UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

_______________________________________________________
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             
Commission File Number:
000-50679

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Corporation as Specified in Its Charter)

_______________________________________________________
Delaware77-0487658
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
149 Commonwealth Drive
Menlo Park, CA 94025
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(650) 327-3270
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)+

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par valueCORTThe Nasdaq Stock Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrantregistrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer☐  Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
On October 28, 2020,July 22, 2021, there were 116,172,927115,926,629 shares of common stock outstanding at a par value of $0.001 per share.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
 (Unaudited)(See Note 1)
ASSETS  
Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents$30,560 $31,269 
Short-term marketable securities398,233 244,693 
Trade receivables, net of allowances21,957 19,928 
Inventory4,817 5,424 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets7,926 6,044 
Total current assets463,493 307,358 
Strategic inventory12,075 11,981 
Operating lease right-of-use asset2,993 3,446 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation1,311 1,050 
Long-term marketable securities15,425 39,352 
Other assets5,010 3,448 
Deferred tax assets, net33,818 45,677 
Total assets$534,125 $412,312 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$6,510 $7,537 
Accrued clinical expenses15,532 6,477 
Accrued and other liabilities18,972 23,269 
Short-term operating lease liability2,034 1,558 
Total current liabilities43,048 38,841 
Long-term operating lease liability997 1,903 
Long-term accrued income taxes400 386 
Total liabilities44,445 41,130 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock
Common stock121 120 
Additional paid-in capital496,489 457,060 
Treasury stock(63,969)(62,704)
Accumulated other comprehensive income577 261 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)56,462 (23,555)
Total stockholders’ equity489,680 371,182 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$534,125 $412,312 
thousands)
June 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
 (Unaudited)(See Note 1)
ASSETS  
Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents$95,430 $76,190 
Short-term marketable securities274,552 364,506 
Trade receivables, net of allowances27,620 26,198 
Inventory4,669 4,910 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets8,999 6,697 
Total current assets411,270 478,501 
Strategic inventory14,734 16,247 
Operating lease right-of-use asset1,524 2,509 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation1,414 1,675 
Long-term marketable securities101,657 36,196 
Other assets4,140 5,000 
Deferred tax assets, net33,741 31,603 
Total assets$568,480 $571,731 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$9,216 $10,554 
Accrued clinical expenses13,113 13,704 
Accrued and other liabilities21,514 21,186 
Short-term operating lease liability1,559 2,050 
Total current liabilities45,402 47,494 
Long-term operating lease liability501 
Long-term accrued income taxes403 398 
Total liabilities45,805 48,393 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)00
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock
Common stock125 122 
Additional paid-in capital554,154 516,140 
Treasury stock(164,263)(75,795)
Accumulated other comprehensive income215 415 
Retained earnings132,444 82,456 
Total stockholders’ equity522,675 523,338 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$568,480 $571,731 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
Product revenue, net$86,327 $81,505 $268,139 $218,591 
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales1,216 1,451 4,328 4,068 
Research and development33,869 22,805 86,489 64,705 
Selling, general and administrative26,523 24,245 79,630 73,228 
Total operating expenses61,608 48,501 170,447 142,001 
Income from operations24,719 33,004 97,692 76,590 
Interest and other income622 1,348 3,103 3,626 
Income before income taxes25,341 34,352 100,795 80,216 
Income tax expense(3,716)(8,012)(20,778)(15,416)
Net income$21,625 $26,340 $80,017 $64,800 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale investments, net of tax impact of $109, $1, $(81) and $(123), respectively(347)(2)259 389 
Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax84 (5)57 (5)
Total comprehensive income$21,362 $26,333 $80,333 $65,184 
Basic net income per share$0.19 $0.23 $0.70 $0.57 
Diluted net income per share$0.17 $0.22 $0.65 $0.53 
Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net income per share
Basic115,734 113,875 115,107 114,349 
Diluted124,464 121,762 123,337 122,478 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
Product revenue, net$91,588 $88,565 $171,025 $181,812 
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales1,384 1,234 2,652 3,112 
Research and development28,232 26,497 57,254 52,620 
Selling, general and administrative30,029 25,572 59,538 53,107 
Total operating expenses59,645 53,303 119,444 108,839 
Income from operations31,943 35,262 51,581 72,973 
Interest and other income110 1,010 385 2,481 
Income before income taxes32,053 36,272 51,966 75,454 
Income tax expense(5,530)(7,945)(1,978)(17,062)
Net income26,523 28,327 49,988 58,392 
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax effect of $16, $(170), $77 and $(190), respectively(50)545 (242)606 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss), net of tax16 (15)42 (27)
Total comprehensive income$26,489 $28,857 $49,788 $58,971 
Basic net income per share$0.23 $0.25 $0.43 $0.51 
Diluted net income per share$0.21 $0.23 $0.39 $0.48 
Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net income per share
Basic116,294 115,006 116,555 114,790 
Diluted126,680 123,234 128,204 122,756 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Cash flows from operating activities:  
Net income$80,017 $64,800 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash generated from operations:
Stock-based compensation25,109 21,703 
Deferred income taxes11,778 11,731 
Amortization (accretion) of interest income404 (1,413)
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment447 474 
Non-cash amortization of right-of-use asset1,228 1,136 
Others148 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables(2,029)(4,817)
Inventory694 (654)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(1,882)(58)
Other assets(1,562)(100)
Accounts payable(988)(2,424)
Accrued clinical expenses9,055 600 
Accrued and other liabilities(4,315)(2,207)
Operating lease liabilities(1,205)(1,108)
Net cash provided by operating activities116,899 87,663 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(807)(953)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities193,418 168,445 
Purchases of marketable securities(323,094)(223,331)
Net cash used in investing activities(130,483)(55,839)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, net of issuance costs13,240 6,643 
Repurchase of common stock(275)(30,975)
Cash paid to satisfy statutory withholding requirement for net settlement of cashless option exercise(90)(4,169)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities12,875 (28,501)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(709)3,323 
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period31,269 41,625 
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period$30,560 $44,948 
Supplemental disclosure:
Exercise price of shares tendered in net settlement of cashless option exercise$900 $931 
Recognition of right-of-use asset and lease liability$775 $1,878 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 20212020
Cash flows from operating activities:  
Net income$49,988 $58,392 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Stock-based compensation21,169 16,407 
Deferred income taxes(2,061)10,017 
Amortization (accretion) of interest income2,471 (72)
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment514 362 
Non-cash amortization of right-of-use asset985 749 
Others148 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables(1,422)(2,797)
Inventory1,858 1,414 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(2,047)721 
Other assets860 (1,088)
Accounts payable(1,304)(1,251)
Accrued clinical expenses(591)4,812 
Accrued and other liabilities333 (628)
Operating lease liability(992)(731)
Net cash provided by operating activities69,761 86,455 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(245)(89)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities244,971 153,193 
Purchases of marketable securities(223,268)(219,314)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities21,458 (66,210)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of issuance costs8,786 7,347 
Repurchase of common stock(62,711)(275)
Cash paid to satisfy statutory withholding requirement for net settlement of cashless option exercises(18,054)(63)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(71,979)7,009 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents19,240 27,254 
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period76,190 31,269 
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period$95,430 $58,523 
Supplemental disclosure:
Cost of shares repurchased for net settlement of cashless option exercises$7,704 $772 
Recognition of right-of-use asset and lease liability$$775 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in thousands) 
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Treasury StockAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Retained Earnings (Accumulated
Deficit)
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2018115,031 $117 $417,228 $(23,657)$(70)$(117,736)$275,882 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options1,497 3,365 — — — 3,366 
Shares tendered to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercise(428)— — (5,100)— — (5,100)
Stock-based compensation related to employee and director options— — 6,724 — — — 6,724 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 164 — 164 
Purchases of treasury stock(1,168)— — (13,555)— — (13,555)
Net income— — — — — 18,274 18,274 
Balance at March 31, 2019114,932 118 427,317 (42,312)94 (99,462)285,755 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options317 1,514 — — — 1,514 
Stock-based compensation related to employee and director options— — 7,791 — — — 7,791 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 227 — 227 
Purchases of treasury stock(1,612)— — (17,420)— — (17,420)
Net income— — — — — 20,186 20,186 
Balance at June 30, 2019113,637 118 436,622 (59,732)321 (79,276)298,053 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options473 2,696 — — — 2,697 
Stock-based compensation related to employee and director options— — 7,293 — — — 7,293 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (7)— (7)
Net income— — — — — 26,340 26,340 
Balance at September 30, 2019114,110 $119 $446,611 $(59,732)$314 $(52,936)$334,376 
Balance at December 31, 2019114,549 $120 $457,060 $(62,704)$261 $(23,555)$371,182 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options67 480 — — — 480 
Stock-based compensation related to employee and director options— — 7,988 — — — 7,988 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 49 — 49 
Purchases of treasury stock(20)— — (275)— — (275)
Net income— — — — — 30,065 30,065 
Balance at March 31, 2020114,596 120 465,528 (62,979)310 6,510 409,489 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options1,011 7,638 — — — 7,639 
Shares tendered to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercise(54)— — (835)— — (835)
Stock-based compensation related to employee and director options— — 8,548 — — — 8,548 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 530 — 530 
Net income— — — — — 28,327 28,327 
Balance at June 30, 2020115,553 121 481,714 (63,814)840 34,837 453,698 
6

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options626 6,020 — — — 6,020 
Shares tendered to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercise(11)— — (155)— — (155)
Stock-based compensation related to employee and director options— — 8,755 — — — 8,755 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — (263)— (263)
Net income— — — — — 21,625 21,625 
Balance at September 30, 2020116,168 $121 $496,489 $(63,969)$577 $56,462 $489,680 
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Treasury StockAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Retained Earnings (Accumulated
Deficit)
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2019114,549 $120 $457,060 $(62,704)$261 $(23,555)$371,182 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options67 — 480 — — — 480 
Purchases of treasury stock(20)— — (275)— — (275)
Stock-based compensation— — 7,988 — — — 7,988 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 49 — 49 
Net income— — — — — 30,065 30,065 
Balance at March 31, 2020114,596 120 465,528 (62,979)310 6,510 409,489 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options1,011 7,638 — — — 7,639 
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(54)— — (835)— — (835)
Stock-based compensation— — 8,548 — — — 8,548 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 530 — 530 
Net income— — — — — 28,327 28,327 
Balance at June 30, 2020115,553 $121 $481,714 $(63,814)$840 $34,837 $453,698 
Balance at December 31, 2020116,735 $122 $516,140 $(75,795)$415 $82,456 $523,338 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options1,832 10,081 — — — 10,083 
Purchases of treasury stock(1,282)— — (33,540)— — (33,540)
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(808)— — (22,520)— — (22,520)
Stock-based compensation— — 10,142 — — — 10,142 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (166)— (166)
Net income— — — — — 23,465 23,465 
Balance at March 31, 2021116,477 124 536,363 (131,855)249 105,921 510,802 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options855 6,660 — — — 6,661 
Purchases of treasury stock(1,365)— — (29,170)— — (29,170)
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(146)— — (3,238)— — (3,238)
Stock-based compensation— — 11,131 — — — 11,131 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (34)— (34)
Net income— — — — — 26,523 26,523 
Balance at June 30, 2021115,821 $125 $554,154 $(164,263)$215 $132,444 $522,675 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
76

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated is a commercial-stage pharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of medications that treat severe metabolic, oncologic and psychiatric disorders by modulating the effect of the hormone cortisol. In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved Korlym® (“mifepristone”) 300 mg tablets, as a once-daily oral medication for the treatment of hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery. We have discovered and patented 4 structurally distinct series of selective cortisol modulators, consisting of more than 1,000 compounds. We are developing compounds from these series as potential treatments for a broad range of serious disorders.
We were incorporated in the State of Delaware in May 1998. Our headquarters are located in Menlo Park, California.
Basis of Presentation
We have prepared the following in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X: (i) condensed consolidated balance sheet as of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021 and (ii) condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and stockholders’ equity for the threethree- and nine monthssix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 and (iii) condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine monthssix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020. These do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation (which in the applicable periods consist only of normal, recurring adjustments) have been included. Operating results for the threethree- and nine monthssix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the remainder of 20202021 or any other period. These financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 20192020 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The December 31, 20192020 consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements at that date.
There have been no material changes in the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 except for the adoption of the accounting pronouncements set forth below.2020.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and for determining when such losses are recorded. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of the adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. It had no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820),” which eliminates or modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and requires disclosure of additional information. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of the adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. It had no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet AdoptedPronouncement
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12 (ASC Topic 740), “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” This standard simplifies accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and clarifying existing guidance. This standard will beguidance, and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are assessing the impact ofadopted this standard on January 1, 2021. The adoption had no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
87

2. Composition of Certain Balance Sheet Items
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
As of September 30, 2020, prepaid expenses and other current assets included $1.8 million of estimated taxes paid for U.S. federal and state income taxes in excess of the estimated current income tax payable. As of December 31, 2019, there were no excess estimated taxes paid.
Inventory
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
 (in thousands)
Raw materials$1,516 $1,389 
Work in progress9,284 10,086 
Finished goods6,092 5,930 
Total inventory16,892 17,405 
Less strategic inventory classified as non-current(12,075)(11,981)
Total inventory classified as current$4,817 $5,424 
June 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Raw materials$$1,685 
Work in progress14,379 12,916 
Finished goods5,024 6,556 
Total inventory19,403 21,157 
Less strategic inventory classified as non-current(14,734)(16,247)
Total inventory classified as current$4,669 $4,910 
Because we rely on a single manufacturer for the active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) for Korlym, we have purchased and hold significant quantities of API.API, including API held in our work in progress inventory. We classify inventory we do not expect to sell within 12 months of the balance sheet date as “Strategic Inventory,” a long-term asset.
Property and Equipment
June 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
(in thousands)
Furniture and equipment$1,034 $810 
Software1,485 1,485 
Leasehold improvements1,262 1,233 
Total property and equipment3,781 3,528 
Less accumulated depreciation(2,367)(1,853)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation$1,414 $1,675 
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
(in thousands)
Furniture and equipment$531 $304 
Software1,441 1,541 
Leasehold improvements1,115 533 
3,087 2,378 
Less accumulated depreciation(1,776)(1,328)
$1,311 $1,050 
9

Accrued and other liabilities
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
 (in thousands)
Government rebates$8,972 $8,209 
Accrued compensation7,671 12,331 
Legal fees876 1,087 
Accrued selling and marketing costs611 491 
Professional fees421 367 
Accrued manufacturing costs172 33 
Income taxes payable472 
Other249 279 
Total accrued and other liabilities$18,972 $23,269 
June 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Government rebates$10,638 $9,412 
Accrued compensation7,740 10,144 
Professional fees760 151 
Accrued selling and marketing costs729 665 
Legal fees670 612 
Income taxes payable665 
Other312 202 
Total accrued and other liabilities$21,514 $21,186 
Other assets
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, Other assets included $4.8$3.9 million and $3.3$4.8 million of deposits for clinical trials, respectively.
8

3. Available-for-Sale Securities and Fair Value Measurements
The available-for-sale securities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:
June 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
(in thousands)
Cash equivalents$69,303 $50,524 
Short-term marketable securities274,552 364,506 
Long-term marketable securities101,657 36,196 
Total marketable securities$445,512 $451,226 
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
(in thousands)
Cash equivalents$21,064 $18,461 
Short-term marketable securities398,233 244,693 
Long-term marketable securities15,425 39,352 
Total marketable securities$434,722 $302,506 
The following table presents our available-for-sale securities grouped by asset type:
 Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value
  (in thousands)
Corporate bondsLevel 2$103,882 $196 $(3)$104,075 $109,780 $136 $(6)$109,910 
Commercial paperLevel 2116,726 116,726 41,237 41,237 
Asset-backed securitiesLevel 233,520 33 33,553 57,195 63 (5)57,253 
Repurchase agreementsLevel 218,000 18,000 
U.S. treasury securitiesLevel 1159,014 291 159,305 75,574 71 75,645 
Money market fundsLevel 121,063 21,063 461 461 
Total Marketable securities$434,205 $520 $(3)$434,722 $302,247 $270 $(11)$302,506 
 Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value
  (in thousands)
Corporate bondsLevel 2$103,226 $15 $(38)$103,203 $96,999 $74 $(9)$97,064 
Commercial paperLevel 2125,882 125,882 139,791 139,791 
Asset-backed securitiesLevel 257,007 (19)56,994 39,243 15 (1)39,257 
U.S. treasury securitiesLevel 190,127 10 (7)90,130 124,461 131 (2)124,590 
Money market fundsLevel 169,303 69,303 50,524 50,524 
Total marketable securities$445,545 $31 $(64)$445,512 $451,018 $220 $(12)$451,226 
We estimate the fair value of marketable securities classified as Level 1 using quoted market prices for these or similaridentical investments obtained from a commercial pricing service. We estimate the fair value of marketable securities classified as Level 2 using inputs that may include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes and issuer spreads.
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We periodically review our debt securities to determine if any of our investments is impaired due to credit-related or other issues. If the fair value of our investment in any debt security is less than our amortized cost basis, we determine whether an allowance for credit losses is appropriate by assessing quantitative and subjective factors including, but not limited to, the nature of security, changes in credit ratings, analyst reports concerning the security’s issuer and industry, interest rate fluctuations and general market conditions.
Unrealized losses on our available-for-sale debt securities as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 were not significant and were primarily due to changes in interest rates, and not increased credit risk.insignificant. Accordingly, we have not recorded an allowance for credit losses associated with these investments.
We do not intend to sell the investments that are in ancurrently have unrealized loss position, and itlosses. It is highly unlikely that we will be required to sell theany of our investments before recovery of their full amortized cost basis, which will most likelymay be at maturity.
We classified accrued interest on our marketable securities of $1.6$1.4 million and $1.0$1.3 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, as prepaid and other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.sheets.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, all our marketable securities had original maturities of less than two years. The weighted-average maturity of our holdings was fiveeight months. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, our long-term marketable securities had remaining maturities of 13ranging from 14 to 21 months. None of our marketable securities changed from one fair value hierarchy to another during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
4. Leases
We lease our office facilities in Menlo Park, California. On January 1, 2019, we recognized a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability of $1.9 million. Effective October 1, 2019, we amended the lease to extend its term from March 31, 2020 to March 31, 2022 and to add more space beginning April 1, 2020. As a result of this amendment, we recognized an additional right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability of $3.0 million. Effective June 17, 2020, we amended the lease commencement date for the additional space to June 15, 2020. As a result of this amendment, we recognized an additional right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability of $0.8 million. The right-of-use asset and lease liability recognized equals the present value of the remaining payments due under our amended lease.
As the operating lease for our facilities does not include an expressly stated interest rate, we calculated the present value of remaining lease payments using a discount rate equal to the interest rate we would pay on a loan with monthly payments and a term equal to the monthly payments and remaining term of our lease. We recognize operating lease payments as expenses using the straight-line method over the term of the lease.
Operating lease expense for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was approximately $0.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
For any future operating lease transactions, we will recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities equal to the present value of the expected lease payments at the lease commencement date.
Our right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
(in thousands)
Cash paid for operating lease liability$514 $391 $1,326 $1,160 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liability$$$775 $1,878 
As of September 30, 2020, our operating lease had a weighted average remaining lease term of 18 months and a weighted average discount rate of 4.8 percent.
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As of September 30, 2020, future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
2020 (remainder)$527 
20212,109 
2022530 
3,166 
Less imputed interest(135)
Total lease liabilities$3,031 

5. Commitments and Contingencies
In March 2020, to ensure we have sufficient API to meet future demand for Korlym tablets, we committed to purchase an additional 400 kilograms of API from Produits Chimiques Auxiliaires et de Synthese SA (“PCAS,” a member of the Seqens Group) for a total price of $5.9 million. As of September 30, 2020, there remained a $4.4 million obligation in connection with this purchase commitment.
There have been no other material changes in our obligations under contractual agreements described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.
In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to legal claims and regulatory actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial position. We assess our potential liability in such situations by analyzing potential
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outcomes under various litigation, regulatory and settlement strategies. If we determine a loss is probable and its amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue an amount equal to the estimated loss.
NaN losses and 0 provision for a loss contingency have been recorded to date.
6.5. Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Option Plans
We have 2 stock option plans – the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”) and the 2012 Incentive Award Plan (the “2012 Plan”). In February 2020,2021, our Board of Directors authorized a 4.64.7 million increase in the shares available for grant under the 2012 Plan.
During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, we issued 0.60.9 million and 1.72.7 million shares respectively, of our common stock upon the exercise of stock options, comparedrespectively. Certain option holders exercised their options on a “net exercise” basis, pursuant to 0.5 millionwhich they surrendered to us, and 2.3 million shares during the same period of 2019, respectively.
The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
 (in thousands)(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventory$53 $22 $182 $105 
Cost of sales13 22 51 105 
Research and development2,958 2,350 8,357 6,834 
Selling, general and administrative5,731 4,899 16,701 14,764 
Total stock-based compensation$8,755 $7,293 $25,291 $21,808 
Related Party Transaction
On February 26, 2020, we purchased from them at the current market price, enough shares to cover the exercise price and tax withholding requirements arising from the exercise. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we purchased 0.1 million and 1.0 million shares in connection with such option net exercises, respectively. In connection with the shares purchased, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we paid $1.6 million and $18.1 million, respectively, to satisfy the tax withholding obligations associated with the net-share settlement of these cashless option exercises. We recorded these shares as treasury stock on our Chief Executive Officer $0.3condensed consolidated balance sheets, at cost.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we issued 1.0 million and 1.1 million shares of our common stock at a price of $13.54 per share, which wasupon the last quoted price per share on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of purchase. We purchased the shares in order to provide him with liquidity to satisfy tax liability arising from his net (cashless) exercise in 2019 of stock options, that were about to expire.
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7. Net Income Per Share
We compute basic and diluted net income per share by dividing our net income by the weighted-average numberrespectively. During each of common shares outstanding during the period. We used the treasury stock method to determine the number of dilutive shares of common stock resulting from the potential exercise of stock options. The statements of condensed consolidated comprehensive income show the computation of net income per share for each period, including the number of weighted-average shares outstanding.
The following table shows the computation of net income per share for each period:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
 (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:  
Net income$21,625 $26,340 $80,017 $64,800 
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net income per share115,734 113,875 115,107 114,349 
Dilutive effect of employee stock options8,730 7,887 8,230 8,129 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net income per share124,464 121,762 123,337 122,478 
Net income per share
Basic$0.19 $0.23 $0.70 $0.57 
Diluted$0.17 $0.22 $0.65 $0.53 
As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, we had 26.0 million and 24.1 million stock options outstanding, respectively.
Because including them would have reduced dilution, we excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, on a weighted-average basis, 10.5 million and 12.7 million stock options outstanding during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, respectively, and 10.4we purchased 0.1 million and 10.1 million stock options outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
8. Income Taxes
We recorded income tax expense of $3.7 million and $20.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,shares in connection with net of discrete benefits related to stock option exercises, and dispositionsat a total cost of $1.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 consisted primarily of reductions in our deferred tax assets of $1.8 million and $11.8 million, respectively, caused by utilization of our federal and state net operating losses and research tax credits, and income tax expense of $2.0 million and $9.0 million, respectively, for federal and in states where we do not have net operating loss carryforwards.$0.1 million.
Stock Repurchase Program
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our income tax expense was $8.0 million and $15.4 million, respectively, consisting primarily of reductions of $5.9 million and $11.7 million, respectively, in our deferred tax assets caused by utilization of our federal and state net operating losses, and income tax expense of $2.1 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in states where we do not have net operating loss carryforwards.
Our effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate due to state income taxes and non-deductible stock-based compensation, which increased our tax expense, offset by research and development tax credits and the excess tax deduction arising from the exercise of employee stock options, which reduced our tax expense.
Each quarter, we assess the likelihood that we will generate sufficient taxable income to use our federal and state deferred tax assets. If we believe that recovery of these deferred tax assets is not more likely than not, we will establish a valuation allowance. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence, including recent operating results, projections of future taxable income, our ability to utilize net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. Other than valuation allowances against our California net deferred tax assets, we have determined that it is more likely than not we will realize the benefit related to all other deferred tax assets. If we increase a valuation allowance,
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we will include an expense of equal amount in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period in which such determination is made.
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into U.S. federal law the CARES Act, which provides emergency assistance and health care for individuals, families, and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our preliminary analysis, the relief provisions will not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
On June 29, 2020, the California governor signed Assembly Bill 85 (“AB 85”) into law. AB 85 limits the use of business incentive tax credits and suspends the use of California net operating losses for 2020, 2021 and 2022 for companies with taxable income of $1 million or more. AB 85 will not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
9. Subsequent Events
On November 3, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $200 million of the Company'sour common stock (the "Stock“Stock Repurchase Program"Program”). Unless it is terminated or suspended prior to its expiration, the Stock Repurchase Program will remain in effect until September 30, 2021. The timing and amount of any repurchases pursuant to it will be determined based on market conditions, stock price and other factors. The Stock Repurchase Program does not require us to acquire any specific number of shares and it may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time without notice. Repurchases pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program may be made through a variety of methods, including open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades and accelerated share repurchase transactions.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we repurchased 1.4 million and 2.6 million shares of common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program in open market transactions or any combinationat an average price of such methods.$21.38 and $23.69 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $29.2 million and $62.7 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2021, $127.6 million of the current authorization remained available for the repurchase of shares of our common stock.
We recorded repurchased shares as treasury stock on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, at cost. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 we had 9.5 million and 5.9 million treasury shares outstanding, respectively.
Stock-based compensation
The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation by account:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventory$63 $59 $104 $129 
Cost of sales16 15 26 38 
Research and development3,825 2,794 7,330 5,399 
Selling, general and administrative7,227 5,680 13,813 10,970 
Total stock-based compensation$11,131 $8,548 $21,273 $16,536 

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6. Net Income Per Share
We compute basic and diluted net income per share by dividing our net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including potentially dilutive shares. We used the treasury stock method to determine the number of dilutive shares of common stock resulting from the potential exercise of stock options.
The following table shows the computation of net income per share for each period:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
Numerator:  
Net income$26,523 $28,327 $49,988 $58,392 
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net income per share116,294 115,006 116,555 114,790 
Dilutive effect of employee stock options10,386 8,228 11,649 7,966 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net income per share126,680 123,234 128,204 122,756 
Net income per share
Basic$0.23 $0.25 $0.43 $0.51 
Diluted$0.21 $0.23 $0.39 $0.48 
As of June 30, 2021 and 2020, we had 26.0 million and 26.4 million stock options outstanding, respectively.
Because including them would have reduced dilution, we excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, on a weighted-average basis, 4.6 million and 3.5 million stock options outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and 13.4 million and 13.0 million stock options outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
7. Income Taxes
We recorded income tax expense of $5.5 million and $2.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, our income tax expense was $7.9 million and $17.1 million. The decrease is primarily related to lower profit before tax as well as increased excess tax benefits for stock option exercises recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2020.
Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate due to state income taxes and the non-deductible portion of our stock-based compensation, which increased our tax expense, offset by tax benefits for research and development tax credits and the excess tax deduction arising from the exercise of employee stock options, which reduced our taxable income.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, unrecognized tax benefits increased by $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $6.7 million that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate and approximately $1.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits would not impact the effective tax rate as they would be offset by a corresponding change in valuation allowance.
Each quarter, we assess the likelihood that we will generate sufficient taxable income to use our federal and state deferred tax assets. If we believe that recovery of these deferred tax assets is not more likely than not, we establish a valuation allowance offsetting such assets on our balance sheet. Significant judgment is required in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. We consider all available evidence, including our recent operating results and our forecasts of future taxable income. Other than valuation allowances against our California net deferred tax assets, we have determined that it is more likely than not we will realize the benefit related to all other deferred tax assets. To the extent we increase a valuation allowance, we will include an expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period in which such determination is made.
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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
ThisThe following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand our results of operations and financial condition and is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with theour condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to financial statements, risk factors and other disclosures included in this report. StatementsForm 10-Q. Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”).
We make statements in this section that are “forward-looking”forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities lawslaws. For a complete discussion of such forward-looking statements and are subject to known and unknownthe potential risks and uncertainties that might cause actual results to differ materially from those the statements express or imply. For a discussion of such risks and uncertainties,may affect their accuracy, see the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-Q and the “Overview” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.MD&A.
Overview
We are a commercial-stage company engaged in the discovery and development of drugs tothat treat severe metabolic, oncologic and psychiatric disorders by modulating the effects of the hormone cortisol. Since 2012, we have marketed Korlym® (mifepristone) for the treatment of patients who suffersuffering from endogenous Cushing’s syndrome, a disease caused by excess cortisol activity.
We have discovered more than 1,000syndrome. Our portfolio of proprietary selective cortisol modulators inconsists of four structurally distinct series. Our leadseries totaling more than 1,000 compounds, have entered the clinic as potential treatments for a variety of serious disorders – Cushing’s syndrome, solid tumors (including advanced, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancerincluding relacorilant, exicorilant and castration-resistant prostate cancer), weight-gain caused by antipsychotic medications and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”).miricorilant.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Korlym. We sell Korlym in the United States, using experienced sales representatives to call on physicians caring for patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism). Because many people who suffer from Cushing’s syndrome are undiagnosed or inadequately treated, we have developed and continue to refine and expand programs to educate physicians and patients about screening for hypercortisolism and the role Korlym can play in treating thatthe disorder. We also have a field-based force of medical science liaisons.
We use one specialty pharmacy and one specialty distributor to distribute Korlym and provide logistical support to physicians and patients. Our policy is that no patient with Cushing’s syndrome will be denied access to Korlym for financial reasons. To help us achieve that goal, we fund our own patient support programs and donate money to independent charitable foundations that help patients pay for all aspects of their Cushing’s syndrome care, whether or not that care includes taking Korlym.
We hold 14 method of use patents listed in the FDA’sUnited States Food and Drug Administration’s (“FDA’s”) Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (the “Orange Book”) covering various uses of Korlym in the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome, with additional patent applications that may be suitable for listing in the Orange Book under review by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”).Office. Our Orange Book patents have expiration dates ranging from 2028 to 2038.
Relacorilant. We are conducting two Phase 3 trials of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulator, relacorilant, as a treatment for hypercortisolism.patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Relacorilant was well-tolerated in its Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials. Patients in the Phase 2 trial exhibited meaningful improvements in glucose control, hypertension, weight loss, liver function, coagulopathy, cognition, mood, insulin resistance and quality of life measures. Relacorilant shares Korlym’s affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor (“GR”), but, unlike Korlym, has no affinity for the progesterone receptor (“PR”), and so is not the “abortion pill” and does not cause the effects associated with PR affinity, including endometrial thickening and vaginal bleeding. Relacorilant also does not appear to cause hypokalemia (low potassium), a potentially serious adverse event that is a leading cause of patients stopping treatment with Korlym. Forty-four percent of patients in Korlym’s pivotal trial experienced hypokalemia.
The “GRACE”Our Phase 3 GRACE trial is expected to enrollhas a planned enrollment of 130 patients with all etiologies of Cushing’s syndrome at sites in the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. Each patient in GRACE will receivereceives relacorilant for 22 weeks. ThosePatients who exhibit pre-specified improvements in hypertension or glucose metabolism will enter a twelve-week,12-week, double-blind, “randomized withdrawal” phase, in which half of the patients will continue receiving relacorilant and the rest will receive placebo. GRACE’sThe trial’s primary endpoints areendpoint is the rate and degree of relapse in patients receiving placebo compared tomeasured against the rate and degree of relapse in those continuing treatment with relacorilant. If successful, we expect GRACE to provide the basis for a new drug application ("NDA") for relacorilant to treatas a treatment for patients with all etiologies Cushing'sof Cushing’s syndrome.
The double-blind, placebo-controlled “GRADIENT”We are conducting a second Phase 3 trial is testingof relacorilant, as a potential treatment forGRADIENT, in patients whose Cushing’s syndrome is caused by ana benign adrenal tumor. PatientsThese patients often exhibit less severe symptoms or have a slower course of disease than patients with this etiologyother etiologies of Cushing’s syndrome, typically have a more indolent course of disease, although their health outcomes are ultimately poor. GRADIENT is expected to enroll 130Half of the patients half of whomin
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GRADIENT will receive relacorilant for 26 weeks and half of whom will receive placebo for 26 weeks. GRADIENT’splacebo. The trial’s primary endpoints are improvementsimprovement in hypertensionglucose metabolism and glucose metabolism.hypertension. The planned enrollment for this study is 130 patients. Many of the clinical sites in GRACE are participating in GRADIENT.
The FDA and the European Commission (“EC”) have designated relacorilant as an orphan drug for the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. In the United States, relacorilant’s orphan designation confers tax credits, reduced regulatory fees and, provided we obtain approval seven years of exclusive marketing rights for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome.
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syndrome, seven years of exclusive marketing rights. Benefits of orphan drug designation by the EC are similar, but also include protocol assistance from the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), access to the EU’s centralized marketing authorization procedure in the European Union’s (“EU”) and, if we obtain approval, ten years of exclusive marketing rights in the European Union (“EU”)EU for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome.
Oncology
There is substantial in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence that cortisol’s activity allows certain types of solid tumors to resist treatment. In neithersome cancers, cortisol activity promotes tumor growth. In other cancers, cortisol stimulates genes that retard cellular apoptosis. Cortisol also suppresses the United States norbody’s immune response; activating, not suppressing, the EU does orphan drug designation shortenimmune system is beneficial in fighting certain cancers. Adding a cortisol modulator to a treatment regimen may help the drug approval process, make approval more likely or prevent competitors from marketing other drugs for the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome.
FKBP5 Gene Expression Assay. The tests used to diagnose patients with hypercortisolism and optimize their treatment are imprecise and often fail to identify patients with less severe manifestations ofpatient’s immune system combat the disease. Clinical data indicate that expression of the gene FKBP5, which is stimulated by cortisol activity, is high in patients suffering from hypercortisolism (i.e., excess cortisol activity), but subsides when they are successfully treated. We are testing this hypothesis in the GRACE and GRADIENT trials and have developed an assay that measures FKBP5 gene expression. We believe successful development of this assay would enable physicians to identify new patients with hypercortisolism more easily and better treat those already in their care.
Oncology
Many types of solid tumors express GR and are potential targets for cortisol modulation therapy, among them ovarian, pancreatic, ovarian,adrenocortical and castration-resistant prostate and adrenocortical cancer.
Relacorilant in Patients with Solid TumorsOur trials in ovarian and pancreatic cancer are examining whether adding relacorilant to nab-paclitaxel will suppress cortisol’s anti-apoptotic effect to help nab-paclitaxel achieve its intended tumor-killing effect. In July 2020, we completed enrollment in a 178-patient, controlled Phase 2 trial of relacorilant in combination with Abraxanenab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced, high-grade serousplatinum resistant ovarian tumors. The trial enrolled 178 patientscancer at sites in the United States and Europe. Two thirdsStudy participants were randomized to one of three treatment arms: Sixty women received 150 mg of relacorilant “intermittently,” the day before, the day of and the day after their weekly nab-paclitaxel infusion. Fifty-eight women received a daily relacorilant dose of 100 mg per day, with titration to 150 mg per day permitted at the investigator’s discretion in addition to nab-paclitaxel. Sixty women received nab-paclitaxel alone. The trial’s primary endpoint was progression-free survival (or “PFS”).
Patients in both of the patients are receiving relacorilant plus Abraxanenab-paclitaxel treatment arms of our Phase 2 ovarian cancer trial experienced longer PFS compared to patients who received nab-paclitaxel alone. Patients who received a higher dose of relacorilant given intermittently exhibited a statistically significant improvement in PFS compared to those who received nab-paclitaxel alone (5.6 months versus 3.8 months, hazard ratio: 0.66; p-value: 0.038). Patients who received a lower dose of relacorilant given daily exhibited a 1.5 month longer median PFS compared to patients who received nab-paclitaxel alone (5.3 months versus 3.8 months, hazard ratio: 0.83; p-value: not significant). Safety and the rest are receiving Abraxane alone. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival, as measured using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. We expect data from thistolerability of relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel was comparable to nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. Based on these positive results, we plan to initiate a pivotal Phase 3 trial to be available in the first halfquarter of 2021.2022.
We are also conductingIn June 2021, we completed a Phase 3 trial (“RELIANT”) of relacorilant plus Abraxane in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. RELIANT is expected to enroll 80 patients, all of whom will receive relacorilant plus Abraxane. We plan anplanned interim analysis of data from the first 43 patients to enroll in our open-label study of relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (the RELIANT trial). All 43 patients in the interim analysis had already received 2-4 prior lines of therapy and 40 patients.had experienced progressive disease while receiving prior nab-paclitaxel. Two of 31 evaluable patients in the interim analysis group exhibited tumor shrinkage qualifying as a partial response by the RECIST 1.1 criteria (“Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors”). Fifteen patients achieved stable disease for at least 12 weeks. The combination was well-tolerated. While these results suggest that the combination of relacorilant and nab-paclitaxel was active, the apparent level of benefit does not justify its further study as a treatment for end-stage pancreatic cancer. Accordingly, we have stopped enrollment in the trial.
We have initiatedare also conducting an open-label, Phase 1b trial of relacorilant plus the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in 20 patients with advanced adrenocortical cancer. Because adrenocortical tumors producemetastatic or unresectable adrenal cancer with cortisol these patients also suffer from Cushing’s syndrome. Ourexcess. The trial will evaluateexamine whether adding relacorilant can, by reducing the effects of excess cortisol activity, treat these patients’ Cushing’s syndrome and, by reversing cortisol-inducedto pembrolizumab therapy reduces cortisol-activated immune suppression sufficiently to help pembrolizumab achieve its maximum effect.
Relacorilant has been designated an orphan drug in bothintended tumor-killing effect, while relacorilant treats the United States and the European Union for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we hold U.S. and international patents covering relacorilant’s composition of matter and U.S. patents covering its use to treat patients with pancreatic and ovarian cancer.Cushing’s syndrome caused by excess cortisol activity.
Cortisol ModulatorsExicorilant and Relacorilant in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (“CRPC”). Because androgens stimulate prostate tumor growth, androgen deprivation is the standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Tumors often escape androgen deprivation therapy through cortisol’s stimulation of GR. Combining a cortisol modulator with an androgen modulator may block this escape route. We are conducting an open label, dose-finding trial of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulator exicorilant in combination with Xtandienzalutamide in patients with metastatic CRPC. InvestigatorsIn addition, investigators at the University of Chicago are conducting a dose-finding trial of relacorilant combined with Xtandienzalutamide in the same patient population. We are providing relacorilant.
We hold U.S. and international patents covering exicorilant’s composition of matter and U.S. patents covering its use to treat prostate cancer. We have also exclusively licensed from the University of Chicago U.S. patentsrelacorilant for the use of cortisol modulators to treat prostate cancer (including, specifically, CRPC) and triple-negative breast cancer.this trial.
Metabolic Diseases
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Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain.Gain (“AIWG”). Extensive pre-clinical and clinical data suggest thatWe are studying our propriety, selective cortisol modulator miricorilant can prevent weight gain and other metabolic side-effects caused byas a potential treatment for AIWG. In the United States, six million people take antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine and risperidone. risperidone to treat illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. While these drugs are very effective, they exact a steep price in the form of rapid and sustained weight gain, cardiovascular disease and other metabolic disturbances. Patients can gain 4.0-4.5 kg of weight in the first 10 weeks while they take these medications. These patients have a 10- to 25-year reduction in life expectancy, due in large part to increased cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes.
In our2020, we completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1b trial, 98in which 96 healthy subjects received daily doses of the antipsychotic medication olanzapine (10 mg) and either miricorilant (600 mg or 900 mg) or placebo for 14 days. Study participants who received miricorilant gained less weight than subjects receiving placebo. In addition, markers of liver damage that rise temporarily at the start of olanzapine therapy increased less sharply in subjects receiving miricorilant, suggesting that miricorilant may have protective effectsmiricorilant. These results were consistent with the findings of similar studies we conducted in the liver.healthy volunteers using mifepristone (published in Advances in Therapy and Obesity in 2009 and 2010).
WeBased on these positive results, as well as compelling pre-clinical data, we are conducting atwo double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (“GRATITUDE”)trials of miricorilant in the reversal of recent antipsychotic-induced weight gain. – GRATITUDE and GRATITUDE II.
GRATITUDE is expectedevaluating the ability of a daily dose of miricorilant (600 mg) to enrollreverse recent AIWG, with a planned enrollment of 100 patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder at 2030 sites in the United States. Study participants will receive their established antipsychotic medication and will haveplus either miricorilant or
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placebo added to their regimen for 12 weeks. The trial’s primary endpoint
GRATITUDE II is reduction in weight. We are also conducting a double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial (“GRATITUDE II”)evaluating the ability of miricorilant to reverse long-standing AIWG in obese150 patients with schizophrenia and long-standingantipsychotic-induced weight gain. GRATITUDE II will be conducted at 35 centers in the United States. Study participants receive their established antipsychotic medication plus either miricorilant (600 mg or 900 mg daily) or placebo for 26 weeks. The trial’s primary endpoint in both the GRATITUDE and GRATITUDE II trials is reductionthe change in body weight.weight from baseline, relative to placebo.
Liver Disease. Miricorilant is potent in animal models of fatty liver and liver fibrosis. We plan to conduct a double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 trial evaluatingare also studying miricorilant as a potential treatment for NASH.nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In April 2021, we suspended our Phase 2a trial after observing elevated liver enzymes in four of the first five patients who received miricorilant for four weeks. Our investigation made two notable findings. First, the elevations in ALT and AST resolved after miricorilant was withdrawn. Second, the patients with elevated liver enzymes exhibited large, rapid reductions in liver fat. We are initiating a dose-finding trial with the goal of capturing this benefit safely.
Continued Discovery and Development
We are conducting a Phase 1 trial of our proprietary,Our selective cortisol modulator CORT113176, which has shown promise in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (or “ALS”(“ALS”). has completed its Phase 1 trial. We plan to advance it to Phase 2 as a potential treatment for that disease. In addition, we continue identifyingto identify selective cortisol modulators and advancingplan to advance the most promising of them towards the clinic.
COVID-19 Pandemic
Due toMuch of the COVID-19 pandemic, residents areworld is subject to varying degrees of pandemic-related public health orders restricting their activities inrestrictions, including California, where our headquarterswe are located,headquartered, and in the states where most of ourwe sell Korlym and where we conduct clinical specialists and medical science liaisons live. We are exempt from some quarantine requirements in some jurisdictions because pharmaceutical companies are often deemed “essential businesses” with wider freedom to operate. Nonetheless, to protect the public health and the health of our employees, we are conducting a significant portion of our business by means of video and teleconferences and e-mail.trials. Most of our third-party manufacturers, distributors (including the specialty pharmacy that dispenses Korlym), information technology service providers, law and accounting firms, clinical research organizations and others are also subject to pandemic-related restrictions. The response of physicians, medical institutions and
These restrictions, as well as measures voluntarily undertaken by patients, to the pandemic varies widely from state-to-state and within states, and tends to become more or less stringent as the number of locally-reported cases of COVID-19 rise and fall.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our 2020 revenue and expenses is uncertain. Many physicians, hospitals and medical clinics have taken steps to reduce the risk of coronavirus infection, in their practices, including temporarily suspending office visits by pharmaceutical company representatives, which have reduced the effectiveness of our salesrevenue and marketing efforts. When educating physicians about Cushing’s syndrome and Korlym’s potentialmake it difficult to benefit their patients, close contact withgrow our clinical specialists is important, especially with physicians who are new to the medication. To maintain physician engagement, we have implemented a program of teleconference and video meetings, which are useful, but not as effective as meeting in-person. In addition, manyKorlym business. Many physicians have reducedsought to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection by reducing the frequency of patient office visits which, together with pandemic-related closuresand barring office visits by third parties, including our clinical specialists and medical science liaisons. In addition, many patients have been reluctant to leave the safety of laboratory facilitiestheir homes and have postponed visits to their physicians or the clinical laboratories or imaging centers and the reluctance of some patients to leave their homes, make diagnosing and optimally treating patients with Cushing’s syndrome more difficult. All of these factors will makethat are essential for optimal care. These changes have made it more difficult for usphysicians to increase the number ofidentify patients who receive Korlym, even though there remain many patients who couldmay benefit from the medicationKorlym, begin their treatment, titrate to an optimum dose and who have not yet received it.maintain their patients’ regimens, which has reduced our revenue.
The pandemic’s impact on the pace of our clinical development programs is difficult to estimate. Somehas been variable. Our trials of ourindications not considered immediately life-threatening, such as Cushing’s syndrome, CRPC and AIWG have experienced slower enrollment. In addition, some clinical sites have stopped enrolling new patients or have reduced the frequency with which physicians see study participants. Some sites have suspended or halted the initiation of new clinical trials. At others, new patient enrollment and new study initiations continue, but at a slower pace. These changes will lengthen the time it takes us to complete our development programs, although the magnitude of pandemic-related impacts depends on the indication being studied. Trials in patients with immediately life-threatening diseases, such as advanced cancers, have experienced fewer disruptionspancreatic and ovarian cancer, did not encounter delays.
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We expect that pandemic-related impediments to our business will continue so long as there are COVID-19 outbreaks and spikes in the locations in which we do business and conduct our clinical trials.
Please see the risk factor under Item 1A of this Quarterly Report, “The COVID-19 pandemic or otherhas adversely affected and is continuing to adversely affect our business. Other public health emergencies, natural disasters, terrorism or other catastrophes could disrupt our activities and render our own or our vendors’ facilities and equipment inoperable or inaccessible and require us to curtail or cease operations.”
Results of Operations
Net Product Revenue Net product revenue is gross product revenue from sales to our customers less deductions for estimated government rebates and chargebacks.
Net product revenue was $86.3$91.6 million and $268.1$171.0 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively, compared to $81.5$88.6 million and $218.6$181.8 million for the comparable periods in 2019, respectively. An2020. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase in the average price of Korlym accounted for approximately all of the increase in net product revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the decrease in net product revenue forwas due to lower sales volume, partially offset by an increase in the average price of Korlym. The decrease in tablet shipments was primarily due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business in the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 60.8 percent of theMarch 31, 2021.
We took a price increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, with the remainder of the increase due to increasedon Korlym shipments. Korlym’s average price increased due to (i) price increases taken on Augusteffective March 1, 2019 and January 1, 2020, (ii) a decrease in the percentage of patients taking Korlym who are covered by Medicaid (which reimburses for Korlym at a
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lower rate than private insurers and other government programs) and (iii) statutorily-mandated increases in the price paid by certain government programs.2021.
Cost of sales Cost of sales includes the cost of API, tableting, packaging, personnel, overhead, stability testing and distribution.
Cost of sales was $1.2$1.4 million and $4.3$2.7 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively, as compared to $1.5$1.2 million and $4.1$3.1 million for the comparable periods in 2019.2020. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue was 1.41.5 percent and 1.6 percent for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively, compared to 1.81.4 percent and 1.91.7 percent for the comparable periods in 2019. Cost2020. The decrease in cost of sales as a percentage of revenue declinedfor the six months ended June 30, 2021 was due to an increase in the average price of Korlym as well as a decrease in it's cost of manufacture.reduced manufacturing costs.
Research and development expenses – Research and development expenses include the cost of (1) clinical trials, (2) recruiting and compensating development personnel, (2) clinical trials, (3) drug product and preclinical studies in support of clinical trials and regulatory submissions, (4) discovery research and (5) the development of drug formulations and manufacturing processes and (5) discovery research.processes.
Research and development expenses increased to $33.9expense was $28.2 million and $57.3 million for the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 from $22.82021, respectively, compared to $26.5 million and $52.6 million for the comparable period in 2019 and increased to $86.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $64.7 million for the comparable period in 2019.2020. The increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to increased spending on the advancement of our oncologyCushing’s syndrome and endocrinology developmentpre-clinical programs and on the recruitment and compensation of development personnel.personnel, partially offset by decreased spending on our oncology program primarily due to timing of patient enrollments in our clinical trials.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021
2020(1)
2021
2020(1)
(in thousands)
Development programs:  
Oncology$2,069 $9,083 $8,028 $18,337 
Cushing’s syndrome8,480 4,303 16,114 10,065 
Metabolic diseases5,169 5,298 11,120 9,695 
Pre-clinical and clinical selective cortisol modulators6,261 3,129 10,357 5,574 
Unallocated activities, including manufacturing and regulatory activities2,428 1,890 4,305 3,550 
Stock-based compensation3,825 2,794 7,330 5,399 
Total research and development expense$28,232 $26,497 $57,254 $52,620 
(1) Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 previously allocated to Oncology and Endocrinology were re-allocated between their respective Cushing's syndrome, Metabolic diseases and pre-clinical development programs.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Development programs:  
Oncology$9,048 $4,270 $27,336 $14,392 
Endocrinology14,351 10,158 34,932 25,730 
Pre-clinical and early phase clinical activities1
4,651 3,077 7,494 9,106 
Unallocated activities, including manufacturing and regulatory activities1,780 2,950 7,289 8,643 
Stock-based compensation4,039 2,350 9,438 6,834 
Total research and development expense$33,869 $22,805 $86,489 $64,705 
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1A portion of expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 relating to pre-clinical and early phase clinical activities was allocated between their respective development programs.
It is difficult to predict the timing and cost of development activities, which are subject to many uncertainties and risks, including trial delays and other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, inconclusive or negative results, slow patient enrollment, adverse side effects and difficulties in the formulation or manufacture of study drugs and the lack of drug-candidate efficacy. In addition, clinical development is subject to intensive government oversight and regulations that may change unpredictably and without notice. OurWe expect our research and development expense in 2020 will2021 to be higher than it was in 20192020 as our clinical programs advance. Research and development spending in future years will depend on the outcome of our pre-clinical and clinical trials and our development plans.
Selling, general and administrative expenses - Selling, general and administrative expenses include (1) compensation of employees, consultants and contractors engaged in commercial and administrative activities, (2) legal and accounting fees and (3) the cost of vendors supporting commercial activities.activities and (3) legal and accounting fees.
Selling, general and administrative expensesexpense was $30.0 million and $59.5 million for the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 increased2021, respectively, compared to $26.5$25.6 million from $24.2and $53.1 million for the comparable periodperiods in 2019 and increased to $79.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $73.2 million for the comparable period in 2019.2020. The increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to increases inincreased employee recruitingcompensation and compensation expenses, increased legal costs, volume-related pharmacysales and other distribution costs and professional service fees.marketing expenses.
OurWe expect our selling, general and administrative expenses willin 2021 to be higher in 2020 than in 2019,2020 due to increased commercial and administrative activities arising from anticipated increased sales volumes, litigation and administrative support for increased research and development
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activity. Selling, general and administrative activities in future years will depend on the cost and extent of our commercial activities, the scope of our research and development programs and the progress and magnitude of our litigation.development. 
Interest and other income - Interest and other income was $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 decreased2021, respectively, compared to $0.6$1.0 million from $1.3and $2.5 million for the comparable periodperiods in 2019. Interest2020. The decreases in interest and other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased to $3.1 million from $3.6 million for the comparable period in 2019. These decreases were primarily due to market-widemarket wide reductions in interest rates.
Income tax expense - IncomeWe recorded an income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $3.7of $5.5 million and $20.8 million, respectively, compared to $8.0 million and $15.4$2.0 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, respectively. The increases in2021, respectively, compared to income tax expense wereof $7.9 million and $17.1 million for the comparable periods in 2020. The decrease is primarily duerelated to decreased discretelower profit before tax as well as increased excess tax benefits fromfor stock option exercises of non-qualified stock options duringrecorded in the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, as compared to the comparablecorresponding periods in 2019.2020.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since 2015, we have relied on revenuerevenues from the sale of Korlym to fund our operations.
Based on our current plans and expectations, which include fully funding our commercial operations, advancing our proprietary cortisol modulators in Cushing’s syndrome, certain solid tumors, antipsychotic-induced weight gain and NASH, we expect to fund our operations and planned research and development activities without needing to raise additional funds, although we may choose to raise additional funds for other reasons. If we were to raise funds, equity financing would be dilutive. Debtdilutive, debt financing could involve restrictive covenants. Fundscovenants and funds raised through collaborations with other companies may require us to relinquish certain rights in our product candidates.
At SeptemberAs of June 30, 2020,2021, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of approximately $444.2$471.6 million, consisting of cash and cash equivalents of $30.6$95.4 million and marketable securities of $413.7$376.2 million, compared to cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $476.9 million, consisting of cash and cash equivalents of $31.3$76.2 million and marketable securities of $284.0$400.7 million atas of December 31, 2019.2020.
The cash in our bank accounts and our marketable securities could be affected if the financial institutions holding them were to fail or severely adverse conditions were to arise in the markets for public or private debt securities. We have never experienced a loss or lack of access to cash.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $69.8 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 was $116.9 million,2021, compared to $87.7$86.5 million for the comparable period in 2019.2020. This increasedecrease was primarily due to greaterlower revenue as we shipped Korlyma result of a decrease in sales volume.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $21.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to more patients.
Netnet cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $130.5 million, compared to $55.8of $66.2 million for the comparable period in 2019. This increase2020. The change in net cash from investing activities was primarily due to increased purchasesallocation of marketable securities with cash generated by our operating activities.activities towards share repurchases instead of marketable securities.
Net cash provided by financing activities forIn the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020 was $12.92021, we spent $80.8 million comparedacquiring shares of our common stock ($62.7 million pursuant to our Stock Repurchase Program and $18.1 million in connection with the net exercise of employee and director stock options), offset by $8.8 million received from the exercise of stock options, resulting in net cash used in financing activities of $28.5 million for$72.0 million. In the comparable period in 2019. Stock option exercises provided $13.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $6.6 million in the comparable period in 2019. In the first quarter of 2020, we purchasedspent $0.3 million to acquire from our Chief Executive Officer $0.3 millionshares of our common stock at the currentthen-current market price to provide him with liquidity to satisfy the tax liability arising from his net (cashless) exercise in 2019 of stock options that were about to expire.expire, offset by $7.3 million received from the exercise of stock options, resulting in net cash provided by financing activities of $7.0 million.
In the nine months ended September
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As of June 30, 2019, we repurchased an aggregate of $31.0 million of our common stock in accordance with our now-terminated stock repurchase program and paid an additional $4.2 million to satisfy statutory withholding requirements for the net settlement of a cashless option exercise in March 2019.
At September 30, 2020,2021, we had retained earnings of $56.5$132.4 million.
Contractual Obligations and Purchase Commitments
Our contractual payment obligations and purchase commitments as of December 31, 2019 are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Other than the addition of a commitment to purchase $5.9 million of API from PCAS, our2020. Our payment obligations and purchase commitments havedid not changedchange materially during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021. See Note 54 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding our purchase commitments.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We have prepared ourOur condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates regarding ourand judgments that affect the amount of assets, liabilities and expenses.expenses we report. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions we believe to be reasonable. Actual results may differ iffrom our assumptions are incorrect or the conditions in which we do business change in ways we did not anticipate.estimates. Our criticalsignificant accounting policies and estimates are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.2020. There were no changes that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.critical accounting policies and estimates.
ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our market risks as of SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased volatility in the equity markets, the2020. The market risks associated with our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, which consistsconsist entirely of debt instruments with original maturities of less than 1824 months, havedid not changedchange materially during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. OurAs of June 30, 2021, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluatedof the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined underin Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) ofunder the Securities Exchange Act as of September 30, 2020.1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based onupon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide a reasonable level of assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was (i)the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’sSEC rules and (ii)forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the officers who certify our financial reports and to the members of the Company’s senior management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, soboard of directors as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provideat the reasonable not absolute, assurance that our disclosures are accurate and timely.level.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting. During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we completed the implementation of an enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system, which we expect will improve the efficiency of certain financial and related transactional processes. We have changed our internal controls so that they continue to operate effectively following the ERP implementation. Our Chief Financial Officer and other members of management have evaluated the changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and concluded that there was no change during the quarter that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Teva ANDA Litigation.
In February 2018, we received a Paragraph IV Notice Letter advising that Teva had submitted an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) to the FDA seeking authorization to manufacture, use or sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States prior to the expiration of certain of our patents related to Korlym - U.S. Patent No. 8,921,348 (the “’348 patent”) and U.S. Patent No. 9,829,495 (the “’495 patent”) - whichthat are listed in the Orange Book.FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (the “Orange Book”). Teva’s February 5, 2018 Notice Letter allegesalleged that the ’348 patent, with an expiration date in August 2028, and the ’495 patent, with an expiration date in August 2036, willour patents would not be infringed by Teva’s proposed product, arewere invalid and/or arewere unenforceable. On March 15, 2018, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against Teva for infringement of theseour patents. On October 12, 2018, Teva received tentative approval from the FDA for its ANDA. In accordance with the Hatch-Waxman Act, however, as a result of filing a timely lawsuit against Teva, FDA final approval of Teva’s ANDA was stayed for 30 months, until August 1, 2020.
On July 6, 2018, we filed an amended complaint against Teva, asserting infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,943,526 (the “’526 patent”). Onand on February 8, 2019, we filed a secondseparate lawsuit against Teva, asserting infringement of several patents, including U.S. Patent Nos. 10,166,242 (the “ʼ242 patent”), 10,166,243 (the “ʼ243 patent”) andNo. 10,195,214 (the “ʼʼ214 patent”). On December 13, 2019, we filed a third lawsuit against Teva, asserting infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 10,500,216 (“the ʼ216(the “ʼ216 patent”). The District Court consolidated our lawsuits against Teva into a single action and set a trial date of February 2, 2021. On September 24, 2020, the Court vacated the February 2, 2021 trial date and ordered the parties to complete trial preparations by March 17, 2021.date. A new trial date has not been set.
No new 30-month stay resulted from the filing of the amended complaint or new lawsuits. Our current, consolidated, lawsuit against Teva asserts the ‘214 patent and the ‘216 patent. The parties have completed briefing cross-motions for summary judgment regarding infringement of the ’214 patent.There is no timetable as to when the Court will rule on these motions and there are currently no further calendared dates for the litigation.
On May 7, 2019, Teva submitted to the PTAB a petition for post-grant review (“PGR”) of the ’214 patent, which we opposed. On November 20, 2019, the PTAB granted Teva’s petition. The PTAB heard oral argument in the PGR on September 2, 2020. A PTAB decision is expected on or aboutOn November 19, 2020, subject to appealthe PTAB issued a decision upholding the validity of the ’214 patent against all of Teva’s claims. On March 12, 2021, Teva appealed its loss to the United StatesFederal Circuit Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.Appeals. We expect oral argument to be held late this year or next year.
We will vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights relating to Korlym but cannot predict the outcome of these matters.
Sun ANDA Litigation
On June 10, 2019, we received a Paragraph IV Notice Letter advising that Sun had submitted an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”)ANDA to the FDA seeking authorization to manufacture, use or sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States prior to the expiration of certain of our patents related to Korlym listed in the Orange Book (the “Korlym Patents”).
The Notice Letter alleges that the Korlym Patents will not be infringed by Sun Ltd.’s proposed product, are invalid and/or are unenforceable. On July 22, 2019, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against Sun Pharma Global FZE (“Sun FZE”), Sun Pharma Global Inc. (“Sun Pharma”), Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. (“Sun Inc.”), and Sun Ltd. (collectively, “Sun”) for infringement of the ’348, ’214, and ’495 patents. On January 23, 2020, we filed an amended complaint against Sun asserting infringement of the ’216 patent.
On June 9, 2021, we entered into an agreement with Sun has denied our allegations.resolving this litigation. Pursuant to the agreement, we have granted Sun the right to sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States beginning October 1, 2034 or earlier under circumstances customary for settlement agreements of this type. As required by law, we and Sun have submitted the settlement agreement to the United States Federal Trade Commission and the United States Department of Justice for review.
In accordance with the Hatch-Waxman Act, asHikma Paragraph IV Notice Letter
On February 1, 2021, we received a result of filing a timely lawsuit against Sun, FDA approval of Sun Ltd.’s ANDA will be stayed until the earlier of (i) 30 months from our June 10, 2019 receipt of Sun Ltd.’s Paragraph IV Notice Letter advising that Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. (“Hikma”) had submitted an ANDA to the FDA seeking authorization to manufacture, use or (ii)sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States.
The Notice Letter contains Paragraph IV certifications against certain of our patents related to Korlym, specifically U.S. Patent Nos. ’348, ’495, 10,006,924 (the “ʼ924 patent”), ’526, 10,151,763 (the “ʼ763 patent”), ’242, ’243, ’214, 10,231,983 (the “ʼ983 patent”), 10,314,850 (the “ʼ850 patent”), 10,495,650 (the “ʼ650 patent”), ʼ216, 10,660,904 (the “ʼ904 patent”), 10,780,097 (the “ʼ097 patent”), 10,842,800 (the “ʼ800 patent”), and 10,842,801 (the “ʼ801 patent”) (collectively, the “Korlym Patents”),
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which are listed in the Orange Book. The Notice Letter alleges that the Korlym Patents will not be infringed by Hikma’s proposed product, are invalid and/or are unenforceable.
On March 12, 2021, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court decision finding thatfor the ’348,District of New Jersey against Hikma for infringement of the ’214, ʼ216, ʼ800 and ’495 patents are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed.ʼ801 patents. The 30-month stay of FDA approval of Hikma’s ANDA expires on August 1, 2023. Hikma responded to our complaint on May 17, 2021, denying our claims. On July 13, 2021, the Court entered a schedule for the case setting a fact discovery deadline of July 1, 2022.
We willintend to vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights relating to Korlym but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
Other matters
On March 14, 2019, a purported securities class action complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by Nicholas Melucci (Melucci v. Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, et al., Case No. 5:19-cv-01372-LHK) (the “Melucci litigation”). The complaint named us and certain of our executive officers as defendants asserting violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and alleges that the defendants made false and materially misleading statements and failed to disclose adverse facts about our business, operations, and prospects. The complaint asserts a putative class period stemmingextending from August 2, 2017 to February 5, 2019 and seeks unspecified monetary relief, interest and
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attorneys’ fees. On October 7, 2019, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel. The lead plaintiff’s consolidated complaint was filed on December 6, 2019.
We moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint on January 27, 2020. Rather than oppose our motion to dismiss, on March 20, 2020, the lead plaintiff withdrew its consolidated complaint and filed a second amended complaint. On May 11, 2020, we moved to dismiss the second amended complaint. We received plaintiff’sOn November 20, 2020, the Court granted our motion to dismiss, while granting plaintiff leave to file a third amended complaint, which plaintiff did on December 21, 2020. On February 19, 2021, we moved to dismiss this third amended complaint. Plaintiff filed its opposition to our motion on June 25, 2020April 20, 2021 and we filed our reply on July 27, 2020. Oral argument of our motionJune 4, 2021. There is no timetable as to dismiss was set for October 8, 2020, butwhen the Court cancelled oral argument and will decide the matter basedrule on the briefs already submitted by the parties. The Court did not state when it expects to arrive at a decision.these motions.
We will respond vigorously to plaintiff’s claims but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
On September 30, 2019, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware by Lauren Williams, and captioned Lauren Williams v. G. Leonard Baker, et al., Civil Action No. 1:19-cv-01830. The complaint named our board of directors, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as defendants, and usthe Company as nominal defendant. The complaint alleges breach of fiduciary duty, violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, insider selling, misappropriation of insideinsider information and waste of corporate assets and seeks damages in an amount to be proved at trial. On October 23, 2019, this action was stayed pending a resolution of our motions to dismiss the Melucci litigation. On December 20, 2020, the case was further stayed pending a resolution of the Company’s forthcoming motion to dismiss the third amended complaint in the Melucci litigation.
We will respond to this complaint vigorously but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
On December 19, 2019, a second purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware by Jeweltex Pension Plan, and captioned Jeweltex Pension Plan v. James N. Wilson, et al., Civil Action No. 1:19-cv-02308. The complaint named our board of directors, including our Chief Executive Officer as well as ourand Chief Financial Officer as defendants, and Corcept Therapeutics Incorporatedthe Company as nominal defendant. The complaint seeks to allegealleges causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, violation of Sectionsection 14(a) of the Exchange Act, waste of corporate assets, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting, and gross mismanagement. The complaint seeks damages in an amount of damages to be proved at trial. On April 6, 2020, this action was stayed pending a resolution of our motions to dismiss the Melucci litigation. On December 20, 2020, the case was further stayed pending a resolution of the Company’s forthcoming motion to dismiss the third amended complaint in the Melucci litigation.
We will respond to this complaint vigorously but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
In the ordinary course of business we are involved, from time-to-time, in legal proceedings in addition to the matters described above, we are involved from time to time in other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business.above. Although the outcome of any pendingsuch matters and the amount, if any, of our ultimate liability with respect to them cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the ultimate outcome of such mattersthey will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial position.
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
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Investing in our common stock involves significant risks. Before investing, carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this quarterly report, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The risks and uncertainties described below are the ones we believe may materially affect us. Many of them have been or may become exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. There may be others of which we are unaware that could materially harm our business or financial condition and cause the price of our stock to decline, in which case you could lose all or part of your investment.
Summary of Principal Risks
The following bullet points summarize the principal risks we face, each of which could adversely affect our business, operations, and financial results. For clarity of presentation, we have arranged these risks by the part of our business they most directly affect – (i) commercial operations, (ii) research and development, (iii) capital need and financial results, (iv) intellectual property and (v) our stock price. A sixth group of “general risks” lists risks that affect our business as a whole.
Risks Related to our Commercial Activities
Failure to generate sufficient revenue from the sale of Korlym would harm our financial results and would likely cause our stock price to decline.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected and is continuing to adversely affect our business. Other public health emergencies, natural disasters, terrorism or other catastrophes could disrupt our activities and render our own or our vendors’ facilities and equipment inoperable or inaccessible and require us to curtail or cease operations.
If generic versions of Korlym are approved and successfully commercialized, our business, results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.
Other companies offer or are attempting to develop different medications to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. The availability of competing treatments could limit our revenue from Korlym.
If we cannot continue to obtain acceptable prices or adequate insurance coverage and reimbursement for Korlym, we will be unable to generate significant revenues.
We depend on vendors to manufacture Korlym’s active ingredient, form it into tablets, package it and dispense it to patients. We also depend on vendors to manufacture the API and capsules or tablets for our product candidates. If our suppliers become unable or unwilling to perform these functions and we cannot transfer these activities to replacement vendors in a timely manner, our business will be harmed.
Risks Related to our Research and Development Activities
Our efforts to discover, develop and commercialize our product candidates may not succeed. Clinical drug development is lengthy, expensive and often unsuccessful. Results of early studies and trials are often not predictive of later trial results. Failure can occur at any time.
The COVID-19 pandemic has lengthened the time it takes to initiate and advance our clinical development programs.
Vendors perform many of the activities necessary to carry out our clinical trials, including drug product distribution, trial management and oversight and data collection and analysis. Failure of these vendors to perform their duties or meet expected timelines may prevent or delay approval of our product candidates.
Our products and product candidates may cause undesirable side effects that halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or cause us significant liability.
Risks Related to our Capital Needs and Financial Results
We may need additional capital to fund our operations or for strategic reasons. Such capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property
To succeed, we must secure, maintain and effectively assert adequate patent protection for the composition and methods of use of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulators and for the use of Korlym to treat Cushing’s syndrome and other disorders.
Third parties may allege that our patents infringe their rights. Defending against such allegations may result in costly litigation and may require us to obtain a license or bar us from commercializing our product candidates or Korlym for a new indication.
Risks Related to Our Stock
The price of our common stock fluctuates widely and is likely to continue to do so. Opportunities for the sale of shares at any particular time may be limited.
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Our stock price may decline if our financial performance does not meet the guidance we have provided to the public, estimates published by research analysts or other investor expectations.
General Risks
We are subject to government regulation and other legal obligations relating to privacy and data protection. Compliance with these requirements is complex and costly. Failure to comply could materially harm our business.
We may be unable to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our product or product candidates.
We rely on information technology systems to conduct our business. A breakdown or breach of these systems or our failure to protect confidential information concerning our business, patients or employees could interrupt the operation of our business and subject us to liability.
Risk Factors - Discussion
The following section discusses the principal risks listed above, as well as other risks we believe to be material.
Risks Related to our Commercial Activities
Failure to generate sufficient revenue from the sale of Korlym would harm our financial results and would likely cause our stock price to decline.
Our ability to generate revenue and to fund our commercial operations and development programs is dependent on the sale of Korlym to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Physicians will prescribe Korlym only if they determine that it is preferable to other treatments, even if those treatments are not approved for Cushing’s syndrome. Because Cushing’s syndrome is rare, most physicians are inexperienced diagnosing or caring for patients with the illness and it can be hard to persuade them to identify appropriate patients and treat them with Korlym.
Many factors could limit our Korlym revenue, including:
the preference of some physicians for off-label treatments for Cushing’s syndrome, such as ketoconazole;syndrome;
competition from non-medical treatments, such as surgery and radiation;
natural disasters or other catastrophes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that reduce the ability or willingness of physicians to see patients or of patients to bear the risk of leaving their homes to seek medical care;
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the introduction of competing treatments, including a generic versionversions of Korlym; and
lack of availability of`of government or private insurance, which may be exacerbated if (i) the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down the Affordable Care Act, which greatly increased the number of Americans with health insurance or (ii) significant increases in unemployment cause patients to lose employer-provided private health insurance and either shift to Medicaid, which reimburses Korlym at a significantly lower price, or become uninsured, which would decrease our revenue and increase the burden on our financial assistance and free drug programs and on the independent charities we support; and
negative publicity and political concerns about Korlym’s active ingredient, mifepristone, which is approved in another drug for the termination of pregnancy.support.
Failure to generate sufficient Korlym revenue could prevent us from fully funding our planned commercial and clinical activities and would likely cause our stock price to decline.
The COVID-19 pandemic or otherhas adversely affected and is continuing to adversely affect our business. Other public health emergencies, natural disasters, terrorism or other catastrophes could disrupt our activities and render our own or our vendors’ facilities and equipment inoperable or inaccessible and require us to curtail or cease operations.
Since first being reported in December 2019, COVID-19, a serious and sometimes fatal illness, has spread globally, including to every statecountry in the world and throughout the United States. Many countries, including most states of the United States, have reacted by instituting quarantines, “lockdowns” and other public health restrictions on leisure activities, work and travel. In California, where our headquarters are located, and in the states where our clinical specialists and medical science liaisons live and work, residents arehave been subject to significant public health restrictions. Attempts by some states to lift these restrictions have led to a sharp increase in the number of new COVID-19 infections, which has in turn led to reimposition of restrictions in some states, as well as to voluntary reductions in public activities by residents concerned for their health. Although many of these orders designatejurisdictions consider pharmaceutical companies as “essential businesses” with wide freedom to operate, we have been managing our business with limited in-person activities, supplemented primarily by video conference, teleconference and email, because we believe the public good and the safety ofemail. Although some pandemic-related restrictions have recently been removed in certain geographies, including California, our employees requires it.business remains subject to pandemic-related controls, which may become more restrictive at any time. We rely on third-party manufacturers, distributors (including the specialty pharmacy that dispenses Korlym), information technology and software service providers, law and accounting firms, clinical research organizations and consultants who are subject to, or may become subject to, pandemic-related controls. If these third parties cannot perform the services we require in a timely way and we cannot successfully implement replacements or workarounds, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
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COVID-19 has made it more difficult to interact with physicians who treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Stepsgrow our commercial business. Many physicians have takensought to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection in their practices includeby reducing the frequency of patient office visits and barring office visits by third parties, including our clinical specialists and medical science liaisons. Pandemic-related closures of clinical laboratories and imaging centers, as well as the reluctance ofIn addition, many patients have been reluctant to leave the safety of their homes hasand have postponed visits to their physicians or testing at clinical laboratories or imaging centers. These changes have made it difficulthard for many physicians to identify patients who may benefit from Korlym, begin their treatment, titrate to an optimum dose and maintain their regimen.patients’ regimens, which has reduced our revenue. Despite the increased availability of vaccines, due to the evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are not able to accurately predict the duration or extent of these impacts on our business. If physicians do not prescribe Korlym to new patients or have difficulty increasing a patient’s Korlym dose to its optimal level, or if patients already receiving Korlym discontinue treatment, our revenue will be reduced.unlikely to grow and may decline further.
In addition, otherOther natural or man-made disasters could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Our headquarters are in the San Francisco Bay Area, which experiences earthquakes. Our specialty pharmacy, tablet manufacturers and warehouses are in areas subject to hurricanes and tornadoes. Political considerations relating to mifepristone put us and our manufacturers at increased risk of protests and disruptive events. If a disaster were to occur, we might not be able to operate our business. Our insurance, if available at all, would likely be insufficient to cover losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions.
If generic versions of Korlym are approved and successfully commercialized, our business, results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.
The marketing exclusivity provided by Korlym’s orphan drug designation expired in February 2019, which means other companies may now seek to introduce generic equivalents of Korlym for the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome, provided they receive FDA approval and can show that they would not infringe our applicable patents or that those patents are invalid or unenforceable. If our patents are successfully challenged and a generic version of Korlym becomes available, our sales of Korlym tablets and their price could decline rapidly and significantly, which would reduce our revenue and materially harm our results of operations and financial position. Competition from a generic version of Korlym may also cause our revenue to be materially less than the public guidance we have provided, which would likely cause the price of our common stock to decline.
We have sued Teva and SunHikma in Federal District Court with respect to their proposed generic versions of Korlym. In addition,November 2020, the PTAB ruled against Teva has challenged the validity ofin a challenge Teva had brought to one of our patentspatents. Teva has appealed its loss to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals. We had also sued Sun with respect to its proposed generic version of Korlym, although we settled that lawsuit in a proceeding beforeJune 2021. The terms of the Patent Trialsettlement are subject to customary review by the Federal Trade Commission and Appeals Board.Department of Justice. Legal action
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to enforce or defend intellectual property rights is complex, costly and involves significant commitments of management time. There can be no assurance of a successful outcome. Please see “Part II,I, Item 1,3, Legal Proceedings.” Furthermore, the 30-month stay provided by the Hatch-Waxman Act expired on August 2, 2020, which meansBecause Teva now has finalreceived FDA approval, from the FDA to market its generic version of Korlym andTeva may choose to do sobegin marketing its generic product at any time, notwithstanding anyour ongoing litigation or administrative disputes with us. Evenlitigation. We would seek a court order stopping such a course of action, but even if we were to prevail in our legal actions and Teva withdraws(Teva were to withdraw its product and pays us damages,damages), the temporary availability of a generic version of Korlym wouldmight materially harm our results of operations and financial condition.
It is likely that other companies will seek FDA approval to market a generic version of Korlym. While we will vigorously protect our intellectual property, there can be no assurance our efforts will be successful.
Other companies offer or are attempting to develop different medications to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. The availability of competing treatments could limit our revenue from Korlym.
Since 2012, a medication owned by the Italian pharmaceutical company Recordati S.p.A.Recordati-S.p.A., the somatostatin analogue Signifor®Signifor® (pasireotide) Injection, has been marketed in both the United States and the EU for adult patients with Cushing’s disease (a subset of Cushing’s syndrome). On March 6, 2020, the FDA granted Recordati approval to market another cortisol synthesis inhibitor, Isturisa® (osilodrostat) tablets, to treat patients with Cushing’s disease. Osilodrostat is approved in the EU for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Osilodrostat has been designated an orphan drug in both the EU and the United States.
Strongbridge Biopharma plc (“Strongbridge”) has received orphan drug designation in the United States and the EU for the use of the cortisol synthesis inhibitor levoketoconazole to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Levoketoconazole is an enantiomer of the generic anti-fungal medication, ketoconazole, that is prescribed off-label to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Strongbridge has completed two Phase 3 trials, which met their primary endpoints of reducing cortisol synthesis, and expects to submitsubmitted a new drug application (“NDA”) to the FDA inon March 2, 2021.
Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc, is conducting a Phase 1 trial of CRN04894, an oral adrenocorticotrophic hormone antagonist, for the first quartertreatment of 2021.Cushing’s disease.
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If we cannot continue to obtain acceptable prices or adequate insurance coverage and reimbursement for Korlym, we will be unable to generate significant revenues.
The commercial success of Korlym depends on the availability of adequate insurance coverage and reimbursement. Government payers, including Medicare, Medicaid and the Veterans Administration, as well as private insurers and health maintenance organizations, are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting reimbursement for medicines. If government or private payers cease to provide adequate and timely coverage and reimbursement for Korlym, physicians may not prescribe the medication and patients may not purchase it, even if it is prescribed. In addition, delays in coverage for individual patients may reduce our revenues.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global economic contraction that may last a long time. Significant increases in unemployment stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic may cause some patients to lose their employer-sponsored insurance which pays significantly more for Korlym than do state Medicaid plans, and may increase patienttheir reliance on Medicaid (which pays significantly less for Korlym) and on our financial assistance and free drug programs and on the independent charities we support. In addition, thereThere may also be delays in coverage as patients secure authorization for Korlym treatment from a new insurer.insurers. If the pandemic causes any of these effects, our revenue would decline and our charitable donation expense would increase.
In many foreign markets, drug prices and the profitability of prescription medications are subject to government control. In the United States, we expect that there will continue to be federal and state proposals for similar controls. Also, the trends toward managed health care in the United States and recent laws and legislation intended to increase the public visibility of drug prices and reduce the cost of government and private insurance programs could significantly influence the purchase of health care services and products and may result in lower prices for Korlym.
In the United States, there have been and continue to be a number of legislative initiatives to contain healthcare costs. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, (“PPACA”),or ACA, which was passed in 2010, substantially changed the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers. The PPACA,ACA, among other things, expanded Medicaid program eligibility and access to commercial health insurance coverage, increased the minimum Medicaid rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and extended the rebate program to individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations, established annual fees and taxes on manufacturers of certain branded prescription drugs, and promoted a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program. The PPACAACA also appropriated funding to comparative clinical effectiveness research, although it remains unclear how the research will affect Medicare coverage and reimbursement or how new information will influence other third-party payer policies.
Since its enactment, there have been judicial, executive and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the PPACA, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments toACA. On June 17, 2021, the PPACA in the future. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts (the “Tax Act”) was enacted, which, among other things, removed penalties for not complying with the individual mandate to carry health insurance. On December 14, 2018, a U.S. District Court Judge in the Northern District of Texas, ruled that the individual
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mandate is a critical and inseverable feature of the PPACA, and therefore, because it was repealed as part of the Tax Act, the remaining provisions of the PPACA are invalid as well. On December 18, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit upheld the district court’s decision that the individual mandate was unconstitutional but remanded the case back to the District Court to determine whether the remaining provisions of the Affordable Care Act are invalid as well. On March 2, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court granteddismissed the petitionsmost recent judicial challenge to the ACA brought by several states without specifically ruling on the constitutionality of the ACA. Prior to the Supreme Court’s decision, President Biden issued an executive order initiating a special enrollment period from February 15, 2021 through August 15, 2021 for writspurposes of certiorariobtaining health insurance coverage through the ACA marketplace.The executive order also instructed certain governmental agencies to review the case, although itand reconsider their existing policies and rules that limit access to healthcare. It is unclear when a decision will be madehow healthcare reform measures enacted by Congress or how these decisions, subsequent appeals,implemented by the Biden administration or other efforts, if any, and the Supreme Court will rule. In addition, there may be other efforts to challenge, replace or repeal the PPACA thatACA may affect the law or our business. Any new limitations on, changes to, or uncertainty with respect to the ability of individuals to enroll in governmental reimbursement programs or other third-party payer insurance plans could reduce Korlym sales, which in turn could affect our ability to successfully develop and commercialize new products.
Other legislative and regulatory changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the PPACAACA was enacted. These changes included an aggregate reduction in Medicare payments to providers of 2 percent per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and will remain in effect through 2030, with the exception of a temporary suspension from May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020,2021, unless additional Congressional action is taken. In addition, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, imaging centers and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. In March 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was also signed into law, which, among other things, eliminated the statutory cap on drug manufacturers’ Medicaid Drug Rebate Program rebate liability, effective January 1, 2024. Under current law enacted as part of the ACA, drug manufacturers’ Medicaid Drug Rebate Program rebate liability is capped at 100% of the average manufacturer price for a covered outpatient drug. Moreover, the federal government and the individual states in the United States have become increasingly active in developing proposals, passing legislation and implementing regulations designed to control drug pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, formulary flexibility, marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures.
These new laws and the regulations and policies implementing them, as well as other healthcare-related measures that may be adopted in the future, could materially reduce our Korlym revenues and our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates.
The unfavorable public perception of mifepristone may limit our ability to sell Korlym.
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The active ingredient in Korlym, mifepristone, is approved by the FDA in another drug for the termination of early pregnancy. As a result, mifepristone is the subject of considerable debate in the United States and elsewhere. Public perception of mifepristone may limit the acceptance of Korlym by patients and physicians. Even though we have taken measures to minimize the chance that Korlym will accidentally be prescribed to a pregnant woman, physicians may choose not to prescribe Korlym to a woman simply to avoid the risk of terminating a pregnancy.
We depend on vendors to manufacture Korlym’s active ingredient, form it into tablets, package it and dispense it to patients. We also depend on vendors to manufacture the API and capsules or tablets for our product candidates. If our suppliers become unable or unwilling to perform these functions and we cannot transfer these activities to replacement vendors in a timely manner, our business will be harmed.
A single third-party manufacturer, PCAS, supplies the API in Korlym. Two other third-party manufacturers produce and bottle Korlym tablets. Our agreement with PCAS automatically renews for two one-year terms, unless either party provides 12-months’ written notice of its intent not to renew. A single specialty pharmacy, Optime Care, Inc. (“Optime”), dispenses Korlym directly to patients and collects payments from insurers representing approximately 99 percent of our revenue. If Optime does not adhere to its agreements with payers, it may not be able to collect some or all of the payments due to us. Our agreement with Optime has a five-year term and renews upon the written consent of both parties, subject to customary termination provisions, including the right of Optime to terminate in the event of a material breach by us that we do not cure in a reasonable period of time after receiving written notice. In addition, we may terminate the agreement for convenience. In the event any of these vendors fails to perform its contractual obligations to us or is materially impaired in its performance by the COVID-19 pandemic or for any other reason, we may experience disruptions and delays in our supply chain and our ability to deliver Korlym to patients, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position.
The facilities used by our vendors to manufacture and package the API and drug product for Korlym and our product candidates must be approved by the FDA and, in some cases, the EuropeanEMA or the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“EMA”MHRA”). We do not control the activities of these vendors, including whether they maintain adequate quality control and hire qualified personnel. We are dependent on them for compliance with the regulatory requirements known as current good manufacturing practices (“cGMPs”). If our vendors cannot manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the strict requirements of the FDA or others, they will not be able to maintain regulatory authorizations for their facilities and we could be prohibited from using the API or drug product they have provided. If the FDA, EMA, MHRA or other regulatory authorities withdraw regulatory authorizations of these facilities, we may need to find alternative vendors or facilities, which would be time-consuming, complex and expensive and could significantly hamper our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for and market our products. Sanctions could be imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, refusal of regulators to approve our product candidates, delays,
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suspensions or withdrawals of approvals, seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could harm our business.
The unfavorable public perception of mifepristone may limit our ability to sell Korlym.
The active ingredient in Korlym, mifepristone, is approved by the FDA in another drug for the termination of early pregnancy. As a result, mifepristone is the subject of considerable debate in the United States and elsewhere. Public perception of mifepristone may limit the acceptance of Korlym by patients and physicians. Even though we have taken measures to minimize the chance that Korlym will accidentally be prescribed to a pregnant woman, physicians may choose not to prescribe Korlym to a woman simply to avoid the risk of terminating a pregnancy.
We may not have adequate insurance to cover our exposure to product liability claims.
We may be subject to product liability or other claims based on allegations that Korlym or one of our product candidates has harmed a patient. Such a claim may damage our reputation by raising questions about Korlym or our product candidates’ safety and could prevent or interfere with product development or commercialization. Less common adverse effects of a pharmaceutical product are sometimes not known until long after the product is approved for marketing. Because the active ingredient in Korlym is used to terminate pregnancy, clinicians using Korlym in clinical trials and physicians prescribing the medicine to women must take strict precautions to ensure that it is not administered to pregnant women. Failure to observe these precautions could result in significant product liability claims.
Our insurance may not fully cover our potential product liabilities. Inability to obtain adequate insurance coverage could inhibit development of our product candidates or result in significant uninsured liability. Defending a lawsuit could be costly and divert management from productive activities.
If we are unable to maintain regulatory approval of Korlym for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome or if we fail to comply with other requirements, we will be unable to generate revenue and may be subject to penalties.
We are subject to oversight by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and elsewhere with respect to our research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping and sales and marketing activities. These requirements include submissions of safety information, annual updates on manufacturing activities and continued compliance with FDA regulations, including cGMPs, good laboratory practices and good clinical practices (“GCP”). The FDA enforces these regulations through inspections of us and the laboratories, manufacturers and clinical sites we use. Foreign regulatory authorities have comparable requirements and enforcement
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mechanisms. Discovery of previously unknown problems with a product or product candidate, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency or deficiencies in manufacturing processes or management, as well as failure to comply with FDA or other U.S. or foreign regulatory requirements, may subject us to substantial civil and criminal penalties, injunctions, holds on clinical trials, product seizure, refusal to permit the import or export of products, restrictions on product marketing, withdrawal of the product from the market, product recalls, total or partial suspension of production, refusal to approve pending NDAs or supplemental NDAs, and suspension or revocation of product approvals.
We may be subject to civil or criminal penalties if our marketing of Korlym violates FDA regulations or health care fraud and abuse laws.
We are subject to FDA regulations governing the promotion and sale of medications. Although physicians are permitted to prescribe drugs for any indication they choose, manufacturers may only promote products for their FDA-approved use. All other uses are referred to as “off-label.” In the United States, we market Korlym to treat hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and for whom surgery has failed or is not an option. We provide promotional materials and training programs to physicians covering the use of Korlym for this indication. The FDA may change its policies or enact new regulations at any time that restrict our ability to promote our products. In addition, if
If the FDA were to determine that we engaged in off-label promotion, the FDA could require us to change our practices and subject us to regulatory enforcement actions, including issuance of a public “warning letter,” injunction, seizure, civil fine or criminal penalties. Other federal or state enforcement authorities might act if they believe that the alleged improper promotion led to the submission and payment of claims for an unapproved use, which could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement. Even if it is determined that we are not in violation of these laws, we may receive negative publicity, incur significant expenses and be forced to devote management time to defending our position.
In addition to laws restricting off-label promotion, we are also subject to federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations designed to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing, and other abusive practices. The U.S. healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:
the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service for which payment may be made under federal health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation;
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federal false claims laws, including, without limitation, the False Claims Act, which prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Pharmaceutical companies have been prosecuted under these laws for a variety of promotional and marketing activities, such as allegedly providing free product to or entering into “sham” consulting arrangements with customers to induce such customers to purchase, order or recommend the company’s products in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute and federal false claims laws and regulations; reporting to pricing services inflated average wholesale prices that were then used by certain governmental programs to set reimbursement rates; engaging in the promotion of “off-label” uses that caused customers to submit claims to and obtain reimbursement from governmental payers for non-covered “off-label” uses; and submitting inflated best price information to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program; the government may assert that a claim including items and services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act;
the federal Civil Monetary Penalties law, which prohibits, among other things, offering or transferring remuneration to a federal healthcare beneficiary that a person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s decision to order or receive items or services reimbursable by the government from a particular provider or supplier;
the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), which created federal criminal laws that prohibit executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program or making false statements relating to health care matters; similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation;
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federal “sunshine” laws, including the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, that require transparency regarding financial arrangements with health care providers, such as the reporting and disclosure requirements imposed by the PPACAACA on drug manufacturers regarding any “transfer of value” made or distributed to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors), certain health care professionals beginning in 2022, teaching hospitals, and ownership or investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Manufacturers are required to submit reports detailing these financial arrangements by the 90th day of each calendar year;
federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers; and
state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payer, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers; and state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures and pricing information.
The risk of being found in violation of these laws and regulations is increased by the fact that many of them have not been definitively interpreted by regulatory authorities or the courts and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available under them, it is possible that some of our business activities, including our relationships with physicians and other healthcare providers (some of whom recommend, purchase and/or prescribe our products) and the manner in which we promote our products, could be subject to challenge. We are also exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants, vendors, distributors, and contract research organizations (“CROs”) may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity. Although we have policies and procedures prohibiting such activity, it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct and the precautions we take may not be effective in controlling unknown risks or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.
If we violate any of the laws described above or any other government regulations, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from governmental health care programs, a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance, individual imprisonment, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our financial results and ability to operate.
Risks Related to our Research and Development Activities
Our efforts to discover, develop and commercialize our product candidates may not succeed. Clinical drug development is lengthy, expensive and often unsuccessful. Results of early studies and trials are often not predictive of later trial results. Failure can occur at any time.
Clinical development is costly, time-consuming and unpredictable. Positive data from clinical trials are susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. The results from early clinical trials are often not predictive of results in later clinical trials. Product candidates may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having produced positive results in preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. Many companies have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or unanticipated or unexpectedly severe adverse events.
Our current clinical trials may prove inadequate to support marketing approvals. Even trials that generate positive results may have to be confirmed in much larger, more expensive and lengthier trials before we could seek regulatory approval.
Clinical trials may take longer to complete, cost more than expected and fail for many reasons, including:
slow patient enrollment or delayed activation of clinical trial sites due to the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors;
delays obtaining regulatory permission to start a trial, changes to the size or design of a trial or changes in regulatory requirements for a trial already underway;
inability to secure acceptable terms with vendors and an appropriate number of clinical trial sites;
delays or inability to obtain institutional review board (“IRB”) approval at prospective trial sites;
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failure of patients or investigators to comply with the clinical trial protocol;
unforeseen safety issues; and
negative findings of inspections of clinical sites or manufacturing operations by us, the FDA or other authorities.
A trial may also be suspended or terminated by us, the trial’s data safety monitoring board, the IRBs governing the sites where the trial is being conducted or the FDA for many reasons, including failure to comply with regulatory requirements or clinical protocols, negative findings in an inspection of our clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other authorities, unforeseen safety issues, failure to demonstrate a benefit or changes in government regulations. Disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increase the likelihood of delays in initiating or completing our planned and ongoing clinical trials, thereby increasing their costs. Please see the risk factor, “The COVID-19 pandemic has made initiating and advancing our clinical development programs more difficult.”
During the development of a product candidate, we may decide, or the FDA or other regulatory authorities may require us, to conduct more pre-clinical or clinical studies or to change the size or design of a trial already underway, thereby delaying or preventing the completion of development and increase its cost. Even if we conduct the clinical trials and supportive studies that we consider appropriate and the results are positive, we may not receive regulatory approval. Following regulatory approval, there are significant risks to its commercial success, such as development of competing products by other companies or the reluctance of physicians to prescribe it.
The COVID-19 pandemic has lengthened the time it takes to initiate and advance our clinical development programs.
We conduct clinical trials at sites in the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. In the United States, Canada and Europe, authorities have imposed significant public health restrictions of varying degrees of severity which are likely to persist until COVID-19 vaccines have been widely administered. In addition, physicians, patients and medical institutions have changed their behavior in an attempt to reduce the risk of infection, which makes clinical trials more expensive, time-consuming and risky to initiate and conduct.
Some of the sites where we are conducting clinical trials have stopped enrolling new patients or reduced the frequency with which enrolled patients see their physicians. Some clinical sites have temporarily stopped initiating new trials. Many patients are reluctant to participate in procedures required by our clinical trial protocols because they fear infection. In general, COVID-19 has slowed the pace of our clinical trials, including our studies in Cushing’s syndrome and AIWG. Studies of diseases perceived to be acutely life-threatening, such as advanced solid tumors, have not experienced delay or disruption.
We may continue to experience disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material adverse impact on our clinical trial plans and timelines, including:
delays in enrolling patients in our clinical trials;
delays in clinical site initiation, including difficulties in recruiting clinical investigators and staff;
delays in receiving authorizations from local regulatory authorities and internal review boards to initiate clinical trials or amend existing protocols;
delays in clinical sites receiving necessary supplies and materials due to interruptions in local and global shipping;
changes in local regulations that require us to change the ways in which our clinical trials are conducted, which may result in unexpected costs or cause us to suspend or discontinue a trial in the affected jurisdiction;
diversion of healthcare resources, including facilities, supplies and staff, away from the conduct of clinical trials;
interruption of key clinical trial activities, such as clinical trial site monitoring, patient visits and follow-up, study procedures and data collection, that could affect the integrity of clinical trial data, due to limitations on travel;
the infection of patients enrolled in our clinical trials with COVID-19, which could affect the results of the clinical trial, including by increasing the number of observed adverse events or by causing patients to drop out of the study;
patient discontinuations due to fear of infection with COVID-19;
interruptions or delays in preclinical studies due to restricted or limited operations at laboratory facilities;
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delays in necessary interactions with local regulators, ethics committees and other third parties and contractors due to limitations in employee resources or the furlough of government employees;
limitations caused by the sickness of our employees or their families or the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people; and
the possible refusal of the FDA or other regulatory authorities to accept data from clinical trials in affected geographies.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our business, preclinical studies and clinical trials will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.
Vendors perform many of the activities necessary to carry out our clinical trials, including drug product distribution, trial management and oversight and data collection and analysis. Failure of these vendors to perform their duties or meet expected timelines may prevent or delay approval of our product candidates.
Third-party clinical investigators and clinical sites enroll patients and CROs manage many of our trials and perform data collection and analysis. Although we control only certain aspects of these third parties’ activities, we are responsible for ensuring that every study adheres to its protocol and meets regulatory and scientific standards. If any of our vendors does not perform its duties or meet expected deadlines or fails to adhere to applicable GCP, or if the quality or accuracy of the data it produces is compromised, affected clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may be unable to obtain approval for our product candidates. Failure of our manufacturing vendors to perform their duties or comply with cGMPs may require us to recall drug product or repeat clinical trials, which would delay regulatory approval. If our agreements with any of these vendors terminate, we may not be able to enter into alternative arrangements in a timely manner or on reasonable terms.
Our ability to physically inspect our vendors and clinical sites has been limited by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health restrictions, which increases the risk that failures to meet applicable requirements will go undetected.
Obtaining regulatory approval of product candidates in foreign jurisdictions would be costly and difficult. Failure to obtain such approvals would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates outside the United States.
We may seek to commercialize our products in international markets, which would require us to receive a marketing authorization and, in many cases, pricing approval, from the appropriate regulatory authorities. These approval processes include all of the risks associated with the FDA’s approval process and, in some cases, additional risks. Approval procedures vary between countries and can require additional pre-clinical or clinical studies. Obtaining approval may take longer than it does in the United States. Although approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval by others, failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in others.
Our products and product candidates may cause undesirable side effects that halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or cause us significant liability.
Patients in clinical trials report changes in their health, including new illnesses, injuries, and discomforts, to their study doctor. Often, it is not possible to determine whether or not these conditions were caused by the drug candidate being studied or something else. As we test our product candidates in larger, longer and more extensive clinical trials, or as use of them becomes more widespread if we receive regulatory approval, patients may report serious adverse events that did not occur or went undetected in previous trials. Many times, serious side effects are only detected in large-scale, Phase 3 clinical trials or following commercial approval.
Adverse events reported in clinical trials can slow or stop patient recruitment, prevent enrolled patients from completing a trial and could give rise to liability claims. Regulatory authorities could respond to reported adverse events by interrupting or halting our clinical trials or limiting the scope of, delaying or denying marketing approval. If we elect, or are required by authorities, to delay, suspend or terminate any clinical trial or commercialization efforts, the commercial prospects of such product candidates or products may be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from them may be delayed or eliminated.
If one of our product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects or adverse events, potentially significant negative consequences could result, including but not limited to:
regulatory authorities may suspend, limit or withdraw approvals of such product;
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regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label, including “boxed” warnings, or issue safety alerts and other safety information about the product;
we may be required to change the way the product is administered or conduct additional studies or clinical trials;
we may be required to create a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), which could include a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients, a communication plan for healthcare providers and/or other elements to assure safe use;
the product may become less competitive;
we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of criminal penalties; and
we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;
Any of these events could seriously harm our business.
We need to increase the size of our organization and may experience difficulties in managing growth.
Our commercial and research and development efforts are constrained by our limited administrative, operational and management resources. To date, we have relied on a small management team. Growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to recruit and retain additional employees. Our financial performance and ability to compete will depend on our ability to manage growth effectively. To that end, we must:
manage our sales and marketing efforts, clinical trials, research and manufacturing activities effectively;
hire more management, clinical development, administrative and sales and marketing personnel; and
continue to develop our administrative systems and controls.
Failure to accomplish any of these tasks, which will be more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic, could harm our business.
If we lose key personnel or are unable to attract more skilled personnel, we may be unable to pursue our product development and commercialization goals.
Our ability to operate successfully and manage growth depends upon hiring and retaining skilled managerial, scientific, sales, marketing, and financial personnel. The job market for qualified personnel is intensely competitive. We depend on the principal members of our management and scientific staff. Any officer or employee may terminate his or her relationship with us at any time and work for a competitor. We do not have employment insurance covering any of our personnel. The loss of key individuals could delay our research, development and commercialization efforts.
Risks Related to our Capital Needs and Financial Results
We may need additional capital to fund our operations or for strategic reasons. Such capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We are dependent on revenue from the sale of Korlym and our cash reserves to fund our commercial operations and development programs. If Korlym revenue declines significantly, we may need to curtail our operations or raise funds to support our plans. We may also choose to raise funds for strategic reasons. We cannot be certain funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Equity financing would cause dilution, debt financing may involve restrictive covenants. Neither type of financing may be available to us on attractive terms or at all. If we obtain funds through collaborations with other companies, we may have to relinquish rights to one or more of our product candidates. If our revenue declines and our cash reserves are depleted, and if adequate funds are not available from other sources, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our development programs.
Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property
To succeed, we must secure, maintain and effectively assert adequate patent protection for the composition and methods of use of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulators and for the use of Korlym to treat Cushing’s syndrome and other disorders.
Patents are uncertain, involve complex legal and factual questions and are frequently the subject of litigation. The patents issued or licensed to us may be challenged at any time. Competitors may take actions we believe infringe our intellectual
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property, causing us to take legal action to defend our rights. Intellectual property litigation is lengthy, expensive and requires significant management attention. Outcomes are uncertain. If we do not protect our intellectual property, competitors may erode our competitive advantage. Please see “Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings.”
Our patent applications may not result in issued patents and patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated, held unenforceable or circumvented. Our patents may not prevent third parties from producing competing products. The foreign countries where we may someday operate may not protect our intellectual property to the extent the laws of the United States do. If we fail to obtain adequate patent protection in other countries, others may produce products in those countries based on our technology.
Third parties may allege that our patents infringe their rights. Defending against such allegations may result in costly litigation and may require us to obtain a license or bar us from commercializing our product candidates or Korlym for a new indication.
Our development and commercialization of Korlym or our selective cortisol modulators may give rise to claims that our patents or the patents we have licensed infringe the rights of others, which may require us to engage in costly, time-consuming and possibly unsuccessful litigation. If it is determined that one of our products or product candidates infringe others’ patent rights, we may have to obtain licenses to those rights or delay or suspend commercial activity while we attempt to design around the infringed patent. If our efforts fail, we may be unable to commercialize the infringing product or product candidate. We do not have liability insurance for patent infringement.
We do not believe that we infringe any patents or other proprietary rights. We are not obligated to pay royalties relating to the use of intellectual property except to the University of Chicago. To maintain our licenses from the University of Chicago, we must make milestone and royalty payments. If we do not comply with our obligations under these licenses, we may lose the right to commercialize cortisol modulators, including mifepristone, for the treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (“TNBC”) and CRPC.
Our patents concerning mifepristone cover its use, not its composition, which may make it harder to prevent patent infringement.
We own or have exclusively licensed issued U.S. patents covering the use of cortisol modulators, including mifepristone, to treat a variety of disorders. A method of use patent covers only a particular use of a compound, not its composition. Because our patents do not cover the composition of mifepristone, we cannot prevent others from commercializing mifepristone to treat disorders not covered by our method of use patents. The availability of mifepristone for these disorders may enable patients to obtain mifepristone from other companies for indications covered by our patents. Although such “off-label” use would violate our patents, effectively monitoring compliance and enforcing our rights may be difficult and costly.
Risks Related to Our Stock
The price of our common stock fluctuates widely and is likely to continue to do so. Opportunities for the sale of shares at any particular time may be limited.
We cannot assure investors that a liquid trading market for our common stock will exist at any particular time. As a result, holders of our common stock may not be able to sell shares quickly or at the current market price. During the 52-week period ended July 22, 2021, our average daily trading volume was approximately 1,238,944 shares and the intra-day sales prices per share of our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market ranged from $12.20 to $31.18. As of July 22, 2021, our officers, directors and principal stockholders beneficially owned approximately 17 percent of our common stock.
Our stock price can experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects. Securities class action lawsuits are often instituted against companies following periods of stock market volatility. Such litigation is costly and diverts management’s attention from productive efforts.
Factors that may cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate rapidly and widely include:
actual or anticipated variations in our operating results or changes to any public guidance we have provided;
actual or anticipated timing and results of our clinical trials;
changes in the expected or actual timing of our competitors’ potential development programs, including developments in ANDA litigation and proceedings before the PTAB and the announcement of ANDA filings seeking approval for generic versions of Korlym;
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general market and economic conditions, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic;
disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our inventions;
short selling of our common stock, the publication of speculative opinions about our business or other market manipulation activities by third parties that are intended to lower our stock price or increase its volatility;
changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts or the failure of our performance to meet the published expectations of those analysts or any public guidance we have provided;
actual or anticipated regulatory approvals of our product candidates or of competing products;
purchases or sales of our common stock by our officers, directors or stockholders;
changes in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates or our competitors’ products;
technological innovations by us, our collaborators or our competitors;
changes in the trading volume of our common stock;
conditions in the pharmaceutical industry, including the market valuations of companies similar to ours;
additions or departures of key personnel;
announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations or capital commitments;
additional financing activities; and
our cash and short-term investment position.
Our stock price may decline if our financial performance does not meet the guidance we have provided to the public, estimates published by research analysts or other investor expectations.
The guidance we provide as to our expected 2021 revenue is only an estimate of what we believe is realizable at the time we give such guidance. It is difficult to predict our revenue and our actual results may vary materially from our guidance. The effect on our business of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to forecast. In addition, the rate of physician adoption of Korlym and the actions of government and private payers is uncertain. We may experience competition from generic versions of Korlym, which our public revenue guidance does not anticipate. We may not meet our financial guidance or other investor expectations for other reasons, including those arising from the risks and uncertainties described in this report and in our other public filings and public statements. Research analysts publish estimates of our future revenue and earnings based on their own analysis. The revenue guidance we provide may be one factor they consider when determining their estimates.
General Risk Factors
We are subject to government regulation and other legal obligations relating to privacy and data protection. Compliance with these requirements is complex and costly. Failure to comply could materially harm our business.
We and our partners are subject to federal, state and foreign laws and regulations concerning data privacy and security, including HIPAA and the EU General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR. These and other regulatory frameworks are evolving rapidly as new rules are enacted and existing ones updated and made more stringent.
In the United States, numerous federal and state laws and regulations, including state data breach notification laws, state health information privacy, laws, and federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations (e.g., Section 5 of the FTC Act), that govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of health-related and other personal information could apply to our operations or the operations of our partners. In addition, we may obtain health information from third parties (including research institutions from which we obtain clinical trial data) that are subject to privacy and security requirements under HIPAA. Depending on the facts and circumstances, we could be subject to criminal penalties if we knowingly obtain, use, or disclose individually identifiable health information maintained by a HIPAA-covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA.
Even when HIPAA does not apply, according to the Federal Trade Commission or the FTC, violating consumers’ privacy or failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure may constitute unfair acts or
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practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Individually identifiable health information is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards.
In addition, certain state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, some of which are more stringent than HIPAA and many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts. Failure to comply with these laws, where applicable, can result in the imposition of significant civil and/or criminal penalties and private litigation. For example, the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act imposes restrictive requirements regulating the use and disclosure of health information and other personally identifiable information. Further, on June 28, 2018, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, which took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA creates individual privacy rights for California consumers and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability. Further, the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA, recently passed in California. The CPRA will impose additional data protection obligations on covered businesses, including additional consumer rights processes, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It will also create a new California data protection agency authorized to issue substantive regulations and could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. The majority of the provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may be required. In the event that we are subject to or affected by HIPAA, the CCPA, the CPRA or other domestic privacy and data protection laws, any liability from failure to comply with the requirements of these laws could adversely affect our financial condition. Similar laws have also been proposed at the federal level and in other states.
The GDPR went into effect in 2018 and imposes stringent requirements for controllers and processors of personal data of individuals within the EEA, particularly with respect to clinical trials. The GDPR provides that EEA member states may make their own further laws and regulations limiting the processing of health data, which could limit our ability to use and share personal data or could cause our costs to increase and harm our business and financial condition. In addition, the GDPR increases the scrutiny that clinical trial sites located in the EEA should apply to transfers of personal data from such sites to countries that are considered to lack an adequate level of data protection, such as the United States. Recent legal developments have also created complexity and compliance uncertainty regarding certain transfers of information from the EEA to the United States. For example, on June 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union, or the CJEU, limited how organizations could lawfully transfer personal data from the EEA to the United States by invalidating the EU-US Privacy Shield Framework for purposes of international transfers and imposing further restrictions on use of the standard contractual clauses, or SCCs. These restrictions include a requirement for companies to carry out a transfer impact assessment which, among other things, assesses the laws governing access to personal data in the recipient country and considers whether supplementary measures that provide privacy protections additional to those provided under SCCs will need to be implemented to ensure an essentially equivalent level of data protection to that afforded in the EEA. The European Commission issued revised SCCs on June 4, 2021 to account for the decision of the CJEU and recommendations made by the European Data Protection Board. The revised SCCs must be used for relevant new data transfers from September 27, 2021; existing standard contractual clauses arrangements must be migrated to the revised clauses by December 27, 2022. There is some uncertainty around whether the revised clauses can be used for all types of data transfers, particularly whether they can be relied on for data transfers to non-EEA entities subject to the GDPR. As supervisory authorities issue further guidance on personal data export mechanisms, including circumstances where the SCCs cannot be used, and/or start taking enforcement action, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we provide our services, the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our financial results. The GDPR imposes substantial fines for breaches of data protection requirements, which can be up to four percent of global revenue for the preceding financial year or €20 million, whichever is greater, and it also confers a private right of action on data subjects for breaches of data protection requirements. Compliance with European data protection laws is a rigorous and time intensive process that may increase our cost of doing business, and despite those efforts, there is a risk that we may be subject to fines and penalties, litigation and reputational harm in connection with our European activities. From January 1, 2021, we have to comply with the GDPR and separately United Kingdom GDPR, which, together with the amended United Kingdom Data Protection Act 2018, retains the GDPR in United Kingdom national law, each regime having the ability to fine up to the greater of €20 million/ £17.5 million or 4% of global turnover. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU in relation to certain aspects of data protection law remains unclear, and it is unclear how United Kingdom data protection laws and regulations will develop in the medium to longer term. On June 28, 2021, the European Commission adopted an adequacy decision in favor of the United Kingdom, enabling data transfers from EU member states to the United Kingdom without
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additional safeguards. However, the United Kingdom adequacy decision will automatically expire in June 2025 unless the European Commission renews or extends that decision and remains under review by the Commission during this period.
Complying with U.S. and foreign privacy and security laws and regulations is complex and costly. Failure to comply by us or our vendors could subject us to litigation, government enforcement actions and substantial penalties and fines, which could harm our business.
We rely heavily on information technology systems to conduct our business. A breakdown or breach of these systems or our failure to protect confidential information concerning our business, patients or employees could interrupt the operation of our business and subject us to liability.
We store valuable confidential information relating to our business, patients and employees on our computer networks and on the networks of our vendors. In addition, we rely heavily on internet technology, including video conference, teleconference and file-sharing services, to conduct business during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the implementation of security measures, our networks and the networks of our vendors are subject to the risk of cyberattacks, “phishing” attacks, computer hackers, service provider or vendor error, or malfeasance or other intentional or unintentional acts by third parties and bad actors, including vendors, computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and internet and electrical failures. They may also be manipulated by criminals seeking to commit fraud or theft.
COVID-19 may increase our cybersecurity risks, due to our reliance on internet technology and the number of our employees that are working remotely, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. In addition, system failures could cause the loss, theft, exposure, or unauthorized access or use of valuable clinical trial data as a result of accidents, errors or malfeasance by our employees, independent contractors or others working with us or on our behalf or otherwise disrupt our clinical and commercial activities and be expensive and time-consuming to remedy. Our servers and systems, and those of our vendors, may be vulnerable to computer malware, break-ins, denial-of-service attacks, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems, which could result in someone obtaining unauthorized access to our confidential information, including our clinical data, or the confidential information of our patients or employees.
The computer systems of the CRO that managed one of our early-stage clinical trials was breached and confidential information, including information about some of the patients who participated in our trial, was exposed. Under applicable law, this breach is the responsibility of the CRO, which has notified the affected patients and is cooperating closely with regulatory and law enforcement authorities. We do not expect this breach to have any impact on our development programs or financial performance.
We have experienced “phishing” attacks hacking incidents and other unauthorized access to certain data and information, and thereinformation. There is no assurance that our cybersecurity systems and processes will be effective in preventing unauthorized access in the future. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience security breaches that remain undetected for an extended period.
Disruptions or security breaches that result in the disclosure of confidential or proprietary information could cause us to incur liability and delay or otherwise harm our research, development and commercialization efforts. We may be liable for losses suffered by patients or employees or other individuals whose confidential information is stolen as a result of a breach of the security of the systems that we or third parties and our vendors store this information on, and any such liability could be material. Even if we are not liable for such losses, any breach of these systems could expose us to material costs in notifying affected individuals, as well as regulatory fines or penalties. In addition, any breach of these systems could disrupt our normal business operations and expose us to reputational damage and harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Any insurance we maintain against the risk of this type of loss may not be sufficient to cover actual losses, or may not apply to the circumstances relating to any particular loss.
We are subject to government regulation and other legal obligations relating to privacy and data protection. Compliance with these requirements is complex and costly. Failure to comply could materially harm our business.
We and our partners may be subject to federal, state and foreign laws and regulations concerning data privacy and security, including HIPAA and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). These and other regulatory frameworks are evolving rapidly as new rules are enacted and existing ones updated and made more stringent.
In the United States, numerous federal and state laws and regulations, including state data breach notification laws, state health information privacy laws, and federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations (e.g., Section 5 of the FTC Act), that govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of health-related and other personal information could apply to our operations or the operations of our partners. In addition, we may obtain health information from third parties (including research institutions from which we obtain clinical trial data) that are subject to privacy and security requirements under HIPAA. Depending on the facts and circumstances, we could be subject to criminal penalties if we knowingly obtain, use, or disclose individually identifiable health information maintained by a HIPAA-covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA.
Even when HIPAA does not apply, according to the Federal Trade Commission or the FTC, violating consumers’ privacy or failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure may constitute unfair acts or practices in or
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affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, or the FTCA, 15 U.S.C § 45(a). The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Individually identifiable health information is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards.
In addition, certain state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, some of which are more stringent than HIPAA and many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts. Failure to comply with these laws, where applicable, can result in the imposition of significant civil and/or criminal penalties and private litigation. For example, the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act imposes restrictive requirements regulating the use and disclosure of health information and other personally identifiable information. Further, on June 28, 2018, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA creates individual privacy rights for California consumers and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability. Similar laws have been proposed at the federal level and in other states.
The GDPR went into effect in 2018 and has become binding against all EEA member states. It imposes stringent requirements for controllers and processors of personal data, particularly with respect to clinical trials. The GDPR provides that EEA member states may make their own further laws and regulations limiting the processing of health data, which could limit our ability to use and share personal data or could cause our costs to increase and harm our business and financial condition. In addition, the GDPR increases the scrutiny that clinical trial sites located in the EEA should apply to transfers of personal data from such sites to countries that are considered to lack an adequate level of data protection, such as the United States. Recent legal developments have also created complexity and compliance uncertainty regarding certain transfers of information from the EEA to the United States. For example, on June 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) declared the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield framework to be invalid. As a result, Privacy Shield is no longer a valid mechanism for transferring personal data from the EU to the United States. Moreover, it is uncertain whether the standard contractual clauses will also be invalidated by the European courts or legislature. The GDPR imposes substantial fines for breaches of data protection requirements, which can be up to four percent of global revenue for the preceding financial year or €20 million, whichever is greater, and it also confers a private right of action on data subjects for breaches of data protection requirements. Compliance with European data protection laws is a rigorous and time intensive process that may increase our cost of doing business, and despite those efforts, there is a risk that we may be subject to fines and penalties, litigation and reputational harm in connection with our European activities. Additionally, following the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU, we have to comply with the GDPR and separately the GDPR as implemented in the United Kingdom, each regime having the ability to fine up to the greater of €20 million/ £17.5 million or 4% of global turnover. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU in relation to certain aspects of data protection law remains unclear, for example around how data can lawfully be transferred between each jurisdiction, which exposes us to further compliance risk.
Complying with U.S. and foreign privacy and security laws and regulations is complex and costly. Failure to comply by us or our vendors could subject us to litigation, government enforcement actions and substantial penalties and fines, which could harm our business.
We are dependent on the continued functioning of the FDA and other federal instrumentalities. Inadequate funding of these instrumentalities, theirTheir partial or complete closure, whether due to public health concerns or a budgetary dispute, or their divisiondiversion of significant resources to work onadvance pandemic-related issues or their inability to hire and retain talented professionals could materially harm our business.
The government’s ability to carry out its mandated functions is affected by a variety of factors, including adequate government funding, the ability to hire and retain key personnel, statutory, regulatory and policy changes, possible diversion of resources and limited operating capacity and diversion of resources caused by the COVID-19 pandemic or other events that may reduce the government’s ability to perform routine functions. Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may slow the time to review new drug applications and respond to other inquiries. Disruptions at the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) may temporarily stop its ability to review and approve proposed financing transactions. Several times in the last few years, including for 35 days beginning on December 22, 2018, the U.S. government has shut down and many regulatory
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agencies, including the FDA and SEC, have had to furlough employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, it could significantly impair the FDA, SEC and other authorities’ ability to process our submissions, which could materially harm our business.
Separately, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 10, 2020 the FDA announced its intention to postpone most inspections of foreign manufacturing facilities, and on March 18, 2020, the FDA temporarily postponed routine surveillance inspections of domestic manufacturing facilities. Subsequently, on July 10, 2020 the FDA announced its intention to resume certain on-site inspections of domestic manufacturing facilities subject to a risk-based prioritization system. The FDA intends to
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use this risk-based assessment system to identify the categories of regulatory activity that can occur within a given geographic area, ranging from mission critical inspections to resumption of all regulatory activities. Additionally, on April 15, 2021, the FDA issued a guidance document in which the FDA described its plans to conduct voluntary remote interactive evaluations of certain drug manufacturing facilities and clinical research sites. According to the guidance, the FDA intends to request such remote interactive evaluations in situations where an in-person inspection would not be prioritized, deemed mission-critical, or where direct inspection is otherwise limited by travel restrictions, but where the FDA determines that remote evaluation would be appropriate. Regulatory authorities outside the United States may adopt similar restrictions or other policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, or if global health concerns continue to prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting their regular inspections, reviews, or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA or other regulatory authorities to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Changes in federal, state and local tax laws may reduce our net earnings.
Our earnings are subject to federal, state and local tax.taxes. We offset a portion of our earnings using net operating losses and our taxes using research and development tax credits, which reduces the amount of tax we pay. Some jurisdictions require that we pay taxes or fees calculated as a percentage of sales, payroll expense, or other indicia of our activities. Please see “Part I, Item I, Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Income Taxes.” Changes to existing tax laws that we cannot control or predict could materially increase the amount of taxes and feesamounts we must pay. For example, an increase in income tax rates or a reduction or elimination of net operating losses and research and development tax credits could significantly increase our tax expense,pay, which would reduce our net income and adversely affect our results of operations.
Risks Related to our Research and Development Activities
Clinical drug development is lengthy, expensive and often unsuccessful. Results of early studies and trials are often not predictive of later trial results. Failure can occur at any stage of drug development. Our efforts to discover, develop and commercialize our product candidates may not succeed.
Clinical development is expensive, lengthy and often unsuccessful. Data from clinical trials are susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. The results from early clinical trials are often not predictive of results in later clinical trials. Product candidates may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having produced positive results in preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. Many companies have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or unanticipated or unexpectedly severe adverse events.
Our current clinical trials may prove inadequate to support marketing approvals. Even trials that generate positive results may have to be confirmed in much larger, more expensive and lengthier trials before we could realistically seek regulatory approval of a product candidate.
Clinical trials may be delayed by many factors, including:
slow patient enrollment or delayed activation of clinical trial sites due to the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors;
delays obtaining regulatory permission to start a trial, changes to the size or design of a trial or changes in regulatory requirements for a trial already underway;
inability to secure acceptable terms with vendors and an appropriate number of clinical trial sites;
delays or inability to obtain institutional review board (“IRB”) approval at prospective trial sites;
failure of patients or investigators to comply with the clinical trial protocol;
unforeseen safety issues; and
negative findings of inspections of clinical sites or manufacturing operations by us, the FDA or other authorities.
A trial may also be suspended or terminated by us, the trial’s data safety monitoring board, the IRBs governing the sites where the trial is being conducted or the FDA for many reasons, including failure to comply with regulatory requirements or clinical protocols, negative findings in an inspection of our clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other authorities, unforeseen safety issues, failure to demonstrate a benefit or changes in government regulations. Disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increase the likelihood of delays in initiating or completing our planned and ongoing clinical trials. Please see the risk factor, “The COVID-19 pandemic has made conducting our clinical development programs more difficult.”
During the development of a product candidate, we may decide, or the FDA or other regulatory authorities may require us, to conduct more pre-clinical or clinical studies or to change the size or design of a trial already underway, which could delay or prevent the completion of development and increase its cost. Even if we conduct all of the clinical trials and supportive studies that we consider appropriate and the results are positive, we may not receive regulatory approval.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has made conducting our clinical development programs more difficult.
We conduct clinical trials at sites in the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. In all of these places, authorities have imposed significant public health restrictions of varying degrees of severity which are likely to persist until a COVID-19 vaccine or effective treatment is available. In addition, physicians, patients and medical institutions have changed their behavior in an attempt to reduce the risk of infection that makes clinical trials more expensive, time-consuming and risky to initiate and conduct.
Some of the sites where we are conducting clinical trials have stopped enrolling new patients or reduced the frequency with which enrolled patients see their physicians. Some clinical sites have temporarily stopped initiating new trials. Many patients are reluctant to participate in procedures required by our clinical trial protocols because they fear infection. If COVID-19 remains prevalent, we may experience additional disruptions, which could have a material adverse impact on our clinical trial plans and timelines, including:
delays in enrolling patients in our clinical trials;
delays in clinical site initiation, including difficulties in recruiting clinical investigators and staff;
delays in receiving authorizations from local regulatory authorities and internal review boards to initiate clinical trials or amend existing protocols;
delays in clinical sites receiving necessary supplies and materials due to interruptions in local and global shipping;
changes in local regulations that require us to change the ways in which our clinical trials are conducted, which may result in unexpected costs or cause us to suspend or discontinue a trial in the affected jurisdiction;
diversion of healthcare resources, including facilities, supplies and staff, away from the conduct of clinical trials;
interruption of key clinical trial activities, such as clinical trial site monitoring, patient visits and follow-up, study procedures and data collection, that could affect the integrity of clinical trial data, due to limitations on travel;
the infection of patients enrolled in our clinical trials with COVID-19, which could affect the results of the clinical trial, including by increasing the number of observed adverse events or by causing patients to drop out of the study;
patient discontinuations due to fear of infection with COVID-19;
interruptions or delays in preclinical studies due to restricted or limited operations at laboratory facilities;
delays in necessary interactions with local regulators, ethics committees and other third parties and contractors due to limitations in employee resources or the furlough of government employees;
limitations caused by the sickness of our employees or their families or the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people; and
the possible refusal of the FDA or other regulatory authorities to accept data from clinical trials in affected geographies.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our business, preclinical studies and clinical trials will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.
Vendors manufacture and distribute the drug product we use in our trials, conduct and manage some of our clinical trials and perform data collection and analysis. Failure of these vendors to perform their duties or meet expected timelines may prevent or delay approval of our product candidates.
Third-party clinical investigators and clinical sites enroll patients and CROs manage many of our trials and perform data collection and analysis. Although we control only certain aspects of these third-parties’ activities, we are responsible for ensuring that every study adheres to its protocol and meets regulatory and scientific standards. If any of our vendors does not perform its duties or meet expected deadlines or fails to adhere to applicable GCP, or if the quality or accuracy of the data it produces is compromised, affected clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may be unable to obtain approval for our product candidates. Failure of our manufacturing vendors to perform their duties or comply with cGMPs may require us to recall drug product or repeat clinical trials, which would delay regulatory approval. If our agreements with any of these vendors terminate, we may not be able to enter into alternative arrangements in a timely manner or on reasonable terms.
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Our ability to physically inspect our vendors and clinical sites has been limited by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health restrictions, which increases the risk that failures to meet applicable requirements will go undetected.income.
We may be unable to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our product or product candidates.
We cannot promote a product candidate unless the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities approves it, which may not happen. Obtaining regulatory approval of a drug is difficult, uncertain, lengthy and expensive. Failure can occur at any stage. In order to receive FDA approval, we must demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction that the new drug is safe and effective for its intended use and that our manufacturing processes comply with cGMPs. Our inability or the inability of our vendors to comply with applicable FDA and other regulatory requirements can result in delays in or denials of new product approvals, warning letters, fines, consent decrees restricting or suspending manufacturing operations, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of product sales and criminal prosecution. Any of these or other regulatory actions could materially harm our business and financial condition.
If we receive regulatory approval for a product candidate, we will be subject to ongoing FDA requirements and oversight, such as continued safety and other reporting requirements and post-marketing restrictions. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to develop our product candidates or market our products and may be subject to product recalls or seizures. Any regulatory approvals for our product candidates may require costly post-marketing studies. Future governmental action or changes in FDA policy or personnel may also result in delays or rejection of an NDA or supplemental NDA.
Obtaining regulatory approval of product candidates in foreign jurisdictions would be costly and difficult. Failure to obtain such approvals would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates outside the United States.
We may seek to commercialize our products in international markets, which would require us to receive a marketing authorization and, in many cases, pricing approval, from the appropriate regulatory authorities. These approval processes include all of the risks associated with the FDA’s approval process and, in some cases, more. Approval procedures vary between countries and can require additional pre-clinical or clinical studies. Obtaining approval may take longer than it does in the United States. Although approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval by others, failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in others.
Our products and product candidates may cause undesirable side effects that halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or cause us significant liability.
Patients in clinical trials report changes in their health, including new illnesses, injuries, and discomforts, to their study doctor. Often, it is not possible to determine whether or not these conditions were caused by the drug candidate being studied or something else. As we test our product candidates in larger, longer and more extensive clinical trials, or as use of them becomes more widespread if we receive regulatory approval, patients may report serious adverse events that did not occur or went undetected in previous trials. Many times, serious side effects are only detected in large-scale, Phase 3 clinical trials or following commercial approval.
Adverse events reported in clinical trials can slow or stop patient recruitment, prevent enrolled patients from completing a trial and could give rise to liability claims. Regulatory authorities could respond to reported adverse events by interrupting or halting our clinical trials or limiting the scope of, delaying or denying marketing approval. If we elect, or are required by authorities, to delay, suspend or terminate any clinical trial or commercialization efforts, the commercial prospects of such product candidates or products may be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from them may be delayed or eliminated.
If one of our product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects or adverse events, potentially significant negative consequences could result, including but not limited to:
regulatory authorities may suspend, limit or withdraw approvals of such product;
regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label, including “boxed” warnings, or issue safety alerts and other safety information about the product;
we may be required to change the way the product is administered or conduct additional studies or clinical trials;
we may be required to create a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), which could include a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients, a communication plan for healthcare providers and/or other elements to assure safe use;
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the product may become less competitive;
we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of criminal penalties; and
we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients.
Any of these events could seriously harm our business.
We may face competition from companies with greater financial, technical and marketing resources than our own.
The pharmaceutical industry is competitive and subject to rapid technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical companies and innovative biotechnology companies, many of which have greater clinical, marketing and sales resources than our own and may develop and commercialize medications that are superior to and less expensive than ours, which could negatively affect our financial results.
We need to increaseresults and the size of our organization and may experience difficulties in managing growth.
Our commercial and research and development efforts are constrained by our limited administrative, operational and management resources. To date, we have relied on a small management team. Growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to recruit and retain additional employees. Our financial performance and ability to compete will depend on our ability to manage growth effectively. To that end, we must:
manage our sales and marketing efforts, clinical trials, research and manufacturing activities effectively;
hire more management, clinical development, administrative and sales and marketing personnel; and
continue to develop our administrative systems and controls.
Failure to accomplish any of these tasks, which will be more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic, could harm our business.
If we lose key personnel or are unable to attract more skilled personnel, we may be unable to pursue our product development and commercialization goals.
Our ability to operate successfully and manage growth depends upon hiring and retaining skilled managerial, scientific, sales, marketing, and financial personnel. The job market for qualified personnel is intensely competitive. We depend on the principal members of our management and scientific staff. Any officer or employee may terminate his or her relationship with us at any time and work for a competitor. We do not have employment insurance covering any of our personnel. The loss of key individuals could delay our research, development and commercialization efforts.
Risks Related to our Capital Needs and Financial Results
We may need additional capital to fund our operations or for strategic reasons. Such capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We are dependent on revenue from the sale of Korlym and our cash reserves to fund our commercial operations and development programs. If Korlym revenue declines significantly, we may need to curtail our operations or raise funds to support our plans. We may also choose to raise funds for strategic reasons. We cannot be certain funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased volatility and may reduce liquidity in the equity markets, which would make raising additional capital more difficult and expensive. Equity financing would cause dilution, debt financing may involve restrictive covenants. Neither type of financing may be available to us on attractive terms or at all. If we obtain funds through collaborations with other companies, we may have to relinquish rights to one or moreprospects of our product candidates. If our revenue declines and our cash reserves are depleted, and if adequate funds are not available from other sources, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our development programs.
If we acquire products or product candidates, we will incur significant costs and may not realize the benefits we anticipate.
We may acquire a product or product candidate that complements our strategic plan. Such an acquisition may give rise to unforeseen difficulties and costs and may absorb significant management attention. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, which could dilute our stockholders’ ownership interest or cause us to incur significant expenses and debt.
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If we are unable to obtain or maintain orphan designation for our product candidates, our financial results may be negatively affected.
In the United States and the EU, orphan drug designation confers financial incentives such as opportunities for grant funding towards clinical trial costs, tax advantages, and reduction of fees or fee waivers. Although we have received orphan drug designation for relacorilant for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome and patients with pancreatic cancer in both the United States and EU, we may be unable to maintain these designations or to obtain designations for our other product candidates, which may negatively affect our financial results.
Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property
To succeed, we must secure and maintain adequate patent protection for the composition and methods of use of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulators and for the use of Korlym to treat Cushing’s syndrome and other disorders.
Patents are uncertain, involve complex legal and factual questions and are frequently the subject of litigation. The patents issued or licensed to us may be challenged at any time. Competitors may take actions we believe infringe our intellectual property, causing us to take legal action to defend our rights. Intellectual property litigation is lengthy, expensive and requires significant management attention. Outcomes are uncertain. If we do not protect our intellectual property, competitors may erode our competitive advantage. Please see “Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings.”
Our patent applications may not result in issued patents and patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated, held unenforceable or circumvented. Our patents may not prevent third parties from producing competing products. The foreign countries where we may someday operate may not protect our intellectual property to the extent the laws of the United States do. If we fail to obtain adequate patent protection in other countries, others may produce products in those countries based on our technology.
Third parties may allege that our patents infringe their rights. Defending against such allegations may result in costly litigation and may require us to obtain a license or bar us from commercializing our product candidates or Korlym for a new indication.
Our development and commercialization of Korlym or our selective cortisol modulators may give rise to claims that our patents or the patents we have licensed infringe the rights of others, which may require us to engage in costly, time-consuming and possibly unsuccessful litigation. If it is determined that one of our products or product candidates infringe others’ patent rights, we may have to obtain licenses to those rights or delay or suspend commercial activity while we attempt to design around the infringed patent. If our efforts fail, we may be unable to commercialize the infringing product or product candidate. We do not have liability insurance for patent infringement.
We do not believe that we infringe any patents or other proprietary rights. We are not obligated to pay royalties relating to the use of intellectual property except to the University of Chicago. To maintain our licenses from the University of Chicago, we must make milestone and royalty payments. If we do not comply with our obligations under these licenses, we may lose the right to commercialize cortisol modulators, including mifepristone, for the treatment of TNBC and CRPC.
Our ability to compete could be diminished if we are unable to protect our trade secrets and proprietary information.
In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, laws protecting trade secrets and security measures to protect our proprietary information. These measures may not be adequate, in which case competitors could exploit our proprietary information to our disadvantage. If employees, consultants or anyone else breaches their agreements with us regarding our proprietary information, we may not have adequate remedies for the breach.
Our patents concerning mifepristone cover its use, not its composition, which may make it harder to prevent patent infringement.
We own or have exclusively licensed issued U.S. patents covering the use of cortisol modulators, including mifepristone, to treat a variety of disorders. A method of use patent covers only a particular use of a compound, not its composition. Because our patents do not cover the composition of mifepristone, we cannot prevent others from commercializing mifepristone to treat disorders not covered by our method of use patents. The availability of mifepristone for these disorders may enable patients to obtain mifepristone from other companies for indications covered by our patents. Although such “off-label” use would violate our patents, effectively monitoring compliance and enforcing our rights may be difficult and costly. Mifepristone is sold in the United States by Danco Laboratories for the termination of pregnancy. We cannot be certain that patients with Cushing’s syndrome will not be able to obtain mifepristone from Danco or another company, should that company receive approval to market mifepristone for any indication.
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Risks Related to Our Stock
The price of our common stock fluctuates widely and is likely to continue to do so. Opportunities for the sale of shares at any particular time may be limited.
We cannot assure investors that a liquid trading market for our common stock will exist at any particular time. As a result, holders of our common stock may not be able to sell shares quickly or at the current market price. During the 52-week period ended October 28, 2020, our average daily trading volume was approximately 1,502,203 shares and the intra-day sales prices per share of our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market ranged from $9.70 to $23.48. As of October 28, 2020, our officers, directors and principal stockholders beneficially owned approximately 17 percent of our common stock.
Our stock price can experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects. Securities class action lawsuits are often instituted against companies following periods of stock market volatility. Such litigation is costly and diverts management’s attention from productive efforts.
Factors that may cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate rapidly and widely include:
changes in the expected or actual timing of our competitors’ potential development programs, including developments in ANDA litigation and proceedings before the PTAB and the announcement of ANDA filings seeking approval for generic versions of Korlym;
general market and economic conditions, including the economic, social and emotional costs and dislocations arising from the COVID-19 pandemic;
actual or anticipated variations in our operating results or changes to any public guidance we have provided;
actual or anticipated timing and results of our clinical trials;
disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies;
short selling of our common stock, the publication of speculative opinions about our business or other market manipulation activities by third parties that are intended to lower our stock price or increase its volatility;
changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts or the failure of our performance to meet the published expectations of those analysts or any public guidance we have provided;
actual or anticipated regulatory approvals of our product candidates or of competing products;
purchases or sales of our common stock by our officers, directors or stockholders;
changes in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates or our competitors’ products;
technological innovations by us, our collaborators or our competitors;
changes in the trading volume of our common stock;
conditions in the pharmaceutical industry, including the market valuations of companies similar to Corcept;
additions or departures of key personnel;
announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations or capital commitments;
additional financing activities; and
our cash and short-term investment position.
Our stock price may decline if our financial performance does not meet the guidance we have provided to the public, estimates published by research analysts or other investor expectations.
The guidance we provide as to our expected 2020 revenue is only an estimate of what we believe is realizable at the time we give such guidance. It is difficult to predict our revenue and our actual results may vary materially from our guidance. The effect on our business of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to estimate. In addition, the rate of physician adoption of Korlym
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and the actions of government and private payers is uncertain. We may experience competition from generic versions of Korlym, which our public revenue guidance does not anticipate. We may not meet our financial guidance or other investor expectations for other reasons, including those arising from the risks and uncertainties described in this report and in our other public filings and public statements. Research analysts publish estimates of our future revenue and earnings based on their own analysis. The revenue guidance we provide may be one factor they consider when determining their estimates.
Research analysts may not continue to provide or initiate coverage of our common stock or may issue negative reports.
The market for our common stock may be affected by the reports financial analysts publish about us. If any of the analysts covering us downgrades or discontinues coverage of our stock, the price of our common stock could decline rapidly and significantly. Paucity of research coverage may also adversely affect our stock price.
Sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause its price to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our stock in the public market could reduce its price. As additional shares of our stock become available for public resale, whether by the exercise of stock options by employees or directors or because of an equity financing by us, the supply of our stock will increase, which could cause its price to fall. Substantially all of the shares of our stock are eligible for sale, subject to applicable volume and other resale restrictions.
Our officers, directors and principal stockholders, acting as a group, could significantly influence corporate actions.
As of October 28, 2020, our officers and directors beneficially owned approximately 17 percent of our common stock. Acting together, these stockholders could significantly influence any matter requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combinations. The interests of this group may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders and may prevent or delay a change in control. This significant concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock because many investors perceive disadvantages to owning stock in companies with controlling stockholders.
Changes in laws and regulations may significantly increase our costs, which could harm our financial results.
New laws and regulations, as well as changes to existing laws and regulations, including statutes and regulations concerning taxes and the development, approval, and marketing of medications, the provisions of the PPACAACA requiring the reporting of aggregate spending related to health care professionals, the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules adopted by the SEC and by The Nasdaq Stock Market have and will likely continue to increase our cost of doing business and divert management’s attention from revenue-generating activities.
We may fail to comply with our public company obligations, including securities laws and regulations. Such compliance is costly and requires significant management attention.
The federal securities laws and regulations, including the corporate governance and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, impose complex and continually changing regulatory requirements on our operations and reporting. These developing requirements will continue to increase our compliance costs. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate the effectiveness of, and provide a management report with respect to, our internal controls over financial reporting. It also requires that the independent registered public accounting firm auditing our consolidated financial statements must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to complete the required assessment and report or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to issue an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price would likely decline.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter and bylaws and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us or a change in our management more expensive or difficult, even if an acquisition or a management change would be beneficial to our stockholders.
Provisions in our charter and bylaws may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. Some of these provisions allow us to issue preferred stock without any vote or further action by the stockholders, require advance notification of stockholder proposals and nominations of candidates for election as directors and prohibit stockholders from acting by written consent. In addition, a supermajority vote of stockholders is required to amend our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by our Chairman, President or the Board of Directors and that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the Board of Directors. These provisions may prevent or delay a change in our Board of Directors or our management, which our Board of Directors appoints. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Section 203 may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15 percent or more of our outstanding voting stock,
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from merging or combining with us. These provisions in our charter and bylaws and under Delaware law could reduce the price that investors would be willing to pay for shares of our common stock.
Our officers, directors and principal stockholders, acting as a group, could significantly influence corporate actions.
As of July 22, 2021, our officers and directors beneficially owned approximately 17 percent of our common stock. Acting together, these stockholders could significantly influence any matter requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combinations. The interests of this group may not always
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coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders and may prevent or delay a change in control. This significant concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock because many investors perceive disadvantages to owning stock in companies with controlling stockholders.
ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table below describes our purchasescontains information relating to the repurchases of our common stock duringas part our publicly announced Stock Repurchase Program in the three months ended June 30, 2021 (in thousands, except per share data):
Fiscal PeriodTotal Number of Shares RepurchasedAverage Price Paid Per Share
Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program(1)
April 1, 2021 to April 30, 2021— $— $156,790 
May 1, 2021 to May 31, 2021650 21.27 142,965 
June 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021715 21.48 127,620 
Total1,365 $21.38 $127,620 
(1) On November 3, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of our common stock pursuant to our Stock Repurchase Program. Unless terminated or suspended prior, the Stock Repurchase Program will remain in effect until September 30, 20202021.
The following table contains information relating to the purchase of shares of our common stock as part of the cashless net exercises of stock options in the three months ended June 30, 2021 (in thousands, except per share data):
Fiscal Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased1
Average Price Paid Per ShareApproximate Dollar Amount of Shares
July 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020— $— $— 
August 1, 2020 to August 31, 202011 $13.70 155 
September 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020— $— — 
Total11 $13.70 $155 
Fiscal Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(2)
Average Price Per Share
Dollar Amount of Shares(3)
April 1, 2021 to April 30, 202191 $22.95 $2,077 
May 1, 2021 to May 31, 202134 20.70 703 
June 1, 2021 to June 30, 202121 21.70 458 
Total146 $22.24 $3,238 
1On August 13, 2020,(2) In April 2021, we issued 16,413156,516 shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 11,29890,517 shares were tenderedsurrendered to us in satisfaction of related exercise costs.cost and tax obligations. In May 2021, we issued 70,641 shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 33,946 shares were surrendered to us. In June 2021, we issued 27,361 shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 21,127 shares were surrendered to us.
(3) We paid $1.6 million to satisfy the tax withholding obligations associated with the net-share settlement of these cashless option exercises.
ITEM 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
 Description of Document
3.1 
3.2 
10.1
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
32.2 
101 The following materials from the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and ninesix month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ninesix month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholder’sStockholders’ Equity and (v) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
  
Date:November 3, 2020July 29, 2021/s/ Joseph K. Belanoff
 Joseph K. Belanoff, M.D.
Chief Executive Officer
  
Date:
November 3, 2020July 29, 2021/s/ Charles RobbAtabak Mokari
 Charles RobbAtabak Mokari
 Chief Financial Officer
Date:July 29, 2021/s/Joseph D. Lyon
Joseph D. Lyon
Chief Accounting Officer

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