UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018
or
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     .
Commission File Number: 001-32269
 
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
 
Maryland 20-1076777
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 300
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (801) 365-4600
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company;company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x  Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer 
o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o
    Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o    No  x




The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, as of October 31, 2017,August 2, 2018, was 126,007,803.126,502,100.


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  
  



STATEMENT ON FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Certain information presented in this report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenues or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs, plans or intentions relating to acquisitions and other information that is not historical information. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “anticipates” or “intends,” or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy. We may also make additional forward-looking statements from time to time. All such subsequent forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, by us or on our behalf, are also expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

All forward-looking statements, including without limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends and estimates of future earnings, are based upon our current expectations and various assumptions. Our expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them, but there can be no assurance that management’s expectations, beliefs and projections will result or be achieved. All forward-looking statements apply only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in or contemplated by this report. Any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of the risks referenced in “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” below and in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such factors include, but are not limited to:
 
adverse changes in general economic conditions, the real estate industry and the markets in which we operate;
failure to close pending acquisitions and developments on expected terms, or at all;
the effect of competition from new and existing stores or other storage alternatives, which could cause rents and occupancy rates to decline;
difficulties in our ability to evaluate, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions and developments successfully and to lease up those stores, which could adversely affect our profitability;
potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;
the impact of the regulatory environment as well as national, state and local laws and regulations including, without limitation, those governing real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), tenant reinsurance and other aspects of our business, which could adversely affect our results;
disruptions in credit and financial markets and resulting difficulties in raising capital or obtaining credit at reasonable rates or at all, which could impede our ability to grow;
increased interest rates and operating costs;
the failure to effectively manage our growth and expansion into new markets or to successfully operate acquired properties and operations;rates;
reductions in asset valuations and related impairment charges;
the failureour lack of sole decision-making authority with respect to our joint venture partnersinvestments;
the effect of recent or future changes to fulfill their obligations to us or their pursuit of actions that are inconsistent with our objectives;U.S. tax laws;
the failure to maintain our REIT status for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
economic uncertainty due to the impact of natural disasters, war or terrorism, which could adversely affect our business plan;plan.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and
difficulties expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations are subject to risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our abilityforward-looking statements. You should carefully consider these risks before you make an investment decision with respect to attract and retain qualified personnel and management members.our securities.

We disclaim any duty or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements set forth in this report to reflect new information, future events or otherwise.


PART I.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Extra Space Storage Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
 
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
Assets:      
Real estate assets, net$6,770,086
 $6,770,447
$7,390,080
 $7,132,431
Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures78,512
 79,570
97,556
 75,907
Cash and cash equivalents63,732
 43,858
49,194
 55,683
Restricted cash17,277
 13,884
19,912
 30,361
Receivables from related parties and affiliated real estate joint ventures4,618
 16,611
Other assets, net152,730
 167,076
165,207
 166,571
Total assets$7,086,955
 $7,091,446
$7,721,949
 $7,460,953
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests and Equity:      
Notes payable, net$3,568,113
 $3,213,588
$3,829,564
 $3,738,497
Exchangeable senior notes, net602,485
 610,314
570,425
 604,276
Notes payable to trusts, net117,414
 117,321
117,506
 117,444
Revolving lines of credit25,000
 365,000
250,000
 94,000
Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures43,737
 5,816
Accounts payable and accrued expenses114,247
 101,388
107,252
 96,087
Other liabilities85,971
 87,669
87,663
 81,026
Total liabilities4,513,230
 4,495,280
5,006,147
 4,737,146
Commitments and contingencies
 

 
Noncontrolling Interests and Equity:      
Extra Space Storage Inc. stockholders' equity:      
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding
 

 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 126,007,207 and 125,881,460 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively1,260
 1,259
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 126,146,055 and 126,007,091 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively1,261
 1,260
Additional paid-in capital2,567,234
 2,566,120
2,554,447
 2,569,485
Accumulated other comprehensive income17,731
 16,770
62,930
 33,290
Accumulated deficit(370,959) (339,257)(276,688) (253,284)
Total Extra Space Storage Inc. stockholders' equity2,215,266
 2,244,892
2,341,950
 2,350,751
Noncontrolling interest represented by Preferred Operating Partnership units, net of $120,230 notes receivable154,432
 147,920
Noncontrolling interest represented by Preferred Operating Partnership units, net of $119,735 and $120,230 notes receivable as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively160,104
 159,636
Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership202,232
 203,354
213,509
 213,301
Other noncontrolling interests1,795
 
239
 119
Total noncontrolling interests and equity2,573,725
 2,596,166
2,715,802
 2,723,807
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and equity$7,086,955
 $7,091,446
$7,721,949
 $7,460,953

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Extra Space Storage Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Revenues:    
         
Property rental$248,589
 $224,451
 $720,878
 $635,730
$258,128
 $240,796
 $506,014
 $472,289
Tenant reinsurance25,882
 22,727
 73,050
 64,936
28,521
 24,313
 55,555
 47,168
Management fees and other income9,685
 10,005
 29,239
 30,193
10,164
 10,894
 20,729
 19,554
Total revenues284,156
 257,183
 823,167
 730,859
296,813
 276,003
 582,298
 539,011
Expenses:              
Property operations70,430
 62,341
 204,370
 185,883
73,083
 67,295
 145,836
 133,940
Tenant reinsurance6,272
 4,093
 13,996
 12,345
5,471
 3,804
 11,078
 7,724
Acquisition related costs and other
 1,933
 
 9,124
General and administrative19,498
 19,537
 60,171
 63,451
21,651
 21,865
 43,115
 40,673
Depreciation and amortization48,075
 46,555
 144,139
 133,402
51,892
 46,632
 103,641
 96,064
Total expenses144,275
 134,459
 422,676
 404,205
152,097
 139,596
 303,670
 278,401
Income from operations139,881
 122,724
 400,491
 326,654
144,716
 136,407
 278,628
 260,610
Gain (loss) on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate
 
 (6,019) 9,814
Loss on real estate transactions and impairment of real estate
 (6,019) 
 (6,019)
Interest expense(39,766) (33,494) (113,192) (97,655)(43,347) (37,456) (84,313) (73,426)
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on equity component of exchangeable senior notes(1,268) (1,243) (3,827) (3,716)(1,176) (1,290) (2,385) (2,559)
Interest income869
 1,358
 2,797
 4,697
1,188
 1,485
 2,626
 3,800
Interest income on note receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holder532
 1,213
 2,404
 3,638
Income before equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures and income tax expense100,248
 90,558
 282,654
 243,432
101,381
 93,127
 194,556
 182,406
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures3,990
 3,625
 11,407
 9,813
3,429
 3,838
 7,026
 7,417
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partners' interests
 37,509
 
 64,432
Income tax expense(3,163) (4,466) (9,154) (11,004)(2,097) (2,867) (3,439) (5,991)
Net income101,075
 127,226
 284,907
 306,673
102,713
 94,098
 198,143
 183,832
Net income allocated to Preferred Operating Partnership noncontrolling interests(3,394) (4,144) (10,775) (10,758)(3,492) (3,430) (6,882) (7,381)
Net income allocated to Operating Partnership and other noncontrolling interests(3,917) (4,994) (11,080) (12,191)(4,068) (3,662) (7,852) (7,163)
Net income attributable to common stockholders$93,764
 $118,088
 $263,052
 $283,724
$95,153
 $87,006
 $183,409
 $169,288
Earnings per common share              
Basic$0.74
 $0.94
 $2.09
 $2.26
$0.75
 $0.69
 $1.45
 $1.34
Diluted$0.74
 $0.93
 $2.07
 $2.24
$0.75
 $0.69
 $1.45
 $1.33
Weighted average number of shares              
Basic125,717,517
 125,752,291
 125,665,787
 125,244,761
125,874,130
 125,673,156
 125,823,581
 125,639,480
Diluted133,044,473
 133,763,472
 133,008,622
 132,476,691
132,772,772
 132,783,402
 132,992,734
 132,759,354
Cash dividends paid per common share$0.78
 $0.78
 $2.34
 $2.15
$0.86
 $0.78
 $1.64
 $1.56

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Extra Space Storage Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Net income$101,075
 $127,226
 $284,907
 $306,673
$102,713
 $94,098
 $198,143
 $183,832
Other comprehensive income (loss):              
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps759
 13,374
 992
 (36,571)8,033
 (6,101) 31,096
 233
Total comprehensive income101,834
 140,600
 285,899
 270,102
110,746
 87,997
 229,239
 184,065
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests7,342
 9,761
 21,886
 21,120
7,934
 6,804
 16,190
 14,544
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders$94,492
 $130,839
 $264,013
 $248,982
$102,812
 $81,193
 $213,049
 $169,521


See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Extra Space Storage Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Noncontrolling Interests and Equity
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
Noncontrolling Interests Extra Space Storage Inc. Stockholders' Equity  Noncontrolling Interests Extra Space Storage Inc. Stockholders' Equity  
Preferred Operating Partnership                Preferred Operating Partnership                
Series A Series B Series C Series D Operating Partnership Other Shares Par Value Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Deficit Total Noncontrolling Interests and EquitySeries A Series B Series C Series D Operating Partnership Other Shares Par Value Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Deficit Total Noncontrolling Interests and Equity
Balances at December 31, 2016$14,385
 $41,902
 $10,730
 $80,903
 $203,354
 $
 125,881,460
 $1,259
 $2,566,120
 $16,770
 $(339,257) $2,596,166
Balances at December 31, 2017$14,940
 $41,902
 $10,730
 $92,064
 $213,301
 $119
 126,007,091
 $1,260
 $2,569,485
 $33,290
 $(253,284) $2,723,807
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options
 
 
 
 
 
 38,418
 
 1,266
 
 
 1,266

 
 
 
 
 
 54,575
 1
 1,169
 
 
 1,170
Restricted stock grants issued
 
 
 
 
 
 93,796
 1
 (1) 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 81,470
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted stock grants cancelled
 
 
 
 
 
 (6,467) 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 (7,081) 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense related to stock-based awards
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,244
 
 
 7,244

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,842
 
 
 5,842
Repayment of receivable for preferred operating units pledged as collateral on loan
 
 495
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 495
Issuance of Operating Partnership units in conjunction with acquisitions
 
 
 
 2,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,000

 
 
 
 1,877
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,877
Redemption of Operating Partnership units for stock
 
 
 
 (383) 
 10,000
 
 383
 
 
 
Redemption of Operating Partnership units for cash
 
 
 
 (1,238) 
 
 
 (1,272) 
 
 (2,510)
 
 
 
 (1,126) 
 
 
 (1,432) 
 
 (2,558)
Issuance of Preferred D Units in the Operating Partnership in conjunction with acquisitions
 
 
 6,810
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,810
Noncontrolling Interest in consolidated joint venture
 
 
 
 
 1,868
 
 
 
 
 
 1,868
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint venture
 
 
 
 
 120
 
 
 
 
 
 120
Repurchase of equity portion of 2013 exchangeable senior notes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (6,123) 
 
 (6,123)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (21,000) 
 
 (21,000)
Net income (loss)4,294
 1,886
 2,028
 2,567
 11,153
 (73) 
 
 
 
 263,052
 284,907
Net income2,359
 1,257
 1,408
 1,858
 7,852
 
 
 
 
 
 183,409
 198,143
Other comprehensive income4
 
 
 
 27
 
 
 
 
 961
 
 992
194
 
 
 
 1,262
 
 
 
 
 29,640
 
 31,096
Distributions to Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests(4,596) (1,886) (2,028) (2,567) (13,064) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (24,141)(2,580) (1,257) (1,408) (1,858) (9,274) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (16,377)
Dividends paid on common stock at $2.34 per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (294,754) (294,754)
Balances at September 30, 2017$14,087
 $41,902
 $10,730
 $87,713
 $202,232
 $1,795
 126,007,207
 $1,260
 $2,567,234
 $17,731
 $(370,959) $2,573,725
Dividends paid on common stock at $1.64 per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (206,813) (206,813)
Balances at June 30, 2018$14,913
 $41,902
 $11,225
 $92,064
 $213,509
 $239
 126,146,055
 $1,261
 $2,554,447
 $62,930
 $(276,688) $2,715,802

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.



Extra Space Storage Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited) 

8

 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:   
Net income$284,907
 $306,673
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization144,139
 133,402
Amortization of deferred financing costs9,246
 9,388
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on equity component of exchangeable senior notes3,827
 3,716
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of premium on notes payable
 (828)
Compensation expense related to stock-based awards7,244
 6,008
Gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partner's interest
 (64,432)
(Gain) loss on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate6,019
 (9,814)
Distributions from unconsolidated real estate ventures in excess of earnings3,498
 3,071
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Receivables from related parties and affiliated real estate joint ventures195
 923
Other assets(15,498) (16,059)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses6,425
 10,938
Other liabilities(373) 3,173
Net cash provided by operating activities449,629
 386,159
Cash flows from investing activities:   
Acquisition of real estate assets(119,040) (763,246)
Development and redevelopment of real estate assets(20,670) (18,492)
Proceeds from sale of real estate assets, investments in real estate ventures and other assets18,565
 56,786
Change in restricted cash(3,393) 14,296
Investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures(3,021) (25,690)
Return of investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures581
 11,991
Purchase/issuance of notes receivable
 (18,530)
Principal payments received from notes receivable44,869
 41,393
Purchase of equipment and fixtures(5,635) (2,818)
Net cash used in investing activities(87,744) (704,310)
Cash flows from financing activities:   
Proceeds from the sale of common stock, net of offering costs
 123,423
Repurchase of exchangeable senior notes(19,726) (22,192)
Proceeds from notes payable and revolving lines of credit1,023,170
 1,026,975
Principal payments on notes payable and revolving lines of credit(1,020,144) (565,541)
Deferred financing costs(5,172) (6,700)
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options1,266
 312
Proceeds from termination of interest rate cap
 1,650
Payment of earnout from prior acquisition
 (4,600)
Redemption of Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests(2,510) 
Dividends paid on common stock(294,754) (269,630)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(24,141) (22,653)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(342,011) 261,044
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents19,874
 (57,107)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period43,858
 75,799
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period$63,732
 $18,692
    



Extra Space Storage Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited) 

 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information   
Interest paid$107,144
 $94,585
Income taxes paid8,086
 10,813
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:   
Redemption of Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests for common stock:   
Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership$
 $(839)
Common stock and paid-in capital
 839
Tax effect from vesting of restricted stock grants and option exercises   
Other assets$
 $1,322
Additional paid-in capital
 (1,322)
Acquisitions of real estate assets   
Real estate assets, net$20,100
 $65,960
Value of Operating Partnership units issued(8,810) (56,237)
Notes payable assumed(9,463) (9,723)
Other noncontrolling interests(1,827) 
Accrued construction costs and capital expenditures   
Acquisition of real estate assets$4,874
 $8,839
Development and redevelopment of real estate assets1,558
 
Other liabilities(6,432) (8,839)
Distribution of real estate from investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures   
    Real estate assets, net$
 $21,587
    Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures
 (21,587)
Disposition of real estate assets   
    Real estate assets, net$
 $(7,689)
Operating Partnership units redeemed
 7,689
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests   
Operating Partnership units issued$
 $(800)
Other noncontrolling interests
 162
Additional paid-in capital
 638
 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:   
Net income$198,143
 $183,832
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization103,641
 96,064
Amortization of deferred financing costs6,064
 6,083
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on equity component of exchangeable senior notes2,385
 2,559
Compensation expense related to stock-based awards5,842
 4,955
Loss on real estate transactions and impairment of real estate
 6,019
Distributions from unconsolidated real estate ventures in excess of earnings3,615
 2,365
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Other assets7,269
 15,203
Accounts payable and accrued expenses7,888
 (18,090)
Other liabilities4,895
 (9,941)
Net cash provided by operating activities339,742
 289,049
Cash flows from investing activities:   
Acquisition of real estate assets(238,153) (72,651)
Development and redevelopment of real estate assets(27,893) (12,274)
Proceeds from sale of real estate assets, investments in real estate ventures and other assets753
 101
Investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures(34,752) (2,670)
Return of investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures47,944
 581
Principal payments received from notes receivable25,226
 44,869
Purchase of equipment and fixtures(2,220) (4,110)
Net cash used in investing activities(229,095) (46,154)
Cash flows from financing activities:   
Proceeds from notes payable and revolving lines of credit645,386
 652,446
Principal payments on notes payable and revolving lines of credit(487,016) (686,443)
Deferred financing costs(3,028) (2,925)
Repurchase of exchangeable senior notes(58,469) 
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options1,170
 
Redemption of Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests(2,558) (2,510)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests120
 
Dividends paid on common stock(206,813) (196,468)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(16,377) (16,325)
Net cash used in financing activities(127,585) (252,225)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(16,938) (9,330)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of the period86,044
 57,742
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of the period$69,106
 $48,412

9




Extra Space Storage Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited) 

 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information   
Interest paid$78,602
 $67,808
Income taxes paid1,836
 7,544
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:   
Redemption of Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests for common stock   
Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership$(383) $
Common stock and paid-in capital383
 
Acquisitions of real estate assets   
Real estate assets, net$88,842
 $18,100
Value of Operating Partnership units issued(1,877) (6,810)
Notes payable assumed(87,500) (9,463)
Investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures535
 
Other noncontrolling interests
 (1,827)
Accrued construction costs and capital expenditures   
Acquisition of real estate assets$1,184
 $6,580
Development and redevelopment of real estate assets1,558
 2,798
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(2,742) (9,378)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


10


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated



 
1.ORGANIZATION

Extra Space Storage Inc. (the “Company”) is a fully-integrated,fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”), formed as a Maryland corporation on April 30, 2004, to own, operate, manage, acquire, develop and redevelop professionally managed self-storage properties (“stores”("stores") located throughout the United States. The Company continueswas formed to continue the business of Extra Space Storage LLC and its subsidiaries, which had engaged in the self-storage business since 1977. The Company’s interestsinterest in its stores is held through its operating partnership, Extra Space Storage LP (the “Operating Partnership”), which was formed on May 5, 2004. The Company’s primary assets are general partner and limited partner interests in the Operating Partnership. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT. The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. To the extent the Company continues to qualify as a REIT, it will not be subject to tax, with certain limited exceptions, on the taxable income that is distributed to its stockholders.

The Company invests in stores by acquiring wholly-owned stores or by acquiring an equity interest in real estate entities. At SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company had direct and indirect equity interests in 1,0281,082 stores. In addition, the Company managed 485486 stores for third parties, bringing the total number of stores which it owns and/or manages to 1,513.1,568. These stores are located in 3839 states, Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico.

The Company operates in three distinct segments: (1) rental operations; (2)also offers tenant reinsurance;reinsurance at its owned and (3) property management, acquisition and development. The rental operations activities include rental operations ofmanaged stores in which we have an ownership interest. No single tenant accounts for more than 5.0% of rental income. Tenant reinsurance activities includethat insures the reinsurance of risks relating to the lossvalue of goods stored by tenants in the Company’s stores. The Company’s property management, acquisition and development activities include managing, acquiring and developing stores.

storage units.
2.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they may not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.2018. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 20162017 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company has elected to include amounts previously reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as "Receivables from related parties and affiliated joint ventures" in "Other assets, net," as these amounts are no longer material. Additionally, the Company has elected to include amounts previously reported on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as "Interest income on note receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holder" in "Interest income" as these amounts are no longer material. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

Immaterial Correction to Consolidated Balance Sheets
In connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company determined that the negative balances in the "Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures" line should be presented separately as liabilities. As a result, $5,816 should have been reported as "Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures" as of December 31, 2017. The Company concluded that the amount was not material to the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 but has elected to present these amounts as liabilities in the accompanying financial statements for consistent presentation.  The classification error had no effect on the previously reported consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity or cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,("Topic 606") which amends the guidance for revenue recognition to replace numerous, industry-specific requirements and converges areas under this topic with those of the International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-09Topic 606 outlines a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. The amendment also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. The new standard will becomeTopic 606 became effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company has determined that its property rental revenue and tenant reinsurance revenue will not be subject to the guidance in ASU 2014-09, as they qualify as lease contracts and insurance contracts, which are excluded from its scope. The Company's management fee revenue will be included in the scope of the standard. However, based on the Company's initial assessment, it appears that revenue recognized under the standard will not differ materially from revenue recognized under existing guidance. The Company continues to assess the potential impacts of ASU 2014-09. The Company anticipates adopting the standard using the modified retrospective transition method as of January 1, 2018.

11


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company determined that its property rental revenue and tenant reinsurance revenue are not subject to the guidance in Topic 606, as they qualify as lease contracts and insurance contracts, which are excluded from its scope. The Company's management fee revenue was included in the scope of Topic 606 and revenue recognized under the standard does not differ materially from revenue recognized under previous guidance. The Company adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective transition method for all contracts as of January 1, 2018. The Company's adoption of this guidance did not result in a cumulative catch-up adjustment or any significant changes to financial statement line items.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which modifies the accounting for leases, intending to increase transparency and comparability of organizations by requiring balance sheet presentation of leased assets and increased financial statement disclosure of leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will require entities to recognize a liability for their lease obligations and a corresponding asset representing the right to use the underlying asset over the lease term. Lease obligations are to be measured at their present value and accounted for using the effective interest method. The accounting for the leased asset will differ slightly depending on whether the agreement is deemed to be a financing or operating lease. For financing leases, the leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis and depreciation expense is recorded separately from the interest expense in the statements of operations, resulting in higher expense in the earlier part of the lease term. For operating leases, the depreciation and interest expense components are combined, recognized evenly over the term of the lease, and presented as a reduction to operating income. ASU 2016-02 requires that assets and liabilities be presented or disclosed separately, and requires additional disclosure of certain qualitative and quantitative information related to these lease agreements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessingplans to adopt the impactstandard using the modified retrospective approach beginning January 1, 2019. The Company expects to elect the package of practical expedients upon adoption, which allows for the application of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 onstandard solely to the transition period in 2019 but does not require application to prior fiscal comparative periods presented. The primary impact is expected to be related to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-05, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships." ASU 2016-05 clarifies that a change24 ground leases in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designatedwhich it serves as a hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require re-designation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2016-05 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance prospectively on January 1, 2017, and prior periods have not
been adjusted. As a result of the adoption of this guidance, the Company no longer presents the tax effects from vesting of restricted stock grants and stock option exercises on its condensed consolidated statement of noncontrolling interests and equity.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on several specific cash flow issues, including the classification of debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments, and distributions received from equity method investees. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.lessee.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash," which requires that a statement of cash flows explains the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business," which provides guidance on whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. Specifically, when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the set of assets is not a business. Additionally, ASU 2017-01 also provides other guidance providing a more robust framework to use in determining whether a set of assets and activities is a
business. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for transactions for which the acquisition or disposition date occurs before the issuance date or effective date of the amendments, only when the transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued. The Company adopted ASU 2017-01 for new acquisitions beginning onthis guidance as of January 1, 2017. The costs related2018, and now presents restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents in the statements of cash flows. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the acquisitions of stores that qualify as asset acquisitions will be capitalized as part of the purchase.current year's presentation.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements for Accounting for Hedging Activities," which amends and simplifies existing guidance for the financial reporting of hedging relationships to

EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

allow companies to better portray the economic effects of risk management activities in their financial statements. ASU 2017-12 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluatinghas chosen to early adopt this standard as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.

3.FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

Derivative Financial Instruments
Currently, the Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate forward curves.

The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit

12


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees. In conjunction with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. However, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company had assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety were classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall. 
  Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using  Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
DescriptionSeptember 30, 2017 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)June 30, 2018 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Other assets - Cash Flow Hedge Swap Agreements$23,584
 $
 $23,584
 $
$69,258
 $
 $69,258
 $
Other liabilities - Cash Flow Hedge Swap Agreements$(1,430) $
 $(1,430) $

The Company did not have any significant assets or liabilities that are re-measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 or December 31, 2016.2017.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Long-lived assets held for use are evaluated for impairment when events or circumstances indicate there may be impairment. The Company reviews each store at least annually to determine if any such events or circumstances have occurred or exist. The Company focuses on stores where occupancy and/or rental income have decreased by a significant amount. For these stores, the Company determines whether the decrease is temporary or permanent, and whether the store will likely recover the lost occupancy and/or revenue in the short term. In addition, the Company carefully reviews stores in the lease-up stage and compares actual operating results to original projections.

When the Company determines that an event that may indicate impairment has occurred, the Company compares the carrying value of the related long-lived assets to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows attributable to the assets. An

EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

impairment loss is recorded if the net carrying value of the assets exceeds the undiscounted future net operating cash flows attributable to the assets. The impairment loss recognized equals the excess of net carrying value over the related fair value of the assets.

When real estate assets are identified by management as held for sale, the Company discontinues depreciating the assets and estimates the fair value of the assets, net of selling costs. If the estimated fair value, net of selling costs, of the assets that have been identified as held for sale is less than the net carrying value of the assets, the Company would recognize an impairment loss on the assets held for sale. The operations of assets held for sale or sold during the period are presented as part of normal operations for all periods presented. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company had one parcel of undeveloped land and 36 operating storesstore classified as held for sale. The estimated fair value less selling costs of each of thesethis operating storesstore is greater than the carrying value of the assets, and therefore no loss has been recorded related to the operating storesstore held for sale. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $6,100 relating to one parcel of land held for sale and an additional two parcels of undeveloped land where the carrying value was greater than the fair value.

The Company assesses whether there are any indicators that the value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures may be impaired annually and when events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. An investment is impaired if management’s estimate of the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value. To the extent impairment has occurred, and is considered to be other than temporary, the loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the fair value of the investment.

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of stores, the purchase price is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired based on their relative fair values, which are estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The value of

13


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

the tangible assets, consisting of land and buildings, is determined as if vacant. Intangible assets, which represent the value of existing tenant relationships, are recorded at their fair values based on the avoided cost to replace the current leases. The Company measures the value of tenant relationships based on the rent lost due to the amount of time required to replace existing customers, which is based on the Company’s historical experience with turnover in its stores. Debt assumed as part of an acquisition is recorded at fair value based on current interest rates compared to contractual rates. Acquisition-related transaction costs for those qualifying as asset acquisitions, are capitalized as a componentpart of the cost of the assets acquired.purchase price.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, other financial instruments included in other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, variable-rate notes payable, lines of credit and other liabilities reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 approximate fair value. Restricted cash is comprised of letters of credit and escrowed funds deposited with financial institutions located throughout the United States relating to earnest money deposits on potential acquisitions, real estate taxes, insurance and capital expenditures.

The fair values of the Company’s notes receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holders and other fixed rate notes receivable were based on the discounted estimated future cash flows of the notes (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rate used approximated the current market rate for loans with similar maturities and credit quality. The fair values of the Company’s fixed-rate notes payable and notes payable to trusts were estimated using the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rates used approximated current market rates for loans, or groups of loans, with similar maturities and credit quality. The fair value of the Company’s exchangeable senior notes was estimated using an average market price for similar securities obtained from a third party.

The fair values of the Company’s fixed-rate assets and liabilities were as follows for the periods indicated:
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Fair
Value
 Carrying
Value
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
 Carrying
Value
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Value
Notes receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holders$114,506
 $120,230
 $125,642
 $120,230
$111,322
 $119,735
 $113,683
 $120,230
Fixed rate notes receivable$21,285
 $20,608
 $53,450
 $52,201
$
 $
 $20,942
 $20,608
Fixed rate notes payable and notes payable to trusts$2,882,709
 $2,900,822
 $2,404,996
 $2,417,558
$2,835,283
 $2,916,055
 $2,774,242
 $2,815,085
Exchangeable senior notes$702,118
 $624,384
 $706,827
 $638,170
$674,567
 $586,550
 $719,056
 $624,259


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

4.EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per common share is computed using the two-class method by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. All outstanding unvested restricted stock awards contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends and participate in undistributed earnings with common stockholders; accordingly, they are considered participating securities that are included in the two-class method. Diluted earnings per common share measures the performance of the Company over the reporting period while giving effect to all potential common shares that were dilutive and outstanding during the period. The denominator includes the weighted average number of basic shares and the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares that were dilutive had been issued, and is calculated using either the two-class, treasury stock or as if-converted method, whichever is most dilutive. Potential common shares are securities (such as options, convertible debt, Series A Participating Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series A Units”), Series B Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series B Units”), Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series C Units”), Series D Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series D Units”) and common Operating Partnership units (“OP Units”)) that do not have a current right to participate in earnings of the Company but could do so in the future by virtue of their option, redemption or conversion right.

In computing the dilutive effect of convertible securities, net income is adjusted to add back any changes in earnings in the period associated with the convertible security. The numerator also is adjusted for the effects of any other non-discretionary changes in income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion of those potential common shares. In computing diluted earnings per common share, only potential common shares that are dilutive (those(i.e. those that reduce earnings per common share) are included. For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 there were no anti-dilutive options. For the three months ended

14


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and 2016,share data, unless otherwise stated

June 30, 2017, options to purchase approximately 45,438 and 95,03197,701 shares of common stock, respectively, and for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, options to purchase approximately 97,69737,113 and 84,91998,966 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the computation of earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

For the purposes of computing the diluted impact of the potential exchange of the Preferred Operating Partnership units for common shares upon redemption, where the Company has the option to redeem in cash or shares and where the Company has stated the intent and ability to settle the redemption in shares, the Company divided the total value of the Preferred Operating Partnership units by the average share price for the period presented. The average share price for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017 was $93.10 and 2016 was $77.84 and $84.41,$76.68, respectively, and for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the average share price was $76.67$88.71 and $87.22,$76.08, respectively.

The following table presents the number of Preferred Operating Partnership units, and the potential common shares, that were excluded from the computation of earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Equivalent Shares (if converted) Equivalent Shares (if converted) Equivalent Shares (if converted) Equivalent Shares (if converted)Equivalent Shares (if converted) Equivalent Shares (if converted) Equivalent Shares (if converted) Equivalent Shares (if converted)
Series B Units538,312
 496,412
 546,526
 480,419
450,077
 546,455
 472,350
 550,765
Series C Units380,769
 351,132
 386,580
 339,820
318,357
 386,529
 334,112
 389,578
Series D Units1,126,831
 
 1,091,319
 417,420
988,862
 1,073,610
 1,037,798
 1,072,784
2,045,912
 847,544
 2,024,425
 1,237,659
1,757,296
 2,006,594
 1,844,260
 2,013,127

The Operating Partnership had $49,384$11,550 of its 2.375% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2033 (the “2013 Notes”) issued and outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. The 2013 Notes could potentially have a dilutive impact on the Company’s earnings per share calculations. The 2013 Notes are exchangeable by holders into shares of the Company’s common stock under certain circumstances per the terms of the indenture governing the 2013 Notes. The exchange price of the 2013 Notes was $53.28$52.57 per share as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, and could change over time as described in the indenture. The Company has irrevocably agreed to pay only cash for the accreted principal amount of the 2013 Notes relative to its exchange obligations, but retained the right to satisfy the exchange obligation in excess of the accreted principal amount in cash and/or common stock. On July 5, 2018, the remaining principal amount of 2013 Notes was redeemed for $21,801 in cash.

The Operating Partnership had $575,000 of its 3.125% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2035 (the “2015 Notes”) issued and outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. The 2015 Notes could potentially have a dilutive impact on the Company’s earnings per share calculations. The 2015 Notes are exchangeable by holders into shares of the Company’s common stock under certain circumstances per the terms of the indenture governing the 2015 Notes. The exchange price of the 2015 Notes was $94.01$93.34 per

EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

share as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, and could change over time as described in the indenture. The Company has irrevocably agreed to pay only cash for the accreted principal amount of the 2015 Notes relative to its exchange obligations, but retained the right to satisfy the exchange obligation in excess of the accreted principal amount in cash and/or common stock.

Although the Company has retained the right to satisfy the exchange obligation in excess of the accreted principal amount of the 2013 Notes and 2015 Notes in cash and/or common stock, Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 260, “Earnings per Share,” requires an assumption that shares would be used to pay suchthe exchange obligation in excess of the accreted principal amount, and requires that those shares be included in the Company’s calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding for the diluted earnings per share computation. For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017, 95,690 and 2016, 292,439 and 413,498356,000 shares, respectively, related to the 2013 Notes were included in the computation for diluted earnings per share. For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, no shares related to the 2015 Notes were included in the computation for diluted earnings per share as the exchange price exceeded the average per share price of the Company’s common stock during these periods.

For the purposes of computing the diluted impact on earnings per share of the potential exchange of Series A Units for common shares upon redemption, where the Company has the option to redeem in cash or shares and where the Company has stated the positive intent and ability to settle at least $115,000$101,700 of the instrument in cash (or net settle a portion of the Series A Units against the related outstanding note receivable), only the amount of the instrument in excess of $115,000$101,700 is considered in the calculation of shares contingently issuable for the purposes of computing diluted earnings per share as allowed by ASC

15


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

260-10-45-46. Accordingly, the number of shares included in the computation for diluted earnings per share related to the Series A Units is equal to the number of Series A Units outstanding, with no additional shares included related to the fixed $115,000$101,700 amount.

The computation of earnings per common share was as follows for the periods presented:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income attributable to common stockholders$95,153
 $87,006
 $183,409
 $169,288
Earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities(193) (207) (371) (403)
Earnings for basic computations94,960
 86,799
 183,038
 168,885
Earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities
 
 371
 
Income allocated to noncontrolling interest - Preferred Operating Partnership Units and Operating Partnership Units5,271
 4,965
 10,211
 10,285
Fixed component of income allocated to noncontrolling interest - Preferred Operating Partnership (Series A Units)(572) (704) (1,144) (1,975)
Net income for diluted computations$99,659
 $91,060
 $192,476
 $177,195
        
Weighted average common shares outstanding:       
Average number of common shares outstanding - basic125,874,130
 125,673,156
 125,823,581
 125,639,480
OP Units5,651,878
 5,574,364
 5,657,592
 5,585,218
Series A Units875,480
 875,480
 875,480
 875,480
Unvested restricted stock awards included for treasury stock method
 
 256,733
 
Shares related to exchangeable senior notes and dilutive stock options371,284
 660,402
 379,348
 659,176
Average number of common shares outstanding - diluted132,772,772
 132,783,402
 132,992,734
 132,759,354
Earnings per common share

 

    
Basic$0.75
 $0.69
 $1.45
 $1.34
Diluted$0.75
 $0.69
 $1.45
 $1.33

16


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

5.    STORE ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

The computationfollowing table shows the Company’s acquisitions of earnings per common share was as followsstores for the periods presented:three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The table excludes purchases of raw land or improvements made to existing assets. All acquisitions are considered asset acquisitions under ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business."
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income attributable to common stockholders$93,764
 $118,088
 $263,052
 $283,724
Earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities(191) (248) (595) (616)
Earnings for basic computations93,573
 117,840
 262,457
 283,108
Earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities191
 
 595
 
Income allocated to noncontrolling interest - Preferred Operating Partnership (Series A Units) and Operating Partnership5,163
 7,776
 15,448
 17,926
Fixed component of income allocated to noncontrolling interest - Preferred Operating Partnership (Series A Units)(572) (1,271) (2,547) (3,814)
Net income for diluted computations$98,355
 $124,345
 $275,953
 $297,220
        
Weighted average common shares outstanding:       
Average number of common shares outstanding - basic125,717,517
 125,752,291
 125,665,787
 125,244,761
OP Units5,590,231
 5,534,350
 5,586,908
 5,557,723
Series A Units875,480
 875,480
 875,480
 875,480
Series D Units
 814,435
 
 
Unvested restricted stock awards included for treasury stock method280,484
 
 288,831
 
Shares related to exchangeable senior notes and dilutive stock options580,761
 786,916
 591,616
 798,727
Average number of common shares outstanding - diluted133,044,473
 133,763,472
 133,008,622
 132,476,691
Earnings per common share       
Basic$0.74
 $0.94
 $2.09
 $2.26
Diluted$0.74
 $0.93
 $2.07
 $2.24
   Consideration PaidTotal
QuarterNumber of Stores Total Cash Paid Loan AssumedNon- controlling interestsInvestments in Real Estate VenturesNet Liabilities/ (Assets) AssumedValue of OP Units IssuedNumber of OP Units IssuedReal estate assets
Q2 2018 (1)
17 $237,284
 $148,648
 $87,500
$
$(1,024)$283
$1,877
21,768
$237,284
Q1 2018 
5 70,787
 70,171
 

489
127


70,787
 22 $308,071
 $218,819
 $87,500
$
$(535)$410
$1,877
21,768
$308,071
              
Q2 20173 $34,641
 $16,608
 $9,463
$1,827
$
$(67)$6,810
272,400
$34,641
Q1 20172 25,556
 25,541
 


15


25,556
 5 $60,197
 $42,149
 $9,463
$1,827
$
$(52)$6,810
272,400
$60,197

(1) Store acquisitions during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 include the acquisition of 15 stores that had been owned by joint ventures in which the Company held equity interests. No gain or loss was recognized as a result of these acquisitions.
6.INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE VENTURES
Net Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures and Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures consist of the following:
 Number of stores Equity ownership % Excess Profit Participation % June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
WICNN JV LLC7 10% 25% $27,275
 $
VRS Self Storage, LLC16 45% 54% 18,613
 19,467
PRISA Self Storage LLC85 4% 4% 9,410
 9,638
Extra Space West Two LLC5 5% 40% 3,869
 3,939
ESS Bristol Investments LLC7 10% 28% 1,944
 1,258
Extra Space West One LLC7 5% 40% (976) (900)
WCOT Self Storage LLC 5% 20% 
 (357)
Extra Space Northern Properties Six LLC10 10% 35% (1,477) (1,279)
Storage Portfolio II JV LLC36 10% 30% (3,615) (3,140)
Storage Portfolio I LLC24 34% 49% (37,517) 11,495
Other minority owned stores14 10-50% 19-50% 36,293
 29,970
Net Investments in and Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures211     $53,819
 $70,091
Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures represent the Company's noncontrolling interests in properties. The Company accounts for these investments using the equity method of accounting. The Company initially records these investments at cost and subsequently adjusts for net equity in income or loss, which it allocates in accordance with the provisions of the applicable partnership or joint venture agreement, cash contributions and distributions.
In these joint ventures, the Company and the joint venture partner generally receive a preferred return on their invested capital. To the extent that cash/profits in excess of these preferred returns are generated through operations or capital transactions, the Company would receive a higher percentage of the excess cash/profits than its equity interest.

17


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

5.STORE ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

The following table showsCompany separately reports investments with net equity less than zero in Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures in the Company’s acquisitionscondensed consolidated balance sheets. The net equity of certain joint ventures is less than zero because distributions have exceeded the Company's investment in and share of income from these joint ventures. This is generally the result of financing distributions or operating storesdistributions that are usually greater than net income, as net income includes non‑cash charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The table excludes purchases of raw land or improvements made to existing assets.
      Consideration Paid   Total
Property LocationNumber of Stores Date of Acquisition TotalCash PaidLoan AssumedNon- controlling interestsNet Liabilities/(Assets) AssumedValue of OP Units IssuedNumber of OP Units Issued Real estate assets
Georgia1 9/1/2017 $4,246
$4,220
$
$
$26
$

 $4,246
Florida1 8/4/2017 9,047
7,058


(11)2,000
25,520
 9,047
North Carolina1 7/13/2017 8,422
8,426


(4)

 8,422
Virginia1 7/13/2017 10,251
10,215


36


 10,251
Florida1 6/12/2017 11,100
4,270


20
6,810
272,400
 11,100
Florida1 4/25/2017 7,377
7,400


(23)

 7,377
Pennsylvania1 4/11/2017 16,164
4,938
9,463
1,827
(64)

 16,164
Illinois1 2/1/2017 9,028
9,020


8


 9,028
Georgia1 1/6/2017 16,528
16,521


7


 16,528
2017 Totals9 
 $92,163
$72,068
$9,463
$1,827
$(5)$8,810
297,920
 $92,163

Store Dispositionsdepreciation and amortization while distributions do not.

On September 13, 2017,May 18, 2018, the Company closed on the sale ofentered into a parcel of landnew joint venture, WICNN JV LLC. On June 19, 2018, WICNN JV LLC purchased seven stores located in Connecticut, New York that had been classified as held for sale for $19,000 in cash. This parcel of land had been written down to its fair value less selling costs during the six months ended June 30, 2017,Jersey and therefore no additional gain or loss was recorded related to this sale at the time of closing.

On July 26, 2016,Wisconsin, and the Company closed onmade an initial contribution of $4,505 and received a 10% equity interest in the sale of one operating store located in Indiana that had been classified as held for sale for $4,447 in cash.joint venture. The Company recognized no gain or loss related to this disposition.also made a preferred equity contribution of $22,734. The Company receives an annual return of 8.0% on its preferred equity, which has a distribution preference over common equity.

On April 20, 2016,26, 2018, the Company closed onpurchased its joint venture partner's 95% interest in the saleWCOT Self Storage LLC joint venture, which owned 14 stores. The partner's interest was purchased for $115,797 and the existing joint venture loan of seven operating stores located in Ohio and Indiana that had been classified as held for sale for $17,555 in cash. The Company recognized a gain of $11,265 related$87,500. Subsequent to this disposition.

On April 1, 2016, the Company disposed of a single store in Texas in exchange for 85,452 of our OP Units valued at $7,689. The Operating Partnership has canceled the OP Units received in this disposition. The Company recognized a gain of $93 related to this disposition.

Losses on Earnout from Prior Acquisition

In December 2014, the Company acquired a portfolio of five stores located in New Jersey and Virginia. As part of this acquisition, the Company agreed to make an additional cash payment toowned 100% of the sellers ifjoint venture and the acquiredrelated stores, exceeded a specified amountwhich were consolidated as of net operating income for the years ending December 31, 2015 and 2016. At the acquisition date,June 30, 2018.

On February 2, 2018, the Company recorded an estimated liability relatedand Teachers REA II LLC ("TIAA") entered into the "Third Amendment to this earnout provision.Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Storage Portfolio I LLC" (the "Amendments"). The operating incomeAmendments were deemed effective as of these stores duringJanuary 1, 2018. Under the earnout period was higher than expected, resultingAmendments, the Company's capital percentage in an increase inStorage Portfolio I LLC ("SP I") increased from 25.0% to 34.0%, and its excess profit participation percentage increased from 40.0% to 49.0%, among other changes. Additionally, SPI refinanced its mortgage loan and the estimateCompany received a financing distribution of the amount due to the sellers of $1,544,$47,944, which was recorded as a loss and included in gain (loss) on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estatereduction in the Company’s condensed consolidated statementsCompany's investment in SP I. The Company continues to account for its investment in SP I under the equity method of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

accounting.
6.7.VARIABLE INTERESTS

The Operating Partnership has three wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiaries (“Trust,” “Trust II” and “Trust III,” together, the “Trusts”) that have issued trust preferred securities to third parties and common securities to the Operating Partnership. The proceeds from the sale of the preferred and common securities were loaned in the form of notes to the Operating Partnership. The Trusts are VIEsvariable interest entities ("VIEs") because the holders of the equity investment at risk (the trust preferred securities) do not have the power to direct the activities of the entities that most significantly affect the entities’ economic performance because of their lack of voting or similar rights. Because the Operating Partnership’s investment in the Trusts’ common securities was financed directly

EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

by the Trusts as a result of its loan of the proceeds to the Operating Partnership, that investment is not considered an equity investment at risk. The Operating Partnership’s investment in the Trusts is not a variable interest because equity interests are variable interests only to the extent that the investment is considered to be at risk, and therefore the Operating Partnership cannot be the primary beneficiary of the Trusts. Since the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the Trusts, they have not been consolidated. A debt obligation has been recorded in the form of notes for the proceeds as discussed above, which are owed to the Trusts. The Company has also included its investment in the Trusts’ common securities in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has not provided financing or other support during the periods presented to the Trusts that it was not previously contractually obligated to provide. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with the Trusts is equal to the total amount of the notes discussed above less the amounts of the Company’s investments in the Trusts’ common securities. The net amount is equal to the notes payable that the Trusts owe to third parties for their investments in the Trusts’ preferred securities.


18


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

Following is a tabular comparison of the assets and liabilities the Company has recorded as a result of its involvement with the Trusts to the maximum exposure to loss the Company is subject to as a result of such involvement as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017:2018:
Notes payable to Trusts Investment Balance Maximum exposure to loss DifferenceNotes payable to Trusts Investment Balance Maximum exposure to loss Difference
Trust$36,083
 $1,083
 $35,000
 $
$36,083
 $1,083
 $35,000
 $
Trust II42,269
 1,269
 41,000
 
42,269
 1,269
 41,000
 
Trust III41,238
 1,238
 40,000
 
41,238
 1,238
 40,000
 
119,590
 $3,590
 $116,000
 
119,590
 $3,590
 $116,000
 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(2,176) 
 
 
(2,084) 
 
 
$117,414
 

 

 

$117,506
 

 

 


The Company had no consolidated VIEs during the ninethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017.

2018.
7.8.DERIVATIVES

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its debt funding and by using derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposure that arises from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. A portion of these changes is excluded from accumulated other comprehensive income as it is allocated to noncontrolling interests. During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt. In the coming 12 months, the Company estimates that an additional $1,513$15,968 will be reclassified as an increasea decrease to interest expense.

The Company held 29 derivative financial instruments which had a total combined notional amount of $2,165,973 as of June 30, 2018.

19


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

The Company held 30 derivative financial instruments which had a total combined notional amount of $2,255,018 as of September 30, 2017.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
Asset (Liability) DerivativesAsset / Liability Derivatives
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:Fair ValueFair Value
Other assets$23,584
 $23,844
$69,258
 $38,365
Other liabilities$(1,430) $(2,447)$
 $9

Effect of Derivative Instruments
The tablestable below presentpresents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented. No tax effect has been presented as the derivative instruments are held by the Company:

Gain (loss) recognized in OCI For the Three Months Ended September 30, Location of amounts reclassified from OCI into income Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI For the Three Months Ended September 30,Gain (loss) recognized in OCI For the Three Months Ended June 30, Location of amounts reclassified from OCI into income Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI For the Three Months Ended June 30,
Type2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Swap Agreements$(787) $8,451
 Interest expense $(1,572) $(4,926)$9,967
 $(8,693) Interest Expense $1,883
 $(2,594)

Gain (loss) recognized in OCI For the Nine Months Ended September 30, Location of amounts reclassified from OCI into income Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI For the Nine Months Ended September 30,Gain (loss) recognized in OCI For the Six Months Ended June 30, Location of amounts reclassified from OCI into income Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI For the Six Months Ended June 30,
Type2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Swap Agreements$(6,474) $(50,165) Interest expense $(7,497) $(14,240)$33,285
 $(5,687) Interest expense $2,124
 $(5,924)

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Company has agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain provisions pursuant to which the Company could be declared in default of its derivative obligations if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender.

The Company also has an agreement with some of its derivative counterparties that incorporates the loan covenant provisions of the Company’s indebtedness with a lender affiliate of the derivative counterparty. Failure to comply with the loan covenant provisions would result in the Company being in default on any derivative instrument obligations covered by the agreement.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $1,257.immaterial. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company had not posted any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, it could have been required to cash settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $1,620, including accrued interest.value.

20


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

8.9.EXCHANGEABLE SENIOR NOTES

In September 2015, the Operating Partnership issued $575,000 of its 3.125% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2035. Costs incurred to issue the 2015 Notes were approximately $11,992, consisting primarily of a 2.0% underwriting fee. These costs are being amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over five years, which represents the estimated term based on the first available redemption date, and are included in exchangeable senior notes, net, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The 2015 Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Operating Partnership and are fully guaranteed by the Company. Interest is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year beginning April 1, 2016, until the maturity date of October 1, 2035. The 2015 Notes bear interest at 3.125% per annum and contain an exchange settlement feature, which provides that the 2015 Notes may, under certain circumstances, be exchangeable for cash (for the principal amount of the 2015 Notes) and, with respect to any excess exchange value, for cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option. The exchange rate of the 2015 Notes as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 was approximately 10.6410.71 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2015 Notes.

The Operating Partnership may redeem the 2015 Notes at any time to preserve the Company’s status as a REIT. In addition, on or after October 5, 2020, the Operating Partnership may redeem the 2015 Notes for cash, in whole or in part, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, upon at least 30 days but not more than 60 days prior written notice to the holders of the 2015 Notes. The holders of the 2015 Notes have the right to require the Operating Partnership to repurchase the 2015 Notes for cash, in whole or in part, on October 1 of the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 (unless the Operating Partnership has called the 2015 Notes for redemption), and upon the occurrence of certain designated events, in each case for a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2015 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. Certain events are considered “Events of Default,” as defined in the indenture governing the 2015 Notes, which may result in the accelerated maturity of the 2015 Notes.

On June 21, 2013, the Operating Partnership issued $250,000 of its 2.375% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2033 at a 1.5% discount, or $3,750. Costs incurred to issue the 2013 Notes were approximately $1,672. These costs are being amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over five years, which represents the estimated term based on the first available redemption date, and are included in exchangeable senior notes, net, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The 2013 Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Operating Partnership and are fully guaranteed by the Company. Interest is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year beginning January 1, 2014, until the maturity date of July 1, 2033. The 2013 Notes bear interest at 2.375% per annum and contain an exchange settlement feature, which provides that the 2013 Notes may, under certain circumstances, be exchangeable for cash (for the principal amount of the 2013 Notes) and, with respect to any excess exchange value, for cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option. The exchange rate of the 2013 Notes as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 was approximately 18.7719.02 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2013 Notes.

The Operating Partnership may redeem the 2013 Notes at any time to preserve the Company’s status as a REIT. In addition, on or after July 5, 2018, the Operating Partnership may redeem the 2013 Notes for cash, in whole or in part, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, upon at least 30 days but not more than 60 days prior written notice to the holders of the 2013 Notes. The holders of the 2013 Notes have the right to require the Operating Partnership to repurchase the 2013 Notes for cash, in whole or in part, on July 1 of the years 2018, 2023 and 2028, and upon the occurrence of certain designated events, in each case for a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2013 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. Certain events are considered “Events of Default,” as defined in the indenture governing the 2013 Notes, which may result in the accelerated maturity of the 2013 Notes.

Additionally, the 2013 Notes and the 2015 Notes can be exchanged during any calendar quarter, if the last reported sale price of the common stock of the Company is greater than or equal to 130% of the exchange price for at least 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter. The price of the Company’s common stock exceeded 130% of the exchange price for the required time period for the 2013 Notes during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. Therefore, holders of the 2013 Notes may elect to exchange such notes during the quarter ending December 31, 2017.September 30, 2018. The price of the Company’s common stock did not exceed 130% of the exchange price for the required time period for the 2015 Notes during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018.

GAAP requires entities with convertible debt instruments that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion to separately account for the liability and equity components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The Company therefore accounts for the liability and equity components of the 2013 Notes and 2015 Notes

21


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

interest cost. The Company therefore accounts for the liability and equity components of the 2013 Notes and 2015 Notes separately. The equity components are included in paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the value of the equity components are treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt components. The discounts are being amortized as interest expense over the remaining period of the debt through its first redemption date: July 1, 2018 for the 2013 Notes, and October 1, 2020 for the 2015 Notes. The effective interest rate on the liability components of both the 2013 Notes and the 2015 Notes is 4.0%, which approximated the market rate of interest of similar debt without exchange features (i.e. nonconvertible debt) at the time of issuance.

Information about the Company’s 2013 Notes and 2015 Notes, including the total carrying amounts of the equity components, the principal amounts of the liability components, the unamortized discounts and the net carrying amounts was as follows for the periods indicated:
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Carrying amount of equity component - 2013 Notes$
 $
$
 $
Carrying amount of equity component - 2015 Notes22,597
 22,597
22,597
 22,597
Carrying amount of equity components$22,597
 $22,597
$22,597
 $22,597
Principal amount of liability component - 2013 Notes$49,384
 $63,170
$11,550
 $49,259
Principal amount of liability component - 2015 Notes575,000
 575,000
575,000
 575,000
Unamortized discount - equity component - 2013 Notes(475) (1,187)
 (315)
Unamortized discount - equity component - 2015 Notes(14,091) (17,355)(10,718) (12,974)
Unamortized cash discount - 2013 Notes(110) (281)
 (74)
Unamortized debt issuance costs(7,223) (9,033)(5,407) (6,620)
Net carrying amount of liability components$602,485
 $610,314
$570,425
 $604,276

The amount of interest cost recognized relating to the contractual interest rates and the amortization of the discounts on the liability components of the Notes were as follows for the periods indicated:
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Contractual interest$4,785
 $4,867
 $14,519
 $14,616
$4,561
 $4,867
 $9,122
 $9,734
Amortization of discount1,268
 1,243
 3,827
 3,716
1,176
 1,290
 2,385
 2,559
Total interest expense recognized$6,053
 $6,110
 $18,346
 $18,332
$5,737
 $6,157
 $11,507
 $12,293

Repurchases of 2013 Notes

During July and August 2017,the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company repurchased a total principal amount of $13,786$37,709 of the 2013 Notes. The Company paid cash of $19,853$58,469 for the total of the principal amount and the exchange value in excess of the principal amount. On July 5, 2018, the Company redeemed all remaining outstanding 2013 Notes, including the principal amount and the exchange value in excess of the principal for $21,801 in cash.

The Company allocated the value of the consideration paid to repurchase the 2013 Notes (1) to the extinguishment of the liability component and (2) to the reacquisition of the equity component. The amount allocated to the extinguishment of the liability component is equal to the fair value of that component immediately prior to extinguishment. The difference between the consideration attributed to the extinguishment of the liability component and the sum of (a) the net carrying amount of the repurchased liability component, and (b) the related unamortized debt issuance costs, is recognized as a gain on debt extinguishment. The remaining settlement consideration is allocated to the reacquisition of the equity component of the repurchased 2013 Notes and recognized as a reduction of stockholders’ equity.

22


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

Information about the repurchases is as follows:
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
July/August 20172018
Principal amount repurchased$13,786
$37,709
Amount allocated to:  
Extinguishment of liability component$13,568
$37,469
Reacquisition of equity component6,285
21,000
Total consideration paid for repurchase$19,853
$58,469
Exchangeable senior notes repurchased$13,786
$37,709
Extinguishment of liability component(13,568)(37,469)
Discount on exchangeable senior notes(183)(230)
Related debt issuance costs(35)(10)
Gain/(loss) on repurchase$
$
9.10.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

On May 6, 2016, the Company filed its current $400,000 "at the market" equity program with the Securities and Exchange Commission using a new shelf registration statement on Form S-3, and entered into separate equity distribution agreements with five sales agents. Under the terms of the current equity distribution agreements, the Company may from time to time offer and sell shares of common stock, up to the aggregate offering price of $400,000, through its sales agents.

During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company did not issue any shares and had $349,375 available for issuance under the existing equity distribution agreements.

Subsequent to quarter end, the Company sold 343,251 shares of common stock under its "at the market" equity program at an average price of $99.75 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $33,897.
10.11.NONCONTROLLING INTEREST REPRESENTED BY PREFERRED OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS

Classification of Noncontrolling Interests
GAAP requires a company to present ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the company in the consolidated financial statements within the equity section, but separate from the company’s equity. It also requires the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest to be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of operations and requires changes in ownership interest to be accounted for similarly as equity transactions. If noncontrolling interests are determined to be redeemable, they are to be carried at their redemption value as of the balance sheet date and reported as temporary equity.

The Company has evaluated the terms of the Operating Partnership’s preferred units and classifies the noncontrolling interest represented by such preferred units as stockholders’ equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company will periodically evaluate individual noncontrolling interests for the ability to continue to recognize the noncontrolling interest as permanent equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Any noncontrolling interests that fail to qualify as permanent equity will be reclassified as temporary equity and adjusted to the greater of (1) the carrying amount and (2) the redemption value as of the end of the period in which the determination is made.

Series A Participating Redeemable Preferred Units
On June 15, 2007, the Operating Partnership entered into a Contribution Agreement with various limited partnerships affiliated with AAAAA Rent-A-Space to acquire ten stores in exchange for 989,980 Series A Units of the Operating Partnership. The stores are located in California and Hawaii.

The partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership (as amended, the “Partnership Agreement”) provides for the designation and issuance of the Series A Units. The Series A Units will have priority over all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.
23

Under the Partnership Agreement, Series A Units in the amount of $115,000 bear a fixed priority return of 2.3% and have a fixed liquidation value of $115,000. The remaining balance participates in distributions with, and has a liquidation value equal


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

As of June 30, 2018, the noncontrolling interests represented by Operating Partnership preferred units consisted of the following:
Series A Units875,480
Series B Units1,676,087
Series C Units704,016
Series D Units3,682,521


At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the noncontrolling interests represented by the Preferred Operating Partnership Units qualified for classification as permanent equity on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. The partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership (as amended, the "Partnership Agreement") provides for the designation and issuance of the OP Units.

Series A Participating Redeemable Preferred Units
The Series A Units were issued in June 2007. Series A Units in the amount of $101,700 bear a fixed priority return of 2.3% and originally had a fixed liquidation value of $115,000. The remaining balance participates in distributions with, and has a liquidation value equal to that of the OP Units. The Series A Units are redeemable at the option of the holder, which redemption obligation may be satisfied, at the Company’s option, in cash or shares of its common stock. As a result of the redemption of 114,500 Series A Units in October 2014, the remaining fixed liquidation value was reduced to $101,700. On April 18, 2017, the holdersholder of the Series A Units and the Operating Partnership agreed to reduce the fixed priority return on the Series A Units from 5.0% to 2.3% in exchange for a reduction in the interest rate of the related loan, as more fully described below.

The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series A Units. The Series A Units have priority over all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.

On June 25, 2007, the Operating Partnership loaned the holdersholder of the Series A Units $100,000. The note receivable bears interest at 2.1%. On April 18, 2017, a loan amendment was signed modifying the maturity date of the loan to the later of the death of the Series A Unit holder or his spouse. The loan amendmentspouse and also loweredlowering the interest rate of the loan from 4.9% to 2.1%. The loan amendment was determined to be a loan modification under GAAP, and therefore no change in value was recognized. The loan is secured by the borrower’s Series A Units. The holders of the Series A Units could redeem up to 114,500 Series A Units prior to the maturity date of the loan. If any redemption in excess of 114,500 Series A Units occurs prior to the maturity date, the holder of the Series A Units is required to repay the loan as of the date of that redemption. On October 3, 2014, the holders of the Series A Units redeemed 114,500 Series A Units for $4,794 in cash and 280,331 shares of common stock. No additionalfuture redemption of Series A Units can be made without repayment ofunless the loan.loan secured by the Series A Units is also repaid. The Series A Units are shown on the balance sheet net of the $100,000 loan because the borrower under the loan receivable is also the holder of the Series A Units.

Series B Redeemable Preferred Units
On April 3, 2014, the Operating Partnership completed the purchase of a store located in Georgia. This store was acquired in exchange for $15,158 of cash and 333,360 Series B Units valued at $8,334.

On August 29, 2013, the Operating Partnership completed the purchase of 19 out of 20 stores affiliated with All Aboard Mini Storage, all of which are located in California. On September 26, 2013, the Operating Partnership completed the purchase of the remaining store. These stores were acquired in exchange for $100,876 of cash (including $98,960 of debt assumed and immediately defeased at closing), 1,342,727 Series B Units valued at $33,568, and 1,448,108 OP Units valued at $62,341.

The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series B Units. The Series B Units rank junior to the Series A Units, on parity with the Series C Units and Series D Units, and senior to all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.

The outstanding Series B Units were issued in 2013 and 2014 and have a liquidation value of $25.00 per unit for a fixed liquidation value of $41,902. Holders of the Series B Units receive distributions at an annual rate of 6.0%. These distributions are cumulative. The Series B Units became redeemable at the option of the holder on the first anniversary of the date of issuance, which redemption obligation may be satisfied at the Company’s option in cash or shares of its common stock.

Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Units
The Company completed the purchase of twelve stores in California between December 2013 and May 2014. The Company previously held 35% interests in five of these stores and a 40% interest in one store through six separate joint ventures. These stores were acquired in exchange for a total of approximately $45,722 of cash, the assumption of $37,532 in existing debt, and the issuance of 704,016 Series C Units valued at $30,960.

The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series C Units. The Series C Units rank junior to the Series A Units, on parity with the Series B Units and Series D Units, and senior to all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.

The outstanding Series C Units were issued in 2013 and 2014 and have a liquidation value of $42.10 per unit for a fixed liquidation value of $29,639. From issuance to the fifth anniversary of issuance, each Series C Unit holder will receive quarterly distributions equal to the quarterly distribution per OP Unit plus $0.18. Beginning on the fifth anniversary of issuance, each Series C Unit holder will receive a fixed quarterly distribution equal to the aggregate quarterly distribution payable in respect of such Series C Unit

24


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

during the four quarters immediately preceding the fifth anniversary of issuance, divided by four. These distributions are cumulative. The Series C Units became redeemable at the option of the holder one year from the date of issuance, which redemption obligation may be satisfied at the Company’s option in cash or shares of its common stock. The Series C Units are convertible into OP Units at the option of the holder at a rate of 0.9145 OP Units per Series C Unit converted. This conversion option expires upon the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance.


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

In December 2014, the Operating Partnership loaned certain holders of the Series C Units $20,230. The notes receivable, which are collateralized by the Series C Units, bear interest at 5.0% per annum and mature on December 15, 2024. The Series C Units are shown on the balance sheet net of the loan balance of $19,735 as of June 30, 2018 and $20,230 loanas of December 31, 2017, because the borrower under the loan receivable is also the holder of the Series C Units.

Series D Redeemable Preferred Units
On June 12, 2017, the Operating Partnership completed the acquisition of a store located in Florida. This store was acquired in exchange for $4,270 in cash and 272,400 Series D-5 Preferred Units ("D-5 Units") valued at $6,810.
On November 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership completed the acquisition of a store located in Illinois. This store was acquired in exchange for 486,244 Series D-4 Preferred Units ("D-4 Units") valued at $12,156.
On June 10, 2016, the Operating Partnership completed the acquisition of four stores located in Illinois. These stores were acquired in exchange for 2,201,467 Series D-3 Preferred Units ("D-3 Units") valued at $55,037.
In December 2014, the Operating Partnership completed the acquisition of a store located in Florida. This store was acquired in exchange for $5,621 in cash and 548,390 Series D-1 Preferred Units ("D-1 Units," and together with the D-3 Units, D-4 Units and D-5 Units, "Series D Units") valued at $13,710.

The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series D Units. The Series D Units rank junior to the Series A Units, on parity with the Series B Units and Series C Units, and senior to all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.

The Series D Units have been issued at various times from 2014 to 2017. The Series D Units have a liquidation value of $25.00per unit, for a fixed liquidation value of $87,713.$92,064. Holders of the Series D Units receive distributions at an annual rate between 3.5% to3.0% and 5.0%. These distributions are cumulative. The Series D Units become redeemable at the option of the holder on the first anniversary of the date of issuance, which redemption obligation may be satisfied at the Company’s option in cash or shares of its common stock. In addition, certain of the D-3Series D Units are convertible intoexchangeable for common OP Units at the option of the holder until the tenth anniversary of the date of issuance, with the number of OP Units to be issued equal to $25.00 per D-3Series D Unit, divided by the value of a share of common stock as of the exchange date.

11.12.NONCONTROLLING INTEREST IN OPERATING PARTNERSHIP

The Company’s interest in its stores is held through the Operating Partnership. ESS Holding Business Trust I, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. ESS Holding Business Trust II, also a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is a limited partner of the Operating Partnership. Between its general partner and limited partner interests, the Company held a 91.1%90.9% ownership interest in the Operating Partnership as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. The remaining ownership interests in the Operating Partnership (including Preferred Operating Partnership units) of 8.9%9.1% are held by certain former owners of assets acquired by the Operating Partnership.

The noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership represents OP Units that are not owned by the Company. In conjunction withOP Units are redeemable at the formationoption of the Company, and as a result of subsequent acquisitions, certain persons and entities contributing interestsholder, which redemption may be satisfied at the Company's option in stores to the Operating Partnership received limited partnership interests in the form of OP Units. Limited partners who received OP Units in the formation transactions or in exchange for contributions for interests in stores have the right to require the Operating Partnership to redeem part or all of their OP Units for cash, based upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s common stock (based on the ten-day average trading price) at the time of the redemption. Alternatively, the Company may, in its sole discretion, elect to acquire those OP Units in exchange forredemption, or shares of itsthe Company's common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to anti-dilution adjustments provided in the Partnership Agreement. TheAs of June 30, 2018, the ten-day average closing price of the Company's common stock price at September 30, 2017 was $79.26$99.22 and there were 5,599,6625,646,138 OP Units outstanding. Assuming that all of the OP Unit holders exercised their right to redeem all of their OP Units on SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and the Company elected to pay the OP Unit holders cash, the Company would have paid $443,829$560,210 in cash consideration to redeem the units.

On August 4, 2017,OP Unit activity is summarized as follows for the Company purchased one store located in Florida. As part of the consideration for this acquisition, 25,520 OP Units were issues with a total value of $2,000.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, no OP Units were redeemed. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, 33,896 OP Units were redeemed for $2,510 in cash.periods presented:

EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
OP Units redeemed for common stock10,000
 
OP Units redeemed for cash30,000
 33,896
Cash paid for OP Units redeemed$2,558
 $2,510
OP Units issued in conjunction with acquisitions21,768
 
Value of OP Units issued in conjunction with acquisitions$1,877
 $

GAAP requires a company to present ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the company in the consolidated financial statements within the equity section, but separate from the company’s equity. It also requires the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest to be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of operations, and requires changes in ownership interest to be accounted for similarly as

25


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

equity transactions. If noncontrolling interests are determined to be redeemable, they are to be carried at their redemption value as of the balance sheet date and reported as temporary equity.

The Company has evaluated the terms of the OP Units and classifies the noncontrolling interest represented by the OP Units as stockholders’ equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company will periodically evaluate individual noncontrolling interests for the ability to continue to recognize the noncontrolling amount as permanent equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Any noncontrolling interests that fail to qualify as permanent equity will be reclassified as temporary equity and adjusted to the greater of (1) the carrying amount and (2) the redemption value as of the end of the period in which the determination is made.

12.13.OTHER NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Other noncontrolling interests represent the ownership interests of a third partyparties in two consolidated joint ventures as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. One joint venture owns two operating stores in Texas and an operating store in Texas,Colorado, and the other joint venture owns a storetwo development properties in Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The voting interests of the third-party owners are between 20.0%5.0% and 27.0%20.0%.

13.14.EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE VENTURES—GAIN ON PURCHASE OF JOINT VENTURE PARTNER'S INTERESTREVENUE RECOGNITION

On September 16, 2016,Rental revenues are recognized as earned based upon amounts that are currently due from tenants. Leases are generally on month-to-month terms. Prepaid rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases. Promotional discounts are recognized as a reduction to rental income over the promotional period. Late charges, administrative fees, merchandise sales and truck rentals are recognized as income when earned. Tenant reinsurance premiums are recognized as revenue when received.

The Company's management fees are earned subject to the terms of the related management services agreements ("MSAs"). These MSAs provide that the Company acquired 23will perform management services, which include leasing and operating the property and providing accounting, marketing, banking and maintenance services. These services are provided in exchange for monthly management fees, which are based on a percentage of revenues collected from stores owned by third parties and unconsolidated joint ventures. MSAs generally have original terms from its ESS PRISA II LLC joint venture ("PRISA II")three to five years, after which management services are provided on a month-to-month basis unless terminated. Management fees are due on the last day of each calendar month that management services are provided.

The Company accounts for the management services provided to a customer as a single performance obligation which are rendered over time each month. The total amount of consideration from the contract is variable as it is based on monthly revenues each month. The variable amount of management fees earned is dependent on the revenue and cash collected at the managed stores. Revenue is influenced by multiple factors, including tenant behavior, economic conditions in a step acquisition. Thesethe markets in which the stores are located, in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Tennesseethe effect of competition, and Virginia. The Company owned 4.42% of PRISA II, with the other 95.58% owned by affiliates of Prudential Global Investment Management ("Prudential"). PRISA II created a new subsidiary, Extra Space Properties 131 LLC ("ESP 131"), and transferred 23 stores into ESP 131. PRISA II then distributed ESP 131 to the Company and Prudential on a pro rata basis. This distribution was accounted for as a spinoff, and was therefore recorded at the net carrying amount of the properties of $4,326. Immediately after the distribution, the Company acquired Prudential's 95.58% interest in ESP 131 for $238,679, resulting in 100% ownership of ESP 131 and the related 23 stores. Based on the purchase price of Prudential's share of ESP 131, the Company determined that the fair value of its investment in ESP 131 immediately prior to the acquisition of Prudential's share was $10,988, and the Company recorded a gain of $6,662 as a result of re-measuring to fair value its existing equity interest in ESP 131. This gain is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partners' interests on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded fixed assets related to this acquisition of $248,530, which includes total cash paid, the investment in ESP 131, and the step acquisition gain, less net assets acquired. Subsequent to these transactions, PRISA II owned 42 stores. The Company sold its 4.42% interest in PRISA II to Prudential immediately following these transactions for $34,758 in cash. The carrying valuefactors outside of the Company's investment priorcontrol. Since the management fee is dependent on revenue levels, the MSAs have a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts that are difficult to estimate.

The total consideration for each contract cannot be estimated as it is dependent on factors outside of the Company's control. The uncertainty about the amount of consideration to be received under each MSA cannot be resolved until the actual revenues and cash collected by the related managed stores is known. The total consideration for each MSA is not known until the end of that MSA's term. One month of uncertainty regarding the consideration amount is resolved as each month passes and the actual revenues for that month can be determined. Therefore, at the end of each month, the Company allocates the actual management fee earned to the acquisition was $3,912,distinct services provided during that month and recognizes it as revenue as the uncertainty regarding the amount of revenues for that month has been resolved.

Due to the standardized terms of the MSAs, the Company recordedaccounts for all MSAs in a gain on the sale of $30,846. This gainsimilar, consistent manner. Therefore, no disaggregated information relating to MSAs is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partners' interests on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.presented.

26


EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

On February 2, 2016, the Company acquired six stores from its VRS Self Storage LLC joint venture (“VRS”) in a step acquisition. These stores are located in Florida, Maryland, Nevada, New York, and Tennessee. The Company owns 45.0% of VRS, with the other 55.0% owned by affiliates of Prudential. VRS created a new subsidiary, Extra Space Properties 122 LLC (“ESP 122”) and transferred six stores into ESP 122. VRS then distributed ESP 122 to the Company and Prudential on a pro rata basis. This distribution was accounted for as a spinoff, and was therefore recorded at the net carrying amount of the stores of $17,261. Immediately after the distribution, the Company acquired Prudential’s 55.0% interest in ESP 122 for $53,940, resulting in 100% ownership of ESP 122 and the related six stores. Based on the purchase price of Prudential’s share of ESP 122, the Company determined that the fair value of its investment in ESP 122 immediately prior to the acquisition of Prudential’s share was $44,184, and the Company recorded a gain of $26,923 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as a result of remeasuring to fair value its existing equity interest in ESP 122. This gain is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partners' interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded fixed assets related to this acquisition of $98,082, which includes total cash paid, the investment in ESP 122, and the step acquisition gain, less net assets acquired.

14.15.    SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates inCompany’s segment disclosures present the measure used by the chief operating decision makers ("CODMs") for purposes of assessing each segment’s performance. The Company’s CODMs are comprised of several members of its executive management team who use net operating income ("NOI") to assess the performance of the business for the Company’s reportable operating segments. NOI for our self-storage operations represents total property revenue less direct property operating expenses. NOI for our tenant reinsurance segment represents tenant reinsurance revenues less tenant reinsurance expense.

The Company’s segments were historically comprised of three distinctreportable segments: (1) rental operations; (2) tenant reinsurance; and (3) property management, acquisition and development. ManagementBased on how the CODMs review performance and make decisions, the Company realigned its segments as of December 31, 2017 into two reportable segments: (1) self-storage operations and (2) tenant reinsurance. The self-storage operations activities include rental operations of wholly-owned stores. The Company's consolidated revenues equal total segment revenues plus property management fees collected for consolidated joint ventureand other income. Tenant reinsurance activities include the reinsurance of risks relating to the loss of goods stored by tenants in the stores operated by the Company. Excluded from segment revenues and net operating income is property management fees and other income.

For all periods presented, substantially all of the Company's real estate assets, intangible assets, other assets, and accrued and other liabilities are eliminated in consolidation.associated with the self-storage operations segment. The prior periods have been restated to conform to the current presentation. Financial information for the Company’s business segments is presentedset forth below:
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Balance Sheet   
Investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures   
Rental operations$78,512
 $79,570
Total assets   
Rental operations$6,728,499
 $6,731,292
Tenant reinsurance42,786
 44,524
Property management, acquisition and development315,670
 315,630
 $7,086,955
 $7,091,446

 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Statement of Operations       
Total revenues       
Rental operations$248,589
 $224,451
 $720,878
 $635,730
Tenant reinsurance25,882
 22,727
 73,050
 64,936
Property management, acquisition and development9,685
 10,005
 29,239
 30,193
 284,156
 257,183
 823,167
 730,859
Operating expenses, including depreciation and amortization       
Rental operations115,162
 106,530
 341,191
 312,389
Tenant reinsurance6,272
 4,093
 13,996
 12,345
Property management, acquisition and development22,841
 23,836
 67,489
 79,471
 144,275
 134,459
 422,676
 404,205
Income (loss) from operations       
Rental operations133,427
 117,921
 379,687
 323,341
Tenant reinsurance19,610
 18,634
 59,054
 52,591
Property management, acquisition and development(13,156) (13,831) (38,250) (49,278)
 139,881
 122,724
 400,491
 326,654
Gain (loss) on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate       
Property management, acquisition and development
 
 (6,019) 9,814
Interest expense       
Rental operations(38,379) (32,619) (109,414) (95,125)
Property management, acquisition and development(1,387) (875) (3,778) (2,530)
 (39,766) (33,494) (113,192) (97,655)
        
Non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of discount on equity component of exchangeable senior notes       
Property management, acquisition and development(1,268) (1,243) (3,827) (3,716)
Interest income       
Property management, acquisition and development869
 1,358
 2,797
 4,697
 

 

 

 

Interest income on note receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holder       
Property management, acquisition and development532
 1,213
 2,404
 3,638
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures       
Rental operations3,990
 3,625
 11,407
 9,813
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partners' interests       
Property management, acquisition and development
 37,509
 
 64,432
Income tax (expense) benefit       
Rental operations(834) (550) (1,759) (1,840)
Tenant reinsurance(3,572) (3,504) (10,701) (9,352)
Property management, acquisition and development1,243
 (412) 3,306
 188
 (3,163) (4,466) (9,154) (11,004)
Net income (loss)       
Rental operations98,204
 88,377
 279,921
 236,189
Tenant reinsurance16,038
 15,130
 48,353
 43,239
Property management, acquisition and development(13,167) 23,719
 (43,367) 27,245
 $101,075
 $127,226
 $284,907
 $306,673

For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,

20182017 20182017
Revenues:

   
     Self-Storage Operations$258,128
$240,796
 $506,014
$472,289
     Tenant Reinsurance28,521
24,313
 55,555
47,168
          Total segment revenues286,649
265,109
 561,569
519,457



   
Operating expenses:

   
     Self-Storage Operations$73,083
$67,295
 $145,836
$133,940
     Tenant Reinsurance5,471
3,804
 11,078
7,724
          Total segment operating expenses$78,554
$71,099
 $156,914
$141,664



   
Net operating income:

   
     Self-Storage Operations185,045
173,501
 360,178
338,349
     Tenant Reinsurance23,050
20,509
 44,477
39,444
          Total segment net operating income:$208,095
$194,010
 $404,655
$377,793



   
Other components of net income (loss):

   
Property management fees and other income10,164
10,894
 20,729
19,554
General and administrative expense(21,651)(21,865) (43,115)(40,673)
Depreciation and amortization expense(51,892)(46,632) (103,641)(96,064)
Loss on real estate transactions and impairment of real estate
(6,019) 
(6,019)
     Interest expense(43,347)(37,456) (84,313)(73,426)
Non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of discount on equity component of exchangeable senior notes(1,176)(1,290) (2,385)(2,559)
     Interest income1,188
1,485
 2,626
3,800
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures3,429
3,838
 7,026
7,417
     Income tax expense(2,097)(2,867) (3,439)(5,991)
          Net income$102,713
$94,098
 $198,143
$183,832


27

 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Depreciation and amortization expense       
Rental operations$44,732
 $44,189
 $136,821
 $126,506
Property management, acquisition and development3,343
 2,366
 7,318
 6,896
 $48,075
 $46,555
 $144,139
 $133,402
Statement of Cash Flows       
Acquisition of real estate assets       
Property management, acquisition and development

 

 $(119,040) $(763,246)
Development and redevelopment of real estate assets       
Property management, acquisition and development

 

 $(20,670) $(18,492)

EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

15.16.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company iswas involved in various legal proceedings and iswas subject to various claims and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the outcome of these matters cannot presently be determined with any degree of certainty. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, management establishes an accrued liability for litigation when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. The estimated loss, if any, is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. The Company could in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations in any particular period, notwithstanding the fact that the Company is currently vigorously defending any legal proceedings against it.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company was under agreement to acquire 3515 stores at a total purchase price of $462,116.$194,486. Of these stores, 23 are scheduled to close in 2017 at a purchase price of $308,225, nine11 are scheduled to close in 2018 at a purchase price of $118,463,$145,258, three are scheduled to close in 2019 at a purchase price of $38,700, and three areone is scheduled to close thereafter at a purchase price of $35,428.$10,528. Additionally, the Company is under agreement to acquire 1923 stores with joint venture partners, for a total investment of $96,750. Six$77,610. Twenty of these stores are scheduled to close in 2017, while2018 and the remaining 13three stores are expected to close in 2018.

The Company owns and/or operates stores located in Texas, Florida, and Puerto Rico that were impacted by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Losses incurred to date by these hurricanes include property damage, net of insurance recoveries, of $2,110, and tenant reinsurance claims of $2,250, which are included in property operations and tenant reinsurance on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.2019.

Although there can be no assurance, the Company is not aware of any material environmental liability, for which it believes it will be ultimately responsible, that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of properties in the vicinity of the Company’s stores, the activities of its tenants and other environmental conditions of which the Company is unaware with respect to its stores could result in future material environmental liabilities.

16.17.     SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company purchased seventhree stores located in Georgia, Maryland, Oregon, VirginiaFlorida, Minnesota and WashingtonNorth Carolina for a total purchase price of $83,125.$47,125. These acquisitions are included in the amounts shown in the commitments and contingencies footnote.

On July 5, 2018, the remaining principal amount of 2013 Notes were redeemed for $21,801 in cash.

Subsequent to quarter end, the Company sold 343,251 shares of stock under its "at the market" equity program. The average price was $99.75 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $33,897.






ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Amounts in thousands, except store and share data

CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” and the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” appearing elsewhere in this report and the “Consolidated Financial Statements,” “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. We make statements in this section that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. For a complete discussion of forward-looking statements, see the section in this Form 10-Q entitled “Statement on Forward-Looking Information.”

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report and the audited financial statements contained in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 describe the significant accounting policies essential to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Preparation of our financial statements requires estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions that we have used are appropriate and correct based on information available at the time they were made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect our reported assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the period presented. If there are material differences between these estimates, judgments and assumptions and actual facts, our financial statements may be affected.

In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require our judgment in its application. There are areas in which our judgment in selecting among available alternatives would not produce a materially different result, but there are some areas in which our judgment in selecting among available alternatives would produce a materially different result. See the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that contain additional information regarding our accounting policies and other disclosures.

OVERVIEW

We are a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT,real estate investment trust (“REIT”), formed to continue the business commenced in 1977 by Extra Space Storage LLC and its subsidiaries to own, operate, manage, acquire, develop and redevelop professionally managed self-storage stores.

properties (“stores”). We derive substantially all of our revenues from our two segments: storage operations and tenant reinsurance. Primary sources of revenue for our storage operations segment include rents received from tenants under leases at each of our wholly-owned stores;stores. Our operating results depend materially on our ability to lease available self-storage units, to actively manage unit rental rates, and on the ability of our tenants to make required rental payments. Consequently, management spends a significant portion of their time maximizing cash flows from our diverse portfolio of stores. Revenue from our tenant reinsurance program;segment consists of insurance revenues from the reinsurance of risks relating to the loss of goods stored by tenants in the Company's stores. Our segment presentation has changed from the prior year, and from management fees onall applicable information has been reclassified to conform to the current year's segment presentation.
Our stores are generally situated in locations clustered around large population centers. These areas enjoy above average population growth and income levels. The clustering of our assets around these population centers enables us to reduce our operating costs through economies of scale. To maximize the performance of our stores, we use an internally developed revenue management system that enables us to analyze, set and adjust rental rates in real time across our portfolio in order to respond to changing market conditions. We believe our systems and processes allow us to more pro-actively manage for joint venture partners and unaffiliated third parties. Our management fee is equal to approximately 6.0% of cash collected from the managed stores.

revenues.
We operate in competitive markets, often where consumers have multiple stores from which to choose. Competition has impacted, and will continue to impact, our store results. We experience seasonal fluctuations in occupancy levels, with occupancy levels generally higher in the summer months due to increased moving activity. Our operating results depend materially on our ability to lease available self-storage units and actively manage rental rates, and on the ability of our tenants to make required rental payments. We believe that we are able to respond quickly and effectively to changes in local, regional and national economic conditions by centrally adjusting rental rates through


the combination of our revenue management team and our industry-leading technologyproprietary pricing systems.

We continue to evaluate a range of new initiatives and opportunities in order to enable us to maximize stockholder value. Our strategies to maximize stockholder value include the following:


Maximize the performance of our stores through strategic, efficient and proactive management. We pursue revenue-generating and expense-minimizing opportunities in our operations. Our revenue management team seeks to maximize revenue by responding to changing market conditions through our advanced technology system’s ability to provide real-time, interactive rental rate and discount management. Our size allows us greater ability than the majority of our competitors to implement more effective online marketing programs, which we believe will attract more customers to our stores at a lower net cost.
Acquire self-storage stores. Our acquisitions team continues to pursue the acquisition of multi-store portfolios and single stores that we believe can provide stockholder value. We have established a reputation as a reliable, ethical buyer, which we believe enhances our ability to negotiate and close acquisitions. In addition, we believe our status as an UPREIT enables flexibility when structuring deals. We continue to review available acquisitions. We remain a disciplined buyer and only execute acquisitions that we believe will strengthen our portfolio and increase stockholder value.
Expand our management business. Our management business enables us to generate increased revenues through management fees and to expand our geographic footprint. We believe this expanded footprint enables us to reduce our operating costs through economies of scale. In addition, we see our management business as a future acquisition pipeline. We pursue strategic relationships with owners whose stores would enhance our portfolio in the event an opportunity arises to acquire such stores.

PROPERTIES

As of September 30, 2017, we owned, had ownership interests in, or managed 1,513 stores in 38 states, Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico. Of these 1,513 stores, we owned 844 stores, we held joint venture interests in 184 stores, and our taxable REIT subsidiary, Extra Space Management, Inc., operated an additional 485 stores that are owned by third parties. These operating stores contain approximately 114.0 million square feet of rentable space in approximately 1.0 million units.

Our stores are generally situated in convenient, highly visible locations clustered around large population centers such as Atlanta, Baltimore/Washington, D.C., Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix, St. Petersburg/Tampa and San Francisco/Oakland. These markets contain above-average population growth and income demographics. The clustering of assets around these population centers enables us to reduce our operating costs through economies of scale. Our acquisitions and management business have given us an increased scale in many core markets as well as a foothold in many markets where we had no previous presence.

We consider a store to be in the lease-up stage after it has been issued a certificate of occupancy, but before it has achieved stabilization. We consider a store to be stabilized once it has achieved either an 80% average occupancy rate for a full year measured as of January 1 of the current year, or has been open for three years prior to January 1 of the current year.

PROPERTIES

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we owned or had ownership interests in 1,082 operating stores. Of these stores, 868 are wholly-owned, three are in consolidated joint ventures, and 211 are in unconsolidated joint ventures. In addition, we managed an additional 486 stores for third parties bringing the total number of stores which we own and/or manage to 1,568. These stores are located in 39 states, Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico. The majority of our stores are clustered around large population centers. Our acquisitions have given us an increased scale in many core markets as well as a foothold in many markets where we had no previous presence.

As of June 30, 2018, approximately 920,000905,000 tenants were leasing storage units at the 1,513 operating stores that we own and/or manage, primarily on a month-to-month basis, providing the flexibility to increase rental rates over time as market conditions permit. Existing tenants generally receive rate increases at least annually, for which no direct correlation has been drawn to our vacancy trends. Although leases are short-term in duration, the typical tenant tends to remain at our stores for an extended period of time. For stores that were stabilized as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the average length of stay was approximately 14.5 months for tenants who have vacated in the last 1215.1 months.

The average annual rent per square foot for our existing customers at stabilized stores, net of discounts and bad debt, was $15.77$16.02 for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, compared to $15.24$15.41 for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Average annual rent per square foot for new leases was $16.90$18.31 for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, compared to $16.06$16.87 for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. The average discount, as a percentage of rental revenues, at all stabilized properties during these periods was 3.7%4.4% and 2.9%3.9%, respectively.

Our store portfolio is made up of different types of construction and building configurations depending on the site and the municipality where it is located. Most often sites are what we consider “hybrid” stores, a mix of drive-up and multi-floor buildings. We have a number of multi-floor buildings with elevator access only, and a number of stores featuring ground-floor access only.

Stabilized Store Data Based on Location

The following table presents additional information regarding net rentable square feet and the occupancynumber of our stabilized stores by state as of September 30, 2017 and 2016. The information as of September 30, 2016 is on a pro forma basis as though all the stores owned and/or managed at September 30, 2017 were under our control as of September 30, 2016.state.

   Company Pro forma Company Pro forma Company Pro forma
LocationNumber of Stores 
Number of Units as of
September 30, 2017
(1)
 Number of Units as of
September 30, 2016
 
Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2017
(2)
 Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2016
 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2017 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2016
Wholly-Owned Stores             
Alabama8
 4,691
 4,650
 556,216
 556,971
 91.2% 90.1%
Arizona22
 13,773
 13,640
 1,530,770
 1,531,922
 93.6% 91.3%
California143
 110,726
 108,965
 11,395,369
 11,369,700
 95.3% 94.4%
Colorado13
 7,080
 6,656
 852,884
 822,689
 91.6% 91.6%
Connecticut7
 5,101
 4,966
 496,026
 485,247
 94.0% 92.9%
Florida78
 56,628
 55,796
 5,965,751
 5,942,885
 94.4% 93.1%
Georgia49
 30,130
 29,401
 3,811,743
 3,765,111
 94.1% 91.7%
Hawaii9
 8,550
 8,523
 603,411
 603,349
 93.8% 93.2%
Illinois27
 19,152
 18,703
 2,057,271
 2,016,245
 92.6% 92.0%
Indiana15
 7,924
 7,802
 943,029
 940,348
 93.3% 93.2%
Kansas1
 532
 529
 49,989
 49,999
 96.3% 96.2%
Kentucky10
 5,901
 5,876
 767,669
 757,090
 91.9% 91.8%
Louisiana2
 1,407
 1,405
 149,930
 149,880
 95.2% 93.3%
Maryland29
 22,487
 22,337
 2,294,086
 2,291,567
 92.6% 92.5%
Massachusetts38
 23,924
 23,815
 2,363,571
 2,363,819
 94.1% 91.6%
Michigan4
 2,401
 2,388
 324,276
 323,976
 94.8% 94.4%
Minnesota1
 740
 740
 74,550
 74,550
 94.0% 76.7%
Mississippi3
 1,510
 1,511
 217,442
 218,282
 92.5% 89.7%
Missouri6
 3,332
 3,290
 389,411
 385,951
 94.2% 92.4%
Nevada15
 9,191
 9,111
 1,313,933
 1,313,545
 95.3% 92.6%
New Hampshire2
 1,046
 1,043
 125,987
 126,053
 89.8% 94.5%
New Jersey58
 45,967
 45,458
 4,507,390
 4,498,001
 95.3% 93.1%
New Mexico12
 6,656
 6,579
 751,518
 749,053
 94.7% 93.4%
New York21
 19,310
 19,241
 1,553,309
 1,549,618
 93.5% 92.9%
North Carolina12
 7,937
 7,845
 848,649
 847,269
 92.5% 90.8%
Ohio17
 9,545
 9,536
 1,250,475
 1,248,121
 92.8% 92.5%
Oregon4
 2,792
 2,738
 327,487
 326,977
 93.7% 91.6%
Pennsylvania14
 9,832
 9,625
 1,053,644
 1,046,635
 91.8% 91.2%
Rhode Island2
 1,301
 1,274
 131,021
 131,521
 95.7% 95.0%
South Carolina21
 12,082
 11,898
 1,572,859
 1,569,374
 92.6% 89.5%
Tennessee23
 13,041
 12,864
 1,755,104
 1,767,356
 92.9% 92.3%
Texas90
 59,106
 58,661
 7,582,540
 7,526,015
 92.6% 90.0%
Utah7
 3,861
 3,870
 476,999
 477,034
 93.7% 94.2%

   Company Pro forma Company Pro forma Company Pro forma
LocationNumber of Stores 
Number of Units as of
September 30, 2017
(1)
 Number of Units as of
September 30, 2016
 
Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2017
(2)
 Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2016
 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2017 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2016
Virginia41
 31,025
 30,804
 3,288,449
 3,283,976
 93.0% 91.2%
Washington7
 4,330
 4,301
 509,638
 509,358
 96.5% 94.8%
Washington, DC1
 1,219
 1,220
 99,689
 99,739
 92.4% 92.3%
Total Wholly-Owned Stabilized812
 564,230
 557,061
 61,992,085
 61,719,226
 93.8% 92.3%
              
Joint-Venture Stores             
Alabama1
 619
 602
 75,296
 74,856
 96.1% 93.5%
Arizona6
 3,747
 3,725
 429,273
 428,883
 93.6% 92.2%
California47
 34,171
 33,887
 3,279,318
 3,283,061
 94.5% 94.5%
Colorado2
 1,333
 1,315
 160,654
 157,986
 91.6% 93.0%
Connecticut5
 3,770
 3,759
 405,190
 403,910
 91.6% 92.1%
Delaware1
 561
 603
 76,765
 71,910
 88.5% 82.7%
Florida12
 10,047
 9,988
 1,006,891
 1,002,212
 96.0% 93.2%
Georgia1
 614
 608
 81,770
 81,820
 92.5% 88.9%
Illinois4
 2,685
 2,692
 288,399
 288,115
 90.7% 92.0%
Indiana1
 454
 445
 57,010
 56,954
 92.8% 97.1%
Kansas2
 848
 845
 109,170
 109,375
 96.7% 92.2%
Kentucky3
 1,399
 1,374
 158,980
 153,825
 90.5% 94.9%
Maryland7
 5,901
 5,881
 531,126
 529,070
 92.6% 92.2%
Massachusetts9
 5,132
 5,114
 534,378
 534,877
 91.6% 92.5%
Michigan5
 3,228
 3,207
 396,749
 397,059
 94.6% 92.9%
Missouri1
 544
 542
 61,375
 61,075
 93.0% 92.1%
Nevada2
 1,212
 1,205
 123,610
 123,565
 98.3% 93.9%
New Hampshire2
 805
 794
 85,061
 83,845
 91.4% 91.9%
New Jersey13
 10,403
 10,328
 1,029,694
 1,029,588
 94.3% 92.4%
New Mexico2
 1,051
 1,047
 134,403
 134,371
 93.3% 91.5%
New York8
 7,750
 7,677
 653,499
 649,362
 94.0% 93.3%
Ohio5
 2,896
 2,877
 382,178
 381,432
 93.6% 92.7%
Oregon1
 654
 652
 64,970
 64,970
 94.6% 95.5%
Pennsylvania4
 2,728
 2,699
 314,845
 312,995
 93.5% 90.9%
Tennessee6
 3,864
 3,799
 475,155
 474,990
 93.2% 93.4%
Texas10
 5,784
 5,789
 672,110
 672,696
 92.2% 92.0%
Virginia7
 5,093
 5,090
 514,117
 514,172
 80.2% 90.9%
Washington, DC1
 1,691
 1,694
 104,382
 104,454
 87.9% 91.5%
Total Joint-Venture Stabilized168
 118,984
 118,238
 12,206,368
 12,181,428
 93.1% 93.0%
              
Managed Stores             
Alabama9
 4,202
 4,232
 595,551
 602,341
 92.0% 90.7%
Arizona5
 2,619
 2,633
 312,159
 312,407
 90.8% 84.8%
California75
 52,308
 50,511
 6,229,279
 6,054,110
 94.2% 93.5%
Colorado16
 8,853
 8,596
 1,039,790
 1,044,988
 89.7% 88.3%
Connecticut2
 1,423
 1,414
 182,380
 182,149
 94.8% 90.9%

   Company Pro forma Company Pro forma Company Pro forma
LocationNumber of Stores 
Number of Units as of
September 30, 2017
(1)
 Number of Units as of
September 30, 2016
 
Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2017
(2)
 Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2016
 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2017 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2016
Florida49
 33,975
 33,489
 4,026,357
 4,015,636
 94.6% 92.8%
Georgia8
 4,098
 3,962
 578,397
 573,080
 94.4% 93.7%
Hawaii6
 4,801
 4,685
 353,629
 352,278
 93.7% 91.3%
Illinois12
 7,144
 7,159
 743,634
 744,437
 91.0% 90.7%
Indiana4
 2,034
 2,020
 238,358
 238,028
 90.1% 91.8%
Kansas1
 570
 572
 70,480
 70,480
 97.2% 94.4%
Kentucky2
 1,328
 1,332
 218,334
 218,887
 93.9% 92.2%
Louisiana1
 987
 987
 133,360
 133,325
 97.6% 92.2%
Maryland21
 15,214
 15,214
 1,477,429
 1,475,581
 93.5% 91.2%
Massachusetts3
 1,543
 1,540
 182,945
 182,945
 90.2% 92.1%
Michigan6
 3,364
 3,352
 417,754
 416,650
 96.2% 92.7%
Mississippi1
 371
 371
 50,325
 50,325
 89.9% 66.3%
Missouri3
 1,663
 1,582
 186,319
 182,910
 93.2% 92.8%
Nevada11
 9,451
 9,398
 1,142,141
 1,142,571
 96.1% 90.6%
New Jersey6
 4,528
 4,514
 388,799
 391,541
 93.8% 87.9%
New Mexico2
 1,267
 1,261
 164,525
 163,245
 89.9% 84.0%
New York13
 11,028
 11,012
 676,752
 676,510
 89.4% 80.6%
North Carolina20
 8,599
 8,440
 1,176,243
 1,181,578
 91.5% 85.4%
Ohio5
 2,291
 2,249
 274,670
 274,870
 91.4% 94.3%
Oklahoma11
 5,864
 5,823
 970,694
 953,385
 88.8% 80.6%
Oregon1
 445
 447
 39,300
 39,430
 92.4% 93.7%
Pennsylvania18
 10,859
 10,715
 1,253,565
 1,244,635
 91.8% 92.4%
South Carolina5
 3,629
 3,624
 448,567
 450,659
 94.2% 92.2%
Tennessee4
 2,282
 2,151
 287,694
 282,263
 92.4% 94.1%
Texas26
 15,576
 15,592
 2,224,973
 2,217,402
 89.6% 90.6%
Utah5
 2,767
 2,781
 400,207
 408,122
 93.1% 90.4%
Virginia7
 4,209
 4,209
 425,899
 426,299
 90.6% 90.7%
Washington3
 1,557
 1,564
 194,327
 181,897
 93.2% 94.3%
Wisconsin1
 680
 680
 90,926
 90,926
 90.1% 74.3%
Puerto Rico4
 2,728
 2,725
 288,258
 289,620
 91.1% 86.6%
Total Managed Stabilized366
 234,257
 230,836
 27,484,020
 27,265,510
 92.8% 90.8%
              
Total Stabilized Stores1,346
 917,471
 906,135
 101,682,473
 101,166,164
 93.5% 92.0%

(1)Represents unit count as of September 30, 2017, which may differ from unit count as of September 30, 2016 due to unit conversions or expansions.
(2)Represents net rentable square feet as of September 30, 2017, which may differ from rentable square feet as of September 30, 2016 due to unit conversions or expansions.

 June 30, 2018
 REIT OwnedJoint Venture OwnedManagedTotal
LocationProperty CountNet Rentable Square FeetProperty CountNet Rentable Square FeetProperty CountNet Rentable Square FeetProperty CountNet Rentable Square Feet
Alabama8
557,008
1
75,286
10
581,626
19
1,213,920
Arizona23
1,623,514
7
467,446
8
582,879
38
2,673,839
California145
11,407,198
53
3,752,847
59
5,598,792
257
20,758,837
Colorado15
1,003,470
2
186,253
23
1,599,416
40
2,789,139
Connecticut7
526,098
7
596,341
2
110,679
16
1,233,118
Delaware

1
76,765
1
69,244
2
146,009
Florida85
6,548,948
17
1,305,040
60
4,381,517
162
12,235,505
Georgia56
4,318,347
3
274,775
15
1,091,254
74
5,684,376
Hawaii9
603,305


7
403,433
16
1,006,738
Illinois31
2,394,696
5
372,261
23
1,574,507
59
4,341,464
Indiana15
947,083
1
56,926
10
648,594
26
1,652,603
Kansas1
49,999
2
108,770
1
70,420
4
229,189
Kentucky11
831,498
1
51,088
4
312,456
16
1,195,042
Louisiana2
150,555


1
133,810
3
284,365
Maryland32
2,560,542
7
530,453
22
1,543,185
61
4,634,180
Massachusetts43
2,661,786
9
559,238
5
304,971
57
3,525,995
Michigan7
562,399
4
313,149


11
875,548
Minnesota2
137,621


5
279,349
7
416,970
Mississippi3
216,362


4
255,280
7
471,642
Missouri5
332,036
2
119,575
7
450,469
14
902,080
Nebraska



2
127,903
2
127,903
Nevada14
1,042,051
4
472,731
6
773,337
24
2,288,119
New Hampshire2
135,810
2
84,005
4
193,745
8
413,560
New Jersey59
4,724,665
17
1,244,815
7
547,479
83
6,516,959
New Mexico11
721,685
3
163,410
4
337,224
18
1,222,319
New York23
1,733,168
11
857,293
14
735,533
48
3,325,994
North Carolina17
1,228,676
1
68,265
17
1,323,602
35
2,620,543
Ohio17
1,306,170
5
325,441
3
181,929
25
1,813,540
Oklahoma



18
1,494,672
18
1,494,672
Oregon6
399,452
3
216,866
5
302,280
14
918,598
Pennsylvania16
1,202,039
7
506,986
18
1,251,682
41
2,960,707
Rhode Island2
130,846


1
84,665
3
215,511
South Carolina23
1,751,485
1
81,926
13
981,616
37
2,815,027
Tennessee17
1,416,761
12
801,950
10
771,801
39
2,990,512
Texas99
8,540,647
10
705,326
60
4,798,267
169
14,044,240
Utah10
707,456


9
670,200
19
1,377,656
Virginia46
3,668,032
6
445,214
13
981,371
65
5,094,617
Washington8
591,309
1
56,230
3
222,852
12
870,391
Washington, DC1
99,614
1
104,382
1
73,237
3
277,233
Wisconsin

5
499,381
3
203,035
8
702,416
Puerto Rico



8
914,248
8
914,248
Totals871
66,832,331
211
15,480,434
486
36,962,559
1,568
119,275,324


Lease-up Store Data Based on Location

The following table presents additional information regarding the occupancy of our lease-up stores by state as of September 30, 2017 and 2016. The information as of September 30, 2016 is on a pro forma basis as though all the stores owned and/or managed at September 30, 2017 were under our control as of September 30, 2016.

   Company Pro forma Company Pro forma Company Pro forma
LocationNumber of Stores 
Number of Units as of
September 30, 2017
(1)
 Number of Units as of
September 30, 2016
 
Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2017
(2)
 Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2016
 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2017 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2016
Wholly-Owned Stores             
Arizona1 606
 609
 63,395
 63,395
 98.5% 88.1%
California4 2,662
 2,606
 258,633
 253,638
 87.9% 60.0%
Florida4 2,889
 1,056
 287,310
 113,163
 62.2% 92.3%
Georgia6 3,695
 3,667
 442,453
 442,273
 84.9% 53.6%
Illinois3 2,724
 2,659
 252,854
 238,754
 69.9% 19.4%
Massachusetts2 2,013
 1,971
 139,918
 138,931
 80.9% 54.6%
New York1 822
 820
 100,470
 100,480
 58.3% 58.3%
North Carolina3 2,277
 1,797
 204,254
 163,919
 79.3% 73.0%
South Carolina1 695
 695
 78,680
 78,680
 86.2% 77.9%
Texas5 2,989
 2,981
 411,226
 411,396
 90.0% 81.8%
Utah2 1,211
 998
 143,244
 110,875
 84.7% 39.1%
Total Wholly-Owned in Lease-up32 22,583
 19,859
 2,382,437
 2,115,504
 80.3% 61.0%
              
Joint-Venture Stores             
Arizona1 606
 602
 62,200
 62,200
 94.5% 87.4%
Colorado1 816
 815
 84,855
 84,640
 82.2% 32.5%
Florida3 1,951
 
 202,718
 
 55.4% %
Massachusetts1 487
 
 50,330
 
 37.8% %
New Jersey1 868
 872
 74,131
 74,152
 95.0% 90.9%
New York3 3,856
 3,855
 209,157
 209,387
 75.0% 40.6%
Pennsylvania1 780
 
 76,666
 
 32.4% %
Oregon2 792
 796
 71,465
 71,670
 78.3% 31.5%
Texas1 527
 533
 55,325
 55,275
 88.7% 43.1%
South Carolina1 686
 669
 83,826
 78,085
 91.5% 68.1%
Washington1 623
 637
 82,301
 82,345
 86.0% 46.5%
Total Joint-Venture in Lease-up16 11,992
 8,779
 1,052,974
 717,754
 72.6% 51.9%
              
Managed Stores             
Arizona2 1,848
 1,842
 211,839
 212,789
 67.1% 47.8%
California4 3,692
 2,887
 460,356
 350,486
 71.8% 44.1%
Colorado5 3,375
 1,232
 418,254
 147,604
 45.6% 81.1%
Connecticut2 861
 
 112,282
 
 35.0% %
Florida13 8,667
 595
 842,555
 70,870
 36.3% 85.1%
Georgia4 2,893
 639
 301,880
 78,305
 41.8% %
Hawaii1 641
 
 51,552
 
 3.8% %

   Company Pro forma Company Pro forma Company Pro forma
LocationNumber of Stores 
Number of Units as of
September 30, 2017
(1)
 Number of Units as of
September 30, 2016
 
Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2017
(2)
 Net Rentable
Square Feet as of
September 30, 2016
 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2017 Square Foot Occupancy % September 30, 2016
Illinois10 6,717
 3,159
 676,862
 335,645
 45.5% 30.6%
Indiana5 3,025
 1,995
 361,154
 237,586
 74.2% 51.1%
Kentucky2 955
 522
 94,410
 43,235
 24.9% 0.1%
Maryland3 1,604
 399
 180,444
 28,280
 56.3% 83.8%
Massachusetts2 1,921
 1,922
 153,592
 153,603
 72.2% 44.0%
Minnesota5 3,135
 644
 324,652
 62,389
 74.0% 80.3%
Missouri1 704
 
 68,042
 
 17.4% %
Nevada1 764
 764
 153,571
 153,571
 85.0% 61.6%
New Hampshire3 1,098
 372
 109,948
 35,196
 48.7% 45.0%
New Jersey3 2,208
 754
 239,725
 109,877
 67.9% 44.5%
New Mexico2 797
 393
 162,369
 79,019
 40.9% 45.0%
North Carolina9 6,044
 2,499
 648,738
 297,221
 62.0% 64.1%
Ohio2 996
 538
 111,254
 67,860
 77.7% 82.3%
Oklahoma4 1,896
 293
 271,336
 67,750
 30.3% 1.4%
Pennsylvania2 1,474
 
 133,766
 
 34.3% %
Rhode Island1 692
 692
 83,865
 83,865
 64.7% 56.0%
South Carolina5 3,246
 627
 381,081
 67,375
 62.8% 84.9%
Texas19 14,241
 6,055
 1,582,841
 702,663
 43.0% 26.4%
Utah1 386
 405
 44,199
 44,149
 90.2% 48.2%
Virginia3 2,630
 
 274,796
 
 44.3% %
Washington, DC1 882
 
 73,237
 
 44.6% %
Wisconsin4 3,386
 1,154
 391,641
 153,775
 34.6% 31.7%
Total Managed in Lease-up119 80,778
 30,382
 8,920,241
 3,583,113
 50.8% 50.8%
              
Total Lease-up Stores167 115,353
 59,020
 12,355,652
 6,416,371
 50.9% 58.4%

(1)Represents unit count as of September 30, 2017, which may differ from unit count as of September 30, 2016 due to unit conversions or expansions.
(2)Represents net rentable square feet as of September 30, 2017, which may differ from rentable square feet as of September 30, 2016 due to unit conversions or expansions.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017

Overview
Results for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 included the operations of 1,0281,082 stores (844(868 wholly-owned, twothree in consolidated joint ventures, and 182211 in joint ventures accounted for using the equity method) compared to the results for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, which included the operations of 9991,023 stores (810(840 wholly-owned, onetwo in a consolidated joint venture, and 188181 in joint ventures accounted for using the equity method).



Revenues
The following table presents information on revenues earned for the periods indicated: 
For the Three Months Ended September 30,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 
 
 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
2017 2016 $ Change % Change 2017 2016 $ Change % Change2018 2017 $ Change % Change 2018 2017 $ Change % Change
Revenues:                              
Property rental$248,589
 $224,451
 $24,138
 10.8 % $720,878
 $635,730
 $85,148
 13.4 %$258,128
 $240,796
 $17,332
 7.2 % $506,014
 $472,289
 $33,725
 7.1%
Tenant reinsurance25,882
 22,727
 3,155
 13.9 % 73,050
 64,936
 8,114
 12.5 %28,521
 24,313
 4,208
 17.3 % 55,555
 47,168
 8,387
 17.8%
Management fees and other income9,685
 10,005
 (320) (3.2)% 29,239
 30,193
 (954) (3.2)%10,164
 10,894
 (730) (6.7)% 20,729
 19,554
 1,175
 6.0%
Total revenues$284,156
 $257,183
 $26,973
 10.5 % $823,167
 $730,859
 $92,308
 12.6 %$296,813
 $276,003
 $20,810
 7.5 % $582,298
 $539,011
 $43,287
 8.0%

Property Rental—The increase in property rental revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 was primarily the result of an increaseincreases in rental rates at our stabilized stores and revenues from newly-acquired stores. Increases of $14,506$14,496 and $52,487,$25,061, respectively, associated withwere attributable to store acquisitions completed in 20172018 and 2016.2017. We acquired nine22 stores during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 9946 stores during the year ended December 31, 2016. Property2017. Increases of $9,181 and $20,378 respectively, were due to rental revenue also increased by $9,990 and $31,727, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as a result ofrate increases in occupancy and rental rates tofor new and existing customers at our stabilized stores. Occupancy at our wholly-owned stabilized stores increased to 93.8% at September 30, 2017, as compared to 92.3% at September 30, 2016. The rental rate to new tenants on wholly-owned stores forduring the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 increased an average2018. These increases were partially offset by decreases of approximately 4.8% over$7,038 and $13,713 respectively, due to property sales. Thirty-six stores were sold to a joint venture in which we hold a ten percent interest and is accounted for using the same period in the prior year.equity method.

Tenant Reinsurance—The increase in our tenant reinsurance revenues was due primarily to the increase in the number of stores operated. We operated 1,5131,568 stores at SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 compared to 1,4211,470 stores at SeptemberJune 30, 2016. Additionally, the average dollar per policy was higher during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 when compared to the same period in the prior year.2017.

Management Fees and Other Income—Our taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), Extra Space Management Inc., managesfees and other income primarily represent the fee collected for our management of stores owned by ourthird parties and unconsolidated joint ventures and third parties. Management fees generally represent approximately 6.0% of cash collected from these stores.ventures.

Expenses
The following table presents information on expenses for the periods indicated:
For the Three Months Ended September 30,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,     For the Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
2017 2016 $ Change % Change 2017 2016 $ Change % Change2018 2017 $ Change % Change 2018 2017 $ Change % Change
Expenses:                              
Property operations$70,430
 $62,341
 $8,089
 13.0 % $204,370
 $185,883
 $18,487
 9.9 %$73,083
 $67,295
 $5,788
 8.6 % $145,836
 $133,940
 $11,896
 8.9%
Tenant reinsurance6,272
 4,093
 2,179
 53.2 % 13,996
 12,345
 1,651
 13.4 %5,471
 3,804
 1,667
 43.8 % 11,078
 7,724
 3,354
 43.4%
Acquisition related costs and other
 1,933
 (1,933) (100.0)% 
 9,124
 (9,124) (100.0)%
General and administrative19,498
 19,537
 (39) (0.2)% 60,171
 63,451
 (3,280) (5.2)%21,651
 21,865
 (214) (1.0)% 43,115
 40,673
 2,442
 6.0%
Depreciation and amortization48,075
 46,555
 1,520
 3.3 % 144,139
 133,402
 10,737
 8.0 %51,892
 46,632
 5,260
 11.3 % 103,641
 96,064
 7,577
 7.9%
Total expenses$144,275
 $134,459
 $9,816
 7.3 % $422,676
 $404,205
 $18,471
 4.6 %$152,097
 $139,596
 $12,501
 9.0 % $303,670
 $278,401
 $25,269
 9.1%



Property Operations—The increaseincreases in property operations expense during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 was2018 were due primarily to an increaseincreases of $4,460$4,787 and $16,943, respectively,$8,776 related to store acquisitions completed in 20172018 and 2016.2017. We acquired nine operating22 stores during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018 and 99 operating46 stores during the year ended December 31, 2016. In addition, a loss of $2,110,000, net of reinsurance proceeds, was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the recent hurricanes.2017.



Tenant Reinsurance—Tenant reinsurance expense represents the costs that are incurred to provide tenant reinsurance. The increase in tenant reinsurance expensechange is due primarily due to the additional claims from recent hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria as well as an increase in the total number of properties covered when compared to the prior year.

Acquisition Related Costs and Other—For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, these costs represented closing and other transaction costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of operating stores which were accounted for as business combinations. On January 1, 2017, we adopted the guidance in ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business," which provides that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset owned and/or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set of assets is not a business. As a result of the adoption of this guidance, acquisitions of operating stores are now considered asset acquisitions, under which transaction costs are capitalized as a component of the cost of the assets acquired, rather than being expensed as incurred as required with business combinations.managed.

General and Administrative—General and administrative expenses primarily include all expenses not directly related to our stores, including corporate payroll, travel and professional fees. These expenses are recognized as incurred. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased when compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of an expense of $4,000 that was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to the accrual of a legal settlement. There were no such expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, this legal proceeding was settled and a payment was made against the related accrued liability. We did not observe any other material trends in specific payroll, travel or other expenses that contributed to the decreasechange in general and administrative expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization—Depreciation and amortization expense increased as a result of the acquisition of new stores. We acquired nine operating22 stores during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 99 operating46 stores during the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.

Other Revenues and Expenses
The following table presents information about other revenues and expenses for the periods indicated:
For the Three Months Ended September 30,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,     For the Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
2017 2016 $ Change % Change 2017 2016 $ Change % Change2018 2017 $ Change % Change 2018 2017 $ Change % Change
Other income and expenses:                              
Gain (loss) on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate$
 $
 $
  % $(6,019) $9,814
 $(15,833) (161.3)%
Loss on real estate transactions and impairment of real estate$
 $(6,019) $6,019
 (100.0)% $
 $(6,019) $6,019
 (100.0)%
Interest expense(39,766) (33,494) (6,272) 18.7 % (113,192) (97,655) (15,537) 15.9 %(43,347) (37,456) (5,891) 15.7 % (84,313) (73,426) (10,887) 14.8 %
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on equity component of exchangeable senior notes(1,268) (1,243) (25) 2.0 % (3,827) (3,716) (111) 3.0 %(1,176) (1,290) 114
 (8.8)% (2,385) (2,559) 174
 (6.8)%
Interest income869
 1,358
 (489) (36.0)% 2,797
 4,697
 (1,900) (40.5)%1,188
 1,485
 (297) (20.0)% 2,626
 3,800
 (1,174) (30.9)%
Interest income on note receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holder532
 1,213
 (681) (56.1)% 2,404
 3,638
 (1,234) (33.9)%
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures3,990
 3,625
 365
 10.1 % 11,407
 9,813
 1,594
 16.2 %3,429
 3,838
 (409) (10.7)% 7,026
 7,417
 (391) (5.3)%
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partners' interests
 37,509
 (37,509) 0.0 % 
 64,432
 (64,432) (100.0)%
Income tax expense(3,163) (4,466) 1,303
 (29.2)% (9,154) (11,004) 1,850
 (16.8)%(2,097) (2,867) 770
 (26.9)% (3,439) (5,991) 2,552
 (42.6)%
Total other expense, net$(38,806) $4,502
 $(43,308) (962.0)% $(115,584) $(19,981) $(95,603) 478.5 %
Total other income (expense), net$(42,003) $(42,309) $306
 (0.7)% $(80,485) $(76,778) $(3,707) 4.8 %

Gain (Loss)Loss on Real Estate Transactions Earnout from Prior Acquisition and Impairment of Real Estate — Estate—During the ninethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, we recorded an impairment loss of $6,019 relating$6,019 related to one parcel of land held for saleimpairments in land. There were no similar expenses during the three and an additional two parcels of undeveloped land where the carrying value was greater than the fair value. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016, we recorded a gain of $9,814. This amount was comprised of a gain of $11,358 on the disposition of seven stores in April 2016, and a loss of $1,544, related to an earnout provision from the acquisition of a small portfolio of stores that were acquired in 2014.2018.

Interest Expense—The increase in interest expense during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 was2018 were primarily the result of an overall increase in interest rate and debt thisduring each period when compared to the same periodperiods in the prior year. The average interest rate on our total fixed- and variable-rate debt at June 30, 2018 was 3.4%, compared to 3.2% as of June 30, 2017. Additionally, the total face value of our debt, including our lines of credit, was $4,362,400$4,809,483 at SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 compared to $4,047,217$4,339,163 at SeptemberJune 30, 2016. Additionally, the average interest rate on the total of our fixed- and variable-rate debt at September 30, 2017 was 3.3%, compared to 3.1% as of September 30, 2016.2017.

Non-cash Interest Expense Related to Amortization of Discount on Equity Component of Exchangeable Senior Notes—Represents the amortization of the discounts related to the equity components of the exchangeable senior notes issued by our Operating Partnership. The 2013 Notes and 2015 Notes both havehad an effective interest rate of 4.0% relative to the carrying amount of the liability.

Interest Income—Interest income represents amounts earned on cash and cash equivalents deposited with financial institutions, and interest earned on notes receivable. The decrease for the threereceivable and nine months ended September 30, 2017 related primarily to the decrease in notesincome earned on note receivable when compared to the same period in the prior year. We had $28,005 of notes receivable included in assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017, compared to $67,098 as of September 30, 2016. 

Interest Income on Note Receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership Unit Holders—unit holders.Represents interest on a $100,000 loan to the holders of the Series A Participating Redeemable Preferred Units of our Operating Partnership (“Series A Units”). The decreases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are a result of an amendment signed in April 2017 that decreased the interest rate of the note receivable from 4.9% to 2.1%.



Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures—Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures represents the income earned through our ownership interests in unconsolidated joint ventures. In these joint ventures, we and our joint venture partners generally receive a preferred return on our invested capital. To the extent that cash/profits in excess of these preferred returns are generated, we receive a higher percentage of the excess cash/profits. The increase for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily the result of three of our joint ventures generating cash in excess of the preferred returns, resulting in increased distributions and equity in earnings. This increase was slightly offset by a decrease in the number of stores owned by our joint ventures as a result of transactions, including the acquisition of 40 stores from joint ventures during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures—Gain on Sale of Real Estate Assets and Purchase of Joint Venture Partners' Interests—On February 2, 2016, we acquired six stores from our VRS Self Storage LLC joint venture (“VRS”) in a step acquisition. We recorded a gain of $26,923 as a result of re-measuring to fair value our existing equity interest.

On September 16, 2016, we acquired 23 stores from our ESS PRISA II LLC joint venture ("PRISA II") in a step acquisition. We recorded a gain of $6,662 as a result of re-measuring to fair value our existing equity interest. We then sold our remaining interest in PRISA II to Prudential for $34,758 in cash. As a result of this sale, we recognized a gain of $30,846.

There were no such gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Income Tax Expense—For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the decrease in income tax expense wasrelates primarily the result of solarto a lower tax credits received during the quarter when comparedrate from 35% to 21% due to the same period in the prior year.



Net Income Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
The following table presents information on net income allocated to noncontrolling interests for the periods indicated:
 For the Three Months Ended September 30,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 
 
 2017 2016 $ Change % Change 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests:               
Net income allocated to Preferred Operating Partnership noncontrolling interests$(3,394) $(4,144) $750
 (18.1)% $(10,775) $(10,758) $(17) 0.2 %
Net income allocated to Operating Partnership and other noncontrolling interests(3,917) (4,994) 1,077
 (21.6)% (11,080) (12,191) 1,111
 (9.1)%
Total income allocated to noncontrolling interests:$(7,311) $(9,138) $1,827
 (20.0)% $(21,855) $(22,949) $1,094
 (4.8)%

Net Income Allocated to Preferred Operating Partnership Noncontrolling Interests—Income allocated to the Preferred Operating Partnership noncontrolling interests for the threeTax Cuts and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 represents the fixed distributions paid to holdersJobs Act of the Series A Units, Series B Units, Series C Units and Series D Units, plus approximately 0.6% of the remaining net income allocated to holders of the Series A Units.

Net Income Allocated to Operating Partnership and Other Noncontrolling Interests—Income allocated to the Operating Partnership represents approximately 4.0% of net income after the allocation of the fixed distribution paid to the Preferred Operating Partnership unit holders for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.2017.

FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS

Funds from Operations (“FFO”) provides relevant and meaningful information about our operating performance that is necessary, along with net income and cash flows, for an understanding of our operating results. We believe FFO is a meaningful disclosure as a supplement to net earnings. Net earnings assume that the values of real estate assets diminish predictably over time as reflected through depreciation and amortization expenses. The values of real estate assets fluctuate due to market conditions and we believe FFO more accurately reflects the value of our real estate assets. FFO is defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. (“NAREIT”) as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of operating stores and impairment write downs of depreciable real estate assets, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments to record unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures on the same basis. We believe that to further understand our performance, FFO should be considered along with the reported net income and cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements. FFO should not be considered a replacement of net income computed in accordance with GAAP.

The computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance, as an alternative to net cash flow from operating activities, as a measure of liquidity, or an indicator of our ability to make cash distributions.



The following table presents the calculation of FFO for the periods indicated:
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Net income attributable to common stockholders$93,764
 $118,088
 $263,052
 $283,724
$95,153
 $87,006
 $183,409
 $169,288
              
Adjustments:              
Real estate depreciation43,303
 39,971
 127,729
 113,795
48,107
 42,513
 95,345
 84,426
Amortization of intangibles2,316
 4,853
 11,164
 14,425
1,953
 2,687
 4,592
 8,848
Loss (gain) on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate
 
 6,019
 (9,814)
Loss on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate
 6,019
 
 6,019
Unconsolidated joint venture real estate depreciation and amortization1,429
 1,227
 4,267
 3,481
1,638
 1,475
 3,150
 2,838
Unconsolidated joint venture gain on sale of real estate and purchase of partner's interest
 (37,509) 
 (64,432)
Distributions paid on Series A Preferred Operating Partnership units(572) (1,272) (2,547) (3,814)(572) (704) (1,144) (1,975)
Income allocated to Operating Partnership noncontrolling interests7,363
 9,137
 21,928
 22,949
7,560
 7,112
 14,734
 14,565
Funds from operations attributable to common stockholders and unit holders$147,603
 $134,495
 $431,612
 $360,314
$153,839
 $146,108
 $300,086
 $284,009

SAME-STORE RESULTS

Our same-store pool for the periods presented consists of 732787 stores that are wholly-owned and operated and that were stabilized by the first day of the earliest calendar year presented. We consider a store to be stabilized once it has been open for three years or has sustained average square foot occupancy of 80% or more for one calendar year. We believe that by providing same-store results from a stabilized pool of stores, with accompanying operating metrics including, but not limited to: occupancy, rental revenue growth, operating expense growth, net operating income growth, etc., stockholders and potential


investors are able to evaluate operating performance without the effects of non-stabilized occupancy levels, rent levels, expense levels, acquisitions or completed developments.  Same-store results should not be used as a basis for future same-store performance or for the performance of our stores as a whole. The following table presents operating data for our same-store portfolio.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, Percent For the Nine Months Ended September 30, PercentFor the Three Months Ended June 30, Percent For the Six Months Ended June 30, Percent
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Same-store rental revenues$220,123
 $210,075
 4.8% $640,322
 $608,462
 5.2 %$239,792
 $230,332
 4.1% $473,877
 $452,899
 4.6%
Same-store operating expenses59,183
 57,507
 2.9% 174,661
 174,820
 (0.1)%66,021
 62,964
 4.9% 132,894
 125,511
 5.9%
Same-store net operating income$160,940
 $152,568
 5.5% $465,661
 $433,642
 7.4 %$173,771
 $167,368
 3.8% $340,983
 $327,388
 4.2%
Same-store square foot occupancy as of quarter end93.9% 92.5% 
 93.9% 92.5% 
94.2% 94.3% 
 94.2% 94.3% 
Properties included in same-store732
 732
 
 732
 732
 
787
 787
 
 787
 787
 

Same-store revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased due to gains in occupancy and higher rental rates for both new and existing customers.customers and were partially offset by increased discounts. Expenses were higher for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, primarily due to increases in property taxes, and payroll and benefits whichand marketing. Expenses were partially offset by decreases in repairs and maintenance and insurance. Expenseshigher for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 were generally flat with2018, primarily due to increases in property taxes, payroll and marketing expense offset by decreases in repairsbenefits, snow removal and maintenance and insurance.

utilities.

The following table presents a reconciliation of same-store net operating income to net income as presented on our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income$101,075
 $127,226
 $284,907
 $306,673
Adjusted to exclude:       
Loss (gain) on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate
 
 6,019
 (9,814)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures(3,990) (3,625) (11,407) (9,813)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partners interests
 (37,509) 
 (64,432)
Acquisition related costs and other1

 1,933
 
 9,124
Interest expense41,034
 34,737
 117,019
 101,371
Depreciation and amortization48,075
 46,555
 144,139
 133,402
Income tax expense3,163
 4,466
 9,154
 11,004
General and administrative (includes stock compensation)19,498
 19,537
 60,171
 63,451
Management fees, other income and interest income(11,086) (12,576) (34,440) (38,528)
Net tenant reinsurance(19,610) (18,634) (59,054) (52,591)
Non same-store revenue(28,466) (14,376) (80,556) (27,268)
Non same-store expenses11,247
 4,834
 29,709
 11,063
Total same-store NOI$160,940
 $152,568
 $465,661
 $433,642
        
Same-store rental revenues$220,123
 $210,075
 $640,322
 $608,462
Same-store operating expenses59,183
 57,507
 174,661
 174,820
Total same-store NOI$160,940
 $152,568
 $465,661
 $433,642
 For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net Income$102,713
 $94,098
 $198,143
 $183,832
Adjusted to exclude:       
Loss (gain) on real estate transactions, earnout from prior acquisition and impairment of real estate
 6,019
 
 6,019
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures(3,429) (3,838) (7,026) (7,417)
Interest expense44,523
 38,746
 86,698
 75,985
Depreciation and amortization51,892
 46,632
 103,641
 96,064
Income tax expense2,097
 2,867
 3,439
 5,991
General and administrative21,651
 21,865
 43,115
 40,673
Management fees, other income and interest income(11,352) (12,379) (23,355) (23,354)
Net Tenant Insurance(23,050) (20,509) (44,477) (39,444)
Non Same Store Revenue(18,336) (10,464) (32,137) (19,390)
Non Same Store Expense7,062
 4,331
 12,942
 8,429
Total Same Store NOI$173,771
 $167,368
 $340,983
 $327,388
        
Same-store rental revenues$239,792
 $230,332
 $473,877
 $452,899
Same-store operating expenses66,021
 62,964
 132,894
 125,511
Same-store net operating income$173,771
 $167,368
 $340,983
 $327,388
(1)Beginning January 1, 2017, acquisition related costs have been capitalized due to a change in accounting literature.

CASH FLOWS

Cash flows provided by operating activities were $449,629$339,742 and $386,159,$289,049, respectively, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016. The increase was2017. Cash flows from operating activities were higher primarily due to a non-cash gain onan increase of $25,978 in the purchase of joint venture partners’ interests of $64,432 recorded duringchange in accounts payable and accrued expenses when compared with the ninesix months ended September 30, 2016. This gain was related to the two step acquisitions of stores that were previously owned by our VRS and PRISA II joint ventures and the sale of our remaining interest in PRISA II. Additionally, there was a non-cash loss taken related to real estate and land impairments of $6,019 during the nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017. There waswere also an increaseincreases of $14,836 in depreciationthe change in other liabilities and amortization expense of $10,737$14,311 in net income when compared withto the same period in the prior year.



Cash used in investing activities was $87,744$229,095 and $704,310,$46,154, respectively, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to a decreasean increase in cash paid for the acquisition of real estate assets of $644,206.$165,502. We purchased nine22 stores during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, compared to 72five stores purchased during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. An additional $32,082 of cash was paid for the investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures for the six months ended June 30, 2018 when compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. Additionally, we received $19,643 more in principal payments on notes receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2017, than during the six months ended June 30, 2018. These increases in cash used in investing activities were offset by an increase of $47,363 in cash received as a return of investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures.

Cash used in financing activities was $342,011$127,585 and 252,225 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $261,044 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.respectively. The change related primarily to an increasecash paid for the repurchase of our 2013 exchangeable senior notes of $58,469. This was offset by a decrease in principal payments on notes payable and revolving lines of credit of $454,603 as well as in increase in the dividend paid of $25,124$199,427 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 when compared to the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 we received net proceeds from the sale of common stock of $123,423 and no similar proceeds were received during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.



LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $63,732$49,194 available in cash and cash equivalents. We are required to distribute at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders on an annual basis to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

Our cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third party financial institutions and consist of invested cash and cash in our operating accounts. During 20162018 and the first nine months of 2017, we experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash or cash equivalents; however, there can be no assurance that access to our cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets.

The following table presents information on our lines of credit for the period presented. All of our lines of credit are guaranteed by us.
 As of September 30, 2017      
Revolving Lines of CreditAmount Drawn Capacity Interest Rate Origination Date Maturity 
Basis Rate (1)
Credit Line 1 (2)
$25,000
 $100,000
 2.9% 6/4/2010 6/30/2018 LIBOR plus 1.7%
Credit Line 2 (3)(4)

 500,000
 2.6% 10/14/2016 10/14/2020 LIBOR plus 1.4%
 $25,000
 $600,000
        

(1)
30-day USD LIBOR
(2)
Secured by mortgages on certain real estate assets. One two-year extension available.
(3)
Unsecured. Two six-month extensions available.
(4)
Basis rate as of September 30, 2017. Rate is subject to change based on a quarterly assessment of our consolidated leverage ratio.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $4,362,400$4,809,483 face value of debt, resulting in a debt to total enterprise value ratio of 28.9%26.4%. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the ratio of total fixed-rate debt and other instruments to total debt was 80.8%72.8% (including $2,382,873$2,385,098 on which we have interest rate swaps that have been included as fixed-rate debt). The weighted average interest rate of the total of fixed- and variable-rate debt at SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 was 3.3%3.4%. Certain of our real estate assets are pledged as collateral for our debt. We are subject to certain restrictive covenants relating to our outstanding debt. We were in compliance with all financial covenants at SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018.

We expect to fund our short-term liquidity requirements, including operating expenses, recurring capital expenditures, dividends to stockholders, distributions to holders of Operating Partnership units and interest on our outstanding indebtedness, out of our operating cash flow, cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving lines of credit, including undrawn portions of our unsecured facility. In addition, we are pursuing additional sources of financing based on anticipated funding needs.

On June 29, 2017 the Company's Operating Partnership entered an agreement for the private placement of $300 million of
10-year 3.95% senior notes. The notes were issued on August 24, 2017. The net proceeds have been used to refinance existing indebtedness and for general corporate purposes.

Our liquidity needs consist primarily of cash distributions to stockholders, store acquisitions, principal payments under our borrowings and non-recurring capital expenditures. We may from time to time seek to repurchase our outstanding debt, shares of common stock or other securities in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. In addition, we evaluate, on an ongoing basis, the merits of strategic acquisitions and other relationships, which may require us to raise additional funds. We do not expect that our operating cash flow or cash balances will be sufficient to fund our liquidity needs and instead expect to fund such needs out of additional borrowings of secured or unsecured indebtedness, joint ventures with third parties, and from the proceeds of public and private offerings of equity and debt. Additional capital may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. Any additional issuance of equity or equity-linked securities may result in dilution to our stockholders. In addition, any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to holders of our


common stock. We may also use Operating Partnership units as currency to fund acquisitions from self-storage owners who desire tax-deferral in their exiting transactions.owners.


OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Except as disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements of our most recently filed Annual Report on
Form 10-K, we do not currently have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purposes entities, which typically are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Further, except as disclosed in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, we have not guaranteed any obligations of unconsolidated entities, nor do we have any commitments or intent to provide funding to any such entities. Accordingly, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships.

FINANCING STRATEGY

We will continue to employ leverage in our capital structure in amounts reviewed from time to time by our board of directors. Although our board of directors has not adopted a policy that limits the total amount of indebtedness that we may incur, we will consider a number of factors in evaluating our level of indebtedness from time to time, as well as the amount of such indebtedness that will be either fixed- or variable-rate. In making financing decisions, we will consider factors including but not limited to:
the interest rate of the proposed financing;
the extent to which the financing impacts flexibility in managing our stores;
prepayment penalties and restrictions on refinancing;
the purchase price of stores acquired with debt financing;
long-term objectives with respect to the financing;
target investment returns;
the ability of particular stores, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow sufficient to cover expected debt service payments;
overall level of consolidated indebtedness;
timing of debt and lease maturities;
provisions that require recourse and cross-collateralization;
corporate credit ratios including debt service coverage, debt to total capitalization and debt to undepreciated assets; and
the overall ratio of fixed- and variable-rate debt.

Our indebtedness may be recourse, non-recourse or cross-collateralized. If the indebtedness is non-recourse, the collateral will be limited to the particular stores to which the indebtedness relates. In addition, we may invest in stores subject to existing loans collateralized by mortgages or similar liens on our stores, or we may refinance stores acquired on a leveraged basis. We may use the proceeds from any borrowings to refinance existing indebtedness, to refinance investments, including the redevelopment of existing stores, for general working capital or to purchase additional interests in partnerships or joint ventures or for other purposes when we believe it is advisable.

Typically, we invest in or form consolidated special purpose entities to assist us in obtaining secured permanent financing at attractive terms. Permanent financing may be structured as a mortgage loan on a single property, or on a group of properties, and generally requires us to provide a mortgage lien on the store or stores in favor of an institutional third party, as a joint venture with a third party, or as a securitized financing. For securitized financings, we create special purpose entities to own the stores. These special purpose entities, which are common in the real estate industry, are structured so that they would not be consolidated in a bankruptcy proceeding involving a parent company. We decide upon the structure of the financing based upon the best terms then available to us and whether the proposed financing is consistent with our other business objectives. For accounting purposes, we include the outstanding securitized debt of special purpose entities owning consolidated stores as part of our consolidated indebtedness.



We may from time to time seek to retire or repurchase our outstanding debt, as well as shares of common stock or other securities in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.

SEASONALITY

The self-storage business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. A greater portion of revenues and profits are realized from May through September. Historically, our highest level of occupancy has been at the end of July, while our lowest level of occupancy has been in late February and early March. Results for any quarter may not be indicative of the results that may be achieved for the full fiscal year.

ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated

Market Risk
Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Our future income, cash flows and fair values of financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $4,362,400$4.8 billion in total face value of debt, of which $837,194$1.3 billion was subject to variable interest rates (excluding debt with interest rate swaps). If LIBOR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the increase or decrease in interest expense on the variable-rate debt would increase or decrease future earnings and cash flows by $8,372$13.1 million annually.
Interest rate risk amounts were determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. These analyses do not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur. Further, in the event of a change of that magnitude, we may take actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, these analyses assume no changes in our financial structure.

The fair values of our fixed-rate assets and liabilities were as follows for the periods indicated:
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Value
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Value
Notes receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holders$114,506
 $120,230
 $125,642
 $120,230
Fixed rate notes receivable$21,285
 $20,608
 $53,450
 $52,201
Fixed rate notes payable and notes payable to trusts$2,882,709
 $2,900,822
 $2,404,996
 $2,417,558
Exchangeable senior notes$702,118
 $624,384
 $706,827
 $638,170

The fair value of our note receivable from Preferred Operating Partnership unit holders and other notes receivable was based on the discounted estimated future cash flows of the note (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rate used approximated the current market rate for loans with similar maturities and credit quality. The fair values of our fixed-rate notes payable and notes payable to trusts were estimated using the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rates used approximated current market rates for loans, or groups of loans, with similar maturities and credit quality. The fair value of our exchangeable senior notes was estimated using an average market price for similar securities obtained from a third party.



ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(1)Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide a reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

We have a disclosure committee that is responsible for considering the materiality of information and determining our disclosure obligations on a timely basis. The disclosure committee meets quarterly and reports directly to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(2)Changes in internal control over financial reporting



There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) that occurred during our most recent quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.



PART II.     OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in various legal proceedings and are subject to various claims and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the outcome of these matters cannot presently be determined with any degree of certainty. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, management establishes an accrued liability for litigation when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. The estimated loss, if any, is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. We could in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any particular period, notwithstanding the fact that we are currently vigorously defending any legal proceedings against us.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in the “Risk Factors” section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On August 4, 2017,April 11, 2018, our Operating Partnership issued 25,52021,768 common OP Units in connection with the acquisition of one store in Florida.Virginia. The store was acquired in exchange for the OP Units, valued at $2.0$1.9 million, and approximately $7.1$14.5 million of cash.

The terms of the common OP Units are governed by the Operating Partnership's Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership. The common OP Units will be redeemable at the option of the holders on the first anniversary of the date of issuance, which redemption obligation may be satisfied, at our option, in cash or shares of our common stock.

The common OP Units were issued to accredited investors in private placements in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION

None.



ITEM 6.EXHIBITS
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
101The following materials from Extra Space Storage Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, are formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (1) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (2) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (3) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (4) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Noncontrolling Interests and Equity, (5) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (6) notes to these financial statements.


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
  Registrant
   
Date: November 3, 2017August 9, 2018 /s/ Joseph D. Margolis
  Joseph D. Margolis
  
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
   
Date: November 3, 2017August 9, 2018 /s/ P. Scott Stubbs
  P. Scott Stubbs
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer)


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