SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED ~~JUNE 30, 2019~~MARCH 31, 2020



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO .

Commission file number: 000-32897

UNITED SECURITY BANCSHARES

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



CALIFORNIA		91-2112732
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2126 Inyo Street, Fresno, California		93721
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrants telephone number, including area code (559) 248-4943

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a small reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer x	Non-accelerated filer o
Small reporting company x		Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock, no par value

(Title of Class)

Shares outstanding as of ~~July 31, 2019~~April 30, 2020: ~~16,953,744~~16,974,235

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Facing Page

Table of Contents



PART I. Financial Information

	Item 1. Financial Statements

		Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		Consolidated Statements of Income	4
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
		Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity	6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9

	Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		3936

		Overview	3936
		Results of Operations	4038
		Financial Condition	4642
		Asset/Liability Management – Liquidity and Cash Flow	5754
		Regulatory Matters	5855

	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		6057

	Item 4. Controls and Procedures		6057

PART II. Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	61
	~~Item 1A.~~	~~Risk Factors~~	6159
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	6159
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	6159
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	6159
	Item 5.	Other Information	6159
	Item 6.	Exhibits	6159

Signatures			6260

PART I. Financial Information

United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets – (unaudited)

~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019


(in thousands except shares)	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Assets
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits in other banks	$	30,074		$	28,949		$	28,134		$	27,291
Due from Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB")	279,386			191,388			171,719			191,704
Cash and cash equivalents	309,460			220,337			199,853			218,995
Investment securities (at fair value)
Available for sale ("AFS") securities	59,863			66,426
Available-for-sale ("AFS") securities							93,695			76,312
Marketable equity securities	3,769			3,659			3,791			3,776
Total investment securities	63,632			70,085			97,486			80,088
Loans	573,421			587,933			623,765			597,374
Unearned fees and unamortized loan origination costs - net	(611		)	(119		)	(79		)	(820		)
Allowance for credit losses	(8,452		)	(8,395		)	(9,120		)	(7,908		)
Net loans	564,358			579,419			614,566			588,646
Premises and equipment - net	9,529			9,837			9,279			9,380
Accrued interest receivable	10,314			8,341			8,285			8,208
Other real estate owned	5,745			5,745			5,745			6,753
Goodwill	4,488			4,488			4,488			4,488
Deferred tax assets - net	3,095			3,174			2,555			3,191
Cash surrender value of life insurance	20,535			20,244			21,086			20,955
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,836			—			3,214			3,360
Other assets	11,501			11,388			10,689			12,855
Total assets	$	1,006,493		$	933,058		$	977,246		$	956,919

Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Non-interest-bearing	$	304,172		$	292,720		$	324,167		$	311,950
Interest-bearing	566,743			512,923			516,270			506,412
Total deposits	870,915			805,643			840,437			818,362

Accrued interest payable	77			57			50			59
Operating lease liabilities	3,938			—			3,317			3,463
Other liabilities	7,729			7,963			7,486			8,239
Junior subordinated debentures (at fair value)	10,496			10,155			8,546			10,808
Total liabilities	893,155			823,818			859,836			840,931
Shareholders' Equity
Common stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 16,953,744 at June 30, 2019 and 16,946,622 at December 31, 2018	58,818			58,624
Common stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 16,974,235 at March 31, 2020 and 16,973,885 at December 31, 2019							59,050			58,973
Retained earnings	54,312			49,942			58,534			57,647
Accumulated other comprehensive income	208			674
Accumulated other comprehensive loss							(174		)	(632		)
Total shareholders' equity	113,338			109,240			117,410			115,988
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,006,493		$	933,058		$	977,246		$	956,919

United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands except shares and EPS)	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020		2019
Interest Income:
Interest and fees on loans	$	8,443		$	7,491		$	17,085		$	15,717		$	8,346	$	8,642
Interest on investment securities	444			265			921			457			428		477
Interest on deposits in FRB	1,424			681			2,722			1,065			567		1,298
Total interest income	10,311			8,437			20,728			17,239			9,341		10,417

Interest Expense:
Interest on deposits	890			550			1,724			937			664		834
Interest on other borrowed funds	118			109			241			199			97		123
Total interest expense	1,008			659			1,965			1,136			761		957

Net Interest Income	9,303			7,778			18,763			16,103			8,580		9,460
Provision (Recovery of Provision) for Credit Losses	4			(1,136		)	10			(1,325		)
Net Interest Income after Provision (Recovery of Provision) for Credit Losses	9,299			8,914			18,753			17,428
Provision for Credit Losses													1,707		6
Net Interest Income after Provision for Credit Losses													6,873		9,454

Noninterest Income:
Customer service fees	830			1,020			1,639			1,971			728		809
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	147			132			292			257			131		145
Gain (loss) on fair value of marketable equity securities	53			(18		)	110			(78		)
Gain on proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	—			—			—			171
Gain (loss) on fair value of junior subordinated debentures	497			(192		)	911			(661		)
Unrealized gain on fair value of marketable equity securities													15		57
Gain on fair value of junior subordinated debentures													1,498		414
Loss on dissolution of real estate investment trust	(5		)	—			(114		)	—			—		(109		)
Gain on sale of assets	6			29			6			29
Other	201			198			408			403			208		207
Total noninterest income	1,729			1,169			3,252			2,092			2,580		1,523

Noninterest Expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	2,760			3,010			5,532			5,971			2,995		2,772
Occupancy expense	808			834			1,621			1,599			853		813
Data processing	144			99			251			211			112		107
Professional fees	746			614			1,559			1,142			702		813
Regulatory assessments	83			78			176			161			85		93
Director fees	95			81			186			162			94		91
Correspondent bank service charges	14			17			28			34			15		14
Loss on California tax credit partnership	—			5			—			9
Net cost on operation and sale of OREO	87			49			152			100			153		65
Other	525			531			1,104			929			582		579
Total noninterest expense	5,262			5,318			10,609			10,318			5,591		5,347

Income Before Provision for Taxes	5,766			4,765			11,396			9,202			3,862		5,630
Provision for Taxes on Income	1,669			1,373			3,292			2,653			1,108		1,623
Net Income	$	4,097		$	3,392		$	8,104		$	6,549		$	2,754	$	4,007

Net Income per common share
Basic	$	0.24		$	0.20		$	0.48		$	0.39		$	0.16	$	0.24
Diluted	$	0.24		$	0.20		$	0.48		$	0.39		$	0.16	$	0.24
Shares on which net income per common shares were based
Basic	16,950,564			16,899,968			16,948,810			16,895,135			16,974,100		16,947,040
Diluted	16,981,705			16,957,282			16,977,224			16,935,911			16,994,727		16,972,630

United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

(In thousands) Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended
June 30, 2018 Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended
June 30, 2018
Net Income $ 4,097
$ 3,392
$ 8,104
$ 6,549

Unrealized holdings gain (loss) on securities 275
(171 ) 563
(428 )
Unrealized gains on unrecognized post-retirement costs 14
18
28
27
Unrealized (loss) gain on junior subordinated debentures (542 ) (272 ) (1,247 ) 295
Other comprehensive loss, before tax (253 ) (425 ) (656 ) (106 )
Tax (expense) benefit related to securities (85 ) 46
(170 ) 128
Tax expense related to unrecognized post-retirement costs (4 ) (5 ) (8 ) (8 )
Tax benefit (expense) related to junior subordinated debentures 160
80
368
(88 )
Total other comprehensive loss (182 ) (304 ) (466 ) (74 )
Comprehensive Income $ 3,915
$ 3,088
$ 7,638
$ 6,475



(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net Income	$	2,754		$	4,007

Unrealized holdings (loss) gain on securities	(125		)	288
Unrealized gains on unrecognized post-retirement costs	20			14
Unrealized gain (loss) on junior subordinated debentures	755			(705		)
Other comprehensive gain (loss), before tax	650			(403		)
Tax benefit (expense) related to securities	37			(85		)
Tax expense related to unrecognized post-retirement costs	(6		)	(4		)
Tax (expense) benefit related to junior subordinated debentures	(223		)	208
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)	458			(284		)
Comprehensive Income	$	3,212		$	3,723

United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

(unaudited)

Common Stock
(In thousands except shares) Number of Shares Amount Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain Total

Balance December 31, 2017 (1) 16,885,615
$ 57,880
$ 44,182
$ (710 ) $ 101,352
(1) Excludes 46,511 unvested restricted shares

Adoption of ASU 2016-01: reclassification of unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures to accumulated other comprehensive income (1,482 ) 1,482
—
Adoption of ASU 2016-01: recognition of previously unrealized losses within marketable equity securities (184 ) 184
—
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2018 16,885,615
$ 57,880
$ 42,516
$ 956
$ 101,352

   Other comprehensive loss

230
230
Dividends payable ($0.09 per share) (1,520 ) (1,520 )
Restricted stock units released 13,000
—
Stock-based compensation expense
291

291
Net income

3,156

3,156
Balance March 31, 2018 (2) 16,898,615
$ 58,171
$ 44,152
$ 1,186
$ 103,509
(2) Excludes 46,511 unvested restricted shares

   Other comprehensive loss

(304 ) (304 )
Dividends payable ($0.09 per share) (1,519 ) (1,519 )
Restricted stock units released 3,003
—
Stock-based compensation expense
138

138
Net income

3,392

3,392
Balance June 30, 2018 (3) 16,901,618
$ 58,309
$ 46,025
$ 882
$ 105,216
(3) Excludes 78,508 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss

(160 ) (160 )
Dividends payable ($0.10 per share) (1,690 ) (1,690 )
Restricted stock units released 1,672

—
  Stock-based compensation expense
163

163
Net income

3,517

3,517
Balance September 30, 2018 (4) 16,903,290
$ 58,472
$ 47,852
$ 722
$ 107,046
(4) Excludes 78,508 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss

(48 ) (48 )
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share) (1,859 ) (1,859 )
Restricted stock units released 43,332

—
  Stock-based compensation expense
152

152
Net income

3,949

3,949
Balance December 31, 2018 (5) 16,946,622
$ 58,624
$ 49,942
$ 674
$ 109,240
(5) Excludes 59,217 unvested restricted shares

   Other comprehensive loss

(284 ) (284 )


Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)				(1,869		)				(1,869		)
Restricted stock units released	2,500									—
Stock-based compensation expense		99								99
Net income				4,007						4,007
Balance March 31, 2019 (6)	16,949,122	$	58,723	$	52,080		$	390		$	111,193
(6) Excludes 59,217 unvested restricted shares
													Common Stock
(In thousands except shares)													Number of Shares	Amount			Retained Earnings				Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain				Total

Balance December 31, 2018 (1)													16,946,622	$	58,624				$	49,942			$	674			$	109,240
(1) Excludes 59,217 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss							(182		)	(182		)									(284		)		(284		)
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)				(1,865		)				(1,865		)					(1,869		)						(1,869		)
Restricted stock units released	4,622									—			2,500												—
Stock-based compensation expense		95								95				99											99
Net income				4,097						4,097							4,007								4,007
Balance June 30, 2019 (7)	16,953,744	$	58,818	$	54,312		$	208		$	113,338
(7) Excludes 55,713 unvested restricted shares
Balance March 31, 2019 (2)													16,949,122	$	58,723		$	52,080			$	390			$	111,193
(2) Excludes 58,717 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss																					(182		)		(182		)
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)																	(1,865		)						(1,865		)
Restricted stock units released													4,622												—
Stock-based compensation expense														95											95
Net income																	4,097								4,097
Balance June 30, 2019 (3)													16,953,744	$	58,818		$	54,312			$	208			$	113,338
(3) Excludes 55,713 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss																					(513		)		(513		)
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)																	(1,865		)						(1,865		)
Restricted stock units released																									—
Stock-based compensation expense														78											78
Net income																	4,173								4,173
Balance September 30, 2019 (4)													16,953,744	$	58,896		$	56,620			$	(305	)		$	115,211
(4) Excludes 55,713 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss																					(327		)		(327		)
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)																	(1,868		)						(1,868		)
Restricted stock units released													20,141												—
Stock-based compensation expense														77											77
Net income																	2,895								2,895
Balance December 31, 2019 (5)													16,973,885	$	58,973		$	57,647			$	(632	)		$	115,988
(5) Excludes 35,572 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive income																					458				458
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)																	(1,867		)						(1,867		)
Restricted stock units released													350												—
Tax benefit from restricted stock units released														(1		)									(1		)
Stock-based compensation expense														78											78
Net income																	2,754								2,754
Balance March 31, 2020 (6)													16,974,235	$	59,050		$	58,534			$	(174	)		$	117,410
(6) Excludes 47,572 unvested restricted shares

United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)


	Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net Income	$	8,104		$	6,549		$	2,754		$	4,007
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	10			(1,325		)
Provision for credit losses							1,707			6
Depreciation and amortization	694			666			343			355
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	354			—			(146		)	(148		)
Amortization of investment securities, net	298			258
Amortization of premium/discount on investment securities, net							219			149
Increase in accrued interest receivable	(1,972		)	(1,866		)	(77		)	(1,143		)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable	20			(1		)
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(2,104		)	(1,401		)
Decrease in unearned fees and unamortized loan origination costs, net	492			684
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable							(9		)	24
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities							(740		)	905
(Increase) decrease in unearned fees and unamortized loan origination costs, net							(741		)	164
Decrease in income taxes payable	(760		)	(1,204		)	665			1,501
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities	(110		)	78
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities							(15		)	(57		)
Stock-based compensation expense	194			429			77			99
Provision for deferred income taxes	(99		)	(108		)
Gain on bank owned life insurance	—			(171		)
Benefit (provision) for deferred income taxes							666			(86		)
Loss on sale of other real estate owned							113			—
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	(292		)	(257		)	(131		)	(145		)
(Gain) loss on fair value option of junior subordinated debentures	(911		)	661
Loss on tax credit limited partnership interest	—			9
Gain on fair value option of junior subordinated debentures							(1,498		)	(414		)
Loss on dissolution of real estate investment trust	114			—			—			109
Gain on sale of premises and equipment	(6		)	(29		)
Net decrease (increase) in other assets	1,054			(28		)	1,625			(2,503		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	5,080			2,944			4,812			2,823

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchase of correspondent bank stock	(47		)	(10		)	—			(9		)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	—			(19,860		)	(23,020		)	—
Principal payments of available-for-sale securities	6,828			4,698			5,293			3,677
Net decrease in loans	14,559			27,839
Net (increase) decrease in loans							(26,886		)	8,050
Cash proceeds from sales of other real estate owned							895			—
Investment in limited partnership	(320		)	—			(201		)	—
Cash proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	12			—
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	—			376
Capital expenditures of premises and equipment	(392		)	(542		)	(242		)	(111		)
Net cash provided by investing activities	20,640			12,501
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities							(44,161		)	11,607

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net increase in demand deposits and savings accounts	77,652			67,299			25,727			35,090
Net (decrease) increase in time deposits	(12,380		)	1,970
Net decrease in time deposits							(3,653		)	(9,156		)
Dividends on common stock	(1,869		)	(1,520		)	(1,867		)	—
Net cash provided by financing activities	63,403			67,749			20,207			25,934

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	89,123			83,194
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents							(19,142		)	40,364
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	220,337			107,934			218,995			220,337
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	309,460		$	191,128		$	199,853		$	260,701

United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - (Unaudited)


1.	Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of United Security Bancshares (Company or USB) and its wholly owned subsidiary United Security Bank ~~(the “Bank”)(collectively the “Company” or “USB”)~~(Bank). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information on a basis consistent with the accounting policies reflected in the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in its ~~2018~~2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of a normal, recurring nature) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year as a whole.

~~Reclassifications:~~

~~Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform to the classifications used in 2019. None of the reclassifications had an impact on equity or net income.~~

Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” ~~(“Topic 606”)~~(Topic 606). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers. The Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method on all contracts not completed as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of Topic 606 did not result in a material change to the accounting for any of the in-scope revenue streams. As such, no cumulative effect adjustment was recorded.

Leases:

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases, if necessary, are included in property and equipment, ~~other current liabilities,~~ and other ~~long-term~~ liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

~~Recently Adopted Accounting Standards~~:

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The FASB issued this Update to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key

information about leasing arrangements. To meet that objective, the FASB is amending the FASB Accounting Standards Codification® and creating Topic 842, Leases. The Company adopted the New Lease Standard as of January 1, 2019 using an optional transition method, as discussed in ASU 2018-11 below, that allows application of the new leases standard at the adoption date. Under the optional transition method, financial result reported in periods prior to 2019 are unchanged. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients, which among other things did not require assessment of lease classification. See Note 7 - Leases for additional information.

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which amends ASC 842, Leases. The amendments in this Update allowed lessors to combine lease and associated nonlease components by class of underlying asset in contract that meet certain criteria. For a lessor to qualify for this practical expedient, the lease and related nonlease components must have the same timing and pattern of transfer, and the lease component, if accounted for on a stand-alone basis, would be classified as an operating lease. Additionally the Update provided an optional method for adopting the new leasing guidance. The optional transition method allows entities to apply the new guidance at the adoption date by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of the retained earnings, and not to restate the comparative periods presented. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient, and optional method of adoption as set-forth in this Update. See Note 7 - Leases for additional information.

~~Recently~~Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted:

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326). The FASB is issuing this Update to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The Update requires enhanced disclosures and judgments in estimating credit losses and also amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. This original amendment iswas effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In October 2019 FASB unanimously approved a vote to delay the effective date of this Standard to be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company has formed a project team that is responsible for oversight of the Company’s implementation strategy for compliance with provisions of the new standard. An

external provider specializing in community bank loss driver and CECL reserving model design as well as other related consulting services has been retained, and the Company ~~has begun~~continues to evaluate potential CECL modeling alternatives. As part of this process, the Company has determined potential loan pool segmentation and sub-segmentation under CECL, as well as evaluated the key economic loss drivers for each segment. The Company presently plans to generate and evaluate model scenarios under CECL in tandem with its current reserving processes for interim and annual reporting periods in ~~2019.~~2020. While the Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the impact of adopting this new guidance, management expects the impact of adoption will be significantly influenced by the composition and quality of the Company’s loans and investment securities as well as the economic conditions as of the date of adoption. The Company also anticipates significant changes to the processes and procedures for calculating the reserve for credit losses and continues to evaluate the potential impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). The FASB is issuing this Update to eliminate the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value. This ASU will be effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 (i.e. calendar periods beginning on January 1, 2020, and interim periods therein. The Company does not expect any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements resulting from the adoption of this Update.

~~In August 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes~~ Additionally, in regard to the ~~Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments~~recently approved delay in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on the concepts within FASB's Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendment calls for the removal, modification, and addition of certain disclosure aspects to promote the appropriate exercise of discretion by entities when considering fair value measurement disclosures. The amendments of the update will become effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not expect the requirements of this Update to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In October 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. The amendments in this Update allow entities to designate a change in the benchmark interest rate utilized for fixed-rate financial instruments, from the previously utilized LIBOR rate. For public business entities amendments of the update will become effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company continues to review the potential impact resulting from such a change. As of March 31, 2019,implementation, the Company ~~continues to utilize the LIBOR rate for fixed-rate financial~~

~~instruments. The Company does not expect the requirements of this Update to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.~~is evaluating it's expected implementation date.


2.	Investment Securities

Following is a comparison of the amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale, as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


(in 000's)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
June 30, 2019
March 31, 2020
Securities available-for-sale:	Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
U.S. Government agencies
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations
Asset-backed securities												3,857				—			(379		)		3,478
Total securities available for sale	$	59,827		$	325		$			(289	)		$	59,863		$	94,068		$	461			$	(834	)		$	93,695


(in 000's)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019
Securities available-for-sale:	Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
U.S. Government agencies
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations
Total securities available for sale	$	66,954		$	168		$			(696	)		$	66,426		$	76,561		$	272		$	(521	)		$	76,312

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Contractual maturities on collateralized mortgage obligations cannot be anticipated due to allowed paydowns.


	June 30, 2019				March 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Amortized Cost		Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
(in 000's)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Amortized Cost		Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	—		—		—		—
Due after five years through ten years	4,263		4,263		8,460		8,444
Due after ten years	29,121		29,117		32,993		32,586
Collateralized mortgage obligations	26,443		26,483		52,615		52,665
	$	59,827	$	59,863	$	94,068	$	93,695

There were no realized gains or losses on sales of available-for-sale securities for the three ~~and six~~ month periods ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019. There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses for the three ~~and six~~ month periods ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019.

At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, available-for-sale securities with an amortized cost of approximately $~~52,747,000~~60,759,000 (fair value of $~~52,704,000~~60,836,000) were pledged as collateral for FHLB borrowings, securitized deposits, and public funds balances.

The following summarizes temporarily impaired investment securities:


(in 000's)	Less than 12 Months						12 Months or More								Total							Less than 12 Months						12 Months or More							Total
June 30, 2019	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)				Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)				Unrealized Losses
March 31, 2020	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)						Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)					Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Unrealized Losses					Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Unrealized Losses
Securities available for sale:																									Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government agencies																						$	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)	8,411			$	(33	)	15,359				(155		)	$	23,770			$	(188	)
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations																						23,787		(163		)		8,559			(104		)		32,346			(267		)
Asset-backed securities																						3,478		(379		)		—			—				3,478			(379		)
Total impaired securities																						$	35,676	$	(575	)		$	23,918		$	(259	)		$	59,594		$	(834	)

December 31, 2019
Securities available for sale:	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses			Unrealized Losses				Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)				Unrealized Losses					Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government agencies	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)								$	3,961			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)			$	Unrealized Losses			(12	)	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses			$	15,989		$	(178	)		$	19,950		$	(190	)
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations	—		—			Unrealized Losses		13,784				(122		)		13,784				(122		)	25,400		(187		)		11,244			(144		)		36,644			(331		)
Total impaired securities	$	4,938	$	(51	)		$	27,449			$	(238	)		$	32,387			$	(289	)	$	29,361	$	(199	)		$	27,233		$	(322	)		$	56,594		$	(521	)

December 31, 2018
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Government agencies	$	19,085	$	(148	)		$	6,874			$	(107	)		$	25,959			$	(255	)
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations	—		—				16,681				(441		)		16,681				(441		)
Total impaired securities	$	19,085	$	(148	)		$	23,555			$	(548	)		$	42,640			$	(696	)

Temporarily impaired securities at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, were comprised of ~~seven~~one asset-backed security, eleven U.S. government agency securities, and ~~ten~~fourteen U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations securities.

The Company evaluates investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) at least quarterly, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. The investment securities portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio into two general segments and applying the appropriate OTTI model. Investment securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are generally evaluated for OTTI under ASC Topic 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Instruments.

The Company considers many factors in determining OTTI, including: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. The assessment of whether an other-than-temporary decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to the Company at the time of the evaluation.

Additionally, OTTI occurs when the Company intends to sell the security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss. If the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss, the other-than-temporary-impairment shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any

current-period loss, the other-than-temporary-impairment shall be separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the

amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary-impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings, and is determined based on the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the current amortized cost of the security. The amount of the total other-than-temporary-impairment related to other factors shall be recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporary-impairment recognized in earnings shall become the new amortized cost basis of the investment.

Management periodically evaluates each available-for-sale investment security in an unrealized loss position to determine if the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary.

At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the decline in fair value of the ~~seven~~one asset-backed security, eleven U.S. government agency securities, and the ~~ten~~fourteen U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations securities is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality. Because the Company does not have the intent to sell these impaired securities, and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before its anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020.

During the ~~six months~~quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized ~~$110,000~~$15,000 and $57,000 of unrealized holding gains related to equity securities ~~held at June 30, 2019~~ in the consolidated statements of income. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $78,000 of unrealized losses related to equity securities held at June 30, 2018 in the consolidated statements of income. For the quarter ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $53,000 of unrealized gains related to equity securities held at June 30, 2019 in the consolidated statements of income. For the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $18,000 of unrealized losses related to equity securities held at June 30, 2018 in the consolidated statements of income.income, respectively.

The Company had no held-to-maturity or trading securities at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 or December 31, ~~2018.~~

2019.


3.	Loans

Loans are comprised of the following:


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial:
Commercial and business loans	$	54,334	$	55,929	$	45,119	$	44,534
Government program loans	811		1,049		721		744
Total commercial and industrial	55,145		56,978		45,840		45,278
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	227,525		229,448		265,867		245,183
Residential mortgages	54,142		59,431		42,543		45,881
Home improvement and home equity loans	221		321		166		173
Total real estate mortgage	281,888		289,200		308,576		291,237
Real estate construction and development	114,611		108,795		151,962		138,784
Agricultural	52,027		61,149		49,648		52,197
Installment and student loans	69,750		71,811		67,739		69,878
Total loans	$	573,421	$	587,933	$	623,765	$	597,374

The Company's loans are predominantly in the San Joaquin Valley and the greater Oakhurst/East Madera County area, as well as the Campbell area of Santa Clara County. Although the Company does participate in loans with other financial institutions, they are primarily in the state of California.

Commercial and industrial loans represent ~~9.6%~~7.3% of total loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and are generally made to support the ongoing operations of small-to-medium sized commercial businesses. Commercial and industrial loans have a high degree of industry diversification and provide working capital, financing for the purchase of manufacturing plants and equipment, or funding for growth and general expansion of businesses. A substantial portion of commercial and industrial loans are secured by accounts receivable, inventory, leases, or other collateral including real estate. The remainder are unsecured; however, extensions of

credit are predicated upon the financial capacity of the borrower. Repayment of commercial loans is generally from the cash flow of the borrower.

Real estate mortgage loans, representing ~~49.2%~~49.5% of total loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, are secured by trust deeds on primarily commercial property, but are also secured by trust deeds on single family residences. Repayment of real estate mortgage loans generally comes from the cash flow of the borrower and or guarantor(s).

Commercial real estate mortgage loans comprise the largest segment of this loan category and are available on all types of income producing and non-income producing commercial properties, including: office buildings, shopping centers; apartments and motels; owner occupied buildings; manufacturing facilities and more. Commercial real estate mortgage loans can also be used to refinance existing debt. Commercial real estate loans are made under the premise that the loan will be repaid from the borrower's business operations, rental income associated with the real property, or personal assets.

Residential mortgage loans are provided to individuals to finance or refinance single-family residences. Residential mortgages are not a primary business line offered by the Company, and a majority are conventional mortgages that were purchased as a pool.


•	Home Improvement and Home Equity loans comprise a relatively small portion of total real estate mortgage loans. Home equity loans are generally secured by junior trust deeds, but may be secured by 1^st trust deeds.

Real estate construction and development loans, representing ~~20.0%~~24.4% of total loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, consist of loans for residential and commercial construction projects, as well as land acquisition and development, or land held for future development. Loans in this category are secured by real estate including improved and unimproved land, as well as single-family residential, multi-family residential, and commercial properties in various stages of completion. All real estate loans have established equity requirements. Repayment on construction loans generally comes from long-term mortgages with other lending institutions obtained at completion of the project or from the sale of the constructed homes to individuals.

Agricultural loans represent ~~9.1%~~8.0% of total loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and are generally secured by land, equipment, inventory and receivables. Repayment is from the cash flow of the borrower.

Installment loans, including student loans, represent ~~12.2%~~10.8% of total loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and generally consist of student loans, loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, automobiles or other consumer items. See "Note 4 - Student Loans" for specific information on the student loan portfolio.

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019, these financial instruments include commitments to extend credit of ~~$209,335,000~~$209,014,000 and ~~$144,643,000,~~$197,559,000, respectively, and standby letters of credit of ~~$875,000~~$1,656,000 and ~~$1,183,000,~~$1,662,000, respectively. These instruments involve elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of the involvement the Company has in off-balance sheet financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. A majority of these commitments are at floating interest rates based on the Prime rate. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management's credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but includes accounts receivable, inventory, leases, property, plant and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing properties.

Standby letters of credit are generally unsecured and are issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

~~During the second quarter of 2018, the~~The Bank has entered into a Small Business Administration (SBA) 504 Loan Forward Purchase Commitment to buy a one hundred percent (100%) interest in up to $30 million, first mortgage, California SBA 504 loans on a flow basis with servicing released by the Seller.

Past Due Loans

The Company monitors delinquency and potential problem loans on an ongoing basis through weekly reports to the Loan Committee and monthly reports to the Board of Directors.

The following is a summary of delinquent loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 (in 000's):


June 30, 2019	Loans 30-60 Days Past Due		Loans 61-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans		Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
March 31, 2020															Loans 30-60 Days Past Due		Loans 61-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans		Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
Commercial and business loans	$	—	$	75	$	—	$	75	$	54,259	$	54,334	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	666	$	666	$	44,453	$	45,119	$	591
Government program loans	—		—		—		—		811		811		—		—		—		—		—		721		721		—
Total commercial and industrial	—		75		—		75		55,070		55,145		—		—		—		666		666		45,174		45,840		591
Commercial real estate loans	1,016		—		—		1,016		226,509		227,525		—		—		—		—		—		265,867		265,867		—
Residential mortgages	—		—		—		—		54,142		54,142		—		188		—		—		188		42,355		42,543		—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		221		221		—		18		—		—		18		148		166		—
Total real estate mortgage	1,016		—		—		1,016		280,872		281,888		—		206		—		—		206		308,370		308,576		—

Real estate construction and development loans	—		—		8,825		8,825		105,786		114,611		—		—		—		8,825		8,825		143,137		151,962		—
Agricultural loans	180		—		—		180		51,847		52,027		—		—		—		543		543		49,105		49,648		—

Installment and student loans	303		371		341		1,015		68,510		69,525		341		1,452		686		470		2,608		64,772		67,380		470
Overdraft protection lines	—		—		—		—		35		35		—		—		—		—		—		34		34		—
Overdrafts	—		—		—		—		190		190		—		—		—		—		—		325		325		—
Total installment and student loans	303		371		341		1,015		68,735		69,750		341		1,452		686		470		2,608		65,131		67,739		470
Total loans	$	1,499	$	446	$	9,166	$	11,111	$	562,310	$	573,421	$	341	$	1,658	$	686	$	10,504	$	12,848	$	610,917	$	623,765	$	1,061

The following is a summary of delinquent loans at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's):


December 31, 2018	Loans 30-60 Days Past Due		Loans 61-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans		Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
December 31, 2019															Loans 30-60 Days Past Due		Loans 61-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans		Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
Commercial and business loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	55,929	$	55,929	$	—	$	568	$	—	$	75	$	643	$	43,891	$	44,534	$	—
Government program loans	—		—		—		—		1,049		1,049		—		—		—		—		—		744		744		—
Total commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		56,978		56,978		—		568		—		75		643		44,635		45,278		—
Commercial real estate loans	—		—		389		389		229,059		229,448		—		—		—		—		—		245,183		245,183		—
Residential mortgages	32		—		—		32		59,399		59,431		—		28		—		—		28		45,853		45,881		—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		321		321		—		—		—		—		—		173		173		—
Total real estate mortgage	32		—		389		421		288,779		289,200		—		28		—		—		28		291,209		291,237		—
Real estate construction and development loans	—		—		8,825		8,825		99,970		108,795		—		—		—		8,825		8,825		129,959		138,784		—
Agricultural loans	—		—		—		—		61,149		61,149		—		957		423		144		1,524		50,673		52,197		—

Installment and student loans	130		139		—		269		71,362		71,631		—		292		657		386		1,335		68,280		69,615		386
Overdraft protection lines	—		—		—		—		41		41		—		—		—		—		—		33		33		—
Overdrafts	—		—		—		—		139		139		—		—		—		—		—		230		230		—
Total installment and student loans	130		139		—		269		71,542		71,811		—		292		657		386		1,335		68,543		69,878		386
Total loans	$	162	$	139	$	9,214	$	9,515	$	578,418	$	587,933	$	—	$	1,845	$	1,080	$	9,430	$	12,355	$	585,019	$	597,374	$	386

Nonaccrual Loans

Commercial, construction and commercial real estate loans are placed on nonaccrual status under the following circumstances:

- When there is doubt regarding the full repayment of interest and principal.

- When principal and/or interest on the loan has been in default for a period of 90-days or more, unless the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection that will result in repayment in the near future.

- When the loan is identified as having loss elements and/or is risk rated "8" Doubtful.

Other circumstances which jeopardize the ultimate collectability of the loan including certain troubled debt restructurings, identified loan impairment, and certain loans to facilitate the sale of OREO.

Loans meeting any of the preceding criteria are placed on nonaccrual status and the accrual of interest for financial statement purposes is discontinued. Previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against interest income.

All loans, outside of student loans, where principal or interest is due and unpaid for 90 days or more are placed on nonaccrual and the accrual of interest for financial statement purposes is discontinued. Previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against interest income. See Note 4 - Student Loans for specific information on the student loan portfolio.

When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status and subsequent payments of interest (and principal) are received, the interest received may be accounted for in two separate ways.

Cost recovery method: If the loan is in doubt as to full collection, the interest received in subsequent payments is diverted from interest income to a valuation reserve and treated as a reduction of principal for financial reporting purposes.

Cash basis: This method is only used if the recorded investment or total contractual amount is expected to be fully collectible, under which circumstances the subsequent payments of interest are credited to interest income as received.

Loans on non-accrual status are usually not returned to accrual status unless all delinquent principal and/or interest has been brought current, there is no identified element of loss, and current and continued satisfactory performance is expected (loss of the contractual amount not the carrying amount of the loan). Return to accrual is generally demonstrated through the timely receipt of at least six monthly payments on a loan with monthly amortization.

There were no remaining undisbursed commitments to extend credit on nonaccrual loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 or December 31, ~~2018~~2019.

The following is a summary of nonaccrual loan balances at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's).


	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Commercial and business loans	$	75	$	—	$	75	$	75
Government program loans	—		—		—		—
Total commercial and industrial	75		—		75		75

Commercial real estate loans	—		389		—		—
Residential mortgages	—		—		—		—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—
Total real estate mortgage	—		389		—		—

Real estate construction and development loans	11,562		11,663		11,411		11,478
Agricultural loans	—		—		543		144
Installment and student loans	—		—		—		—

Total loans	$	11,637	$	12,052
Total nonaccrual loans					$	12,029	$	11,697

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

The Company applies its normal loan review procedures in making judgments regarding probable losses and loan impairment. The Company evaluates for impairment those loans on nonaccrual status, graded doubtful, graded substandard or those that are troubled debt restructures. The primary basis for inclusion in impaired status under generally accepted accounting pronouncements is that it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

A loan is not considered impaired if there is merely an insignificant delay or shortfall in the amounts of payments and the Company expects to collect all amounts due, including interest accrued, at the contractual interest rate for the period of the delay.

Review for impairment does not include large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated to estimate the allowance for loan losses. The Company’s present allowance for loan losses methodology, including migration analysis, captures required reserves for these loans in the formula allowance.

For loans determined to be impaired, the Company evaluates impairment based upon either the fair value of underlying collateral, discounted cash flows of expected payments, or observable market price.

For loans secured by collateral including real estate and equipment, the fair value of the collateral less selling costs will determine the carrying value of the loan. The difference between the recorded investment in the loan and the fair value, less selling costs, determines the amount of impairment. The Company uses the measurement method based on fair value of collateral when the loan is collateral dependent and foreclosure is probable. For loans that are not considered collateral dependent, a discounted cash flow methodology is used.


-	The discounted cash flow method of measuring the impairment of a loan is used for impaired loans that are not considered to be collateral dependent. Under this method, the Company assesses both the amount and timing of cash flows expected from impaired loans. The estimated cash flows are discounted using the loan's effective interest rate. The difference

between the amount of the loan on the Bank's books and the discounted cash flow amounts determines the amount of impairment to be provided. This method is used for most of the Company’s troubled debt restructurings or other impaired loans where some payment stream is being collected.


-	The observable market price method of measuring the impairment of a loan is only used by the Company when the sale of loans or a loan is in process.

The method for recognizing interest income on impaired loans is dependent on whether the loan is on nonaccrual status or is a troubled debt restructure. For income recognition, the existing nonaccrual and troubled debt restructuring policies are applied to impaired loans. Generally, except for certain troubled debt restructurings which are performing under the restructure agreement, the Company does not recognize interest income received on impaired loans, but reduces the carrying amount of the loan for financial reporting purposes.

Loans other than certain homogeneous loan portfolios are reviewed on a quarterly basis for impairment. Impaired loans are written down to estimated realizable values by the establishment of specific reserves for loan utilizing the discounted cash flow method, or charge-offs for collateral-based impaired loans, or those using observable market pricing.

The following is a summary of impaired loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 (in 000's).


June 30, 2019	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1)		Recorded Investment With Allowance (1)		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment (2)		Interest Recognized (2)
March 31, 2020															Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1)		Recorded Investment With Allowance (1)		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Recognized
Commercial and business loans	$	1,868	$	403	$	1,475	$	1,878	$	609	$	2,167	$	67	$	416	$	343	$	75	$	418	$	75	$	957	$	7
Government program loans	274		275		—		275		—		283		9		246		246		—		246		—		252		4
Total commercial and industrial	2,142		678		1,475		2,153		609		2,450		76		662		589		75		664		75		1,209		11

Commercial real estate loans	1,816		914		910		1,824		347		1,655		53		2,058		1,170		897		2,067		259		2,075		30
Residential mortgages	1,841		978		870		1,848		32		1,915		48		1,048		510		542		1,052		23		1,057		14
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate mortgage	3,657		1,892		1,780		3,672		379		3,570		101		3,106		1,680		1,439		3,119		282		3,132		44

Real estate construction and development loans	11,562		11,562		—		11,562		—		11,618		125		11,411		11,411		—		11,411		—		11,445		83
Agricultural loans	659		—		667		667		451		734		32		722		323		399		722		250		708		1
Installment and student loans	—		—		—		—		—		24		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Total impaired loans	$	18,020	$	14,132	$	3,922	$	18,054	$	1,439	$	18,396	$	334	$	15,901	$	14,003	$	1,913	$	15,916	$	607	$	16,494	$	139

(1) The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable of ~~$34.~~$15.

~~(2) Information is based on the six months ended ended June 30, 2019.~~

The following is a summary of impaired loans at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's).


December 31, 2018	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1)		Recorded Investment With Allowance (1)		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment (2)		Interest Recognized (2)
December 31, 2019															Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1)		Recorded Investment With Allowance (1)		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment (2)		Interest Recognized (2)
Commercial and business loans	$	2,513	$	470	$	2,054	$	2,524	$	787	$	2,955	$	179	$	1,484	$	368	$	1,128	$	1,496	$	606	$	1,930	$	116
Government program loans	291		292		—		292		—		254		20		257		258		—		258		—		275		18
Total commercial and industrial	2,804		762		2,054		2,816		787		3,209		199		1,741		626		1,128		1,754		606		2,205		134

Commercial real estate loans	1,305		389		919		1,308		394		1,370		60		2,073		1,181		902		2,083		263		2,031		123
Residential mortgages	2,028		391		1,646		2,037		75		2,412		117		1,060		517		546		1,063		20		1,577		56
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate mortgage	3,333		780		2,565		3,345		469		3,782		177		3,133		1,698		1,448		3,146		283		3,608		179

Real estate construction and development loans	11,663		11,663		—		11,663		—		9,144		331		11,478		11,478		—		11,478		—		11,572		231
Agricultural loans	543		—		818		818		520		1,014		81		684		262		432		694		256		726		57

Installment and student loans	41		41		—		41		—		48		5		—		—		—		—		—		14		—

Total impaired loans	$	18,384	$	13,246	$	5,437	$	18,683	$	1,776	$	17,197	$	793	$	17,036	$	14,064	$	3,008	$	17,072	$	1,145	$	18,125	$	601

(1) The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable of ~~$299.~~$36.

(2) Information is based on the ~~twelve month period~~year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019.

In most cases, the Company uses the cash basis method of income recognition for impaired loans. In the case of certain troubled debt restructurings for which the loan is performing under the current contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, income is recognized under the accrual method.

The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $16,494,000 and ~~2018 was $18,255,000 and $16,633,000,~~$18,570,000, respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ was approximately ~~$197,000~~$139,000 and ~~$282,000,~~$138,000, respectively. For impaired nonaccrual loans, interest income recognized under a cash-basis method of accounting was approximately ~~$87,000~~$81,000 and ~~$150,000~~$43,000 for the quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018, respectively.~~

The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $18,396,000 and $16,468,000, respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $334,000 and $452,000, respectively. For impaired nonaccrual loans, interest income recognized under a cash-basis method of accounting was approximately $129,000 and $213,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

In certain circumstances, when the Company grants a concession to a borrower as part of a loan restructuring, the restructuring is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). TDRs are reported as a component of impaired loans.

A TDR is a type of restructuring in which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession (either imposed by court order, law, or agreement between the borrower and the Bank) to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Although the restructuring may take different forms, the Company's objective is to maximize recovery of its investment by granting relief to the borrower.

A TDR may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following:

- A transfer from the borrower to the Company of receivables from third parties, real estate, other assets, or an equity interest in the borrower is granted to fully or partially satisfy the loan.

- A modification of terms of a debt such as one or a combination of:


◦	The reduction (absolute or contingent) of the stated interest rate.


◦	The extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk.


◦	The reduction (absolute or contingent) of the face amount or maturity amount of debt as stated in the instrument or agreement.


◦	The reduction (absolute or contingent) of accrued interest.

For a restructured loan to return to accrual status there needs to be, among other factors, at least 6 months successful payment history and continued satisfactory performance is expected. To this end, the Company typically performs a financial analysis of the credit to determine whether the borrower has the ability to continue to meet payments over the remaining life of the loan. This includes, but is not limited to, a review of financial statements and cash flow analysis of the borrower. Only after determination that the borrower has the ability to perform under the terms of the loans, will the restructured credit be considered for accrual status. Although the Company does not have a policy which specifically addresses when a loan may be removed from TDR classification, as a matter of practice, loans classified as TDRs generally remain classified as such until the loan either reaches maturity, a confirming loan is renewed at market terms, or its outstanding balance is paid off.

There were no TDR additions or defaults for the ~~three and six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019, and the three months ended June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

The following tables illustrates TDR additions and defaults for the periods indicated:


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018								Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
($ in 000's)	Number of Contracts	Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts which Defaulted During Period	Recorded Investment on Defaulted TDRs		Number of Contracts	Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts which Defaulted During Period	Recorded Investment on Defaulted TDRs
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Commercial and business loans	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—
Government program loans	—	—		—		—	—		—	—		—		—	—
Commercial real estate term loans	—	—		—		—	—		—	—		—		—	—
Single family residential loans	—	—		—		—	—		—	—		—		—	—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—	—		—		—	—		—	—		—		—	—
Real estate construction and development loans	—	—		—		1	310		—	—		—		—	—
Agricultural loans	—	—		—		—	—		1	179		179		—	—
Installment and student loans	—	—		—		—	—		—	—		—		—	—
Overdraft protection lines	—	—		—		—	—		—	—		—		—	—
Total loans	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	310	1	$	179	$	179	—	$	—

The Company makes various types of concessions when structuring TDRs including rate discounts, payment extensions, and other-than-temporary forbearance. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Company had 1514 restructured loans totaling $~~6,183,000~~5,254,000 as compared to 1713 restructured loans totaling $~~7,059,000~~5,187,000 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019.

The following tables summarize TDR activity by loan category for the quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 ~~and June 30, 2018~~ (in 000's).


Three Months Ended June 30, 2019	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020																							Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans		Total
Beginning balance	$	57		$	911		$	1,857		$	—	$	2,804		$	711		$	—	$	6,340		$	9		$	898		$	1,060		$	—	$	2,654		$	566		$	—	$	5,187

Additions	—			—			—			—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—		—			179			—		179

Principal (reductions) additions	(19		)	(4		)	(16		)	—		(66		)	(52		)	—		(157		)	(5		)	(5		)	(12		)	—		(67		)	(23		)	—		(112		)
Charge-offs	—			—			—			—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—		—			—			—		—

Ending balance	$	38		$	907		$	1,841		$	—	$	2,738		$	659		$	—	$	6,183		$	4		$	893		$	1,048		$	—	$	2,587		$	722		$	—	$	5,254

Allowance for loan loss	$	—		$	347		$	32		$	—	$	—		$	451		$	—	$	830		$	—		$	259		$	23		$	—	$	—		$	250		$	—	$	532
Defaults	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—


Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate		Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019																						Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans		Total
Beginning balance	$	147		$	1,314	$	2,525		$	—	$	4,606		$	1,110		$	—	$	9,702		$	75		$	1,305		$	2,029		$	—	$	2,838		$	812		$	—	$	7,059

Additions	—			—		—			—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—		—			—			—		—

Principal (reductions) additions	(37		)	48		(305		)	—		(1,667		)	(100		)	—		(2,061		)	(18		)	(389		)	(172		)	—		(34		)	(101		)	—		(714		)
Charge-offs	—			—		—			—		—			—			—		—			—			(5		)	—			—		—			—			—		(5		)

Ending balance	$	110		$	1,362	$	2,220		$	—	$	2,939		$	1,010		$	—	$	7,641		$	57		$	911		$	1,857		$	—	$	2,804		$	711		$	—	$	6,340

Allowance for loan loss	$	—		$	511	$	80		$	—	$	—		$	706		$	—	$	1,297		$	—		$	394		$	68		$	—	$	—		$	520		$	—	$	982
Defaults	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—

The ~~following tables summarize TDR activity~~Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19. The Company is prepared to offer short-term assistance in accordance with regulatory guidelines. As of April 23, 2020, the Company had executed 18 payment deferrals or modifications on outstanding loan ~~category for~~balances of $30,334,000 in connection with the COVID-19 relief provided by the CARES Act. These deferrals were generally no more than six months ~~ended June 30, 2019~~in duration and ~~June 30, 2018 (in 000's).~~

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Mortgages Home Improvement and Home Equity Real Estate Construction Development Agricultural Installment
and Student Loans Total
Beginning balance $ 75
$ 1,305
$ 2,029
$ —
$ 2,838
$ 812
$ —
$ 7,059

Additions —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

Principal reductions (37 ) (393 ) (188 ) —
(100 ) (153 ) —
(871 )

Charge-offs —
(5 ) —
—
—
—
—
(5 )

Ending balance $ 38
$ 907
$ 1,841
$ —
$ 2,738
$ 659
$ —
$ 6,183

Allowance for loan loss $ —
$ 347
$ 32
$ —
$ —
$ 451
$ —
$ 830
Defaults $ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Mortgages Home Improvement and Home Equity Real Estate Construction Development Agricultural Installment
and Student Loans Total
Beginning balance $ 436
$ 1,233
$ 2,542
$ —
$ 5,951
$ 1,200
$ —
$ 11,362

Additions —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

Principal additions (reductions) (263 ) 129
(322 ) —
(3,012 ) (190 ) —
(3,658 )

Charge-offs (63 ) —
—
—
—
—
—
(63 )

Ending balance $ 110
$ 1,362
$ 2,220
$ —
$ 2,939
$ 1,010
$ —
$ 7,641

Allowance for loan loss $ —
$ 511
$ 80
$ —
$ —
$ 706
$ —
$ 1,297
Defaults $ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ (310 ) $ —
$ —
$ (310 )
were not considered troubled debt restructurings based on interagency guidance issued in March 2020.

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of its credit monitoring program, the Company utilizes a risk rating system which quantifies the risk the Company estimates it has assumed during the life of a loan. The system rates the strength of the borrower and the facility or transaction, and is designed to provide a program for risk management and early detection of problems.

For each new credit approval, credit extension, renewal, or modification of existing credit facilities, the Company assigns risk ratings utilizing the rating scale identified in this policy. In addition, on an on-going basis, loans and credit facilities are reviewed for internal and external influences impacting the credit facility that would warrant a change in the risk rating. Each credit facility is to be given a risk rating that takes into account factors that materially affect credit quality.

When assigning risk ratings, the Company evaluates two risk rating approaches, a facility rating and a borrower rating as follows:

Facility Rating:

The facility rating is determined by the analysis of positive and negative factors that may indicate that the quality of a particular loan or credit arrangement requires that it be rated differently from the risk rating assigned to the borrower. The Company assesses the risk impact of these factors:

Collateral - The rating may be affected by the type and quality of the collateral, the degree of coverage, the economic life of the collateral, liquidation value and the Company's ability to dispose of the collateral.

Guarantees - The value of third party support arrangements varies widely. Unconditional guaranties from persons with demonstrable ability to perform are more substantial than that of closely related persons to the borrower who offer only modest support.

Unusual Terms - Credit may be extended on terms that subject the Company to a higher level of risk than indicated in the rating of the borrower.

Borrower Rating:

The borrower rating is a measure of loss possibility based on the historical, current and anticipated financial characteristics of the borrower in the current risk environment. To determine the rating, the Company considers at least the following factors:

- Quality of management

- Liquidity

- Leverage/capitalization

- Profit margins/earnings trend

- Adequacy of financial records

- Alternative funding sources

- Geographic risk

- Industry risk

- Cash flow risk

- Accounting practices

- Asset protection

- Extraordinary risks

The Company assigns risk ratings to loans other than consumer loans and other homogeneous loan pools based on the following scale. The risk ratings are used when determining borrower ratings as well as facility ratings. When the borrower rating and the facility ratings differ, the lowest rating applied is:


-	Grades 1 and 2 – These grades include loans which are given to high quality borrowers with high credit quality and sound financial strength. Key financial ratios are generally above industry averages and the borrower’s strong earnings history or net worth. These may be secured by deposit accounts or high-grade investment securities.

Grade 3 – This grade includes loans to borrowers with solid credit quality with minimal risk. The borrower’s balance sheet and financial ratios are generally in line with industry averages, and the borrower has historically demonstrated the ability to manage economic adversity. Real estate and asset-based loans assigned this risk rating must have characteristics, which place them well above the minimum underwriting requirements for those departments. Asset-based borrowers assigned this rating must exhibit extremely favorable leverage and cash flow characteristics, and consistently demonstrate a high level of unused borrowing capacity.

Grades 4 and 5 – These include “pass” grade loans to borrowers of acceptable credit quality and risk. The borrower’s balance sheet and financial ratios may be below industry averages, but above the lowest industry quartile. Leverage is above and liquidity is below industry averages. Inadequacies evident in financial performance and/or management sufficiency are offset by readily available features of support, such as adequate collateral, or good guarantors having the liquid assets and/or cash flow capacity to repay the debt. The borrower may have recognized a loss over three or four years, however recent earnings trends, while perhaps somewhat cyclical, are improving and cash flows are adequate to cover debt service and fixed obligations. Real estate and asset-borrowers fully comply with all underwriting standards and are performing according to projections would be assigned this rating. These also include grade 5 loans which are “leveraged” or on management’s “watch list.” While still considered pass loans (loans given a ~~grade 5), the borrower’s financial condition, cash flow or operations evidence more than average risk and short term~~

grade 5), the borrower’s financial condition, cash flow or operations evidence more than average risk and short term weaknesses, these loans warrant a higher than average level of monitoring, supervision and attention from the Company, but do not reflect credit weakness trends that weaken or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position. Loans with a grade rating of 5 are not normally acceptable as new credits unless they are adequately secured or carry substantial endorser/guarantors.

Grade 6 – This grade includes “special mention” loans which are loans that are currently protected but are potentially weak. This generally is an interim grade classification and should usually be upgraded to an Acceptable rating or downgraded to Substandard within a reasonable time period. Weaknesses in special mention loans may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are often loans with weaknesses inherent from the loan origination, loan servicing, and perhaps some technical deficiencies. The main theme in special mention credits is the distinct probability that the classification will deteriorate to a more adverse class if the noted deficiencies are not addressed by the loan officer or loan management.

Grade 7 – This grade includes “substandard” loans which are inadequately supported by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that may impair the regular liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans exhibit a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard loans also include impaired loans.

Grade 8 – This grade includes “doubtful” loans which exhibit the same characteristics as the Substandard loans with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include a proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

Grade 9 – This grade includes loans classified “loss” which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the asset even though partial recovery may be achieved in the future.

The Company did not carry any loans graded as loss at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 or December 31, ~~2018~~2019.

The following tables summarize the credit risk ratings for commercial, construction, and other non-consumer related loans for ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate			Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural			Total			Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural			Total
June 30, 2019
March 31, 2020
(in 000's)	Commercial and Industrial				Commercial Real Estate				Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural				Total		Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural			Total
Grades 1 and 2
Grade 3
Grades 4 and 5 – pass	51,187				220,041			103,049					48,458				422,735		43,469			259,575			139,553			46,680			489,277
Grade 6 – special mention	1,507		1,701			—					2,910			6,118			839			1,567			998			2,246			5,650
Grade 7 – substandard	2,132		1,926			11,562				659			16,279			1,272			1,165			11,411			722			14,570
Grade 8 – doubtful	—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total	$	55,145	$	227,525		$	114,611		$	52,027		$	449,308		$	45,840		$	265,867		$	151,962		$	49,648		$	513,317


	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate			Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural			Total			Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural			Total
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019
(in 000's)	Commercial and Industrial				Commercial Real Estate				Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural				Total		Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Real Estate Construction and Development			Agricultural			Total
Grades 1 and 2
Grade 3
Grades 4 and 5 – pass	53,843				222,970			97,132					60,256				434,201		41,757			238,612			126,308			50,234			456,911
Grade 6 – special mention	48		2,180			—					—			2,228			919			1,608			998			1,279			4,804
Grade 7 – substandard	2,763		389			11,663				813			15,628			2,324			1,176			11,478			684			15,662
Grade 8 – doubtful	—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total	$	56,978	$	229,448		$	108,795		$	61,149		$	456,370		$	45,278		$	245,183		$	138,784		$	52,197		$	481,442

The Company follows consistent underwriting standards outlined in its loan policy for consumer and other homogeneous loans but, does not specifically assign a risk rating when these loans are originated. Consumer loans are monitored for credit risk and are considered “pass” loans until some issue or event requires that the credit be downgraded to special mention or worse. Within the student loan portfolio, the Company does not grade these loan individually, but monitors credit quality indicators such as delinquency and program defined status codes such as forbearance.

The following tables summarize the credit risk ratings for consumer related loans and other homogeneous loans for ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


	June 30, 2019										December 31, 2018															March 31, 2020														December 31, 2019
	Residential Mortgages		Home Improvement and Home Equity			Installment and Student Loans			Total		Residential Mortgages				Home Improvement and Home Equity				Installment and Student Loans				Total			Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity			Installment and Student Loans				Total				Residential Mortgages				Home Improvement and Home Equity				Installment and Student Loans				Total
(in 000's)	Residential Mortgages														Home Improvement and Home Equity				Installment and Student Loans				Total			Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity			Installment and Student Loans				Total				Residential Mortgages				Home Improvement and Home Equity				Installment and Student Loans				Total
Not graded	$	40,038	Home Improvement and Home Equity		$	Installment and Student Loans		201	Total		Residential Mortgages		$	68,535			$	108,774			$	49,563			$	300		$	70,990		$	120,853		$	29,651			$	148			$	66,666			$	96,465			$	33,059			$	155	$	68,752	$	101,966
Pass	13,153		20			874			14,047		9,186				21				780				9,987			12,348			18			698				13,064				12,542				18				740				13,300
Special mention	750		—			341			1,091		470				—				—				470			356			—			375				731				88				—				386				474
Substandard	201		—			—			201		212				—				41				253			188			—			—				188				192				—				—				192
Doubtful	—		—			—			—		—				—				—				—			—			—			—				—				—				—				—				—
Total	$	54,142	$	221		$	69,750		$	124,113	$	59,431			$	321			$	71,811			$	131,563		$	42,543		$	166		$	67,739			$	110,448			$	45,881			$	173			$	69,878			$	115,932

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company analyzes risk characteristics inherent in each loan portfolio segment as part of the quarterly review of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The following summarizes some of the key risk characteristics for the ten segments of the loan portfolio (Consumer loans include three segments):

Commercial and industrial loans – Commercial loans are subject to the effects of economic cycles and tend to exhibit increased risk as economic conditions deteriorate, or if the economic downturn is prolonged. The Company considers this segment to be one of higher risk given the size of individual loans and the balances in the overall portfolio.

Government program loans – This is a relatively a small part of the Company’s loan portfolio, but has historically had a high percentage of loans that have migrated from pass to substandard given their vulnerability to economic cycles.

Commercial real estate loans – This segment is considered to have more risk in part because of the vulnerability of commercial businesses to economic cycles as well as the exposure to fluctuations in real estate prices because most of these loans are secured by real estate. Losses in this segment have however been historically low because most of the loans are real estate secured, and the bank maintains appropriate loan-to-value ratios.

Residential mortgages – This segment is considered to have low risk factors both from the Company and peer statistics. These loans are secured by first deeds of trust. The losses experienced over the past sixteen quarters are isolated to approximately three loans and are generally the result of short sales.

Home improvement and home equity loans – Because of their junior lien position, these loans have an inherently higher risk level. Because residential real estate has been severely distressed in the recent past, the anticipated risk for this loan segment has increased.

Real estate construction and development loans –This segment of loans is considered to have a higher risk profile due to construction and market value issues in conjunction with normal credit risks.

Agricultural loans – This segment is considered to have risks associated with weather, insects, and marketing issues. In addition, concentrations in certain crops or certain agricultural areas can increase risk.

Installment and student loans (Includes consumer loans, student loans, overdrafts, and overdraft protection lines) – This segment is higher risk because many of the loans are unsecured. Additionally, in the case of student loans, there are increased risks associated with liquidity as there is a significant time lag between funding of a student loan and eventual repayment.

~~The following summarizes~~COVID-19 – As a result of the ~~activity~~current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 virus, the Company is engaging in more frequent communication with borrowers to better understand their situation and the challenges faced, allowing it to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. While the Company has not yet experienced any charge-offs related to COVID-19, the allowance for credit loss calculation and resulting provision for credit losses are significantly impacted by changes in economic conditions resulting from significant increase in unemployment. Given that economic scenarios have darkened significantly since the pandemic was declared in early March, the credit risk in the loan ~~category~~portfolio has increased resulting in the need for ~~the quarters ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in 000's).~~

Three Months Ended Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Mortgage Real Estate Construction Development Agricultural Installment & Student Loans Unallocated Total
June 30, 2019
Beginning balance $ 1,614
$ 995
$ 2,188
$ 969
$ 1,838
$ 813
$ 8,417
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses (167 ) (135 ) 142
163
136
(135 ) 4

Charge-offs —
—
—
—
(5 ) —
(5 )
Recoveries 9
4
—
—
23
—
36
Net charge-offs 9
4
—
—
18
—
31

Ending balance $ 1,456
$ 864
$ 2,330
$ 1,132
$ 1,992
$ 678
$ 8,452
Period-end amount allocated to:

Loans individually evaluated for impairment 609
379
—
451
—
—
1,439
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 847
485
2,330
0.006
681
1,992
678
7,013
Ending balance $ 1,456
$ 864
$ 2,330
$ 1,132
$ 1,992
$ 678
$ 8,452

Three Months Ended Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Mortgage Real Estate Construction Development Agricultural Installment & Student Loans Unallocated Total
June 30, 2018
Beginning balance $ 1,985
$ 1,204
$ 2,862
$ 1,342
$ 821
$ 902
$ 9,116
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses (793 ) (7 ) (175 ) (41 ) (55 ) (65 ) (1,136 )

Charge-offs —
—
—
—
(7 ) —
(7 )
Recoveries 355
16
—
—
81
—
452
Net charge-offs 355
16
—
—
74
—
445

Ending balance $ 1,547
$ 1,213
$ 2,687
$ 1,301
$ 840
$ 837
$ 8,425
Period-end amount allocated to:

Loans individually evaluated for impairment 444
590
—
706
—
—
1,740
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,103
623
2,687
0.006
595
840
837
6,685
Ending balance $ 1,547
$ 1,213
$ 2,687
$ 1,301
$ 840
$ 837
$ 8,425

an additional reserve for credit loss.

The following summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan category for the ~~six months~~quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ (in 000's).


Six Months Ended	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage				Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans				Unallocated		Total
June 30, 2019	Commercial and Industrial
Three Months Ended																							Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated		Total
March 31, 2020																							Commercial and Industrial								Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated		Total
Beginning balance	$	1,673		Real Estate Mortgage			$	Real Estate Construction Development	1,015		Agricultural		$	Installment and Student Loans			2,424	Unallocated		Total				$	1,131	Real Estate Mortgage		Real Estate Construction Development	$	1,559		$	593		$	8,395	$	1,322	$	712		$	2,808	$	761	$	2,132	$	173	$	7,908
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	(274		)	(154		)		(94		)	1			446				85		10			(413		)	194		653			107			988			178		1,707

Charge-offs	—			(5		)		—			—			(114		)		—		(119		)	—			—		—			—			(509		)	—		(509		)
Recoveries	57			8				—			—			101				—		166			5			4		—			—			5			—		14
Net recoveries (charge-offs)	57			3				—			—			(13		)		—		47			5			4		—			—			(504		)	—		(495		)

Ending balance	$	1,456		$	864			$	2,330		$	1,132		$	1,992			$	678	$	8,452		$	914		$	910	$	3,461		$	868		$	2,616		$	351	$	9,120
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	609			379				—			451			—				—		1,439			75			282		—			250			—			—		607
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	847			485				2,330			681			1,992				678		7,013			839			628		3,461			618			2,616			351		8,513
Ending balance	$	1,456		$	864			$	2,330		$	1,132		$	1,992			$	678	$	8,452		$	914		$	910	$	3,461		$	868		$	2,616		$	351	$	9,120


Six Months Ended	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage			Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural				Installment and Student Loans				Unallocated			Total
June 30, 2018	Commercial and Industrial
Three Months Ended																								Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage			Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated		Total
March 31, 2019																								Commercial and Industrial									Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated		Total
Beginning balance	$	1,408		Real Estate Mortgage		$	Real Estate Construction Development	1,182		Agricultural			$	Installment and Student Loans			2,903	Unallocated			Total				$	1,631	Real Estate Mortgage			Real Estate Construction Development	$	887		$	1,256		$	9,267	$	1,673	$	1,015		$	2,424	$	1,131	$	1,559	$	593	$	8,395
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	(181		)	11			(216		)	(330		)		(190		)		(419		)	(1,325		)	(107		)	(20		)	(236		)	(162		)	308			223		6

Charge-offs	(88		)	—			—			—				(11		)		—			(99		)	—			(5		)	—			—			(103		)	—		(108		)
Recoveries	408			20			—			—				154				—			582			47			5			—			—			72			—		124
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	320			20			—			—				143				—			483			47			—			—			—			(31		)	—		16

Ending balance	$	1,547		$	1,213		$	2,687		$	1,301			$	840			$	837		$	8,425		$	1,613		$	995		$	2,188		$	969		$	1,836		$	816	$	8,417
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	444			590			—			706				—				—			1,740			786			462			—			520			—			—		1,768
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,103			623			2,687			595				840				837			6,685			827			533			2,188			449			1,836			816		6,649
Ending balance	$	1,547		$	1,213		$	2,687		$	1,301			$	840			$	837		$	8,425		$	1,613		$	995		$	2,188		$	969		$	1,836		$	816	$	8,417

The following summarizes information with respect to the loan balances at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	June 30, 2019								June 30, 2018										March 31, 2020											March 31, 2019
	Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment			Total Loans			Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment			Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment				Total Loans			Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment			Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment				Total Loans				Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment				Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment				Total Loans
(in 000's)
Commercial and business loans	$	1,878			$	52,456		$			54,334			$	2,949			$	54,098		$	57,047		$	418			$	44,701			$	45,119			$	2,100			$	52,757	$	54,857
Government program loans	275		536			811			309			599				908			246			475				721				284				551				835
Total commercial and industrial	2,153		52,992			55,145			3,258			54,697				57,955			664			45,176				45,840				2,384				53,308				55,692

Commercial real estate loans	1,824		225,701			227,525			1,367			211,146				212,513			2,067			263,800				265,867				1,834				231,951				233,785
Residential mortgage loans	1,848		52,294			54,142			2,228			68,284				70,512			1,052			41,491				42,543				1,862				59,419				61,281
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		221			221			—			386				386			—			166				166				—				288				288
Total real estate mortgage	3,672		278,216			281,888			3,595			279,816				283,411			3,119			305,457				308,576				3,696				291,658				295,354

Real estate construction and development loans	11,562		103,049			114,611			11,764			96,807				108,571			11,411			140,551				151,962				11,629				91,332				102,961

Agricultural loans	667		51,360			52,027			1,017			55,645				56,662			722			48,926				49,648				716				54,396				55,112

Installment and student loans	—		69,750			69,750			62			67,335				67,397			—			67,739				67,739				30				70,751				70,781

Total loans	$	18,054	$	555,367		$	573,421		$	19,696		$	554,300			$	573,996		$	15,916		$	607,849			$	623,765			$	18,455			$	561,445			$	579,900


4.	Student Loans

Included in installment loans are ~~$65,935,000~~$63,791,000 and ~~$68,221,000~~$65,800,000 in student loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, made to medical and pharmacy school students. Upon graduation the loan is automatically placed on deferment for 6 months. This may be extended up to 48 months for graduates enrolling in Internship, Medical Residency or Fellowship. As approved, the student may receive additional deferment for hardship or administrative reasons in the form of forbearance for a maximum of 24 months throughout the life of the loan. Accrued interest on loans that had not entered repayment status totaled ~~$7,767,000~~$4,769,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~$5,866,000~~$4,689,000 at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 there were ~~522~~866 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented ~~$12,783,000, $2,887,000,~~$22,149,000, $6,931,000, and ~~$6,298,000,~~$10,791,000, respectively. At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~595~~855 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented ~~$15,526,000, $1,945,000~~$24,986,000, $4,392,000 and ~~$7,336,000,~~$10,626,000, respectively. As of ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the risks within the student loan portfolio were assessed and it was determined that along with the calculation of the general reserve of $769,000, an additional allowance of $1,175,000 was appropriate, for a total reserve against the student loan portfolio ~~of $1,944,000. The additional allowance~~ was ~~determined as a percentage of the forbearance loan total~~$2,385,000 and a 100% reserve against student loans rated special mention. The percentage utilized for the calculation against forbearance loans was increased during the period. At December 31, 2018 the general reserve for the student loan portfolio was $880,000 with an additional allowance of $640,000, for a total reserve against the student loan portfolio of $1,520,000.$2,091,000, respectively. There were no TDRs within the portfolio as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 or December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, student loans totaling $470,000 and $386,000, respectively, were included in the special mention category.

Reunion Student Loan Finance Corporation (RSLFC) is the third-party servicer for the student loan portfolio. RSLFC's services include application administration, processing, approval, documenting, funding, and collection. They also provide borrower file custodial responsibilities. Except in cases where applicants/loans do not meet program requirements, or extreme delinquency, RSLFC is responsible for complete program management. RSLFC is paid a monthly servicing fee based on the outstanding principal balance. ~~Interest income on the student loan portfolio offsets this expense, and is presented net of expense within loan interest income on the consolidated statements of income.~~

The following tables summarize the credit quality indicators for outstanding student loans as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's, except for number of borrowers):


	June 30, 2019					December 31, 2018					March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest
School	740	$	28,806	$	4,586	1,056	$	42,852	$	5,494	541	$	22,688	$	4,769	601	$	24,198	$	4,689
Grace	321	15,161		2,816		23	562		81		45	1,232		332		49	1,598		394
Repayment	307	12,783		99		366	15,526		118		465	22,149		187		507	24,986		203
Deferment	70	2,887		199		48	1,945		79		164	6,931		368		124	4,392		204
Forbearance	145	6,298		166		181	7,336		212		237	10,791		196		224	10,626		188
Total	1,583	$	65,935	$	7,866	1,674	$	68,221	$	5,984	1,452	$	63,791	$	5,852	1,505	$	65,800	$	5,678

School - The time in which the borrower is still actively in school at least half time. No payments are expected during this stage, though the borrower may begin immediate payments.

Grace - A six month period of time granted to the borrower immediately upon graduation, or if deemed no longer an active student. Interest continues to accrue. Upon completion of the six month grace period the loan is transferred to repayment status. Additionally, if applicable, this status may represent a borrower activated to military duty while in their in-school period, they will be allowed to return to that status once their active duty has expired. The borrower must return to an at least half time status within six months of the active duty end date in order to return to an in-school status.

Repayment - The time in which the borrower is no longer actively in school at least half time, and has not received an approved grace, deferment, or forbearance. Regular payment is expected from these borrowers under an allotted payment plan.

Deferment - May be granted up to 48 months for borrowers who have begun the repayment period on their loans but are (1) actively enrolled in an eligible school at least half time, or (2) are actively enrolled in an approved and verifiable medical residency, internship, or fellowship program.

Forbearance - The period of time during which the borrower may postpone making principal and interest payments, which may be granted for either hardship or administrative reasons. Interest will continue to accrue on loans during periods of authorized forbearance. If the borrower is delinquent at the time the forbearance is granted, the delinquency will be covered by the forbearance and all accrued and unpaid interest from the date of delinquency or if none, from the date of beginning of the forbearance period, will be capitalized at the end of each forbearance period. The term of the loan will not change and payments may be increased to allow the loan to pay off in the required time frame. A forbearance that results in only aan insignificant delay in payment, ~~considered insignificant,~~ is not considered a concessionary change in terms, provided the borrower affirms the obligation. Forbearance is not an uncommon status designation, this designation is standard industry practice, and is consistent with the succession of students migrating to employed medical professionals.

Student Loan Aging

Student loans are generally charged off at the end of the month during which an account becomes 120 days contractually past due. Accrued but unpaid interest related to charged off student loans is reversed and charged against interest income. For the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020, $29,000 in accrued interest receivable was reversed, due to charge-offs of $502,000 within the student loan portfolio. As of March 31, 2019, $4,000 in accrued interest receivable was reversed, due to charge-offs of $103,000 ~~within the student loan portfolio. As of December 31, 2018, $26,000 in accrued interest receivable was reversed, due to charge-offs of $388,000~~ within the student loan portfolio.

The following tables summarize the student loan aging for loans in repayment and forbearance as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's, except for number of borrowers):


	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	Number of Borrowers	Amount		Number of Borrowers	Amount		Number of Borrowers	Amount		Number of Borrowers	Amount
Current or less than 31 days	201	$	18,066	248	$	22,534	268	$	30,332	295	$	34,277
31 - 60 days	6	303		2	130		10	1,452		4	292
61 - 90 days	5	371		4	140		8	686		7	657
91 - 120 days	4	281		1	58		3	219		6	386
121-180 days	1	60		—	—
Over 120 days							3	251		—	—
Total	217	$	19,081	255	$	22,862	292	$	32,940	312	$	35,612


5.	Deposits

Deposits include the following:


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	304,172	$	292,720	$	324,167	$	311,950
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and money market accounts	404,416		340,445		370,382		360,934
Savings accounts	92,274		90,046		84,140		80,078
Time deposits:
Under $250,000	49,158		60,875		42,096		44,926
$250,000 and over	20,895		21,557		19,652		20,474
Total interest-bearing deposits	566,743		512,923		516,270		506,412
Total deposits	$	870,915	$	805,643	$	840,437	$	818,362


6.	Short-term Borrowings/Other Borrowings

At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $~~289,160,000~~337,485,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) lines of credit totaling $~~3,785,000~~5,686,000. At ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company had an uncollateralized line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank (PCBB) totaling $10,000,000, a Fed Funds line of $10,000,000 with Union Bank, and a Fed Funds line of $20,000,000 with Zions First National Bank. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. These lines of credit have interest rates that are generally tied to the Federal Funds rate or are indexed to short-term U.S. Treasury rates or LIBOR. FHLB advances are collateralized by the Company’s stock in the FHLB, investment securities, and certain qualifying mortgage loans.

As of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, $~~3,999,000~~6,003,000 in investment securities at FHLB were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. Additionally, $~~431,627,000~~498,600,000 in secured and unsecured loans were pledged at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, as collateral for borrowing lines with the Federal Reserve Bank. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Company had no outstanding borrowings.

At December 31, ~~2018~~2019, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $~~287,446,000~~313,445,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) lines of credit totaling $~~4,119,000~~5,815,000. At December 31, ~~2018~~2019, the Company had an uncollateralized line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ("PCBB") and Union Bank totaling $10,000,000 each, with a Fed Funds line of $20,000,000 at Zions First National Bank. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. These lines of credit generally have interest rates tied to the Federal Funds rate or are indexed to short-term U.S. Treasury rates or LIBOR. FHLB advances are collateralized by the Company’s stock in the FHLB, investment securities, and certain qualifying mortgage loans.

As of December 31, ~~2018~~2019, $~~4,338,000~~6,201,000 in investment securities at FHLB were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. Additionally, $~~421,393,000~~462,937,000 in secured and unsecured loans were pledged at December 31, ~~2018~~2019, as collateral for used and unused borrowing lines with the Federal Reserve Bank. At December 31, ~~2018~~2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings.


7.	Leases

The Company leases land and premises for its branch banking offices, administration facilities, and ATMs. The initial terms of these leases expire at various dates through 2025. Under the provisions of most of these leases, the Company has the option to extend the leases beyond their original terms at rental rates adjusted for changes reported in certain economic indices or as reflected by market conditions. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise that option. As of ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company had 1312 operating leases and no financing leases.

The components of lease expense were as follows:


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	378		$	190	$	191
Short-term lease expense	—		—		—
Variable lease expense	—		71		56
Sublease income	—		—		—
Total	$	378	$	261	$	247

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019			March 31, 2020
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	354		$	190
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	3,836		—
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years for operating leases	6.59			6.18
Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases	5.09		%	5.15		%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:


	Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
(in 000's)	June 30, 2019			March 31, 2020
2020	$	810		$	735
2021	764			656
2022	715			665
2023	690			657
2024	638			440
Thereafter	1,030			725
Total undiscounted cash flows	4,647			3,878
Less: present value discount	(709		)	(561		)
Present value of net future minimum lease payments	$	3,938		$	3,317


8.	Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures


	Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended March 31,
(in 000's)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	1,946		$	1,137		$	772		$	934
Income taxes	3,790			4,800			—			—
Noncash investing activities:
Unrealized gain on unrecognized post retirement costs	28			27			20			14
Unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities	563			(428		)
Unrealized (loss) gain on junior subordinated debentures	(1,247		)	295
Unrealized (loss) gain on available for sale securities							(125		)	288
Unrealized gain (loss) on junior subordinated debentures							755			(705		)
Cash dividend declared	1,865			1,520			1,867			1,869
Adoption of ASU 2016-01: reclassification of unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures to accumulated other comprehensive income	—			1,482
Adoption of ASU 2016-01: recognition of previously unrealized losses within CRA Fund	—			184
Adoption of ASU 2016-02: recognition of lease right-of-use (ROU) asset	3,395			—			—			3,395
Adoption of ASU 2016-02: recognition of lease liability	3,486			—			—			3,486


9.	Dividends on Common Stock

On June 25, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.11 per share on the Company's common stock. The dividend was payable on July 18, 2019, to shareholders of record as of July 8, 2019. Approximately $1,865,000 was transfered from retained earnings to dividends payable to allow for distribution of the dividend to shareholders.

On March ~~26, 2019,~~24, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.11 per share on the Company's common stock. The dividend was payable on April ~~17, 2019,~~15, 2020, to shareholders of record as of April ~~8, 2019.~~6, 2020. Approximately ~~$1,869,000~~$1,867,000 was transfered from retained earnings to dividends payable to allow for distribution of the dividend to shareholders.

During 2017, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $3 million of the outstanding common stock of the Company. The timing of the purchases will depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, available funds, and alternative uses of capital. The stock repurchase program may be carried out through open-market purchases, block trades, or negotiated private transactions. At this time, no shares have been repurchased.


10.	Net Income per Common Share

The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator of the basic EPS computation with the numerator and the denominator of the diluted EPS computation:


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,				Three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019
Net income (000's, except per share amounts)	$	4,097	$	3,392	$	8,104	$	6,549	$	2,754	$	4,007

Weighted average shares issued	16,950,564		16,899,968		16,948,810		16,895,135		16,974,100		16,947,040
Add: dilutive effect of stock options	31,141		57,314		28,414		40,776		20,627		25,590
Weighted average shares outstanding adjusted for potential dilution	16,981,705		16,957,282		16,977,224		16,935,911		16,994,727		16,972,630

Basic earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.20	$	0.48	$	0.39	$	0.16	$	0.24
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.20	$	0.48	$	0.39	$	0.16	$	0.24
Anti-dilutive stock options excluded from earnings per share calculation	60,000		30,000		60,000		103,000		101,000		60,000


11.	Taxes on Income

The Company periodically reviews its tax positions under the accounting standards related to uncertainty in income taxes, which defines the criteria that an individual tax position would have to meet for some or all of the income tax benefit to be recognized in a taxable entity’s financial statements. Under the guidelines, an entity should recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position if it determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent. In assessing whether the more-likely-than-not criterion is met, the entity should assume that the tax position will be reviewed by the applicable taxing authority and all available information is known to the taxing authority.

The Company periodically evaluates its deferred tax assets to determine whether a valuation allowance is required based upon a determination that some or all of the deferred assets may not be ultimately realized. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019, the Company had no recorded valuation allowance. The Company is no longer subject to IRS examination for years before ~~2014.~~2015.

The Company's policy is to recognize any interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Interest and penalties recognized during the periods ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ were insignificant.

The Company reported a provision for income taxes of ~~$3,292,000~~$1,108,000 for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 as compared to the ~~$2,653,000~~$1,623,000 provision reported in the comparable period of ~~2018.~~2019. The effective tax rate was ~~28.89%~~28.69% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 as compared to 28.83% for the comparable period of ~~2018. The effective tax rate was 28.95% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 28.81% for the comparable period of 2018.~~

2019.


12.	Junior Subordinated Debt/Trust Preferred Securities

Effective September 30, 2009 and beginning with the ~~quarterly~~ interest payment due October 1, 2009, the Company elected to defer interest payments on the Company's $15.0 million of junior subordinated debentures relating to its trust preferred securities. ~~The terms of the debentures and trust indentures allow for the Company to defer interest payments for up to~~ 20 consecutive quarters without default or penalty. During the period that the interest deferrals were elected, the Company continued to record interest expense associated with the debentures. As of June 30, 2014, the Company ended the extension period, paid all accrued and unpaid interest, and is currently making quarterly interest payments. The Company may redeem the junior subordinated debentures at any time at par.

~~During August 2015, the Bank purchased $3.0 million of the Company's junior subordinated debentures related to the Company's trust preferred securities at a fair value discount of 40%.~~ Subsequently in September 2015, the Company ~~purchased those shares from the Bank and canceled~~redeemed $3.0 million inat par ~~value of the junior subordinated debentures, realizing a $78,000 gain on redemption.~~value. The contractual principal balance of the Company's debentures relating to its trust preferred securities is $12.0 million as of ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The Company may redeem the junior subordinated debentures at any time at par.

The ~~fair value guidance generally permits the measurement of selected eligible financial instruments at fair value at specified election dates. Effective January 1, 2008, the~~ Company ~~elected the fair value option~~accounts for its junior subordinated debt issued under USB Capital Trust ~~II.~~II at fair value. The Company believes the election of fair value accounting for the junior subordinated debentures better reflects the true economic value of the debt instrument on the balance sheet. ~~The~~As of March 31, 2020, the rate paid on the junior subordinated debt issued under USB Capital Trust II is 3-month LIBOR plus 129 basis points, and is adjusted quarterly.

At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Company performed a fair value measurement analysis on its junior subordinated debt using a cash flow model approach to determine the present value of those cash flows. The cash flow model utilizes the forward 3-month LIBOR curve to estimate future quarterly interest payments due over the thirty-year life of the debt instrument. These cash flows were discounted at a rate which incorporates a current market rate for similar-term debt instruments, adjusted for additional credit and liquidity risks associated with the junior subordinated debt. We believe the ~~4.88%~~5.07% discount rate used represents what a market participant would consider under the circumstances based on current market assumptions. At ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the total cumulative gain recorded on the debt is ~~$2,086,000.~~

$4,014,000.

The net fair value calculation performed as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 resulted in a net pretax ~~loss~~gain adjustment of ~~$336,000~~$2,253,000 ($~~205,000,~~1,587,000, net of tax) for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020 compared to a net pretax loss adjustment of ~~$366,000~~$291,000 ($~~224,000,~~205,000, net of tax) for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

For the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020, the net $2,253,000 ($1,587,000, net of tax) fair value gain adjustment was separately presented as a $1,498,000 gain ($1,055,000, net of tax) recognized on the consolidated statements of income, and a $755,000 gain ($532,000, net of tax) associated with the instrument-specific credit risk recognized in other comprehensive income. For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the net ~~$336,000~~$291,000 ($205,000, net of tax) fair value loss adjustment was separately presented as a ~~$911,000~~$414,000 gain ($~~642,000,~~292,000, net of tax) recognized on the consolidated statements of income, and a ~~$1,247,000~~$705,000 loss ($~~878,000,~~497,000, net of tax) associated with the ~~instrument specific~~instrument-specific credit risk recognized in other comprehensive income. ~~For~~The Company calculated the ~~six months ended June 30, 2018,~~change in the ~~net $366,000 ($224,000, net of tax) fair value loss adjustment was separately presented as a $661,000 loss ($464,000, net of tax) recognized~~discounted cash flows based on ~~the consolidated statements of income, and a $295,000 gain ($207,000, net of tax) associated with the instrument specific~~updated market credit ~~risk recognized in other comprehensive income.~~

~~The net fair value calculation performed as of June 30, 2019 resulted in a net pretax loss adjustment of $45,000 ($27,000, net of tax)~~spreads for the ~~three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to a net pretax loss adjustment of $464,000 (283,000, net of tax) for the three months ended June 30, 2018.~~

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the net $45,000 ($27,000, net of tax) fair value loss adjustment was separately presented as a $497,000 gain ($350,000, net of tax) recognized on the consolidated statements of income, and a $542,000 loss ($382,000, net of tax) associated with the instrument specific credit risk recognized in other comprehensive income. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, the net $464,000 (283,000, net of tax) fair value loss adjustment was separately presented as a $192,000 loss ($135,000, net of tax) recognized on the consolidated statements of income, and a $272,000 loss ($191,000, net of tax) associated with the instrument specific credit risk recognized in other comprehensive income.periods ended.


13.	Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure

The following summary disclosures are made in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC Topic 825, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ~~(formerly Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107,~~ ~~Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments~~), which requires the disclosure of fair value information about both on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments where it is practicable to estimate that value.

Generally accepted accounting guidance clarifies the definition of fair value, describes methods used to appropriately measure fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and expands fair value disclosure requirements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements.

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3). Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (as defined) for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are

unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk).

The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments and the level of the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurements are categorized at the periods indicated:


June 30, 2019
March 31, 2020											March 31, 2020
(in 000's)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Carrying Amount	Estimated Fair Value	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1	Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2	Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	309,460	$	309,460	$	309,460	$	—	$	—
Investment securities	63,632		59,863		3,769		59,863		—		97,486	97,486	3,791	93,695	—
Loans	564,358		552,173		—		—		552,173		614,566	607,271	—	—	607,271
Accrued interest receivable	10,314		10,314		—		10,314		—		8,285	8,285	—	8,285	—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	304,172		304,172		304,172		—		—		324,167	324,167	324,167	—	—
NOW and money market	404,416		404,416		404,416		—		—		370,382	370,382	370,382	—	—
Savings	92,274		92,274		92,274		—		—		84,140	84,140	84,140	—	—
Time deposits	70,053		69,735		—		—		69,735		61,748	62,149	—	—	62,149
Total deposits	870,915		870,597		800,862		—		69,735		840,437	840,838	778,689	—	62,149
Junior subordinated debt	10,496		10,496		—		—		10,496		8,546	8,546	—	—	8,546
Accrued interest payable	77		77		—		77		—		50	50	—	50	—


December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019											December 31, 2019
(in 000's)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Carrying Amount	Estimated Fair Value	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1	Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2	Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	220,337	$	220,337	$	220,337	$	—	$	—
Investment securities	70,085		70,085		3,659		66,426		—		80,088	80,088	3,776	76,312	—
Loans	579,419		566,195		—		—		566,195		588,646	581,695	—	—	581,695
Accrued interest receivable	8,341		8,341		—		8,341		—		8,208	8,208	—	8,208	—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	292,720		292,720		292,720		—		—		311,950	311,950	311,950	—	—
NOW and money market	340,445		340,445		340,445		—		—		360,934	360,934	360,934	—	—
Savings	90,046		90,046		90,046		—		—		80,078	80,078	80,078	—	—
Time deposits	82,432		81,745		—		—		81,745		65,400	65,236	—	—	65,236
Total deposits	805,643		804,956		723,211		—		81,745		818,362	818,198	752,962	—	65,236
Junior subordinated debt	10,155		10,155		—		—		10,155		10,808	10,808	—	—	10,808
Accrued interest payable	57		57		—		57		—		59	59	—	59	—

The Company performs fair value measurements on certain assets and liabilities as the result of the application of current accounting guidelines. Some fair value measurements, such as investment securities and junior subordinated debt are performed on a recurring basis, while others, such as impairment of loans, other real estate owned, goodwill and other intangibles, are performed on a nonrecurring basis.

The Company’s Level 1 financial assets consist of money market funds and highly liquid mutual funds for which fair values are based on quoted market prices. The Company’s Level 2 financial assets include highly liquid debt instruments of U.S. government agencies, collateralized mortgage obligations, and debt obligations of states and political subdivisions, whose fair

values are obtained from readily-available pricing sources for the identical or similar underlying security that may, or may not, be actively traded. The Company’s Level 3 financial assets include certain instruments where the assumptions may be made by us or third parties about assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. From time to time, the Company recognizes transfers between Level 1, 2, and 3 when a change in circumstances warrants a transfer. There were no transfers in or out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020.

The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis:

Investment Securities – Available for sale and marketable equity securities are valued based upon open-market price quotes obtained from reputable third-party brokers that actively make a market in those securities. Market pricing is based upon specific CUSIP identification for each individual security. To the extent there are observable prices in the market, the mid-point of the bid/ask price is used to determine fair value of individual securities. If that data is not available for the last 30 days, a Level 2-type matrix pricing approach based on comparable securities in the market is utilized. Level 2 pricing may include using a forward spread from the last observable trade or may use a proxy bond like a TBA mortgage to come up with a price for the security being valued. Changes in fair market value are recorded through other comprehensive loss as the securities are available for sale.

Impaired Loans - Fair value measurements for collateral dependent impaired loans are performed pursuant to authoritative accounting guidance and are based upon either collateral values supported by third party appraisals and observed market prices. Collateral dependent loans are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral. Changes are recorded directly as an adjustment to current earnings.

Other Real Estate Owned - Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. Fair values are

generally based on third party appraisals of the property, resulting in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized.

Junior Subordinated Debt – The fair value of the junior subordinated debt was determined based upon a discounted cash flows model utilizing observable market rates and credit characteristics for similar debt instruments. In its analysis, the Company used characteristics that market participants generally use, and considered factors specific to (a) the liability, (b) the principal (or most advantageous) market for the liability, and (c) market participants with whom the reporting entity would transact in that market. Cash flows are discounted at a rate which incorporates a current market rate for similar-term debt instruments, adjusted for credit and liquidity risks associated with similar junior subordinated debt and circumstances unique to the Company. The Company believes that the subjective nature of ~~theses~~these inputs, ~~due primarily to~~and credit concerns in the ~~current economic environment,~~capital markets and inactivity in the trust preferred markets that have limited the observability of the market spreads, require the junior subordinated debt to be classified as a Level 3 fair value.

The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, unobservable input, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring basis at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:

June 30, 2019

December 31, 2018

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Financial Instrument

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Weighted Average

Financial Instrument

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Weighted Average

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Weighted Average

Financial Instrument

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Weighted Average

Junior Subordinated Debt

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

4.88%

Junior Subordinated Debt

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

5.86%

Discounted cash flow

Market credit risk adjusted spreads

5.07%

Junior Subordinated Debt

Discounted cash flow

Market credit risk adjusted spreads

4.46%

Management believes that the credit risk adjusted spread utilized in the fair value measurement of the junior subordinated debentures carried at fair value is indicative of the nonperformance risk premium a willing market participant would require under current market conditions, that is, the inactive market. Management attributes the change in fair value of the junior subordinated debentures during the period to market changes in the nonperformance expectations and pricing of this type of debt, and not as a result of changes to our entity-specific credit risk. The narrowing of the credit risk adjusted spread above the Company’s contractual spreads has primarily contributed to the negative fair value adjustments.debt. Generally, an increase in the credit risk adjusted spread and/or a decrease in the three month LIBOR swap curve will result in positive fair value adjustments (and decrease the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the credit risk adjusted spread and/or an increase in the three month LIBOR swap curve will result in negative fair value adjustments (and increase the fair value measurement). The increase in discount rate between the periods ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 is primarily due to increases in rates for similar debt instruments.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 (in 000’s):


Description of Assets	June 30, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		March 31, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
AFS Securities (2):
U.S. Government agencies	$	33,380	$	—	$	33,380	$	—	$	37,553	$	—	$	37,553	$	—
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations	26,483		—		26,483		—		52,664		—		52,664		—
Asset-backed securities									3,478				$	3,478
Total AFS securities	$	59,863	$	—	$	59,863	$	—	$	93,695	$	—	$	93,695	$	—

Marketable equity securities (2)	3,769		3,769		—		—		3,791		3,791		—		—

Impaired loans (1):
Real estate mortgage									—		—		—		—
Total impaired loans									—		—		—		—
Total	$	63,632	$	3,769	$	59,863	$	—	$	97,486	$	3,791	$	93,695	$	—


Description of Liabilities	June 30, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		March 31, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Junior subordinated debt (2)	$	10,496	—	—	$	10,496	$	8,546	—	—	$	8,546
Total	$	10,496	—	—	$	10,496	$	8,546	—	—	$	8,546

(1)Nonrecurring

(2)Recurring

There were no non-recurring fair value adjustments at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000’s):


Description of Assets	December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
AFS Securities (2):
U.S. Government agencies	$	36,527	$	—	$	36,527	$	—	$	28,699	$	—	$	28,699	$	—
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations	29,899		—		29,899		—		47,613		—		47,613		—
Total AFS securities	66,426		—		66,426		$	—	76,312		—		76,312		$	—

Marketable equity securities (2)	3,659		3,659		—		—		3,776		3,776		—		—
Impaired Loans (1):
Real estate mortgage	389		—		—		389		144		—		—		144
Total impaired loans	389		—		—		389		144		—		—		144
Total	$	70,474	$	3,659	$	66,426	$	389	$	80,232	$	3,776	$	76,312	$	144



Description of Liabilities	December 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Junior subordinated debt (2)	$	10,808	$	—	$	—	$	10,808
Total	$	10,808	$	—	$	—	$	10,808

Description of Liabilities December 31, 2018
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Junior subordinated debt (2) $ 10,155
$ —
$ —
$ 10,155
Total $ 10,155
$ —
$ —
$ 10,155

(1)Nonrecurring

(2)Recurring

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for the Company's assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's). ~~There were no assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2019.~~

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2019

Financial Instrument

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Adjustment Percentage

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Adjustment Percentage

Impaired Loans:

Real estate mortgage

$389

Fair Value of Collateral Method for Collateral Dependent Loans

Adjustment for difference between appraised value and net realizable value

9.43%

$144

Fair Value of Collateral Method for Collateral Dependent Loans

Adjustment for difference between appraised value and net realizable value

6.00%

The following tables provide a reconciliation of assets and liabilities at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the ~~three~~quarters ended March 31, 2020 and ~~six months ended June 30,~~ 2019 ~~and 2018~~ (in 000’s):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019			Three Months Ended June 30, 2018		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019			Six Months Ended June 30, 2018			Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Reconciliation of Liabilities:	Junior Subordinated Debt			Junior Subordinated Debt		Junior Subordinated Debt			Junior Subordinated Debt			Junior Subordinated Debt			Junior Subordinated Debt
Beginning balance	$	10,454		$	9,641	$	10,155		$	9,730		$	10,808		$	10,155
Gross (gain) loss included in earnings	(497		)	192		(911		)	661
Gross loss (gain) related to changes in instrument specific credit risk	542			272		1,247			(295		)
Gross gain included in earnings												(1,498		)	(414		)
Gross (gain) loss related to changes in instrument specific credit risk												(755		)	705
Change in accrued interest	(3		)	20		5			29			(9		)	8
Ending balance	$	10,496		$	10,125	$	10,496		$	10,125		$	8,546		$	10,454
The amount of total (gain) loss for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to liabilities still held at the reporting date	$	(497	)	$	192	$	(911	)	$	661
The amount of total gain for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to liabilities still held at the reporting date												$	(1,498	)	$	(414	)


14.	Goodwill and Intangible Assets

At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Company had goodwill in the amount of $4,488,000 in connection with various business combinations and purchases. This amount was unchanged from the balance of $4,488,000 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019. While goodwill is not amortized, the Company does conduct periodic impairment analysis on goodwill at least annually or more often as conditions require. The Company performed its analysis of goodwill impairment and concluded goodwill was not impaired at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.


15.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income, included in shareholders’ equity, are as follows:


	June 30, 2019									December 31, 2018								March 31, 2020									December 31, 2019
(in 000's)	Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities			Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans			Net unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures			Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities			Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans			Net unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures		Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities			Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans			Net unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures			Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities			Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans			Net unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures
Beginning balance	$	(372	)	$	(459	)	$	1,505		$	(248	)	$	(462	)	$	—	$	(175	)	$	(675	)	$	218		$	(372	)	$	(459	)	$	1,505
Reclassifications upon adoption of ASU 2016-01	—			—			—			184			—			1,482
Adjusted beginning balance	(372		)	(459		)	1,505			(64		)	(462		)	1,482
Current period comprehensive income (loss)	393			20			(879		)	(308		)	3			23		(88		)	14			532			197			(216		)	(1,287		)
Ending balance	$	21		$	(439	)	$	626		$	(372	)	$	(459	)	$	1,505	$	(263	)	$	(661	)	$	750		$	(175	)	$	(675	)	$	218
Accumulated other comprehensive income							$	208								$	674
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income																								$	(174	)							$	(632	)


16.	Investment in York Monterey Properties

In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Bank wholly-owns an interest in subsidiary York Monterey Properties Inc., organized as a California corporation. The Bank capitalized the subsidiary through a transfer of eight unimproved lots at a historical cost of $5.3 million comprised of approximately 186.97 acres in the York Highlands subdivision of the Monterra Ranch residential development in Monterey County, California ("Properties") together with $250,000 in cash. The Bank transferred the Properties to York Monterey Properties Inc, in order to maintain ownership beyond the ten year regulatory holding period applicable to a national bank. The Bank acquired five of the lots through a non-judicial foreclosure on or about May 29, 2009. In addition, the Bank purchased three of the lots from another bank. The Bank had continuously held the Properties since the date of foreclosure and acquisition. At the time of transfer, the Properties had reached the end of the ten year regulatory holding period limit.

As of the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Bank's investment in York Monterey Properties Inc. totaled $5,552,000. York Monterey Properties Inc. is included within the consolidated financial statements of the company, with $5,308,000 of the total investment recognized within the balance of other real estate owned on the consolidated balance sheets.


17.	Subsequent Events

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Nonrecognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date. Management has reviewed events occurring through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued and have identified no subsequent events requiring disclosure.

Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Certain matters discussed or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following factors: i) the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the effects of the steps being taken to address the pandemic and their impact on the Company’s market and employees; ii) competitive pressures in the banking industry and changes in the regulatory environment; ~~ii)~~iii) exposure to changes in the interest rate environment and the resulting impact on the Company’s interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities; ~~iii)~~iv) decline in the health of the economy nationally or regionally which could reduce the demand for loans or reduce the value of real estate collateral securing most of the Company’s loans; ~~iv)~~v) credit quality deterioration that could cause an increase in the provision for loan losses; v)vi) Asset/Liability matching risks and liquidity risks; ~~vi)~~vii) volatility and devaluation in the securities markets, ~~vi)~~viii) expected cost savings from recent acquisitions are not realized, ~~vii)~~ix) potential impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets, and ~~viii)~~x) technology implementation problems and information security breaches. Therefore, the information set forth therein should be carefully considered when evaluating the business prospects of the Company. For additional information concerning risks and uncertainties related to the Company and its operations, please refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

United Security Bancshares (the “Company” or “Holding Company") is a California corporation incorporated during March of 2001 and is registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. United Security Bank (the “Bank”) is a wholly-owned bank subsidiary of the Company and was formed in 1987. References to the Company are references to United Security Bancshares (including the Bank). References to the Bank are to United Security Bank, while references to the Holding Company are to the parent only, United Security Bancshares. The Company currently has eleven banking branches, which provide financial services in Fresno, Madera, Kern, and Santa Clara counties in the state of California.

Trends Affecting Results of Operations and Financial Position

The Company’s overall operations are impacted by a number of factors, including not only interest rates and margin spreads, which impact the results of operations, but also the composition of the Company’s balance sheet. One of the primary strategic goals of the Company is to maintain a mix of assets that will generate a reasonable rate of return without undue risk, and to finance those assets with a low-cost and stable source of funds. Liquidity and capital resources must also be considered in the planning process to mitigate risk and allow for growth.

Since the Bank primarily conducts banking operations in California’s Central Valley, its operations and cash flows are subject to changes in the economic condition of the Central Valley. Our business results are dependent in large part upon the business activity, population, income levels, deposits and real estate activity in the Central Valley, and declines in economic conditions can have adverse material effects upon the Bank. In addition, the Central Valley remains largely dependent on agriculture. A downturn in agriculture and agricultural related business could indirectly and adversely affect the Company as many borrowers and customers are involved in, or are impacted to some extent, by the agricultural industry. While a great number of our borrowers are not directly involved in agriculture, they would likely be impacted by difficulties in the agricultural industry since many jobs in our market areas are ancillary to the regular production, processing, marketing and sale of agricultural commodities. In recent periods, the imposition by the US of tariffs on China and several other countries has resulted in retaliation by those countries against US agricultural imports. This has created a high degree of uncertainty and disruption in the agricultural community in the Central Valley due to the potential to adversely impact prices. Beginning in 2011, the state of California recently experienced one of the worst droughts in recorded history. While the drought has subsequently been declared over, it is not possible to quantify the drought's impact on businesses and consumers located in the Company's market areas or to predict adverse economic impacts related to future droughts. In response to the prolonged drought, the California state legislature passed the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act with the purpose to ensure better local and regional management of groundwater use and sustainable groundwater management in California by 2042. The local districts will develop, prepare, and begin implementation of the Groundwater Sustainability Plans as early as 2020. The effect of such plans to Central Valley agriculture, if any, is still unknown.

COVID-19

The ~~residential real estate markets in~~COVID-19 pandemic has already impacted the ~~five county region from Merced to Kern has strengthened greatly and that trend has continued in 2019. Housing~~local economy in the Central ~~Valley continues~~Valley. Federal, State and local shelter-in-place recommendations were enacted in our markets in March 2020 causing many businesses to close and workers to be ~~relatively more affordable than~~furloughed or lose jobs. Essential purpose entities such as medical professionals, food and agricultural businesses, and transportation and logistical businesses were exempted from the ~~major metropolitan areas~~closures; however, unemployment rates are increasing in ~~California.~~our

local market area. As of February 29, 2020, the ~~Company continues its business development~~unemployment rate in Fresno County was 8.5%. According to a study performed by the Center for Business & Policy Research at the University of the Pacific, the unemployment rate in the Company’s market area is projected to climb to 18% to 21% in May 2020, and ~~expansion efforts throughout its market areas, it maintains its commitment~~to 19% for the state of California.

Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve have taken several actions designed to cushion the economic fallout. Most notably, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law at the end of March 2020 as a $2 trillion legislative package. The goal of the CARES Act is to prevent a severe economic downturn through various measures, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors. The package also includes extensive emergency funding for hospitals and providers. In addition to the ~~reduction~~general impact of ~~nonperforming assets and provision~~COVID-19, certain provisions of ~~options for borrowers experiencing difficulties. Those options include combinations of rate and term concessions,~~the CARES Act as well as ~~forbearance agreements~~other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts may have a material impact on our operations. While it is not possible to know the full universe or extent of these impacts as of the date this filing, we are disclosing potentially material items of which we are aware.

Financial position and results of operations

Pertaining to the Company's March 31, 2020 financial condition and results of operations, COVID-19 has had an impact on the allowance for credit losses. While the Company has not yet experienced any charge-offs related to COVID-19, its allowance for credit loss calculation and resulting provision for credit losses are significantly impacted by changes in economic conditions resulting from significant increase in unemployment. Given that economic scenarios have darkened significantly since the pandemic was declared in early March, the credit risk in the loan portfolio has increased resulting in the need for an additional reserve for credit loss. Refer to the discussion of the allowance for credit loss in Note 3 of the unaudited financial statements as well as further discussion later on in MD&A. Should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience further increases in its required allowance for credit loss and record additional provision expense.

The Company's interest income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with ~~borrowers.~~guidance from regulators, the Company is actively working with COVID-19 affected borrowers to defer their payments, interest, and fees. Interest and fees will still accrue to income pursuant to normal GAAP accounting policies. Should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, interest income and fees accrued would need to be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.

Capital and liquidity

As of March 31, 2020, the Company and Bank's capital ratios were in excess of all regulatory requirements. The Company's management team believes that while the Company and Bank have sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, its reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. The Company relies on cash on hand as well as dividends from the Bank to service its debt. If the Bank is unable to pay dividends for an extended period of time, the Company may not be able to service its debt.

The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity. If an extended recession caused large numbers of its deposit customers to withdraw their funds, it might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding. Wholesale funding markets are available to the Company, but rates for short term funding have recently been volatile. If funding costs are elevated for an extended period of time, it could have an adverse effect on net interest margin.

Asset valuation

Currently, the Company does not expect COVID-19 to affect its ability to account timely for the assets on our balance sheet; however, this could change in future periods. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments will change to account for pandemic-related circumstances such as widening credit spreads, the Company does not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with GAAP.

The Company's stock closed below book value at the end of the first quarter of 2020. Management deemed this to be a triggering event to perform a goodwill impairment test. As of March 31, 2020, goodwill was not impaired. COVID-19 could cause a further and sustained decline in the Company's stock price which could cause the Company to re-perform a goodwill impairment test and that could result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. In the event that all or a portion of goodwill is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital. At March 31, 2020, the Company had goodwill of $4,488,000, representing approximately 3.8% of equity.

Processes, controls and business continuity plan

The Company maintains a Business Continuity Plan to prepare, and respond to unforeseen circumstances, such as, natural disasters and pandemics. Upon the COVID-19 pandemic declaration, the Company invoked its Business Continuity Plan. Shortly after invoking the plan, the Company implemented protocols for team member safety, provided timely communication to team members and customers, established remote work capabilities to isolate certain personnel essential to critical business continuity operations, and initiated strategies for monitoring and responding to local COVID-19 impacts. Due to the nature of their functions, many team members continue to operate from physical Company locations, while effectively employing social distancing standards. The Company's Management Team continues to ~~emphasize relationship banking~~meet regularly to anticipate and ~~core deposit growth,~~respond to any future COVID-19 interruptions or developments. As of March 31, 2020, the Company does not anticipate significant challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls in light of the measures it has ~~focused greater attention on~~taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The Company does not currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of its ~~market area of Fresno, Madera,~~business continuity plans.

Lending operations and ~~Kern Counties, as well as Campbell, in Santa Clara County. The San Joaquin Valley and other California markets are exhibiting stronger demand~~accommodations to borrowers

In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation, the Company is executing a payment deferral program for ~~construction lending and~~our commercial lending ~~from small~~clients that are adversely affected by the pandemic. Depending on the demonstrated need of the client, the Company is deferring either the full loan payment or the principal component of the loan payment for up to six months. As of April 23, 2020, the Company has executed 18 of these deferrals on outstanding loan balances of $30,334,000. In accordance with interagency guidance issued in March 2020, these short term deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings.

With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the SBA, the Company is actively participating in assisting our customers with applications for resources through the program. PPP loans have a two-year term and ~~medium size businesses,~~earn interest at 1%. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of April 24, 2020, there were six (6) approved SBA PPP loans representing $2,189,000 in funding. The Company plans to continue processing PPP applications as ~~commercial~~long as funds remain available in the program.

The Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19. The Company is prepared to offer short-term assistance in accordance with regulatory guidelines. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 virus, the Company is engaging in more frequent communication with borrowers to better understand their situation and ~~residential real estate markets have shown improvements.~~the challenges faced, allowing it to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of COVID-19 are prolonged.

The Company continually evaluates its strategic business plan as economic and market factors change in its market area. The Company may see a short-term slowdown in new loan originations due to COVID-19. Balance sheet management, enhancing revenue sources, and maintaining market share will continue to be of primary importance during ~~2019~~2020 and beyond.

Results of Operations

On a year-to-date basis, the Company reported net income of $~~8,104,000~~2,754,000 or $~~0.48~~0.16 per share ($~~0.48~~0.16 diluted), for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, as compared to $~~6,549,000~~4,007,000, or ~~$0.39~~$0.24 per share ($~~0.39~~0.24 diluted), for the same period in ~~2018~~2019. The Company’s return on average assets was ~~1.71%~~1.16% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, as compared to ~~1.57%~~1.71% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019. The Company’s return on average equity was ~~14.57%~~9.37% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, as compared to ~~12.69%~~14.61% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019.

Net Interest Income

The following tables present condensed average balance sheet information, together with interest income and yields earned on average interest earning assets, and interest expense and rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities for the three ~~and six~~ month periods ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~2018.~~2019.

Table 1. Distribution of Average Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:

Interest rates and Interest Differentials

Three Months Ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~


				2019							2018							2020							2019
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)
	Average Balance					Yield/Rate (2)					Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)
Assets:				Interest				Average Balance
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases (1)	$	568,600		$	8,443	5.96	%	$	576,670		$	7,491	5.21	%
Loans (1)															$	603,060		$	8,346	5.57	%	$	578,326		$	8,642	6.06	%
Investment securities (3)	65,268			444		2.73	%	49,752			265		2.14	%	82,101			428		2.10	%	68,293			477		2.83	%
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB	238,898			1,424		2.39	%	148,441			681		1.84	%	178,748			567		1.28	%	215,644			1,298		2.44	%
Total interest-earning assets	872,766			$	10,311	4.74	%	774,863			$	8,437	4.37	%	863,909			$	9,341	4.35	%	862,263			$	10,417	4.90	%
Allowance for credit losses	(8,442		)					(9,291		)					(7,905		)					(8,458		)
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks	29,232							27,067							29,282							28,349
Premises and equipment, net	9,598							10,048							9,363							9,741
Accrued interest receivable	9,229							7,221							7,494							8,217
Other real estate owned	5,745							5,683							6,628							5,745
Other assets	42,347							36,675							44,953							41,727
Total average assets	$	960,475						$	852,266						$	953,724						$	947,584
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW accounts	$	106,381		$	37	0.14	%	$	103,767		$	37	0.14	%	$	111,459		$	40	0.14	%	$	110,482		$	39	0.14	%
Money market accounts	250,701			559		0.89	%	190,724			328		0.69	%	245,425			428		0.70	%	242,803			511		0.85	%
Savings accounts	92,498			82		0.36	%	82,623			47		0.23	%	81,301			32		0.16	%	91,503			78		0.35	%
Time deposits	72,728			212		1.17	%	65,683			138		0.84	%	62,841			164		1.05	%	77,669			206		1.08	%
Junior subordinated debentures	10,378			118		4.56	%	9,493			109		4.61	%	10,714			97		3.64	%	10,090			123		4.94	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	532,686			$	1,008	0.76	%	452,290			$	659	0.58	%	511,740			$	761	0.60	%	532,547			$	957	0.73	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing checking	305,211							290,490							314,389							294,801
Accrued interest payable	209							119							152							181
Other liabilities	9,286							5,366							9,527							8,844
Total liabilities	847,392							748,265							835,808							836,373

Total shareholders' equity	113,083							104,001							117,916							111,211
Total average liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	960,475						$	852,266						$	953,724						$	947,584
Interest income as a percentage of average earning assets						4.74	%						4.37	%						4.35	%						4.90	%
Interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets						0.46	%						0.34	%						0.35	%						0.45	%
Net interest margin						4.28	%						4.03	%						4.00	%						4.45	%

(1)

Loan amounts include nonaccrual loans, but the related interest income has been included only if collected for the period prior to the loan being placed on a nonaccrual basis. Loan interest income includes loan ~~fees~~fee income of approximately ~~$67,000~~$31,000 for the ~~quarter~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and loan ~~costs~~fee income of ~~$718,000~~$32,000 for the ~~quarter~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.


(2)	Interest income/expense is divided by actual number of days in the period times 365 days in the yield calculation


(3)	Yields on investments securities are calculated based on average amortized cost balances rather than fair value, as changes in fair value are reflected as a component of shareholders' equity.

~~Interest Rates and Interest Differentials~~

~~Six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018~~

2019 2018
(dollars in 000's) Average Balance Interest Yield/Rate (2) Average Balance Interest Yield/Rate (2)

Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases (1) $ 573,436
$ 17,085
6.01 % $ 590,905
$ 15,717
5.36 %
Investment securities (3) 66,772
921
2.78 % 47,381
457
1.95 %
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB 227,335
2,722
2.41 % 124,215
1,065
1.73 %
Total interest-earning assets 867,543
$ 20,728
4.82 % 762,501
$ 17,239
4.56 %
Allowance for credit losses (8,449 )

(9,364 )

Noninterest-earning assets:

Cash and due from banks 28,793

26,906

Premises and equipment, net 9,669

10,157

Accrued interest receivable 8,726

6,768

Other real estate owned 5,745

5,745

Other assets 42,039

36,930

Total average assets $ 954,066

$ 839,643

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:

Interest-bearing liabilities:

NOW accounts $ 108,420
$ 76
0.14 % $ 97,124
$ 66
0.14 %
Money market accounts 246,774
1,070
0.87 % 174,985
525
0.61 %
Savings accounts 92,003
160
0.35 % 83,352
94
0.23 %
Time deposits 75,185
418
1.12 % 66,547
252
0.76 %
Junior subordinated debentures 10,235
241
4.75 % 9,641
199
4.16 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 532,617
$ 1,965
0.74 % 431,649
$ 1,136
0.53 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:

Noninterest-bearing checking 300,035

297,712

Accrued interest payable 195

110

Other liabilities 9,067

6,089

Total liabilities 841,914

735,560

Total shareholders' equity 112,152

104,083

Total average liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 954,066

$ 839,643

Interest income as a percentage of average earning assets

4.82 %

4.56 %
Interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets

0.46 %

0.30 %
Net interest margin

4.36 %

4.26 %


~~(1)~~	Loan amounts include nonaccrual loans, but the related interest income has been included only if collected for the period prior to the loan being placed on a nonaccrual basis. Loan interest income includes loan costs of $35,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and loan costs of approximately $834,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018.


~~(2)~~	~~Interest income/expense is divided by actual number of days in the period times 365 days in the yield calculation~~


~~(3)~~	~~Yields on investments securities are calculated based on average amortized cost balances rather than fair value, as changes in fair value are reflected as a component of shareholders' equity.~~

~~After declining to a low of 3.25% in 2008, the~~The prime rate ~~has increased steadily since 2015~~decreased from 4.75% at December 31, 2019 to ~~reach its present rate~~3.25% during the first quarter of ~~5.50%.~~2020. Future increases or decreases will affect both interest income and expense and the resultant net interest margin.

Both the Company's net interest income and net interest margin are affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as "volume change." Both are also affected by changes in yields on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as "rate change." The following table sets forth the changes in interest income and interest expense for each major category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability, and the amount of change attributable to volume and rate changes for the periods indicated.

Table 2. Rate and Volume Analysis

Increase (decrease) in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to June 30, 2018
(in 000's) Total Rate Volume
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans and leases $ 1,368
$ 1,853
$ (485 )
Investment securities available for sale 464
239
225
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB 1,657
185
1,472
Total interest income 3,489
2,277
1,212
Increase in interest expense:

Interest-bearing demand accounts 555
342
213
Savings and money market accounts 66
55
11
Time deposits 166
130
36
Subordinated debentures 42
29
13
Total interest expense 829
556
273
Increase in net interest income $ 2,660
$ 1,721
$ 939

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, total interest income increased approximately $3,489,000, or 20.24%, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. Average earning asset volumes for loans and leases decreased $17,469,000. Overnight investments with the FRB increased $103,120,000, and available for sale investment securities increased $19,391,000 between the two periods. The average yield on loans increased 65 basis points between the two periods, and the average yield on investment securities increased approximately 83 basis points during the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.


	Increase (decrease) in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to June 30, 2018								Increase (decrease) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to March 31, 2019
(in 000's)	Total		Rate			Volume			Total			Rate			Volume
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans and leases	$	952	$	1,060		$	(108	)
Loans									$	(296	)	$	(679	)	$	383
Investment securities available for sale	179		85			94			(49		)	(136		)	87
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks									—			—			—
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB	743		121			622			(731		)	(644		)	(87		)
Total interest income	1,874		1,266			608			(1,076		)	(1,459		)	383
Increase in interest expense:
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	231		144			87			(82		)	(88		)	6
Savings and money market accounts	35		29			6			(46		)	(38		)	(8		)
Time deposits	74		58			16			(42		)	(5		)	(37		)
Other borrowings									—			—			—
Subordinated debentures	9		(1		)	10			(26		)	(33		)	7
Total interest expense	349		230			119			(196		)	(164		)	(32		)
Increase in net interest income	$	1,525	$	1,036		$	489
Increase (decrease) in net interest income									$	(880	)	$	(1,295	)	$	415

For the three months ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, total interest income ~~increased $1,874,000,~~decreased $1,076,000, or ~~22.21%~~10.33%, as compared to the ~~quarter~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2018. Comparing those~~March 31, 2019. In comparing the two periods, average interest earning assets increased ~~$97,903,000,~~$1,646,000, with an increase of $24,734,000 in loan balances and an increase of $13,808,000 in investment securities, offset by a ~~$90,457,000 increase~~$36,896,000 decrease in balances held at the Federal Reserve ~~Bank~~Bank. Investment securities yields decreased 74 basis points and ~~a $15,516,000 increase in investment securities, partially offset by a $8,070,000 decrease in loans and leases.~~loan yields decreased 49 basis points. The average yield on total interest-earning assets ~~increased 37~~decreased 55 basis points. ~~Investment~~The decrease in yields are a result of repricing of variable rate loans, floating rate investment securities, ~~yields increased 59 basis points~~ and ~~loan yields increased 75 basis points.~~interest-bearing deposits in FRB at lower rates. Interest-bearing deposits in FRB are the Company's lowest-yielding interest-earning asset.

The overall average yield on the loan portfolio ~~increased~~decreased to ~~6.01%~~5.57% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, as compared to ~~5.36%~~6.06% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended June 30, 2018. The yield on loans for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes $550,000 in write-downs of unamortized insurance premiums on the student loan portfolio which was the result of the dissolution of the insurance carrier and $175,000 in reversal of accrued interest on nonaccrual loan activity.March 31, 2019. The Company has ~~successfully~~ sought to mitigate the low-interest rate environment with loan floors included in new and renewed loans when practical. At ~~June 30, 2019, 56.7%~~March 31, 2020, 56.2% of the Company's loan portfolio consisted of floating rate instruments, as compared to ~~55.3%~~54.2% of the portfolio at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, with the majority of those tied to the prime rate. Approximately ~~11.6%~~15.3%, or ~~$37,856,000,~~$53,695,000, of the floating rate loans had rate floors at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, making them effectively fixed-rate loans for certain ~~increases~~decreases in interest rates. None of the loans with floors have floor spreads of 100 basis points or more.

~~Although market rates~~The Company’s net interest margin decreased to 4.00% for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, when compared to 4.45% for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. The net interest margin decreased primarily as a result of ~~interest remain at low levels,~~decreases in the yields of average earnings assets.

The Company’s disciplined deposit pricing efforts have helped keep the Company's cost of funds low. The Company’s net interest margin increased to 4.36% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, when compared to 4.26% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The net interest margin increased due to increases in deposit yields, increases in the loan portfolio yield, increases in the yield on investment securities, and increases in the yield on overnight investments held at correspondent banks. Due to the increase in interest rates paid on ~~deposits and the increase in~~ interest-bearing ~~NOW and money market deposit balances, the Company’s average cost of funds rose~~liabilities decreased to ~~0.74%~~0.60% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, as compared to ~~0.53%~~0.73% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. For the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, total interest expense ~~increased~~decreased approximately ~~$829,000,~~$196,000, or ~~72.98%~~20.48%, as compared to the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. Between those two periods, average interest-bearing liabilities ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$100,968,000~~$20,807,000 due to decreases in savings accounts and time deposits, partially offset by increases in NOW, money market, ~~savings accounts, and time deposits.~~. While the Company may utilize brokered deposits as an additional source of funding, the Company held no brokered deposits at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

Table 3. Interest-Earning Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the year-to-date averages of the components of interest-earning assets as a percentage of total interest-earning assets and the components of interest-bearing liabilities as a percentage of total interest-bearing liabilities:


	YTD Average 6/30/2019	YTD Average 12/31/18	YTD Average 6/30/2018	YTD Average 3/31/2020	YTD Average 12/31/19	YTD Average 3/31/2019
Loans	66.11%	73.27%	77.50%	69.81%	66.14%	67.08%
Investment securities available for sale	7.70%	6.91%	6.21%	9.50%	8.20%	7.92%
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB	26.19%	19.82%	16.29%	20.69%	25.66%	25.00%
Total interest-earning assets	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

NOW accounts	20.36%	22.21%	22.50%	21.78%	20.50%	20.75%
Money market accounts	46.33%	41.82%	40.54%	47.96%	47.69%	45.60%
Savings accounts	17.27%	18.72%	19.32%	15.89%	16.31%	17.18%
Time deposits	14.12%	15.10%	15.42%	12.28%	13.55%	14.58%
Subordinated debentures	1.92%	2.15%	2.22%	2.09%	1.95%	1.89%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

Noninterest Income

Table 4. Changes in Noninterest Income

The following tables sets forth the amount and percentage changes in the categories presented for the three ~~and six~~ month periods ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~2018:~~

2019:


(in 000's)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019			Three Months Ended June 30, 2018			Amount of Change			Percent Change		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			Amount of Change			Percent Change
Customer service fees	$	830		1,020			$	(190	)	(18.63	)%	$	728	809			$	(81	)	(10.01	)%
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	147			132			15			11.36	%	131		145			(14		)	(9.66	)%
Gain (loss) on fair value of marketable equity securities	53			(18		)	71			(394.44	)%
Gain (loss) on fair value of junior subordinated debentures	497			(192		)	689			(358.85	)%
Unrealized gain on fair value of marketable equity securities												15		57			(42		)	(73.68	)%
Gain on fair value of junior subordinated debentures												1,498		414			1,084			261.84	%
Loss on dissolution of real estate investment trust	(5		)	—			(5		)	—	%	—		(109		)	109			(100.00	)%
Gain on sale of assets	6			29			(23		)	(79.31	)%
Other	201			198			3			1.52	%	208		207			1			0.48	%
Total noninterest income	$	1,729		$	1,169		$	560		47.90	%	$	2,580	$	1,523		$	1,057		69.40	%

Noninterest income for the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 increased ~~$560,000~~$1,057,000 to ~~$1,729,000,~~$2,580,000, compared to the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The increase is mostly attributed to an increase in the recorded fair value of junior subordinated debentures of ~~$689,000, offset by a decrease of $190,000 in customer services fees~~$1,084,000 for the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The change in fair value of junior subordinated debentures recorded in non-interest income was caused by fluctuations in the LIBOR yield curve. ~~The decrease in customer service fees was due to the closure of the Financial Services department in the third quarter of 2018.~~

(in 000's)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Amount of
Change

Percent
Change
Customer service fees $ 1,639
$ 1,971
$ (332 ) (16.84 )%
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance 292
257
35
13.62 %
Gain (loss) on fair value of marketable equity securities 110
(78 ) 188
(241.03 )%
Gain on proceeds from bank-owned life insurance —
171
(171 ) (100.00 )%
Gain (loss) on fair value of junior subordinated debentures 911
(661 ) 1,572
(237.82 )%
Loss on dissolution of real estate investment trust
(114 ) —
(114 ) (100.00 )%
Gain on sale of assets 6
29
(23 ) (79.31 )%
Other 408
403
5
1.24 %
Total noninterest income $ 3,252
$ 2,092
$ 1,160
55.45 %

Noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1,160,000 to $3,252,000, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is mostly attributed to the the gain on fair value of junior subordinated debentures of $911,000 recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the loss on fair value of $661,000 recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $332,000 in customer services fees and a gain on death benefit proceeds from bank owned life insurance of $171,000 recorded during 2018. The change in fair value of junior subordinated debentures recorded in non-interest income was caused by fluctuations in the LIBOR yield curve. The decrease in customer service fees was due to the closure of the Financial Services department in the third quarter of 2018.

Noninterest Expense

Table 5. Changes in Noninterest Expense

The following table sets forth the amount and percentage changes in the categories presented for the three ~~and six~~ month periods ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:


(in 000's)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Three Months Ended June 30, 2018		Amount of Change			Percent Change		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019		Amount of Change			Percent Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	2,760	$	3,010	$	(250	)	(8.31	)%	$	2,995	$	2,772	$	223		8.04	%
Occupancy expense	808		834		(26		)	(3.12	)%	853		813		40			4.92	%
Data processing	144		99		45			45.45	%	112		107		5			4.67	%
Professional fees	746		614		132			21.50	%	702		813		(111		)	(13.65	)%
Regulatory assessments	83		78		5			6.41	%	85		93		(8		)	(8.60	)%
Director fees	95		81		14			17.28	%	94		91		3			3.30	%
Loss on California tax credit partnership	—		5		(5		)	(100.00	)%
Correspondent bank service charges	14		17		(3		)	(17.65	)%	15		14		1			7.14	%
Net cost on operation of OREO	87		49		38			77.55	%	153		65		88			135.38	%
Other	525		531		(6		)	(1.13	)%	582		579		3			0.52	%
Total expense	$	5,262	$	5,318	$	(56	)	(1.05	)%	$	5,591	$	5,347	$	244		4.56	%

Noninterest expense for the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019 decreased $56,000~~March 31, 2020 increased $244,000 to ~~$5,262,000,~~$5,591,000, compared to the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase was attributed to ~~decreases~~increases in ~~salaries~~salary and employee benefits, net OREO costs, and occupancy expense, partially offset by ~~increases~~decreases in professional fees and ~~data processing expenses.~~regulatory assessments. The ~~decrease~~increase in salary and employee benefits was primarily due to aan increase in officer incentive expense. The decrease ~~in employee salary expense and compensation expense related to equity awards. The increase~~ in professional fees was ~~the result of an increase~~related to decreases in legal fees.

(in 000's)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Amount of
Change

Percent
Change
Salaries and employee benefits $ 5,532
$ 5,971
$ (439 ) (7.35 )%
Occupancy expense 1,621
1,599
22
1.38 %
Data processing 251
211
40
18.96 %
Professional fees 1,559
1,142
417
36.51 %
Regulatory assessments 176
161
15
9.32 %
Director fees 186
162
24
14.81 %
Correspondent bank service charges 28
34
(6 ) (17.65 )%
Loss on California tax credit partnership —
9
(9 ) (100.00 )%
Net cost on operation of OREO 152
100
52
52.00 %
Other 1,104
929
175
18.84 %
Total expense $ 10,609
$ 10,318
$ 291
2.82 %

Noninterest expense increased approximately $291,000, or 2.82%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase experienced during the six months ended June 30, 2019, was primarily the result of increases of $417,000 in professional fees related to increases in corporate legal expenses, and $22,000 in occupancy expense. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $439,000 in salaries and employee benefits related to a decrease in stock compensation expense resulting from the issuance of equity awards. Increases in other expenses included an increase of $73,000 in the provision for unfunded loan commitments.

Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense is impacted to some degree by permanent taxable differences between income reported for book purposes and income reported for tax purposes, as well as certain tax credits which are not reflected in the Company’s pretax income or loss shown in the statements of operations and comprehensive income. As pretax income or loss amounts become smaller, the impact of these differences become more significant and are reflected as variances in the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods presented. In general, the permanent differences and tax credits affecting tax expense have a positive impact and tend to reduce the effective tax rates shown in the Company’s statements of income and comprehensive income.

The Company reviews its current tax positions at least quarterly based on the accounting standards related to uncertainty in income taxes which includes the criteria that an individual tax position would have to meet for some or all of the income tax benefit to be recognized in a taxable entity’s financial statements. Under the income tax guidelines, an entity should recognize the financial

statement benefit of a tax position if it determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent. In assessing whether the more-likely-than-not criterion is met, the entity should assume that the tax position will be reviewed by the applicable taxing authority.

The Company has reviewed all of its tax positions as of ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and has determined that, there are no material amounts to be recorded under the current income tax accounting guidelines.

The Company's effective tax rate for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~28.89%~~28.69% compared to 28.83% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

Financial Condition

Total assets increased $~~73,435,000~~20,327,000, or ~~7.87%~~2.12%, to a balance of $~~1,006,493,000~~977,246,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, from the balance of $~~933,058,000~~956,919,000 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019, and increased $~~151,689,000~~13,206,000, or ~~17.75%~~1.37%, from the balance of ~~$854,804,000~~$964,040,000 at ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019. Total deposits of $~~870,915,000~~840,437,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, increased $~~65,272,000~~22,075,000, or ~~8.10%~~2.70%, from the balance reported at December 31, ~~2018~~2019, and increased $~~136,299,000~~8,860,000, or ~~18.55%~~1.07%, from the balance of ~~$734,616,000~~$831,577,000 reported at ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019. Cash and cash equivalents ~~increase~~decreased $~~89,123,000~~19,142,000, or ~~40.45%~~8.74%, between December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020. Net loans ~~decrease~~increased $~~15,061,000~~25,920,000, or ~~2.60%~~4.40%, to a balance of $~~564,358,000~~614,566,000, and investment securities ~~decrease~~increased $~~6,453,000~~17,398,000, or ~~9.21%~~21.72%, during the first ~~six months~~quarter of ~~2019~~2020.

Earning assets averaged approximately $~~867,543,000~~863,909,000 during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, as compared to $~~762,501,000~~862,263,000 for the same period in ~~2018~~2019. Average interest-bearing liabilities ~~increased~~decreased to $~~532,617,000~~511,740,000 for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, from $~~431,649,000~~532,547,000 reported for the comparative period of ~~2018~~2019.

Loans ~~and Leases~~

The Company's primary business is that of acquiring deposits and making loans, with the loan portfolio representing the largest and most important component of earning assets. Loans totaled $~~573,421,000~~623,765,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, aan ~~decrease~~increase of $~~14,512,000~~26,391,000, or ~~2.47%~~4.42%, when compared to the balance of $~~587,933,000~~597,374,000 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019, and ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$575,000,~~$43,865,000, or ~~0.10%~~7.03%, when compared to the balance of ~~$573,996,000~~$579,900,000 reported at ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019. Loans on average ~~decrease~~increased $~~17,469,000~~24,734,000, or ~~2.96%~~4.28%, between the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, with loans averaging $~~573,436,000~~603,060,000 for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, as compared to $~~590,905,000~~578,326,000 for the same period of ~~2018~~2019.

Table 6. Loans

The following table sets forth the amounts of loans outstanding by category at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the category percentages as of those dates, and the net change between the two periods presented.


	June 30, 2019				December 31, 2018									March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
(in 000's)	Dollar Amount		% of Loans		Dollar Amount		% of Loans		Net Change			% Change		Dollar Amount		% of Loans		Dollar Amount		% of Loans		Net Change			% Change
Commercial and industrial	$	55,145	9.6	%	$	56,978	9.7	%	$	(1,833	)	(3.22	)%	$	45,840	7.3	%	$	45,278	7.6	%	$	562		1.24	%
Real estate – mortgage	281,888		49.2	%	289,200		49.2	%	(7,312		)	(2.53	)%	308,576		49.5	%	291,237		48.8	%	17,339			5.95	%
RE construction & development	114,611		20.0	%	108,795		18.5	%	5,816			5.35	%	151,962		24.4	%	138,784		23.2	%	13,178			9.50	%
Agricultural	52,027		9.1	%	61,149		10.4	%	(9,122		)	(14.92	)%	49,648		8.0	%	52,197		8.7	%	(2,549		)	(4.88	)%
Installment and student loans	69,750		12.1	%	71,811		12.2	%	(2,061		)	(2.87	)%	67,739		10.8	%	69,878		11.7	%	(2,139		)	(3.06	)%
Total gross loans	$	573,421	100.00	%	$	587,933	100.00	%	$	(14,512	)	(2.47	)%	$	623,765	100.00	%	$	597,374	100.00	%	$	26,391		4.42	%

During the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company experienced ~~decreases~~increases in commercial and industrial loans, real estate mortgage loan, ~~agricultural loans~~ and ~~installment loans~~real estate construction & development compared to the same period ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. Commercial and industrial loans ~~decreased $1,833,000~~increased $562,000 between December 31, ~~2018 and June 30,~~ 2019 and March 31, 2020 and decreased ~~$2,810,000~~$9,852,000 between ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Real estate mortgage loans ~~decreased $7,312,000~~increased $17,339,000 between December 31, ~~2018 and June 30,~~ 2019 and ~~decrease $1,523,000~~March 31, 2020 and increased $13,222,000 between ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Agricultural loans decreased ~~$9,122,000~~$2,549,000 between December 31, ~~2018 and June 30,~~ 2019 and March 31, 2020 and decreased ~~$4,635,000~~$5,464,000 between ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Installment and student loans decreased ~~$2,061,000~~$2,139,000 between December 31, ~~2018 and June 30,~~ 2019 and ~~increased $2,353,000~~March 31, 2020 and decreased $3,042,000 between ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, mainly due to changes in student loan balances.

Installment and student loans ~~increased $2,353,000~~decreased $3,042,000 during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period ended ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, due to ~~growth~~increases in installment loans offset by decreases in the student loan portfolio. Included in installment loans are ~~$65,935,000~~$63,791,000 in student loans made to medical and pharmacy school students. The student loan portfolio consists of unsecured loans to medical and pharmacy students currently enrolled in medical and pharmacy schools in the US and the Caribbean. The medical student loans are made to ~~U.S.~~US citizens attending medical schools in the ~~U.S.~~US and Antigua, while the pharmacy student loans are made to pharmacy students attending pharmacy school in the ~~U.S.~~US. Upon graduation the loan is automatically placed on deferment for 6six months. This may be extended up to 48 months for graduates enrolling in ~~Internship, Medical Residency~~internship, medical residency or ~~Fellowship.~~fellowship. As approved the student may receive additional deferment for hardship or administrative reasons in the form of forbearance for a maximum of 24 months throughout the life of the loan. The outstanding balance of student loans that have not entered repayment status totaled ~~$53,152,000~~$23,920,000 at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Accrued interest on loans that have not entered repayment status totaled ~~$7,767,000~~$5,665,000 at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 there were ~~522~~866 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented ~~$12,783,000, $2,887,000,~~$22,149,000, $6,931,000, and ~~$6,298,000~~$10,791,000 in outstanding balances, respectively. Underwriting is premised on qualifying credit scores. The weighted average credit score for the portfolio is in the mid-700s. In addition, there are non-student co-borrowers for roughly one-third of the portfolio that provide additional repayment capacity. Graduation and employment placement rates are high for both medical and pharmacy students. The average student loan balance per borrower as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 is approximately ~~$93,000.~~$98,000.

Loan interest rates range from 4.50% to 9.50%. The student loan portfolio was previously insured through a surety bond issued by ReliaMax Surety Company and provided a reasonable expectation of collection. In June 2018, ReliaMax Surety Company was declared insolvent by the South Dakota Division of Insurance and is now in liquidation. As a result of the insolvency, risks within the student loan portfolio were assessed and the reserve balance for student loans was increased. The Company classifies student loans delinquent more than 90 days as special mention. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the reserve against the student loan portfolio was $2,385,000 and $2,091,000, respectively. There were no TDRs within the portfolio as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019. Additionally, for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, $29,000 in accrued interest

receivable was reversed, due to charge-offs of $502,000 within the student loan portfolio. The increase in charge-offs is the result of the cumulative interest accrual prior to migration and repayment.

Reunion Student Loan Finance Corporation (RSLFC) is the third-party servicer for the student loan portfolio. RSLFC provides servicing for the student loan portfolio, including application administration, processing, approval, documenting, funding, and collection. They also provide file custodial responsibilities. Except in cases where applicants/loans do not meet program requirements, or extreme delinquency, RSLFC provides complete program management. RSLFC is paid a monthly servicing fee based on the principal balance outstanding.

Commercial real estate loans (a component of real estate mortgage loans) continue to represent a significant portion of the total loan portfolio. Commercial real estate loans amounted to ~~39.68%~~42.62%, ~~39.03%~~41.04%, and ~~37.02%~~40.31%, of the total loan portfolio at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, respectively. Real estate mortgage loans ~~decreased $7,312,000,~~increased $17,339,000, or ~~2.53%~~5.95%, between December 31, ~~2018 and June 30,~~ 2019 and ~~decreased $1,523,000~~March 31, 2020, and increased $13,222,000 between ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Residential mortgage loans are not generally originated by the Company, but some residential mortgage loans have been made over the past several years to facilitate take-out loans for construction borrowers when they were not able to obtain permanent financing elsewhere. These loans are generally 30-year amortizing loans with maturities of between three and five years. Residential mortgages totaled ~~$54,142,000,~~$42,543,000, or ~~9.44%~~6.82%, of the portfolio at ~~June 30, 2019, $59,431,000,~~March 31, 2020, $45,881,000, or ~~10.11%~~7.68% of the portfolio at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and ~~$70,512,000~~$61,281,000 or ~~12.28%~~10.57% of the portfolio at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. Loan participations purchased ~~increased~~decreased to ~~$5,988,000,~~$5,936,000, or ~~1.04%~~0.95% of the portfolio, at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The Company held no loan participation purchases at ~~June 30, 2018 or December~~March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Loan participations sold decreased from $~~14,559,000,~~8,517,000, or ~~2.5%~~1.5%, of the portfolio at ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, to ~~$7,140,000,~~$4,866,000, or ~~1.2%~~0.8%, of the portfolio, at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and increased to ~~$8,315,000,~~$4,976,000, or ~~1.5%~~0.8%, of the portfolio, at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

Deposits

Deposit balances totaled $~~870,915,000~~840,437,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, representing an increase of $~~65,272,000~~22,075,000, or ~~8.10%~~2.70%, from the balance of $~~805,643,000~~818,362,000 reported at December 31, ~~2018~~2019, and an increase of $~~136,299,000~~8,860,000, or ~~18.55%~~1.07%, from the balance of $~~734,616,000~~831,577,000 reported at ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019.

Table 7. Deposits

The following table sets forth the amounts of deposits outstanding by category at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and the net change between the two periods presented.


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		Net Change			Percentage Change		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Net Change			Percentage Change
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	304,172	$	292,720	$	11,452		3.91	%	$	324,167	$	311,950	$	12,217		3.92	%
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and money market accounts	404,416		340,445		63,971			18.79	%	370,382		360,934		9,448			2.62	%
Savings accounts	92,274		90,046		2,228			2.47	%	84,140		80,078		4,062			5.07	%
Time deposits:
Under $250,000	49,158		60,875		(11,717		)	-19.25	%	42,096		44,926		(2,830		)	(6.30	)%
$250,000 and over	20,895		21,557		(662		)	-3.07	%	19,652		20,474		(822		)	(4.01	)%
Total interest-bearing deposits	566,743		512,923		53,820			10.49	%	516,270		506,412		9,858			1.95	%
Total deposits	$	870,915	$	805,643	$	65,272		8.10	%	$	840,437	$	818,362	$	22,075		2.70	%

The Company's deposit base consists of two major components represented by noninterest-bearing (demand) deposits and interest-bearing deposits, totaling $~~304,172,000~~324,167,000 and $~~566,743,000~~516,270,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, respectively. ~~Interest bearing~~Interest-bearing deposits consist of time certificates, NOW and money market accounts, and savings deposits. Total interest-bearing deposits increased $~~53,820,000~~9,858,000, or ~~10.49%~~1.95%, between December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, and ~~non-interest-bearing~~noninterest-bearing deposits increased

$~~11,452,000~~12,217,000, or ~~3.91%~~3.92%, between the same two periods presented. Included in the increase of $~~53,820,000~~9,858,000 in interest-bearing deposits during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, are increases of ~~$63,971,000~~$4,062,000 in savings accounts and $9,448,000 in NOW and money market accounts, ~~and increases of $2,228,000 in savings accounts,~~partially offset by decreases of ~~$12,379,000~~$3,652,000 in time ~~deposits.~~deposits,

Core deposits, as defined by the Company as consisting of all deposits other than time deposits of more than $250,000 and brokered deposits, continue to provide the foundation for the Company's principal sources of funding and liquidity. These core deposits amounted to ~~97.60%~~97.66% and ~~97.32%~~97.50% of the total deposit portfolio at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019, respectively. The Company held no brokered deposits at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019.

On a year-to-date average, the Company experienced ana ~~increase~~decrease of $~~102,697,000~~1,843,000, or ~~14.27%~~0.23%, in total deposits between the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019. Between these two periods, average interest-bearing deposits ~~increase~~decreased $~~100,374,000~~21,431,000, or ~~23.78%~~4.10%, and total noninterest-bearing deposits increased $~~2,323,000~~19,588,000, or ~~0.78%~~6.64%, on a year-to-date average basis.

Short-Term Borrowings

At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $~~289,160,000~~337,485,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) lines of credit totaling $~~3,785,000~~5,686,000. At ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company had uncollateralized lines of credit with both Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ~~("PCBB")~~(PCBB), Union Bank, and Zion's Bank, totaling $10,000,000, $10,000,000, and $20,000,000, respectively. These lines of credit generally have interest rates tied to either the Federal Funds rate, short-term U.S. Treasury rates, or LIBOR. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings. The Company had collateralized FRB lines of credit of $~~287,446,000~~313,445,000, collateralized FHLB lines of credit totaling $~~4,119,000~~5,815,000, and uncollateralized lines of credit of $10,000,000 with PCBB, $10,000,000 with Union Bank, and $20,000,000 with Zions Bank at December 31, ~~2018~~2019.

Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses

Lending money is the Company's principal business activity, and ensuring appropriate evaluation, diversification, and control of credit risks is a primary management responsibility. Losses are implicit in lending activities and the amount of such losses will vary, depending on the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio as affected by local economic conditions and the financial experience of borrowers.

The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for known and inherent risks in existing loans and commitments to extend credit. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based upon management's continuing assessment of various factors affecting the collectability of loans and commitments to extend credit; including current economic conditions, past credit experience, collateral, and concentrations of credit. There is no precise method of predicting specific losses or amounts which may ultimately be charged off on particular segments of the loan portfolio. The conclusion that a loan may become uncollectible, either in part or in whole is subjective and contingent upon economic, environmental, and other conditions which cannot be predicted with certainty. When determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, the Company follows, in accordance with GAAP, the guidelines set forth in the Revised Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses ~~(“Statement”)~~(Statement) issued by banking regulators in December 2006. The Statement is a revision of the previous guidance released in July 2001, and outlines characteristics that should be used in segmentation of the loan portfolio for purposes of the analysis including risk classification, past due status, type of loan, industry or collateral. It also outlines factors to consider when adjusting the loss factors for various segments of the loan portfolio, and updates previous guidance that describes the responsibilities of the board of directors, management, and bank examiners regarding the allowance for credit losses. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 102 was released during July 2001, and represents the SEC staff’s view relating to methodologies and supporting documentation for the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses that should be observed by all public companies in complying with the federal securities laws and the Commission’s interpretations. It is also generally consistent with the guidance published by the banking regulators.

The allowance for loan losses includes an asset-specific component, as well as a general or formula-based component. The Company segments the loan and lease portfolio into eleven (11) segments, primarily by loan class and type, that have homogeneity and commonality of purpose and terms for analysis under the formula-based component of the allowance. Those loans which are determined to be impaired under current accounting guidelines are not subject to the formula-based reserve analysis, and evaluated individually for specific impairment under the asset-specific component of the allowance.

The Company’s methodology for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses consists of several key elements, which include:

The formula allowance

Specific allowances for problem graded loans identified as impaired; and

The unallocated allowance

The formula allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans and certain unfunded loan commitments. Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience and on the internal risk grade of those loans, and may be

adjusted for significant factors that, in management's judgment, affect the collectability of the portfolio as of the evaluation date. Factors that may affect collectability of the loan portfolio include:

Levels of, and trends in delinquencies and nonaccrual loans;

Trends in volumes and term of loans;

Effects of any changes in lending policies and procedures including those for underwriting, collection, charge-off, and recovery;

Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff;

National and local economic trends and conditions and;

Concentrations of credit that might affect loss experience across one or more components of the portfolio, including high-balance loan concentrations and participations.

Management determines the loss factors for problem graded loans (substandard, doubtful, and loss), special mention loans, and pass graded loans, based on a loss migration model. The migration analysis incorporates loan losses over the previous quarters as determined by management (time horizons adjusted as business cycles or environment changes) and loss factors are adjusted to recognize and quantify the loss exposure from changes in market conditions and trends in the Company’s loan portfolio. For purposes of this analysis, loans are grouped by internal risk classifications and categorized as pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful, or loss. Certain loans are homogeneous in nature and are therefore pooled by risk grade. These homogeneous loans include consumer installment and home equity loans. Special mention loans are currently performing but are potentially weak, as the borrower has begun to exhibit deteriorating trends which, if not corrected, could jeopardize repayment of the loan and result in further downgrades. Substandard loans have well-defined weaknesses which, if not corrected, could jeopardize the full satisfaction of the debt. A loan classified as doubtful has critical weaknesses that make full collection of the obligation improbable. Classified loans, as defined by the Company, include impaired loans and loans categorized as substandard, doubtful, and loss which are not considered impaired. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, impaired and classified loans totaled ~~$19,100,000,~~$15,938,000, or ~~3.3%~~2.6%, of gross loans as compared to $~~18,717,000~~17,664,000, or 3.1%, of gross loans at December 31, ~~2018~~2019.

The student loan portfolio is reviewed for allowance adequacy under the same guidelines as other loans in the Company's portfolio, with additional emphasis for specific risks associated with the portfolio. In general, the Company provides an additional reserve for a percentage of loans in forbearance and loans rated special mention.

Loan participations are reviewed for allowance adequacy under the same guidelines as other loans in the Company’s portfolio, with an additional participation factor added, if required, for specific risks associated with participations. In general, participations are subject to certain thresholds set by the Company, and are reviewed for geographic location as well as the well-being of the underlying agent bank.

Specific allowances are established based on management’s periodic evaluation of loss exposure inherent in impaired loans. For impaired loans, specific allowances are determined based on the net realizable value of the underlying collateral, the net present value of the anticipated cash flows, or the market value of the underlying assets. Formula allowances for classified loans, excluding impaired loans, are determined on the basis of additional risks involved with individual loans that may be in excess of risk factors associated with the loan portfolio as a whole. The specific allowance is different from the formula allowance in that the specific allowance is determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on risk factors directly related to a particular loan, as opposed to the formula allowance which is determined for a pool of loans with similar risk characteristics, based on past historical trends and other risk factors which may be relevant on an ongoing basis.

The unallocated portion of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly measured in the determination of the formula and specific allowances. The conditions may include, but are not limited to, general economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the Company, credit quality trends, collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, and other business conditions.

Table 8. Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table summarizes the specific allowance, formula allowance, and unallocated allowance at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, as well as classified loans at those period-ends.


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Specific allowance – impaired loans	$	1,439	$	1,776	$	607	$	1,145
Formula allowance – classified loans not impaired	17		4		2		59
Formula allowance – special mention loans	453		17		502		355
Total allowance for special mention and classified loans	1,909		1,797		1,111		1,559

Formula allowance for pass loans	5,865		6,005		7,658		6,176
Unallocated allowance	678		593		351		173
Total allowance for loan losses	$	8,452	$	8,395	$	9,120	$	7,908

Impaired loans	18,054		18,683		15,916		17,072
Classified loans not considered impaired	1,046		34		22		592
Total classified loans / impaired loans	$	19,100	$	18,717	$	15,938	$	17,664
Special mention loans not considered impaired	$	7,209	$	2,228	$	4,814	$	5,846

Impaired loans decreased $~~629,000~~563,000 between December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, and the specific allowance related to impaired loans decreased $~~337,000~~538,000 between December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020. The decrease in impaired loans is primarily due to a decrease in non-performing loans. The formula allowance related to classified and special mention unimpaired loans increased by $~~449,000~~90,000 between December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020. The unallocated allowance increased from ~~$593,000~~$173,000 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 to ~~$678,000~~$351,000 at ~~June 30, 2019 due to a decrease in the specific reserve of one impaired loan, and an overall decrease in loan balances during the period. Although there~~March 31, 2020. There has been ~~a reduction~~an increase in the required loss reserves as economic conditions have ~~improved, the~~destabilized due to COVID-19. The Company has a concentration in loans to finance CRE, construction and land development activities not secured by real estate. These loans have inherently higher risk characteristics and management believes maintaining additional, unallocated reserves to address the inherent losses in these loans is reasonable and appropriate. The level of ~~“pass��~~“pass” loans ~~decreased~~increased approximately ~~$19,622,000~~$26,384,000 between December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The related formula allowance ~~decrease~~increased $~~140,000~~1,482,000 during the same period. The formula allowance for “pass loans” is derived from the loan loss factors under migration analysis.

The Company’s methodology includes features that are intended to reduce the difference between estimated and actual losses. The specific allowance portion of the analysis is designed to be self-correcting by taking into account the current loan loss experience based on that portion of the portfolio. By analyzing the estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis, management is able to adjust specific and inherent loss estimates using the most recent information available. In performing the periodic migration analysis, management believes that historical loss factors used in the computation of the formula allowance need to be adjusted to reflect current changes in market conditions and trends in the Company’s loan portfolio. There are a number of other factors which are reviewed when determining adjustments in the historical loss factors. Those factors include: 1) trends in delinquent and nonaccrual loans, 2) trends in loan volume and terms, 3) effects of changes in lending policies, 4) concentrations of credit, 5) competition, 6) national and local economic trends and conditions, 7) experience of lending staff, 8) loan review and Board of Directors oversight, 9) high balance loan concentrations, and 10) other business conditions.

The general reserve requirements (ASC 450-70) decreased with the continued strengthening of local, state, and national economies and their impact on our local lending base, which has resulted in a lower qualitative component for the general reserve calculation. Our stake-in-the-ground methodology requires the Company to use December 31, 2005 as the starting point of the look back period to capture loss history and better capture an entire economic cycle. Time horizons are subject to Management's assessment of the current period, taking into consideration changes in business cycles and environment changes.

Management and the Company’s lending officers evaluate the loss exposure of classified and impaired loans on a weekly/monthly basis. The Company’s Loan Committee meets weekly and serves as a forum to discuss specific problem assets that pose significant concerns to the Company, and to keep the Board of Directors informed through committee minutes. All special

mention and classified loans are reported quarterly on Problem Asset Reports and Impaired Loan Reports and are reviewed by

senior management. Migration analysis and impaired loan analysis are performed on a quarterly basis and adjustments are made to the allowance as deemed necessary. The Board of Directors is kept abreast of any changes or trends in problem assets on a monthly basis, or more often if required.

The specific allowance for impaired loans is measured based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of impaired loans is not directly comparable to the amount of nonperforming loans disclosed later in this section. The primary differences between impaired loans and nonperforming loans are: i) all loan categories are considered in determining nonperforming loans while impaired loan recognition is limited to commercial and industrial loans, commercial and residential real estate loans, construction loans, and agricultural loans, and ii) impaired loan recognition considers not only loans 90 days or more past due, restructured loans and nonaccrual loans but may also include problem loans other than delinquent loans.

The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructures, and performing loans in which full payment of principal or interest is not expected. Management bases the measurement of these impaired loans either on the fair value of the loan's collateral or the expected cash flows on the loan discounted at the loan's stated interest rates. Cash receipts on impaired loans not performing to contractual terms and that are on nonaccrual status are used to reduce principal balances. Impairment losses are included in the allowance for credit losses through a charge to the provision, if applicable.

In most cases, the Company uses the cash basis method of income recognition for impaired loans. In the case of certain troubled debt restructuring, for which the loan has been performing for a prescribed period of time under the current contractual terms, income is recognized under the accrual method. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, included in impaired loans, were troubled debt restructures totaling $~~6,183,000~~5,254,000, of which ~~$2,738,000~~$3,130,000 were on nonaccrual. The remaining $~~3,445,000~~2,124,000 in troubled debt restructures were considered current with regards to payments, and were performing according to their modified contractual terms.

Commercial and industrial loans and real estate mortgage loans, respectively, comprised approximately ~~11.93%~~4.17% and ~~20.34%~~19.60% of total impaired loan balances at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Of the ~~$2,153,000~~$664,000 in commercial and industrial impaired loans reported at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, two loans, with a total recorded investment of ~~$639,000,~~$562,000, were secured by real estate. Specific collateral related to impaired loans is reviewed for current appraisal information, economic trends within geographic markets, loan-to-value ratios, and other factors that may impact the value of the loan collateral. Adjustments are made to collateral values as needed for these factors. Of total impaired loans at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, approximately ~~$15,873,000,~~$15,092,000, or ~~87.9%~~94.8%, are secured by real estate. The majority of impaired real estate construction and development loans are for the purpose of residential construction, residential and commercial acquisition and development, and land development. Residential construction loans are made for the purpose of building residential 1-4 single family homes. Residential and commercial acquisition and development loans are made for the purpose of purchasing land, developing that land if required, and developing real estate or commercial construction projects on those properties. Land development loans are made for the purpose of converting raw land into construction-ready building sites.

Table 9. Impaired Loans and Specific Reserves

The following table summarizes the components of impaired loans and their related specific reserves at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.


	Impaired Loan Balance		Reserve		Impaired Loan Balance		Reserve		Impaired Loan Balance		Reserve		Impaired Loan Balance		Reserve
(in 000’s)	June 30, 2019		June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial	$	2,153	$	609	$	2,816	$	787	$	664	$	75	$	1,754	$	606
Real estate – mortgage	3,672		379		3,345		469		3,119		282		3,146		283
RE construction & development	11,562		—		11,663		—		11,411		—		11,478		—
Agricultural	667		451		818		520		722		250		694		256
Installment and student loans	—		—		41		—		—		—		—		—
Total impaired loans	$	18,054	$	1,439	$	18,683	$	1,776	$	15,916	$	607	$	17,072	$	1,145

Included in impaired loans are loans modified in troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in an attempt to maximize collection. The Company makes various types of concessions when structuring TDRs including rate reductions, payment extensions, and forbearance. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, approximately $~~2,748,000~~1,941,000 of the total $~~6,183,000~~5,254,000 in TDRs was comprised of real estate mortgages. An additional $~~2,738,000~~2,587,000 was related to real estate construction and development loans. There were no reserve amounts for real estate construction and development impaired loans ~~and impaired installment loans~~ at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, due to the value of the collateral securing those loans.

As of April 23, 2020, the Company had executed 18 payment deferrals or modifications on outstanding loan balances of $30,334,000 in connection with the COVID-19 relief provided by the CARES Act. These deferrals were generally no more than six months in duration and were not considered troubled debt restructurings based on interagency guidance issued in March 2020.

Total troubled debt restructurings ~~decrease~~increased ~~12.41%~~1.29% between ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019. Nonaccrual TDRs ~~decrease~~increased by ~~15.15%~~11.87% and accruing TDRs decreased by ~~10.10%~~11.09% over the same period. Total residential mortgages and real estate construction TDRs decreased ~~$685,000~~$84,000 to a percentage total of ~~11.10%~~1.82%. These credits are related to real estate projects that slowed significantly or stalled during the recession, leading the Company to pursue restructuring of the qualified credits allowing the real estate market time to recover and developers opportunity to finish projects at a slower pace. Concessions granted in these circumstances include lengthened maturities and/or rate reductions that enabled the borrower to finish the projects and may be entirely successful. In large part, current successes are related to a recovering real estate market.

Table 10. TDRs

The following tables summarize TDRs by type, classified separately as nonaccrual or accrual, which are included in impaired loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.


	Total TDRs		Nonaccrual TDRs		Accruing TDRs		Total TDRs		Nonaccrual TDRs		Accruing TDRs
(in 000's)	June 30, 2019		June 30, 2019		June 30, 2019		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2020
Commercial and industrial	$	38	$	—	$	38	$	4	$	—	$	4
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	907		—		907		893		—		893
Residential mortgages	1,841		—		1,841		1,048		—		1,048
Total real estate mortgage	2,748		—		2,748		1,941		—		1,941
RE construction & development	2,738		2,738		—		2,587		2,587		—
Agricultural	659		—		659		722		543		179
Total troubled debt restructurings	$	6,183	$	2,738	$	3,445	$	5,254	$	3,130	$	2,124


	Total TDRs		Nonaccrual TDRs		Accruing TDRs		Total TDRs		Nonaccrual TDRs		Accruing TDRs
(in 000's)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial	$	75	$	—	$	75	$	9	$	—	$	9
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	1,305		389		916		898		—		898
Residential mortgages	2,028		—		2,028		1,060		—		1,060
Total real estate mortgage	3,333		389		2,944		1,958		—		1,958
RE construction & development	2,838		2,838		—		2,654		2,654		—
Agricultural	813		—		813		566		144		422
Total troubled debt restructurings	$	7,059	$	3,227	$	3,832	$	5,187	$	2,798	$	2,389

Of the ~~$6,183,000~~$5,254,000 in total TDRs at ~~June 30, 2019, $2,738,000~~March 31, 2020, $3,130,000 were on nonaccrual status at period-end. Of the ~~$7,059,000~~$5,187,000 in total TDRs at December 31, ~~2018, $3,227,000~~2019, $2,798,000 were on nonaccrual status at period-end. As of ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company has no commercial real estate (CRE) workouts whereby an existing loan was restructured into multiple new loans (i.e., A Note/B Note structure).

For a restructured loan to return to accrual status there needs to be at least 6 months successful payment history and continued satisfactory performance is expected. to this end, the Company typically performs a financial analysis of the credit to determine whether the borrower has the ability to continue to meet payments over the remaining life of the loans. This includes, but is not limited to, a review of financial statements and cash flow analysis of the borrower. Only after determination that the borrower has the ability to perform under the terms of the loans, will the restructured credit be considered for accrual status.

Table 11. Credit Quality Indicators for Outstanding Student Loans

The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators for outstanding student loans as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's, except for number of borrowers):


	June 30, 2019					December 31, 2018					March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest
School	740	$	28,806	$	4,586	1,056	$	42,852	$	5,494	541	$	22,688	$	4,769	601	$	24,198	$	4,689
Grace	321	15,161		2,816		23	562		81		45	1,232		332		49	1,598		394
Repayment	307	12,783		99		366	15,526		118		465	22,149		187		507	24,986		203
Deferment	70	2,887		199		48	1,945		79		164	6,931		368		124	4,392		204
Forbearance	145	6,298		166		181	7,336		212		237	10,791		196		224	10,626		188
Total	1,583	$	65,935	$	7,866	1,674	$	68,221	$	5,984	1,452	$	63,791	$	5,852	1,505	$	65,800	$	5,678

Included in installment loans are ~~$65,935,000~~$63,791,000 and ~~$68,221,000~~$65,800,000 in student loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, made to medical and pharmacy school students. Accrued interest on loans that had not entered repayment status totaled ~~$7,767,000~~$5,665,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~$5,866,000~~$5,475,000 at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 there were ~~522~~866 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented ~~$12,783,000, $2,887,000,~~$22,149,000, $6,931,000, and ~~$6,298,000,~~$10,791,000, respectively. At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~595~~855 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented ~~$15,526,000, $1,945,000~~$24,986,000, $4,392,000 and ~~$7,336,000,~~$10,626,000, respectively. ~~The yield~~As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the reserve against the student loan portfolio was $2,385,000 and $2,091,000, respectively.

Loan interest rates on the student loan portfolio ~~was 8.07% for the six months ended June 30, 2019~~range from 4.50% to 9.50% and ~~6.34% for the year ended~~4.75% to 9.75% at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018. The 2018 yield was negatively impacted by a $550,000 write-down of unamortized insurance premiums on the student loan portfolio. This write-down was the result of the dissolution of the insurance carrier.

2019, respectively.

Table 12. Nonperforming Assets

The following table summarizes the components of nonperforming assets as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in 000's), and the percentage of nonperforming assets to total gross loans, total assets, and the allowance for loan losses:


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Nonaccrual loans (1)	$	11,637		$	12,052		$	12,620		$	11,697
Restructured loans	3,445			3,832			2,124			2,389
Loans past due 90 days or more, still accruing	341			—			1,061			386
Total nonperforming loans	15,423			15,884			15,805			14,472
Other real estate owned	5,745			5,745			5,745			6,753
Total nonperforming assets	$	21,168		$	21,629		$	21,550		$	21,225

Nonperforming loans to total gross loans	2.69		%	2.70		%	2.44		%	2.42		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	2.10		%	2.32		%	2.14		%	2.22		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans	54.80		%	52.85		%	59.94		%	54.64		%

(1) Included in nonaccrual loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 are restructured loans totaling ~~$2,738,000~~$3,130,000 and ~~$3,227,000,~~$2,797,000, respectively.

Nonperforming assets, which are primarily related to the real estate loan and other real estate owned portfolio, decreased$~~461,000~~266,000 from a balance of ~~$21,629,000~~$21,225,000 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 to a balance of ~~$21,168,000~~$20,959,000 at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and remained relatively high compared to peers during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans ~~decreased~~increased from ~~52.85%~~54.64% at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 to ~~54.80%~~59.94% at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes the nonaccrual totals by loan category for the periods shown:


	Balance		Balance		Change from			Balance		Balance		Change from
(in 000's)	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019
Nonaccrual Loans:
Commercial and industrial	$	75	$	—	$	75		$	75	$	75	$	—
Real estate - mortgage	—		389		(389		)	—		—		—
RE construction & development	11,562		11,663		(101		)	11,411		11,478		(67		)
Agricultural								543		144		399
Installment and student loans	—		—		—			—		—		—
Total nonaccrual loans	$	11,637	$	12,052	$	(415	)	$	12,029	$	11,697	$	332

Loans past due more than 30 days receive increased management attention and are monitored for increased risk. The Company continues to move past due loans to nonaccrual status in an ongoing effort to recognize and address loan problems as early and most effectively as possible. As impaired loans, nonaccrual and restructured loans are reviewed for specific reserve allocations, the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly.

Except for the nonaccrual loans included in the above table, or those included in the impaired loan totals, there were no loans at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 where the known credit problems of a borrower caused the Company to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrower to comply with the present loan repayment terms and which would result in such loan being included as a nonaccrual, past due, or restructured loan at some future date.

Nonaccrual loans, totaling ~~$11,637,000~~$12,620,000 at ~~June 30, 2019, decreased $415,000~~March 31, 2020, increased $923,000 from the balance of ~~$12,052,000~~$11,697,000 reported at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, with real estate mortgage and real estate construction loans comprising ~~99.36%~~94.86% of total nonaccrual loans at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. In determining the adequacy of the underlying collateral related to these loans, management monitors trends within specific geographical areas, loan-to-value ratios, appraisals, and other credit issues related to the specific loans. Impaired loans decreased ~~$629,000~~$563,000 during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 to a balance of ~~$18,054,000~~$16,509,000 at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Other real estate owned through foreclosure ~~remained the same at~~decreased to $5,745,000 for the period ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 as compared to the balance of $6,753,000 recorded at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets decreased from ~~2.32%~~2.22% at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 to ~~2.10%~~2.14% at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes various nonperforming components of the loan portfolio, the related allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses for the periods shown.


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses year-to-date	$	10		$	(1,764	)	$	(1,325	)
Provision for credit losses year-to-date										$	1,707		$	20		$	6
Allowance as % of nonperforming loans	54.80		%	52.85		%	50.96		%	59.94		%	54.64		%	55.02		%

Nonperforming loans as % total loans	2.69		%	2.70		%	2.88		%	2.44		%	2.42		%	2.64		%
Restructured loans as % total loans	1.08		%	1.20		%	1.33		%	0.84		%	0.87		%	1.09		%

Management continues to monitor economic conditions in the real estate market for signs of deterioration or improvement which may impact the level of the allowance for loan losses required to cover identified losses in the loan portfolio. Focus has been placed on monitoring and reducing the level of problem assets, while working with borrowers to find more options, including loan restructures. Restructured loan balances are comprised of 1514 loans totaling ~~$6,183,000~~$5,254,000 at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, compared to 1713 loans totaling ~~$7,059,000~~$5,187,000 at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

The following table summarizes special mention loans by type at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.


(in thousands)	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial	$	1,507	$	48	$	839	$	919
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	1,701		2,180		—		1,608
Residential mortgages	750		470		356		88
Total real estate mortgage	2,451		2,650		356		1,696
RE construction & development	—		—		998		998
Agricultural	2,910		—		2,246		1,279
Installment and student loans	341		—		375		386
Total special mention loans	$	7,209	$	2,698	$	4,814	$	5,278

The Company focuses on competition and other economic conditions within its market area and other geographical areas in which it does business, which may ultimately affect the risk assessment of the portfolio. The Company continues to experience increased competition from major banks, local independents and non-bank institutions which creates pressure on loan pricing. The Company continues to place increased emphasis on reducing both the level of nonperforming assets and the level of losses on the disposition of these assets. It is in the best interest of both the Company and the borrowers to seek alternative options to foreclosure in an effort to reduce the impacts on the real estate market. As part of this strategy, the Company ~~has increased its level of~~enters into troubled debt restructurings, when it improves collection prospects. While business and consumer spending ~~show~~have shown improvement over the last several years, it is difficult to forecast ~~what~~the magnitude of the impact ~~Federal Reserve rate increases~~COVID-19 will have on the economy. Local unemployment rates in the San Joaquin Valley have improved, but ~~remain elevated compared with other regions~~are expected to substantially increase due to closure of non-essential business and historically are higher as a result of the area's agricultural dynamics. The Company believes that the Central San Joaquin Valley will continue to grow and diversify as property and housing costs remain low relative to other areas of the state.shelter in place orders. Management recognizes increased risk of loss due to the Company's exposure to local and worldwide economic conditions, as well as potentially volatile real estate markets, and takes these factors into consideration when analyzing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.

The following table provides a summary of the Company's allowance for possible credit losses, provisions made to that allowance, and charge-off and recovery activity affecting the allowance for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

Table 13. Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Activity


(in 000's)	June 30, 2019			June 30, 2018			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Total loans outstanding at end of period before deducting allowances for credit losses	$	572,810		$	574,351		$	623,686		$	579,900
Average loans outstanding during period	573,436			590,905			603,060			578,326

Balance of allowance at beginning of period	8,395			9,267			7,908			8,395
Loans charged off:
Real estate	(5		)	—			—			(5		)
Commercial and industrial	—			(88		)	—			—
Agricultural							—			—
Installment and student loans	(114		)	(11		)	(509		)	(103		)
Total loans charged off	(119		)	(99		)	(509		)	(108		)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
Real estate	8			20			4			5
Commercial and industrial	57			408			5			47
Installment and student loans	101			154			5			72
Total loan recoveries	166			582			14			124
Net loans recovered	47			483
Net loans (charged off) recovered							(495		)	16

Provision (recovery of provision) charged to operating expense	10			(1,325		)	1,707			6
Balance of allowance for credit losses at end of period	$	8,452		$	8,425		$	9,120		$	8,417

Net loan recoveries to total average loans (annualized)	(0.02		)%	(0.16		)%	0.33		%	(0.28		)%
Net loan recoveries to loans at end of period (annualized)	(0.02		)%	(0.17		)%	0.02		%	(0.28		)%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans at end of period	1.48		%	1.47		%	1.46		%	1.52		%
Net loan recoveries to allowance for credit losses (annualized)	(1.11		)%	(11.47		)%	1.36		%	(18.64		)%
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses to net recoveries (annualized)	28.37		%	(548.65		)%	(153.27		)%	(184.17		)%

Provisions for credit losses are determined on the basis of management's periodic credit review of the loan portfolio, consideration of past loan loss experience, current and future economic conditions, and other pertinent factors. Management believes its estimate of the allowance for credit losses adequately covers estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio and, based on the condition of the loan portfolio, management believes the allowance is sufficient to cover risk elements in the loan portfolio. For the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019, the~~March 31, 2020, a $1,707,000 provision ~~for~~was recorded to the allowance for credit losses ~~was $10,000~~ as compared to a ~~recovery of~~$6,000 provision ~~of $1,325,000~~recorded for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

Net ~~recoveries~~charge-offs during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 totaled ~~$47,000~~$495,000 as compared to net recoveries of ~~$483,000~~$16,000 for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The Company charged-off, or had partial charge-offs on 519 loans during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, as compared to six loans during the same period ended ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, and 935 loans during the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The annualized percentage net ~~recoveries~~charge-offs to average loans were ~~0.02%~~0.33% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019 and 0.15%~~March 31, 2020. Annualized percentage net recoveries were 0.09% for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and ~~0.16%~~0.01% for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The Company's loans net of unearned fees ~~decreased~~increased from ~~$596,850,000~~$579,617,000 at ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 to ~~$572,810,000~~$623,686,000 at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

The allowance at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~1.48%~~1.46% of outstanding loan balances at ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, as compared to ~~1.43%~~1.33% at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and ~~1.47%~~1.52% at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

At ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, ~~and June 30, 2018, $583,000 and $346,000, respectively, in reserves relate to~~ unfunded loan ~~commitments~~commitment reserves of $584,000 and ~~is, therefore,~~$567,000, respectively, were reported ~~separately~~ in other ~~liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.~~liabilities. Management believes that the ~~1.48%~~1.46% credit loss allowance at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 is adequate to absorb

known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. No assurance can be given, however, regarding economic conditions or other circumstances which may adversely affect the Company's service areas and result in future losses to the loan portfolio.

Asset/Liability Management – Liquidity and Cash Flow

The primary functions of asset/liability management are to provide adequate liquidity and maintain an appropriate balance between interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities. In a ~~changing rate~~changing-rate environment, ~~an inbalance in~~imbalances between interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities will impact earnings. For example, in an ~~increasing rate~~increasing-rate environment if interest-sensitive liabilities reprice sooner than interest sensitive assets, net interest income will be negatively impacted.

Liquidity

Liquidity management may be described as the ability to maintain sufficient cash flows to fulfill financial obligations, including loan funding commitments and customer deposit withdrawals, without straining the Company’s equity structure. To maintain an adequate liquidity position, the Bank relies on, in addition to cash and cash equivalents, cash inflows from deposits and short-term borrowings, repayments of principal on loans and investments, and interest income received. The Bank's principal cash outflows are for loan origination, purchases of investment securities, depositor withdrawals and payment of operating expenses.

The Bank continues to emphasize liability management as part of its overall asset/liability strategy. Through the discretionary acquisition of short term borrowings, the Bank has, when needed, been able to provide liquidity to fund asset growth while, at the same time, better utilizing its capital resources, and better controlling interest rate risk. This does not preclude the Bank from selling assets such as investment securities to fund liquidity needs but, with favorable borrowing rates, the Bank has maintained a positive yield spread between borrowed liabilities and the assets which those liabilities fund. If, at some time, rate spreads become unfavorable, the Bank has the ability to utilize an asset management approach and, either control asset growth or fund further growth with maturities or sales of investment securities. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Bank had no borrowings, as its deposit base currently provides funding sufficient to support its asset values.

The Banks liquid asset base which generally consists of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell ~~(“reverse repos”)~~(reverse repos) and investment securities, is maintained at a level deemed sufficient to provide the cash outlay necessary to fund loan growth and accommodate any customer deposit runoff that may occur. Additional liquidity requirements may be funded with overnight or term borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank. Within this framework is the objective of maximizing the yield on earning assets. This is generally achieved by maintaining a high percentage of earning assets in loans, which historically have represented the Company's highest yielding asset. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the loan portfolio totaled ~~56.9%~~63.8% of total assets and the loan to deposit ratio was ~~64.8%~~73.1%, compared to ~~63.0%~~62.3% and 71.9%, respectively, at December 31, ~~2018~~2019. Liquid assets at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, included cash and cash equivalents totaling $~~309,460,000~~199,853,000 as compared to $~~220,337,000~~218,995,000 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019. Other sources of liquidity include collateralized lines of credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank, and from the Federal Reserve Bank totaling ~~$292,945,000~~$343,171,000 and uncollateralized lines of credit from Pacific Coast Banker's Bank (PCBB) of $10,000,000, Union Bank of $10,000,000, and Zion's Bank of $20,000,000 at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020.

The liquidity of the Holding Company, United Security Bancshares, is primarily dependent on the payment of cash dividends by its subsidiary, the Bank, subject to limitations imposed by the Financial Code of the State of California. During the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Holding Company has received ~~$4,389,000~~$1,967,000 in cash dividends from the Bank.

Cash Flow

The period-end balances of cash and cash equivalents for the periods shown are as follows (from Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – in 000’s):

(in 000's) Balance
December 31, 2017 $ 107,934
June 30, 2018 $ 191,128
December 31, 2018 $ 220,337
June 30, 2019 $ 309,460



(in 000's)	Balance
December 31, 2018	$	220,337
March 31, 2019	$	260,701
December 31, 2019	$	218,995
March 31, 2020	$	199,853

Cash and cash equivalents ~~increased $89,123,000~~decreased $19,142,000 during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, compared to an increase of ~~$83,194,000~~$40,364,000 during the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~

March 31, 2019.

The Company had a net cash inflow from operating activities of ~~$5,080,000~~$4,812,000 for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and a cash inflow from operations totaling ~~$2,944,000~~$2,823,000 for the period ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The Company experienced net cash outflows from investing activities of $44,161,000 related to a $26,886,000 increase in loan balances and purchases of available-for-sale securities of $23,020,000. For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Company experienced net cash inflows from investing activities of ~~$20,640,000~~$11,607,000 related to a ~~$14,559,000~~$8,050,000 decrease in loan balances and principal payments on available-for-sale securities of $6,828,000. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company experienced net cash inflows from investing activities of $12,501,000 related to a $27,839,000 decrease in loan balances and principal payments on available-for-sale securities of $4,698,000, partially offset by $19,860,000 in purchases of available-for-sale securities.$3,677,000.

During the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company experienced net cash inflows from financing activities totaling ~~$63,403,000,~~$20,207,000, primarily as the result of increases of ~~$77,652,000~~$25,727,000 in demand deposits and savings accounts, partially offset by decreases of ~~$12,380,000~~$3,653,000 in time deposits. For the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, the Company experienced net cash inflows of ~~$67,749,000~~$25,934,000 primarily as the result of increases of ~~$67,299,000~~$35,090,000 in demand deposits and savings accounts, offset by decreases of ~~$1,970,000~~$9,156,000 in time ~~deposits and purchased brokered~~ deposits.

The Company has the ability to increase or decrease loan growth, increase or decrease deposits and borrowings, or a combination of both to manage balance sheet liquidity.

Regulatory Matters

Capital Adequacy

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements adopted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Board of Governors”). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandates and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the consolidated Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

Quantitative measures established by the capital adequacy guidelines require insured institutions to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital (the sum of common stockholders' equity, noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries, minus intangible assets, identified losses and investments in certain subsidiaries, plus unrealized losses or minus unrealized gains on available for sale securities) to total assets. Institutions which have received the highest composite regulatory rating and which are not experiencing or anticipating significant growth are required to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio of 3% of Tier 1 capital to total assets. All other institutions are required to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio of at least 100 to 200 basis points above the 3% minimum requirement.

The Company has adopted a capital plan that includes guidelines and trigger points to ensure sufficient capital is maintained at the Bank and the Company, and that capital ratios are maintained at a level deemed appropriate under regulatory guidelines given the level of classified assets, concentrations of credit, ALLL, current and projected growth, and projected retained earnings. The capital plan also contains contingency strategies to obtain additional capital as required to fulfill future capital requirements for both the Bank, as a separate legal entity, and the Company on a consolidated basis. The capital plan requires the Bank to maintain a ratio of tangible shareholders' equity to total tangible assets equal to or greater than 9.0%. The Bank’s ratio of tangible shareholders’ equity to total tangible assets was ~~11.72%~~12.4% and ~~12.5%~~12.1% at ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively.

The following table sets forth the Company’s and the Bank's actual capital positions at ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, as well as the minimum capital requirements and requirements to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions (Bank required only) under the regulatory guidelines discussed above:

Table 14. Capital Ratios


	Ratios at June 30, 2019	Ratios at December 31, 2018	Minimum for Capital Adequacy (1)	Minimum requirement for "Well Capitalized" Institution	Ratios at March 31, 2020	Ratios at December 31, 2019	Minimum for Capital Adequacy (1)	Minimum requirement for "Well Capitalized" Institution
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Company	18.15%	17.80%	10.50%	N/A	17.24%	17.98%	10.50%	N/A
Bank	18.04%	17.70%	10.50%	10.00%	17.21%	17.78%	10.50%	10.00%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Company	16.90%	16.55%	8.50%	N/A	15.99%	16.81%	8.50%	N/A
Bank	16.79%	16.45%	8.50%	8.00%	15.96%	16.61%	8.50%	8.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Company	15.47%	15.15%	7.00%	N/A	14.92%	15.39%	7.00%	N/A
Bank	16.79%	16.45%	7.00%	6.50%	15.96%	16.61%	7.00%	6.50%
Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets (leverage)
Company	12.43%	12.15%	6.00%	N/A	12.77%	12.82%	6.00%	N/A
Bank	12.33%	12.16%	6.00%	5.00%	12.76%	12.83%	6.00%	5.00%

(1) Includes 2.50% Capital Conservation Buffer

The Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation approved final capital rules in July 2013, that substantially amended the then existing capital rules for banks. These new rules reflect, in part, certain standards initially adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in December 2010 (commonly referred to as “Basel III”) as well as requirements encompassed by the Dodd-Frank Act.

The final rules set a new common equity tier 1 requirement and higher minimum tier 1 requirements for all banking organizations. The final rules also require a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets which is in addition to the other minimum risk-based capital standards in the rule. The capital buffer requirement is being be phased in over three years beginning in 2016, and will effectively raise the minimum required Common Equity Tier 1 RBC Ratio to 7.0%, the Tier 1 RBC Ratio to 8.5%, and the Total RBC Ratio to 10.5% on a fully phased-in basis. Institutions that do not maintain the required capital buffer will become subject to progressively more stringent limitations on the percentage of earnings that can be paid out in dividends or used for stock repurchases, and on the payment of discretionary bonuses to executive management. The rules revise the prompt corrective action framework to incorporate the new regulatory capital minimums. They also enhance risk sensitivity and address weaknesses identified over recent years with the measure of risk-weighted assets.

As of ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Management believes that, under the current regulations, both will continue to meet their minimum capital requirements in the foreseeable future.

Dividends

Dividends paid to shareholders by the Holding Company are subject to restrictions set forth in the California General

Corporation Law. As applicable to the Holding Company, the California General Corporation Law provides that the Holding Company may make a distribution to its shareholders if retained earnings immediately prior to the dividend payout are at least equal to the amount of the proposed distribution or if immediately after the distribution, the value of the Holding Company’s assets would equal or exceed the sum of its total liabilities. The primary source of funds with which dividends will be paid to shareholders will come from cash dividends received by the Company from the Bank.

On April 25, 2017, the Board of Directors announced the authorization of the repurchase of up to $3,000,000 of the outstanding stock of the Holding Company. This amount represents 2.6% of total shareholders' equity of ~~$113,338,000~~$117,410,000 at ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. The timing of the purchases will depend on certain factors including, but not limited to, market conditions and prices, available funds, and alternative uses of capital. The stock repurchase program may be carried out through open-market purchases, block trades, or negotiated private transactions. During the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company did not repurchase any of the shares available.

During the ~~six months~~quarter ended ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Bank paid ~~$4,389,000~~$1,967,000 in cash dividends to the Holding Company which funded the Holding Company’s operating costs and payments of interest on its junior subordinated debt.

The Bank, as a state-chartered bank, is subject to dividend restrictions set forth in the California Financial Code, as administered by the Commissioner of the DBO ~~(“Commissioner”)~~(Commissioner). As applicable to the Bank, the Financial Code provides that the Bank may not pay cash dividends in an amount which exceeds the lesser of the retained earnings of the Bank or the Bank’s net income for the last three fiscal years (less the amount of distributions to the Holding Company during that period of time). If the above test is not met, cash dividends may only be paid with the prior approval of the Commissioner, in an amount not exceeding the Bank’s net income for its last fiscal year or the amount of its net income for the current fiscal year. Such restrictions do not apply to stock dividends, which generally require neither the satisfaction of any tests nor the approval of the Commissioner. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Commissioner finds that the shareholder's equity of the Bank is not adequate or that the declaration of a dividend would be unsafe or unsound, the Commissioner may order the Bank not to pay any dividend. The Reserve Bank may also limit dividends paid by the Bank.

Reserve Balances

The Bank is required to maintain average reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank. During 2005, the Company implemented a deposit reclassification program which allows the Company to reclassify a portion of transaction accounts to non-transaction accounts for reserve purposes. The deposit reclassification program is provided by a third-party vendor and has been approved by the Federal Reserve Bank. At ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the Bank was not subject to a reserve requirement.

Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company’s assessment of market risk as of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 indicates there are no material changes in the quantitative and qualitative disclosures from those in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As of ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures was carried out. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not

absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns in controls or procedures can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Not applicable

~~Item 1A.Risk Factors~~

~~There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.~~

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None during the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable

Item 6. Exhibits:


(a)	Exhibits:



11	Computation of Earnings per Share*
31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

* Data required by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 260, Earnings per Share, is provided in Note 810 to the consolidated financial statements in this report.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		United Security Bancshares

Date:	~~August 2, 2019~~May 1, 2020	/S/ Dennis R. Woods
		Dennis R. Woods
		President and Chief Executive Officer

		/S/ Bhavneet Gill
		Bhavneet Gill
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

6260



(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019			Three Months Ended June 30, 2018			Six Months Ended June 30, 2019			Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Net Income	$	4,097		$	3,392		$	8,104		$	6,549

Unrealized holdings gain (loss) on securities	275			(171		)	563			(428		)
Unrealized gains on unrecognized post-retirement costs	14			18			28			27
Unrealized (loss) gain on junior subordinated debentures	(542		)	(272		)	(1,247		)	295
Other comprehensive loss, before tax	(253		)	(425		)	(656		)	(106		)
Tax (expense) benefit related to securities	(85		)	46			(170		)	128
Tax expense related to unrecognized post-retirement costs	(4		)	(5		)	(8		)	(8		)
Tax benefit (expense) related to junior subordinated debentures	160			80			368			(88		)
Total other comprehensive loss	(182		)	(304		)	(466		)	(74		)
Comprehensive Income	$	3,915		$	3,088		$	7,638		$	6,475



				2019							2018
(dollars in 000's)	Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)
	Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases (1)	$	573,436		$	17,085	6.01	%	$	590,905		$	15,717	5.36	%
Investment securities (3)	66,772			921		2.78	%	47,381			457		1.95	%
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB	227,335			2,722		2.41	%	124,215			1,065		1.73	%
Total interest-earning assets	867,543			$	20,728	4.82	%	762,501			$	17,239	4.56	%
Allowance for credit losses	(8,449		)					(9,364		)
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks	28,793							26,906
Premises and equipment, net	9,669							10,157
Accrued interest receivable	8,726							6,768
Other real estate owned	5,745							5,745
Other assets	42,039							36,930
Total average assets	$	954,066						$	839,643
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW accounts	$	108,420		$	76	0.14	%	$	97,124		$	66	0.14	%
Money market accounts	246,774			1,070		0.87	%	174,985			525		0.61	%
Savings accounts	92,003			160		0.35	%	83,352			94		0.23	%
Time deposits	75,185			418		1.12	%	66,547			252		0.76	%
Junior subordinated debentures	10,235			241		4.75	%	9,641			199		4.16	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	532,617			$	1,965	0.74	%	431,649			$	1,136	0.53	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing checking	300,035							297,712
Accrued interest payable	195							110
Other liabilities	9,067							6,089
Total liabilities	841,914							735,560

Total shareholders' equity	112,152							104,083
Total average liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	954,066						$	839,643
Interest income as a percentage of average earning assets						4.82	%						4.56	%
Interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets						0.46	%						0.30	%
Net interest margin						4.36	%						4.26	%



(in 000's)	Balance
December 31, 2017	$	107,934
June 30, 2018	$	191,128
December 31, 2018	$	220,337
June 30, 2019	$	309,460