UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
_______________________________________________________
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             
Commission File Number:
000-50679

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Corporation as Specified in Its Charter)
_______________________________________________________
Delaware77-0487658
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
149 Commonwealth Drive
Menlo Park, CA 94025
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(650) 327-3270
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par valueCORTThe Nasdaq Stock Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer☐  Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
On OctoberJuly 27, 2021,2022, there were 115,451,895107,105,078 shares of common stock outstanding at a par value of $0.001 per share.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(Unaudited)(See Note 1) (Unaudited)(See Note 1)
ASSETSASSETS  ASSETS  
Current assets:Current assets:  Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$94,688 $76,190 Cash and cash equivalents$35,346 $77,617 
Short-term marketable securitiesShort-term marketable securities266,643 364,506 Short-term marketable securities334,740 145,918 
Trade receivables, net of allowancesTrade receivables, net of allowances26,508 26,198 Trade receivables, net of allowances28,164 27,625 
InventoryInventory4,994 4,910 Inventory5,437 4,988 
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets9,067 6,697 Prepaid expenses and other current assets15,358 10,315 
Total current assetsTotal current assets401,900 478,501 Total current assets419,045 266,463 
Strategic inventoryStrategic inventory13,659 16,247 Strategic inventory11,978 12,962 
Operating lease right-of-use assetOperating lease right-of-use asset1,022 2,509 Operating lease right-of-use asset2,264 514 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation1,226 1,675 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortizationProperty and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization862 1,002 
Long-term marketable securitiesLong-term marketable securities133,845 36,196 Long-term marketable securities11,890 112,277 
Other assetsOther assets4,106 5,000 Other assets1,834 3,083 
Deferred tax assets, netDeferred tax assets, net29,641 31,603 Deferred tax assets, net48,491 27,455 
Total assetsTotal assets$585,399 $571,731 Total assets$496,364 $423,756 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$6,558 $10,554 Accounts payable$8,246 $6,908 
Accrued clinical expenses12,844 13,704 
Accrued research and development expensesAccrued research and development expenses13,803 12,442 
Accrued and other liabilitiesAccrued and other liabilities24,309 21,186 Accrued and other liabilities24,744 27,665 
Short-term operating lease liabilityShort-term operating lease liability1,046 2,050 Short-term operating lease liability2,264 526 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities44,757 47,494 Total current liabilities49,057 47,541 
Long-term operating lease liability— 501 
Long-term accrued income taxes413 398 
Long-term accrued income taxes payableLong-term accrued income taxes payable4,981 409 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities45,170 48,393 Total liabilities54,038 47,950 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)00Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)00
Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stockPreferred stock— — Preferred stock— — 
Common stockCommon stock126 122 Common stock128 127 
Treasury stockTreasury stock(426,814)(410,411)
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital571,377 516,140 Additional paid-in capital625,976 591,349 
Treasury stock(194,304)(75,795)
Accumulated other comprehensive income115 415 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(2,141)(227)
Retained earningsRetained earnings162,915 82,456 Retained earnings245,177 194,968 
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity540,229 523,338 Total stockholders’ equity442,326 375,806 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equityTotal liabilities and stockholders’ equity$585,399 $571,731 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$496,364 $423,756 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
Product revenue, netProduct revenue, net$96,131 $86,327 $267,156 $268,139 Product revenue, net$103,386 $91,588 $197,074 $171,025 
Operating expenses:Operating expenses:Operating expenses:
Cost of salesCost of sales1,275 1,216 3,927 4,328 Cost of sales1,316 1,384 2,566 2,652 
Research and developmentResearch and development28,091 33,869 85,345 86,489 Research and development32,825 28,232 60,945 57,254 
Selling, general and administrativeSelling, general and administrative30,533 26,523 90,071 79,630 Selling, general and administrative37,813 30,029 75,362 59,538 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses59,899 61,608 179,343 170,447 Total operating expenses71,954 59,645 138,873 119,444 
Income from operationsIncome from operations36,232 24,719 87,813 97,692 Income from operations31,432 31,943 58,201 51,581 
Interest and other incomeInterest and other income72 622 457 3,103 Interest and other income630 110 710 385 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes36,304 25,341 88,270 100,795 Income before income taxes32,062 32,053 58,911 51,966 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense(5,833)(3,716)(7,811)(20,778)Income tax expense(4,650)(5,530)(8,702)(1,978)
Net incomeNet income30,471 21,625 80,459 80,017 Net income27,412 26,523 50,209 49,988 
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax effect of $8, $109, $85 and $(81), respectively(23)(347)(265)259 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss), net of tax(77)84 (35)57 
Total comprehensive income$30,371 $21,362 $80,159 $80,333 
Basic net income per share$0.26 $0.19 $0.69 $0.70 
Net income attributable to common stockholdersNet income attributable to common stockholders27,398 26,523 50,196 49,988 
Diluted net income per share$0.24 $0.17 $0.63 $0.65 
Basic net income per common shareBasic net income per common share$0.26 $0.23 $0.47 $0.43 
Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net income per share
Diluted net income per common shareDiluted net income per common share$0.24 $0.21 $0.44 $0.39 
Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net income per common shareWeighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net income per common share
BasicBasic115,791 115,734 116,297 115,107 Basic106,289 116,294 106,151 116,555 
DilutedDiluted125,136 124,464 127,173 123,337 Diluted115,399 126,680 115,222 128,204 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSCOMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20212020
Cash flows from operating activities:  
Net income$80,459 $80,017 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Stock-based compensation32,121 25,109 
Deferred income taxes2,047 11,778 
Amortization of interest income3,805 404 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment783 447 
Non-cash amortization of right-of-use asset1,487 1,228 
Others— 148 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables(310)(2,029)
Inventory2,655 694 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(2,288)(1,882)
Other assets894 (1,562)
Accounts payable(3,961)(988)
Accrued clinical expenses(860)9,055 
Accrued and other liabilities3,138 (4,315)
Operating lease liability(1,505)(1,205)
Net cash provided by operating activities118,465 116,899 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(404)(807)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities308,864 193,418 
Purchases of marketable securities(312,805)(323,094)
Net cash used in investing activities(4,345)(130,483)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of issuance costs13,182 13,240 
Repurchase of common stock(88,485)(275)
Cash paid to satisfy statutory withholding requirement for net settlement of cashless option exercises(20,319)(90)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(95,622)12,875 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents18,498 (709)
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period76,190 31,269 
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period$94,688 $30,560 
Supplemental disclosure:
Cost of shares repurchased for net settlement of cashless option exercises$9,705 $900 
Recognition of right-of-use asset and lease liability$— $775 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Net income27,412 26,523 50,209 49,988 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments, net of tax effect of $149, $16, $472 and $77, respectively(470)(50)(1,489)(242)
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain, net of tax(320)16 (425)42 
Total comprehensive income$26,622 $26,489 $48,295 $49,788 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 20222021
Cash flows from operating activities:  
Net income$50,209 $49,988 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Stock-based compensation21,367 21,169 
Amortization of interest income1,870 2,471 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment404 514 
Deferred income taxes(20,565)(2,061)
Non-cash amortization of right-of-use asset1,066 985 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables(539)(1,422)
Inventory655 1,858 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(5,043)(2,047)
Other assets1,249 860 
Accounts payable680 (1,304)
Accrued research and development expenses1,361 (591)
Accrued and other liabilities(2,921)328 
Long-term accrued income taxes4,572 
Operating lease liability(1,078)(992)
Net cash provided by operating activities53,287 69,761 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(31)(245)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities87,306 244,971 
Purchases of marketable securities(179,571)(223,268)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(92,296)21,458 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of issuance costs1,932 8,786 
Repurchase of common stock— (62,711)
Cash paid to satisfy statutory withholding requirement for net settlement of cashless option exercises(5,194)(18,054)
Net cash used in financing activities(3,262)(71,979)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(42,271)19,240 
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period77,617 76,190 
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period$35,346 $95,430 
Supplemental disclosure:
Cost of shares repurchased for net settlement of cashless option exercises$11,209 $7,704 
Recognition of right-of-use asset and lease liability$2,816 $— 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Treasury StockAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Retained Earnings (Accumulated
Deficit)
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2019114,549 $120 $457,060 $(62,704)$261 $(23,555)$371,182 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options67 — 480 — — — 480 
Purchases of treasury stock(20)— — (275)— — (275)
Stock-based compensation— — 7,988 — — — 7,988 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 49 — 49 
Net income— — — — — 30,065 30,065 
Balance at March 31, 2020114,596 120 465,528 (62,979)310 6,510 409,489 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options1,011 7,638 — — — 7,639 
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(54)— — (835)— — (835)
Stock-based compensation— ��� 8,548 — — — 8,548 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 530 — 530 
Net income— — — — — 28,327 28,327 
Balance at June 30, 2020115,553 121 481,714 (63,814)840 34,837 453,698 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options626 — 6,020 — — — 6,020 
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(11)— — (155)— — (155)
Stock-based compensation— — 8,755 — — — 8,755 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — (263)— (263)
Net income— — — — — 21,625 21,625 
Balance at September 30, 2020116,168 $121 $496,489 $(63,969)$577 $56,462 $489,680 
Balance at December 31, 2020116,735 $122 $516,140 $(75,795)$415 $82,456 $523,338 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options1,832 10,081 — — — 10,083 
Purchases of treasury stock(1,282)— — (33,540)— — (33,540)
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(808)— — (22,520)— — (22,520)
Stock-based compensation— — 10,142 — — — 10,142 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (166)— (166)
Net income— — — — — 23,465 23,465 
Balance at March 31, 2021116,477 124 536,363 (131,855)249 105,921 510,802 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options855 6,660 — — — 6,661 
Purchases of treasury stock(1,365)— — (29,170)— — (29,170)
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(146)— — (3,238)— — (3,238)
Stock-based compensation— — 11,131 — — — 11,131 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (34)— (34)
Net income— — — — — 26,523 26,523 
Balance at June 30, 2021115,821 125 554,154 (164,263)215 132,444 522,675 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options904 6,224 — — — 6,225 
Purchases of treasury stock(1,220)— — (25,775)— — (25,775)
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(202)— — (4,266)— — (4,266)
6

Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Treasury StockAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Retained EarningsTotal
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31, 2020116,735 $122 $516,140 $(75,795)$415 $82,456 $523,338 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of optionsIssuance of common stock upon exercise of options1,832 10,081 — — — 10,083 
Purchases of treasury stockPurchases of treasury stock(1,282)— — (33,540)— — (33,540)
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercisesShares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(808)— — (22,520)— — (22,520)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — 10,999 — — — 10,999 Stock-based compensation— — 10,142 — — — 10,142 
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxOther comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (100)— (100)Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (166)— (166)
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 30,471 30,471 Net income— — — — — 23,465 23,465 
Balance at September 30, 2021115,303 $126 $571,377 $(194,304)$115 $162,915 $540,229 
Balance at March 31, 2021Balance at March 31, 2021116,477 $124 $536,363 $(131,855)$249 $105,921 $510,802 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of optionsIssuance of common stock upon exercise of options855 6,660 — — — 6,661 
Purchases of treasury stockPurchases of treasury stock(1,365)— — (29,170)— — (29,170)
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercisesShares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(146)— — (3,238)— — (3,238)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — 11,131 — — — 11,131 
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxOther comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (34)— (34)
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 26,523 26,523 
Balance at June 30, 2021Balance at June 30, 2021115,821 $125 $554,154 $(164,263)$215 $132,444 $522,675 
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021105,940 $127 $591,349 $(410,411)$(227)$194,968 $375,806 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of optionsIssuance of common stock upon exercise of options586 6,543 — — — 6,544 
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercisesShares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(305)— — (7,037)— — (7,037)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — 10,825 — — — 10,825 
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxOther comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (1,124)— (1,124)
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 22,797 22,797 
Balance at March 31, 2022Balance at March 31, 2022106,221 $128 $608,717 $(417,448)$(1,351)$217,765 $407,811 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options and vesting of restricted stockIssuance of common stock upon exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock873 — 6,597 — — — 6,597 
Shares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercisesShares purchased to satisfy cost and statutory withholding requirements for net settlement of cashless option exercises(436)— — (9,366)— — (9,366)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — 10,662 — — — 10,662 
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxOther comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (790)— (790)
Net incomeNet income— — — — — 27,412 27,412 
Balance at June 30, 2022Balance at June 30, 2022106,658 $128 $625,976 $(426,814)$(2,141)$245,177 $442,326 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
7

CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated is a commercial-stage pharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of medications thatto treat severe endocrine, oncologic, metabolic oncologic and psychiatricneurological disorders by modulating the effecteffects of the hormone cortisol. In 2012, the U.S.United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved Korlym (“mifepristone”) 300 mg tablets, as a once-daily oral medication for the treatment of hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery. We have discovered and patented 4 structurally distinct series of selective cortisol modulators, consisting of more than 1,000 compounds. We are developing compounds from these series as potential treatments for a broad range of serious disorders.
We were incorporated in the State of Delaware in May 1998. Our headquarters are located in Menlo Park, California.
Basis of Presentation
We have prepared the following in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X: (i) condensed consolidated balance sheet as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022 and (ii) condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income and stockholders’ equity for the three- and nine-monthsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 20202021 and (iii) condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-monthsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020.2021. These do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation (which in the applicable periods consist only of normal, recurring adjustments) have been included. Operating results for the three- and nine-monthsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the remainder of 20212022 or any other period. These financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 20202021 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The December 31, 2020 consolidated2021 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements at that date.
There have been no material changes into the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12 (ASC Topic 740), “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” This standard simplifies and clarifies existing guidance, and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2021. The adoption had no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

2. Composition of Certain Balance Sheet Items
Inventory
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Raw materials$— $1,685 
Work in progress13,727 12,916 
Finished goods4,926 6,556 
Total inventory18,653 21,157 
Less strategic inventory classified as non-current(13,659)(16,247)
Total inventory classified as current$4,994 $4,910 
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
 (in thousands)
Work in progress$11,374 $11,450 
Finished goods6,041 6,500 
Total inventory17,415 17,950 
Less strategic inventory classified as non-current(11,978)(12,962)
Total inventory classified as current$5,437 $4,988 
Because we rely on a single manufacturer to produce Korlym’s active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), we have purchased and hold significant quantities of API, includingincluded in our work in progress inventory. We classify inventory we do not expect to sell within 12 months of the balance sheet date as “Strategic Inventory,” a long-term asset. 
8

Property and Equipmentequipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Furniture and equipmentFurniture and equipment$1,093 $810 Furniture and equipment$1,204 $1,157 
SoftwareSoftware1,508 1,485 Software1,508 1,508 
Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements1,261 1,233 Leasehold improvements1,479 1,262 
Total property and equipmentTotal property and equipment3,862 3,528 Total property and equipment4,191 3,927 
Less accumulated depreciation(2,636)(1,853)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation$1,226 $1,675 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortizationLess accumulated depreciation and amortization(3,329)(2,925)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortizationProperty and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization$862 $1,002 
Accrued and other liabilities
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Government rebatesGovernment rebates$11,146 $9,412 Government rebates$12,015 $11,174 
Accrued compensationAccrued compensation10,474 10,144 Accrued compensation8,873 13,339 
Legal feesLegal fees1,351 842 
Accrued selling and marketing costsAccrued selling and marketing costs871 665 Accrued selling and marketing costs1,138 1,351 
Legal fees756 612 
Professional feesProfessional fees544 151 Professional fees744 150 
OtherOther518 202 Other623 809 
Total accrued and other liabilitiesTotal accrued and other liabilities$24,309 $21,186 Total accrued and other liabilities$24,744 $27,665 
Other assets
    As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, other assets included $3.9$1.7 million and $4.8$2.9 million of deposits for clinical trials, respectively.
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3. Available-for-Sale Securities and Fair Value Measurements
The available-for-sale securities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents$73,180 $50,524 Cash equivalents$15,239 $45,088 
Short-term marketable securitiesShort-term marketable securities266,643 364,506 Short-term marketable securities334,740 145,918 
Long-term marketable securitiesLong-term marketable securities133,845 36,196 Long-term marketable securities11,890 112,277 
Total marketable securitiesTotal marketable securities$473,668 $451,226 Total marketable securities$361,869 $303,283 
The following table presents our available-for-sale securities grouped by asset type:
Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value
 (in thousands)  (in thousands)
Corporate bondsCorporate bondsLevel 2$135,204 $15 $(37)$135,182 $96,999 $74 $(9)$97,064 Corporate bondsLevel 2$150,169 $— $(1,380)$148,789 $125,370 $$(276)$125,097 
Commercial paperCommercial paperLevel 2127,395 — — 127,395 139,791 — — 139,791 Commercial paperLevel 296,468 — — 96,468 30,963 — — 30,963 
Asset-backed securitiesAsset-backed securitiesLevel 263,220 (49)63,177 39,243 15 (1)39,257 Asset-backed securitiesLevel 227,733 — (75)27,658 57,801 — (67)57,734 
U.S. treasury securitiesLevel 174,726 (1)74,734 124,461 131 (2)124,590 
U.S. Treasury securitiesU.S. Treasury securitiesLevel 174,161 — (447)73,714 44,473 — (72)44,401 
Money market fundsMoney market fundsLevel 173,180 — — 73,180 50,524 — — 50,524 Money market fundsLevel 115,240 — — 15,240 45,088 — — 45,088 
Total marketable securitiesTotal marketable securities$473,725 $30 $(87)$473,668 $451,018 $220 $(12)$451,226 Total marketable securities$363,771 $— $(1,902)$361,869 $303,695 $$(415)$303,283 
We estimate the fair value of marketable securities classified as Level 1 using quoted market prices for these or identical investments obtained from a commercial pricing service.service for these or identical investments. We estimate the fair value of marketable securities classified as Level 2 using inputs that may include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes and issuer spreads.
We periodically review our debt securities to determine if any of our investments is impaired due to credit-relatedthe issuer’s poor credit or other issues.reasons. If the fair value of our investment in any debt security is less than our amortized cost, basis, we determine whether an allowance for credit losses is appropriate by assessingevaluate quantitative and subjective factors including, but not limited to, the nature of security, changes in credit ratings and analyst reports concerning the security’s issuer and industry, interest rate fluctuations and general market conditions.conditions to determine whether an allowance for credit losses is appropriate.
UnrealizedAs of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, unrealized losses on our available-for-sale debt securities aswere $1.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
None of September 30, 2021 were not material. Accordingly, we have not recorded an allowance for creditour investments, including those with unrealized losses, associated with these investments.
are impaired. Unrealized losses on our investments are due to interest rate fluctuations. We do not intend to sell investments that currently have unrealized losses and it is highly unlikely that we will sell any investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Accordingly, we have not recorded an allowance for credit losses for these investments.
We classified accrued interest on our marketable securities of $1.4$1.7 million and $1.3$1.4 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, as prepaid and other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, all our marketable securities had original maturities of less than two years. The weighted-average maturity of our holdings was eightsix months. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our long-term marketable securities had remaining maturities ranging from 1312 to 2221 months. None of our marketable securities changed from one fair value hierarchy to another during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022.
4. Commitments and Contingencies
There have been no material changes in our obligations under contractual agreements described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
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In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to legal claims and regulatory actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial position. We assess our potential liability in such situations by analyzing potential
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outcomes under various litigation, regulatory and settlement strategies. If we determine a loss is probable and its amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue an amount equal to the estimated loss.
NaN losses and 0 provision for a loss contingency have been recorded to date.
5. Leases
We lease our office facilities in Menlo Park, California. In March 2022, we amended our lease to extend its term from March 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023. As a result of this amendment, we recognized an additional right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.8 million. The right-of-use asset and lease liability recognized equals the present value of the remaining payments due under our amended lease.
As the operating lease for our facilities does not expressly state an interest rate, we calculated the present value of remaining lease payments using a discount rate equal to the interest rate we would pay on a collateralized loan with monthly payments and a term equal to the monthly payments and remaining term of our lease. We recognize operating lease payments as expenses using the straight-line method over the term of the lease.
Operating lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $0.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, compared to $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the comparable periods in 2021.
Our right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands, except weighted average amounts):
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2022202120222021
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities$578 $530 $1,108 $1,044 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations$— $— $2,816 $— 
Weighted-average remaining lease term12 months9 months
Weighted-average discount rate4.0 %4.8 %
As of June 30, 2022, future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
2022 (remainder)$1,157 
20231,157 
Total lease payments2,314 
Less imputed interest(50)
Present value of operating lease liabilities$2,264 
6. Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Option PlansIncentive Award Plan
We have 21 stock option plansplan – the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”) and theCorcept Therapeutics Incorporated 2012 Incentive Award Plan (the “2012 Plan”). In FebruaryDecember 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a 4.74.2 million increase in the shares available for grant under the 2012 Plan.
Stock Options
During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we issued 0.9 million and 3.61.5 million, respectively, shares of our common stock respectively, upon the exercise of stock options. CertainSome option holders exercised their options on a “net exercise” basis, pursuant to which they surrendered to us, and we purchased from them, at the then current market price, enough shares equal in value to cover the associated exercise price and tax withholding requirements arising from the exercise.obligations. During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we purchased 0.20.4 million and 1.20.7 million shares respectively, in connection with such option net exercises. In connection with the shares purchased, during the threeexercises and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we paid $2.3$3.3 million and $20.3$5.2 million, respectively, to satisfy theassociated tax withholding obligations associated with the net-share settlement of these cashless option exercises. We recorded these shares as treasury stock on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, at cost.obligations.
During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, we issued 0.60.9 million and 1.72.7 million, respectively, shares of our common stock upon the exercise of stock options, respectively.
Stock Repurchase Program
In November 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $200 million of our common stock (the “Stock Repurchase Program”). The terms of this program did not require us to acquire any shares and allowed for repurchases by a variety of methods, including open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, accelerated share repurchase transactions or any combination of such methods.
The Stock Repurchase Program expired by its terms on September 30, 2021.
options. During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021, we repurchased 1.2purchased
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0.1 million and 3.91.0 million shares of common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program in open market transactions at an average price of $21.13connection with option net exercises and $22.88 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $25.8paid $1.6 million and $88.5$18.1 million, respectively. Over the term of the Stock Repurchase Program, we repurchased 4.3 million shares at an average price of $22.69 per share and a total cost of $98.2 million.respectively, to satisfy associated tax withholding obligations.
We recorded repurchasedpurchased shares as treasury stock on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at cost. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 20202021, we had 10.922.0 million and 5.321.3 million treasury shares outstanding, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we granted employees 0.2 million RSUs with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $19.34 per share. No RSUs were granted during the three months ended June 30, 2022.
Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”)
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we granted employees 0.1 million RSAs with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $22.58 per share. RSAs include voting and dividend rights and are therefore “participating” shares for the purpose of calculating basic and diluted net income per share. See “Note 7” below. No RSAs vested during the periods.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
In February 2022, we adopted an ESPP that allows employees to set aside, by means of payroll deductions, up to 10 percent of their annual cash compensation for the purchase of our common stock. Shares are issued to participating employees from the 2012 Plan on March 1st and September 1st of each year (or, if those dates fall on holidays or weekends, on the first business day thereafter) at the then-current fair market value of our stock, as determined at the close of trading on those days. Payroll deductions for participating employees began April 1, 2022, and the first purchase under the plan will take place on September 1, 2022.
For each purchased share held for one year, the purchasing employee will receive one matching share, also issued from the 2012 Plan, net of any applicable tax withholding. There is no vesting requirement with respect to shares issued pursuant to the ESPP. Shares purchased pursuant to the ESPP as well as any matching shares issued upon satisfaction of the one-year holding requirement may be held, sold or otherwise transferred at the employee’s sole discretion.
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and awards of restricted stock is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized, net of forfeitures, as expense over the remaining requisite service period on a straight-line basis.
The Company values restricted stock at the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation by account:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventoryStock-based compensation capitalized in inventory$47 $53 $151 $182 Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventory$56 $63 $120 $104 
Cost of salesCost of sales12 13 38 51 Cost of sales14 16 30 26 
Research and developmentResearch and development3,434 2,958 10,764 8,357 Research and development3,186 3,825 6,557 7,330 
Selling, general and administrativeSelling, general and administrative7,506 5,731 21,319 16,701 Selling, general and administrative7,406 7,227 14,780 13,813 
Total stock-based compensationTotal stock-based compensation$10,999 $8,755 $32,272 $25,291 Total stock-based compensation$10,662 $11,131 $21,487 $21,273 

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6.7. Net Income Per Share
We compute our basic and diluted net income per share in conformity with the two-class method required for companies with participating shares. Under the two-class method, net income is determined by allocating net income between common stock and unvested RSAs. We compute basic net income per share by dividing our net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. We compute diluted net income per share by dividing our net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including potentially dilutive shares.stock options and unvested RSUs, less unvested RSAs. We useduse the treasury stock method to determine the number of dilutive shares of common stock resulting from the potential exercise of stock options.options and unvested RSUs.
The following table shows the computation of net income per share for each period:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
Numerator:  
Net income$30,471 $21,625 $80,459 $80,017 
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net income per share115,791 115,734 116,297 115,107 
Dilutive effect of employee stock options9,345 8,730 10,876 8,230 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net income per share125,136 124,464 127,173 123,337 
Net income per share
Basic$0.26 $0.19 $0.69 $0.70 
Diluted$0.24 $0.17 $0.63 $0.65 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:  
Net income attributable to common stockholders$27,398 $26,523 $50,196 $49,988 
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net income per common share106,289 116,294 106,151 116,555 
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and unvested RSUs9,110 10,386 9,071 11,649 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net income per common share115,399 126,680 115,222 128,204 
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic$0.26 $0.23 $0.47 $0.43 
Diluted$0.24 $0.21 $0.44 $0.39 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2022, we had 25.4 million stock options, 0.2 million RSUs and 0.1 million RSAs outstanding. As of June 30, 2021, and 2020, we had 25.5 million and 26.0 million stock options outstanding respectively.and no outstanding RSUs or RSAs.
Because including them would have reduced dilution, weWe excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, 5.3 million and 4.1 million stock options outstanding, on a weighted-average basis, 7.8 million and 7.3 million stock options and unvested RSUs outstanding during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, and 10.54.6 million and 12.73.5 million stock options outstanding during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, respectively.2021, respectively, because including them would have reduced dilution.
7.8. Income Taxes
We recorded income tax expense of $5.8$4.7 million and $7.8$8.7 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively. In the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, respectively,2021, our income tax expense was $3.7$5.5 million and $20.8 million.$2.0 million, respectively. The increasedecrease in income tax expense during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 was primarily due to increased net incomeresearch credits generated as compared to the corresponding period in 2020.2021. The decreaseincrease in income tax expense during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 was primarily due to increased income before income taxes and decreased excess tax deductions from stock-based compensation as compared to the corresponding period in 2020 was primarily due to increased excess tax benefits for stock option exercises.2021.
Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate due to state income taxes and the non-deductible portion of our stock-based compensation, which increased our tax expense, offset by tax benefits for research and development tax credits and the excess tax deduction arising from the exercise of employee stock options, which reduced our taxable income.
During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, unrecognized tax benefits increased by $0.6 million and $1.4$1.0 million, respectively. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $7.2$8.1 million that, if recognized, would affectreduce the Company’s effective tax rate and approximately $1.8$2.1 million of unrecognized tax benefits that would not impactreduce the effective tax rate, asbecause they would be offset by a corresponding changean increase in the valuation allowance.
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Each quarter, we assess the likelihood that we will generate sufficient taxable income to make use of our federal and state deferred tax assets. If we believe that recoveryuse of these deferred tax assets is not more likely than not, we establish a valuation allowance offsetting such assetsthem on our balance sheet. SignificantBecause it requires us to estimate our future taxable income, significant judgment is required in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. We consider all available evidence, including our recent operating results and our forecasts of future taxable income. Other thanExcept for the valuation allowances againstthat offsets the value of our California net deferred tax assets, we have determined that it is more likely than not we will realize the benefit related to all otherour deferred tax assets. To the extent we increase a valuation allowance, we will include an expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period in which such determination is made.
Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the right to deduct research and development expenditures for tax purposes in the period the expenses were incurred and instead requires all U.S. and foreign research and development expenditures to be amortized over five and fifteen tax years, respectively. Although Congress is considering legislation that would defer the amortization requirement to later years, it is not certain that the provision will be repealed or otherwise modified. As of June 30, 2022, the requirement has not been modified. Accordingly, we make that determination.have capitalized our research and development expenses, resulting in significantly higher cash paid for taxes as compared to prior years.
9. Subsequent Events
On August 1, 2022, we amended the pharmaceutical manufacturer services agreement between us and Optime Care, Inc. (“Optime”), dated as of August 4, 2017 (the “Optime Agreement”), to extend its term to September 30, 2022.
The material terms of the Optime Agreement are described in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on August 7, 2017, as qualified by reference to the original agreement, a copy of which was filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 2, 2017.
On August 2, 2022, we entered into a distribution and services agreement (the “Agreement”) with Orsini Pharmaceutical Services, LLC (“Orsini”) under the terms of which, subject to certain exceptions, Orsini will act as the exclusive specialty pharmacy dispensing Korlym in the United States. Pursuant to the Agreement, Orsini will provide services related to pharmacy operations; patient intake, access and reimbursement; patient support; shipping, claims management and accounts receivable; and reporting. The Agreement's initial term ends August 31, 2027, unless earlier terminated.
The Agreement contains customary termination provisions, representations, warranties and covenants. Subject to certain limitations, we will indemnify Orsini for third-party claims related to Korlym. Each party will indemnify the other for certain breaches of representations, warranties, covenants and other specified matters. The Agreement may be extended by the mutual written agreement of the parties.
The foregoing description of the Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Agreement, which will be filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2022.
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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand our results of operations and financial condition and is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to financial statements, risk factors and other disclosures included in this Form 10-Q. Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”).
We make statements in this section that are forward-looking statements“forward-looking” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. For a complete discussion of such forward-looking statements and the potential risks and uncertainties that may affect their accuracy, see the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-Q and the “Overview” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections of this MD&A.
Overview
We are a commercial-stage company engaged in the discovery and development of drugs thatto treat severe endocrine, oncologic, metabolic oncologic and psychiatricneurological disorders by modulating the effects of the hormone cortisol. Since 2012, we have marketed Korlym (mifepristone) for the treatment of patients suffering from Cushing’s syndrome. Our portfolio of proprietary selective cortisol modulators consists of four structurally distinct series totaling more than 1,000 compounds.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Korlym. We sell Korlym in the United States, using experienced clinical sales representatives to call on physicians caring for patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism). Because many people who suffer from Cushing’s syndrome are undiagnosed or inadequately treated, we have developed and continue to refine and expand programs to educate physicians and patients about screening for hypercortisolism and the role Korlym can play in treating patients with the disorder. We also have a field-based force of medical science liaisons.
We use one specialty pharmacy and one specialty distributor to distribute Korlym and provide logistical support to physicians and patients. Our policy is that no patient with Cushing’s syndrome will be denied access to Korlym for financial reasons. To help us achieve that goal, we fund our own patient support programs and donate money to independent charitable foundations that help patients pay for all aspects of their Cushing’s syndrome care, whether or not that care includes taking Korlym.
We hold patents listed in the United States Food and Drug Administration’s (“FDA’s”) Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (the “Orange Book”) covering uses of Korlym in the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome, with additional patent applications that may be suitable for listing in the Orange Book under review by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Our Orange Book patents have expiration dates ranging from 2028 to 2038.
Relacorilant. We are conducting two Phase 3 trials (named GRACE and GRADIENT) of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulator, relacorilant, as a treatment for patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Relacorilant was well-tolerated in its Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials. Patients in the Phase 2 trial exhibited meaningful improvements in glucose control, hypertension, weight, loss, liver function, coagulopathy, cognition, mood, insulin resistance and quality of life measures. Relacorilant shares Korlym’s affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor (“GR”), but, unlike Korlym, has no affinity for the progesterone receptor (“PR”), and so is not the “abortion pill” and does not cause theother effects associated with PR affinity, including endometrial thickening and vaginal bleeding. Relacorilant also does not appear to cause hypokalemia (low potassium), a potentially serious adverse eventcondition that is a leading cause of patients stopping treatment with Korlym. Forty-four percent of patients in Korlym’s pivotal trial experienced hypokalemia.
In the GRACE has a planned enrollment of 130 patients with any etiology of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome at sites in the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. Eachtrial, each patient in GRACE receives relacorilant for 22 weeks. Patients who exhibit pre-specified improvements in hypertension and/or glucose metabolism enter a 12-week, double-blind, “randomized withdrawal” phase, in which half of the patients continue receiving relacorilant and half receive placebo. The trial’s primary endpoint is the rate and degree of relapse in patients receiving placebo measured against the rate and degree of relapse in those continuing relacorilant. GRACE has a planned enrollment of 130 patients with Cushing’s syndrome at sites in the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. If successful, we expect GRACE to provide the basis for a new drug application (“NDA”) for relacorilant as a treatment for patients with any etiology of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.
Our second Phase 3 trial of relacorilant, GRADIENT, is studying patients whose Cushing’s syndrome is caused by a benign adrenal tumor. These patients often exhibit less severe symptoms or have a more gradual course of disease than patients with other etiologies of Cushing’s syndrome, although their health outcomes are ultimately poor. Half of the patients in
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GRADIENT will receive relacorilant for 26 weeks and half will receive placebo. The trial’s primary endpoints are improvementimprovements in glucose metabolism and hypertension. The planned enrollment for this study is 130 patients. Many of the clinical sites in GRACE are also participating in GRADIENT.
The FDAUnited States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and the European Commission (“EC”) have designated relacorilant as an orphan drug for the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. In the United States, relacorilant’s orphan designation
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confers tax credits, reduced regulatory fees and, provided we obtain approval for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome, seven years of exclusive marketing rights. Benefits of orphan drug designation by the EC are similar, but also include protocol assistance from the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), access to the centralized marketing authorization procedure in the European Union (“EU”) and, if we obtain approval, ten years of exclusive marketing rights in the EU for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome.
Oncology
Many types of solid tumors express GR and are potential targets for cortisol modulation therapy, among them ovarian, pancreatic, adrenocortical and castration-resistant prostate cancer. There is substantial in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence that cortisol activity at the GR reduces the efficacy of certain anti-cancer therapies and that modulating cortisol’s activity allows certain types of solid tumors to resist treatment.may help anti-cancer treatments achieve their intended effect. In some cancers, cortisol activity promotes tumor growth. In other cancers, cortisol retards cellular apoptosis – the tumor-killing effect many treatments are meant to stimulate. In other cancers, cortisol activity promotes tumor growth. Cortisol also suppresses the body’s immune response; activating not suppressing the immune system is beneficial in fighting certain cancers. Modulating cortisol’s activity may help existing anti-cancer treatments achieve their intended effect.Many types of solid tumors express the GR and are potential targets for cortisol modulation therapy, among them ovarian, adrenal and prostate cancer.
Relacorilant in Patients with Solid TumorsAdvanced Ovarian Cancer. In May 2021, we announced preliminary results from our 178-patient, controlled, multi-center, Phase 2 trial of relacorilant combined with nab-paclitaxel in patients with platinum resistantplatinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Study participants were randomized to one of three treatment arms: 60 women received 150 mg of relacorilant intermittently (the day before, the day of and the day after their weekly nab-paclitaxel infusion) and 58 women received a daily relacorilant dose of 100 mg per day with titration to 150 mg per day permitted at the investigator’s discretion, in addition to nab-paclitaxel. Sixty women received nab-paclitaxel alone. The trial’s primary endpoint was progression-free survival (“PFS”(i.e., the time from random assignment in a clinical trial to disease progression or death from any cause or “PFS”).
Patients in both of the relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel treatment arms experienced longer PFS than did the patients who received nab-paclitaxel alone. Patients who received a higher dose of relacorilant intermittently exhibited a statistically significant improvement in median PFS (5.6 months versus 3.8 months, hazard ratio: 0.66; p-value: <0.05)0.038). Patients who received a lower dose of relacorilant daily exhibited a median PFS that was 1.5 months longer than did the patients who received nab-paclitaxel alone (5.3 months versus 3.8 months, hazard ratio: 0.83; p-value: not significant). Patients who received relacorilant intermittently also had a longer median duration of response (“DoR”) (5.6 months versus 3.7 months, hazard ratio: 0.36; p-value: 0.006) compared to those who received nab-paclitaxel alone. While the
In March 2022, we announced overall survival (“OS”) data from this trial. OS was only 63% mature atassessed after a pre-determined number of patient deaths had occurred. At the time of database cutoff, 128 of the database cut-off (March 2021),178 patients who enrolled in the womenstudy had died. Patients who received relacorilant intermittently exhibited a median OS of 12.9lived longer (median OS: 13.9 months versus 10.412.2 months, forhazard ratio: 0.67; p-value: 0.066) compared to those who received nab-paclitaxel alone (hazard ratio: 0.63; p-value: 0.12). We expect updated overall survival data from the Phase 2 trial in the first quarter of 2022. alone.
Safety and tolerability of relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel waswere comparable to nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. Based on these positive results,
In June 2022, we plan to initiatebegan a pivotal Phase 3 trial (“ROSELLA”). ROSELLA has a planned enrollment of 360 women with recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, randomized 1:1 to receive either relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. The primary endpoint is PFS, with overall survival as a key secondary endpoint. Patients in ROSELLA will have received prior bevacizumab therapy, which is the standard of care in the first quarterUnited States for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Women with a history of 2022.tumors that do not respond to initial platinum-based treatments (i.e., women with “primary platinum-refractory” disease) and those who have received more than three prior lines of therapy will be excluded.
In our Phase 2 trial, women who met the entry criteria for ROSELLA and received relacorilant intermittently experienced significantly improved PFS (median: 7.3 months versus 3.7 months, hazard ratio: 0.40; p-value: 0.005) and OS (median: 17.9 months versus 12.6 months, hazard ratio: 0.38; p-value: 0.011) relative to patients in the comparator arm. The patients in the intermittent arm also experienced a significant improvement in DoR relative to those in the comparator arm (median: 5.6 months versus 3.1 months, hazard ratio: 0.29; p-value: 0.016).
Relacorilant in Patients with Adrenal Cancer with Cortisol Excess.We are also conducting an open-label, Phase 1b trial of relacorilant plus the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in 20 patients with metastatic or unresectable adrenal cancer with cortisol excess.whose tumors produce cortisol. The trial is examining whether adding relacorilant to pembrolizumab therapy reduces cortisol-activated immune suppression sufficiently to help pembrolizumab achieve its intended tumor-killing effect, while relacorilant treatseffect. Relacorilant is also expected to treat the patients’ Cushing’s syndrome causedgenerated by their tumors’ excess cortisol activity.production of cortisol.
Exicorilant and Relacorilant in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (“CRPC”). Androgen deprivation is the standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer because androgens stimulate prostate tumor growth. Tumors often escape androgen deprivation therapy when cortisol’s activity at the GR supplants androgen’s activity at the androgren receptor in stimulating tumor growth. Combining a cortisol modulator with an androgen modulator may block this escape route. We are conductinghave
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completed a dose-finding trial of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulator exicorilant in combination with enzalutamide in patients with metastatic CRPC. Investigators at the University of Chicago are conductingalso completed a dose-finding trial of relacorilant combined with enzalutamide in the same patient population. This program will proceed as a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial of relacorilant plus enzalutamide in patients with prostate cancer in collaboration with the University of Chicago.
Metabolic Diseases
Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain (“AIWG”). In the United States, six million people take antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine and risperidone to treat illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. While these drugs are very effective, they often cause rapid and sustained weight gain, other metabolic disturbances and, ultimately, cardiovascular disease. Patients taking these medications experience a 10 to 25-year reduction in life expectancy, due in large partlargely to increased cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes. We are studying our selective cortisol modulator miricorilant as a potential treatment for AIWG.
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In 2020, we completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1b trial, in which 96 healthy subjects received daily doses of the antipsychotic medication olanzapine (10 mg) and either miricorilant (600 mg or 900 mg) or placebo for 14 days. Study participants who received miricorilant gained less weight than subjects receiving placebo. In addition, markers of liver damage that rise temporarily at the start of olanzapine therapy increased less sharply in subjects receiving miricorilant. The results of this study were published in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (Hunt et al., 2021) and are consistent with the findings of similar studies we conducted in healthy volunteers using mifepristone (published in Advances in Therapy and Obesity in 2009 and 2010).
Based on these positive results in healthy subjects and compelling pre-clinical data, we are conducting two double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 trials of miricorilant – GRATITUDE and GRATITUDE II.
GRATITUDE is evaluating whether a daily dose of miricorilant (600 mg) can reverse recent AIWG. Study participants receive their established antipsychotic medication plus either miricorilant or placebo for 12 weeks. GRATITUDE has planned enrollment of 100enrolled patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and is being conducted at 30 sites in the United States.
GRATITUDE II is evaluating whether a daily dose of miricorilant can reverse long-standing AIWG. Study participants receive their established antipsychotic medication plus either miricorilant (600 mg or 900 mg daily) or placebo for 26 weeks. GRATITUDE II has planned enrollment of 150enrolled patients with schizophrenia and is being conducted at 35 centerssites in the United States.
The primary endpoint in both the GRATITUDE and GRATITUDE II trials is the change in body weight from baseline, relative to placebo. We are also measuring other important metabolic endpoints. In both trials, the last patients have completed their course of treatment. Data is expected by the end of 2022.
Liver Disease. We are also studying miricorilant as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In April 2021, we suspended our Phase 2a trial after observing elevated liver enzymes, as well as large, rapid reductions in liver fat, in four of the five patients who had received miricorilant, which resolvedmiricorilant. Liver enzyme levels in all affected patients returned to baseline or below baseline after miricorilant was withdrawn. The patients with elevated liver enzymes exhibited large, rapid reductions in liver fat. We have initiatedare conducting a Phase 1b dose-finding trial in patients with presumed NASH to see if an alternative miricorilant dosing regimen can capture this benefitreduce liver fat without causing excessive liver irritation.
Continued Discovery and DevelopmentAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (“ALS”)
OurWe are initiating a Phase 2 trial of our selective cortisol modulator CORT113176, whichdazucorilant (the “DAZALS” trial) in patients with ALS. DAZALS has shown promise in animal modelsa planned enrollment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”), has completed its Phase 198 patients, randomized 1:1:1 trial. We plan to advance it to Phase 2 as a potential treatmentreceive either 150 mg or 300 mg of dazucorilant or placebo daily for that disease. In addition, we continue to identify selective cortisol modulators24 weeks. The primary endpoints are ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) total score and plan to advance the most promising of them towards the clinic.safety.
COVID-19 Pandemic
Much of the world is subject to varying degrees of pandemic-related public health restrictions,has been impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic, including California, where we are headquartered, and in the statesjurisdictions where our vendors are located and where we sell Korlym and where we conduct clinical trials. Most
Public health restrictions put in place to reduce the impact of our third-party manufacturers, distributors (including the specialty pharmacy that dispenses Korlym), information technology service providers, law and accounting firms, clinical research organizations and others are also subject to pandemic-related restrictions.
These restrictions,COVID-19, as well as measures voluntarily undertaken by patients, physicians, hospitals and medical clinics, have reduced our revenue and make it difficult to grow our Korlym business. Many physicians have reduced the frequency of patient office visits and have barred visits by third parties, including our clinical specialists and medical science liaisons. Many patients have postponed visits to their physicians or the clinical laboratories or imaging centers that are essential for optimal care. These restrictions have made it more difficult for physicians to identify patients who may benefit from Korlym, begin their treatment, titrate to an optimum dose and maintain their patients’ regimens.
The pandemic’s impact on the pace of our clinical development programs has been variable. Our trials of indications not considered immediately life-threatening, such as Cushing’s syndrome CRPC and AIWG have experienced slower enrollment. In addition, some clinical sites have stopped enrolling new patients or have reduced the frequency with which physicians see study participants. Some sites have suspended or halted the initiation of new clinical trials. Our trials in patients with immediately life-threatening diseases, such as advanced pancreatic andour Phase 2 trial in women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, did not encounter delays.
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We expect that pandemic-related impediments to our business will continue so long as there are COVID-19 public health restrictions andand/or risk-reducing behavior by physicians and patients in the locations where we do business and conduct our clinical trials.patients.
Please see the risk factor under Item 1A of this Quarterly Report, “The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected and is continuing to adversely affect our business. Other public health emergencies, natural disasters, terrorism or other
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catastrophes could disrupt our activities and render our own or our vendors’ facilities and equipment inoperable or inaccessible and require us to curtail or cease operations.”
Results of Operations
Net Product Revenue Net product revenue is gross product revenue from sales to our customers less deductions for estimated government rebates and chargebacks.
Net product revenue was $96.1$103.4 million and $267.2$197.1 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, compared to $86.3$91.6 million and $268.1$171.0 million for the comparable periods in 2020. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, higher2021. Higher sales volume accounted for 60.7%76.0 percent and 63.7 percent of the increase as we shipped Korlym to more patients. An increaseincreases, respectively. Increases in the average price of Korlym due to a price increase effective March 1, 2021, accounted for the remaining growth. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the decrease in net product revenue wasgrowth due to lower sales volume, partially offset by an increase in the Korlym’s average price. The decrease in tablet shipments was primarily due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business in the three months endedprice increases effective January 1, 2022 and March 31,1, 2021.
Cost of sales Cost of sales includes the cost of API, tableting, packaging, personnel, overhead, stability testing and distribution.
Cost of sales was $1.3 million and $3.9$2.6 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, compared to $1.2$1.4 million and $4.3$2.7 million for the comparable periods in 2020.2021. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue was 1.3 percent and 1.5 percent for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, compared to 1.41.5 percent and 1.6 percent for the comparable periods in 2020.2021. The decreasedecreases in cost of sales as a percentage of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 waswere due to reduced manufacturing costs.
Research and development expensesexpense – Research and development expenses includeexpense includes the cost of (1) recruiting and compensating development personnel, (2) clinical trials, (3) drug product and preclinical studies in support of clinical trials and regulatory submissions, (4) discovery research and (5) the development of drug formulations and manufacturing processes.
Research and development expense was $28.1$32.8 million and $85.3$60.9 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, compared to $33.9$28.2 million and $86.5$57.3 million for the comparable periodperiods in 2020.2021. The decreasesincreases were primarily due to a decline in spending on our oncology program due to timing and completion of patient enrollments in our clinical trials. The decreases were partially offset by increased spending on the advancement of our pre-clinicaldevelopment programs and on theemployee compensation of development personnel.expenses.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2021
2020(1)
2021
2020(1)
2022202120222021
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Development programs:Development programs:  Development programs:  
OncologyOncology$4,521 $9,375 $12,549 $27,712 Oncology$3,807 $2,069 $7,630 $8,028 
Cushing’s syndromeCushing’s syndrome5,779 6,827 21,893 19,011 Cushing’s syndrome9,084 8,480 16,191 16,114 
Metabolic diseasesMetabolic diseases5,009 7,823 16,129 15,399 Metabolic diseases5,764 5,169 11,141 11,120 
Pre-clinical and early-stage selective cortisol modulatorsPre-clinical and early-stage selective cortisol modulators6,379 5,071 16,736 10,645 Pre-clinical and early-stage selective cortisol modulators5,811 6,261 11,117 10,357 
Unallocated activities, including manufacturing and regulatory activitiesUnallocated activities, including manufacturing and regulatory activities2,969 1,815 7,274 5,365 Unallocated activities, including manufacturing and regulatory activities5,173 2,428 8,309 4,305 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation3,434 2,958 10,764 8,357 Stock-based compensation3,186 3,825 6,557 7,330 
Total research and development expenseTotal research and development expense$28,091 $33,869 $85,345 $86,489 Total research and development expense$32,825 $28,232 $60,945 $57,254 
(1) Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 previously allocated to oncology and endocrinology were re-allocated between Cushing's syndrome, metabolic diseases and pre-clinical development programs.
It is difficult to predict the timing and cost of development activities, which are subject to many uncertainties and risks, including inconclusive or negative results, slow patient enrollment, adverse side effects and difficulties in the formulation or manufacture of study drugs and lack of drug-candidate efficacy. In addition, clinical development is subject to government oversight and regulations that may change without notice. We expect our research and development expense to be higher in 2022 than in 2021 to be
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approximately the same as our research and development expense in 2020.clinical programs advance. Research and development spending in future years will depend on the outcome of our pre-clinical and clinical trials and our development plans.
Selling, general and administrative expensesexpense - Selling, general and administrative expenses includeexpense includes (1) compensation of employees, consultants and contractors engaged in commercial and administrative activities, (2) the cost of vendors supporting commercial activities and (3) legal and accounting fees.
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Selling, general and administrative expense was $30.5$37.8 million and $90.1$75.4 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, compared to $26.5$30.0 million and $79.6$59.5 million for the comparable periods in 2020.2021. The increases were primarily due to increased employee compensation expenses and sales and marketing expenses.legal fees.
We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses in 2021expense to be higher in 2022 than in 20202021 due to increased commercial and administrative activities, including litigation and administrative support for increased research and development. development and marketing efforts.
Interest and other income - Interest and other income was $0.1$0.6 million and $0.5$0.7 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, compared to $0.6$0.1 million and $3.1$0.4 million for the comparable periods in 2020.2021. The decreases in interest and other incomeincreases were due to market wide reductionsa higher cash and investments balance and market-wide increases in interest rates.
Income tax expense - We recorded incomeIncome tax expense of $5.8was $4.7 million and $7.8$8.7 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, compared to $3.7income tax expense of $5.5 million and $20.8$2.0 million for the comparable periods in 2020.2021. The increasedecrease in income tax expense during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 was primarily due to an increase in net incomeincreased research credits generated as compared to the corresponding period in 2020.2021. The decreaseincrease in income tax expense during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 was primarily due to increased income before income taxes and decreased excess tax benefits for stock option exercises,deductions from stock-based compensation year to date as compared to the corresponding period in 2020.2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since 2015, we have relied on revenues from the sale of Korlym to fund our operations.
Based on our current plans and expectations, we expect to fund our operations and planned research and development activities over the next 12 months and beyond without needing to raise additional funds, although we may choose to raise additional funds for other reasons. If we were to raise funds, equity financing would be dilutive, debt financing could involve restrictive covenants and funds raised through collaborations with other companies may require us to relinquish certain rights in our product candidates.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $495.2$382.0 million, consisting of cash and cash equivalents of $94.7$35.3 million and marketable securities of $400.5$346.6 million, compared to cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $476.9$335.8 million, consisting of cash and cash equivalents of $76.2$77.6 million and marketable securities of $400.7$258.2 million as of December 31, 2020.2021.
The cash in our bank accounts and our marketable securities could be affectedreduced or our access to them restricted if the financial institutions holding them were to fail or severely adverse conditions were to arise in the markets for public or private debt securities. We have never experienced a loss or lack of access to cash.cash or material realized losses.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $118.5$53.3 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, compared to $116.9$69.8 million for the comparable period in 2020. The increase2021. This decrease was primarily due to higher netdeferred income as a resulttaxes resulting from the capitalization of lower income tax expense.research and development costs.
Net cash used inby investing activities was $4.3$92.3 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, compared to $130.5net cash provided by investing activities of $21.5 million for the comparable period in 2020.2021. The change in net cash from investing activities was primarily due to our useallocation of cash forgenerated from our operating activities towards marketable securities rather than share repurchases.
Net cash used in financing activities (specifically,was $3.3 million for the repurchase of our common stock) instead of increasing our investmentsix months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $72.0 million for the comparable period in marketable securities.
2021. In the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we spent $108.8$5.2 million acquiring shares of our common stock in connection with the net exercise of employee and executive stock options, offset by $1.9 million received from the exercise of stock options. In the comparable period in 2021, we spent $80.8 million acquiring shares of our common stock ($88.562.7 million pursuant to our Stock RepurchasePurchase Program that expired on September 30, 2021 and $20.3$18.1 million in connection with the net exercise of employee and director stock options), offset by $13.2$8.8 million received from the exercise of stock options, resulting in net cash used in financing activities of $95.6 million. In the comparable period in 2020, we spent $0.3 million to acquire from our Chief Executive Officer shares of our common stock at the then-current market price to provide him with liquidity to satisfy the tax liability arising from his net exercise in 2019 of stock options, offset by $13.2 million received from the exercise of stock options, resulting in net cash provided by financing activities of $12.9 million.options.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we had retained earnings of $162.9$245.2 million.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our contractual payment obligations and purchase commitments are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. Our payment obligations and purchase commitments did not change materially during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022. See Note 4 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding our purchase commitments.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amount of assets, liabilities and expenses we report. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions we believe to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from our estimates. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.2021. There were no changes that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our critical accounting policies and estimates.
ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our market risks as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The market risks associated with our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, which consist entirely of debt instruments with original maturities of less than 24 months, did not change materially during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022.
ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the officers who certify our financial reports and to the members of the Company’s senior management and board of directors as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in internal control over financial reportingDuring the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we completed the implementation of an enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system, which we expect will improve the efficiency of certain financial and related transactional processes. We have changed our internal controls so that they continue to operate effectively following the ERP implementation. Our Chief Financial Officer and other members of management have evaluated the changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and concluded that there was no change during the quarter that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Teva ANDA Litigation
In February 2018, we received a Paragraph IV Notice Letter advising that Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva”) had submitted an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) to the FDA seeking authorization to manufacture use orand sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States prior to the expiration of patents related to Korlym that are listed in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (the “Orange Book”). Teva’s February 5, 2018 Notice Letter alleged that our patents would not be infringed by Teva’s proposed product, were invalid and/or were unenforceable. On March 15, 2018, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S.United States District Court for the District of New Jersey against Teva for infringement of our patents. On October 12, 2018, Teva received tentative approval from the FDA for its ANDA. In accordance with the Hatch-Waxman Act, however, as a result of filing a timely lawsuit against Teva, FDA final approval of Teva’s ANDA was stayed for 30 months, until August 1, 2020.
On July 6, 2018, we filed an amended complaint, and on February 8, 2019, we filed a separate lawsuit against Teva, asserting infringement of several patents, including U.S. Patent No. 10,195,214 (the ʼ“ʼ214 patent”). On December 13, 2019, we filed a third lawsuit against Teva, asserting infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 10,500,216 (the ʼ“ʼ216 patent”). The District Court consolidated our lawsuits against Teva into a single action and set a trial date of February 2, 2021. On September 24, 2020, the Court vacated the February 2, 2021, trial date.which it later vacated. A new trial date has not been set.
Our currentOn May 7, 2019, Teva submitted to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) a petition for post-grant review (“PGR”) of the ’214 patent. On November 20, 2019, the PTAB agreed to initiate the PGR, and on November 19, 2020 issued a decision upholding the validity of the ’214 patent in its entirety. Teva appealed its loss to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals, which on December 7, 2021, ruled in our favor.
The time for Teva to appeal or seek reconsideration of these adverse decisions has passed. This matter is closed.
This lawsuit against Teva currently asserts the ‘214 patent and the ‘216 patent. The parties have completed briefing cross-motions for summary judgment regarding infringement of the ’214 patent.There is no timetable as to when the Court will rule on these motions and there are currently no further calendared dates for the litigation.
On May 7, 2019, Teva submitted to the PTAB a petition for post-grant review (“PGR”) of the ’214 patent. On November 20, 2019, the PTAB agreed to initiate the PGR, and issued a decision upholding the validity of the ’214 patent against all of Teva’s claims on November 19, 2020. On March 12, 2021, Teva appealed its loss to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals. Oral argument in this case was heard October 5, 2021.There is no timetable for the Federal Circuit to issue its decision.
We will vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights relating to Korlym but cannot predict the outcome of these matters.this matter.
Sun ANDA Litigation and Settlement
On June 10, 2019, we received a Paragraph IV Notice Letter advising that Sun Pharma Global FZE, Sun Pharma Global, Inc., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. and Sun Ltd. (collectively, “Sun”) had submitted an ANDA to the FDA seeking authorization to manufacture, use or sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States prior to the expiration of certain of our patents related to Korlym listed in the Orange Book.
On July 22, 2019, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S.United States District Court for the District of New Jersey against Sun for infringement of our patents.On January 23, 2020, we filed an amended complaint against Sun asserting infringement of two additional patents.
On June 9, 2021, we entered into an agreement with Sun resolving this litigation. Pursuant to the agreement, we have granted Sun the right to sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States beginning October 1, 2034 or earlier under circumstances customary for settlement agreements of this type. As required by law, we and Sun have submitted the settlement agreement to the United States Federal Trade Commission and the United States Department of Justice for review.
Hikma ANDA Litigation
On February 1, 2021, we received a Paragraph IV Notice Letter advising that Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. (“Hikma”) had submitted an ANDA to the FDA seeking authorization to manufacture, use or sell a generic version of Korlym in the United States.
The Notice Letter contains Paragraph IV certifications against certain of our patents related to Korlym, alleging that these patents will not be infringed by Hikma’s proposed product, are invalid and/or are unenforceable.
On March 12, 2021, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S.United States District Court for the District of New Jersey against Hikma for infringement of the ’214 patent, the ʼ216 patent, U.S. Patent Nos. 10,842,800 and U.S. Patent Nos. 10,842,801. The 30-month stay of FDA approval of Hikma’s ANDA expires on August 1, 2023. Hikma responded to our complaint on May 17, 2021,
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2021, denying our claims. On July 13, 2021, theThe Court initially entered a schedule for the case setting a fact discovery deadline of July 1, 2022.2022, which deadline it subsequently vacated. A new deadline has not been set.
We intend to vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights relating to Korlym but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
Other mattersMatters
On March 14, 2019, a purported securities class action complaint was filed in the U.S.United States District Court for the Northern District of California by Nicholas Melucci (Melucci v. Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, et al., Case No. 5:19-cv-01372-LHK) (the “Melucci litigation”). The complaint named us and certain of our executive officers as defendants asserting violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and alleges that the defendants made false and materially misleading statements and failed to disclose adverse facts about our business, operations and prospects. The complaint asserts a putative class period extending from August 2, 2017 to February 5, 2019 and seeks unspecified monetary relief, interest and attorneys’ fees. On October 7, 2019, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel. The lead plaintiff’s consolidated complaint was filed on December 6, 2019.
We moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint on January 27, 2020. Rather than oppose our motion to dismiss, on March 20, 2020, the lead plaintiff withdrew its consolidated complaint and filed a second amended complaint. On May 11, 2020, we moved to dismiss the second amended complaint. On November 20, 2020, the Court granted our motion to dismiss, while granting plaintiff leave to file a third amended complaint, which plaintiff did on December 21, 2020. On February 19, 2021, we moved to dismiss this third amended complaint. Plaintiff filed its opposition to our motion on April 20, 2021 and we filed our reply on June 4, 2021.
On August 24, 2021, the Court granted our motion in part, but also denied it in part, which means certainpart. Certain of plaintiff’s claims may proceedhave proceeded to discovery. Discovery is currently scheduled to close in April 2023.
We will respond vigorously to plaintiff’s claims but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
On September 30, 2019, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware by Lauren Williams, captioned Lauren Williams v. G. Leonard Baker, et al., Civil Action No. 1:19-cv-01830. The complaint named our board of directors, Chief Executive Officer and current Chief FinancialBusiness Officer as defendants, and the Companyus as nominal defendant. The complaint alleges breach of fiduciary duty, violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, insider selling, misappropriation of insider information and waste of corporate assets and seeks damages in an amount to be proved at trial. On October 23, 2019, this action was stayed pending a resolution of our motions to dismiss the Melucci litigation. On December 20, 2020, the case was further stayed pending a resolution of the Company’sour motion to dismiss the third amended complaint in the Melucci litigation. TheOn September 30, 2021, the case remains stayed.was further stayed pending a resolution of the Melucci litigation.
We will respond to this complaint vigorously but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
On December 19, 2019, a second purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware by Jeweltex Pension Plan, captioned Jeweltex Pension Plan v. James N. Wilson, et al., Civil Action No. 1:19-cv-02308. The complaint named our board of directors, Chief Executive Officer and current Chief FinancialBusiness Officer as defendants, and the Companyus as nominal defendant. The complaint alleges causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, violation of sectionSection 14(a) of the Exchange Act, waste of corporate assets, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting and gross mismanagement. The complaint seeks damages in an amount to be proved at trial. On April 6, 2020, this action was stayed pending a resolution of our motions to dismiss the Melucci litigation. On December 20, 2020, the case was further stayed pending a resolution of the Company’sour motion to dismiss the third amended complaint in the Melucci litigation. TheOn September 30, 2021, the case remains stayed.was further stayed pending a resolution of the Melucci litigation.
We will respond to this complaint vigorously but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
On January 31, 2022, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery by Joel B. Ritchie, captioned Joel B. Ritchie v. G. Leonard Baker, et al., Case No. 2022-0102-SG. The complaint named our board of directors, Chief Executive Officer, current Chief Business Officer and President of Corcept Endocrinology as defendants, and us as nominal defendant. The complaint alleges a single cause of action for breach of fiduciary duty. The complaint seeks damages in an amount to be proved at trial. On April 20, 2022, the case was further stayed pending a resolution of the Melucci litigation.
We will respond to this complaint vigorously but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
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In November 2021, we received a records subpoena from the ordinary courseUnited States Attorney’s Office for the District of businessNew Jersey (the “NJ USAO”) pursuant to Section 248 of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) seeking information relating to the sale and promotion of Korlym, our relationships with and payments to health care professionals who can prescribe or recommend Korlym and prior authorizations and reimbursement for Korlym. The NJ USAO has informed us that it is investigating whether any criminal or civil violations by us occurred in connection with the matters referenced in the subpoena. It has also informed us that it does not currently consider us a defendant but rather an entity whose conduct is within the scope of the government’s investigation.
In addition to the above-described matters, we are involved from time-to-time in other legal proceedings arising in addition to the matters described above.ordinary course of our business. Although the outcome of any such matters and the amount, if any, of our liability with respect to them cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that they will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial position.
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves significant risks. Before investing, carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this quarterly report, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The risks and uncertainties described below are the ones we believe may materially affect us. Many of them have been or may
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become exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. There may be others of which we are unaware that could materially harm our business or financial condition and cause the price of our stock to decline, in which case you could lose all or part of your investment.
Summary of Principal Risks
The following bullet points summarize the principal risks we face, each of which could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results. For clarity of presentation, we have arranged these risks by the part of our business they most directly affect – (i) commercial operations, (ii) research and development, (iii) capital need and financial results, (iv) intellectual property and (v) our stock price. A sixth group of “general risks” lists risks that affect our business as a whole.
Risks Related to our Commercial Activities
Failure to generate sufficient revenue from the sale of Korlym would harm our financial results and would likely cause our stock price to decline.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected and is continuing to adversely affect our business. Other public health emergencies, natural disasters, terrorism
New laws, government regulations, or other catastropheschanges to existing laws and regulations could disrupt our activities and render our ownmake it difficult or our vendors’ facilities and equipment inoperable or inaccessible and requireimpossible for us to curtailobtain acceptable prices or cease operations.adequate insurance coverage and reimbursement for Korlym, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.
If generic versions of Korlym are approved and successfully commercialized, our business, results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.
If new government regulations or changes to existing regulations make it difficult or impossible for us to obtain acceptable prices or adequate insurance coverage and reimbursement for Korlym, our results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.
Other companies offer or are attempting to develop different medications to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. The availability of competing treatments could limit our revenue from Korlym.
We depend on vendors to manufacture Korlym’s active ingredient, form it into tablets, package it and dispense it to patients. We also depend on vendors to manufacture the API and capsules or tablets for our product candidates. If our suppliers become unable or unwilling to perform these functions and we cannot transfer these activities to replacement vendors in a timely manner, our business will be harmed.
Risks Related to our Research and Development Activities
Our efforts to discover, develop and commercialize our product candidates may not succeed. Clinical drug development is lengthy, expensive and often unsuccessful. Results of early studies and trials are often not predictive of later trial results. Failure can occur at any time.
The COVID-19 pandemic has lengthened the time it takes to initiate and advance some of our clinical trials.
Vendors perform many of the activities necessary to carry out our clinical trials, including drug product distribution, trial management and oversight and data collection and analysis. Failure of these vendors to perform their duties or meet expected timelines may prevent or delay approval of our product candidates.
We may be unable to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our product or product candidates, which would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates.
Our products and product candidates may cause undesirable side effects that halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or cause us significant liability.
Risks Related to our Capital Needs and Financial Results
We may need additional capital to fund our operations or for strategic reasons. Such capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property
To succeed, we must secure, maintain and effectively assert adequate patent protection for the composition and methods of use of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulators and for the use of Korlym to treat Cushing’s syndrome.
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Risks Related to our Stock
The price of our common stock fluctuates widely and is likely to continue to do so. An investor’s abilityOpportunities for investors to sell shares at any particular time may be limited.
Our stock price may decline if one or more of our clinical development efforts fail or if our financial performance does not meet the guidance we have provided to the public, estimates published by research analysts or other investor expectations.
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General Risks
We are subject to government regulation and other legal obligations relating to privacy and data protection. Compliance with these requirements is complex and costly. Failure to comply could materially harm our business.
We may be unable to hire and retain the skilled, experienced people we need to grow our business.
We may be unable to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our product or product candidates.
We rely on information technology systems to conduct our business. A breakdown or breach of theseour information technology systems or our failure to protect confidential information concerning our business, patients or employees could interrupt the operation of our business and subject us to liability.
Risk Factors - Discussion
The following section discusses the principal risks listed above, as well as other risks we believe to be material.
Risks Related to our Commercial Activities
Failure to generate sufficient revenue from the sale of Korlym would harm our financial results and would likely cause our stock price to decline.
Our ability to generate revenue and to fund our commercial operations and development programs is dependent on the sale of Korlym to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Physicians will prescribe Korlym only if they determine that it is preferable to other treatments, even if those treatments are not approved for Cushing’s syndrome. Because Cushing’s syndrome is rare, most physicians are inexperienced diagnosing or caring for patients with the illness and it can be hard to persuade them to identify appropriate patients and treat them with Korlym.
Many factors could limit our Korlym revenue, including:
the preference of some physicians for competing treatments for Cushing’s syndrome, including off-label treatments and generic versions of Korlym, should any such generic versions be introduced;
natural disasters or other catastrophes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that reduce the ability or willingness of physicians to see patients or of patients to bear the risk of leaving their homes to seek medical care; and
lack of availability of government or private insurance, the shift of a significant number of patients to Medicaid, which reimburses Korlym at a significantly lower price, or the introduction of government price controls or other price-reducing regulations.
Failure to generate sufficient Korlym revenue could prevent us from fully funding our planned commercial and clinical activities and would likely cause our stock price to decline.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected and is continuing to adversely affect our business. Other public health emergencies, natural disasters, terrorism or other catastrophes could disrupt our activities and render our own or our vendors’ facilities and equipment inoperable or inaccessible and require us to curtail or cease operations.
COVID-19, a serious and sometimes fatal illness, has spread to every country in the world and throughout the United States. Many countries, including most states of the United States, reacted by instituting quarantines, “lockdowns” and other public health restrictions on leisure activities, work and travel. In California, where our headquarters are located, and in the states where our clinical specialists and medical science liaisons live and work, residents have been subject to significant public health restrictions. We have been managing our business with limited in-person activities, supplemented primarily by video conference, teleconference and email. Although pandemic-related restrictions have been eased or removed in certain geographies,some places, including California, our business remains subject to pandemic-related controls, which may become more restrictive at any time. We rely on third-party manufacturers, distributors (including the specialty pharmacy that dispenses Korlym), information technology and software service providers, law and accounting firms, clinical research organizations and consultants who are subject to, or may become subject to, pandemic-related controls. If these third parties cannot perform the services we require in a timely way and we cannot successfully implement replacements or workarounds, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
COVID-19 has made it difficult to grow our commercial business. Many physicians have reduced the frequency of patient office visits and barred office visits by third parties, including our clinical specialists and medical science liaisons. In addition, many patients have postponed visits to their physicians or testing at clinical laboratories or imaging centers. These
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precautions have made it harder for physicians to identify patients who may benefit from Korlym, begin their treatment, titrate toarrive at an optimum dose and maintain their patients’ regimens.
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We cannot predict the duration of these impacts on our business or how severe future impacts may be.be, including supply-chain disruptions and inflationary impacts. If physicians do not prescribe Korlym to new patients or have difficulty increasing a patient’s Korlym dose to its optimal level, or if patients already receiving Korlym discontinue treatment, our revenue will be unlikely to grow and may decline.
OtherNatural disasters, some possibly related to the increasing effects of climate change, could damage or destroy clinical trial sites, our office spaces, the residences of our employees or the facilities or residences of our vendors, contractors or consultants, which could significantly harm our business, operating resultsoperations.
We are vulnerable to natural disasters, including earthquakes, fires, hurricanes, floods, blizzards and financial condition. Ourthe extended periods of extreme heat, cold and precipitation made more frequent and severe by global warming. For example, our headquarters are in the San Francisco Bay Area, which experiences earthquakes.earthquakes, wildfires and flooding. Our specialty pharmacy, tablet manufacturers and warehouses are in areas subject to hurricanes and tornadoes. Political considerations relatingAll our activities, as well as the activities of our vendors, consultants, clinical investigators, patients, physicians and regulators, are subject to mifepristone put usthe risks posed by global warming.
The loss of life, property damage and disruptions to electrical power distribution, communications, travel and shipping caused by natural disasters could make it difficult or impossible to conduct our manufacturers at increased risk of protests and disruptive events. If a disaster werecommercial activities or complete our drug discovery activities or clinical trials. Patients may be unwilling or unable to occur, we might nottravel to clinical trial sites, for example, or clinical materials or data may be able to operate our business. lost.
Our insurance, if available at all, would likely be insufficient to cover losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions.
If generic versions of Korlym are approved and successfully commercialized, our business, results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.
The marketing exclusivity provided by Korlym’s orphan drug designation expired in February 2019, which means other companies may now seek to introduce generic equivalents of Korlym for the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome,Korlym’s approved indication, provided theysuch parties receive FDA approval and can show that they would not infringe our applicable patents or that those patents are invalid or unenforceable. If our patents are successfully challenged and a generic version of Korlym becomes available, our sales of Korlym tablets and their price could decline rapidly and significantly, which would reduce our revenue and materially harm our results of operations and financial position. Competition from a generic version of Korlym may also cause our revenue to be materially less than the public guidance we have provided, which would likely cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Legal action to enforce or defend intellectual property rights is complex, costly and involves significant commitments of management time. There can be no assurance of a successful outcome. We have sued Teva and Hikma in Federal District Court with respect to their proposed generic versions of Korlym. In November 2020, the PTAB ruled against Teva in a challenge Teva had brought to one of our patents. Teva has appealed its loss topatents, a ruling which the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals.Appeals has affirmed. We had also sued Sun with respect to its proposed generic version of Korlym, although we settled that lawsuit in June 2021. The terms of theour settlement with Sun are subject to customary review by the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice. Legal action to enforce or defend intellectual property rights is complex, costly and involves significant commitments of management time. There can be no assurance of a successful outcome. Please see “Part I,II, Item 3,1, Legal Proceedings.” Because Teva has received FDA approval, Teva may choose to begin marketing its generic product at any time, notwithstanding our ongoing litigation. We would seek a court order stopping such a course of action, but even if we were to prevail (i.e., Teva were to withdraw its product and pay us damages), the temporary availability of a generic version of Korlym might materially harm our results of operations and financial condition.
It is likely that other companies will seek FDA approval to market a generic version of Korlym. While we will vigorously protect our intellectual property, there can be no assurance our efforts will be successful.
Other companies offer or are attempting to develop different medications to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. The availability of competing treatments could limit our revenue from Korlym.
Since 2012, a medication owned by the Italian pharmaceutical company Recordati-S.p.A., the somatostatin analogue Signifor® (pasireotide) Injection, has been marketed in both the United States and the EUEuropean Union (“EU”) for adult patients with Cushing’s disease (a subset of Cushing’s syndrome). On March 6, 2020, the FDA granted Recordati approval to market another cortisol synthesis inhibitor, Isturisa® (osilodrostat) tablets, to treat patients with Cushing’s disease. Osilodrostat is approved in the EU for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Osilodrostat has been designated an orphan drug in both the EU and the United States.
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On December 31, 2021, Xeris Biopharma Holdings, Inc. (“Xeris”) has received orphan drug designation in the United States and the EU for the use ofFDA approval to market the cortisol synthesis inhibitor levoketoconazoleRecorlev® (levoketoconazole) to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome.syndrome in the United States. Levoketoconazole is an enantiomer of the generic anti-fungal medication, ketoconazole, that is prescribed off-label to treat patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Xeris completed two Phase 3 trials, which met their primary endpoints of reducing cortisol synthesis,
Osilodrostat and submitted a new drug application (“NDA”) tolevoketoconazole have been designated orphan drugs in both the FDA on March 2, 2021.
Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is conducting a Phase 1 trial of CRN04894, an oral adrenocorticotrophic hormone antagonist, forEU and the treatment of Cushing’s disease.United States.
New laws, government regulations, or changes to existing laws and regulations could make it difficult or impossible for us to obtain acceptable prices or adequate insurance coverage and reimbursement for Korlym, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.
The commercial success of Korlym depends on the availability of acceptable pricing and adequate insurance coverage and reimbursement. Government payers, including Medicare, Medicaid and the Veterans Administration, as well as private insurers and health maintenance organizations, are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting
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reimbursement for medicines. If government or private payers cease to provide adequate and timely coverage, pricing and reimbursement for Korlym, physicians may not prescribe the medication and patients may not purchase it, even if it is prescribed, or the price we receive may be reduced, which would reduce our revenue.
In many foreign markets, drug prices and the profitability of prescription medications are subject to government control. In the United States, we expect that there will continue to be federal and state proposals for similar controls. Also, the trends toward managed health care in the United States and recent laws and legislation intended to increase the public visibility of drug prices and reduce the cost of government and private insurance programs could significantly influence the purchase of health care services and products and may result in lower prices for Korlym.
In the United States, there have been and continue to be a number of legislative initiatives to contain healthcare costs. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or ACA,(“ACA”) which was passed in 2010, substantially changed the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers. The ACA, among other things, expanded Medicaid program eligibility and access to commercial health insurance coverage, increased the minimum Medicaid rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and extended the rebate program to individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations, established annual fees and taxes on manufacturers of certain branded prescription drugs, and promoted a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program. The ACA also appropriated funding to comparative clinical effectiveness research, although it remains unclear how the research will affect Medicare coverage and reimbursement or how new information will influence other third-party payer policies.
Other legislative and regulatory changes have been adopted in the United States since the ACA was enacted. These changes included an aggregate reduction in Medicare payments to providers of 2 percent per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and will remain in effect through 2030, with the exception of a temporary suspension from May 1, 2020 through DecemberMarch 31, 2021,2022, and a 1 percent reduction from May 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022, unless additional Congressional action is taken. In addition, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, imaging centers and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. In March 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was also signed into law, which, among other things, eliminated the statutory cap on drug manufacturers’ Medicaid Drug Rebate Program rebate liability, effective January 1, 2024. Under current law enacted as part of the ACA, drug manufacturers’ Medicaid Drug Rebate Program rebate liability is capped at 100% of the average manufacturer price for a covered outpatient drug. Moreover, the federal government and the individual states in the United States have become increasingly active in developing proposals, passing legislation and implementing regulations designed to control drug pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, formulary flexibility, marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures.
There also continue to be federal and state initiatives to contain healthcare costs, in part informed by the current atmosphere of mounting criticism of prescription drug costs in the U.S.United States. We expect governmental oversight and scrutiny of pharmaceutical companies will continue to increase and there will continue to be proposals to change the healthcare system in ways that could harm our ability to sell Korlym profitably. We anticipate that the U.S.United States Congress, state legislatures and regulators may implement healthcare policies intended to curb healthcare costs, such as federal and state controls on reimbursement for drugs (including under Medicare and commercial health plans), new or increased requirements to pay prescription drug rebates and penalties to government health care programs and policies that require drug companies to disclose and justify the prices they charge. For example, measures have been introduced in Congress that would impose caps on prescription drug prices and would require manufacturers to negotiate drug pricing with the government.
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Recently enacted laws and the regulations and policies implementing them, as well as other healthcare-related measures that may be adopted in the future, could materially reduce our Korlym revenues and our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates.
We depend on vendors to manufacture Korlym’s active ingredient, form it into tablets, package it and dispense it to patients. We also depend on vendors to manufacture the API and capsules or tablets for our product candidates. If our suppliers become unable or unwilling to perform these functions and we cannot transfer these activities to replacement vendors in a timely manner, our business will be harmed.
A single third-party manufacturer, Produits Chimiques Auxiliaires et de Synthese SA (“PCAS”), supplies the API in Korlym. Two other third-party manufacturers produce and bottle Korlym tablets. Our agreement with PCAS automatically renews for two one-year terms, unless either party provides 12-months’ written notice of its intent not to renew. AWe use a single specialty pharmacy, Optime, Care, Inc. (“Optime”) dispensesto dispense Korlym directly to patients and collectsperform related pharmacy operations, patient support and related services, including the collection of payments from insurers representing approximately 99 percent of our revenue. If Optime does not adhere to its agreements with payers, it may not be able to collect some or all of the payments due to us.
Our agreement with Optime hasexpires September 30, 2022.We have contracted with a five-year term and renews upon the written consent of both parties,different company, Orsini, to be our sole specialty pharmacy thereafter under an agreement that will expire, subject to customary termination provisions, including the right ofcertain conditions, on August 31, 2027. See Note 9 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Moving our pharmacy activities from Optime to terminateOrsini will be difficult, expensive and involve the transfer of significant amounts of confidential patient and commercial data.Errors can occur at any time that may cause the exposure or loss of such data and delays in theshipping Korlym to patients.
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event of a material breach by us that we do not cure in a reasonable period of time after receiving written notice. In addition, we may terminate the agreement for convenience. In the event any of theseour vendors fails to perform its contractual obligations to us or is materially impaired in its performance by the COVID-19 pandemic or for any other reason, or if we fail to transfer our pharmacy work from Optime to Orsini without errors, we may experience disruptions and delays in our supply chain and our ability to deliver Korlym to patients, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position.
The facilities used by our vendors to manufacture and package the API and drug product for Korlym and our product candidates must be approved by the FDA and, in some cases, the EMAEuropean Medicines Agency (“EMA”) or the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”). We do not control the activities of these vendors, including whether they maintain adequate quality control and hire qualified personnel. We are dependent on them for compliance with the regulatory requirements known as current good manufacturing practices (“cGMPs”). If our vendors cannot manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the strict requirements of the FDA or others, they will not be able to maintain regulatory authorizations for their facilities and we could be prohibited from using the API or drug product they have provided. If the FDA, EMA, MHRA or other regulatory authorities withdraw regulatory authorizations of these facilities, we may need to find alternative vendors or facilities, which would be time-consuming, complex and expensive and could significantly hamper our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for and market our products. Sanctions could be imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, refusal of regulators to approve our product candidates, delays, suspensions or withdrawals of approvals, seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could harm our business.
The unfavorable public perception of mifepristone may limit our ability to sell Korlym.
The active ingredient in Korlym, mifepristone, is approved by the FDA in another drug for the termination of early pregnancy. As a result, mifepristone is the subject of considerable debate inOn June 24, 2022, the United States Supreme Court published its decision in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (“Dobbs”), which overturned Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court decision establishing a woman’s right to terminate her pregnancy, subject to certain limitations. Dobbs has stimulated many states to enact laws making abortion illegal in virtually every circumstance, including during early pregnancy. More laws banning or heavily restricting termination of pregnancy may be adopted and elsewhere. Publicexisting laws may be made more restrictive. Heightened public perception of mifepristone as an abortifacient may limitdraw the acceptanceattention of hostile state government officials or political activists to Korlym by patients– even though Korlym is not approved for the termination of pregnancy, we do not promote it for that use and physicians. Even though we have taken measures to minimize the chance that Korlymit will accidentally be prescribed to a pregnant woman,woman. In addition, physicians and patients may choose not to prescribeuse Korlym toas a womantreatment for Cushing’s syndrome simply to avoid the risk of terminating a pregnancy.
We may not have adequate insurance to cover our exposure to product liability claims.
We may be subject to product liability or other claims based on allegations that Korlym or one of our product candidates has harmed a patient. Such a claim may damage our reputation by raising questions about Korlym or our product candidates’ safety and could prevent or interfere with product development or commercialization. Less common adverse effects of a pharmaceutical product are sometimes not known until long after the product is approved for marketing. Because the active
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ingredient in Korlym is used to terminate pregnancy, clinicians using Korlym in clinical trials and physicians prescribing the medicine to women must take strict precautions to ensure that it is not administered to pregnant women. Failure to observe these precautions could result in significant product liability claims.
Our insurance may not fully cover our potential product liabilities. Inability to obtain adequate insurance coverage could inhibit development of our product candidates or result in significant uninsured liability. Defending a lawsuit could be costly and divert management from productive activities.
If we are unable to maintain regulatory approval of Korlym for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome or if we fail to comply with other requirements, we will be unable to generate revenue and may be subject to penalties.
We are subject to oversight by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and elsewhere with respect to our research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping and sales and marketing activities. These requirements include submissions of safety information, annual updates on manufacturing activities and continued compliance with FDA regulations, including cGMPs, good laboratory practices and good clinical practices (“GCP”GCPs”). The FDA enforces these regulations through inspections of us and the laboratories, manufacturers and clinical sites we use. Foreign regulatory authorities have comparable requirements and enforcement mechanisms. Discovery of previously unknown problems with a product or product candidate, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency or deficiencies in manufacturing processes or management, as well as failure to comply with FDA or other U.S. or foreign regulatory requirements, may subject us to substantial civil and criminal penalties, injunctions, holds on clinical trials, product seizure, refusal to permit the import or export of products, restrictions on product marketing, withdrawal of the product from the market, product recalls, total or partial suspension of production, refusal to approve pending NDAsnew drug applications (“NDAs”) or supplemental NDAs, and suspension or revocation of product approvals.
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We may be subject to civil or criminal penalties if our marketing of Korlym violates FDA regulations or health care fraud and abuse laws.
We are subject to FDA regulations governing the promotion and sale of medications. Although physicians are permitted to prescribe drugs for any indication they choose, manufacturers may only promote products for their FDA-approved use. All other uses are referred to as “off-label.” In the United States, we market Korlym to treat hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and for whom surgery has failed or is not an option. We provide promotional materials and training programs to physicians covering the use of Korlym for this indication. The FDA may change its policies or enact new regulations at any time that restrict our ability to promote our products.
If the FDA were to determine that we engaged in off-label promotion, the FDA could require us to change our practices and subject us to regulatory enforcement actions, including issuance of a public “warning letter,” untitled letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine or criminal penalties. Other federal or state enforcement authorities might act if they believe that the alleged improper promotion led to the submission and payment of claims for an unapproved use, which could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement. Even if it is determined that we are not in violation of these laws, we may receive negative publicity, incur significant expenses and be forced to devote management time to defending our position.
In addition to laws restrictingprohibiting off-label promotion, we are also subject to federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations designed to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. The U.S.United States healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:
the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service for which payment may be made under federal health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation;
federal false claims laws, including, without limitation, the False Claims Act, which prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Pharmaceutical companies have been prosecuted under these laws for a variety of promotional and marketing activities, such as allegedly providing free product to or entering into “sham” consulting arrangements with customers to induce such customers to purchase, order or recommend the company’s products in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute and federal false claims laws and regulations; reporting to pricing services inflated average wholesale prices that were then used by certain governmental programs to set reimbursement rates; engaging in the promotion of “off-label” uses that caused customers to submit claims to and obtain reimbursement from governmental payers for non-covered “off-label” uses; and submitting inflated best price information to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program; the government may assert that a claim including items and services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act;
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the federal Civil Monetary Penalties law, which prohibits, among other things, offering or transferring remuneration to a federal healthcare beneficiary that a person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s decision to order or receive items or services reimbursable by the government from a particular provider or supplier;
the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”),HIPAA, which created federal criminal laws that prohibit executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program or making false statements relating to health care matters; similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation;
federal “sunshine” laws, including the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, that require transparency regarding financial arrangements with health care providers, such as the reporting and disclosure requirements imposed by the ACA on drug manufacturers regarding any “transfer of value” made or distributed to physicians, (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors), certain health care professionals beginning in 2022,non-physician practitioners, teaching hospitals and ownership or investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Manufacturers are required to submit reports detailing these financial arrangements by the 90th day of each calendar year;members;
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federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers; and
state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payer, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers; and state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures and pricing information.
The risk of being found in violation of these laws and regulations is increased by the fact that many of them have not been definitively interpreted by regulatory authorities or the courts and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available under them, it is possible that some of our business activities, including our relationships with physicians and other healthcare providers (some of whom recommend, purchase and/or prescribe our products) and the manner in which we promote our products, could be subject to challenge. We are also exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants, vendors, distributors and contract research organizations (“CROs”) may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity. Although we have policies and procedures prohibiting such activity, it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct and the precautions we take may not be effective in controlling unknown risks or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.
In November 2021, we received a records subpoena from the NJ USAO seeking information relating to the sale and promotion of Korlym, our relationships with and payments to health care professionals who can prescribe or recommend Korlym and prior authorizations and reimbursement for Korlym. The NJ USAO has informed us that it is investigating whether any criminal or civil violations by us occurred in connection with the matters referenced in the subpoena. It has also informed us that it does not currently consider us a defendant but rather an entity whose conduct is within the scope of the government’s investigation. We are cooperating with the investigation. Please see “Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings.”
If we violateare found in violation of any of the laws described above or any other government regulations, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from governmental health care programs, a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance, individual imprisonment and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our financial results and ability to operate.
Risks Related to our Research and Development Activities
Our efforts to discover, develop and commercialize our product candidates may not succeed. Clinical drug development is lengthy, expensive and often unsuccessful. Results of early studies and trials are often not predictive of later trial results. Failure can occur at any time.
Clinical development is costly, time-consuming and unpredictable. Positive data from clinical trials are susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. The results from early clinical trials are often not predictive of results in later clinical trials. Product candidates may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having produced positive results in preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. Many companies have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or unanticipated or unexpectedly severe adverse events.
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Our current clinical trials may prove inadequate to support marketing approvals. Even trials that generate positive results may have to be confirmed in much larger, more expensive and lengthier trials before we could seek regulatory approval.
Clinical trials may take longer to complete, cost more than expected and fail for many reasons, including:
failure to show efficacy or acceptable safety;
slow patient enrollment or delayed activation of clinical trial sites due to the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors;
delays obtaining regulatory permission to start a trial, changes to the size or design of a trial or changes in regulatory requirements for a trial already underway;
inability to secure acceptable terms with vendors and an appropriate number of clinical trial sites;
delays or inability to obtain institutional review board (“IRB”) approval at prospective trial sites;
failure of patients or investigators to comply with the clinical trial protocol;
unforeseen safety issues; and
negative findings of inspections of clinical sites or manufacturing operations by us, the FDA or other authorities.
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A trial may also be suspended or terminated by us, the trial’s data safety monitoring board, the IRBs governing the sites where the trial is being conducted or the FDA for many reasons, including failure to comply with regulatory requirements or clinical protocols, negative findings in an inspection of our clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other authorities, unforeseen safety issues, failure to demonstrate a benefit or changes in government regulations. Disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increase the likelihood of delays in initiating or completing our planned and ongoing clinical trials, thereby increasing their costs. Please see the risk factor, “The COVID-19 pandemic has made initiatinglengthened the time it takes to initiate and advancingadvance some of our clinical development programs more difficult.trials.
During the development of a product candidate, we may decide, or the FDA or other regulatory authorities may require us, to conduct more pre-clinical or clinical studies or to change the size or design of a trial already underway, thereby delaying or preventing the completion of development and increase its cost. Even if we conduct the clinical trials and supportive studies that we consider appropriate and the results are positive, we may not receive regulatory approval. Following regulatory approval, there are significant risks to its commercial success, such as development of competing products by other companies or the reluctance of physicians to prescribe it.
The COVID-19 pandemic has lengthened the time it takes to initiate and advance some of our clinical trials.
We conduct clinical trials at sites in the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. In the United States, Canada and Europe, authorities have imposed significant public health restrictions of varying degrees of severity which are likely to persist untilas long as COVID-19 vaccines have been widely administered.public health concerns remain. In addition, physicians, patients and medical institutions have changed their behavior in an attempt to reduce the risk of infection, which makes clinical trials more expensive, time-consuming and risky to initiate and conduct.
Some of the sites where we are conducting clinical trials have, from time-to-time, stopped enrolling new patients or reduced the frequency with which enrolled patients see their physicians. Some clinical sites have temporarily stopped initiating new trials. Many patients are reluctant to participate in procedures required by our clinical trial protocols because they fear infection. In general, COVID-19 has slowed the pace of our clinical trials, including our studies in Cushing’s syndrome and AIWG.syndrome. Studies of diseases perceived to be acutely life-threatening, such as advanced solid tumors, haveour Phase 2 trial in women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, did not experiencedexperience delay or disruption.
We may continue to experience disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material adverse impact on our clinical trial plans and timelines, including:
delays in enrolling patients in our clinical trials;or the loss of enrolled patients due to COVID-19 related restrictions;
delays in clinical site initiation, including difficulties in recruiting clinical investigators and staff;
delays in receiving authorizations from local regulatory authorities and internal review boards to initiate clinical trials or amend existing protocols;
delays in clinical sites receiving necessary supplies and materials due to interruptions in local and global shipping;
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changes in local regulations that require us to change the ways in which our clinical trials are conducted, which may result in unexpected costs or cause us to suspend or discontinue a trial in the affected jurisdiction;
diversion of healthcare resources, including facilities, supplies and staff, away from the conduct of clinical trials;
interruption of key clinical trial activities, such as clinical trial site monitoring, patient visits and follow-up, study procedures and data collection, that could affect the integrity of clinical trial data, due to limitations on travel;
the infection of patients enrolled in our clinical trials with COVID-19, which could affect the results of the clinical trial, including by increasing the number of observed adverse events or by causing patients to drop out of the study;
patient discontinuations due to fear of infection with COVID-19 or public health restrictions implemented by clinical trial sites which make trial participation more time consuming or difficult;
interruptions or delays in preclinical studies due to restricted or limited operations at laboratory facilities;
delays in necessary interactions with local regulators, ethics committees and other third parties and contractors due to limitations in employee resources or the furlough of government employees; and
limitations caused by the sickness of our employees or their families or the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people; and
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the possible refusal of the FDA or other regulatory authorities to accept data from clinical trials in affected geographies.people.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our business, preclinical studies and clinical trials will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.
Vendors perform many of the activities necessary to carry out our clinical trials, including drug product distribution, trial management and oversight and data collection and analysis. Failure of these vendors to perform their duties or meet expected timelines may prevent or delay approval of our product candidates.
Third-party clinical investigators and clinical sites enroll patients and CROs manage many of our trials and perform data collection and analysis. Although we control only certain aspects of these third parties’ activities, we are responsible for ensuring that every study adheres to its protocol and meets regulatory and scientific standards. If any of our vendors does not perform its duties or meet expected deadlines or fails to adhere to applicable GCP,GCPs, or if the quality or accuracy of the data it produces is compromised, affected clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may be unable to obtain approval for our product candidates. Failure of our manufacturing vendors to perform their duties or comply with cGMPs may require us to recall drug product or repeat clinical trials, which would delay regulatory approval. If our agreements with any of these vendors terminate, we may not be able to enter into alternative arrangements in a timely manner or on reasonable terms.
Our ability to physically inspect our vendors and clinical sites has been limited by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health restrictions, which increases the risk that failures to meet applicable requirements will go undetected.
We may be unable to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, which would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates.
We cannot sell a product without the approval of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority. Obtaining such approval is difficult, uncertain, lengthy and expensive. Failure can occur at any stage. In order to receive FDA approval for a new drug, we must demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction that the new drug is safe and effective for its intended use and that our manufacturing processes comply with cGMPs. Our inability or the inability of our vendors to comply with applicable FDA and other regulatory requirements can result in delays in or denials of new product approvals, warning letters, untitled letters, fines, consent decrees restricting or suspending manufacturing operations, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of product sales and criminal prosecution. We may seek to commercialize our products in international markets, which would require us to receive a marketing authorization and, in many cases, pricing approval, from the appropriate regulatory authorities. Approval procedures vary between countries and can require additional pre-clinical or clinical studies. Obtaining approval may take longer than it does in the United States. Although approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval by others, failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in others. Any of these or other regulatory actions could materially harm our business and financial condition.
If we receive regulatory approval for a product candidate, we will be subject to ongoing requirements and oversight by the FDA and other regulatory authorities, such as continued safety and other reporting requirements as well asand possibly post-approval marketing restrictions and additional costly clinical trials. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may be required to stop development of a product candidate or to stop selling a product that has already been approved. We may also
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be subject to product recalls or seizures. Future governmental action or changes in regulatory authority policy or personnel may also result in delays or rejection of pending or anticipated product approvals.
Our products and product candidates may cause undesirable side effects that halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or cause us significant liability.
Patients in clinical trials report changes in their health, including new illnesses, injuries and discomforts, to their study doctor. Often, it is not possible to determine whether or not these conditions were caused by the drug candidate being studied or something else. As we test our product candidates in larger, longer and more extensive clinical trials, or as use of them becomes more widespread if we receive regulatory approval, patients may report serious adverse events that did not occur or went undetected in previous trials. Many times, serious side effects are only detected in large-scale, Phase 3 clinical trials or following commercial approval.
Adverse events reported in clinical trials can slow or stop patient recruitment, prevent enrolled patients from completing a trial and could give rise to liability claims. Regulatory authorities could respond to reported adverse events by interrupting or halting our clinical trials or limiting the scope of, delaying or denying marketing approval. If we elect, or are required by authorities, to delay, suspend or terminate anya clinical trial or commercialization efforts, the commercial prospects of such
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the affected product candidates or products may be harmed and our ability to generate product revenues from them may be delayed or eliminated.
If one of our product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects or adverse events, potentially significant negative consequences could result, including but not limited to:
regulatory authorities may suspend, limit or withdraw approvals of such product;
regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label, including “boxed” warnings, or issue safety alerts and other safety information about the product;
we may be required to change the way the product is administered or conduct additional studies or clinical trials;
we may be required to create a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, (REMS), which could include a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients, a communication plan for healthcare providers and/or other elements to assure safe use;
the product may become less competitive;
we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of criminal penalties; and
we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;
Any of these events could seriously harm our business.
Risks Related to our Capital Needs and Financial Results
We may need additional capital to fund our operations or for strategic reasons. Such capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We are dependent on revenue from the sale of Korlym and our cash reserves to fund our commercial operations and development programs. If Korlym revenue declines significantly, we may need to curtail our operations or raise funds to support our plans. We may also choose to raise funds for strategic reasons. We cannot be certain funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Equity financing would cause dilution, debt financing may involve restrictive covenants. Neither type of financing may be available to us on attractive terms or at all. If we obtain funds through collaborations with other companies, we may have to relinquish rights to one or more of our product candidates. If our revenue declines and our cash reserves are depleted, and if adequate funds are not available from other sources, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our development programs.
Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property
To succeed, we must secure, maintain and effectively assert adequate patent protection for the composition and methods of use of our proprietary, selective cortisol modulators and for the use of Korlym to treat Cushing’s syndrome.
Patents are uncertain, involve complex legal and factual questions and are frequently the subject of litigation. The patents issued or licensed to us may be challenged at any time. Competitors may take actions we believe infringe our intellectual
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property, causing us to take legal action to defend our rights. Intellectual property litigation is lengthy, expensive and requires significant management attention. Outcomes are uncertain. If we do not protect our intellectual property, competitors may erode our competitive advantage. Please see “Part I,II, Item 3,1, Legal Proceedings.”
Our patent applications may not result in issued patents and patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated, held unenforceable or circumvented. Our patents may not prevent third parties from producing competing products. The foreign countries where we may someday operate may not protect our intellectual property to the extent the laws of the United States do. If we fail to obtain adequate patent protection in other countries, others may produce products in those countries based on our technology.
Our patents concerning mifepristone cover its use, not its composition, which may make it harder to prevent patent infringement.
We own or have exclusively licensed issued U.S. patents covering the use of cortisol modulators, including mifepristone, to treat a variety of disorders. A method of use patent covers only a particular use of a compound, not its composition. Because our patents do not cover the composition of mifepristone, we cannot prevent others from commercializing mifepristone to treat disorders not covered by our method of use patents. The availability of mifepristone for these disorders may enable patients to
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obtain mifepristone from other companies for indications covered by our patents. Although such “off-label” use would violate our patents, effectively monitoring compliance and enforcing our rights may be difficult and costly.
Third parties may allege that our patents infringe their rights. Defending against such allegations may result in costly litigation and may require us to obtain a license or bar us from commercializing our product candidates or Korlym for a new indication.
Our development and commercialization of Korlym or our selective cortisol modulators may give rise to claims that our patents or the patents we have licensed infringe the rights of others, which may require us to engage in costly, time-consuming and possibly unsuccessful litigation. If it is determined that one of our products or product candidates infringe others’ patent rights, we may have to obtain licenses to those rights or delay or suspend commercial activity while we attempt to design around the infringed patent. If our efforts fail, we may be unable to commercialize the infringing product or product candidate. We do not have liability insurance for patent infringement.
We do not believe that we infringe any patents or other proprietary rights. We are not obligated to pay royalties relating to the use of intellectual property except to the University of Chicago. To maintain our licenses from the University of Chicago, we must make milestone and royalty payments. If we do not comply with our obligations under these licenses, we may lose the right to commercialize cortisol modulators, including mifepristone, for the treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (“TNBC”) and CRPC.
Risks Related to our Stock
The price of our common stock fluctuates widely and is likely to continue to do so. Opportunities for investors to sell shares may be limited.
We cannot assure investors that a liquid trading market for our common stock will exist at any particular time. As a result, holders of our common stock may not be able to sell shares quickly or at the current market price. During the 52-week period ended OctoberJuly 27, 2021,2022, our average daily trading volume was approximately 632,308996,530 shares and the intra-day sales prices per share of our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market ranged from $16.52$15.82 to $31.18.$29.93. As of OctoberJuly 27, 2021,2022, our officers, directors and principal stockholders beneficially owned approximately 1718 percent of our common stock.
Our stock price can experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects. Securities class action lawsuits are often instituted against companies following periods of stock market volatility. Such litigation is costly and diverts management’s attention from productive efforts.
Factors that may cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate rapidly and widely include:
actual or anticipated variations in our operating results or changes to any public guidance we have provided;
actual or anticipated timing and results of our clinical trials;
changes in the expected or actual timing of our competitors’ development programs;
general market and economic conditions, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic;
disputes or other developments relating to our intellectual property, including developments in ANDA litigation and proceedings before the PTAB;
short-selling of our common stock, the publication of speculative opinions about our business or other market manipulation activities that are intended to lower our stock price or increase its volatility;
changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts or the failure of our performance to meet the published expectations of those analysts or public guidance we have provided;
actual or anticipated regulatory approvals of our product candidates or competing products;
purchases or sales of our common stock by our officers, directors or stockholders;
changes in laws or regulations applicable to Korlym, our product candidates or our competitors’ products;
technological innovations by us, our collaborators or our competitors;
conditions in the pharmaceutical industry, including the market valuations of companies similar to ours;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations or capital commitments; and
additional financing activities.
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Our stock price may decline if our financial performance does not meet the guidance we have provided to the public, estimates published by research analysts or other investor expectations.
The guidance we provide as to our expected 20212022 revenue is only an estimate of what we believe is realizable at the time we give such guidance. It is difficult to predict our revenue and our actual results may vary materially from our guidance. The effect on our business of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to forecast. In addition, the rate of physician adoption of Korlym and the actions of government and private payers is uncertain. We may experience competition from generic versions of Korlym, which our public revenue guidance does not anticipate. We may not meet our financial guidance or other investor expectations for other reasons, including those arising from the risks and uncertainties described in this report and in our other public filings and public statements. Research analysts publish estimates of our future revenue and earnings based on their own analysis. The revenue guidance we provide may be one factor they consider when determining their estimates.
General Risk Factors
We need to increase the size of our organization and may experience difficulties in managing growth.
Our commercial and research and development efforts are constrained by our limited administrative, operational and management resources. To date, we have relied on a small management team. Growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to recruit and retain additional employees. Our financial performance and ability to compete will depend on our ability to manage growth effectively. To that end, we must:
manage our sales and marketing efforts, clinical trials, research and manufacturing activities effectively;
hire more management, clinical development, administrative and sales and marketing personnel; and
continue to develop our administrative systems and controls.
Failure to accomplish any of these tasks, which are more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic, could harm our business.
If we lose key personnel or are unable to attract more skilled personnel, we may be unable to pursue our product development and commercialization goals.
Our ability to operate successfully and manage growth depends upon hiring and retaining skilled managerial, scientific, sales, marketing and financial personnel. The job market for qualified personnel is intensely competitive.competitive and turnover rates have reached record highs within our industry and the geographical areas from which we recruit. We depend on the principal members of our management and scientific staff. Any officer or employee may terminate his or her relationship with us at any time and work for a competitor. We do not have employment insurance covering any of our personnel. The loss of key individuals could delay our research, development and commercialization efforts.
We are subject to government regulation and other legal obligations relating to privacy and data protection. Compliance with these requirements is complex and costly. Failure to comply could materially harm our business.
We and our partners are subject to federal, state and foreign laws and regulations concerning data privacy and security, including HIPAA and the EU General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR. These and other regulatory frameworks are evolving rapidly as new rules are enacted and existing ones updated and made more stringent.
In the United States, numerous federal and state laws and regulations, including state data breach notification laws, state health information privacy, laws and federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations (e.g., Section 5 of the FTCFederal Trade Commission Act), that govern the collection, use, disclosure and protection of health-related and other personal information could apply to our operations or the operations of our partners. In addition, we may obtain health information from third parties (including research institutions from which we obtain clinical trial data) that are subject to privacy and security requirements under HIPAA. Depending on the facts and circumstances, we could be subject to criminal penalties if we knowingly obtain, use, or disclose individually identifiable health information maintained by a HIPAA-covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA.
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Even when HIPAA does not apply, according to the Federal Trade Commission or the FTC,(the “FTC”), violating consumers’ privacy or failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure may constitute unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Individually identifiable health information is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards.
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In addition, certain state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, some of which are more stringent than HIPAA and many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts. Failure to comply with these laws, where applicable, can result in the imposition of significant civil and/or criminal penalties and private litigation. For example, the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act imposes restrictive requirements regulating the use and disclosure of health information and other personally identifiable information. Further, on June 28, 2018, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, which took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA creates2020, created individual privacy rights for California consumers and increasesincreased the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability. Further, the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA, recently passed in California. The CPRA will impose additional data protection obligations on covered businesses, including additional consumer rights processes, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It will also createcreated a new California data protection agency authorized to issue substantive regulations and could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. TheWhile some provisions of the CPRA were effective immediately, the majority of the provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may be required. In the event that we are subject to or affected by HIPAA, the CCPA, the CPRA or other domestic privacy and data protection laws, any liability from failure to comply with the requirements of these laws could adversely affect our financial condition. Similar laws have alsobeen passed in Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut and Utah, and have been proposed at the federal level and in other states.states, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States.
The GDPR went into effect in 2018 and imposes stringent requirements for controllers and processors of personal data of individuals within the EEA,European Economic Area (“EEA”), particularly with respect to clinical trials. The GDPR provides that EEA member states may make their own further laws and regulations limiting the processing of health data, which could limit our ability to use and share personal data or could cause our costs to increase and harm our business and financial condition. In addition, the GDPR increases the scrutiny that clinical trial sites located in the EEA should apply to transfers of personal data from such sites to countries that are considered to lack an adequate level of data protection, such as the United States. Recent legal developments have also created complexity and compliance uncertainty regarding certain transfers of information from the EEA to the United States. For example, on June 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union, or the CJEU, limited how organizations could lawfully transfer personal data from the EEA to the United States by invalidating the EU-US Privacy Shield Framework for purposes of international transfers and imposing further restrictions on use of the standard contractual clauses, or SCCs. These restrictions include a requirement for companies to carry out a transfer impact assessment which, among other things, assesses the laws governing access to personal data in the recipient country and considers whether supplementary measures that provide privacy protections additional to those provided under SCCs will need to be implemented to ensure an essentially equivalent level of data protection to that afforded in the EEA. The European Commission (“EC”) issued revised SCCs on June 4, 2021 to account for the decision of the CJEU and recommendations made by the European Data Protection Board. The revised SCCs must be used for relevant new data transfers from September 27, 2021; existing standard contractual clauses arrangements must be migrated to the revised clauses by December 27, 2022. There is some uncertainty around whether the revised clauses can be used for all types of data transfers, particularly whether they can be relied on for data transfers to non-EEA entities subject to the GDPR. As supervisory authorities issue further guidance on personal data export mechanisms, including circumstances where the SCCs cannot be used, and/or start taking enforcement action, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we provide our services, the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our financial results. The GDPR imposes substantial fines for breaches of data protection requirements, which can be up to four percent of global revenue for the preceding financial year or €20 million, whichever is greater, and it also confers a private right of action on data subjects for breaches of data protection requirements. Compliance with European data protection laws is a rigorous and time intensive process that may increase our cost of doing business, and despite those efforts, there is a risk that we may be subject to fines and penalties, litigation and reputational harm in connection with our European activities. From January 1, 2021, we have had to comply with the GDPR and separately the United Kingdom GDPR, which, together with the amended United Kingdom Data Protection Act 2018, retains the GDPR in United Kingdom national law, each regime having the ability to fine up to the greater of €20 million/ £17.5 million or 4% of global turnover. It is unclear how United Kingdom data protection laws and regulations will develop in the medium to longer term and these changes may lead to additional costs and increase our overall risk exposure. On June 28, 2021, the European CommissionEC adopted an adequacy decision in favor of the United Kingdom,
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enabling data transfers from EU member states to the United Kingdom without additional safeguards. However, the United Kingdom adequacy decision will automatically expire in June 2025 unless the European CommissionEC renews or extends that decision and remains under review by the Commission during this period.
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Complying with U.S. and foreign privacy and security laws and regulations is complex and costly. Failure to comply by us or our vendors could subject us to litigation, government enforcement actions and substantial penalties and fines, which could harm our business.
We rely on information technology systems to conduct our business. A breakdown or breach of theseour information technology systems or our failure to protect confidential information concerning our business, patients or employees could interrupt the operation of our business and subject us to liability.
We store valuable confidential information relating to our business, patients and employees on our computer networks and on the networks of our vendors. In addition, we rely heavily on internet technology, including video conference, teleconference and file-sharing services, to conduct business during the COVID-19 pandemic.business. Despite the implementation ofour security measures, our networks and the networks of our vendors are subject to theat risk of cyberattacks, “phishing”break-ins, installation of malware or ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, computer hackers, service provider or vendor error, ordata theft and other forms of malfeasance or other intentional or unintentional acts by third parties and bad actors, including vendors, computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and internet and electrical failures. They may also be manipulated by criminalspersons seeking to commit fraud or theft.
theft, which could result in unauthorized access to, and/or misuse of, our clinical data or other confidential information, including confidential information relating to our patients or employees. COVID-19 may continue to increase our cybersecurity risks, due to our reliance on internet technology and the number of our employees that are working remotely, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. In addition, system failures could cause the loss, theft, exposure, or unauthorized access or use of valuable clinical trial data as a result of accidents, errors or malfeasance by our employees, independent contractors or others working with us or on our behalf or otherwise disrupt our clinical
We and commercial activities and be expensive and time-consuming to remedy. Our servers and systems, and those of our vendors may be vulnerable to computer malware, break-ins, denial-of-service attacks, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems, which could result in someone obtaining unauthorized access to our confidential information, including our clinicalhave experienced data or the confidential information of our patients or employees.
The computer systems of the CRO that managed one of our early-stage clinical trials was breached and confidential information, including information about some of the patients who participated in our trial, was exposed. Under applicable law, this breach is the responsibility of the CRO, which has notified the affected patients and is cooperating closely with regulatory and law enforcement authorities. We do not expect this breach to have any impact on our development programs or financial performance.
We have experiencedbreaches, theft, “phishing” attacks and other unauthorized access to certainconfidential data and information. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine or another war of international dispute may cause an increase in the number and severity of such malicious incidents. There iscan be no assurance that our cybersecurity systems and processes will be effective in preventingprevent unauthorized access in the future. Furthermore, because the techniques usedfuture that causes serious harm to obtain unauthorized access to,us, our patients or to sabotage, systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures.employees. We may also experience security breaches that remain undetected for an extended period.
Disruptions or security breaches that result in the disclosure of confidential or proprietary information could cause us to incur liability and delay or otherwise harm our research, development and commercialization efforts. We may be liable for losses suffered by patients or employees or other individuals whose confidential information is stolen as a result of a breach of the security of the systems that we or third parties and our vendors store this information on, and any such liability could be material. Even if we are not liable for such losses, any breach of these systems could expose us to material costs in notifying affected individuals, as well as regulatory fines or penalties. In addition, any breach of these systems could disrupt our normal business operations and expose us to reputational damage and harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Any insurance we maintain against the risk of this type of loss may not be sufficient to cover actual losses or may not apply to the circumstances relating to any particular loss.
We are dependent on the continued functioning of the FDA and other federal instrumentalities. Their partial or complete closure, whether due to public health concerns or a budgetary dispute, or their diversion of significant resources to advance pandemic-related issues could materially harm our business.
The government’s ability to carry out its mandated functions is affected by a variety of factors, including adequate government funding, the ability to hire and retain key personnel, statutory, regulatory and policy changes, possible diversion of resources and limited operating capacity and diversion of resources caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, oras well as other events that may reduce the government’s ability to perform routine functions. Disruptions atfunctions, such as inadequate funding, the FDAinability to hire and other agencies may slow the time to review new drug applicationsretain key personnel, and respond to other inquiries. Disruptions at the Securitiesstatutory, regulatory and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) may temporarily stop its ability to review and approve proposed financing transactions. Several times in the last few
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years, including for 35 days beginning on December 22, 2018, the U.S. government has shut down and many regulatory agencies, including the FDA and SEC, have had to furlough employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, it could significantly impair the FDA, SEC and other authorities’ ability to process our submissions, which could materially harm our business.
Separately, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 10, 2020 the FDA announced its intention to postpone most inspections of foreign manufacturing facilities, and on March 18, 2020, the FDA temporarily postponed routine surveillance inspections of domestic manufacturing facilities. Subsequently, on July 10, 2020 the FDA announced its intention to resume certain on-site inspections of domestic manufacturing facilities subject to a risk-based prioritization system. The FDA intends to use this risk-based assessment system to identify the categories of regulatory activity that can occur within a given geographic area, ranging from mission critical inspections to resumption of all regulatory activities. Additionally, on April 15, 2021, the FDA issued a guidance document in which the FDA described its plans to conduct voluntary remote interactive evaluations of certain drug manufacturing facilities and clinical research sites. According to the guidance, the FDA intends to request such remote interactive evaluations in situations where an in-person inspection would not be prioritized, deemed mission-critical, or where direct inspection is otherwise limited by travel restrictions, but where the FDA determines that remote evaluation would be appropriate. Regulatory authorities outside the United States may adopt similar restrictions or other policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.changes. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, or if global health concerns continue to prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting their regular inspections, reviews, or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA or other regulatory authorities to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Similarly, disruptions at the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) could temporarily stop its ability to review and approve proposed financing transactions.
Separately, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020, the FDA announced its intention to postpone most inspections of foreign manufacturing facilities and on March 18, 2020, the FDA temporarily postponed routine surveillance inspections of domestic manufacturing facilities. Subsequently,the FDA announced that, beginning on February 7, 2022, it would resume conducting domestic surveillance inspections given the decline in COVID-19 cases across the country. In addition, the FDA continues to conduct both foreign and domestic mission-critical inspections, as well as to provide oversight of medical products, leveraging a variety of tools, including remote assessments. FDA also continues to conduct prioritized foreign surveillance inspections that have received country clearance and are within the Agency’s acceptable COVID-19 travel recommendations. Regulatory authorities outside the United States may adopt similar changes. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, or if global health concerns continue to hinder or prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting their regular inspections, reviews, or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA or other regulatory authorities to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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Changes in federal, state and local tax laws may reduce our net earnings.
Our earnings are subject to federal, state and local taxes. We offset a portion of our earnings using net operating losses and our taxes using research and development tax credits, which reduces the amount of tax we pay. Some jurisdictions require that we pay taxes or fees calculated as a percentage of sales, payroll expense, or other indicia of our activities. Please see “Part I, Item I,1, Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Income Taxes.” Changes to existing tax laws could materially increase the amounts we must pay, which would reduce our after tax net income.
We may face competition from companies with greater financial, technical and marketing resources than our own.
The pharmaceutical industry is competitive and subject to rapid technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical companies and innovative biotechnology companies, many of which have greater clinical, marketing and sales resources than our own and may develop and commercialize medications that are superior to and less expensive than ours, which could negatively affect our financial results and the prospects of our product candidates.
Our ability to compete could be diminished if we are unable to protect our trade secrets and proprietary information.
In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, laws protecting trade secrets and security measures to protect our proprietary information. These measures may not be adequate, in which case competitors could exploit our proprietary information to our disadvantage. If employees, consultants or anyone else breaches their agreements with us regarding our proprietary information, we may not have adequate remedies for the breach.
Research analysts may not continue to provide or initiate coverage of our common stock or may issue negative reports.
The market for our common stock may be affected by the reports financial analysts publish about us. If any of the analysts covering us downgrades or discontinues coverage of our stock, the price of our common stock could decline rapidly and significantly. Paucity of research coverage may also adversely affect our stock price.
Sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause its price to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our stock in the public market could reduce its price. As additional shares of our stock become available for public resale, whether by the exercise of stock options by employees or directors or because of an equity financing by us, the supply of our stock will increase, which could cause its price to fall. Substantially all of theour outstanding shares of our stock are eligible for sale, subject to applicable volume and certain other resale restrictions.
Changes in laws and regulations may significantly increase our costs or reduce our revenue, which could harm our financial results.
New laws and regulations, as well as changes to existing laws and regulations, including statutes and regulations concerning taxes and the development, approval, marketing and pricing of medications, the provisions of the ACA requiring the reporting of aggregate spending related to health care professionals, the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd Frank Act of 2010 and rules
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adopted by the SEC and by The Nasdaq Stock Market have and will likely continue to increase our cost of doing business and divert management’s attention from revenue-generating activities.
If we acquire products or product candidates, we will incur significant costs and may not realize the benefits we anticipate.
We may acquire a product or product candidate that complements our strategic plan. Such an acquisition may give rise to unforeseen difficulties and costs and may absorb significant management attention. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, which could dilute our stockholders’ ownership interest or cause us to incur significant expenses and debt.
We may fail to comply with our public company obligations, including securities laws and regulations. Such compliance is costly and requires significant management attention.
The federal securities laws and regulations, including the corporate governance and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the governance and other requirements of the Dodd Frank Act of 2010, impose complex and continually changing regulatory requirements on our operations and reporting. These developing requirements will continue to increase our compliance costs. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate the effectiveness of, and provide a management report with respect to, our internal controls over financial reporting. It also requires that the independent registered public accounting firm auditing our consolidated financial statements must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to complete the required assessment and report or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to issue an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price would likely decline.
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Anti-takeover provisions in our charter and bylaws and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us or a change in our management more expensive or difficult, even if an acquisition or a management change would be beneficial to our stockholders.
Provisions in our charter and bylaws may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. Some of these provisions allow us to issue preferred stock without any vote or further action by the stockholders, require advance notification of stockholder proposals and nominations of candidates for election as directors and prohibit stockholders from acting by written consent. In addition, a supermajority vote of stockholders is required to amend our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by our Chairman, President or the Board of Directors and that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the Board of Directors. These provisions may prevent or delay a change in our Board of Directors or our management, which our Board of Directors appoints. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Section 203 may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15 percent or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us. These provisions in our charter and bylaws and under Delaware law could reduce the price that investors would be willing to pay for shares of our common stock.
Our officers, directors and principal stockholders, acting as a group, could significantly influence corporate actions.
As of OctoberJuly 27, 2021,2022, our officers and directors beneficially owned approximately 1718 percent of our common stock. Acting together, these stockholders could significantly influence any matter requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combinations. The interests of this group may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders and may prevent or delay a change in control. This significant concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock because many investors perceive disadvantages to owning stock in companies with controlling stockholders.
ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table contains information relating to the repurchasespurchases of our common stock in the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 as part of our publicly announced Stock Repurchase Program (in thousands, except average price per share):
Fiscal PeriodTotal Number of Shares RepurchasedAverage Price Paid Per Share
Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program(1)
July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021— $— $127,620 
August 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021493 21.26 117,139 
September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021727 21.04 101,845 
Total1,220 $21.13 $101,845 
(1) On November 3, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of our common stock pursuant to our Stock Repurchase Program. The Stock Repurchase Program expired on September 30, 2021.
The following table contains information relating to the purchase of shares of our common stock2022 as part of the cashless net exercises of stock options in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands, except average price per share):
Fiscal Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(2)
Average Price Per Share
Total Purchase Price of Shares(3)
July 1, 2021 to July 31, 202131 $20.61 $636 
August 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021167 21.22 3,538 
September 1, 2021 to September 30, 202120.46 92 
Total202 $21.11 $4,266 
(2) In July 2021, we issued 50,521 shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 30,833 shares were surrendered to us in satisfaction of related exercise cost and tax obligations. In August 2021, we issued 260,184 shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 166,708 shares were surrendered to us. In September 2021, we issued 5,884 shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 4,519 shares were surrendered to us.
(3) We paid $2.3 million to satisfy the tax withholding obligations associated with the net-share settlement of these cashless option exercises.
Fiscal Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
Average Price Per Share
Total Purchase Price of Shares(2)
April 1, 2022 to April 30, 202219 $24.11 $455 
May 1, 2022 to May 31, 2022106 20.32 2,156 
June 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022311 21.71 6,755 
Total436 $21.48 $9,366 

(1) In April 2022, we issued 28 thousand shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 19 thousand shares were surrendered to us in satisfaction of related exercise cost and tax obligations. In May 2022, we issued 180 thousand shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 106 thousand shares were surrendered to us. In June 2022, we issued 560 thousand shares of common stock as part of a net-share settlement of a cashless option exercise, of which 311 thousand shares were surrendered to us.
(2) We paid $3.3 million to satisfy the tax withholding obligations associated with the net-share settlement of these cashless option exercises.
ITEM 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION
None.On August 2, 2022, we entered into a distribution and services agreement (the “Agreement”) with Orsini Pharmaceutical Services, LLC. See Note 9 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent it describes the Agreement, for more information.
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The foregoing description of the Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Agreement, which will be filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2022.
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ITEM 6.�� EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
 Description of Document
3.1 
3.2 
10.110.1†
10.2†
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
32.2 
101 The following materials from the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and ninesix month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, (iii)(iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ninesix month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, (iv)(v) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity and (v)(vi) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 CORCEPT THERAPEUTICS INCORPORATED
  
Date:NovemberAugust 3, 20212022/s/ Joseph K. Belanoff
 Joseph K. Belanoff, M.D.
Chief Executive Officer
  
Date:
NovemberAugust 3, 20212022/s/Atabak Mokari
 Atabak Mokari
 Chief Financial Officer
Date:NovemberAugust 3, 20212022/s/Joseph D. Lyon
Joseph D. Lyon
Chief Accounting Officer

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