating to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationships or relating to amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
(3)The foreign exchange contracts mature at various dates through 2018.
(4)
The euro-denominated loans mature in 2023.
12.13.DEBT
Bunge’s commercial paper program is supported by an identical amount of committed back-up bank credit lines (the “Liquidity Facility”) provided by banks that are rated at least A-1 by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services and P-1 by Moody’s Investors Service. The cost of borrowing under the Liquidity Facility would typically be higher than the cost of issuing under Bunge’s commercial paper program. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, there were no$596 million of borrowings outstanding under the commercial paper program and no borrowings under the Liquidity Facility.
In connection with Bunge entering into a definitive agreement to acquire a 70% ownership interest in IOI Loders Croklaan from IOI Corporation Berhad (the “Loders Acquisition”), on September 12, 2017, Bunge entered into an unsecured $900 million term loan agreement. Following the completion of the offering of senior notes described below, on and effective as of September 25, 2017, Bunge terminated the loan agreement.  No funds had been drawn under the loan agreement as of the date of termination.
September 25, 2017, Bunge completed the sale and issuance of $400 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% unsecured senior notes due September 25, 2022, and $600 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% unsecured senior notes due September 25, 2027. The senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Bunge Limited. The offering was made pursuant to a registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Interest on the senior notes is payable semi-annually in arrears in March and September of each year, commencing on March 25, 2018. The net proceeds of the offering were approximately $989 million after deducting underwriting commissions and offering expenses.  Bunge intends to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund the purchase price for the Loders Acquisition. Pending the closing of the Loders Acquisition, the net proceeds from the offering were used to repay outstanding indebtedness of Bunge.
On September 6, 2017, Bunge entered into an amendment agreement to its unsecured $865 million Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2014 (the “Credit Agreement”). The amendment agreement extends the maturity date of the Credit Agreement to September 6, 2022. The amendment agreement also lowers the range of margin

applicableIn addition to Bunge’s borrowings under the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will varycommitted facilities, from 1.00%time to 1.75% per annum,time, Bunge Limited and/or its financing subsidiaries enter into uncommitted bilateral short-term credit lines as necessary based on its financing requirements. At March 31, 2019, there was $275 million outstanding under these bilateral short-term credit lines. Loans under such credit lines are non-callable by the respective lenders. In addition, Bunge's operating companies had $862 million in short-term borrowings outstanding under local bank lines of credit ratings of Bunge's senior long-term unsecured debt. Amounts under the Credit Agreement that remain undrawn are subjectat March 31, 2019 to a commitment fee payable quarterly based on the average undrawn portion of the Credit Agreement at rates ranging from 0.125% to 0.275%, based on the credit ratings of Bunge’s senior long-term unsecured debt.support working capital requirements.
At March 31, 2019, Bunge had $75 million of borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2017 under the Credit Agreement.
At September 30, 2017, Bunge had $4,740$4,319 million of unused and available borrowing capacity under its committed credit facilities totaling $5,015 million with a number of lending institutions.
The fair value of Bunge’s long-term debt is based on interest rates currently available on comparable maturities to companies with credit standing similar to that of Bunge. The carrying amounts and fair value of long-term debt are as follows:
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions) 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
 Carrying
Value
 Fair Value
(Level 2)
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
 Carrying
Value
 Fair Value
(Level 2)
Long-term debt, including current portion $4,533
 $4,714
 $4,007
 $4,163
 $4,235
 $4,251
 $4,622
 $4,584

13.14.TRADE RECEIVABLES SECURITIZATION PROGRAM
Bunge and certain of its subsidiaries participate in a $700 million trade receivables securitization program (the “Program”) with a financial institution, as administrative agent, and certain commercial paper conduit purchasers and committed purchasers that provides for funding of up to $700 million against receivables sold into the Program. On February 19, 2019, Bunge exercised a portion of the $300 million accordion feature under the Program to increase the aggregate size of the facility by $100 million from $700 million to an aggregate of $800 million.

(US$ in millions) March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Receivables sold which were derecognized from Bunge's balance sheet $769
 $826
Deferred purchase price included in other current assets $97
 $128

The table below summarizes the cash flows and discounts of Bunge’s trade receivables associated with the Program. Servicing fees under the Program were not significant in any period.
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions) 2017 2016 2019 2018
Gross receivables sold $7,074
 $6,624
 $2,258
 $2,322
Proceeds received in cash related to transfer of receivables $6,811
 $6,439
 $2,101
 $2,164
Cash collections from customers on receivables previously sold $6,827
 $6,461
 $1,875
 $2,414
Discounts related to gross receivables sold included in SG&A $6
 $4
 $4
 $3
    
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Receivables sold which were derecognized on Bunge balance sheet $738
 $628
Deferred purchase price included in other current assets $123
 $87

Non-cash activity for the program in the reporting period is represented by the difference between gross receivables sold and cash collections from customers on receivables previously sold.

14.15.RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Notes receivable - Bunge holds a note receivable from Navegações Unidas Tapajós S.A., a 50% equity method investment in Brazil, having a carrying value of $24$20 million at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which matures in June 2019, with interest based on 80% of CDI, the average one‑dayovernight interbank depositloan rate in Brazil.
Bunge holds a note receivable from Solazyme Bunge Renewable Oils Cooperatief U.A.,SCF Grain LLC, a 49.9%50% equity method investment in Brazil, havingthe U.S., with a carrying value of $9$7 million at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which matures in January 2018,on March 31, 2023, with an interest rate based on 100% of CDI, the average one-day interbank deposit rate in Brazil.LIBOR.
In addition, Bunge held notes receivables from other related parties totaling $3 million at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
Notes payable - Bunge holds a note payable with its affiliate Bunge SCF Grain LLC a 50% equity method investment, with a carrying value of $9$18 million at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. This note matures on March 31, 20192023 with ana variable interest rate based on LIBOR and is included in other long‑term liabilities in Bunge’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.of 2.49%.

Other - Bunge purchased soybeans, and other agricultural commodity products and received port services from certain of its unconsolidated investees and other related parties totaling $182$354 million and $255$271 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016, respectively, and $682 million and $724 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016,2018, respectively. Bunge also sold soybeans and other agricultural commodity products and provided port services to certain of its unconsolidated investees and other related parties totaling

$76 $110 million and $89$94 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively,pectively. In addition, Bunge receives services from and $387provides services to its unconsolidated investees, including tolling, port services, administrative support, and other services. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Bunge received services totaling $24 million and $218$25 million, forrespectively, and provided services of $4 million and $3 million, respectively. Bunge believes all transaction values to be similar to those that would be conducted with third parties.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Bunge had approximately $26 million and $28 million of receivables from these related parties included in trade accounts receivable in the nine months ended September 30, 2017condensed consolidated balance sheets as of those dates. In addition, at March 31, 2019 and 2016, respectively.December 31, 2018, Bunge had approximately $58 million and $26 million of payables to these related parties included in trade accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of those dates.
15.
16.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Bunge is party to a large number of claims and lawsuits, primarily non-income tax and labor claims in Brazil and non-income tax claims in Argentina, arising in the normal course of business. Bunge is also involved from time to time in various contract, antitrust, environmental litigation and remediation and other litigation, claims, government investigations and legal proceedings. The ability to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters involves judgments, estimates and inherent uncertainties. Bunge records liabilities related to its general claims and lawsuits when the exposure item becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. Bunge management does not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on Bunge’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the remote possibility of an adverse impact on Bunge’s position in the period the uncertainties are resolved whereby the settlement of the identified contingencies could exceed the amount of provisions included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Included in other non-current liabilities at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20162018 are the following amounts related to these matters:
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Non-income tax claims $176
 $170
 $92
 $94
Labor claims 96
 82
 76
 78
Civil and other claims 94
 98
 94
 95
Total $366
 $350
 $262
 $267
Brazil Indirect Taxes
Non-income tax claims - These tax claims relate principally to claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries, primarily value addedvalue-added tax claims (ICMS, ISS, IPI and PIS/COFINS). The determination of the manner in which various Brazilian federal, state and municipal taxes apply to the operations of Bunge is subject to varying interpretations arising from the complex nature of Brazilian tax law. In addition to the matter discussed below, Bunge monitors other potential claims in Brazil regarding these value-added taxes. In particular, Bunge monitors the Brazilian federal and state governments’ responses to recent Brazilian Supreme Court decisions invalidating on constitutional grounds certain ICMS incentives and benefits granted by various states. While Bunge was not a recipient of any of the incentives and benefits that were the subject of these Supreme Court decisions, it has received other similar tax incentives and benefits which are being challenged before the Supreme Court. In August 2017, Complementary Law 160/2017 (“LC 160/2017”) was published, authorizing the states, through an agreement to be reached within the framework of CONFAZ (National Council of Fiscal Policy), to grant amnesty for tax debts arising from existing tax benefits granted without previous CONFAZ authorization and to maintain such existing benefits still in force for up to 15 years. In December 2017, Interstate Agreement ICMS 190/2017 was published to regulate Complementary Law 160/2017, which endorsed the past incentives granted by the Brazilian states of CONFAZ. Bunge has not received any tax assessment from the states that granted these incentives or benefits related to their validity and, based on Bunge's evaluation of this matter as required by U.S. GAAP, no liability has been recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
On February 13, 2015, Brazil’s Supreme Federal Court ruled in a leading case that certain state ICMS tax credits for staple foods (including soy oil, margarine, and mayonnaise and wheat flours) are unconstitutional. Bunge, like other companies in the Brazilian food industry, is involved in several administrative and judicial disputes with Brazilian states regarding these tax credits. While the leading case does not involve Bunge and each case is unique in facts and circumstances and applicable state law, the ruling has general precedent authority in lower court cases. Based on management’s review of the ruling (without considering the future success of any potential clarification or modulation of the ruling) and its general application to Bunge’s pending cases, management recorded a liability in the fourth quarter of 468 million Brazilian reais (approximately $177 million), plus applicable interest, as of December 31, 2014. Since 2015, Bunge settled a portion of its

outstanding liabilities in amnesty programs in certain Brazilian states. In the fourth quarter of 2018, Bunge participated in an amnesty program in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, which resulted in a discounted settlement of certain cases. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the accrued liability was 407reduced to 243 million Brazilian reais (approximately $128$63 million), plus applicable interest..
As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Brazilian federal and state authorities have concluded examinations of the ICMS tax returns from 1990 to the present and have issued over 1,300 assessments to Bunge totaling approximately 1,060 million Brazilian reais (approximately $335 million as of September 30, 2017),  plus applicable interest and penalties on the outstanding amount.  As of December 31, 2016, the claims were approximately 797 million Brazilian reais (approximately $252 million), plus applicable interest and penalties.  Management intends to continue to vigorously defend against its pending state cases.  Management, in consultation with external legal advisors, has established appropriate reserves for potential exposures.
As of September 30, 2017 the Brazilian authorities have concluded examinations of the PIS COFINS tax returns and have issued assessments to Bunge relating to years 2004 through 2011. As of September 30, 2017, the cumulativeoutstanding claims for 2004 through 2011 were approximately 550 million Brazilian reais (approximately $174 million), plus(including applicable interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2016, the cumulative claims were approximately 510 million Brazilian reais (approximately $161 million), plus applicable interest and penalties. Management, in consultation with external legal advisors, has established appropriate reserves for potential exposures.penalties) as of:
(US$ in millions)Years ExaminedMarch 31, 2019December 31, 2018
ICMS1990 to Present$264
$264
PIS/COFINS2004 through 2015$230
$231
Argentina Export Tax
Since 2010, the Argentine tax authorities have been conducting a review of income and other taxes paid by exporters and processors of cereals and other agricultural commodities in the country. In that regard, Bungethe Company has been subject to a number

of assessments, proceedings, and claims related to its activities. InDuring 2011, Bunge’s subsidiary in Argentina paid $112 million of accrued export tax obligations under protest and preserved its rights with respect to such payment. In 2012, the Argentine tax authorities further assessed interest on these payments, which as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, totaled approximately $255$301 million. In 2012, the Argentine government suspended Bunge’s Argentine subsidiary from a registry of grain traders. While the suspension has not had a material adverse effect on Bunge’s business in Argentina, these actions have resulted in additional administrative requirements and increased logistical costs on domestic grain shipments within Argentina. Bunge is challenging these actions in the Argentine courts.
Labor claims — The labor claims are principally claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries. The labor claims primarily relate to dismissals, severance, health and safety, salary adjustments and supplementary retirement benefits.
Civil and other claims — The civil and other claims relate to various disputes with third parties, including suppliers and customers.
During the first quarter of 2016, Bunge received a notice from the Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense ("CADE") initiating an administrative proceeding against its Brazilian subsidiary and two of its employees, certain of its former employees, several other companies in the Brazilian wheat milling industry, and others for alleged anticompetitive activities in the north and northeast of Brazil. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2018, Bunge received a notification from CADE that it has extended the scope of an existing administrative proceeding relating to alleged anticompetitive practices in the Rio Grande port in Brazil to include certain of Bunge's Brazilian subsidiaries and certain former employees of those subsidiaries. Bunge is defending against this action;these actions; however, the proceedings are at an early stage and Bunge cannot, at this time, reasonably predict the ultimate outcome of the proceedings or sanctions, if any, which may be imposed.
Guarantees — Bunge has issued or was a party to the following guarantees at September 30, 2017:March 31, 2019:
(US$ in millions) 
Maximum
Potential
Future
Payments
 
Maximum
Potential
Future
Payments
Unconsolidated affiliates financing (1) (2)
 $169
Unconsolidated affiliates guarantee (1) (2)
 $310
Residual value guarantee (3)
 227
 264
Total $396
 $574
 
(1)Bunge has issued guarantees to certain financial institutions related to debt of certain of its unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the terms of the related financings which have maturity dates in 2017 through 2022.2034. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable Bunge to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. At September 30, 2017,In addition, a Bunge subsidiary has guaranteed the obligations of two of its affiliates and in connection therewith has secured its guarantee obligations through a pledge of one of its affiliate's shares plus loans receivable from the affiliate to the financial institutions in the event that the guaranteed obligations are enforced. Based on the amounts drawn under such debt facilities at March 31, 2019, Bunge's potential liability was $147 million and it has recorded noa $19 million obligation related to these guarantees.
(2)Bunge has issued guarantees to certain third parties related to performance of its unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the completion date of a port terminal which is expected to be completed in 2020. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable Bunge to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. At September 30, 2017, Bunge recorded no obligation related to these guarantees.

At March 31, 2019, Bunge's maximum potential future payments under these guarantees was $64 million, and no obligation has been recorded related to these guarantees.
(3)
Bunge has issued guarantees to certain financial institutions which are party to certain operating lease arrangements for railcars and barges. These guarantees provide for a minimum residual value to be received by the lessor at the conclusion of the lease term. These leases expire at various dates from 20182019 through 2021.2024. At September 30, 2017, Bunge’sMarch 31, 2019, no obligation has been recorded obligation related to these guarantees was $3 million.guarantees. Any obligation recorded would be recognized in Current operating lease obligations or Non-current operating lease obligations (see Note 4, Leases).
Bunge Limited has provided a guarantee to the Director of the Illinois Department of Agriculture as Trustee for Bunge North America, Inc. (“BNA”), an indirect wholly‑owned subsidiary, which guarantees all amounts due and owing by BNA to grain producers and/or depositors in the State of Illinois who have delivered commodities to BNA’s Illinois facilities.
In addition, Bunge Limited has provided full and unconditional parent level guarantees of the outstanding indebtedness under certain credit facilities entered into, and senior notes issued, by its 100% owned subsidiaries.  As of September 30, 2017,At March 31, 2019, Bunge’s condensed consolidated balance sheet includes debt with a carrying amount of $5,229$5,302 million related to these guarantees.  This debt includes the senior notes issued by two of Bunge’s 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe, B.V.  There are largely no restrictions on the ability of Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe B.V. or any other Bunge subsidiary to transfer funds to Bunge Limited.

17.    REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
In connection with the acquisition of a 70% ownership interest in IOI Loders Croklaan ("Loders"), the Company has entered into a put/call arrangement with the Loders minority shareholder and may be required or elect to purchase the additional 30% ownership interest in Loders within a specified time frame.
The Company classifies these redeemable equity securities outside of permanent stockholders’ equity as the equity securities are redeemable at the option of the holder. The carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests is the greater of: (i) the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the noncontrolling interests’ share of net income or loss, equity capital contributions and distributions or (ii) the redemption value. Any resulting increases in the redemption amount, in excess of the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the noncontrolling interests’ share of net income or loss and distributions, are affected by corresponding charges against retained earnings. Additionally, any such charges to retained earnings will affect net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders as part of Bunge's calculation of earnings per common share.

16.18.EQUITY
Share repurchase program - In May 2015, Bunge established a program for the repurchase of up to $500 million of Bunge’s issued and outstanding common shares. The program has no expiration date. Bunge did not repurchase any common shares during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Bunge repurchased 3,296,230 common shares in 2016

under this program for $200 million. Total repurchases under the program from its inception were 4,707,440 shares for $300 million.
Pension liability adjustment - On September 19, 2017, Bunge approved changes to certain U.S. defined benefit pension plans (“Plans”). The changes were announced on September 26, 2017 to all U.S. employees of Bunge. These changes will freeze the Plans for future benefit accruals effective January 1, 2023, and these Plans will be closed for participation for employees hired on or after January 1, 2018. As a result, Bunge recognized a curtailment gain associated with the Plans’ freeze and as such, the projected benefit obligations for these Plans were remeasured as of September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, a $31 million pension curtailment gain and $18 million remeasurement loss were recognized and recorded in OCI.
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Bunge — The following table summarizes the balances of related after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Bunge.Bunge:
(US$ in millions) 
Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 
Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 
Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on
Investments
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, July 1, 2017 $(5,618) $(192) $(145) $4
 $(5,951)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 329
 (37) 9
 
 301
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 
 (8) 
 (4) (12)
Balance, September 30, 2017 $(5,289) $(237) $(136) $
 $(5,662)
(US$ in millions) Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on
Investments
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, July 1, 2016 $(5,462) $(125) $(134) $3
 $(5,718)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (95) 
 1
 
 (94)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 
 (13) 
 
 (13)
Balance, September 30, 2016 $(5,557) $(138) $(133) $3
 $(5,825)
(US$ in millions) Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on
Investments
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2017 $(5,734) $(102) $(145) $3
 $(5,978)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 445
 (108) 9
 1
 347
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 
 (27) 
 (4) (31)
Balance, September 30, 2017 $(5,289) $(237) $(136) $
 $(5,662)
(US$ in millions) Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on
Investments
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2016 $(6,443) $214
 $(134) $3
 $(6,360)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 886
 (339) 1
 
 548
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 
 (13) 
 
 (13)
Balance, September 30, 2016 $(5,557) $(138) $(133) $3
 $(5,825)

17.EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
(US$ in millions) 
Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 
Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 
Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2019 $(6,637) $(145) $(153) $(6,935)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (20) (23) 
 (43)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 
 (1) (21) (22)
Balance, March 31, 2019 $(6,657) $(169) $(174) $(7,000)

(US$ in millions) 
Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 
Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 
Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on
Investments
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2018 $(5,547) $(244) $(140) $1
 $(5,930)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (15) 3
 (1) 
 (13)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 
 (3) 
 (1) (4)
Balance, March 31, 2018 $(5,562) $(244) $(141) $
 $(5,947)
19.    EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions, except for share data) 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018
Income (loss) from continuing operations $92
 $125
 $227
 $490
 $50
 $(17)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 (12) (7) (8)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests (5) (2)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Bunge 92
 113
 220
 482
 45
 (19)
Other redeemable obligations (1)
 
 6
 
 (2)
Convertible preference share dividends (8) (8) (25) (25) (8) (8)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 
 5
 
 (8) 
 (2)
Net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders $84
 $116
 $195
 $447
Net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders - Basic 37
 (29)
Add back convertible preference share dividends 
 
Net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders - Diluted $37
 $(29)
            
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:  
  
  
  
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:  
Basic 140,601,605
 139,444,320
 140,276,421
 139,969,200
 141,205,004
 140,736,907
Effect of dilutive shares:  
  
  
  
  
  
—stock options and awards 954,694
 483,525
 1,008,169
 341,890
—convertible preference shares 
 
 
 7,909,470
Diluted (2)
 141,556,299
 139,927,845
 141,284,590
 148,220,560
—stock options and awards (1)
 353,766
 
—convertible preference shares (2)
 
 
Diluted 141,558,770
 140,736,907
            
Basic earnings per common share:            
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $0.59
 $0.80
 $1.39
 $3.25
 $0.26
 $(0.20)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 
 0.03
 (0.01) (0.06) 
 (0.01)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders—basic $0.59
 $0.83
 $1.38
 $3.19
 $0.26
 $(0.21)
            
Diluted earnings per common share:            
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $0.59
 $0.79
 $1.38
 $3.24
 $0.26
 $(0.20)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 
 0.04
 (0.01) (0.05) 
 (0.01)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders—diluted $0.59
 $0.83
 $1.37
 $3.19
 $0.26
 $(0.21)
 
(1)Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest of $6The weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted excludes approximately 5 million gain and $27 million loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, related to a non-fair value variable put arrangement whereby the noncontrolling interest holder could require Bunge to purchase the remaining shares of an oilseed processing operation in Central and Eastern Europe. Accretion for the respective periods include the effect of losses incurred by the operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. In the second quarter of 2016, Bunge exercised its call option. This transaction concluded in September 2016.
(2)Approximately 3 million outstanding stock options and contingently issuable restricted stock units, which were not dilutive and not included in the weighted-average numbercomputation of common shares outstandingearnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. ApproximatelyMarch 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(2)Weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 excludes approximately 8 million and 8 million, respectively, weighted-average common shares that are issuable upon conversion of the convertible preference shares were not dilutive and not included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Approximately 4 million outstanding stock options and contingently issuable restricted stock units
conversion of the convertible preference shares that were not dilutive and not included in the weighted-average number of common shares, outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Approximately 8 million weighted-average common shares that are issuable upon conversion of

the convertible preference shares were not dilutive and not included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2016.respectively.

18.20.SEGMENT INFORMATION
Bunge has five reportable segments - Agribusiness, Edible Oil Products, Milling Products, Sugar and Bioenergy, and Fertilizer, which are organized based upon similar economic characteristics and are similar in nature of products and services offered, the nature of production processes, and the type and class of customer and distribution methods. The Agribusiness segment is characterized by both inputs and outputs being agricultural commodities and thus high volume and low margin. The Edible Oil Products segment involves the processing, production and marketing of products derived from vegetable oils. The Milling Products segment involves the processing, production and marketing of products derived primarily from wheat and corn. The Sugar and Bioenergy segment involves sugarcane growing and milling in Brazil, sugar trading and merchandising in various countries, as well as sugarcane-based ethanol production and corn-based ethanol investments and related activities. Following the classification of the Brazilian fertilizer distribution and North American fertilizer businesses as discontinued operations, the activities of theThe Fertilizer segment includeincludes its port operations in Brazil and Argentina and its blending and retail operations in Argentina.
The “Discontinued Operations & Unallocated” column in the following table contains the reconciliation between the totals for reportable segments and Bunge consolidated totals, which consist primarily of amounts attributable to discontinued operations, corporate items not allocated to the operating segments, and inter-segment eliminations. Transfers between the segments are generally valued at market. The segment revenues generated from these transfers are shown in the following table as “Inter-segment revenues”.revenues.”
              
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(US$ in millions) Agribusiness 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer 
Discontinued
Operations &
Unallocated (1)
 Total Agribusiness 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer 
Unallocated (1)
 Total
Net sales to external customers $7,720
 $2,027
 $397
 $1,158
 $121
 $
 $11,423
 $6,919
 $2,239
 $426
 $285
 $69
 $
 $9,938
Inter–segment revenues 1,097
 40
 
 19
 3
 (1,159) 
 1,168
 32
 
 
 1
 (1,201) 
Foreign exchange gains (losses) 1
 
 
 1
 (1) 
 1
 (8) 2
 2
 (3) 
 
 (7)
Noncontrolling interests (1)
 2
 (2) 
 
 (1) 1
 
 2
 (6) 
 (1) 
 
 (5)
Other income (expense) – net 24
 (2) (1) 4
 
 
 25
 32
 1
 (1) 
 (1) 
 31
Segment EBIT (2)
 103
 34
 23
 10
 5
 
 175
 109
 48
 17
 (24) 1
 
 151
Discontinued operations (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (69) (27) (16) (51) (3) 
 (166) (63) (40) (14) (20) (2) 
 (139)
Total assets $13,286
 $2,508
 $1,542
 $2,670
 $357
 $189
 $20,552
 12,681
 3,990
 1,528
 1,843
 333
 160
 20,535
  Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
(US$ in millions) Agribusiness Edible
Oil
Products
 Milling
Products
 Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer 
Discontinued
Operations &
Unallocated (1)
 Total
Net sales to external customers $8,063
 $1,727
 $430
 $1,074
 $129
 $
 $11,423
Inter–segment revenues 972
 29
 
 8
 
 (1,009) 
Foreign exchange gains (losses) (7) 
 
 2
 (1) 
 (6)
Noncontrolling interests (1)
 (13) (2) 
 
 (2) 5
 (12)
Other income (expense) – net 11
 (3) (1) (4) 1
 
 4
Segment EBIT (2)
 83
 34
 52
 35
 9
 
 213
Discontinued operations (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 5
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (61) (24) (16) (45) (3) 
 (149)
Total assets $12,396
 $2,030
 $1,508
 $3,532
 $352
 $227
 $20,045

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(US$ in millions) Agribusiness Edible
Oil
Products
 Milling
Products
 Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer 
Discontinued
Operations &
Unallocated 
(1)
 Total
Net sales to external customers $23,837
 $5,877
 $1,169
 $3,052
 $254
 $
 $34,189
Inter—segment revenues 3,136
 111
 5
 19
 3
 (3,274) 
Foreign exchange gains (losses) 93
 4
 (1) 10
 2
 
 108
Noncontrolling interests (1)
 (3) (5) 
 
 (2) 3
 (7)
Other income (expense) – net 28
 (1) (2) (1) 
 
 24
Segment EBIT (2)
 230
 98
 48
 1
 4
 
 381
Discontinued operations (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (196) (77) (46) (120) (9) 
 (448)
Total assets $13,286
 $2,508
 $1,542
 $2,670
 $357
 $189
 $20,552
              
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(US$ in millions) Agribusiness Edible
Oil
Products
 Milling
Products
 Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer 
Discontinued
Operations &
Unallocated 
(1)
 Total Agribusiness Edible
Oil
Products
 Milling
Products
 Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer 
Discontinued Operations & Unallocated (1)
 Total
Net sales to external customers $21,870
 $4,958
 $1,243
 $2,541
 $268
 $
 $30,880
 $7,462
 $2,149
 $409
 $563
 $58
 $
 $10,641
Inter–segment revenues 2,822
 80
 1
 10
 
 (2,913) 
 1,066
 37
 
 18
 
 (1,121) 
Foreign exchange gains (losses) 13
 (2) (5) 5
 (2) 
 9
 
 (1) 2
 1
 (2) 
 
Noncontrolling interests (1)
 (13) (5) 
 
 (2) 12
 (8) 
 (3) 
 1
 (1) 1
 (2)
Other income (expense) – net 5
 (4) (3) (13) 1
 
 (14) 24
 (3) 
 2
 1
 
 24
Segment EBIT (2)
 533
 66
 107
 21
 13
 
 740
 42
 28
 17
 (24) (2) 
 61
Discontinued operations (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 (8) (8) 
 
 
 
 
 (2) (2)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (174) (69) (47) (103) (9) 
 (402) (67) (32) (15) (26) (2) 
 (142)
Total assets $12,396
 $2,030
 $1,508
 $3,532
 $352
 $227
 $20,045
 14,531
 4,346
 1,608
 2,124
 297
 178
 23,084
 
(1)Includes noncontrolling interests share of interest and tax to reconcile to consolidated noncontrolling interest.

(2) Total segment earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) is an operating performance measure used by Bunge’s management to evaluate segment operating activities. Bunge’s management believes total segment EBIT is a useful measure of operating profitability, since the measure allows for an evaluation of the performance of its segments without regard to its financing methods or capital structure. In addition, total segment EBIT is a financial measure that is widely used by analysts and investors in Bunge’s industry. However, total segment EBIT is a non-GAAP financial measure and is not intended to replace net income (loss) attributable to Bunge, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure. Further, total segment EBIT is not a measure of consolidated operating results under U.S.GAAPU.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or any other measure of consolidated operating results under U.S. GAAP. See the reconciliation of total segment EBIT to net income (loss) in the table below.
(3)Represents net income (loss) from discontinued operations.

A reconciliation of total Segment EBIT to net income (loss) attributable to Bunge follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions) 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018
Total Segment EBIT from continuing operations $175
 $213
 $381
 $740
 $151
 $61
Interest income 9
 13
 29
 37
 7
 8
Interest expense (64) (73) (191) (189) (75) (70)
Income tax (expense) benefit (29) (45) (2) (118) (38) (19)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 
 5
 
 (8) 
 (2)
Noncontrolling interests' share of interest and tax 1
 5
 3
 12
 
 1
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge $92
 $118
 $220
 $474
 $45
 $(21)

The Company’s revenue comprises sales from commodity contracts that are accounted for under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815)and sales of other products and services that are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The following tables provide a disaggregation of net sales to external customers between sales from contracts with customers and sales from other arrangements:
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(US$ in millions) Agribusiness 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer Total
Sales from other arrangements 6,717
 459
 15
 205
 
 7,396
Sales from contracts with customers $202
 $1,780
 $411
 $80
 $69
 $2,542
Net sales to external customers 6,919
 2,239
 426
 285
 69
 9,938
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(US$ in millions) Agribusiness 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 Fertilizer Total
Sales from other arrangements 7,138
 423
 12
 451
 
 8,024
Sales from contracts with customers $324
 $1,726
 $397
 $112
 $58
 $2,617
Net sales to external customers 7,462
 2,149
 409
 563
 58
 10,641

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements
This report contains both historical and forward looking statements.  All statements, other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act).  These forward looking statements are not based on historical facts, but rather reflect our current expectations and projections about our future results, performance, prospects and opportunities.  We have tried to identify these forward looking statements by using words including “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “continue” and similar expressions.  These forward looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward looking statements.  The following important factors, among others, could affect our business and financial performance,cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements: industry conditions, including fluctuations in supply, demand and prices for agricultural commodities and other raw materials and products used in our business, fluctuations in energy and freight costs andcosts; competitive developments in our industries; the effects of weather conditions and the outbreak of crop and animal disease on our business; global and regional economic, agricultural, economic, financial and commodities market, political, social and health conditions; the outcome of pending regulatory and legal proceedings; our ability to complete, integrate and benefit from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures and strategic alliances; our ability to achieve the efficiencies, savings and other benefits anticipated from our cost reduction, margin improvement, operational excellence and other business optimization initiatives; changes in government policies, laws and regulations affecting our business, including agricultural and trade policies and environmental, tax regulations and biofuels legislation;regulation; our capital allocation plans, funding needs and financing sources; changes in foreign exchange policy or rates; the outcome of our strategic review process; the effectiveness of our risk management strategies; our ability to attract and retain executive management and key personnel; operational risks, including industrial accidents, natural disasters and cybersecurity incidents; and other factors affecting our business generally.
The forward looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date of this report, and except as otherwise required by federal securities law, we do not have any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
You should refer to “Item 1A.  Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2018, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2017,22, 2019, and “Part II — Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a more detailed discussion of these factors.

ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ThirdFirst Quarter 20172019 Overview

You should refer to “Item 7.7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Factors Affecting Operating ResultsResults" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162018 for a discussion of key factors affecting operating results in each of our business segments. In addition, you should refer to “Item 9A, Controls and Procedures” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162018 and to “Item 4, Controls and Procedures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 for a discussion of our internal controls over financial reporting.

Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

Total segment earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) is an operating performance measure used by Bunge’s management to evaluate segment operating activities. Bunge’s management believes total segment EBIT is a useful measure of operating profitability, since the measure allows for an evaluation of the performance of its segments without regard to its financing methods or capital structure. In addition, EBIT is a financial measure that is widely used by analysts and investors in Bunge’s industry. Total Segment EBIT is a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure and is not intended to replace net income (loss) attributable to Bunge, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure. Further, Total Segment EBIT excludes EBIT attributable to noncontrolling interests and is not a measure of consolidated operating results under U.S.GAAPU.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or any other measure of consolidated operating results under U.S. GAAP. See the reconciliation of Total Segment EBIT to net income (loss) attributable to Bunge below.

Segment Overview

Agribusiness - EBIT for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 was $103$109 million compared to $83$42 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. The increase was primarily driven by improvements in our South American grain origination operations, contributions from our Financial Services Group and effective risk management in our soybean processing operations that more than offset lower2018. In Oilseeds, soy crush margins.
Edible oil products -EBIT for the third quarter of 2017 was $34 million compared to $34 millionmargins were higher in the third quarterU.S., Brazil and Europe, due to our decision in 2018 to hedge a portion of 2016.Increasesour first-half 2019 crush capacity before market conditions weakened. These improvements were partially offset by lower results in Argentina and China. Softseed processing results increased due to gross profit from acquisitionshigher margins in Europe and Argentina and increased volumes in Asia wereCanada, partially offset by chargeslower results in China. Oilseed trading and distribution results were lower than last year, which benefited from higher volatility in 2018. Additionally, first quarter results in 2018 were impacted by negative mark-to-market related to our Global Competitiveness Program (“GCP”).forward oilseed crushing contracts.
In Grains, lower margins and volumes due to the combination of farmer retention of soybeans and reduced export demand from China negatively impacted results in both our origination, and trading and distribution businesses. While risk management was a positive contributor to the quarter, results were lower than last year.

Milling productsEdible Oil Products - EBIT for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 was $23$48 million compared to $52$28 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. Lower gross profit was driven by continued weak economic conditions2018. Higher results in the quarter were primarily associated with the acquisition of IOI Loders Croklaan ("Loders") in March 2018 and lower demand for wheat productsimproved performance in our packaged oil businesses in Brazil and Mexico. Additionally,Europe, which benefited from higher volumes and lower costs, partially offset by lower results in Asia.
Milling Products - EBIT for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 included a recovery of $142019 was $17 million compared to $17 million in the first quarter of 2018. Higher results in Brazil due to lower costs from the depreciation of the Brazilian import taxes relatedreal against the U.S. dollar were offset by lower results in Mexico, which were impacted by lower volumes and margins. Results in the U.S. were similar to prior years.last year.
Sugar and Bioenergy - EBIT was a loss of $24 million for both the thirdfirst quarters of 2019 and 2018. For the first quarter of 2017 was $10 million compared to $35 million in the third quarter of 2016. Our2019, sugarcane milling trading and merchandising operationsresults were impacted by lower sugar and ethanol prices, which were offset by lower sales volumescosts. The first quarter is the inter-harvest period in Brazil when sugarcane mills in the Center-South region typically do not operate for most of the quarter and decreased tradingare selling sugar and risk management results compared toethanol inventories from the third quarter 2016.previous sugarcane harvest.


Fertilizer - EBIT for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 was $5$1 million compared to $9a loss of $2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.A decrease2018. Higher results in gross profit fromthe quarter were primarily driven by lower marginscosts related to restructuring of our operations in Argentina was partially offset by decreases in SG&A expenses compared to the third quarter of 2016.Argentina.
Segment Results
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2018

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Bunge - For the quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, net income attributable to Bunge decreasedincreased by $26$66 million to $92$45 million from $118a loss of $21 million infor the quarter ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. This decreaseincrease resulted primarily from a decreasean increase in segment EBIT of $38$90 million, particularlypredominantly in milling productsour Agribusiness and sugar and bioenergy.Edible Oil Products segments, partially offset by higher income taxes.

Income Tax Expense - InFor the quarterthree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense related to continuing operations was $29$38 million and $19 million, respectively. The higher income tax expense for the first quarter of 2019 compared to $45 million in the quarter ended September 30, 2016.same period last year is primarily due to higher overall pre-tax income. The effective tax rate inrates for the third quarter was 24% compared to 26% in the third quarterfirst quarters of 2016. The lower effective tax rate in 2017 was primarily due to2019 and 2018 are impacted by a less favorable earnings mix and increased tax-exempt income on a lower base ofassociated with pretax income.losses in certain jurisdictions.
Segment Results
A summary of certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of income and volumes by reportable segment for the periods indicated is set forth below.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions, except volumes) 2017 2016 2019 2018
Volumes (in thousands of metric tons):  
  
  
  
Agribusiness 37,316
 35,079
 34,429
 35,805
Edible oil products 1,945
 1,762
Milling products 1,127
 1,153
Edible Oil Products 2,309
 2,008
Milling Products 1,105
 1,135
Sugar and Bioenergy 2,696
 2,304
 816
 1,447
Fertilizer 422
 417
 196
 172
        
Net sales:  
  
  
  
Agribusiness $7,720
 $8,063
 $6,919
 $7,462
Edible oil products 2,027
 1,727
Milling products 397
 430
Edible Oil Products 2,239
 2,149
Milling Products 426
 409
Sugar and Bioenergy 1,158
 1,074
 285
 563
Fertilizer 121
 129
 69
 58
Total $11,423
 $11,423
 $9,938
 $10,641
        
Cost of goods sold:  
  
  
  
Agribusiness $(7,459) $(7,797) $(6,684) $(7,259)
Edible oil products (1,902) (1,610)
Milling products (338) (341)
Edible Oil Products (2,089) (2,023)
Milling Products (377) (355)
Sugar and Bioenergy (1,122) (1,007) (287) (567)
Fertilizer (112) (112) (64) (53)
Total $(10,933) $(10,867) $(9,501) $(10,257)
        
Gross profit:  
  
  
  
Agribusiness $261
 $266
 $235
 $203
Edible oil products 125
 117
Milling products 59
 89
Sugar and Bioenergy 36
 67
Fertilizer 9
 17
Total $490
 $556
    
Selling, general and administrative expenses:  
  
Agribusiness $(187) $(174)
Edible oil products (87) (77)
Milling products (33) (36)
Sugar and Bioenergy (31) (31)
Fertilizer (2) (6)
Total $(340) $(324)
    
Edible Oil Products 150
 126
Milling Products 49
 54

Foreign exchange gains (losses):  
  
Agribusiness $1
 $(7)
Edible oil products 
 
Milling products 
 
Sugar and Bioenergy 1
 2
 (2) (4)
Fertilizer (1) (1) 5
 5
Total $1
 $(6) $437
 $384
        
Noncontrolling interest losses (gains):  
  
Selling, general and administrative expenses:  
  
Agribusiness $2
 $(13) $(152) $(185)
Edible oil products (2) (2)
Milling products 
 
Edible Oil Products (99) (91)
Milling Products (33) (39)
Sugar and Bioenergy (18) (24)
Fertilizer (3) (5)
Total $(305) $(344)
    
Foreign exchange gains (losses):  
  
Agribusiness $(8) $
Edible Oil Products 2
 (1)
Milling Products 2
 2
Sugar and Bioenergy (3) 1
Fertilizer 
 (2)
Total $(7) $
    
EBIT attributable to noncontrolling interests:  
  
Agribusiness $2
 $
Edible Oil Products (6) (3)
Milling Products 
 
Sugar and Bioenergy 
 
 (1) 1
Fertilizer (1) (2) 
 (1)
Total $(1) $(17) $(5) $(3)
        
Other income (expense) - net:  
  
  
  
Agribusiness $24
 $11
 $32
 $24
Edible oil products (2) (3)
Milling products (1) (1)
Edible Oil Products 1
 (3)
Milling Products (1) 
Sugar and Bioenergy 4
 (4) 
 2
Fertilizer 
 1
 (1) 1
Unallocated 
 

Total $25
 $4
 $31
 $24
        
Segment EBIT:  
  
  
  
Agribusiness $103
 $83
 $109
 $42
Edible oil products 34
 34
Milling products 23
 52
Edible Oil Products 48
 28
Milling Products 17
 17
Sugar and Bioenergy 10
 35
 (24) (24)
Fertilizer 5
 9
 1
 (2)
Unallocated 
 
Total $175
 $213
 $151
 $61

A reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge to Total Segment EBIT follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions) 2017 2016 2019 2018
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge $92
 $118
 $45
 $(21)
Interest income (9) (13) (7) (8)
Interest expense 64
 73
 75
 70
Income tax expense (benefit) 29
 45
 38
 19
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax 
 (5) 
 2
Noncontrolling interest's share of interest and tax (1) (5) 
 (1)
Total Segment EBIT $175
 $213
 $151
 $61

Agribusiness Segment - Agribusiness segment net sales decreased by 4%7% to $7.7$6.9 billion in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019, compared to $8.1$7.5 billion in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. An2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower volumes and on average lower prices in our grain businesses and lower prices in our oilseed processing business, associated with lower supply in North America due to severe weather conditions, lower demand from China as a result of the African Swine Fever outbreak, and slow farmer selling in Argentina. These lower net sales were partially offset by an increase in volumes in Brazilour oilseed trading and distribution business from larger corn and soybean crops was primarily offset by lower commodity prices.higher volumes.


Cost of goods sold decreased by 4%8%, substantiallyprimarily in line with the decreases in net sales noted above. Additionally, the third quarter was impacted by higher industrial costsour grain origination, grain trading and depreciation from the acquisition ofdistribution, and oilseed processing facilities in Western Europebusinesses related to lower volumes and prices, partially offset by an increase from our oilseed trading and distribution business as discussed above.

Gross profit increased by $32 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared2019 to the third quarter of 2016.

Despite overall increased volumes, gross profit decreased by $5$235 million in the third quarter of 2017, from $266$203 million in the third quarter of 2016. The benefits of stronger contributions from risk management and increased farmer selling in South America during the early part of the quarter only partially offset the impacts of compressed margins across our operations from excess supply and impacts to logistics costs from adverse weather conditions in our North American grain origination business.

SG&A expenses increased $13 million to $187 million in the third quarter of 2017. The increase includes impairment charges of $4 million for intangible assets related to patents for aluminum phosphate technology, one-time employee separation costs of $4 million and professional services charges of $3 million related to our GCP. The increase also included added general and administrative expenses in Europe for acquisitions made in the fourth quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2017,2018. The increase was primarily in the U.S., Europe, and was partially offsetBrazil, resulting from hedging soy crush margins at the higher levels during the second half of last year. Additionally, improved results in softseed processing due to higher margins in Europe and Canada, and better results in our ocean freight business contributed to the overall improvement compared to the prior year. Partially offsetting these improvements were lower results in our grain origination, and grain trading and distribution businesses driven by lower professional services costs.volumes and margins in all regions, and lower oilseed processing results in Argentina and China. Gross profit in the first quarter of 2018 was impacted by negative mark-to-market related to forward oilseed crushing contracts.

SG&A expenses decreased $33 million to $152 million in the first quarter of 2019, from $185 million in the same period last year. The decrease was mainly due to savings from our global competitiveness program ("GCP"), as well as lower charges recognized in the first quarter of 2019 associated with execution of the GCP as compared to the same period last year, and from the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar.

Foreign exchange results in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 were gainslosses of $1$8 million, compared to losses of $7 millionnil in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016,2018. These results were primarily driven by foreign currency hedges, which were offset byrelated to net losses on U.S. dollar-denominated loans to fund operations.currency hedges.

Other income (expenses) - net was income of $32 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to income of $24 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, compared2018. The increase was primarily due to income of $11 millionimproved results from soy crush equity method investments in the third quarter of 2016. The third quarter of 2017 included stronger contributions from our Financial Services Group offset by a $13 million impairment charge related to our Indonesian palm oil plantation affiliate. The third quarter of 2016 included income generated by certain non-consolidated investments; primarily in our transportationAsia and logistics affiliates in Brazil and the United States.South America.

Segment EBIT increased by $20$67 million to $103$109 million in the third quarter of 2017 from $83 million in the third quarter of 2016. Increased volumes in Brazil from larger corn and soybean crops, effective risk management in our soybean processing operations, improvements in our South American grain origination operations and contributions from our Financial Services Group more than offset impacts from lower commodity prices and crush margins and charges related to our GCP and increased general and administrative expenses from acquisitions made in Europe during the fourth quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2017.2019 from $42 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher soy crush and softseed processing results, better results from ocean freight and lower SG&A expenses, partially offset by lower results in our grain businesses.

Edible Oil Products Segment - Edible oil productsOil Products segment net sales increased by 17%4% in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 to $2.0$2.2 billion, compared to $1.7$2.1 billion in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016,2018, resulting primarily from a 10%15% increase in volumes driven by the acquisitions of two edible oil production facilities in Europe, our recent acquisition of an edible oil production facilityLoders in ArgentinaMarch 2018. This was partially offset by lower prices in North America and increased volumes in Asia from an earlier startthe impact of the Diwali holiday season.depreciation of the Brazilian

real and the euro against the U.S. dollar.
Cost of goods sold in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 increased 18%3% from the same period of 2016,2018, which is substantially in line with the increase in net sales noted above, and primarily driven by the impact of the recent acquisitions and increased volumesacquisition of Loders in Asia.March 2018.

Gross profit in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 increased by 19% to $125$150 million compared to $117$126 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. The increase was primarily driven bydue to the acquisition of Loders and improved results in Brazil from higher volumes. and lower industrial costs.

SG&A expenses increased by 13% to $87$99 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 compared with $77$91 million in the same period a year ago. The increase primarilywas related to added general and administrative expenses the acquisition of Loders, partially offset by lower costsin Europe and ArgentinaBrazil due to the depreciation of the euro and Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar, as well as savings from new acquisitions. Additionally, the third quarter of 2017 included impairment charges of $2 million for intangible assets related to patents for aluminum phosphate technology and professional services charges of $1 million related to our GCP.GCP across all regions.

Segment EBIT of $34increased to $48 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019 from $28 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was equalprimarily from higher gross profit due to the third quarteracquisition of 2016. Increases to gross profit from acquisitionsLoders and improved results in ArgentinaBrazil and Europe and increased volumes in Asia were offset by charges related to our GCP during the third quarter of 2017, and higher SG&A from our new acquisitions.Europe.

Milling Products Segment - Milling productsProducts segment net sales were $397$426 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, 8% lower2019, 4% higher compared to $430$409 million for the same period a year ago, resulting primarily from a 2% decrease in volumes driven by continued weak economic conditions and lower demandBrazil, resulting from increased prices for wheat products, and the U.S., from the acquisition of two corn mills in Brazil andthe U.S. ("Minsa") in the first quarter of 2018. These increases were partially offset by lower volumes in Mexico.


Cost of goods sold decreasedincreased by 1%6% to $338$377 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 from $341$355 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, primarily driven by lower commodity prices2018, which was generally aligned with the increase in wheat, our primary raw material. In addition,net sales and additional costs associated with the third quarter was impacted by $1 millionacquisition of severance and other employee benefit costs related to our GCP and the third quarter of 2016 included a recovery of $14 million in Brazilian import taxes paid in prior years.Minsa.

Gross profit decreased by 34% to $59$49 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, down from $892019, compared to $54 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, primarily2018 mainly due to increased competitionlower volumes and competitive pricingmargins in Brazil driven by challenging macro-economic conditions, the large domestic wheat crop that reduced margins and lower volume.Mexico.

SG&A expenses decreased toof $33 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 from $362019 decreased by $6 million in 2016 from lower spending in Brazil and Mexico.compared to 2018. The decrease was partially offsetprimarily due to savings from the GCP and the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar. Additionally, the first quarter of 2018 was impacted by impairment charges of $1 million for intangible assetsacquisition costs related to patents for aluminum phosphate technology and professional services charges of $1 million related to our GCP.Minsa.

Segment EBIT decreased to $23was $17 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, from $522019, compared to $17 million last year, primarily as a result of lower gross profit drivenwas offset by continued weak economic conditions and lower demand for wheat products in Brazil. The third quarter of 2016 included a recovery of $14 million in Brazilian import taxes paid in prior years.SG&A costs.

Sugar and Bioenergy Segment - Sugar and Bioenergy segment net sales increased 8%decreased 49% to $1.2 billion$285 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 compared to $1.1 billion$563 million in the same quarter last year. The increasedecrease in net sales was primarily driven bydue to exiting our international trading and merchandising sales volumes.business in 2018, as well as lower global prices of sugar and ethanol.

Cost of goods sold increased 11%decreased 49% in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 compared to the same period of 2016,2018, which is in line with the increase inlower net sales. The third quarter of 2017 results also included $8 million of indirect tax credits and $6 million of severance and restructuring charges related to our industrial operations.

Gross profit decreasedincreased $2 million to $36 million in the third quartera loss of 2017 from $67$2 million reported in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, primarily due to2019 from a loss of $4 million in 2018, as lower prices andindustrial costs were substantially offset by lower sales volumes in our sugar milling operations and weaker contributions from risk management opportunities in our sugar trading & merchandising operations.margins.

SG&A expenses of $31$18 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 were flat compared to2019 decreased by $6 million from $24 million in the same period of 2016,2018, primarily due to lower amortization expense insavings from the quarter, offset by impairment chargesGCP and the impact of $1 million for intangible assets related to patents for aluminum phosphate technology and professional services chargesthe depreciation of $1 million related to our GCP in the third quarter of 2017.Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar.

Foreign exchange results in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 were $1losses of $3 million, compared to $2gains of $1 million in the same periodfirst quarter of 2016.2018. These results relate primarily to foreign currency hedges.hedging activities on forward sales positions.

Segment EBIT decreased to $10was a loss of $24 million in the third quarterfirst quarters of 2017 from $35 million in the third quarter of 2016, primarily due to lower pricesboth 2019 and 2018. Lower SG&A expenses and improved gross profit were offset by higher foreign exchange losses and lower sales volumesresults in our sugar milling operations and weaker contributions from risk management opportunities in our sugar trading & merchandising operations. The third quarter results were also impacted by $6 million of severance and restructuring charges related to our industrial operations, $2 million of SG&A charges related to our GCP, $3 million of losses from our renewable oils affiliate in Brazil and $8 million of indirect tax credits.unconsolidated joint ventures.

Fertilizer Segment - Fertilizer segment net sales were $121$69 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 compared to $129$58 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, with no significant change2018. The increase was primarily due to higher volumes and prices in volumes.Argentina, partially offset by reduced port services in Brazil.


Cost of goods sold were $112increased to $64 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, consistent with2019, from $53 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018, primarily due to higher sales and higher raw materials costs due to prior restructuring actions, partially offset by lower industrial costs from such prior restructuring actions.

Gross profit decreased by $8 million to $9was $5 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, down2019 unchanged from $17the comparable period last year, as lower margins were offset by industrial cost savings.

SG&A expenses were $3 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $5 million in the comparable period of 2016.2018. The decrease was primarily drivendue to certain bad debt recoveries during 2019.
Segment EBIT increased by lower margins in Argentina.

SG&A expenses were $2$3 million to $1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, compared to $6 million in the comparable period of 2016, primarily due to a reduction of bad debt expense.

Segment EBIT decreased by $4 million to $5 million in the third quarter of 20172019 as compared to $9a loss of $2 million in the same period a year ago. The decrease in gross profit fromincrease was primarily due to lower margins in Argentina wasoverall expenses, partially offset by decreases in SG&A expenses compared to third quarter of 2016.lower margins.

Interest - A summary of consolidated interest income and expense follows:

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions) 2017 2016 2019 2018
Interest income $9
 $13
 $7
 $8
Interest expense (64) (73) (75) (70)

Interest income decreased to $9$7 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to $13 million in the third quarter of 2016. Interest expense decreased primarily due to impacts from interest rate hedges.

Discontinued Operations - Discontinued operations results for the third quarter of 2017 were nil, compared to income of $5 million, net of tax, in the third quarter of 2016. Results in 2017 were primarily driven by the recovery of bad debt provisions and interest received related to long-term receivables from farmers that offset ongoing administrative expenses, income taxes and foreign exchange losses.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Bunge - For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net income attributable to Bunge decreased by $254 million to $220 million from $474 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This decrease resulted primarily from a decrease in segment EBIT of $359 million, particularly in agribusiness, partially offset by decreases in losses from discontinued operations and income tax expense.
Income Tax Expense - In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, income tax (expense) / benefit was $(2) million compared to income tax expense of $(118) million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, decreased to 1% compared to 19% in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.   The lower tax rate in 2017 was primarily due to certain discrete items, including an income tax benefit of $32 million for a favorable resolution of income tax matters in Asia and an income tax benefit of $17 million related to a prior year tax election in South America. The 2016 year-to-date effective tax rate of 19% was driven primarily due to certain discrete items including an income tax benefit of $60 million recorded for a change in estimate resulting from a tax election for North America and an income tax benefit of $11 million recorded for income tax refund claims in Europe, partially offset by an income tax charge of $(32) million recorded for an uncertain tax position related to Asia. Excluding the effect of these discrete items noted above, our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, was 22% and 26%, respectively. The reduction in the effective tax rate from 2016, after taking into account the discrete tax items noted above, is primarily attributable to favorable earnings mix and increased tax-exempt income applied on a lower base of pretax income.
A summary of certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of income and volumes by reportable segment for the periods indicated is set forth below.
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(US$ in millions, except volumes) 2017
2016
Volumes (in thousands of metric tons):  

 
Agribusiness 108,512
 101,776
Edible oil products 5,681
 5,106
Milling products 3,300
 3,395
Sugar and Bioenergy 6,677
 6,343
Fertilizer 830
 832
     
Net sales:  
  
Agribusiness $23,837
 $21,870
Edible oil products 5,877
 4,958
Milling products 1,169
 1,243
Sugar and Bioenergy 3,052
 2,541
Fertilizer 254
 268
Total $34,189
 $30,880
     

Cost of goods sold:  
  
Agribusiness $(23,141) $(20,831)
Edible oil products (5,518) (4,642)
Milling products (1,014) (1,031)
Sugar and Bioenergy (2,974) (2,433)
Fertilizer (237) (237)
Total $(32,884) $(29,174)
     
Gross profit:  
  
Agribusiness $696
 $1,039
Edible oil products 359
 316
Milling products 155
 212
Sugar and Bioenergy 78
 108
Fertilizer 17
 31
Total $1,305
 $1,706
     
Selling, general and administrative expenses:  
  
Agribusiness $(585) $(511)
Edible oil products (258) (238)
Milling products (103) (97)
Sugar and Bioenergy (87) (80)
Fertilizer (13) (15)
Total $(1,046) $(941)
     
Foreign exchange gains (losses):  
  
Agribusiness $93
 $13
Edible oil products 4
 (2)
Milling products (1) (5)
Sugar and Bioenergy 10
 5
Fertilizer 2
 (2)
Total $108
 $9
     
Noncontrolling interest losses (gains):  
  
Agribusiness $(3) $(13)
Edible oil products (5) (5)
Milling products 
 
Sugar and Bioenergy 
 
Fertilizer (2) (2)
Total $(10) $(20)
     
Other income (expense) - net:  
  
Agribusiness (1)
 $28
 $5
Edible oil products (1) (4)
Milling products (2) (3)
Sugar and Bioenergy (1) (13)
Fertilizer 
 1
Total $24
 $(14)

     
Segment EBIT:    
Agribusiness $230
 $533
Edible oil products 98
 66
Milling products 48
 107
Sugar and Bioenergy 1
 21
Fertilizer 4
 13
Total $381
 $740

A reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge to Total Segment EBIT follows:
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(US$ in millions) 2017 2016
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge $220
 $474
Interest income (29) (37)
Interest expense 191
 189
Income tax expense (benefit) 2
 118
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax 
 8
Noncontrolling interest's share of interest and tax (3) (12)
Total Segment EBIT $381
 $740

Agribusiness Segment - Agribusiness segment net sales increased by 9% to $23.8 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $21.9 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Volumes overall increased 7% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Higher crush volumes in Europe due to our new crush plant in Ukraine which started operations in the second quarter of 2016, the recent acquisition of two oilseed crushing facilities in Western Europe in the first quarter of 2017 and increased volumes in Brazil due to larger soybean and corn crops led to the increase in net sales2019 compared to 2016.

Cost of goods sold increased by 11%, aligned with the increases in net sales noted above. In addition, cost of goods sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was impacted by higher industrial costs and depreciation from the recent acquisitions in Europe and an 11% appreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016.

Gross profit decreased to $696$8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from $1.0 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily drivenfirst quarter of 2018. Interest expense increased by the combination of farmer retention and increased competition in South America which impacted margins in our grain origination, oilseed processing and trading and distribution businesses and limited contributions from risk management due to a lack of positioning opportunities.

SG&A expenses increased $74 million to $585 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represented a 14% increase from the $511 million in the same period last year. This increase included added general and administrative expenses in Europe related to new acquisitions and an 11% appreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase also included a $9 million credit adjustment in Brazil, $7 million of transaction related costs associated with the acquisition of two oilseed processing facilities in Europe that will not repeat, $4 million of impairment charges for intangible assets related to patents for aluminum phosphate technology, $4 million of one-time employee separation costs and $3 million of professional services charges related to our GCP.These increases were partially offset by cost savings and operating efficiencies in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Foreign exchange results in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were gains of $93$5 million compared to gains of $13 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These results were primarily driven by gains on U.S. dollar-denominated loans to fund operations and foreign exchange gains realized due to the appreciation of the Chinese renminbi in our oilseed processing business in Asia.


Other income (expenses) - net was income of $28 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to gains of $5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 included income earned in our Financial Services Group, offset by a $13 million impairment of our palm oil plantation affiliate in Indonesia. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included an impairment charge of $12 million on intangible assets related to certain patents of intellectual property.

Segment EBIT decreased by $303 million to $230 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $533 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This decrease was primarily driven by slow farmer selling in South America, which impacted margins in our grain origination, oilseed processing and trading distribution businesses, and lower contribution from risk management activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Also contributing to lower EBIT, were the impact on costs from the appreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, transaction costs related to the acquisition of two oilseed crushing facilities in Western Europe and the increase of general and administrative expenses for recent acquisitions and certain charges related to our GCP. These were partially offset by foreign exchange gains in our edible oil production businesses in Europe and Asia compared to 2016.

Edible Oil Products Segment - Edible oil products segment net sales increased by 19% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $5.9 billion, compared to $5.0 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, resulting primarily from an 11% increase in volumes, driven by our acquisitions of two edible oil production facilities in Europe, recent acquisition of an edible oil production facility in Argentina and increased volumes in Asia.

Cost of goods sold in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased 19% from the same period of 2016, which is in line with the increase in net sales noted above, and primarily driven by the impact of the recent acquisitions in Europe and Argentina compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Gross profit in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased to $359 million compared to $316 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily driven by stronger volumes and margins in Brazil and increases in Europe and Argentina from our recent acquisitions, offset in part by lower refining and packaging margins in the U.S. due to increased competition.

SG&A expenses increased by 8% to $258 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with $238 million in the same period a year ago. The increase includes impairment charges of $2 million for intangible assets related to patents for aluminum phosphate technology and professional services charges of $1 million related to our GCP and acquisition related costs and increased general and administrative expenses associated with our recent acquisitions.

Foreign exchange results in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were income of $4 million, compared to losses of $2 million in 2016 related to foreign exchange gains on debt and derivative instruments and hedges.

Segment EBIT increased to $98 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, up from $66 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily from higher margins and volumes in our Brazil business and increased volumes with acquisitions in Argentina and Europe. The increases were partially offset by the one-time charges related to our GCP.

Milling Products Segment - Milling products segment net sales were $1.2 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $1.2 billion from the same period a year ago resulting primarily from a 3% decrease in volumes driven by weak macro-economic conditions and pressure from the record wheat crop in Brazil, which increased local competition, and softer demand for flour in Mexico compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Cost of goods sold decreased by 2% to $1,014 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $1,031 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to lower volumes in Brazil. The nine months ended September 30, 2017, was impacted by $1 million of severance and other employee benefit costs related to our GCP and the nine months ended September 30, 2016, included a recovery of $14 million in Brazilian import taxes paid in prior years.

Gross profit decreased by 27% to $155 million in the nine months ended of 2017, down from $212 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to increased competition and competitive pricing in Brazil that reduced margins and lower volume and unfavorable product mix in Mexico.

SG&A expenses increased to $103 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $97 million, primarily due to the 11% appreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar compared to the nine months ended

September 30, 2016, $1 million of impairment charges for intangible assets and $1 million of professional services charges related to our GCP.

Segment EBIT decreased to $48 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from $107 million last year as a result of lower gross profit driven by continued weak economic conditions and lower demand for wheat products in Brazil and Mexico. In addition, the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included a recovery of $14 million in Brazilian import taxes paid in prior years.

Sugar and Bioenergy Segment - Sugar and Bioenergy segment net sales increased to $3.1 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $2.5 billion in the same period last year. The 20% increase in sales was primarily driven by higher sugar sales volumes and an 11% appreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar which positively impacted domestic sales of sugar and ethanol in Brazil when converted into U.S. dollar.

Cost of goods sold increased 22% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period September 30, 2016,2018, primarily due to higher sales volumes and the appreciation of the Brazilian real compared to the U.S. dollar. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 also included $15 million of severance and restructuring charges related to our industrial operations and $8 million of indirect tax credits.

Gross profit decreased to $78 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from the $108 million reported in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Higher sales volumes and $8 million related to indirect tax credits wereinterest rates, partially offset by lower, margins in our sugar trading and merchandising business and $15 million in severance and restructuring charges. Results and related development costs associated with our renewable oils affiliate in Brazil were a loss of $15 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.on average outstanding debt balances.

SG&A expenses increased by 9% to $87 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $80 million in the comparable period September 30, 2016, primarily due to the 11% appreciation of the Brazilian real and by impairment charges of $1 million for intangible assets related to patents for aluminum phosphate technology and professional services charges of $1 million related to our GCP.

Foreign exchange results in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $10 million compared to $5 million in the same period September 30, 2016. These results relate primarily to gains on foreign currency hedges.

Segment EBIT decreased to $1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $21 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as higher sugar sales volumes along with foreign exchange gains and indirect tax credits were offset by lower margins in our sugar trading and merchandising business, $16 million in severance and restructuring charges and $1 million of impairment charges related to our GCP.

Fertilizer Segment - Fertilizer segment net sales decreased 5% to $254 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $268 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to lower export volumes and lower prices in Argentina compared to nine months ended 2016.

Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $237 million, unchanged compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Gross profit decreased by $14 million to $17 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from $31 million in the comparable period September 30, 2016. The decrease was primarily driven by lower volumes and lower margins in Argentina from higher raw material costs.

Segment EBIT decreased by $9 million to $4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $13 million in the same period a year ago, primarily driven by lower volumes and margins in 2017 when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Interest - A summary of consolidated interest income and expense follows:

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(US$ in millions) 2017 2016
Interest income $29
 $37
Interest expense (191) (189)
Interest income decreased $8 million between 2017 and 2016. Interest expense remained relatively unchanged compared to nine months of 2016.

Discontinued Operations - Discontinued operations results for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were nil, compared to a loss of $8 million, net of tax, in the same period as 2016.

Results improved in 2017 primarily driven by the recovery of bad debt provisions related to long-term receivables from farmers that offset ongoing administrative expenses and lower foreign exchange losses compared to the same period in 2016.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our main financial objectives are to prudently manage financial risks, ensure consistent access to liquidity and minimize cost of capital in order to efficiently finance our business and maintain balance sheet strength. We generally finance our ongoing operations with cash flows generated from operations, issuance of commercial paper, borrowings under various bilateral and syndicated revolving credit facilities, term loans and proceeds from the issuance of senior notes. Acquisitions and long-lived assets are generally financed with a combination of equity and long-term debt.
Our current ratio, which is a widely used measure of liquidity and is defined as current assets divided by current liabilities, was 1.601.40 and 1.441.54 at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents were $464 million and $389 million and $934 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively. Cash balances are managed in accordance with our investment policy, the objectives of which are to preserve the principal value of our cash assets, maintain a high degree of liquidity and deliver competitive returns subject to prevailing market conditions. Cash balances are typically invested in short term deposits with highly-rated financial institutions and in U.S. government securities.
Readily Marketable Inventories (“RMI”) - RMI are agricultural commodity inventories such as soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, corn, wheat and sugar that are readily convertible to cash because of their commodity characteristics, widely available markets and international pricing mechanisms. Total RMI in our Agribusiness segment are reported at fair value and were $4,398$4,502 million and $3,593$4,532 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Of these amounts $3,351 million and $2,523 million were attributable to merchandising activities at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. RMI at fair value in the aggregate amount of $109 million and $123 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively were included in our Edible Oil Products segment inventories. RMI at fair value in the Sugar and Bioenergy segment were $195 million and $139 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Of these amounts, $189 million and $139 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, can be attributed (see Note 6 - Inventories, to our merchandising business.condensed consolidated financial statements).
Financing Arrangements and Outstanding Indebtedness - We conduct most of our financing activities through a centralized financing structure that provides the company efficient access to debt and capital markets. This structure includes a master trust, the primary assets of which consist of intercompany loans made to Bunge Limited and its subsidiaries. Certain of Bunge Limited’s 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp., Bunge Finance Europe B.V. and Bunge Asset Funding Corp., fund the master trust with short and long-term debt obtained from third parties, including through our commercial paper program and certain credit facilities, as well as the issuance of senior notes. Borrowings by these finance subsidiaries carry full, unconditional guarantees by Bunge Limited.
Revolving Credit Facilities - At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had approximately $5,015 million of aggregate committed borrowing capacity under our commercial paper program and various revolving bilateral and syndicated credit facilities, of which $4,740

which $4,319 million was unused and available. The following table summarizes these facilities as of the periods presented:
(US$ in millions)   
Total Committed
Capacity
 Borrowings Outstanding   
Total Committed
Capacity
 Borrowings Outstanding
Commercial Paper Program
and Revolving Credit Facilities
 Maturities September 30,
2017
 September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 Maturities March 31,
2019
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Commercial paper 2019 $600
 $
 $
 2020 $600
 $596
 $
Long-term revolving credit facilities (1)
 2018 - 2022 4,415
 275
 
 2020 - 2023 $4,415
 100
 500
Total   $5,015
 $275
 $
   $5,015
 $696
 $500
 
(1) 
Borrowings under the revolving credit facilities that have maturities greater than one year from the date of the condensed consolidated balance sheets are classified as long-term debt, consistent with the long-term maturity of the underlying facilities. However, individual borrowings under the revolving credit facilities are generally short-term in nature, bear interest at variable rates and can be repaid or renewed as each such individual borrowing matures.
On September 6, 2017, we entered into an amendment agreement toWe had no borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2019 under our unsecured $865$1,100 million Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated asfive-year syndicated revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with certain lenders party thereto maturing December 14, 2023. We have the option to request an extension of June 17, 2014 (the “Credit Agreement”). The amendment agreement extends the maturity date of the Credit Agreement for two additional one-year periods, subject to September 6, 2022. The amendment agreement also lowers the rangeconsent of margin applicable to our borrowings under the Credit Agreement.lenders. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will vary from 1.00% to 1.75% per annum,1.625%, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt.debt ("Rating Level"). Amounts under the Credit Agreement that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee payable quarterly based on the average undrawn portion of the Credit Agreement at rates ranging from 0.125%0.09% to 0.275%0.225%, varying based on the credit ratingsRating Level. We may, from time to time, request one or more of our senior long-term unsecured debt. We had $75 million of borrowings outstanding September 30, 2017the existing lenders or new lenders to increase the total commitments under the Credit Agreement.Agreement by up to $200 million pursuant to an accordion provision.
We had no borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2017 under our three-year unsecured bilateral revolving credit facilities (the “Facilities”) totaling $700 million, which are maturing at various dates in June and September, 2019. Borrowings under these Facilities bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will vary from 0.65% to 1.40% per annum based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt. Amounts under the Facilities that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee payable at a rate ranging from 0.20% to 0.25%.
We had $200$100 million of borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 under our $1,750 million unsecured syndicated revolving credit facility (the ‘‘Facility’’) with certain lenders party thereto maturing August 10, 2018.December 12, 2020 (the ‘‘2020 Facility’’). Borrowings under the 2020 Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will vary from 0.35%0.30% to 1.35%1.30% per annum, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt. We also pay a fee that varies from 0.10% to 0.40% per annum, based on the utilization of the 2020 Facility. Amounts under the 2020 Facility that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee payable quarterly in arrears at a rate of 35% of the margin specified above, which varies based on the rating level at each quarterly payment date. We may, from time to time, with the consent of the facility agent, request one or more of the existing lenders or new lenders to increase the total commitments under the 2020 Facility by up to $250 million pursuant to an accordion provision. We have the option to request an extension of the maturity date of the 2020 Facility for two additional one-year periods. Each lender in its sole discretion may agree to any such extension request.
We had no borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 under our $1,100unsecured $865 million five-year unsecured syndicated revolving credit agreementfacility, maturing September 6, 2022 (the ‘‘Credit Agreement’’"2022 Facility") with certain lenders party thereto, maturing November 20, 2019.. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement2022 Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will vary from 1.00% to 1.75% per annum, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt (‘‘Rating Level’’).debt. Amounts under the Credit Agreement2022 Facility that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee ranging from 0.10% to 0.25%, varyingpayable quarterly based on the Rating Level.average undrawn portion of the 2022 Facility at rates ranging from 0.125% to 0.275%, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt.
We had no borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2019 under our unsecured $700 million, 5-year revolving credit facility, maturing on May 1, 2023. We entered into this facility in connection with our previously announced strategy to reduce our exposure to the sugar milling business in Brazil. This facility is upon fulfillment of certain conditions convertible into a non-recourse secured term loan facility with our sugar milling business as the borrower, and therewith providing financial flexibility for us to fund our sugar milling business on a stand-alone basis. Additionally, subject to lender approval, we may request an increase, in an amount not to exceed $100 million, to the revolving credit facility commitments pursuant to an accordion provision set forth in the revolving credit facility.
Our commercial paper program is supported by committed back-up bank credit lines (the ‘‘Liquidity Facility’’) equal to the amount of the commercial paper program provided by lending institutions that are required to be rated at least A-1 by Standard & Poor’s and P-1 by Moody’s Investor Services. The cost of borrowing under the Liquidity Facility would typically be higher than the cost of issuance under our commercial paper program. At September 30, 2017, noMarch 31, 2019, $596 million of borrowings were outstanding under the commercial paper program and no borrowings were outstanding under the Liquidity Facility. The Liquidity Facility is our only revolving credit facility that requires lenders to maintain minimum credit ratings.

In addition to committed credit facilities, from time to time, we, through our financing subsidiaries, we enter into bilateral short-term credit lines as necessary based on our financing requirements. At September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 there were $395$275 million of borrowings outstanding under these bilateral short-term credit lines.

lines
.
Short and long-term debt - Our short and long-term debt increased by $1,290$596 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 from December 31, 2016,2018, primarily due to the funding of working capital financing requirements. For the nine month periodthree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, our average short and long-term debt outstanding was approximately $5,438$6,007 million compared to approximately $5,183$5,590 million for the ninethree months ended at September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. Our long-term debt balance was $4,533$4,235 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 compared to $4,007$4,622 million at December 31, 2016.2018. The following table summarizes our short-term debt at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
(US$ in millions) Outstanding
Balance at
Quarter End
 Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate at
Quarter End (1)
 Highest
Balance
Outstanding
During
Quarter (1)
 Average
Balance
During Quarter (1)
 Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
During
Quarter (1)
Bank borrowings $1,021
 3.59% $1,450
 $1,298
 3.06%
Commercial paper 
 
 595
 273
 1.42%
Total $1,021
 3.59% $2,045
 $1,571
 2.78%
(US$ in millions) Outstanding
Balance at March 31, 2019
 Weighted Average
Interest Rate at
March 31, 2019
 Highest Balance
Outstanding During
Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
 Average Balance
During Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
 Weighted Average
Interest Rate
During Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
Bank borrowings (1)
 $1,137
 6.91% $1,137
 $953
 6.50%
Commercial paper 596
 2.96% 596
 397
 3.03%
Total $1,733
 

 $1,733
 $1,350
 

 
(1)Includes $179$213 million of local currency bank borrowings in certain Central and Eastern European, South American, African and Asia Pacific countries at a weighted average interest rate of 11.60%22.11% as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
In connection with Bunge entering into a definitive agreement to acquire a 70% ownership interest in IOI Loders Croklaan from IOI Corporation Berhad (the “Loders Acquisition”), on September 12, 2017, we entered into an unsecured $900 million term loan agreement. Following the completion of the offering of senior notes described below, effective as of September 25, 2017, we terminated the loan agreement.  No funds had been drawn under the loan agreement as of the date of termination.
On September 25, 2017, we completed the sale and issuance of $400 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% unsecured senior notes due September 25, 2022 and $600 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% unsecured senior notes due September 25, 2027. The senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Bunge Limited. The offering was made pursuant to a registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Interest on the senior notes is payable semi-annually in arrears in March and September of each year, commencing on March 25, 2018. The net proceeds of the offering were approximately $989 million after deducting underwriting commissions and offering expenses.  We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund the purchase price for the Loders Acquisition. Pending the closing of the Loders Acquisition, the net proceeds from the offering were used to repay outstanding indebtedness of Bunge.
The following table summarizes our short and long-term indebtedness:

(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017

December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2019

December 31,
2018
Short-term debt: (1)
  
  
 20
  
Short-term debt (2)
 $1,021
 $257
 $1,733
 $750
Current portion of long-term debt 287
 938
 414
 419
Total short-term debt 1,308
 1,195
 2,147
 1,169
    
Long-term debt (3):
  
  
  
  
    
Revolving credit facilities expiry 2018 200
 
Revolving credit facility expiry 2020 100
 500
Term loan due 2019 - three-month Yen LIBOR plus 0.75% (Tranche A) 253
 243
 257
 258
Term loan due 2019 - fixed Yen interest rate of 0.96% (Tranche B) 53
 51
 54
 54
Term loan due 2019 - three-month LIBOR plus 1.30% (Tranche C) 85
 85
 85
 85
Revolving credit facility expiry 2022 (4)
 75
 
5.90% Senior Notes due 2017 
 250
3.20% Senior Notes due 2017 
 600
8.50% Senior Notes due 2019 600
 600
3.50% Senior Notes due 2020 497
 497
 499
 498
3.00% Senior Notes due 2022 397
 
 397
 397
1.85% Senior Notes due 2023 - Euro
 945
 843
 899
 916
4.35% Senior Notes due 2024 595
 595
3.25% Senior Notes due 2026 694
 694
 695
 695
3.75% Senior Notes due 2027 594
 
 594
 594
Other 140
 144
 60
 30
Subtotal 4,533
 4,007
 4,235
 4,622
Less: Current portion of long-term debt (287) (938) (414) (419)
Total long-term debt 4,246
 3,069
 3,821
 4,203
Total debt $5,554
 $4,264
 $5,968
 $5,372
 
(1) 
Includes secured debt of $7$4 million and $7$9 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.

(2) 
Includes $179$213 million and $148$136 million of local currency bank borrowings in certain Central and Eastern European, South American, African and Asia-Pacific countries at a weighted average interest rate of 11.60%22.11% and 13.63%23.61% as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.
(3) 
Includes secured debt of $35$26 million and $34$17 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.
(4) On September 6, 2017, Bunge entered into an amendment agreement to its unsecured $865 million Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2014, which extends the maturity date to September 6, 2022.

Credit Ratings Bunge’s debt ratings and outlook by major credit rating agencies at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was as follows:
  
Short-term
Debt (1)
 
Long-term
Debt
 Outlook
Standard & Poor’s A-1 BBB StableNegative
Moody’s P-1 Baa2Baa3 NegativeStable
Fitch F1 BBBBBB- Stable
 
(1)Short-term debt rating applies only to Bunge Asset Funding Corp., the issuer under our commercial paper program.
Our debt agreements do not have any credit rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate maturity of our debt. However, credit rating downgrades would increase our borrowing costs under our syndicated credit facilities and, depending on their severity, could impede our ability to obtain credit facilities or access the capital markets in the future on competitive

terms. A significant increase in our borrowing costs could impair our ability to compete effectively in our business relative to competitors with higher credit ratings.
Our credit facilities and certain senior notes require us to comply with specified financial covenants including minimum net worth, minimum current ratio, a maximum debt to capitalization ratio and limitations on secured indebtedness. We were in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
Trade Receivable Securitization Program - Bunge and certain of its subsidiariesWe participate in $700 milliona trade receivablesreceivable securitization program (the "Program"), which provides us with an additional source of liquidity. The Program terminates on May 26, 2021. However,2021, however, each committed purchaser’spurchaser's commitment to fund trade receivables sold under the Program will terminatewould have terminated on May 26, 2019 unless extended in accordance with the terms of the receivables transfer agreement. On February 19, 2019, we extended the committed purchasers' commitments to fund trade accounts receivables under the Program until May 26, 2020 and exercised a portion of the $300 million accordion feature under the Program to increase the aggregate size of the facility by $100 million to an aggregate of $800 million.
Equity
Total equity is set forth in the following table:
(US$ in millions) September 30,
2017

December 31, 2016 March 31,
2019

December 31, 2018
Equity:  
  
  
  
Convertible perpetual preference shares $690
 $690
 $690
 $690
Common shares 1
 1
 1
 1
Additional paid-in capital 5,223
 5,143
 5,284
 5,278
Retained earnings 8,214
 8,208
 8,045
 8,059
Accumulated other comprehensive income (5,662) (5,978) (7,000) (6,935)
Treasury shares, at cost - 2017 and 2016 - 12,882,313 shares, respectively (920) (920)
Treasury shares, at cost - 2019 and 2018 - 12,882,313 shares (920) (920)
Total Bunge shareholders’ equity 7,546
 7,144
 6,100
 6,173
Noncontrolling interest 204
 199
 204
 205
Total equity $7,750
 $7,343
 $6,304
 $6,378
Total Bunge shareholders’ equity was $7,546$6,100 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 compared to $7,144$6,173 million at December 31, 2016.2018. The increasedecrease in shareholders’ equity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to $23 million of losses associated with hedging activities, $20 million cumulative translation gains of $445 millionloss and $220 million net income attributable to Bunge for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These increases were partially offset by declared dividends to common and preferred shareholders of $189$71 million and $25$8 million, respectively.respectively, partially offset by $45 million of net income attributable to Bunge.
Noncontrolling interest increaseddecreased to $204 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 from $199$205 million at December 31, 2016, primarily due to income attributable to our noncontrolling interest entities and the effect of currency translation, partially offset by dividends to noncontrolling interests.2018.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had 6,899,7006,899,683 of 4.875% cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares outstanding with an aggregate liquidation preference of $690 million. Each convertible perpetual preference share has an initial liquidation preference of $100, which will be adjusted for any accumulated and unpaid dividends. The convertible perpetual preference shares carry an annual dividend of $4.875 per share payable quarterly. As a result of adjustments made to the initial conversion price because cash dividends paid on Bunge Limited’s common shares exceeded certain specified thresholds, each convertible perpetual preference share is convertible, at the holder’s option, at any time into 1.16401.1995 Bunge Limited common shares, based on the conversion price of $85.91$83.3696 per share, subject to certain additional anti-dilution adjustments (which represents 8,031,2518,276,170 Bunge Limited common shares at September 30, 2017)March 31, 2019). At any time, if the closing price of our common shares equals or exceeds 130% of the conversion price for 20 trading days during any consecutive 30 trading days (including the last trading day of such period), we may elect to cause the convertible perpetual preference shares to be automatically converted into Bunge Limited common shares at the then-prevailing conversion price. The convertible perpetual preference shares are not redeemable by us at any time.
Cash Flows
Our cash flows from operations vary depending on, among other items, the market prices and timing of the purchase and sale of our inventories. Generally, during periods when commodity prices are rising, our Agribusiness operations require increased use of cash to support working capital to acquire inventories and fund daily settlement requirements on exchange traded futures that we use to minimize price risk related to the purchase and sale of our inventories.
For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents decreasedand restricted cash increased by $545$76 million, reflecting the net effect of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities. This comparescompared to a decrease of $114$313 million in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.

March 31, 2018.
Cash used for operating activities was $302$402 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $635$1,773 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. Net cash outflows for operating activities was lower for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017, principallyMarch 31, 2019, primarily due to increasedlower working capital requirements, the lower use of cash associated with beneficial interests in securitized trade receivables, and lowerhigher net income including adjustments for non-cash items,during 2019 compared to the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018.
Certain of our non-U.S. operating subsidiaries are primarily funded with U.S. dollar-denominated debt, while currency risk is hedged with U.S. dollar-denominated assets. The functional currency of our operating subsidiaries is generally the local currency. Also, certain of our U.S. dollar functional operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. are partially funded with local currency borrowings, while the currency risk is hedged with local currency denominated assets. The financial statements of our subsidiaries are calculated in the functional currency, and when the local currency is the functional currency, translated into U.S. dollar. U.S. dollar-denominated loans are remeasured into their respective functional currencies at exchange rates at the applicable balance sheet date. Also, certain of our U.S. dollar functional operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. are partially funded with local currency borrowings, while the currency risk is hedged with local currency denominated assets. Local currency loans in U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries outside the U.S. are remeasured into U.S. dollardollars at the exchange rate aton the applicable balance sheet date. The resulting gain or loss is included in our condensed consolidated statements of income as foreign exchange gains or losses. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, we recorded a foreign exchange losscurrency losses on our debt of $28$37 million and a loss of $115$33 million, respectively, which were included as adjustments to reconcile net income to cash used for operating activities in the line item “Foreign exchange (gain) loss on net debt” in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. This adjustment is required because the cash flow impacts ofas these gains or losses are non-cash items and will representthat arise from financing activities when the subsidiary repays the underlying debt and therefore will have no impact on cash flows from operations.
Cash used for investing activities was $1,234$41 million in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 compared to $667$707 million in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, payments were made for capital expenditures of $485$119 million, primarily related to upgrade and expansion of an export terminal in the U.S., replanting of sugarcane for our industrial sugar business, the expansion of one crushing facility in Brazil and upgrade of our crush facility in Italy. In addition, we acquired two oilseed processing plants in the Netherlands and France for $318 million, and an olive oil and seed oil producer in Turkey for $23 million, net of cash acquired. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, payments made for capital expenditures were $488 million, primarily related to upgrade and expansion of an export terminal in the U.S., replanting of sugarcane for our industrial sugar business in Brazil, and continued constructionas well as other capital projects at various facilities. In addition, payments were made for investments of a wheat milling facility$193 million, primarily related to deposits in Brazil. We also hadSouth America related to financial services, which were partially offset by proceeds from such investments of $37 million. Additionally, cash outflows of $51 million occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the settlement of Brazilian real denominated net investment hedges, as a result of $210the depreciation of the Brazilian real relative to the U.S. dollar in 2019. Cash provided by investing activities was primarily associated with proceeds of $275 million from beneficial interests in securitized trade receivables. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018, payments made for capital expenditures were $105 million, primarily related to replanting of sugarcane for our industrial sugar business in Brazil, as well as other capital projects at various facilities. In addition, we acquired Loders for $895 million, net of cash acquired and Minsa Corporation for $73 million, net of cash acquired. These payments were partially offset by proceeds of $662 million from beneficial interests in securitized trade receivables. In addition, payments were made for investments of $620 million, primarily related to deposits, treasuries and bonds in South America related to financial services, which were substantially offset by proceeds from such investments of $336 million.
Cash provided by financing activities was $969$513 million in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, compared to cash used for financing activities of $102$2,174 million in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. In the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the net increase of $1,152 $590

million in borrowings was primarily reflected higherrelated to the funding of working capital needs, payments for investments and to fund acquisitions and finance capital expenditures. In addition, we paid dividends of $207$79 million to our common shareholders and holders of our convertible preference shares. In the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, the net increase of $2,248 million in borrowings was primarily related to the funding of acquisitions, working capital needs and to finance capital expenditures. In addition, we paid dividends of $191$73 million to our common shareholders and holders of our convertible preference shares. Further, in connection with our common share repurchase program, in 2016 we purchased 3,296,230 of our common shares at a cost of $200 million.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Guarantees - We have issued or were a party to the following guarantees at September 30, 2017:March 31, 2019:
(US$ in millions) 
Maximum
Potential
Future
Payments
 
Maximum
Potential
Future
Payments
Unconsolidated affiliates financing (1)(2)
 $169
Unconsolidated affiliates guarantee (1)(2)
 $310
Residual value guarantee (3)
 227
 264
Total $396
 $574
 
(1) 
We have issued guarantees to certain financial institutions related to debt of certain of our unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the terms of the related financings which have maturity dates in 2017 through 2022.2034. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable us to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. At September 30, 2017,In addition, one of our subsidiaries has guaranteed the obligations of two of its affiliates and in connection therewith has secured its guarantee obligations through a pledge of one of its affiliate's shares plus loans receivable from the affiliate to the financial institutions in the event that the guaranteed obligations are enforced. Based on the amounts drawn under such debt facilities at March 31, 2019, our potential liability was $147 million, and we have recorded noa $19 million obligation related to these guarantees.
(2) 
We have issued guarantees to certain third parties related to performance of our unconsolidated affiliates. The termterms of the guarantees are equal to the completion date of a port terminal which is expected to be completed in 2020. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable us to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. At September 30, 2017, we recordedMarch 31, 2019, Bunge's maximum potential future payments under these guarantees was $64 million, and no obligation has been recorded related to these guarantees.

(3) 
We have issued guarantees to certain financial institutions which are party to certain operating lease arrangements for railcars and barges. These guarantees provide for a minimum residual value to be received by the lessor at the conclusion of the lease term. These leases expire at various dates from 20182019 through 2021.2024. At September 30, 2017, ourMarch 31, 2019, no obligation has been recorded obligation related to these guarantees was $3 million.guarantees. Any obligation recorded would be recognized in Current operating lease obligations or Non-current operating lease obligations (see Note 4, Leases, to our condensed consolidated financial statements).
Bunge Limited hasWe have provided a guarantee to the Director of the Illinois Department of Agriculture as Trustee for Bunge North America, Inc. (“BNA”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, which guarantees all amounts due and owing by BNA, to grain producers and/or depositors in the State of Illinois who have delivered commodities to BNA’s Illinois facilities.
In addition, Bunge Limited has provided full and unconditional parent level guarantees of the outstanding indebtedness under certain credit facilities entered into and senior notes issued by its 100% owned subsidiaries. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, debt with a carrying amount of $5,229$5,302 million related to these guarantees is included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. This debt includes the senior notes issued by two of our 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe B.V. There are largely no significant restrictions on the ability of Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe B.V. or any other of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to Bunge Limited.
Dividends
We paid a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.46$0.50 per share on September 5, 2017March 4, 2019 to common shareholders of record on August 22, 2017.February 19, 2019. In addition, we paid a quarterly dividend of $1.21875 per share on our cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares on SeptemberMarch 1, 20172019 to shareholders of record on AugustFebruary 15, 2017.2019. On August 8, 2017,March 13, 2019, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.46$0.50 per common share. The dividend will be payable on December 4, 2017June 3, 2019 to common shareholders of record on NovemberMay 20, 2017.2019. We also announced on August 8, 2017March 13, 2019 that we will pay a quarterly cash dividend of $1.21875 per share on our cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares on DecemberJune 1, 20172019 to shareholders of record on NovemberMay 15, 2017.2019.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies are defined as those policies that are significant to our financial condition and results of operations and require management to exercise significant judgment. For a complete discussion of our accounting policies, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There were no material changes to Bunge’s critical accounting policies during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. For recent accounting pronouncements refer to Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Risk Management
As a result of our global operating, investing and financing activities, we are exposed to changes in, among other things, agricultural commodity prices, transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy costs which may affect our results of operations and financial position. We actively monitor and manage these various market risks associated with our business activities. Our risk management decisions take place in various locations, but exposure limits are centrally set and monitored, operating under a global governance framework. Our corporate risk management group analyzes and monitors various risk exposures globally. Additionally, our Board of Directors’Directors' Finance and Risk Policy Committee oversees our global market risk governance framework, including all risk management policies and limits.
We use derivative instruments for the purpose of managing the exposures associated with commodity prices, transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy costs and for positioning our overall portfolio relative to potentialexpected market movements in accordance with established policies and procedures. We enter into derivative instruments primarily with major financial institutions, commodity exchanges in the case of commodity futures and options, major financial institutions, or approved exchange clearing shipping companies in the case of ocean freight. While these derivative instruments are subject to fluctuations in value, for hedged exposures those fluctuations are generally offset by the changes in fair value of the underlying exposures. The derivative instruments that we use for hedging purposes are intended to reduce the volatility on our results of operations; however, they can occasionally result in earnings volatility, which may be material. See Note 1112 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a more detailed discussion of our use of derivative instruments.
Credit and Counterparty Risk
Through our normal business activities, we are subject to significant credit and counterparty risks that arise through normal commercial sales and purchases, including forward commitments to buy or sell, and through various other OTC derivative instruments that we utilize to manage risks inherent in our business activities. We define credit and counterparty risk as a potential financial loss due to the failure of a counterparty to honor its obligations. The exposure is measured based upon several factors, including unpaid accounts receivable from counterparties and unrealized gains from forward cash contracts, as well as OTC derivative instruments (including forward purchase and sale contracts).instruments. Credit and counterparty risk also includes sovereign credit risk. We actively monitor credit and counterparty risk through regular review of exposures and credit analysis by the localregional credit staff andteams, as well as review by various localglobal and corporate committees which monitor credit and counterparty performance. We record provisions for counterparty losses from time to time as a result of our credit and counterparty analysis.
During periods of tight conditions in global credit markets, downturns in regional or global economic conditions, and/or significant price volatility, credit and counterparty risks are heightened. This increased risk is monitored through, among other things, exposure reporting, increased communication with key counterparties, management reviews and specific focus on counterparties or groups of counterparties that we may determine as high risk. In addition, we may limit new credit extensionshave limited exposures and limits in certain cases and reduced our use of non-exchange cleared derivative instruments.
Commodities Risk
We operate in many areas of the food industry, from agricultural raw materials to the production and sale of branded food products. As a result, we purchase and produce various materials, many of which are agricultural commodities, includingincluding: soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal, palm oil, softseeds (including sunflower seed, rapeseed and canola) and related oil and meal derived from them, wheat, barley, shea nut, and corn. In addition, we grow and purchase sugarcane to produce sugar, ethanol and electricity. Agricultural commodities are subject to price fluctuations due to a number of unpredictable factors that may create price risk. As described above, we are also subject to the risk of counterparty non-performance under forward purchase or sale contracts. From time to time, we have experienced instances of counterparty non-performance, including as a result of significant declines in counterparty profitability under these contracts due to significant movements in commodity prices between the time the contracts were executed and the contractual forward delivery period.
We enter into various derivative contracts with the primary objective of managing our exposure to adverse price movements in the agricultural commodities used and produced in our business operations. We have established policies that limit the amount of unhedged fixed price agricultural commodity positions permissible for our operating companies, which are generally a combination of volumevolumetric and value-at-risk (“VaR”("VaR") limits. We measure and review our net commodities position on a daily basis. BungeWe also employsemploy stress testing techniques in order to quantify its exposures to price and liquidity risks under non-normal or event driven market conditions.
Our daily net agricultural commodity position consists of inventory, forward purchase and sale contracts, and OTC and exchange traded derivative instruments, including those used to hedge portions of our production requirements. The fair value of that position is a summation of the fair values calculated for each agricultural commodity by valuing all of our

commodity positions at quoted market prices for the period where available or utilizing a close proxy. VaR is calculated on the net position and

monitored at the 95% confidence interval. In addition, scenario analysis and stress testing are performed. For example, one measure of market risk is estimated as the potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in prices. The results of this analysis, which may differ from actual results, are as follows:
 Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 Year Ended
December 31, 2016
 Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 Year Ended
December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions) Value 
Market
Risk
 Value 
Market
Risk
 Value 
Market
Risk
 Value 
Market
Risk
Highest daily aggregated position value $685
 $(69) $1,207
 $(121) $405
 $(41) $2,131
 $(213)
Lowest daily aggregated position value $(711) $(71) $(682) $(68) $(673) $(67) $(624) $(62)
Ocean Freight Risk
Ocean freight represents a significant portion of our operating costs. The market price for ocean freight varies depending on the supply and demand for ocean vessels, global economic conditions and other factors. We enter into time charter agreements for time on ocean freight vessels based on forecasted requirements for the purpose of transporting agricultural commodities. Our time charter agreements generally have terms ranging from two months to approximately seven years. We use financial derivatives, generally freight forward agreements, to hedge portions of our ocean freight costs. The ocean freight derivatives are included in other current assets and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value.
Energy Risk
We purchase various energy commodities such as electricity, natural gas and bunker fuel, that are used to operate our manufacturing facilities and ocean freight vessels. We produce ethanol as part of our sugar milling operations and we also refine and produce biofuels. The energy commodities are subject to price risk. We use financial derivatives, including exchange traded and OTC swaps and options for various purposes including to manage our exposure to volatility in energy costs.costs and market prices. These energy derivatives are included in other current assets and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value.
Currency Risk
Our global operations require active participation in foreign exchange markets. Our primary foreign currency exposures are the Brazilian real, Canadian dollar, the euro and other European currencies, the Argentine peso,Euro and the Chinese yuan/renminbi. To reduce the risk arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations, we enter into derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options. The changes in market value of such contracts have a high correlation to the price changes in the related currency exposures. The potential loss in fair value for such net currency position resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was not material.
When determining our exposure, we exclude intercompany loans that are deemed to be permanently invested. The repayments of permanently invested intercompany loans are not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future and therefore, are treated as analogous to equity for accounting purposes. As a result, the foreign exchange gains and losses on these borrowings are excluded from the determination of net income and recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Included in other comprehensive income (loss) are foreign exchange losses of $101$13 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and foreign exchange losses of $257$344 million for the year ended December 31, 20162018 related to permanently invested intercompany loans.
We have significant operations in Argentina and, up until June 30, 2018, had utilized the official exchange rate of the Argentine peso published by the Argentine government for its commercial transactions and re-measurement purposes of financial statements. Argentina has experienced negative economic trends, as evidenced by multiple periods of increasing inflation rates, devaluation of the peso, and increasing borrowing rates, requiring the Argentine government to take mitigating actions. During the second quarter of 2018, it was determined that Argentina's economy should be considered highly inflationary, and as such, beginning on July 1, 2018, our Argentine subsidiaries changed their functional currency to the U.S. Dollar. This change in functional currency did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
We have debt in fixed and floating rate instruments. We are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates. We may enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage our interest rate exposure related to our debt portfolio.

The aggregate fair value of our short and long-term debt based on market yields at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, was $5,735$5,984 million with a carrying value of $5,554$5,968 million. There was no significant change in our interest rate risk at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the interest yields on our senior note debt at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 would result in a decrease of approximately $83$62 million in the fair value of our debt. Similarly, a decrease of 100 basis points in the interest yields on our debt at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 would cause an increase of approximately $83$66 million in the fair value of our debt.
A hypothetical 1% change in LIBOR would result in a change of approximately $37$45 million in our interest expense on our variable rate debt at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. Some of our variable rate debt is denominated in currencies other than in U.S. dollars and is indexed to non-U.S. dollar-based interest rate indices, such as EURIBOR and TJLP and certain benchmark rates in local bank markets. As such, the hypothetical 1% change in interest rate ignores the potential impact of any currency movements.

ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures - Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including the principal executive and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting - There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the thirdfirst quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
As part of the GCP (see Note 3 -  Global Competitiveness Program, to our condensed consolidated financial statements), the Company is simplifying organizational structures, streamlining processes and consolidating back office functions globally. In connection with this initiative, the Company has and will continue to align and streamline the design and operation of its internal controls over financial reporting. This initiative is not in response to any identified deficiency or weakness in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting, but is expected, over time, to result in changes to the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.


PART II.
INFORMATION
ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in litigation that we consider to be ordinary and other claims, investigations and proceedings incidental to our business. While the outcome of pending legal actionsthese matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe the outcome of these proceedings, net of established reserves, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
For a discussion of certain legal and tax matters relating to Argentina and Brazil, see Notes 9 and 15Note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, we are a party to a large number of labor and civil and other claims relating to our Brazilian operations. We have reserved an aggregate of $90$68 million and $73$66 million, for labor and civil claims, respectively, as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. The labor claims primarily relate to dismissals, severance, health and safety, salary adjustments and supplementary retirement benefits. The civil claims relate to various legal proceedings and disputes, including disputes with suppliers and customers and include approximately 95128 million Brazilian reais (approximately $30$33 million as of September 30, 2017)March 31, 2019) related to a legacy environmental claim in Brazil.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 20162018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.

ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION
To enhance retention and align with market practice, on November 1, 2017, the Company entered into executive change of control severance agreements (the “agreements”) with its executive officers, including the named executive officers identified in the Company’s proxy statement (other than Soren Schroder, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, whose existing employment agreement contains a change of control provision).
The agreements, which reflect a double trigger change of control provision, provide for cash severance benefits if the executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” or by the individual for “good reason,” in each case before the second anniversary of a “change of control” of the Company, as those terms are defined in the agreements. The agreements provide that, upon a qualifying termination, the executive would be entitled to a lump sum payment equal to (i) 24 months of the executive’s base salary in effect immediately prior to the termination date, and (ii) an amount equal to two times the executive’s annual target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs.
In addition, the executive will be entitled to receive accelerated vesting of all outstanding equity awards, with any stock options remaining exercisable for the remainder of their full term, and with unvested performance-based equity awards deemed vested at the greater of (i) actual performance or (ii) target levels with respect to performance goals or other vesting criteria.
The agreements provide that the Company’s obligations to pay severance benefits under the agreements is subject to the execution by the executive of a general release of claims against the Company and contain an 18-month non-competition covenant. The agreements do not provide for a tax gross-up.
The foregoing is a summary of the terms of the change of control agreements and does not purport to be complete. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of change of control agreement filed as an exhibit to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.None

ITEM 6.EXHIBITS
(a) The exhibits in the accompanying Exhibit Index on page E-1 are filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report.

EXHIBIT INDEX
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
Employment Agreement, dated April 25, 2019, between Bunge Limited and Gregory A. Heckman (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2019).
101The following financial information from Bunge Limited’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.*
*Filed herewith.
E-1

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  BUNGE LIMITED
   
   
Date: November 1, 2017May 8, 2019 By:/s/ Thomas M. Boehlert
   Thomas M. Boehlert
   Chief Financial Officer
    
    
   /s/ J. Matt Simmons, Jr.
   J. Matt Simmons, Jr.
   Controller and Principal Accounting Officer

EXHIBIT INDEX
47
Form of Executive Change of Control Agreement.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
101
The following financial information from Bunge Limited’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.*
*Filed herewith.
E-1


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