UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

~~FORM 10-Q~~

FORM 10-Q



x☒	Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019



¨☐	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-36777

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD.

~~(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)~~

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Bermuda		98-0585280
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Wellesley House, 2nd Floor, 90 Pitts Bay Road, PembrokeHM08, Bermuda

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(441) 278-4580

~~(441) 278-4580~~

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Names of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, par value $0.0002 per share	JRVR		NASDAQ	Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filerx	x	Accelerated filero	☐	Non-accelerated filer o	☐	Smaller reporting companyo	☐	Emerging ~~Growth Company~~ ogrowth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨☐ No x

Number of shares of the registrant's common shares outstanding at ~~August 1, 2018: 29,928,137~~

July 31, 2019: 30,376,675

James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

Form 10-Q

Index



		Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets—June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive ~~(Loss)~~ Income—Three and Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	7

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity—Three and Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	8

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~	9

	~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~2018	10

	~~Item 2.~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3031

	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	3031

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	51
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	51
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	51
Item 5.	Other Information	51
Item 6.	Exhibits	52

Signatures		53

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements may be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You may identify forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report by the use of words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans”, “seeks” and “believes,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may” and “could.” These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements relating to our future financial performance, our business prospects and strategy, anticipated financial position, liquidity and capital needs and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict.

Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report as a result of various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, among others:

the inherent uncertainty of estimating reserves and the possibility that incurred losses may be greater than our loss and loss adjustment expense reserves;

inaccurate estimates and judgments in our risk management may expose us to greater risks than intended;

the potential loss of key members of our management team or key employees and our ability to attract and retain personnel;

adverse economic factors resulting in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in the frequency or severity of claims, or both;

a decline in our financial strength rating resulting in a reduction of new or renewal business;

reliance on a select group of brokers and agents for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships;

reliance on a select group of customers for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships;

losses resulting from reinsurance counterparties failing to pay us on reinsurance claims, insurance companies with whom we have a fronting arrangement failing to pay us for claims, or an insured group of companies with whom we have an indemnification arrangement failing to perform their reimbursement obligations;

changes in laws or government regulation, including tax or insurance law and regulations;

the ~~recently enacted~~ongoing effect of Public Law No. 115-97, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which may have a significant effect on us including, among other things, by potentially increasing our tax rate, as well as on our shareholders;

in the event we do not qualify for the insurance company exception to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules and are therefore considered a PFIC, there could be material adverse tax consequences to an investor that is subject to U.S. federal income taxation;

the Company or any of its foreign subsidiaries becoming subject to U.S. federal income taxation;

a failure of any of the loss limitations or exclusions we utilize to shield us from unanticipated financial losses or legal exposures, or other liabilities;

~~losses from catastrophic events which substantially exceed our expectations and/or exceed the amount of reinsurance we have purchased to protect us from such events;~~


•	losses from catastrophic events which substantially exceed our expectations and/or exceed the amount of reinsurance we have purchased to protect us from such events;

potential effects on our business of emerging claim and coverage issues;

exposure to credit risk, interest rate risk and other market risk in our investment portfolio;

our ability to obtain reinsurance coverage at prices and on terms that allow us to transfer risk and adequately protect our company against financial loss;

~~losses resulting from reinsurance counterparties failing to pay us on reinsurance claims or insurance companies with whom we have a fronting arrangement failing to pay us for claims;~~

the potential impact of internal or external fraud, operational errors, systems malfunctions or cyber security incidents;

our ability to manage our growth effectively;

inadequacy of premiums we charge to compensate us for our losses incurred;

~~failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); and~~


•	failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); and

changes in our financial condition, regulations or other factors that may restrict our subsidiaries’ ability to pay us dividends.

Additional information about these risks and uncertainties, as well as others that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, is contained in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on ~~March 1, 2018.~~

February 27, 2019.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. Except as expressly required under federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not have any obligation, and do not undertake, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date of this Quarterly Report, whether as a result of new information or future events or otherwise. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by us, or on our behalf. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

Table of Contents

PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


	(Unaudited) June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		(Unaudited) June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Assets
Invested assets:
Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2018 – $1,039,778; 2017 – $1,008,662)	$	1,021,387	$	1,016,098
Trading, at fair value (amortized cost: 2018 – $0; 2017 – $3,801)	—		3,808
Equity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (cost: 2018 – $77,995; 2017 – $75,318)	84,009		82,522
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2019 – $1,302,946; 2018 – $1,199,409)					$	1,332,042	$	1,184,202
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2019 – $80,846; 2018 – $77,152)					87,528		78,385
Bank loan participations held-for-investment, at amortized cost, net of allowance	253,689		238,214		251,472		260,972
Short-term investments	25,140		36,804		24,463		81,966
Other invested assets	76,813		70,208		70,419		72,321
Total invested assets	1,461,038		1,447,654		1,765,924		1,677,846

Cash and cash equivalents	267,367		163,495		169,125		172,457
Accrued investment income	9,502		8,381		13,073		11,110
Premiums receivable and agents’ balances, net	341,391		352,436		398,514		307,899
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	375,535		302,524		545,404		467,371
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses	13,365		11,292		39,777		18,344
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	101,182		91,979		143,172		112,498
Deferred policy acquisition costs	65,462		72,365		58,294		54,450
Intangible assets, net	38,036		38,334		37,239		37,537
Goodwill	181,831		181,831		181,831		181,831
Other assets	82,667		86,404		98,754		95,433
Total assets	$	2,937,376	$	2,756,695	$	3,451,107	$	3,136,776

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)


	(Unaudited) June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017		(Unaudited) June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(in thousands, except share amounts)					(in thousands, except share amounts)
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	1,468,353		$	1,292,349	$	1,783,334	$	1,661,459
Unearned premiums	417,771			418,114		474,430		386,473
Payables to reinsurers	69,812			56,268		104,882		61,662
Senior debt	98,300			98,300		98,300		118,300
Junior subordinated debt	104,055			104,055		104,055		104,055
Accrued expenses	40,342			39,295		52,846		51,792
Other liabilities	49,500			53,615		42,210		43,794
Total liabilities	2,248,133			2,061,996		2,660,057		2,427,535
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders’ equity:
Common Shares – 2018 and 2017: $0.0002 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 29,917,821 and 29,696,682 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	6			6
Preferred Shares – 2018 and 2017: $0.00125 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common Shares – 2019 and 2018: $0.0002 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 30,330,675 and 29,988,460 shares issued and outstanding, respectively						6		6
Preferred Shares – 2019 and 2018: $0.00125 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding						—		—
Additional paid-in capital	641,290			636,149		653,151		645,310
Retained earnings	66,677			48,198		112,729		79,753
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(18,730		)	10,346
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						25,164		(15,828		)
Total shareholders’ equity	689,243			694,699		791,050		709,241
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,937,376		$	2,756,695	$	3,451,107	$	3,136,776

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive ~~(Loss)~~ Income (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands, except share amounts)												(in thousands, except share amounts)
Revenues
Gross written premiums	$	293,378		$	281,475		$	591,494		$	505,654		$	380,003		$	293,378		$	707,337		$	591,494
Ceded written premiums	(104,772		)	(73,651		)	(191,910		)	(139,920		)	(140,093		)	(104,772		)	(259,686		)	(191,910		)
Net written premiums	188,606			207,824			399,584			365,734			239,910			188,606			447,651			399,584
Change in net unearned premiums	19,604			(23,747		)	9,568			(26,970		)	(40,796		)	19,604			(58,385		)	9,568
Net earned premiums	208,210			184,077			409,152			338,764			199,114			208,210			389,266			409,152
Net investment income	16,135			13,714			29,391			30,447			17,535			16,135			36,966			29,391
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments	(64		)	307			(874		)	1,354
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments													1,063			(64		)	2,688			(874		)
Other income	3,760			4,296			8,716			8,231			2,662			3,760			5,581			8,716
Total revenues	228,041			202,394			446,385			378,796			220,374			228,041			434,501			446,385
Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	154,595			131,084			298,367			236,453			147,053			154,595			286,980			298,367
Other operating expenses	51,751			53,036			106,534			101,929			44,843			51,751			90,595			106,534
Other expenses	93			346			97			232			683			93			683			97
Interest expense	2,946			2,224			5,468			4,347			2,684			2,946			5,492			5,468
Amortization of intangible assets	149			149			298			298			149			149			298			298
Total expenses	209,534			186,839			410,764			343,259			195,412			209,534			384,048			410,764
Income before taxes	18,507			15,555			35,621			35,537			24,962			18,507			50,453			35,621
Income tax expense	1,523			1,014			3,004			2,546			4,655			1,523			7,418			3,004
Net income	16,984			14,541			32,617			32,991			20,307			16,984			43,035			32,617
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized (losses) gains, net of taxes of $(183) and $(727) in 2018 and $1,157 and $2,671 in 2017	(6,558		)	6,708			(25,105		)	10,742
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gains (losses), net of taxes of $1,865 and $3,311 in 2019 and $(183) and $(727) in 2018													20,732			(6,558		)	40,992			(25,105		)
Total comprehensive income	$	10,426		$	21,249		$	7,512		$	43,733		$	41,039		$	10,426		$	84,027		$	7,512
Per share data:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.57		$	0.49		$	1.09		$	1.12		$	0.67		$	0.57		$	1.43		$	1.09
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.56		$	0.48		$	1.08		$	1.09		$	0.66		$	0.56		$	1.41		$	1.08
Dividend declared per share	$	0.30		$	0.30		$	0.60		$	0.60		$	0.30		$	0.30		$	0.60		$	0.60
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	29,882,988			29,406,877			29,823,982			29,348,557			30,246,420			29,882,988			30,153,426			29,823,982
Diluted	30,293,933			30,307,099			30,243,946			30,317,585			30,689,074			30,293,933			30,581,205			30,243,946

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)


	Number of Common Shares Outstanding	Class A Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total			Number of Common Shares Outstanding	Common Shares (Par)		Preferred Shares		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total
	(in thousands, except share amounts)															(in thousands, except share amounts)
Balances at December 31, 2016	29,257,566	$	6	$	636,856		$	55,232		$	1,127		$	693,221
Balances at March 31, 2019																30,162,045	$	6	$	—	$	648,242		$	101,617		$	4,432		$	754,297
Net income	—	—		—			32,991			—			32,991			—	—		—		—			20,307			—			20,307
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—			—			10,742			10,742			—	—		—		—			—			20,732			20,732
Dividends	—	—		—			(17,728		)	—			(17,728		)	—	—		—		—			(9,195		)	—			(9,195		)
Exercise of stock options	185,159	—		(2,458		)	—			—			(2,458		)	166,963	—		—		3,099			—			—			3,099
Vesting of RSUs	24,922	—		(627		)	—			—			(627		)	1,667	—		—		—			—			—			—
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		3,578			—			—			3,578			—	—		—		1,810			—			—			1,810
Balances at June 30, 2017	29,467,647	$	6	$	637,349		$	70,495		$	11,869		$	719,719
Balances at December 31, 2017	29,696,682	$	6	$	636,149		$	48,198		$	10,346		$	694,699
Balances at June 30, 2019																30,330,675	$	6	$	—	$	653,151		$	112,729		$	25,164		$	791,050

Balances at December 31, 2018																29,988,460	$	6	$	—	$	645,310		$	79,753		$	(15,828	)	$	709,241
Net income	—	—		—			32,617			—			32,617			—	—		—		—			43,035			—			43,035
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			—			(25,105		)	(25,105		)
Other comprehensive income																—	—		—		—			—			40,992			40,992
Dividends	—	—		—			(18,109		)	—			(18,109		)	—	—		—		—			(18,339		)	—			(18,339		)
Exercise of stock options	177,835	—		2,803			—			—			2,803			265,938	—		—		5,731			—			—			5,731
Vesting of RSUs	43,304	—		(777		)	—			—			(777		)	76,277	—		—		(1,374		)	—			—			(1,374		)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		3,115			—			—			3,115			—	—		—		3,484			—			—			3,484
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, net of taxes	—	—		—			4,682			(4,682		)	—
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU No. 2018-02	—	—		—			(711		)	711			—
Balances at June 30, 2018	29,917,821	$	6	$	641,290		$	66,677		$	(18,730	)	$	689,243
Adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, derecognition of build-to-suit lease, (see Note 1)																—	—		—		—			8,280			—			8,280
Balances at June 30, 2019																30,330,675	$	6	$	—	$	653,151		$	112,729		$	25,164		$	791,050

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)



	Number of Common Shares Outstanding	Common Shares (Par)		Preferred Shares		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total
	(in thousands, except share amounts)
Balances at March 31, 2018	29,866,705	$	6	$	—	$	639,183		$	58,753		$	(12,172	)	$	685,770
Net income	—	—		—		—			16,984			—			16,984
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—			—			(6,558		)	(6,558		)
Dividends	—	—		—		—			(9,060		)	—			(9,060		)
Exercise of stock options	50,639	—		—		448			—			—			448
Vesting of RSUs	477	—		—		(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		—		1,660			—			—			1,660
Balances at June 30, 2018	29,917,821	$	6	$	—	$	641,290		$	66,677		$	(18,730	)	$	689,243

Balances at December 31, 2017	29,696,682	$	6	$	—	$	636,149		$	48,198		$	10,346		$	694,699
Net income	—	—		—		—			32,617			—			32,617
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—			—			(25,105		)	(25,105		)
Dividends	—	—		—		—			(18,109		)	—			(18,109		)
Exercise of stock options	177,835	—		—		2,803			—			—			2,803
Vesting of RSUs	43,304	—		—		(777		)	—			—			(777		)
Compensation expense under share incentive plans	—	—		—		3,115			—			—			3,115
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, net of taxes	—	—				—			4,682			(4,682		)	—
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU No. 2018-02	—	—		—		—			(711		)	711			—
Balances at June 30, 2018	29,917,821	$	6	$	—	$	641,290		$	66,677		$	(18,730	)	$	689,243

See accompanying notes.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	164,086		$	65,326		$	68,123		$	164,086
Investing activities
Securities available-for-sale:
Purchases – fixed maturity securities	(178,600		)	(196,208		)	(260,853		)	(178,600		)
Sales – fixed maturity securities	65,275			33,723			91,537			65,275
Maturities and calls – fixed maturity securities	81,138			128,640			64,905			81,138
Purchases – equity securities	(5,949		)	—			(3,977		)	(5,949		)
Sales – equity securities	3,179			409			263			3,179
Bank loan participations:
Purchases	(121,285		)	(144,172		)	(46,327		)	(121,285		)
Sales	77,933			79,959			27,920			77,933
Maturities	28,053			28,638			25,565			28,053
Other invested assets:
Purchases	(6,993		)	(6,322		)	—			(6,993		)
Return of capital	308			—			1,266			308
Redemptions							3,000			—
Short-term investments, net	11,664			9,496			57,503			11,664
Securities receivable or payable, net	2,015			1,205			1,925			2,015
Purchases of property and equipment	(470		)	(1,426		)	(197		)	(470		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(43,732		)	(66,058		)	(37,470		)	(43,732		)
Financing activities
Senior debt repayment							(20,000		)	—
Dividends paid	(18,042		)	(17,729		)	(18,342		)	(18,042		)
Issuance of common shares under equity incentive plans	3,900			868			6,493			3,900
Common share repurchases	(1,874		)	(3,953		)	(2,136		)	(1,874		)
Other financing activities	(466		)	(467		)	—			(466		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(16,482		)	(21,281		)	(33,985		)	(16,482		)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	103,872			(22,013		)	(3,332		)	103,872
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	163,495			109,784			172,457			163,495
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	267,367		$	87,771		$	169,125		$	267,367
Supplemental information
Interest paid	$	5,368		$	4,329		$	6,499		$	5,368

See accompanying notes.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Accounting Policies

Organization

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (referred to as “JRG Holdings” or, with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is an exempted holding company registered in Bermuda, organized for the purpose of acquiring and managing insurance and reinsurance entities.

The Company owns ~~six~~five insurance companies based in the United States (“U.S.”) focused on specialty insurance niches and two Bermuda-based reinsurance companies as described below:

James River Group Holdings UK Limited (“James River UK”) is an insurance holding company formed in 2015 in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). JRG Holdings contributed James River Group, Inc. (“James River Group”), a U.S. insurance holding company, to James River UK in 2015.

James River Group is a Delaware domiciled insurance holding company formed in 2002 which owns all of the Company’s U.S.-based subsidiaries, either directly or indirectly through one of its wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries. James River Group oversees the Company’s U.S. insurance operations and maintains all of the outstanding debt in the U.S.

James River Insurance Company is an Ohio domiciled excess and surplus lines insurance company that, with its wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, James River Casualty Company, is authorized to write business in every state and the District of Columbia.

Falls Lake National Insurance Company (“Falls Lake National”) is an Ohio domiciled insurance company which wholly owns Stonewood Insurance Company (“Stonewood Insurance”), a North Carolina domiciled company, ~~Falls Lake General Insurance Company, an Ohio domiciled company,~~ and Falls Lake Fire and Casualty Company, a California domiciled company. Falls Lake National ~~began writing~~and its subsidiaries primarily write specialty admitted fronting and program business ~~in late 2013. Falls Lake Fire~~ and ~~Casualty began operations in 2016.~~individual risk workers' compensation insurance.

JRG Reinsurance Company Ltd. (“JRG Re”) was formed in 2007 and commenced operations in 2008. JRG Re, a Bermuda domiciled reinsurer, primarily provides non-catastrophe casualty reinsurance to U.S. third ~~parties.~~parties and, through December 31, 2017, to the Company’s U.S.-based insurance subsidiaries.

Carolina Re Ltd (“Carolina Re”) was formed in 2018 and as of January 1, 2018 provides reinsurance to the Company’s U.S.-based insurance subsidiaries. Carolina Re is ~~a party to~~also the cedent on a stop loss reinsurance treaty with JRG Re.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and do not contain all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its subsidiaries from their respective dates of inception or acquisition, as applicable. Readers are urged to review the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 for a more complete description of the Company’s business and accounting policies. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consist only of normal recurring items. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the full year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 was derived from the Company’s audited annual consolidated financial statements.

Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Estimates and Assumptions

Preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Those estimates are inherently subject to change, and actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates.

Variable Interest Entities

Entities that do not have sufficient equity at risk to allow the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support or in which the equity investors, as a group, do not have the characteristic of a controlling financial interest are referred to as variable interest entities (“VIE”). A VIE is consolidated by the variable interest holder that is determined to have the controlling financial interest (primary beneficiary) as a result of having both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of an entity subject to consolidation based on a qualitative assessment of the VIE’s capital structure, contractual terms, nature of the VIE’s operations

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

and purpose, and the Company’s relative exposure to the related risks of the VIE on the date it becomes initially involved in the VIE. The Company reassesses its VIE determination with respect to an entity on an ongoing basis.

The Company holds interests in VIEs through certain equity method investments included in “other invested assets” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has determined that it should not consolidate any of the VIEs as it is not the primary beneficiary in any of the relationships. Although the investments resulted in the Company holding variable interests in the entities, they did not empower the Company to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities. The Company’s investments related to these VIEs totaled ~~$32.2~~$30.4 million and ~~$32.1~~$29.8 million as of June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, representing the Company’s maximum exposure to loss.

Income Tax Expense

~~Financial results reflect provisional amounts~~ The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were elevated due to changes in reserve estimates between accident years in the commercial auto business, and the related ~~to the December 2017 enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the~~ “~~Tax Act~~”~~). These provisional estimates are based~~impact on the ~~Company’s initial analysis and current interpretation~~mix of the legislation. Given the complexity of the legislation, anticipated guidance from the U.S. Treasury, and the potential for additional guidance from the SEC or the Financial Accounting Standards Board (~~“FASB”), these estimates may be adjusted during 2018.~~income reported by country.

~~Adopted Accounting Standards~~

~~Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)~~. The guidance applies to all companies that either enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enter into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards, such as insurance contracts. Under this guidance, a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Judgments required in adopting this update may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 had no impact on reported fee income and there was no cumulative effect of initially applying the update.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU ~~2016-01,~~ ~~Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities~~. Among other things, this ASU requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Upon adoption on January 1, 2018, the Company made a $4.7 million cumulative-effect adjustment to increase retained earnings and reduce accumulated other comprehensive income. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not materially impact the Company's financial position, cash flows, or total comprehensive income. The Company's results of operations were impacted as changes in fair value of equity instruments are now presented in net income rather than other comprehensive (loss) income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the respective impact on net income was an increase of $451,000 ($0.02 and $0.01 increase in basic and diluted earnings per share, respectively) and a reduction of $922,000 ($0.03 reduction in basic and diluted earnings per share).

~~Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU~~ 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This update was issued as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ~~on December 22, 2017.~~of 2017 ("TCJA"). The ASU allows for the option to reclassify the stranded tax effects resulting from the implementation of the ~~Tax Act~~TCJA out of accumulated other comprehensive income and into retained earnings. As the adoption of ASU 2016-01 in 2018 resulted in the reclassification of the entire unrealized balance on equity securities from accumulated other comprehensive income into retained earnings, only the stranded tax effects on the unrealized balances of fixed income securities were impacted by the adoption of ASU 2018-02. The reclassification resulted in a $711,000 decrease to the Company's retained earnings with a corresponding increase to accumulated other comprehensive income in the first quarter of ~~2018.~~2018 in connection with the Company's adoption of this ASU.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

~~Prospective~~Adopted Accounting Standards

~~In February 2016,~~Effective January 1, 2019, the ~~FASB issued~~Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ~~Under current guidance for lessees, leases are only included on the balance sheet if certain criteria, classifying the agreement as a capital lease, are met.~~ This update ~~will require~~requires the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, discounted to the present value, for all leases that extend beyond 12 months. ~~This ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Upon adoption, leases will be recognized and measured~~The Company adopted the new standard using a modified retrospective transition method, applying the transition provisions at the beginning of the ~~earliest~~ period ~~presented using a modified retrospective approach.~~of adoption. The Company ~~is currently evaluating ASU 2016-02~~elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard and did not elect to ~~determine~~use hindsight in determining the ~~potential~~lease term. Upon adoption of the new standard, the Company derecognized assets of $22.6 million and liabilities of $30.9 million associated with a lease that was designated as build-to-suit under the previous guidance, and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $8.3 million.

The Company recorded right-of-use assets of $17.2 million and lease liabilities of $17.8 million at adoption of the new standard associated with operating leases for office space in Bermuda, North Carolina, Virginia, Arizona, and Georgia. The new standard did not materially impact ~~that adopting this standard will have~~the Company's results of operations, earnings per share, or cash flows, and did not impact compliance under the covenants of our current credit agreements.

At June 30, 2019, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were $16.9 million and $17.8 million, respectively. Operating lease costs were $1.2 million and $2.5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $1.1 million and $2.2 million in the respective prior year periods. The weighted-average discount rate and weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 4.3% and 5.7 years, respectively, as of June 30, 2019.

The table below summarizes maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2019, which reconciles to total lease liabilities included in other liabilities on ~~its financial statements.~~the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)



Years ending December 31,	(in thousands)
2019	$	1,864
2020	3,680
2021	3,491
2022	3,293
2023	3,099
Thereafter	4,706
Total lease payments	20,133
Less imputed interest	(2,347		)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	17,786

Prospective Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Current GAAP ~~delays~~requires the recognition of credit losses ~~until~~when it is probable a loss has been incurred. The update will require financial assets measured at amortized cost, such as bank loan participations held for investment, to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by means of an allowance for credit losses that ~~runs through~~is reflected in net income. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, with the amount of the allowance limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. This ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Upon adoption, this ASU will be applied using the modified-retrospective approach, by which a cumulative-effect adjustment will be made to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period presented. The Company ~~has not yet completed~~is in the ~~analysis~~process of analyzing how adopting this ASU will affect the Company’s financial statements.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Investments

The Company’s available-for-sale ~~investments~~fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows:



	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2019
Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	$	130,215	$	8,041	$	(6	)	$	138,250
Residential mortgage-backed	249,452		2,212		(1,906		)	249,758
Corporate	590,233		16,672		(631		)	606,274
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	216,771		3,808		(503		)	220,076
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	114,250		1,454		(71		)	115,633
Redeemable preferred stock	2,025		26		—			2,051
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,302,946	$	32,213	$	(3,117	)	$	1,332,042
December 31, 2018
Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	$	147,160	$	3,422	$	(1,287	)	$	149,295
Residential mortgage-backed	208,869		577		(5,337		)	204,109
Corporate	534,024		1,516		(10,772		)	524,768
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	199,528		310		(2,813		)	197,025
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	107,803		235		(845		)	107,193
Redeemable preferred stock	2,025		—		(213		)	1,812
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,199,409	$	6,060	$	(21,267	)	$	1,184,202

Cost or
Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
(in thousands)
June 30, 2018

Fixed maturity securities:

State and municipal $ 137,055
$ 3,590
$ (2,272 ) $ 138,373
Residential mortgage-backed 190,574
445
(6,268 ) 184,751
Corporate 439,993
1,655
(11,303 ) 430,345
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 177,286
85
(2,929 ) 174,442
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 5,702
—
(13 ) 5,689
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 87,143
26
(1,372 ) 85,797
Redeemable preferred stock 2,025
—
(35 ) 1,990
Total fixed maturity securities 1,039,778

5,801

(24,192 )
1,021,387
Equity securities 77,995
6,675
(661 ) 84,009
Total investments available-for-sale $ 1,117,773

$ 12,476

$ (24,853 )
$ 1,105,396
December 31, 2017

Fixed maturity securities:

State and municipal $ 139,382
$ 5,587
$ (603 ) $ 144,366
Residential mortgage-backed 160,379
723
(2,441 ) 158,661
Corporate 408,857
7,503
(2,639 ) 413,721
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 182,595
714
(698 ) 182,611
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 35,948
—
(101 ) 35,847
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 79,476
37
(639 ) 78,874
Redeemable preferred stock 2,025
—
(7 ) 2,018
Total fixed maturity securities 1,008,662

14,564

(7,128 )
1,016,098
Equity securities 75,318
7,830
(626 ) 82,522
Total investments available-for-sale $ 1,083,980

$ 22,394

$ (7,754 )
$ 1,098,620

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are summarized, by contractual maturity, as follows:


	Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
One year or less	$	40,895	$	40,760	$	46,982	$	47,016
After one year through five years	317,761		312,999		481,646		490,856
After five years through ten years	193,545		187,368		210,431		218,335
After ten years	117,692		119,077		95,639		103,950
Residential mortgage-backed	190,574		184,751		249,452		249,758
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	177,286		174,442		216,771		220,076
Redeemable preferred stock	2,025		1,990		2,025		2,051
Total	$	1,039,778	$	1,021,387	$	1,302,946	$	1,332,042

Actual maturities may differ for some securities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table shows the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:



	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2019
Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	$	170	$	—		$	2,317	$	(6	)	$	2,487	$	(6	)
Residential mortgage-backed	8,983		(32		)	109,153		(1,874		)	118,136		(1,906		)
Corporate	3,988		(6		)	67,981		(625		)	71,969		(631		)
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	21,557		(81		)	47,797		(422		)	69,354		(503		)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	—		—			19,775		(71		)	19,775		(71		)
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	34,698	$	(119	)	$	247,023	$	(2,998	)	$	281,721	$	(3,117	)
December 31, 2018
Fixed maturity securities:
State and municipal	$	19,733	$	(284	)	$	47,018	$	(1,003	)	$	66,751	$	(1,287	)
Residential mortgage-backed	49,180		(743		)	105,778		(4,594		)	154,958		(5,337		)
Corporate	243,384		(5,089		)	155,902		(5,683		)	399,286		(10,772		)
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	106,423		(1,229		)	51,805		(1,584		)	158,228		(2,813		)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	17,618		(51		)	54,201		(794		)	71,819		(845		)
Redeemable preferred stock	1,812		(213		)	—		—			1,812		(213		)
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	438,150	$	(7,609	)	$	414,704	$	(13,658	)	$	852,854	$	(21,267	)

Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair
Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(in thousands)
June 30, 2018

Fixed maturity securities:

State and municipal $ 62,247
$ (1,800 ) $ 10,402
$ (472 ) $ 72,649
$ (2,272 )
Residential mortgage-backed 91,518
(2,123 ) 76,384
(4,145 ) 167,902
(6,268 )
Corporate 292,519
(7,730 ) 57,914
(3,573 ) 350,433
(11,303 )
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 112,250
(2,194 ) 20,388
(735 ) 132,638
(2,929 )
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies —
—
5,689
(13 ) 5,689
(13 )
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 70,158
(1,115 ) 13,397
(257 ) 83,555
(1,372 )
Redeemable preferred stock 1,990
(35 ) —
—
1,990
(35 )
Total fixed maturity securities 630,682

(14,997 )
184,174

(9,195 )
814,856

(24,192 )
Equity securities 10,128
(262 ) 5,627
(399 ) 15,755
(661 )
Total investments available-for-sale $ 640,810

$ (15,259 )
$ 189,801

$ (9,594 )
$ 830,611

$ (24,853 )
December 31, 2017

Fixed maturity securities:

State and municipal $ 40,117
$ (318 ) $ 10,662
$ (285 ) $ 50,779
$ (603 )
Residential mortgage-backed 50,447
(261 ) 84,193
(2,180 ) 134,640
(2,441 )
Corporate 113,464
(846 ) 66,954
(1,793 ) 180,418
(2,639 )
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 53,965
(244 ) 25,299
(454 ) 79,264
(698 )
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 3,024
(1 ) 32,154
(100 ) 35,178
(101 )
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 50,760
(430 ) 26,707
(209 ) 77,467
(639 )
Redeemable preferred stock 2,018
(7 ) —
—
2,018
(7 )
Total fixed maturity securities 313,795

(2,107 )
245,969

(5,021 )
559,764

(7,128 )
Equity securities 5,859
(65 ) 5,665
(561 ) 11,524
(626 )
Total investments available-for-sale $ 319,654

$ (2,172 )
$ 251,634

$ (5,582 )
$ 571,288

$ (7,754 )

The Company held securities of ~~219~~77 issuers that were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 with a total fair value of ~~$830.6~~$281.7 million and gross unrealized losses of ~~$24.9~~$3.1 million. None of the fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses has ever missed, or been delinquent on, a scheduled principal or interest payment.

At June 30, ~~2018, 100.0%~~2019, 99.6% of the Company’s fixed maturity security portfolio was rated “BBB-” or better (“investment grade”) by Standard & Poor’s or received an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. Fixed maturity securities with ratings below investment grade by Standard & Poor’s or another nationally recognized rating agency at June 30, 2019 had an aggregate fair value of $5.3 million and an aggregate net unrealized gain of $48,000.

At March 31, 2019, management concluded that three fixed maturity securities from one issuer that we intended to sell at a loss in the second quarter were impaired. The Company recorded impairment losses on these securities of $271,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2019. Management concluded that none of the fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 or December 31, ~~2017~~2018 had experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. ~~Management~~For fixed maturity securities available-for-sale that are not other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2019, management does not intend to sell ~~available-for-sale~~the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs.

At ~~December 31, 2017, management~~Management concluded that two loans from one ~~equity security, based on~~issuer in the ~~severity~~Company's bank loan portfolio were impaired at June 30, 2019. At June 30, 2019, the impaired loans had a carrying value of $3.4 million, unpaid principal of $3.6 million, and ~~duration~~an allowance for credit losses of ~~the impairment, had experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $1.5 million in 2017.~~$231,000. Management concluded that none of the ~~other equity securities with an unrealized loss~~loans in the Company's bank loan portfolio were impaired at December 31, ~~2017~~ ~~experienced an other-than-temporary impairment.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

2018. The aggregate allowance for credit losses on impaired loans was $1.2 million at June 30, 2018 and $3.2 million at December 31, 2017.

At December 31, 2017, the Company held a participation in a loan with unpaid principal of $807,000 issued by a company that produces and supplies power to Puerto Rico through a power purchase agreement with Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, ~~(“PREPA”),~~ a public corporation and governmental agency of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Management concluded that an allowance

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for credit losses should be established on the loan at December 31, 2017 to reduce its carrying value to $0. In the first quarter of 2018, the full outstanding principal on the loan was repaid and the Company recognized a realized gain of $807,000 on the repayment.

Management concluded that certain loans in the Company's bank loan portfolio were impaired as of June 30, 2018. The aggregate allowance for credit losses was $1.2 million at June 30, 2018 on impaired loans from three issuers with a total carrying value of $2.2 million and unpaid principal of $3.5 million. At December 31, 2017, the aggregate allowance for credit losses was $3.2 million on impaired loans from five issuers with a total carrying value of $5.1 million and unpaid principal of $8.4 million. The aggregate allowance for credit losses on impaired loans was $705,000 at June 30, 2017 and $943,000 at December 31, 2016.

Bank loan participations generally have a credit rating that is below investment grade (i.e. below “BBB-” for Standard & Poor’s) at the date of purchase. These bank loans are primarily senior, secured floating-rate debt rated “BB”, “B”, or “CCC” by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. These bank loans include assignments of, and participations in, performing and non-performing senior corporate debt generally acquired through primary bank syndications and in secondary markets. Bank loans consist of, but are not limited to, term loans, the funded and unfunded portions of revolving credit loans, and other similar loans and investments. Management believed that it was probable at the time that these loans were acquired that the Company would be able to collect all contractually required payments receivable.

Generally, the accrual of interest on a bank loan participation is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest. A bank loan participation may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. Generally, bank loan participations are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is reported as investment income. There were no bank loans on nonaccrual status at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 or December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb estimated probable credit losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on consultations and advice of the Company’s independent investment manager, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. ~~The~~When an observable market price for a loan is available, the Company ~~generally records~~has recorded an allowance equal to the difference between the fair value and the amortized cost of bank loans that it has determined to be impaired as a practical expedient for an estimate of probable future cash flows to be collected on those bank loans. Bank loans are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

The average recorded investment in impaired bank loans was ~~$3.7~~$1.7 million and ~~$5.0~~$3.7 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Investment income of ~~$65,000~~$0 and ~~$179,000,~~$65,000, respectively, was recognized during the time within those periods that the loans were impaired. The Company recorded net realized investment losses of ~~$896,000~~$231,000 and ~~$893,000~~$1.8 million in the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, for changes in the fair value of impaired bank loans ~~($42,000 of net~~(net realized investment losses of $896,000 and ~~$135,000 of net realized investment gains~~$893,000 in ~~the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively).~~

~~Changes in unrealized gains or losses on securities held for trading are recorded as trading gains or losses within net investment income. Net investment income for the~~ three and six months ended June 30, 2018 ~~includes $1,000 and $4,000 of net trading losses, respectively, all relating to securities sold during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.~~respectively).

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The Company’s net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments are summarized as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:
Gross realized gains	$	411		$	360		$	588		$	382
Gross realized losses	(80		)	(252		)	(485		)	(475		)
	331			108			103			(93		)
Bank loan participations:
Gross realized gains	137			360			150			1,580
Gross realized losses	(1,308		)	(1,006		)	(3,000		)	(1,106		)
	(1,171		)	(646		)	(2,850		)	474
Equity securities:
Gross realized gains	—			—			—			—
Gross realized losses	—			(47		)	(18		)	(62		)
Changes in fair values of equity securities	1,900			521			5,449			(1,189		)
	1,900			474			5,431			(1,251		)
Short-term investments and other:
Gross realized gains	3			—			4			—
Gross realized losses	—			—			—			(4		)
	3			—			4			(4		)
Total	$	1,063		$	(64	)	$	2,688		$	(874	)

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:

Gross realized gains $ 360
$ 18
$ 382
$ 356
Gross realized losses (252 ) (31 ) (475 ) (327 )
108

(13 )
(93 )
29
Bank loan participations:

Gross realized gains 360
471
1,580
1,607
Gross realized losses (1,006 ) (150 ) (1,106 ) (689 )
(646 )
321

474

918
Equity securities:

Gross realized gains —
—
—
409
Gross realized losses (47 ) —
(62 ) —
Changes in fair values of equity securities 521
—
(1,189 ) —
474

—

(1,251 )
409
Short-term investments and other:

Gross realized gains —
—
—
—
Gross realized losses —
(1 ) (4 ) (2 )
—

(1 )
(4 )
(2 )
Total $ (64 )
$ 307

$ (874 )
$ 1,354

Realized investment gains or losses are determined on a specific identification basis.

The Company invests selectively in private debt and equity opportunities. These investments, which together comprise the Company’s other invested assets, are primarily focused in renewable energy, limited partnerships, and bank holding companies.


	Carrying Value				Investment Income								Carrying Value				Investment Income
	June 30,		December 31,		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				June 30,		December 31,		Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017		2019		2018		2019			2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)												(in thousands)
Renewable energy LLCs (a)	$	32,204	$	32,063	$	530	$	1,521	$	1,741	$	7,115	$	30,449	$	29,795	$	(13	)	$	530	$	908	$	1,741
Renewable energy notes receivable (b)	8,750		7,278		328		49		625		49		8,750		8,750		328			328		656		625
Limited partnerships (c)	31,359		26,367		1,092		703		1,319		1,085		26,720		29,276		728			1,092		2,797		1,319
Bank holding companies (d)	4,500		4,500		86		86		172		172		4,500		4,500		86			86		172		172
Total other invested assets	$	76,813	$	70,208	$	2,036	$	2,359	$	3,857	$	8,421	$	70,419	$	72,321	$	1,129		$	2,036	$	4,533	$	3,857

(a)

The Company’s Corporate and Other segment owns equity interests ranging from 2.6% to ~~32.8%~~32.2% in various LLCs whose principal objective is capital appreciation and income generation from owning and operating renewable energy production facilities (wind and solar). The LLCs are managed by an ~~affiliate~~entity for which two of ~~the Company~~our directors serve as officers, and the Company’s Non-Executive Chairman has invested in certain of these LLCs. The equity method is used to account for the Company’s LLC investments. Income for the LLCs primarily reflects adjustments to the carrying values of investments in renewable energy projects to their determined fair values. The fair value adjustments are included in revenues for the LLCs. Expenses for the LLCs are not significant and are comprised of administrative and interest expenses. The Company received cash distributions from these investments totaling ~~$2.1 million~~$253,000 and ~~$3.6~~$2.1 million in the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

(b)

The ~~Company~~Company's Corporate and Other segment has invested in notes receivable for renewable energy projects. At June 30, ~~2018~~2019, the Company holds an $8.8 million note issued by an ~~affiliate~~ entity for which two of ~~the Company.~~our directors serve as officers. Interest on the note, which matures in 2021, is fixed at 15.0%. Interest income on the note was $328,000 and $656,000 for the three and six

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

~~on the note was $328,000~~months ended June 30, 2019, respectively ($328,000 and $625,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, ~~respectively ($49,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017)~~respectively).

(c)

The Company owns investments in limited partnerships that invest in concentrated portfolios including publicly-traded small cap equities, loans of middle market private equity sponsored companies, equity tranches of collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), and tranches of distressed home loans. Income from the partnerships is recognized under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s Corporate and Other segment held an investment in a limited partnership with a carrying value of ~~$3.2~~$3.6 million at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company recognized investment income of ~~$333,000~~$480,000 and $208,000 on the investment for the ~~three and~~ six months ended June 30, ~~2018, respectively ($152,000~~2019 and ~~$220,000~~ ~~for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively)~~.2018, respectively. The Company’s Excess and Surplus Lines segment holds investments in limited partnerships of ~~$28.1~~$23.2 million at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. Investment income of ~~$759,000~~$2.3 million and $1.1 million was recognized on the investments for the ~~three and~~ six months ended June 30, ~~2018, respectively ($551,000~~2019 and ~~$865,000~~ ~~for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively)~~.2018, respectively. At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company’s Excess and Surplus Lines segment has outstanding commitments to invest another $625,000 in these limited partnerships.

(d)

The ~~Company~~Company's Corporate and Other segment holds $4.5 million of subordinated notes issued by a bank holding ~~company.~~company for which the Company’s Non-Executive Chairman was previously the Lead Independent Director and an investor and for which one of the Company’s directors was an investor and is currently a lender (the "Bank Holding Company"). Interest on the notes, which mature on August 12, 2023, is fixed at 7.6% per annum. Interest income on the notes was ~~$86,000 and~~ $172,000 ~~respectively,~~ in both the ~~three and~~ six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and 2017. The Company’s Non-Executive Chairman was previously the Lead Independent Director of the bank holding company and an investor in the bank holding company. Additionally, one of the Company’s directors was an investor in the bank holding company and is currently a lender to the bank holding company.respectively.

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company held an investment in a CLO where one of the underlying loans was issued by the ~~bank holding company.~~Bank Holding Company. The investment, with a carrying value of ~~$4.7~~$3.4 million at June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, is classified as an available-for-sale fixed maturity.

~~The Company previously held common shares issued by the bank holding company.~~ ~~Realized investments gains of $409,000 were recognized in the six months ended June 30, 2017 related to the sale of common shares of the bank holding company.~~

The Company holds a $1.0 million certificate of deposit issued by the bank holding company. The certificate of deposit, which matures on December 19, 2018, is carried as a short-term investment. Interest income of $3,000 was recognized on this investment for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

3. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

On December 11, 2007, the Company completed an acquisition of James River Group by acquiring 100% of the outstanding shares of James River Group common stock, referred to herein as the “Merger”. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and goodwill and intangible assets were recognized by the Company as a result of the transaction. Goodwill resulting from the Merger was $181.8 million at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization for each major specifically identifiable intangible asset class were as follows:



		June 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
		($ in thousands)
Intangible Assets
Trademarks	Indefinite	$	22,200	$	—	$	22,200	$	—
Insurance licenses and authorities	Indefinite	8,964		—		8,964		—
Identifiable intangibles not subject to amortization		31,164		—		31,164		—
Broker relationships	24.6	11,611		5,536		11,611		5,238
Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization		11,611		5,536		11,611		5,238
		$	42,775	$	5,536	$	42,775	$	5,238

June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Life
(Years) Gross
Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Gross
Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization
($ in thousands)
Intangible Assets

Trademarks Indefinite $ 22,200
$ —
$ 22,200
$ —
Insurance licenses and authorities Indefinite 9,164
—
9,164
—
Identifiable intangibles not subject to amortization 31,364
—
31,364
—
Broker relationships 24.6 11,611
4,939
11,611
4,641
Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization 11,611
4,939
11,611
4,641
$ 42,975
$ 4,939
$ 42,975
$ 4,641

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

4. Earnings Per Share

The following represents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Net income to shareholders	$	20,307		$	16,984		$	43,035		$	32,617

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	30,246,420			29,882,988			30,153,426			29,823,982
Common share equivalents	442,654			410,945			427,779			419,964
Diluted	30,689,074			30,293,933			30,581,205			30,243,946

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.67		$	0.57		$	1.43		$	1.09
Common share equivalents	(0.01		)	(0.01		)	(0.02		)	(0.01		)
Diluted	$	0.66		$	0.56		$	1.41		$	1.08

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Net income to shareholders $ 16,984
$ 14,541
$ 32,617
$ 32,991

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 29,882,988
29,406,877
29,823,982
29,348,557
Common share equivalents 410,945
900,222
419,964
969,028
Diluted 30,293,933
30,307,099
30,243,946
30,317,585

Earnings per share:
Basic $ 0.57
$ 0.49
$ 1.09
$ 1.12
Common share equivalents (0.01 ) (0.01 ) (0.01 ) (0.03 )
Diluted $ 0.56
$ 0.48
$ 1.08
$ 1.09

Common share equivalents relate to ~~stock~~our outstanding equity awards (stock options and restricted share units ~~(“RSU’s”~~("RSUs")). For the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, common share equivalents of ~~182,246~~9,735 and ~~187,502~~170,310 shares, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share as their effects were ~~anti-dilutive. For~~anti-dilutive (182,246 and 187,502 shares in the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2017, common share equivalents of 201,821 and 150,075 shares, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share as their effects were anti-dilutive.~~2018, respectively).

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

5. Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances for losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance, to the gross amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at beginning of period	$	1,221,652	$	1,038,303	$	1,194,088	$	989,825
Add: Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance:
Current year	144,738		152,371		283,697		298,753
Prior years	2,315		2,224		3,283		(386		)
Total incurred losses and loss and adjustment expenses	147,053		154,595		286,980		298,367
Deduct: Loss and loss adjustment expense payments net of reinsurance:
Current year	20,575		20,577		25,254		32,754
Prior years	110,200		79,503		217,884		162,620
Total loss and loss adjustment expense payments	130,775		100,080		243,138		195,374
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at end of period	1,237,930		1,092,818		1,237,930		1,092,818
Add: Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	545,404		375,535		545,404		375,535
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses gross of reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period	$	1,783,334	$	1,468,353	$	1,783,334	$	1,468,353

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
(in thousands)
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at beginning of period $ 1,038,303
$ 791,781
$ 989,825
$ 761,128
Add: Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance:

Current year 152,371
129,369
298,753
238,152
Prior years 2,224
1,715
(386 ) (1,699 )
Total incurred losses and loss and adjustment expenses 154,595
131,084
298,367
236,453
Deduct: Loss and loss adjustment expense payments net of reinsurance:

Current year 20,577
13,908
32,754
17,606
Prior years 79,503
69,449
162,620
140,467
Total loss and loss adjustment expense payments 100,080
83,357
195,374
158,073
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of reinsurance recoverables at end of period 1,092,818
839,508
1,092,818
839,508
Add: Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period 375,535
221,553
375,535
221,553
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses gross of reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at end of period $ 1,468,353
$ 1,061,061
$ 1,468,353
$ 1,061,061

The Company experienced $2.3 million of adverse reserve development in the three months ended June 30, 2019 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2018. This reserve development included $1.2 million of adverse development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, as adverse development in the 2016 and 2017 accident years for commercial auto business were largely offset by favorable development in the 2018 accident year for commercial auto business. The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment experienced $1.2 million of favorable development due to favorable development in the workers' compensation business for prior accident years. The Company also experienced $2.4 million of adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment primarily related to losses from risk profiles and treaty structures that the Company no longer writes.

The Company experienced $2.2 million of adverse reserve development in the three months ended June 30, 2018 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2017. This reserve development included $58,000 of favorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, primarily from $1.9 million of favorable development on the property catastrophe losses from the September 2017 storms coupled with adverse development in commercial auto business and favorable development in other core Excess and Surplus Lines. The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment experienced $167,000 of favorable development, primarily due to favorable development in the workers' compensation business for prior accident years, partially offset by adverse development on certain terminated program business. The Company also experienced $2.4 million of adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment primarily related to losses from risk profiles and treaty structures that the Company no longer writes.

The Company experienced ~~$1.7~~$3.3 million of adverse reserve development in the ~~three~~six months ended June 30, ~~2017~~2019 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, ~~2016.~~2018. This reserve development included ~~$1.4~~$1.2 million of ~~favorable~~adverse development in the Excess and Surplus Lines ~~segment.~~segment, as adverse development in the 2016 and 2017 accident years for commercial auto business were largely offset by favorable development in the 2018 accident year for commercial auto business. The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment experienced ~~$949,000~~$3.3 million of ~~adverse~~favorable development ~~primarily~~ due to favorable development in the workers' compensation business for prior accident years. The Company also experienced $5.3 million of adverse development in the ~~programs business. The Company also experienced $2.2 million of adverse development for the~~ Casualty Reinsurance ~~segment. The development was mostly~~segment primarily related to losses from risk profiles and treaty structures that the ~~2010 and 2012 contracts with one reinsured.~~Company no longer writes.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The Company experienced $386,000 of favorable reserve development in the six months ended June 30, 2018 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2017. This reserve development included $1.2 million of favorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, primarily from $1.9 million of favorable development on the property catastrophe losses from the September 2017 storms coupled with adverse development in commercial auto business and favorable development in other core Excess and Surplus Lines. The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment experienced $1.5 million of favorable development, primarily due to favorable development in the workers' compensation business for prior accident years, partially offset by adverse development on certain terminated program business. The Company also experienced $2.3 million of ~~adverse~~favorable development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment primarily related to losses from risk profiles and treaty structures that the Company no longer writes.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

The Company experienced $1.7 million of favorable reserve development in the six months ended June 30, 2017 on the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2016. This reserve development included $4.7 million of favorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment. The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment experienced $907,000 of adverse development, primarily due to adverse development in the programs business which were partially offset by favorable development in the workers' compensation business. The Company also experienced $2.1 million of adverse development for the Casualty Reinsurance segment. The development was mostly related to the 2010 and 2012 contracts with one reinsured.

6. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income~~

The following table summarizes the components of other comprehensive income (loss) ~~income:~~:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, before U.S. income taxes	$	22,928		$	(6,633	)	$	44,406		$	(25,925	)
U.S. income taxes	(1,908		)	155			(3,355		)	699
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of U.S. income taxes	21,020			(6,478		)	41,051			(25,226		)
Less reclassification adjustment:
Net realized investment gains (losses)	331			108			103			(93		)
U.S. income taxes	(43		)	(28		)	(44		)	(28		)
Reclassification adjustment for investment gains (losses) realized in net income	288			80			59			(121		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	20,732		$	(6,558	)	$	40,992		$	(25,105	)

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
(in thousands)
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period, before U.S. income taxes $ (6,633 ) $ 7,853
$ (25,925 ) $ 13,851
U.S. income taxes 155
(1,156 ) 699
(2,792 )
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period, net of U.S. income taxes (6,478 ) 6,697
(25,226 ) 11,059
Less reclassification adjustment:

Net realized investment losses (gains) 108
(12 ) (93 ) 438
U.S. income tax expenses (28 ) 1
(28 ) (121 )
Reclassification adjustment for investment losses (gains) realized in net income 80
(11 ) (121 ) 317
Other comprehensive (loss) income $ (6,558 ) $ 6,708
$ (25,105 ) $ 10,742
In addition to the $331,000 and $103,000 of net realized investment gains on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively ($108,000 of net realized investment gains and $93,000 of net realized investment losses in the respective prior year periods), the Company also recognized $1.2 million and $2.9 million of net realized investment losses in the respective periods on its investments in bank loan participations ($646,000 of net realized investment losses and $474,000 of net realized investment gains in the respective prior year periods), and $1.9 million and $5.4 million of net realized gains in the respective periods for the change in fair values of equity securities ($521,000 of net realized gains and $1.2 million of net realized losses in the respective prior year periods).

7. Contingent Liabilities

The Company is a party to various lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of its operations. The Company believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not materially impact its financial position, cash flows, or results of operations.

~~The Company’s reinsurance subsidiary,~~ JRG Re has entered into three letter of credit facilities with banks as security to third-party reinsureds on reinsurance assumed by JRG Re. JRG Re has established custodial accounts to secure these letters of credit. Under a ~~$100.0~~$75.0 million facility, ~~$45.5~~$48.2 million of letters of credit were issued through June 30, ~~2018~~2019 which were secured by deposits of ~~$59.0~~$60.2 million. Under a $102.5 million facility, ~~$100.2~~$65.8 million of letters of credit were issued through June 30, ~~2018~~2019 which were secured by deposits of ~~$126.3~~$86.8 million. Under a $100.0 million facility, ~~$6.9~~$5.3 million of letters of credit were issued through June 30, ~~2018~~2019 which were secured by deposits of ~~$10.0~~$10.7 million. JRG Re has also established trust accounts to secure its obligations to selected reinsureds. The total amount deposited in the trust accounts for the benefit of third-party reinsureds was ~~$271.8~~$294.7 million at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

liabilities. ~~This~~The collateral is currently provided through a collateral trust arrangement established in favor of the Company by a captive insurance company affiliate of the insured group. At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the cash equivalent collateral held in the collateral trust arrangement was approximately ~~$944.8~~$1,162.7 million, which exceeds the amount of claims receivable and unpaid reported losses and loss adjustment expenses outstanding. ~~This is a rapidly growing relationship, and as such, there is~~The Company has ongoing exposure to estimated losses and expenses on these contracts growing at a faster pace than growth in our collateral balances. In addition, we have credit exposure if our estimates of future losses and loss adjustment expenses and other amounts recoverable, which are the basis for establishing collateral balances, are lower than actual amounts paid or payable. The amount of our credit exposure in any of these instances could be material. To mitigate these risks, we closely and frequently monitor our exposure compared to our collateral held, and we request additional collateral when our analysis indicates that we have uncollateralized exposure.

2022

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

8. Segment Information

The Company has four reportable segments: the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, the Casualty Reinsurance segment, and the Corporate and Other segment. Segment profit (loss) is measured by underwriting profit (loss), which is generally defined as net earned premiums less loss and loss adjustment expenses and other operating expenses of the operating segments. Gross fee income of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment is included in that segment’s underwriting profit. Gross fee income of ~~$3.7~~$2.3 million and ~~$4.2~~$3.7 million was included in underwriting profit for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($5.0 million and ~~2017, respectively. For~~$8.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017, gross fee income of $8.5 million and $8.1 million, respectively, was included in underwriting profit.~~respectively). Segment results are reported prior to the effects of intercompany reinsurance agreements among the Company’s insurance subsidiaries.

The following table summarizes the Company’s segment results:



	Excess and Surplus Lines		Specialty Admitted Insurance		Casualty Reinsurance			Corporate and Other		Total
	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Gross written premiums	$	260,277	$	89,472	$	30,254		$	—	$	380,003
Net earned premiums	150,921		13,086		35,107			—		199,114
Underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments	15,810		1,298		(100		)	—		17,008
Net investment income	4,229		918		11,986			402		17,535
Interest expense	—		—		—			2,684		2,684
Segment revenues	158,574		14,940		46,318			542		220,374
Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—			—		181,831
Segment assets	1,122,080		721,506		1,544,565			62,956		3,451,107

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Gross written premiums	$	165,398	$	97,100	$	30,880		$	—	$	293,378
Net earned premiums	139,127		14,266		54,817			—		208,210
Underwriting profit of insurance segments	10,117		988		1,729			—		12,834
Net investment income	4,350		839		9,662			1,284		16,135
Interest expense	—		—		—			2,946		2,946
Segment revenues	147,012		15,436		64,254			1,339		228,041
Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—			—		181,831
Segment assets	907,314		566,196		1,378,305			85,561		2,937,376

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

~~The following table summarizes the Company’s segment results:~~



	Excess and Surplus Lines		Specialty Admitted Insurance		Casualty Reinsurance		Corporate and Other		Total
	(in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Gross written premiums	$	446,826	$	192,425	$	68,086	$	—	$	707,337
Net earned premiums	292,593		25,446		71,227		—		389,266
Underwriting profit of insurance segments	28,912		2,921		227		—		32,060
Net investment income	9,773		1,815		23,158		2,220		36,966
Interest expense	—		—		—		5,492		5,492
Segment revenues	311,011		28,676		92,328		2,486		434,501
Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—		—		181,831
Segment assets	1,122,080		721,506		1,544,565		62,956		3,451,107

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Gross written premiums	$	332,884	$	184,501	$	74,109	$	—	$	591,494
Net earned premiums	269,098		27,606		112,448		—		409,152
Underwriting profit of insurance segments	21,416		2,611		3,473		—		27,500
Net investment income	7,392		1,550		17,679		2,770		29,391
Interest expense	—		—		—		5,468		5,468
Segment revenues	284,339		29,391		129,780		2,875		446,385
Segment goodwill	181,831		—		—		—		181,831
Segment assets	907,314		566,196		1,378,305		85,561		2,937,376

Excess and
Surplus
Lines Specialty
Admitted
Insurance Casualty
Reinsurance Corporate
and
Other Total
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Gross written premiums $ 165,398
$ 97,100
$ 30,880
$ —
$ 293,378
Net earned premiums 139,127
14,266
54,817
—
208,210
Underwriting profit of insurance segments 10,117
988
1,729
—
12,834
Net investment income 4,350
839
9,662
1,284
16,135
Interest expense —
—
—
2,946
2,946
Segment revenues 147,012
15,436
64,254
1,339
228,041
Segment goodwill 181,831
—
—
—
181,831
Segment assets 907,314
566,196
1,378,305
85,561
2,937,376

Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Gross written premiums $ 138,004
$ 76,771
$ 66,700
$ —
$ 281,475
Net earned premiums 117,268
17,760
49,049
—
184,077
Underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments 11,729
553
(2,023 ) —
10,259
Net investment income 3,841
631
7,386
1,856
13,714
Interest expense —
—
—
2,224
2,224
Segment revenues 125,484
18,435
56,574
1,901
202,394
Segment goodwill 181,831
—
—
—
181,831
Segment assets 779,428
369,515
1,268,560
114,550
2,532,053

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Gross written premiums $ 332,884
$ 184,501
$ 74,109
$ —
$ 591,494
Net earned premiums 269,098
27,606
112,448
—
409,152
Underwriting profit of insurance segments 21,416
2,611
3,473
—
27,500
Net investment income 7,392
1,550
17,679
2,770
29,391
Interest expense —
—
—
5,468
5,468
Segment revenues 284,339
29,391
129,780
2,875
446,385
Segment goodwill 181,831
—
—
—
181,831
Segment assets 907,314
566,196
1,378,305
85,561
2,937,376

Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Gross written premiums $ 246,999
$ 149,235
$ 109,420
$ —
$ 505,654
Net earned premiums 211,117
34,013
93,634
—
338,764
Underwriting profit (loss) of insurance segments 20,529
1,395
(930 ) —
20,994
Net investment income 7,024
1,267
14,510
7,646
30,447
Interest expense —
—
—
4,347
4,347
Segment revenues 226,574
35,359
108,720
8,143
378,796
Segment goodwill 181,831
—
—
—
181,831
Segment assets 779,428
369,515
1,268,560
114,550
2,532,053

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

The following table reconciles the underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments by individual segment to consolidated income before taxes:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands)
Underwriting profit (loss) of the insurance segments:
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	15,810		$	10,117		$	28,912		$	21,416
Specialty Admitted Insurance	1,298			988			2,921			2,611
Casualty Reinsurance	(100		)	1,729			227			3,473
Total underwriting profit of insurance segments	17,008			12,834			32,060			27,500
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	(7,433		)	(7,307		)	(15,339		)	(14,738		)
Underwriting profit	9,575			5,527			16,721			12,762
Net investment income	17,535			16,135			36,966			29,391
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments	1,063			(64		)	2,688			(874		)
Amortization of intangible assets	(149		)	(149		)	(298		)	(298		)
Other income and expenses	(378		)	4			(132		)	108
Interest expense	(2,684		)	(2,946		)	(5,492		)	(5,468		)
Income before taxes	$	24,962		$	18,507		$	50,453		$	35,621

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
(in thousands)
Underwriting profit of the insurance segments:

Excess and Surplus Lines $ 10,117
$ 11,729
$ 21,416
$ 20,529
Specialty Admitted Insurance 988
553
2,611
1,395
Casualty Reinsurance 1,729
(2,023 ) 3,473
(930 )
Total underwriting profit of insurance segments 12,834
10,259
27,500
20,994
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment (7,307 ) (6,095 ) (14,738 ) (12,556 )
Underwriting profit 5,527
4,164
12,762
8,438
Net investment income 16,135
13,714
29,391
30,447
Net realized investment (losses) gains (64 ) 307
(874 ) 1,354
Amortization of intangible assets (149 ) (149 ) (298 ) (298 )
Other income and expenses 4
(257 ) 108
(57 )
Interest expense (2,946 ) (2,224 ) (5,468 ) (4,347 )
Income before taxes $ 18,507
$ 15,555
$ 35,621
$ 35,537

9. Other Operating Expenses and Other Expenses

Other operating expenses consist of the following:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Amortization of policy acquisition costs	$	23,150	$	28,672	$	41,771	$	58,870
Other underwriting expenses of the operating segments	14,260		15,772		33,485		32,926
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	7,433		7,307		15,339		14,738
Total	$	44,843	$	51,751	$	90,595	$	106,534

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
(in thousands)
Amortization of policy acquisition costs $ 28,672
$ 31,614
$ 58,870
$ 59,252
Other underwriting expenses of the operating segments 15,772
15,327
32,926
30,121
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment 7,307
6,095
14,738
12,556
Total $ 51,751
$ 53,036
$ 106,534
$ 101,929
Other expenses of $683,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 consist of employee severance costs. Other expenses of $93,000 and $97,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily consist of legal and professional services and other costs related to secondary share offerings.

10. Fair Value Measurements

Three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value of financial instruments: (1) Level 1: quoted price (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets, (2) Level 2: inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument, and (3) Level 3: inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable for the asset or liability.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

To measure fair value, the Company obtains quoted market prices for its investment securities from its outside investment managers. If a quoted market price is not available, the Company uses prices of similar securities. Values for U.S. Treasury and publicly-traded equity securities are generally based on Level 1 inputs which use the market approach valuation technique. The values for all other fixed maturity securities (including state and municipal securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies) generally incorporate significant Level 2 inputs, and in some cases, Level 3 inputs, using the market approach and income approach valuation techniques. There have been no changes in the Company’s use of valuation techniques since December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

The Company reviews fair value prices provided by its outside investment managers for reasonableness by comparing the fair values provided by the managers to those provided by its investment custodian. The Company also reviews and monitors changes in unrealized gains and losses. The Company has not historically adjusted security prices. The Company obtains an understanding of the methods, models and inputs used by the investment managers and independent pricing services, and controls

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

are in place to validate that prices provided represent fair values. The Company’s control process includes, but is not limited to, initial and ongoing evaluation of the methodologies used, a review of specific securities and an assessment for proper classification within the fair value hierarchy, and obtaining and reviewing internal control reports for our investment manager that obtains fair values from independent pricing services.

~~Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 are summarized below:~~

Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
Level 1 Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Level 2 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 3 Total
(in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:

Fixed maturity securities:

State and municipal $ —
$ 138,373
$ —
$ 138,373
Residential mortgage-backed —
184,751
—
184,751
Corporate —
430,345
—
430,345
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed —
169,762
4,680
174,442
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies —
5,689
—
5,689
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 85,227
570
—
85,797
Redeemable preferred stock —
1,990
—
1,990
Total fixed maturity securities 85,227
931,480
4,680
1,021,387
Equity securities:

Preferred stock —
64,866
—
64,866
Common stock 15,311
3,832
—
19,143
Total equity securities 15,311
68,698
—
84,009
Total available-for-sale securities $ 100,538
$ 1,000,178
$ 4,680
$ 1,105,396
Trading securities:

Fixed maturity securities $ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
Short-term investments $ 1,000
$ 24,140
$ —
$ 25,140

2425

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 are summarized below:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
State and municipal	$	—	$	138,250	$	—	$	138,250
Residential mortgage-backed	—		249,758		—		249,758
Corporate	—		606,274		—		606,274
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	—		220,076		—		220,076
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	115,094		539		—		115,633
Redeemable preferred stock	—		2,051		—		2,051
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	115,094	$	1,216,948	$	—	$	1,332,042
Equity securities:
Preferred stock	—		67,255		—		67,255
Common stock	15,413		1,761		3,099		20,273
Total equity securities	$	15,413	$	69,016	$	3,099	$	87,528
Short-term investments	$	—	$	24,463	$	—	$	24,463

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are summarized below:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
State and municipal	$	—	$	149,295	$	—	$	149,295
Residential mortgage-backed	—		204,109		—		204,109
Corporate	—		524,768		—		524,768
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	—		192,797		4,228		197,025
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	106,651		542		—		107,193
Redeemable preferred stock	—		1,812		—		1,812
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	106,651	$	1,073,323	$	4,228	$	1,184,202
Equity securities:
Preferred stock	—		60,740		—		60,740
Common stock	16,674		757		214		17,645
Total equity securities	$	16,674	$	61,497	$	214	$	78,385
Short-term investments	$	1,250	$	80,716	$	—	$	81,966

Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
Level 1 Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Level 2 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 3 Total
(in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:

Fixed maturity securities:

State and municipal $ —
$ 144,366
$ —
$ 144,366
Residential mortgage-backed —
158,661
—
158,661
Corporate —
413,721
—
413,721
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed —
177,931
4,680
182,611
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies —
35,847
—
35,847
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government

78,265
609
—
78,874
Redeemable preferred stock —
2,018
—
2,018
Total fixed maturity securities 78,265
933,153
4,680
1,016,098
Equity securities:

Preferred stock —
66,281
—
66,281
Common stock 15,507
734
—
16,241
Total equity securities 15,507
67,015
—
82,522
Total available-for-sale securities $ 93,772
$ 1,000,168
$ 4,680
$ 1,098,620
Trading securities:

Fixed maturity securities $ —
$ 3,808
$ —
$ 3,808
Short-term investments $ 1,000
$ 35,804
$ —
$ 36,804

The ~~beginning and ending balances of assets and liabilities measured~~Company held one available-for-sale fixed maturity security at December 31, 2018 for which the fair value ~~on a recurring basis~~was determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) consist of one available-for-sale fixed maturity security with a fair value of $4.7 million, and there was no activity (purchases, sales, transfers) involving Level 3 securities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.. A market approach using prices in trades of comparable securities was utilized to determine a fair value of $4.2 million for the security at December 31, 2018. A principal payment of $456,000 was received on the available-for-sale fixed maturity security in the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company was able to obtain a quoted price from a pricing vendor for the available-for-sale fixed maturity security at March 31, 2019 and it was transferred to Level 2.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company held equity securities for which the fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). In the three months ended June 30, 2019, one equity security was transferred from Level 1 to Level 3 as the security was no longer actively traded. A market approach using prices in trades of comparable securities was utilized to determine a fair value for ~~this security~~the equity securities of $3.1 million at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and $214,000 at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. There were no purchases or sales of Level 3 securities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018. There were no transfers involving Level 3 securities for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Transfers out of Level 3 occur when the Company is able to obtain reliable prices from pricing vendors for securities for which the Company was previously unable to obtain reliable prices. Transfers in to Level 3 occur when the Company is unable to obtain reliable prices for securities from pricing vendors and instead must use broker price quotes to value the securities.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 or ~~2017.~~2018. The Company recognizes transfers between levels at the beginning of the reporting period.

There were no realized gains or losses included in earnings for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to Level 3 assets valued at fair value on a recurring basis that are still held at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

The Company measures certain bank loan participations at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the year as part of the Company’s impairment evaluation when loans are determined by management to be impaired.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below:


	Fair Value Measurements Using								Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total		Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
June 30, 2018
June 30, 2019
Bank loan participations held-for-investment	$	—	$	—	$	2,243	$	2,243	$	—	$	—	$	3,359	$	3,359
December 31, 2017
December 31, 2018
Bank loan participations held-for-investment	$	—	$	—	$	5,111	$	5,111	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Bank loan participations held-for-investment that were determined to be impaired were written down to their fair value of ~~$2.2~~$3.4 million at at June 30, ~~2018 and $5.1 million at~~ 2019. Management concluded that none of the bank loan participations held-for-investment were impaired as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

In the determination of the fair value for bank loan participations and certain high yield bonds, the Company’s investment manager endeavors to obtain data from multiple external pricing sources. External pricing sources may include brokers, dealers and price data vendors that provide a composite price based on prices from multiple dealers. Such external pricing sources typically provide valuations for normal institutional size trading units of such securities using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities, and various relationships between securities, as generally recognized by institutional dealers. For investments in which the investment manager determines that only one external pricing source is appropriate or if only one external price is available, the relevant investment is generally recorded at fair value based on such price.

Investments for which external sources are not available or are determined by the investment manager not to be representative of fair value are recorded at fair value as determined by the Company, with input from its investment managers and valuation specialists as considered necessary. In determining the fair value of such investments, the Company considers one or more of the following factors: type of security held, convertibility or exchangeability of the security, redeemability of the security (including the timing of redemptions), application of industry accepted valuation models, recent trading activity, liquidity, estimates of liquidation value, purchase cost, and prices received for securities with similar terms of the same issuer or similar issuers. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no investments for which external sources were unavailable to determine fair value. At December 31, 2017, there was one bank loan participation with an unpaid principal balance of $807,000 and a carrying value of zero for which external sources were unavailable to determine fair value.

~~The carrying values and fair values of financial instruments are summarized below:~~

June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Carrying
Value Fair Value Carrying
Value Fair Value
(in thousands)
Assets

Available-for-sale:

Fixed maturity securities $ 1,021,387
$ 1,021,387
$ 1,016,098
$ 1,016,098
Equity securities 84,009
84,009
82,522
82,522
Trading:

Fixed maturity securities —
—
3,808
3,808
Bank loan participations held-for-investment 253,689
252,836
238,214
236,532
Cash and cash equivalents 267,367
267,367
163,495
163,495
Short-term investments 25,140
25,140
36,804
36,804
Other invested assets – notes receivable 13,250
18,880
11,778
17,104
Liabilities

Senior debt 98,300
97,960
98,300
97,884
Junior subordinated debt 104,055
115,472
104,055
116,569

2627

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JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The carrying values and fair values of financial instruments are summarized below:



	June 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Assets
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,332,042	$	1,332,042	$	1,184,202	$	1,184,202
Equity securities	87,528		87,528		78,385		78,385
Bank loan participations held-for-investment	251,472		243,962		260,972		250,697
Cash and cash equivalents	169,125		169,125		172,457		172,457
Short-term investments	24,463		24,463		81,966		81,966
Other invested assets – notes receivable	13,250		18,785		13,250		18,687
Liabilities
Senior debt	98,300		100,459		118,300		118,317
Junior subordinated debt	104,055		122,807		104,055		117,057

The fair values of fixed maturity securities and equity securities have been determined using quoted market prices for securities traded in the public market or prices using bid or closing prices for securities not traded in the public marketplace. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments approximate their carrying values due to their short-term maturity.

The fair values of other invested assets-notes receivable, senior debt, and junior subordinated debt at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 were determined by calculating the present value of expected future cash flows under the terms of the note agreements or debt agreements, as applicable, discounted at an estimated market rate of interest at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

The fair values of bank loan participations held-for-investment, senior debt, and junior subordinated debt at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 were determined using inputs to the valuation methodology that are unobservable (Level 3).

11. Capital Stock and Equity Awards

The Company issued ~~221,139~~342,215 common shares in the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 with ~~177,835~~265,938 of the new shares related to stock option exercises and ~~43,304~~76,277 of the new shares related to vesting of RSUs. The total common shares outstanding increased from ~~29,696,682~~29,988,460 at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to ~~29,917,821~~30,330,675 at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

The Company declared the following dividends during the first six months of ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:



Date of Declaration	Dividend per Common Share		Payable to Shareholders of Record on	Payment Date	Total Amount

2019
February 20, 2019	$	0.30	March 11, 2019	March 29, 2019	$	9,146,357
April 30, 2019	$	0.30	June 10, 2019	June 28, 2019	$	9,204,804
	$	0.60			$	18,351,161

2018
February 22, 2018	$	0.30	March 12, 2018	March 30, 2018	$	9,049,476
May 1, 2018	$	0.30	June 11, 2018	June 29, 2018	$	9,066,023
	$	0.60			$	18,115,499

Date of Declaration Dividend per Common Share Payable to Shareholders of Record on Payment Date Total Amount

2018
February 22, 2018 $ 0.30
March 12, 2018 March 30, 2018 $ 9.0 million
May 1, 2018 $ 0.30
June 11, 2018 June 29, 2018 $ 9.1 million
$ 0.60
$ 18.1 million

2017
February 14, 2017 $ 0.30
March 13, 2017 March 31, 2017 $ 8.9 million
May 2, 2017 $ 0.30
June 12, 2017 June 30, 2017 $ 8.9 million
$ 0.60
$ 17.8 million

Included in the total dividends for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are $216,000 and ~~2017 are~~ $197,000, ~~and $154,000~~respectively, of dividend equivalents on ~~RSUs, respectively.~~unvested RSUs. The balance of dividends payable on unvested RSUs was ~~$500,870~~$554,000 at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~$434,000~~$557,000 at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company’s shareholders have approved various equity incentive plans, including the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Legacy Plan”), the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (“2014 LTIP”), and the 2014 Non-Employee Director Incentive Plan (“2014 Director Plan”) (collectively, the “Plans”). All awards issued under the Plans are issued at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Under the Legacy Plan, employees received non-qualified stock options. Options are outstanding under the Legacy Plan; however, no additional awards may be granted.

Employees are eligible to receive non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, share appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted shares, RSUs, and other awards under the 2014 LTIP. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the 2014 LTIP is 4,171,150, and at June 30, ~~2018, 1,692,615~~2019, 1,573,528 shares are available for grant.

Non-employee directors of the Company are eligible to receive non-qualified stock options, share appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted shares, RSUs, and other awards under the 2014 Director Plan. At the 2019 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders of the Company held on April 30, 2019, the Company's shareholders approved an amendment to the 2014 Director Plan. The Board of Directors of the Company had previously approved the amendment. The amendment increased the number of the Company's common shares authorized for issuance under the 2014 Director Plan by 100,000 shares. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the 2014 Director Plan is ~~50,000,~~150,000, and at June 30, ~~2018, 21,663~~2019, 108,594 shares are available for grant.

Generally, awards issued under the 2014 LTIP and 2014 Director Plan vest immediately in the event that an award recipient is terminated without Cause (as defined in the applicable plans), and in the case of the 2014 LTIP for Good Reason (as defined in the applicable plans), at any time following a Change in Control (as defined in the applicable plans).

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

Options

The following table summarizes ~~the~~ option ~~activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:~~activity:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019				2018
	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding:
Beginning of period	1,115,324		$	29.02	1,479,236		$	27.81
Granted	—		$	—	—		$	—
Exercised	(336,350	)	$	26.22	(255,609	)	$	21.14
Forfeited	(5,395	)	$	38.13	(29,446	)	$	36.26
End of period	773,579		$	30.18	1,194,181		$	29.04
Exercisable, end of period	717,610		$	29.24	876,816		$	26.59

Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017
Shares Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Shares Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding:

Beginning of period 1,479,236
$ 27.81
2,234,699
$ 22.84
Granted —
$ —
205,244
$ 42.24
Exercised (255,609 ) $ 21.14
(443,114 ) $ 18.72
Forfeited (29,446 ) $ 36.26
(50,062 ) $ 27.97
End of period 1,194,181
$ 29.04
1,946,767
$ 25.69
Exercisable, end of period 876,816
$ 26.59
992,395
$ 20.95

All of the outstanding options vest over ~~two~~three to four years and have a contractual life of seven years from the original date of grant. All of the outstanding options have an exercise price ~~greater than or~~ equal to the fair value of the underlying shares at the date of grant. The weighted-average remaining contractual life of the options outstanding and options exercisable at June 30, 2019 was ~~4.1~~3.4 years and ~~3.8~~3.3 years, respectively.

Table of Contents

JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

RSUs

The following table summarizes ~~the~~ RSU ~~activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:~~activity:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019				2018
	Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested, beginning of period	300,142		$	39.22	178,882		$	37.93
Granted	178,556		$	42.08	214,907		$	39.81
Vested	(111,212	)	$	39.90	(63,191	)	$	40.92
Forfeited	(9,555	)	$	40.84	(4,454	)	$	41.04
Unvested, end of period	357,931		$	40.39	326,144		$	38.55

Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017
Shares Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value Shares Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

Unvested, beginning of period 178,882
$ 37.93
196,800
$ 24.38
Granted 214,907
$ 39.81
119,312
$ 42.19
Vested (63,191 ) $ 40.92
(39,113 ) $ 32.01
Forfeited (4,454 ) $ 41.04
(19,743 ) $ 24.06
Unvested, end of period 326,144
$ 38.55
257,256
$ 31.50

The vesting period of RSUs granted to employees range from one to five years and vest ratably over the respective vesting period, and the majority vest in three years. All RSUs granted to date to non-employee directors had a one year vesting period. The holders of RSUs are entitled to dividend equivalents. The dividend equivalents are settled in cash at the same time that the underlying RSUs vest and are subject to the same risk of forfeiture as the underlying shares. The fair value of the RSUs granted is based on the market price of the underlying ~~shares.~~shares at the date of grant.

Compensation Expense

Share based compensation expense is recognized on a straight line basis over the vesting period. The amount of expense and related tax benefit is summarized below:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Share based compensation expense	$	1,810	$	1,660	$	3,484	$	3,115
U.S. tax benefit on share based compensation expense	220		198		420		371

Three Months Ended
June 30, Six Months Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
(in thousands)
Share based compensation expense $ 1,660
$ 1,784
$ 3,115
$ 3,578
U.S. tax benefit on share based compensation expense 198
477
371
946

~~Table of Contents~~

~~JAMES RIVER GROUP HOLDING, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)~~

As of June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had ~~$11.9~~$12.0 million of unrecognized share based compensation expense expected to be charged to earnings over a weighted-average period of ~~2.1~~2.0 years.

12. Subsequent Events

On July ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.30 per common share. The dividend is payable on September ~~28, 2018~~30, 2019 to shareholders of record on September ~~10, 2018.~~16, 2019.

On July 30, 2019, the Board of Directors granted awards under the 2014 LTIP to the Company’s employees. RSUs for 522 shares were awarded with a fair value on the date of grant of $47.89 per share. The RSUs vest over three years.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or “Quarterly Report”, and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, or for any other future period. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, and in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and its subsidiaries. Unless the context indicates or suggests otherwise, references to “the Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and its subsidiaries.

Our Business

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. is a Bermuda-based holding company. We own and operate a group of specialty insurance and reinsurance companies with the objective of generating compelling returns on tangible equity while limiting underwriting and investment volatility. We seek to accomplish this by consistently earning profits from insurance and reinsurance underwriting and generating meaningful risk-adjusted investment returns while managing our capital opportunistically.

Our underwriting profit for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$5.5~~$9.6 million and ~~$12.8~~$16.7 million, respectively. In the prior year, for the same periods, we had an underwriting profit of ~~$4.2~~$5.5 million and ~~$8.4~~$12.8 million, respectively.

We are organized into four reportable segments, which are separately managed business units:

The Excess and Surplus Lines segment offers commercial excess and surplus lines liability and property insurance in every U.S. state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands through James River Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, James River Casualty Company;

The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment focuses on niche classes within the standard insurance markets, such as workers’ compensation coverage for residential contractors, light manufacturing operations, transportation workers and healthcare workers and fronting business, where we retain a small percentage of the risk and seek to earn fee income by allowing other carriers and producers to use our licensure, ratings and infrastructure. This segment has admitted licenses and the authority to write excess and surplus lines insurance in 49 states and the District of Columbia;

The Casualty Reinsurance segment primarily provides proportional and working layer casualty reinsurance to third parties (primarily through reinsurance intermediaries) and stop loss reinsurance to ~~our U.S.-based insurance subsidiaries (primarily through quota share reinsurance)~~Carolina Re Ltd (“Carolina Re”), through JRG Reinsurance Company Ltd. (“JRG Re”), aboth Bermuda-based reinsurance ~~company. In addition, Carolina~~companies. JRG Re ~~Ltd (“Carolina Re”) was formed~~has also in ~~2018 to provide~~the past provided reinsurance to the Company's U.S. based insurance ~~subsidiaries;~~subsidiaries through a quota-share reinsurance agreement; Carolina Re was formed in 2018 to do this as well; and

The Corporate and Other segment consists of the management and treasury activities of our holding companies, interest expense associated with our debt, and expenses of our holding companies, including public company expenses, that are not reimbursed by our insurance segments.

All of our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries have financial strength ratings of “A” (Excellent) from A.M. Best Company.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In preparing the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

The most critical accounting policies involve significant estimates and include those used in determining the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses, investment valuation and impairment, ~~goodwill and intangible assets,~~ and assumed reinsurance premiums. For a detailed discussion of each of these policies, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. There have been no significant changes to any of these policies during the current year.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes our ~~results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:~~results:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
	2018			2017			Change		2018			2017			Change		2019			2018			Change		2019			2018			Change
	($ in thousands)																($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	$	293,378		$	281,475		4.2	%	$	591,494		$	505,654		17.0	%	$	380,003		$	293,378		29.5	%	$	707,337		$	591,494		19.6	%
Net retention (1)	64.3		%	73.8		%			67.6		%	72.3		%			63.1		%	64.3		%			63.3		%	67.6		%
Net written premiums	$	188,606		$	207,824		(9.2	)%	$	399,584		$	365,734		9.3	%	$	239,910		$	188,606		27.2	%	$	447,651		$	399,584		12.0	%
Net earned premiums	$	208,210		$	184,077		13.1	%	$	409,152		$	338,764		20.8	%	$	199,114		$	208,210		(4.4	)%	$	389,266		$	409,152		(4.9	)%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(154,595		)	(131,084		)	17.9	%	(298,367		)	(236,453		)	26.2	%	(147,053		)	(154,595		)	(4.9	)%	(286,980		)	(298,367		)	(3.8	)%
Other operating expenses	(48,088		)	(48,829		)	(1.5	)%	(98,023		)	(93,873		)	4.4	%	(42,486		)	(48,088		)	(11.6	)%	(85,565		)	(98,023		)	(12.7	)%
Underwriting profit (2), (3)	5,527			4,164			32.7	%	12,762			8,438			51.2	%	9,575			5,527			73.2	%	16,721			12,762			31.0	%
Net investment income	16,135			13,714			17.7	%	29,391			30,447			(3.5	)%	17,535			16,135			8.7	%	36,966			29,391			25.8	%
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments	(64		)	307			‒		(874		)	1,354			‒
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments																	1,063			(64		)	‒		2,688			(874		)	‒
Other income and expense	4			(257		)	‒		108			(57		)	‒		(378		)	4			‒		(132		)	108			‒
Interest expense	(2,946		)	(2,224		)	32.5	%	(5,468		)	(4,347		)	25.8	%	(2,684		)	(2,946		)	(8.9	)%	(5,492		)	(5,468		)	0.4	%
Amortization of intangible assets	(149		)	(149		)	‒		(298		)	(298		)	‒		(149		)	(149		)	‒		(298		)	(298		)	‒
Income before taxes	18,507			15,555			19.0	%	35,621			35,537			0.2	%	24,962			18,507			34.9	%	50,453			35,621			41.6	%
Income tax expense	1,523			1,014			50.2	%	3,004			2,546			18.0	%	4,655			1,523			205.6	%	7,418			3,004			146.9	%
Net income	$	16,984		$	14,541		16.8	%	$	32,617		$	32,991		(1.1	)%	$	20,307		$	16,984		19.6	%	$	43,035		$	32,617		31.9	%
Adjusted net operating income (4)	$	17,569		$	14,864		18.2	%	$	34,138		$	32,583		4.8	%	$	20,177		$	17,569		14.8	%	$	41,890		$	34,138		22.7	%
Ratios:
Loss ratio	74.2		%	71.2		%			72.9		%	69.8		%			73.9		%	74.2		%			73.7		%	72.9		%
Expense ratio	23.1		%	26.5		%			24.0		%	27.7		%			21.3		%	23.1		%			22.0		%	24.0		%
Combined ratio	97.3		%	97.7		%			96.9		%	97.5		%			95.2		%	97.3		%			95.7		%	96.9		%


(1)	Net retention is defined as the ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums.


(2)	Underwriting profit is a non-GAAP measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation to income before tax and for additional information.


(3)	Included in underwriting results for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 is gross fee income of ~~$7.4~~$6.2 million and ~~$15.6~~$12.6 million, respectively ($~~6.9~~7.4 million and ~~$12.8~~$15.6 million for the same periods in the prior year).


(4)	Adjusted net operating income is a non-GAAP measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for reconciliation to net income and for additional information.

Three Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018

The Company had an underwriting profit of ~~$5.5~~$9.6 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. This compares to an underwriting profit of ~~$4.2~~$5.5 million for the same period in the prior year.

The results for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 include certain non-operating items that are significant to the Company. These items (on a pre-tax basis) include:

Net realized and unrealized investment ~~losses~~gains (losses) of ~~$64,000~~$1.1 million and ~~net realized investment gains of $307,000~~$(64,000) for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. See “— Investing Results" for more information on these realized and unrealized investment ~~losses and gains.~~gains (losses).

•

Interest expense of $457,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 relating to finance expenses in connection with a minority interest in a real estate partnership pursuant to which we were previously deemed an owner for accounting purposes. Effective with the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2019, the Company is no longer deemed the owner for accounting purposes and there is no comparable expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Interest expense of $457,000 and $313,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, relating to finance expenses in connection with a minority interest in a real estate partnership pursuant to which we are deemed an owner for accounting purposes. The debt is nonrecourse to us and was not arranged by us.

We define adjusted net operating income as net income excluding certain non-operating expenses such as net realized and unrealized investment gains and losses on investments, expenses related to due diligence costs for various merger and acquisition activities, professional service fees related to the filing of registration statements for the offering of securities, severance costs associated

with terminated employees, and interest expense and other income and expenses on a leased building that we ~~are~~were previously deemed to own for accounting purposes. We use adjusted net operating income as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Adjusted net operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and our definition of adjusted net operating income may not be comparable to that of other companies.

Our income before taxes and net income ~~for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017~~ reconcile to our adjusted net operating income as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,										Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018				2017						2019						2018
	Income Before Taxes		Net Income		Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes		Net Income
	($ in thousands)										($ in thousands)
Income as reported	$	18,507	$	16,984	$	15,555		$	14,541		$	24,962		$	20,307		$	18,507	$	16,984
Net realized and unrealized investment losses (gains)	64		98		(307		)	(248		)
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses											(1,063		)	(670		)	64		98
Other expenses	93		126		346			368			683			540			93		126
Interest expense on leased building the Company is deemed to own for accounting purposes	457		361		313			203
Interest expense on leased building the Company was previously deemed to own for accounting purposes											—			—			457		361
Adjusted net operating income	$	19,121	$	17,569	$	15,907		$	14,864		$	24,582		$	20,177		$	19,121	$	17,569

~~Our combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was 97.3%.~~ Combined Ratios

The combined ratio is a measure of underwriting performance and represents the relationship of incurred losses, loss adjustment expenses and other operating expenses to net earned premiums. Our combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was 95.2%. A combined ratio of less than 100% indicates an underwriting profit, while a combined ratio greater than 100% reflects an underwriting loss. The combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2019 includes $2.3 million, or 1.2 percentage points, of net adverse reserve development on prior accident years, including $1.2 million of net adverse reserve development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $1.2 million of net favorable reserve development from the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $2.4 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

The combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was 97.3%. The combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2018 includes $2.2 million, or 1.1 percentage points, of net adverse reserve development on prior accident years, including $58,000 of net favorable reserve development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $167,000 of net favorable reserve development from the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $2.4 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

~~The combined ratio for~~All of the ~~three months ended June 30, 2017 was 97.7%. The combined ratio included $1.7 million, or 0.9 percentage points,~~Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries are party to an intercompany pooling agreement that distributes the net underwriting results among the group companies based on their approximate pro-rata level of ~~net adverse reserve development on~~statutory capital and surplus to the total Company statutory capital and surplus. Additionally, each of the Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries is a party to a quota share reinsurance agreement that in periods prior ~~accident years, including $1.4 million~~to January 1, 2018 ceded 70% of ~~net favorable reserve development from~~their premiums and losses to JRG Re, and starting January 1, 2018, ceded 70% of their premiums and losses to Carolina Re, an entity domiciled in Bermuda that made an irrevocable election to be taxed as a U.S. domestic corporation under Section 953(d) of the ~~Excess~~Code effective January 1, 2018. JRG Re also provides stop loss reinsurance to Carolina Re. We report all segment information in this ‘‘Management’s Discussion and ~~Surplus Lines segment, $949,000~~Analysis of ~~net adverse reserve development from~~Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ prior to the ~~Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $2.2 million~~effects of ~~net adverse reserve development from~~intercompany reinsurance, consistent with the ~~Casualty Reinsurance segment.~~manner in which we evaluate the operating performance of our reportable segments.

Expense Ratios

Our expense ratio improved from ~~26.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to~~ 23.1% for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2018 to 21.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The improvement is due to ~~a 18.6%~~an 8.5% increase in the net earned premiums of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment ~~and an increase~~including in ~~gross fee income for the Company as a whole.~~lines of business which carry relatively low expenses or that have meaningful ceding commissions. Our Excess and Surplus Lines segment has significant scale and produces a lower expense ratio than our other operating segments. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment is our largest segment and makes up ~~66.8%~~75.8% of consolidated net earned premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 66.8% for three months ended June 30, 2018. Gross fee income for the Company ~~increased~~declined from ~~$6.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to~~ $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2018 to $6.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018

The Company had an underwriting profit of ~~$12.8~~$16.7 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. This compares to an underwriting profit of ~~$8.4~~$12.8 million for the same period in the prior year.

The results for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 include certain non-operating items that are significant to the Company. These items (on a pre-tax basis) include:

Net realized and unrealized investment ~~losses~~gains (losses) of ~~$874,000~~$2.7 million and ~~net realized investment gains of $1.4 million~~$(874,000) for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. See “— Investing Results" for more information on these realized and unrealized investment ~~losses and gains.~~gains (losses).

Interest expense of $775,000 and $625,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, relating to finance expenses in connection with a minority interest in a real estate partnership pursuant to which we are deemed an owner for accounting purposes. The debt is nonrecourse to us and was not arranged by us.

•

Interest expense of $775,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 relating to finance expenses in connection with a minority interest in a real estate partnership pursuant to which we were previously deemed an owner for accounting purposes. Effective with the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2019, the Company is no longer deemed the owner for accounting purposes and there is no comparable expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Our income before taxes and net income ~~for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017~~ reconcile to our adjusted net operating income as follows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018				2017						2019						2018
	Income Before Taxes		Net Income		Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes		Net Income
	($ in thousands)										($ in thousands)
Income as reported	$	35,621	$	32,617	$	35,537		$	32,991		$	50,453		$	43,035		$	35,621	$	32,617
Net realized and unrealized investment losses (gains)	874		763		(1,354		)	(1,082		)
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses											(2,688		)	(1,685		)	874		763
Other expenses	97		146		232			268			683			540			97		146
Interest expense on leased building the Company is deemed to own for accounting purposes	775		612		625			406
Interest expense on leased building the Company was previously deemed to own for accounting purposes											—			—			775		612
Adjusted net operating income	$	37,367	$	34,138	$	35,040		$	32,583		$	48,448		$	41,890		$	37,367	$	34,138

Combined Ratios

Our combined ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 95.7%. The combined ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2019 includes $3.3 million, or 0.8 percentage points, of net adverse reserve development on prior accident years, including $1.2 million of net adverse reserve development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $3.3 million of net favorable reserve development from the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $5.3 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

The combined ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was 96.9%. The combined ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes $386,000, or 0.1 percentage points, of net favorable reserve development on prior accident years, including $1.2 million of net favorable reserve development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $1.5 million of net favorable reserve development from the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $2.3 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.

The combined ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was 97.5%. The combined ratio included $1.7 million, or 0.5 percentage points, of net favorable reserve development on prior accident years, including $4.7 million of net favorable reserve development from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, $907,000 of net adverse reserve development from the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and $2.1 million of net adverse reserve development from the Casualty Reinsurance segment.Expense Ratios

Our expense ratio improved from ~~27.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 to~~ 24.0% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2018 to 22.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The improvement is due to ~~a 27.5%~~an 8.7% increase in the net earned premiums of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment ~~and an increase~~including in ~~gross fee income for the Company as a whole.~~lines of business which carry relatively low expenses or that have meaningful ceding commissions. Our Excess and Surplus Lines segment has significant scale and produces a lower expense ratio than our other operating segments. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment is our largest segment and makes up ~~65.8%~~75.2% of consolidated net earned premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 65.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Gross fee income for the Company ~~increased~~declined from ~~$12.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 to~~ $15.6 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~

~~All of~~2018 to $12.6 million for the Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries are party to an intercompany pooling agreement that distributes the net underwriting results among the group companies based on their approximate pro-rata level of statutory capital and surplus to the total Company statutory capital and surplus. Additionally, each of the Company’s U.S.-domiciled insurance subsidiaries is a party to a quota share reinsurance agreement that in prior periods ceded 70% of their premiums and losses to JRG Re, and starting January 1, 2018, ceded 70% of their premiums and losses to Carolina Re, an Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Section 953(d) U.S. tax paying entity domiciled in Bermuda. JRG Re also provides stop loss reinsurance to Carolina Re. We report all segment information in this ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ prior to the effects of intercompany reinsurance, consistent with the manner in which we evaluate the operating performance of our reportable segments.six months ended June 30, 2019.

Premiums

Insurance premiums are earned ratably over the terms of our insurance policies, generally twelve months. Reinsurance premiums assumed are earned over the terms of the underlying policies or reinsurance contracts. ~~Contracts and policies~~Reinsurance contracts written on a “losses occurring” basis cover claims that may occur during the term of the contract or underlying insurance policy, which is typically twelve months. ~~Contracts~~Reinsurance contracts which are written on a “risks attaching” basis cover claims which attach to the underlying insurance policies written during the terms of such contracts. Premiums earned on such contracts usually extend beyond the original term of the reinsurance contract, typically resulting in recognition of premiums earned over a 24-month period in proportion to the level of underlying exposure.

The following table summarizes the change in premium volume by component and business segment:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%		Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%
	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change		2019		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change
	($ in thousands)												($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums:
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	165,398	$	138,004	19.9	%	$	332,884	$	246,999	34.8	%	$	260,277	$	165,398	57.4	%	$	446,826	$	332,884	34.2	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	97,100		76,771		26.5	%	184,501		149,235		23.6	%	89,472		97,100		(7.9	)%	192,425		184,501		4.3	%
Casualty Reinsurance	30,880		66,700		(53.7	)%	74,109		109,420		(32.3	)%	30,254		30,880		(2.0	)%	68,086		74,109		(8.1	)%
	$	293,378	$	281,475	4.2	%	$	591,494	$	505,654	17.0	%	$	380,003	$	293,378	29.5	%	$	707,337	$	591,494	19.6	%
Net written premiums:
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	143,235	$	124,197	15.3	%	$	297,166	$	221,168	34.4	%	$	195,624	$	143,235	36.6	%	$	350,485	$	297,166	17.9	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	14,487		16,900		(14.3	)%	28,305		34,959		(19.0	)%	14,034		14,487		(3.1	)%	29,055		28,305		2.6	%
Casualty Reinsurance	30,884		66,727		(53.7	)%	74,113		109,607		(32.4	)%	30,252		30,884		(2.0	)%	68,111		74,113		(8.1	)%
	$	188,606	$	207,824	(9.2	)%	$	399,584	$	365,734	9.3	%	$	239,910	$	188,606	27.2	%	$	447,651	$	399,584	12.0	%
Net earned premiums:
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	139,127	$	117,268	18.6	%	$	269,098	$	211,117	27.5	%	$	150,921	$	139,127	8.5	%	$	292,593	$	269,098	8.7	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	14,266		17,760		(19.7	)%	27,606		34,013		(18.8	)%	13,086		14,266		(8.3	)%	25,446		27,606		(7.8	)%
Casualty Reinsurance	54,817		49,049		11.8	%	112,448		93,634		20.1	%	35,107		54,817		(36.0	)%	71,227		112,448		(36.7	)%
	$	208,210	$	184,077	13.1	%	$	409,152	$	338,764	20.8	%	$	199,114	$	208,210	(4.4	)%	$	389,266	$	409,152	(4.9	)%

Gross written premiums for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment (which represents ~~56.3%~~63.2% of our consolidated gross written premiums in the ~~first~~ six months ~~of 2018)~~ended June 30, 2019) increased ~~19.9%~~57.4% and ~~34.8%~~34.2% over the corresponding three and six month periods in the prior year. Excluding commercial auto policies, gross written premiums increased ~~15.3%~~81.2% and ~~24.6%~~41.7% over the corresponding three and six month periods in the prior year. Policy submissions excluding commercial auto policies were ~~9.0%~~18.7% higher and ~~9.5%~~22.9% more policies were bound in the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 than in the six months ended June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. Rates for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment were up 4.2% compared to the six months ended June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. The change in gross written premiums compared to the same ~~period~~periods in ~~2017~~2018 was ~~most~~ notable in ~~our Commercial Auto, Manufacturers and Contractors, General Casualty, Excess Casualty, Allied Health, and Energy~~several divisions as shown below:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%		Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%
	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change		2019		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change
	($ in thousands)												($ in thousands)
Commercial Auto	$	81,127	$	64,915	25.0	%	$	158,339	$	106,965	48.0	%	$	107,543	$	81,127	32.6	%	$	199,545	$	158,339	26.0	%
General Casualty													43,697		16,726		161.3	%	64,980		31,278		107.7	%
Manufacturers & Contractors	22,034		22,896		(3.8	)%	39,634		44,955		(11.8	)%	28,026		22,034		27.2	%	51,537		39,634		30.0	%
General Casualty	16,726		10,435		60.3	%	31,278		19,000		64.6	%
Excess Casualty	14,870		10,406		42.9	%	24,666		19,920		23.8	%	31,476		14,870		111.7	%	46,646		24,666		89.1	%
Excess Property													12,483		6,116		104.1	%	17,260		9,535		81.0	%
Energy													10,712		6,607		62.1	%	17,119		18,127		(5.6	)%
Allied Health	2,421		4,319		(43.9	)%	23,543		11,177		110.6	%	5,377		2,421		122.1	%	14,633		23,543		(37.8	)%
Energy	6,607		7,017		(5.8	)%	18,127		12,872		40.8	%
All other divisions	21,613		18,016		20.0	%	37,297		32,110		16.2	%	20,963		15,497		35.3	%	35,106		27,762		26.5	%
Excess and Surplus Lines gross written premium	$	165,398	$	138,004	19.9	%	$	332,884	$	246,999	34.8	%	$	260,277	$	165,398	57.4	%	$	446,826	$	332,884	34.2	%

The Commercial Auto division is focused on underwriting the hired and non-owned auto liability exposures for a variety of industry segments with a particular niche for insuring organizations that operate networks connecting independent contractors with customers.

The components of gross written premiums for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment (which represents ~~31.2%~~27.2% of our consolidated gross written premiums for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018)~~2019) are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%		Three Months Ended June 30,				%		Six Months Ended June 30,				%
	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change		2019		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change
	($ in thousands)												($ in thousands)
Individual risk workers’ compensation premium	$	12,808	$	9,774	31.0	%	$	25,395	$	21,573	17.7	%	$	15,988	$	12,808	24.8	%	$	32,981	$	25,395	29.9	%
Fronting and program premium	84,292		66,997		25.8	%	159,106		127,662		24.6	%	73,484		84,292		(12.8	)%	159,444		159,106		0.2	%
Specialty Admitted gross written premium	$	97,100	$	76,771	26.5	%	$	184,501	$	149,235	23.6	%	$	89,472	$	97,100	(7.9	)%	$	192,425	$	184,501	4.3	%

Individual risk workers’ compensation premium growth was driven by exposure growth from higher payrolls of our insureds in a strong economy and increased submission flow.

~~The premium~~Our fronting business saw growth in ~~our~~three new fronting relationships that generated $21.7 million and ~~program business was driven by growth in the gross written premium from our largest agency relationship, which produced $106.7~~$49.6 million of gross written premium ~~for~~in the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018, up from $76.7~~2019, respectively, compared to $3.8 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2017.~~

~~A significant portion~~2018. Our largest agency relationship experienced a decline in production in 2019 producing $37.5 million and $77.7 million of ~~the fronting business is ceded to third party reinsurers. As a result, our fronting net written premium for this segment increased by less than our~~ gross written ~~premiums, increasing 2.7% and 4.9%~~premium for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018, respectively.~~2019, respectively, (down from $57.9 million and $106.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018) and representing 40.4% of the segment's gross written premium in the six months ended June 30, 2019 down from 57.8% in the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Gross written premiums for the Casualty Reinsurance segment (which represents ~~12.5%~~9.6% of our consolidated gross written premiums in the first six months of ~~2018)~~2019) decreased ~~53.7%~~2.0% and ~~32.3%~~8.1% from the corresponding three and six month periods in the prior year. The reduction in gross written premium in this segment was in line with our expectations and is consistent with our planned reductions for the Casualty Reinsurance segment as we redeploy our capital to where we believe we can make the highest operating returns on tangible equity. The Casualty Reinsurance segment generally writes large casualty-focused treaties that are expected to have lower volatility relative to property and catastrophe treaties. We rarely write stand-alone property reinsurance. When treaties that include property exposure are written, we utilize property occurrence caps, inuring reinsurance protection and low individual risk limits to minimize exposure.

Net Retention

The ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums is referred to as our net premium retention. Our net premium retention is summarized by segment as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2019		2018		2019		2018
Excess and Surplus Lines	86.6	%	90.0	%	89.3	%	89.5	%	75.2	%	86.6	%	78.4	%	89.3	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	14.9	%	22.0	%	15.3	%	23.4	%	15.7	%	14.9	%	15.1	%	15.3	%
Casualty Reinsurance	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.2	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Total	64.3	%	73.8	%	67.6	%	72.3	%	63.1	%	64.3	%	63.3	%	67.6	%

The net premium retention for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the prior year periods due to growth in written premium in the Excess Casualty and Excess Property underwriting divisions, which have higher percentages of ceded premium than our other divisions, and due to the segment ceding $26.5 million and $37.6 million of commercial auto written premium in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $2.3 million in both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The net premium retention for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment ~~decreased from 2017~~has been relatively stable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to ~~2018 as a result of growth~~the respective periods in the ~~segment's~~prior year. The fronting business ~~which~~ generally has much lower net premium retention than our workers’ compensation business. ~~Fronting gross written premium grew 25.8%~~The net retention on the segment’s fronting business was 9.4% and ~~24.6%~~9.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018 compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. For~~2019, respectively (9.9% and 10.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, ~~the net retention on the segment’s fronting business was 9.9% and 10.2%, respectively (12.1% in both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017,~~ respectively), while the net retention on the workers’ compensation business was ~~48.0% and 47.4%, respectively (89.9% and 90.2% in~~44.5% for both the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2017,~~2019 (48.0% and 47.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively). The significant decline in the net retention from the prior year on the workers' compensation business is due to the 50% third-party quota share reinsurance coverage purchased in this business effective October 1, 2017.

Underwriting Results

The following table compares our combined ratios by segment:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2019		2018		2019		2018
Excess and Surplus Lines	92.7	%	90.0	%	92.0	%	90.3	%	89.5	%	92.7	%	90.1	%	92.0	%
Specialty Admitted Insurance	93.1	%	96.9	%	90.5	%	95.9	%	90.1	%	93.1	%	88.5	%	90.5	%
Casualty Reinsurance	96.8	%	104.1	%	96.9	%	101.0	%	100.3	%	96.8	%	99.7	%	96.9	%
Total	97.3	%	97.7	%	96.9	%	97.5	%	95.2	%	97.3	%	95.7	%	96.9	%

Excess and Surplus Lines Segment

Results for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
	2018			2017			Change		2018			2017			Change		2019			2018			Change		2019			2018			Change
	($ in thousands)																($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	$	165,398		$	138,004		19.9	%	$	332,884		$	246,999		34.8	%	$	260,277		$	165,398		57.4	%	$	446,826		$	332,884		34.2	%
Net written premiums	$	143,235		$	124,197		15.3	%	$	297,166		$	221,168		34.4	%	$	195,624		$	143,235		36.6	%	$	350,485		$	297,166		17.9	%
Net earned premiums	$	139,127		$	117,268		18.6	%	$	269,098		$	211,117		27.5	%	$	150,921		$	139,127		8.5	%	$	292,593		$	269,098		8.7	%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(109,607		)	(86,521		)	26.7	%	(210,226		)	(153,089		)	37.3	%	(115,637		)	(109,607		)	5.5	%	(223,842		)	(210,226		)	6.5	%
Underwriting expenses	(19,403		)	(19,018		)	2.0	%	(37,456		)	(37,499		)	(0.1	)%	(19,474		)	(19,403		)	0.4	%	(39,839		)	(37,456		)	6.4	%
Underwriting profit (1), (2)	$	10,117		$	11,729		(13.7	)%	$	21,416		$	20,529		4.3	%	$	15,810		$	10,117		56.3	%	$	28,912		$	21,416		35.0	%
Ratios:
Loss ratio	78.8		%	73.8		%			78.1		%	72.5		%			76.6		%	78.8		%			76.5		%	78.1		%
Expense ratio	13.9		%	16.2		%			13.9		%	17.8		%			12.9		%	13.9		%			13.6		%	13.9		%
Combined ratio	92.7		%	90.0		%			92.0		%	90.3		%			89.5		%	92.7		%			90.1		%	92.0		%


(1)	Underwriting Profit is a non-GAAP Measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation to income before tax and for additional information.


(2)	Underwriting results include gross fee income of ~~$3.7~~$2.3 million and ~~$8.5~~$5.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively ($~~4.2~~3.7 million and ~~$8.1~~$8.5 million for the same periods in the prior year).

The loss ratio of 76.6% and 76.5% for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 each include $1.2 million (0.8 and 0.4 percentage points, respectively) of net adverse development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The loss ratio of 78.8% and 78.1% for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2018 includes $58,000 and $1.2 million (0.0 and 0.4 percentage points), respectively, of net favorable ~~development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The loss ratio of 73.8% and 72.5% for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2017 includes $1.4 million and $4.7 million (1.2 and 2.2 percentage points), respectively, in net favorable~~ reserve development in our loss estimates for prior accident years.

The expense ratio for this segment ~~declined~~decreased from ~~16.2% and 17.8% for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2017 to~~ 13.9% for both the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018. The decrease in the expense ratio is attributable~~2018 to ~~the increase in net earned premium of 18.6%~~12.9% and ~~27.5%~~13.6% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, ~~without a proportional increase~~as the growth in net earned premium in the ~~total amount of operating~~three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 exceeded the growth in underwriting expenses. Gross fee income contributed to a reduction in the expense ratio of ~~2.6~~1.5 and ~~3.2~~1.7 percentage points for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively ~~(3.6~~(2.6 and ~~3.8~~3.2 percentage points for the same periods in the prior year).

~~The reduced expense ratio and higher loss ratio in this segment is due to the increase in commercial auto premium as a percentage of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment’s total premium.~~ Our commercial auto business generally has a lower expense ratio and higher loss ratio than the other underwriting divisions in the segment. Commercial auto made up ~~57.3%~~53.1% and ~~57.0%~~54.6% of the segment’s net earned premiums for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively ~~(53.6%~~(57.3% and ~~50.2%~~57.0% for the same periods in the prior year).

As a result of the items discussed above, the underwriting profit of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment ~~decreased 13.7%~~increased 56.3% and ~~increased 4.3%~~35.0%, from ~~$11.7 million and $20.5 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2017, respectively, to~~ $10.1 million and $21.4 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018.~~2018, respectively, to $15.8 million and $28.9 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019, respectively.

Specialty Admitted Insurance Segment

Results for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
	2018			2017			Change		2018			2017			Change		2019			2018			Change		2019			2018			Change
	($ in thousands)																($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	$	97,100		$	76,771		26.5	%	$	184,501		$	149,235		23.6	%	$	89,472		$	97,100		(7.9	)%	$	192,425		$	184,501		4.3	%
Net written premiums	$	14,487		$	16,900		(14.3	)%	$	28,305		$	34,959		(19.0	)%	$	14,034		$	14,487		(3.1	)%	$	29,055		$	28,305		2.6	%
Net earned premiums	$	14,266		$	17,760		(19.7	)%	$	27,606		$	34,013		(18.8	)%	$	13,086		$	14,266		(8.3	)%	$	25,446		$	27,606		(7.8	)%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(9,426		)	(11,867		)	(20.6	)%	(17,037		)	(21,848		)	(22.0	)%	(8,402		)	(9,426		)	(10.9	)%	(15,604		)	(17,037		)	(8.4	)%
Underwriting expenses	(3,852		)	(5,340		)	(27.9	)%	(7,958		)	(10,770		)	(26.1	)%	(3,386		)	(3,852		)	(12.1	)%	(6,921		)	(7,958		)	(13.0	)%
Underwriting profit (1), (2)	$	988		$	553		78.7	%	$	2,611		$	1,395		87.2	%	$	1,298		$	988		31.4	%	$	2,921		$	2,611		11.9	%
Ratios:
Loss ratio	66.1		%	66.8		%			61.7		%	64.2		%			64.2		%	66.1		%			61.3		%	61.7		%
Expense ratio	27.0		%	30.1		%			28.8		%	31.7		%			25.9		%	27.0		%			27.2		%	28.8		%
Combined ratio	93.1		%	96.9		%			90.5		%	95.9		%			90.1		%	93.1		%			88.5		%	90.5		%


(1)	Underwriting Profit is a non-GAAP Measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation to income before tax and for additional information.


(2)	Underwriting results include gross fee income of ~~$3.7~~$3.8 millionand ~~$7.1~~$7.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively ($~~2.7~~3.7 million and ~~$4.7~~$7.1 million for the same periods in the prior year).

The loss ratio of ~~66.1%~~64.2% and ~~61.7%~~61.3% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018~~2019 includes ~~$167,000~~$1.2 million and ~~$1.5~~$3.3 million ~~(1.2~~(9.5 and ~~5.4~~12.8 percentage points), respectively, of net favorable development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The favorable reserve development in ~~2018~~2019 reflects the fact that actual loss emergence of the workers’ compensation book has been better than expected. The loss ratio of ~~66.8%~~66.1% and ~~64.2%~~61.7% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2017~~2018 includes ~~$949,000~~$167,000 and ~~$907,000 (5.3~~$1.5 million (1.2 and ~~2.7~~5.4 percentage points), respectively, inof net ~~adverse~~favorable reserve development in our loss estimates for prior accident years.

The expense ratio of the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment was ~~27.0%~~25.9% and ~~28.8%~~27.2% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018~~2019 compared to the prior year ratios of ~~30.1%~~27.0% and ~~31.7%~~28.8%, respectively. ~~The expense ratio declined in 2018 for this segment due to gross~~Gross fee income from the fronting business ~~which~~ increased ~~39.7%~~2.9% and ~~49.5%~~7.8% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018~~2019 compared to the same periods in the prior ~~year and to ceding commissions received on the 50% third-party quota share reinsurance coverage purchased on individual risk workers' compensation business effective October 1, 2017.~~year.

As a result of the items discussed above, the underwriting profit of the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment increased ~~78.7%~~31.4% and ~~87.2%~~11.9% from ~~$553,000 and $1.4 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2017, respectively, to~~ $988,000 and $2.6 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018.~~2018, respectively, to $1.3 million and $2.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

Casualty Reinsurance Segment

Results for the Casualty Reinsurance segment are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%		Three Months Ended June 30,						%		Six Months Ended June 30,						%
	2018			2017			Change		2018			2017			Change		2019			2018			Change		2019			2018			Change
	($ in thousands)																($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums	$	30,880		$	66,700		(53.7	)%	$	74,109		$	109,420		(32.3	)%	$	30,254		$	30,880		(2.0	)%	$	68,086		$	74,109		(8.1	)%
Net written premiums	$	30,884		$	66,727		(53.7	)%	$	74,113		$	109,607		(32.4	)%	$	30,252		$	30,884		(2.0	)%	$	68,111		$	74,113		(8.1	)%
Net earned premiums	$	54,817		$	49,049		11.8	%	$	112,448		$	93,634		20.1	%	$	35,107		$	54,817		(36.0	)%	$	71,227		$	112,448		(36.7	)%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(35,562		)	(32,696		)	8.8	%	(71,104		)	(61,516		)	15.6	%	(23,014		)	(35,562		)	(35.3	)%	(47,534		)	(71,104		)	(33.1	)%
Underwriting expenses	(17,526		)	(18,376		)	(4.6	)%	(37,871		)	(33,048		)	14.6	%	(12,193		)	(17,526		)	(30.4	)%	(23,466		)	(37,871		)	(38.0	)%
Underwriting profit (1)	$	1,729		$	(2,023	)	‒		$	3,473		$	(930	)	‒
Underwriting (loss) profit (1)																	$	(100	)	$	1,729		‒		$	227		$	3,473		(93.5	)%
Ratios:
Loss ratio	64.9		%	66.7		%			63.2		%	65.7		%			65.6		%	64.9		%			66.7		%	63.2		%
Expense ratio	31.9		%	37.4		%			33.7		%	35.3		%			34.7		%	31.9		%			33.0		%	33.7		%
Combined ratio	96.8		%	104.1		%			96.9		%	101.0		%			100.3		%	96.8		%			99.7		%	96.9		%


(1)	Underwriting Profit is a non-GAAP Measure. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation to income before tax and for additional information.

The Casualty Reinsurance segment focuses on lower volatility, proportional reinsurance which requires larger ceding commissions resulting in a higher commission expense than in our other segments.

The loss ratio of ~~64.9%~~65.6% and ~~63.2%~~66.7% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018~~2019 includes $2.4 million and ~~$2.3~~$5.3 million ~~(4.5~~(6.7 and ~~2.0~~7.5 percentage points), respectively, of net adverse development in our loss estimates for prior accident years. The adverse reserve development was primarily related to losses from risk profiles and treaty structures that we no longer underwrite. The loss ratio of ~~66.7%~~64.9% and ~~65.7%~~63.2% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2017~~2018 includes ~~$2.2~~$2.4 million and ~~$2.1~~$2.3 million (4.5 and ~~2.2~~2.0 percentage points), respectively, inof net adverse reserve development in our loss estimates for prior accident ~~years, primarily resulting from the 2010 and 2012 contracts with one reinsured.~~years.

The expense ratio of the Casualty Reinsurance segment was ~~31.9%~~34.7% and ~~33.7%~~33.0% for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, compared to the prior year ratios of ~~37.4%~~31.9% and ~~35.3%~~33.7%, respectively. ~~The decrease in the expense ratio is attributable to the increase in net earned premium of 11.8% and 20.1% for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2018, respectively, without a proportional increase in the total amount of operating expenses. In addition, the expense ratio for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2017 was impacted by the correction of a contingent commission accrual and related commission expense, which increased underwriting expenses by $2.0 million in the three and six months endedJune 30, 2017.~~

As a result of the items discussed above, underwriting (loss) profit for the Casualty Reinsurance segment was $(100,000) and $227,000 for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 compared to $1.7 million and $3.5 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018, respectively, compared to underwriting losses of $2.0 million and $930,000 for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2017, respectively.~~2018.

Reserves

An indicator of reserve strength that we monitor closely is the percentage of our gross and net loss reserves that are comprised of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves.

The Company’s gross reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$1,468.4~~$1,783.3 million. Of this amount, ~~63.2%~~62.5% relates to amounts that are IBNR. This amount was ~~64.6%~~62.4% at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The Company’s gross reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses by segment are summarized as follows:


	Gross Reserves at June 30, 2018						Gross Reserves at June 30, 2019
	Case		IBNR		Total		Case		IBNR		Total
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	284,951	$	571,193	$	856,144	$	393,962	$	651,291	$	1,045,253
Specialty Admitted Insurance	147,371		195,623		342,994		167,970		297,180		465,150
Casualty Reinsurance	107,746		161,469		269,215		106,538		166,393		272,931
Total	$	540,068	$	928,285	$	1,468,353	$	668,470	$	1,114,864	$	1,783,334

At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the amount of net reserves of ~~$1,092.8~~$1,237.9 million that related to IBNR was ~~63.5%~~59.4%. This amount was ~~65.0%~~61.5% at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The Company’s net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses by segment are summarized as follows:


	Net Reserves at June 30, 2018						Net Reserves at June 30, 2019
	Case		IBNR		Total		Case		IBNR		Total
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	259,789	$	485,287	$	745,076	$	364,208	$	514,965	$	879,173
Specialty Admitted Insurance	35,541		49,000		84,541		34,549		55,281		89,830
Casualty Reinsurance	103,542		159,659		263,201		103,539		165,388		268,927
Total	$	398,872	$	693,946	$	1,092,818	$	502,296	$	735,634	$	1,237,930

Other Operating Expenses

In addition to the underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment, and the Casualty Reinsurance segment discussed previously, other operating expenses also ~~includes~~include the expenses of the Corporate and Other segment.

Corporate and Other Segment

Other operating expenses for the Corporate and Other segment include personnel costs associated with the Bermuda and U.S. holding companies, professional fees, and various other corporate expenses that are included in our calculation of our expense ratio and our combined ratio. Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment represent the expenses of both the

Bermuda and U.S. holding companies that were not reimbursed by our subsidiaries, including costs associated with our internal quota share, rating agencies and strategic initiatives. These costs vary from period-to-period based on the status of these initiatives.

~~For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the total~~Total operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment were $7.4 million and $15.3 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019, respectively, representing increases of 1.7% and 4.1% over the $7.3 million and ~~$6.1 million, respectively, representing a 19.9% increase over the prior year. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the total operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment were~~ $14.7 million ~~and $12.6 million, respectively, representing a 17.4% increase over~~of operating

expenses in the comparable prior ~~year.~~year periods. The increases were largely driven by compensation costs, including ~~stock~~share-based compensation expenses, associated with increases in headcount, partially offset by a decline in professional fees resulting from bringing certain legal and ~~costs associated with the formation and operations of Carolina Re (a new Class 3A reinsurer~~tax functions that ~~has made an irrevocable election to be taxed as a U.S. domestic corporation under Section 953(d) of the Code. See~~ ~~“Income Tax Expense”~~ ~~for additional discussions regarding this newly formed 953(d) reinsurer).~~were previously outsourced in-house.

Investing Results

Net investment income was ~~$16.1~~$17.5 million and ~~$29.4~~$37.0 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018, respectively,~~2019 compared to ~~$13.7~~$16.1 million and ~~$30.4~~$29.4 million for the same periods in the prior year. The change in our net investment income is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017		% Change		2019			2018		% Change		2019		2018		% Change
	($ in thousands)												($ in thousands)
Renewable energy LLCs	$	530	$	1,521	(65.2	)%	$	1,741	$	7,115	(75.5	)%	$	(13	)	$	530	‒		$	908	$	1,741	(47.8	)%
Other private investments	1,506		838		79.7	%	2,116		1,306		62.0	%	1,142			1,506		(24.2	)%	3,625		2,116		71.3	%
Other invested assets	2,036		2,359		(13.7	)%	3,857		8,421		(54.2	)%	1,129			2,036		(44.5	)%	4,533		3,857		17.5	%
All other net investment income	14,099		11,355		24.2	%	25,534		22,026		15.9	%	16,406			14,099		16.4	%	32,433		25,534		27.0	%
Total net investment income	$	16,135	$	13,714	17.7	%	$	29,391	$	30,447	(3.5	)%	$	17,535		$	16,135	8.7	%	$	36,966	$	29,391	25.8	%

~~Net investment~~The Company's private investments generated income ~~from renewable energy LLCs declined from $1.5~~of $1.1 million and ~~$7.1~~$4.5 million ~~in three and six months endedJune 30, 2017, respectively, to $530,000 and $1.7 million in~~for the three and six months endedJune 30, ~~2018, respectively. These investments are interests~~2019, respectively (compared to income of $2.0 million and $3.9 million in ~~certain limited liability companies that are managed by an affiliate of~~ the Company, and together, the carrying value of these investments was $32.2 million at June 30, 2018. Our interests in these companies are classified as “other invested assets” and the equity method is being used to account for the investments.respective prior year periods). Excluding private investments, our net investment income increased by ~~24.2%~~16.4% and ~~15.9%~~27.0% for the three and six months ending June 30, ~~2018, respectively,~~2019 over the same periods in the prior year. This increase in net investment income ~~was due to a 13.8% and 13.4% increase~~reflects growth in our ~~average cash~~fixed income portfolio of bonds and ~~invested assets for the three~~bank loans and ~~six months endedJune 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in the prior year, as well as increases in average~~higher investment yields. The average duration of our fixed maturity portfolio was ~~3.4~~3.5 years at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Major categories of the Company’s net investment income are summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
	($ in thousands)												($ in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities	$	7,733		$	6,420		$	15,101		$	13,190		$	10,157		$	7,733		$	19,647		$	15,101
Bank loan participations	5,435			4,639			8,552			8,251			5,162			5,435			10,226			8,552
Equity securities	1,346			1,229			2,674			2,457			1,295			1,346			2,632			2,674
Other invested assets	2,036			2,359			3,857			8,421			1,129			2,036			4,533			3,857
Cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and other	640			56			1,232			118			992			639			2,306			1,228
Trading (losses) gains	(1		)	(2		)	(4		)	1
Gross investment income	17,189			14,701			31,412			32,438			18,735			17,189			39,344			31,412
Investment expense	(1,054		)	(987		)	(2,021		)	(1,991		)	(1,200		)	(1,054		)	(2,378		)	(2,021		)
Net investment income	$	16,135		$	13,714		$	29,391		$	30,447		$	17,535		$	16,135		$	36,966		$	29,391

The following table summarizes our investment returns:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2019		2018		2019		2018
Annualized gross investment yield on:
Average cash and invested assets	4.1	%	4.0	%	3.8	%	4.4	%	3.9	%	4.1	%	4.2	%	3.8	%
Average fixed maturity securities	4.0	%	3.6	%	3.7	%	3.5	%	3.8	%	4.0	%	3.9	%	3.7	%

Of our total cash and invested assets of ~~$1,728.4~~$1,935.0 million at June 30, ~~2018, $267.4~~2019, $169.1 million represents the cash and cash equivalents portion of the portfolio. The majority of the portfolio, or ~~$1,021.4~~$1,332.0 million, is comprised of fixed maturity securities that are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses on these securities reported, net of applicable taxes, as a separate component of accumulated comprehensive income or loss. Also included in our investments are ~~$253.7~~$251.5 million of bank loan participations, ~~$84.0~~$87.5 million of equity securities, ~~$25.1~~$24.5 million of short-term investments, and ~~$76.8~~$70.4 million of other invested assets.

The ~~$253.7~~$251.5 million of bank loan participations in our investment portfolio are classified as held-for-investment and reported at amortized cost, net of anany allowance for credit ~~losses of~~ ~~$1.2 million~~.losses. Changes in this credit allowance are included in realized gains or losses.

At June 30, 2019, there was a $231,000 allowance for credit losses. These bank loan participations are primarily senior, secured floating-rate debt rated “BB”, “B”, or “CCC” by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized statistical rating organization, and are therefore below investment grade. Bank loans include assignments of and participations in, performing and non-performing senior corporate debt generally acquired through primary bank syndications and in secondary markets. They consist of, but are not limited to, term loans, the funded and unfunded portions of revolving credit loans, and similar loans and investments. At June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the fair market value of these securities was ~~$252.8~~$244.0 million and ~~$236.5~~$250.7 million, respectively.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized net realized and unrealized investment gains of $2.7 million ($1.1 million of realized and unrealized investment gains for the three months ended June 30, 2019) including $5.4 million of gains for the change in the fair value of equity securities, $1.8 million of realized losses for changes in the allowance for credit losses on impaired bank loans, $1.1 million of net realized investment losses on the sale of bank loan securities, and $374,000 of net realized investment gains on the sale of fixed maturity securities.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized net realized and unrealized investment losses of $874,000 ($64,000 of realized and unrealized investment losses for the three months ended June 30, 2018), including $1.2 million of losses for the change in the fair value of equity securities and $893,000 of net realized investment losses for changes in the allowance for credit losses on impaired bank loans, partially offset by $1.4 million of net realized investment gains on the sale of bank loan securities (including an $807,000 realized gain on the repayment of the loan to the producer and supplier of power in Puerto Rico described below)~~, and $893,000 of net realized investment losses from an increase in our bank loan credit allowance.~~

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized net realized investment gains of $1.4 million ($307,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2017), including $783,000 of net realized investment gains recognized on the sale of bank loan securities, $409,000 of net realized investment gains recognized on the sale of equity securities, and $135,000 of net realized investment gains from a reduction in our bank loan credit allowance..

In conjunction with its outside investment managers, the Company performs quarterly reviews of all securities within its investment portfolio to determine whether any impairment has occurred.

Management concluded that two loans from one issuer in the Company's bank loan portfolio were impaired as of June 30, 2019. At June 30, 2019, the impaired loans had a carrying value of $3.4 million, unpaid principal of $3.6 million, and an allowance for credit losses of $231,000. Management concluded that none of the loans in the Company's bank loan portfolio were impaired at December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2017, the Company held a participation in a loan ~~with unpaid principal of $807,000~~ issued by a company that produces and supplies power to Puerto Rico through a power purchase agreement with Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, ~~(“PREPA”),~~ a public corporation and governmental agency of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. ~~PREPA’s credit strength and ability to make timely payments had been impacted by~~Management concluded that the ~~economic conditions in Puerto Rico. The~~ loan was ~~scheduled to mature in November~~impaired at December 31, 2017 ~~but the issuer deferred payment until March 2018. Based on this deferral request~~ and ~~the uncertainty regarding repayment, management had concluded that~~established an allowance for credit losses ~~should be established~~ on the loan to reduce ~~its~~the loan's carrying value to $0zero at December 31, 2017. The unpaid principal on the loan was $807,000 at December 31, 2017. In the first quarter of 2018, the ~~remaining~~full outstanding principal ~~balance~~ on the loan was repaid and the Company recognized ana realized gain of $807,000 ~~realized investment gain associated with~~on the repayment.

Management ~~concluded that none of the fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss at June 30, 2018 experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. Management~~ does not intend to sell other available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these other securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs.

The amortized cost and fair value of our ~~investments in~~ available-for-sale fixed maturity securities were as follows:

June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Cost or
Amortized
Cost Fair
Value % of
Total
Fair Value Cost or
Amortized
Cost Fair
Value % of
Total
Fair Value
($ in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:

State and municipal $ 137,055
$ 138,373
12.5 % $ 139,382
$ 144,366
13.1 %
Residential mortgage-backed 190,574
184,751
16.7 % 160,379
158,661
14.4 %
Corporate 439,993
430,345
38.9 % 408,857
413,721
37.7 %
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 177,286
174,442
15.8 % 182,595
182,611
16.6 %
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 5,702
5,689
0.5 % 35,948
35,847
3.3 %
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 87,143
85,797
7.8 % 79,476
78,874
7.2 %
Redeemable preferred stock 2,025
1,990
0.2 % 2,025
2,018
0.2 %
Total 1,039,778
1,021,387
92.4 % 1,008,662
1,016,098
92.5 %
Equity securities:

Preferred stock 58,818
64,866
5.9 % 59,102
66,281
6.0 %
Common stock 19,177
19,143
1.7 % 16,216
16,241
1.5 %
Total 77,995
84,009
7.6 % 75,318
82,522
7.5 %
Total investments $ 1,117,773
$ 1,105,396
100.0 % $ 1,083,980
$ 1,098,620
100.0 %



	June 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value
	($ in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
State and municipal	$	130,215	$	138,250	10.4	%	$	147,160	$	149,295	12.6	%
Residential mortgage-backed	249,452		249,758		18.8	%	208,869		204,109		17.2	%
Corporate	590,233		606,274		45.4	%	534,024		524,768		44.3	%
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	216,771		220,076		16.5	%	199,528		197,025		16.6	%
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government	114,250		115,633		8.7	%	107,803		107,193		9.1	%
Redeemable preferred stock	2,025		2,051		0.2	%	2,025		1,812		0.2	%
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	1,302,946	$	1,332,042	100.0	%	$	1,199,409	$	1,184,202	100.0	%

The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s portfolio of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities ~~(both available-for-sale and trading)~~ by rating as of June 30, ~~2018~~2019:


Standard & Poor’s or Equivalent Designation	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)				($ in thousands)
AAA	$	173,971	17.0	%	$	224,134	16.8	%
AA	411,653		40.3	%	518,320		38.9	%
A	328,563		32.2	%	460,757		34.6	%
BBB	107,200		10.5	%	123,533		9.3	%
Below BB and unrated					5,298		0.4	%
Total	$	1,021,387	100.0	%	$	1,332,042	100.0	%

At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, our portfolio of fixed maturity securities contained corporate fixed maturity securities (available-for-sale) with a fair value of ~~$430.3~~$606.3 million. A summary of these securities by industry segment is shown below as of June 30, ~~2018~~2019:


Industry	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)				($ in thousands)
Industrials and Other	$	116,581	27.0	%	$	141,454	23.3	%
Financial	71,756		16.7	%	160,736		26.5	%
Consumer Discretionary	67,785		15.8	%	85,891		14.2	%
Health Care	63,750		14.8	%	91,673		15.1	%
Consumer Staples	55,980		13.0	%	63,368		10.5	%
Utilities	54,493		12.7	%	63,152		10.4	%
Total	$	430,345	100.0	%	$	606,274	100.0	%

Corporate fixed maturity securities (both available-for-sale and trading) include publicly traded securities and privately placed bonds as shown below as of June 30, ~~2018~~2019:


Public/Private	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)				($ in thousands)
Publicly traded	$	399,681	92.9	%	$	539,740	89.0	%
Privately placed	30,664		7.1	%	66,534		11.0	%
Total	$	430,345	100.0	%	$	606,274	100.0	%

The amortized cost and fair value of our available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities summarized by contractual maturity are as follows:


	June 30, 2018						June 30, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total Value
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Due in:
One year or less	$	40,895	$	40,760	4.0	%	$	46,982	$	47,016	3.5	%
After one year through five years	317,761		312,999		30.6	%	481,646		490,856		36.8	%
After five years through ten years	193,545		187,368		18.3	%	210,431		218,335		16.4	%
After ten years	117,692		119,077		11.7	%	95,639		103,950		7.8	%
Residential mortgage-backed	190,574		184,751		18.1	%	249,452		249,758		18.8	%
Commercial mortgage and asset-backed	177,286		174,442		17.1	%	216,771		220,076		16.5	%
Redeemable preferred stock	2,025		1,990		0.2	%	2,025		2,051		0.2	%
Total	$	1,039,778	$	1,021,387	100.0	%	$	1,302,946	$	1,332,042	100.0	%

At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had no investments in securitizations of alternative-A mortgages or sub-prime mortgages.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was ~~$2.9~~$2.7 million and ~~$2.2~~$2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively ($5.5 million ~~and $4.3 million~~ for each of the respective six month periods). ~~The increase in interest expense over the prior year reflects higher LIBOR rates and a $10.0 million increase in Senior Debt outstanding.~~ See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Sources and Uses of Funds” for more information regarding our senior bank debt ~~facility~~facilities and trust preferred securities.

Amortization of Intangibles

The Company recorded $149,000 and $298,000 of amortization of intangible assets for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ respectively.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate fluctuates from period to period based on the relative mix of income reported by country and the respective tax rates imposed by each tax jurisdiction. For the three months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, our U.S. federal income tax expense was ~~8.2%~~18.6% and ~~6.5%~~8.2% of income before taxes, respectively ~~(8.4%~~(14.7% and ~~7.2%~~8.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively). The effective tax rates for the three and ~~2017, respectively).~~six months ended June 30, 2019 were elevated due to changes in reserve estimates between accident years in the commercial auto business, and the related impact on the mix of income reported by country. For U.S.-sourced income, the Company’s U.S. federal income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income before taxes due primarily to interest income on tax-advantaged state and municipal securities, ~~(state and municipal securities represent 12.5% and 12.3% of our available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively),~~ dividends received income, and excess tax benefits on share based compensation. Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 reflects both the reduction in the enacted U.S. Federal tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018 as a result of Public Law No. 115-97, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), and the changes in our organizational structure in response to the Tax Act.

In response to the Tax Act, we made changes to our structure in 2018 to minimize the impact of the base erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) that included the formation of Carolina Re, a Bermuda-domiciled, wholly-owned subsidiary of James River Group, Inc. Carolina Re is a Class 3A reinsurer and made an irrevocable election to be taxed as a U.S. domestic corporation under Section 953(d) of the Code. Effective January 1, 2018, we generally discontinued ceding 70% of our U.S.-written premiums to JRG Re and instead ceded 70% of our U.S.-written premiums to Carolina Re. Carolina Re also entered into a stop loss reinsurance agreement with JRG Re. While Carolina Re is subject to U.S. corporate income tax, we will not be subject to BEAT in 2018 if we have sufficient regular U.S. income tax liability compared to the BEAT liability. The applicability of BEAT depends on a number of factors, and it is uncertain whether we will be subject to BEAT in future periods.

Financial results reflect provisional amounts related to the December 2017 enactment of the Tax Act. These provisional estimates are based on the Company’s initial analysis and current interpretation of the legislation. Given the complexity of the legislation, anticipated guidance from the U.S. Treasury, and the potential for additional guidance from the SEC or the Financial Accounting Standards Board, these estimates may be adjusted during 2018.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Sources and Uses of Funds

Dividends

We are organized as a Bermuda holding company with our operations conducted by our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Accordingly, our holding company may receive cash through loans from banks, issuance of ~~equity and debt securities,~~common shares, borrowings on our credit facilities, corporate service fees or dividends received from our subsidiaries, and/or other transactions. Our U.S. holding company may receive cash in a similar manner and also through payments from our subsidiaries pursuant to our U.S. consolidated tax allocation agreement.

The payment of dividends by our subsidiaries to us is limited by statute. In general, the laws and regulations applicable to our domestic insurance subsidiaries limit the aggregate amount of dividends or other distributions that they may declare or pay within any 12-month period without advance regulatory approval. Generally, the limitations are based on the greater of statutory net income for the preceding year or 10.0% of statutory surplus at the end of the preceding year. In addition, insurance regulators have broad powers to prevent the reduction of statutory surplus to inadequate levels and could refuse to permit the payment of dividends calculated under any applicable formula. The maximum amount of dividends available to the U.S. holding company from our U.S. insurance subsidiaries during 2019 without regulatory approval is $24.2 million.

The Bermuda Insurance Act of 1978 prohibits an insurer from declaring or paying a dividend if it is in breach of its minimum solvency margin, its enhanced capital requirement, or its minimum liquidity ratio, or if the declaration or payment of such dividend would cause such a breach. An insurer can declare or pay dividends without prior regulatory approval up to 25% of the total statutory capital and surplus. The maximum combined amount of dividends and return of capital available to us from ~~JRG Re~~our Bermuda insurers in ~~2018~~2019 is calculated to be approximately ~~$102.3~~$109.8 million. However, any dividend payment is contingent upon continued compliance with Bermuda regulatory requirements, including but not limited to the enhanced solvency requirement calculations. The maximum amount of dividends available to the U.S. holding company from our U.S. insurance subsidiaries during 2018 without regulatory approval is $37.0 million. In the three months ended June 30, 2018, a $15.0 million dividend was paid to the U.S. holding company by James River Insurance Company.

At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Bermuda holding company had ~~$1.7~~$2.0 million of cash and cash equivalents. The U.S. holding company had ~~$55.8~~$52.3 million of cash and invested assets, comprised of cash and cash equivalents of ~~$5.9 million, short-term investments of $1.2~~$5.0 million and other invested assets of ~~$48.7~~$47.3 million, which are not subject to regulatory restrictions. Additionally, our U.K. intermediate holding company had no invested assets and cash of less than ten thousand dollars at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Our net written premium to surplus ratio (defined as the ratio of net written premiums to regulatory capital and surplus) is reviewed by management as well as our rating agency as a ~~component~~measure of leverage and efficiency of deployed capital. For the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, our annualized net written premium to surplus ratio was 1.2 to 1.0 and 1.1 to ~~1.0.~~1.0, respectively.

Credit Agreements

The Company has a $215.0 million senior revolving credit facility ~~(the “Facility”~~(as amended or amended and restated, the “2013 Facility”). The 2013 Facility is comprised of the following at June 30, ~~2018:~~2019:

A $102.5 million secured revolving facility used by JRG Re to issue letters of credit for the benefit of third-party reinsureds. This portion of our credit facility is secured by our investment securities. At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had ~~$100.2~~$65.8 million of letters of credit issued under the secured facility.

A $112.5 million unsecured revolving facility to meet the working capital needs of the Company. All unpaid principal on the revolver is due at maturity. Interest accrues quarterly and is payable in arrears at 3-month LIBOR plus a margin which is currently 1.5% and is subject to change according to terms in the credit agreement. At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had a drawn balance of $73.3 million outstanding on the unsecured revolver.

The ~~facility~~2013 Facility has been amended from time to time since its inception in 2013. On December 7, 2016, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement for the 2013 Facility which, among other things, extended the maturity date of the 2013 Facility until December 7, 2021 and modified other terms including reducing the rate of interest and reducing the number of financial covenants. On June 8, 2017, the Company entered into a First Amendment to the 2013 Facility, which among other things, modified the financial covenants and increased the amount of additional debt the Company may incur under new financings, subject to compliance with certain conditions.

The ~~senior revolving credit facility~~2013 Facility contains certain financial and other covenants (including risk-based capital, minimum shareholders’ equity levels, maximum ratios of total debt outstanding to total capitalization and minimum fixed charge coverage ratios) with which the Company is in compliance at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

On August 2, 2017, the Company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, JRG Re, together as borrowers, entered into a credit agreement (the "2017 Facility") that provides the Company with a revolving line of credit of up to $100 million, which may be used for loans and letters of credit made or issued, at the borrowers' option, on a secured or unsecured basis. Obligations under the ~~credit agreement will~~2017 Facility carry a variable rate of interest subject to terms in the credit agreement and will mature 30 days after notice of termination from the lender. The ~~credit agreement~~2017 Facility contains certain financial and other covenants with which we are in compliance at June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The loans and letters of credit made or issued under the revolving line of credit of the 2017 Facility may be used to finance the borrowers' general

corporate purposes. At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, unsecured loans of $10.0 million and secured letters of credit totaling ~~$6.9~~$5.3 million were outstanding on the ~~facility.~~2017 Facility.

In May 2004, we issued $15.0 million of senior debt due April 29, ~~2034, with net proceeds to us of $14.5 million.~~2034. The senior debt is not redeemable by the holder or subject to sinking fund requirements. Interest accrues quarterly and is payable in arrears at a floating rate per annum equal to the 3-month LIBOR plus 3.85%. This senior debt is redeemable at par prior to its stated maturity at our option in whole or in part. The terms of the senior debt contain certain covenants, with which we are in compliance at June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and which, among other things, restrict our ability to assume senior indebtedness secured by our U.S. holding company’s common stock or its subsidiaries’ capital stock or to issue shares of its subsidiaries’ capital stock.

WeFrom May 2004 through January 2008, we sold trust preferred securities through five Delaware statutory trusts sponsored and wholly-owned by the Company or its subsidiaries. Each trust used the net proceeds from the sale of its trust preferred securities to purchase our floating-rate junior subordinated debt.

The following table summarizes the nature and terms of the junior subordinated debt and trust preferred securities outstanding at June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (including the Company’s repurchases of a portion of these trust preferred securities):



	James River Capital Trust I	James River Capital Trust II	James River Capital Trust III	James River Capital Trust IV	Franklin Holdings II (Bermuda) Capital Trust I
	($ in thousands)
Issue date	May 26, 2004	December 15, 2004	June 15, 2006	December 11, 2007	January 10, 2008
Principal amount of trust preferred securities	$7,000	$15,000	$20,000	$54,000	$30,000
Principal amount of junior subordinated debt	$7,217	$15,464	$20,619	$55,670	$30,928
Carrying amount of junior subordinated debt net of repurchases	$7,217	$15,464	$20,619	$44,827	$15,928
Maturity date of junior subordinated debt, unless accelerated earlier	May 24, 2034	December 15, 2034	June 15, 2036	December 15, 2037	March 15, 2038
Trust common stock	$217	$464	$619	$1,670	$928
Interest rate, per annum	Three-Month LIBOR plus 4.0%	Three-Month LIBOR plus 3.4%	Three-Month LIBOR plus 3.0%	Three-Month LIBOR plus 3.1%	Three-Month LIBOR plus 4.0%

All of the junior subordinated debt is currently redeemable at 100.0% of the unpaid principal amount at our option.

The junior subordinated debt contains certain covenants with which we are in compliance as of June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

At June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the ratio of total debt outstanding, including both senior debt and junior subordinated debt, to total capitalization (defined as total debt plus total stockholders’ equity) was ~~22.7%~~20.4% and ~~22.6%~~23.9%, respectively. Having debt as part of our capital structure allows us to generate a higher return on equity and greater book value per share results than we could by using equity capital alone.

Ceded Reinsurance

Our insurance segments enter into reinsurance contracts to limit our exposure to potential losses arising from large risks, to protect against the aggregation of several risks in a common loss occurrence, and to provide additional capacity for growth. Our reinsurance is contracted under excess of loss and quota share reinsurance contracts. In excess of loss reinsurance, the reinsurer agrees to assume all or a portion of the ceding company’s losses in excess of a specified amount. The premiums payable to the reinsurer are negotiated by the parties based on their assessment of the amount of risk being ceded to the reinsurer because the reinsurer does not share proportionately in the ceding company’s losses. In quota share reinsurance, the reinsurer agrees to assume a specified percentage of the ceding company’s losses arising out of a defined class of business in exchange for a corresponding percentage of premiums. For the three months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, our net premium retention was ~~64.3%~~63.1% and ~~73.8%~~64.3%, respectively ~~(67.6%~~(63.3% and ~~72.3%~~67.6% for the six month periods, respectively).

The following is a summary of our Excess and Surplus Lines segment’s ~~ceded~~net retention after reinsurance ~~in place~~ as of June 30, ~~2018:~~2019:



		Company Retention
Casualty
Primary Specialty Casualty, including Professional Liability		Up to $1.0 million per occurrence, subject to a $1.0 million aggregate deductible.
Primary Casualty		Up to $2.0 million per occurrence. (1)
Excess Casualty		Up to $1.0 million per occurrence. (2)
Property		Up to $5.0 million per event. (3)


(1)	Total exposure to any one claim is generally $1.0 million.


(2)	For policies with an occurrence limit ~~of $1.0~~up to $10.0 million, ~~or higher,~~ the excess casualty treaty is set such that our retention is ~~$1.0 million or less. For policies where we also write an underlying primary casualty policy, the net excess casualty limit is added to the primary limit and the retention remains the same at~~no more than $1.0 million.


(3)	The property catastrophe reinsurance treaty has a limit of $40.0 million with one reinstatement.

In our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, we write a small book of excess property insurance, but we do not write primary property insurance. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment has a surplus share reinsurance treaty in effect that was specifically designed to cover property risks. The surplus share treaty along with facultative reinsurance helps ensure that our net retained limit per risk will be $5.0 million or less.

We use catastrophe modeling software to analyze the risk of severe losses from hurricanes and earthquakes on our exposure. We utilize the model in our risk selection, pricing, and to manage our overall portfolio probable maximum loss (“PML”) accumulations. A PML is an estimate of the amount we would expect to pay in any one catastrophe event within a given annual probability of occurrence (i.e. a return period or loss exceedance probability).

Based upon the modeling of our Excess and Surplus Lines segment, a $45.0 million gross catastrophe loss would exceed our 1 in 1,000 year PML. In the event of a $45.0 million gross property catastrophe loss to the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, we estimate our pre-tax cost at approximately $7.1 million, including reinstatement premiums and net retentions. In addition to this retention, we would retain any losses in excess of our reinsurance coverage limits.

Effective March 1, 2019, our largest Commercial Auto ride share account is subject to an auto liability quota share reinsurance contract that contains a $10.0 million occurrence cap and an annual aggregate of 200% of subject premium.

The following is a summary of our Specialty Admitted Insurance segment’s ceded reinsurance in place as of June 30, 2019:



Line of Business		Coverage
Casualty
Workers’ Compensation		Quota share coverage for 50% of the first $600,000.⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾ Excess of loss coverage for $29.4 million in excess of $600,000.⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Auto Programs		Quota share coverage for 85-90% of limits up to $1.5 million liability and $5.0 million physical damage per occurrence
General Liability & Professional Liability – Programs		Quota share coverage for 90% - 100% of limits up to $2.0 million per occurrence.
Property
Commercial Property within Package - Programs		Quota share coverage for 100% of limits up to $25.0 million per occurrence.
Catastrophe Coverage		Excess of Loss coverage for $44.0 million in excess of $1.0 million

(1) Excluding one program which has quota share coverage for 89% of the first $1.0 million per occurrence and excess of loss coverage for $49.0 million in excess of $1.0 million.

(2) Includes any residual market pools.

Our Specialty Admitted Insurance segment purchases reinsurance for at least 50% of the exposed limits on specialty admitted property-casualty business. The segment enters into reinsurance contracts for the individual risk workers’ compensation business as well as fronting and program business. While the segment focuses on casualty business, incidental property risk is incurred in the fronting and program business. The segment is covered for $44.0 million in excess of $1.0 million per occurrence to manage its property exposure to an approximate 1 in 1,000 year PML.

~~The following is a summary of our Specialty Admitted Insurance segment��s ceded reinsurance in place as of June 30, 2018:~~



~~Line of Business~~		~~Coverage~~
~~Casualty~~
~~Workers’ Compensation~~		~~Excess of loss coverage for $29.4 million in excess of $600,000.~~ ~~(1)~~
~~Workers’ Compensation – Program~~		~~Quota share coverage for 50% of the first $600,000 per occurrence.~~ ~~(1)(2)~~
~~Commercial Auto – Program~~		~~Quota share coverage for 75% of $1.0 million per occurrence.~~
~~Commercial Auto – 3 Programs~~		~~Quota share coverage for 90% of $1.0 million per occurrence.~~
~~General Liability – Program~~		~~Quota share coverage for 90% of the first $1.0 million per occurrence and excess of loss coverage for $1.0 million in excess of $1.0 million per occurrence.~~
~~Property~~		~~Excess of loss coverage for $44.0 million in excess of $1.0 million.~~

~~(1) Excluding one program which has quota share coverage for 90% of the first $1.0 million per occurrence and excess of loss coverage for $49.0 million in excess of $1.0 million.~~

~~(2) Includes individual risk expansion states and any residual market pools.~~

In our Casualty Reinsurance segment, we also have limited property catastrophe exposure, primarily through auto physical damage coverage.

In the aggregate, we believe our pre-tax group-wide PML from a 1 in 1,000 year property catastrophe event would not exceed $10.0 million, inclusive of reinstatement premiums payable.

We also have a clash and contingency reinsurance treaty to cover both the Excess and Surplus Lines and Specialty Admitted Insurance segments in the event of a claims incident involving more than one of our insureds. The treaty covers ~~$6.0~~$10.0 million in excess of a $2.0 million retention for loss occurrences within the treaty term. This coverage has two reinstatements in the event we exhaust any of the coverage. As of June 30, 2019, our average net retained limit per risk is $2.5 million.

The Company’s insurance segments remain liable to policyholders if its reinsurers are unable to meet their contractual obligations under applicable reinsurance agreements. We establish allowances for amounts considered uncollectible. At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, there was no allowance for such uncollectible reinsurance recoverables. To minimize exposure to significant losses from reinsurance insolvencies, the Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentrations of credit risk. The Company generally seeks to purchase reinsurance from reinsurers with A.M. Best financial strength ratings of “A-” (Excellent) or better. The Company’s reinsurance contracts generally require reinsurers that are not authorized as reinsurers under U.S. state insurance regulations or that experience rating downgrades from rating agencies below specified levels to fund their share of the Company’s ceded outstanding losses and loss adjustment expense reserves, typically through the use of irrevocable and unconditional letters of credit. In fronting arrangements, which the Company conducts through its Specialty Admitted Insurance

segment, we are subject to credit risk with regard to insurance companies who act as reinsurers for us in such arrangements. We customarily require a collateral trust arrangement to secure the obligations of the insurance entity for whom we are fronting.

At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses of ~~$375.5~~$545.4 million and reinsurance recoverables on paid losses of ~~$13.4~~$39.8 million, and all material recoverable amounts were from companies with A.M. Best ratings of “A-” or better or collateral had been posted by the reinsurer for our benefit.

~~Credit Risk on~~ Amounts Recoverable from an Indemnifying Party

The Company is ~~also exposed to credit risk relating~~a party to a set of insurance contracts with an insured group of companies under which the Company pays losses and loss adjustment expenses on the contract. The Company has indemnity agreements with this group of insured parties (non-insurance entities) and is contractually entitled to receive reimbursement for a significant portion of the losses and loss adjustment expenses paid on behalf of the insured parties and other expenses incurred by the Company. The insured parties are required to collateralize all amounts currently due to the Company and to provide additional collateral sufficient to cover the amounts that may be recoverable under the indemnity agreements, including, among other things, case loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, IBNR loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, extra contractual obligations and excess of policy limits liabilities. ~~This~~The collateral is currently provided through a collateral trust arrangement established in favor of the Company by a captive insurance company affiliate of the insured group. At June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the cash equivalent collateral held in the collateral trust arrangement was approximately ~~$944.8~~$1,162.7 million, which exceeds the amount of claims receivable and unpaid reported losses and loss adjustment expenses outstanding. ~~This is a rapidly growing relationship, and as such, there is~~The Company has ongoing exposure to estimated losses and expenses on these contracts growing at a faster pace than growth in our collateral balances. In addition, we have credit exposure if our estimates of future losses and loss adjustment expenses and other amounts recoverable, which are the basis for establishing collateral balances, are lower than actual amounts paid or payable. The amount of our credit exposure in any of these instances could be material. To mitigate these risks, we closely and frequently monitor our exposure compared to our collateral held, and we request additional collateral when our analysis indicates that we have uncollateralized exposure.

Cash Flows

Our sources of funds consist primarily of premiums written, investment income, reinsurance recoveries, ~~and~~ proceeds ~~from offerings of debt and equity securities and~~ from sales and redemptions of ~~investments.~~investments, borrowings on our credit facilities, and the issuance of common shares. We use operating cash flows primarily to pay operating expenses, losses and loss adjustment expenses, reinsurance premiums, and income taxes. The following table summarizes our cash flows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	164,086		$	65,326		$	68,123		$	164,086
Investing activities	(43,732		)	(66,058		)	(37,470		)	(43,732		)
Financing activities	(16,482		)	(21,281		)	(33,985		)	(16,482		)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	$	103,872		$	(22,013	)	$	(3,332	)	$	103,872

~~The growth in cash~~Cash provided by operating activities ~~(from $65.3 million~~ for the six months ended June 30, ~~2017 to $164.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018)~~2019 and 2018 reflects ~~a $33.9 million increase in net written premium for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. In addition,~~ the growth in ~~reserves for losses~~our U.S. segments and ~~loss adjustment exceeded~~ the ~~growth in premiums receivable by $187.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $53.0 million in the~~

~~six months ended June 30, 2017. The~~ fact that we are collecting premiums receivable at a quicker rate than we are paying loss and loss adjustment ~~expenses has a favorable impact on our cash~~expenses. Cash provided by operating activities ~~for the six months ended June 30, 2018~~has declined compared to the ~~six months ended~~prior year due in part to reduced business writings in our Casualty Re segment.

Cash used in investing activities reflects our efforts to enhance the yield in our investment portfolio by investing available cash and cash equivalents into higher yielding fixed maturity securities and bank loan participations. Cash and cash equivalents comprised 8.7% and 15.5% of total cash and invested assets at June 30, ~~2017.~~2019 and 2018, respectively.

Cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 ~~and 2017~~ included ~~$18.0~~$18.3 million and ~~$17.7~~$18.0 million of dividends paid to shareholders, respectively. In addition, we repaid $20.0 million on our 2017 Facility in the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Ratings

The A.M. Best financial strength rating for our group’s regulated insurance subsidiaries is “A” (Excellent). This rating reflects A.M. Best’s opinion of our insurance subsidiaries’ financial strength, operating performance and ability to meet obligations to policyholders and is not an evaluation directed towards the protection of investors. The rating for our operating insurance and

reinsurance companies of “A” (Excellent) is the third highest rating of the thirteen ratings issued by A.M. Best and is assigned to insurers that have, in A.M. Best’s opinion, an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders.

The financial strength ratings assigned by A.M. Best have an impact on the ability of our regulated subsidiaries to attract and retain agents and brokers and on the risk profiles of the submissions for insurance that our subsidiaries receive. The “A” (Excellent) ratings assigned to our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries are consistent with our business plans and we believe allow our subsidiaries to actively pursue relationships with the agents and brokers identified in their marketing plans.

EQUITY

Share Based Compensation Expense

For the three months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the Company recognized ~~$1.7~~$1.8 million and ~~$1.8~~$1.7 million, respectively, of share based compensation expense ($~~3.1~~3.5 million and ~~$3.6~~$3.1 million for the respective six month periods). As of June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had ~~$11.9~~$12.0 million of unrecognized share based compensation expense expected to be charged to earnings over a weighted-average period of ~~2.1~~2.0 years.

Equity Incentive Plans

Options

The following table summarizes ~~the~~ option ~~activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:~~activity:


	Six Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018				2017				2019				2018
	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding:
Beginning of period	1,479,236		$	27.81	2,234,699		$	22.84	1,115,324		$	29.02	1,479,236		$	27.81
Granted	—		$	—	205,244		$	42.24	—		$	—	—		$	—
Exercised	(255,609	)	$	21.14	(443,114	)	$	18.72	(336,350	)	$	26.22	(255,609	)	$	21.14
Forfeited	(29,446	)	$	36.26	(50,062	)	$	27.97	(5,395	)	$	38.13	(29,446	)	$	36.26
End of period	1,194,181		$	29.04	1,946,767		$	25.69	773,579		$	30.18	1,194,181		$	29.04
Exercisable, end of period	876,816		$	26.59	992,395		$	20.95	717,610		$	29.24	876,816		$	26.59

All of the outstanding options vest over ~~two~~three or four years and have a contractual life of seven years from the original date of grant.

RSUs

The following table summarizes ~~the~~ RSU ~~activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:~~activity:


	Six Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018				2017				2019				2018
	Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested, beginning of period	178,882		$	37.93	196,800		$	24.38	300,142		$	39.22	178,882		$	37.93
Granted	214,907		$	39.81	119,312		$	42.19	178,556		$	42.08	214,907		$	39.81
Vested	(63,191	)	$	40.92	(39,113	)	$	32.01	(111,212	)	$	39.90	(63,191	)	$	40.92
Forfeited	(4,454	)	$	41.04	(19,743	)	$	24.06	(9,555	)	$	40.84	(4,454	)	$	41.04
Unvested, end of period	326,144		$	38.55	257,256		$	31.50	357,931		$	40.39	326,144		$	38.55

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

Reconciliation of Underwriting Profit

We believe that the disclosure of underwriting profit by individual segment and of the Company as a whole is useful to investors, analysts, rating agencies and other users of our financial information in evaluating our performance because our objective is to consistently earn underwriting profits. We evaluate the performance of our segments and allocate resources based primarily on underwriting profit. Our definition of underwriting profit may not be comparable to that of other companies.

The following table reconciles the underwriting profit by individual segment and for the entire Company to consolidated income before U.S. Federal income taxes:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands)												(in thousands)
Underwriting profit of the insurance segments:
Underwriting profit (loss) of the insurance segments:
Excess and Surplus Lines	$	10,117		$	11,729		$	21,416		$	20,529		$	15,810		$	10,117		$	28,912		$	21,416
Specialty Admitted Insurance	988			553			2,611			1,395			1,298			988			2,921			2,611
Casualty Reinsurance	1,729			(2,023		)	3,473			(930		)	(100		)	1,729			227			3,473
Total underwriting profit of insurance segments	12,834			10,259			27,500			20,994			17,008			12,834			32,060			27,500
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment	(7,307		)	(6,095		)	(14,738		)	(12,556		)	(7,433		)	(7,307		)	(15,339		)	(14,738		)
Underwriting profit (1)	5,527			4,164			12,762			8,438			9,575			5,527			16,721			12,762
Net investment income	16,135			13,714			29,391			30,447			17,535			16,135			36,966			29,391
Net realized investment (losses) gains	(64		)	307			(874		)	1,354
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments													1,063			(64		)	2,688			(874		)
Amortization of intangible assets	(149		)	(149		)	(298		)	(298		)	(149		)	(149		)	(298		)	(298		)
Other income and expenses	4			(257		)	108			(57		)	(378		)	4			(132		)	108
Interest expense	(2,946		)	(2,224		)	(5,468		)	(4,347		)	(2,684		)	(2,946		)	(5,492		)	(5,468		)
Income before taxes	$	18,507		$	15,555		$	35,621		$	35,537		$	24,962		$	18,507		$	50,453		$	35,621


(1)	Included in underwriting results for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 is gross fee income of ~~$7.4~~$6.2 million and $12.6 million, respectively ($7.4 million and $15.6 ~~million, respectively ($6.9 million and $12.8~~ million for the same periods in the prior year).

Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Operating Income

We define adjusted net operating income as net income excluding certain non-operating expenses such as net realized and unrealized investment gains and losses, expenses related to due diligence costs for various merger and acquisition activities, professional service fees related to the filing of registration statements for the offering of securities, severance costs associated with terminated employees and interest expense and other income and expenses on a leased building that we ~~are~~were previously deemed to own for accounting purposes. We use adjusted net operating income as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Adjusted net operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and our definition of adjusted net operating income may not be comparable to that of other companies.

Our income before taxes and net income ~~for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017~~ reconcile to our adjusted net operating income as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,										Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018				2017						2019						2018
	Income Before Taxes		Net Income		Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes		Net Income
	($ in thousands)										($ in thousands)
Income as reported	$	18,507	$	16,984	$	15,555		$	14,541		$	24,962		$	20,307		$	18,507	$	16,984
Net realized investment losses (gains)	64		98		(307		)	(248		)
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses											(1,063		)	(670		)	64		98
Other expenses	93		126		346			368			683			540			93		126
Interest expense on leased building the Company is deemed to own for accounting purposes	457		361		313			203
Interest expense on leased building the Company was previously deemed to own for accounting purposes											—			—			457		361
Adjusted net operating income	$	19,121	$	17,569	$	15,907		$	14,864		$	24,582		$	20,177		$	19,121	$	17,569


	Six Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018				2017						2019						2018
	Income Before Taxes		Net Income		Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes			Net Income			Income Before Taxes		Net Income
	($ in thousands)										($ in thousands)
Income as reported	$	35,621	$	32,617	$	35,537		$	32,991		$	50,453		$	43,035		$	35,621	$	32,617
Net realized investment losses (gains)	874		763		(1,354		)	(1,082		)
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses											(2,688		)	(1,685		)	874		763
Other expenses	97		146		232			268			683			540			97		146
Interest expense on leased building the Company is deemed to own for accounting purposes	775		612		625			406
Interest expense on leased building the Company was previously deemed to own for accounting purposes											—			—			775		612
Adjusted net operating income	$	37,367	$	34,138	$	35,040		$	32,583		$	48,448		$	41,890		$	37,367	$	34,138

Tangible Equity (per Share) and Pre Dividend Tangible Equity (per Share)

Key financial measures that we use to assess our longer term financial performance include the percentage growth in our tangible equity per share and our return on tangible equity. We believe tangible equity is a good measure to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure. For the six months ended June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, our tangible equity per share ~~decreased~~increased by ~~1.8%~~15.4%. Absent the ~~$18.1~~$18.3 million in dividends to shareholders in the six months ended June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, our tangible equity per share increased by ~~1.9%~~19.1% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. Our operating return on tangible shareholders’ equity was ~~14.5%~~15.7% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

We define tangible equity as the sum of shareholders’ equity less goodwill and intangible assets (net of amortization). Our definition of tangible equity may not be comparable to that of other companies, and it should not be viewed as a substitute for shareholders’ equity calculated in accordance with GAAP. The following table reconciles shareholders’ equity to tangible equity as of June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and reconciles tangible equity to tangible equity before dividends as of June 30, ~~2018:~~2019:


	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				June 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Equity		Equity per Share		Equity		Equity per Share		Equity		Equity per Share		Equity		Equity per Share
	($ in thousands, except share amounts)								($ in thousands, except share amounts)
Shareholders’ equity	$	689,243	$	23.04	$	694,699	$	23.39	$	791,050	$	26.08	$	709,241	$	23.65
Less:
Goodwill	181,831		6.08		181,831		6.12		181,831		5.99		181,831		6.06
Intangible assets	38,036		1.27		38,334		1.29		37,239		1.23		37,537		1.25
Tangible equity	$	469,376	$	15.69	$	474,534	$	15.98	$	571,980	$	18.86	$	489,873	$	16.34
Dividends to shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2018	18,109		0.60
Dividends to shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2019									18,339		0.60
Pre-dividend tangible equity	$	487,485	$	16.29					$	590,319	$	19.46

Table of Contents

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in equity prices, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Our consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities with estimated fair values that are subject to market risk. Our primary market risks have been interest rate risk associated with investments in fixed maturities and equity price risk associated with investments in equity securities. We do not have material exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity risk.

There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure. In connection with the preparation of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the CEO and CFO, as of June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our quarter ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

The effectiveness of any system of controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, and, as a result, there can be no assurance that our controls and procedures will detect all errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system will be attained.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are party to legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the outcome of such matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors in the quarter ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit Number		Description
3.1		Certificate of Incorporation of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.2		Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.3		Memorandum of Association of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.4		Certificate of Deposit of Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital, dated December 24, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.5		Certificate of Deposit of Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital, dated October 7, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-199958, filed with the Commission on November 7, 2014)

3.6		Third Amended and Restated Bye-Laws of James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 12, 2015, Commission File No. 001-36777)

10.1		~~Employment Agreement, dated April 2, 2018, between Steven Hartman and James River Group, Inc.~~Amendment to the 2014 Non-Employee Director Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2018, Commission File No. 001-36777)*

~~10.2~~		~~Employment Agreement, dated April 13, 2018, between Dennis Johnson and James River Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to~~of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on ~~April 16, 2018,~~May 1, 2019, Commission File No. 001-36777)*

~~10.3~~		Termination of Employment Agreement, dated April 13, 2018, between Dennis Johnson and JRG Reinsurance Company Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 16, 2018, Commission File No. 001-36777)*

31.1		Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

31.2		Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

32		Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Table of Contents

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

Date:	August ~~3, 2018~~2, 2019	By:	/s/ Robert P. Myron
			Robert P. Myron
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	August ~~3, 2018~~2, 2019	By:	/s/ Sarah C. Doran
			Sarah C. Doran
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer)