UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________
  
(Mark One)
☒Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019
OR
 
☐Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from             to              
 
Commission File Number:  001-37415
_________________________
 Evolent Health, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________
Delaware32-0454912
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
800 N. Glebe Road, Suite 500, Arlington, Virginia22203
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
  
(571) 389-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)
_________________________
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” andfiler,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No  ☒
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock of Evolent Health, Inc., par value $0.01 per shareEVHNew York Stock Exchange

As of AugustMay 6, 2018,2019, there were 77,880,46981,963,259 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding and 765,646713,517 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.


Evolent Health, Inc.
Table of Contents

Item Page Page
PART I
 
PART I
 
1.
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
3
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
3
2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
40
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
40
3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
52
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
49
4.
Controls and Procedures
53
Controls and Procedures
50
PART II
 
PART II
 
1.
Legal Proceedings
55
Legal Proceedings
50
1A.
Risk Factors
55
Risk Factors
50
2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
55
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
51
3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
55
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
51
4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
55
Mine Safety Disclosures
51
5.
Other Information
55
Other Information
51
6.
Exhibits
56
Exhibits
52
Signatures
56
Signatures
53




Explanatory Note

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise requires, “Evolent,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Evolent Health, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Evolent Health LLC, a subsidiary of Evolent Health, Inc. through which we conduct our operations, has owned all of our operating assets and substantially all of our business since inception. Evolent Health, Inc. is a holding company and its principal asset is all of the Class A common units of Evolent Health LLC.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS - CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE
 
Certain statements made in this report and in other written or oral statements made by us or on our behalf are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”). A forward-looking statement is a statement that is not a historical fact and, without limitation, includes any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain words like: “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “aim,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “plan,” “project,” “will,” “should,” “shall,” “may,” “might” and other words or phrases with similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, trends in our businesses, prospective services, future performance or financial results and the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings. We claim the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the PSLRA.
 
These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results contained in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to vary materially, some of which are described within the forward-looking statements, include, among others: 

the structural change in the market for health care in the United States;
uncertainty in the health care regulatory framework;
uncertainty in the public exchange market;
the uncertain impact of CMS waivers to Medicaid rules;
the uncertain impact the results of the 2018 congressional, state and local elections, as well as subsequent elections, may have on health care laws and regulations;
our ability to effectively manage our growth;
the significant portion of revenue we derive from our largest partners, and the potential loss, termination or renegotiation of customer contracts;
uncertainty relating to expected future revenues from and our relationship with our largest customer, Passport, including as a result of ongoing litigation pertaining to rate adjustments and Passport’s ability to remain solvent, which among other things could result in significantly reduced fees or a significant customer loss in 2019;
the structural change in the market for health care in the United States;
uncertainty in the health care regulatory framework, including the potential impact of policy changes;
uncertainty in the public exchange market;
the uncertain impact of CMS waivers to Medicaid rules and changes in membership and rates;
the uncertain impact the results of elections may have on health care laws and regulations;
our ability to effectively manage our growth and maintain an efficient cost structure;
our ability to offer new and innovative products and services;
risks related to completed and future acquisitions, investments, alliances and alliances,joint ventures, including the pending partnership with GlobalHealth, the acquisition of assets from New Mexico Health Connections (“NMHC”), and the acquisitions of Valence Health Inc., excluding Cicerone Health Solutions, Inc. (“Valence Health”), and Aldera Holdings, Inc. (“Aldera”) and NCIS Holdings, Inc. (“New Century Health”), which may be difficult to integrate, divert management resources, or result in unanticipated costs or dilute our stockholders;
our ability to consummate opportunities in our pipeline;
certain risks and uncertainties associated with the acquisition of assets from NMHC and the acquisitionacquisitions of Valence Health, Aldera and New Century Health, including future revenues may be less than expected, the timing and extent of new lives expected to come onto the platform may not occur as expected and the expected results of Evolent may not be impacted as anticipated;
risks relating to our ability to maintain profitability for our and New Century Health’s performance-based contracts and products, including capitation and risk-bearing contracts;
the growth and success of our partners, which is difficult to predict and is subject to factors outside of our control, including enrollment numbers for our partners’ plans (including in Florida), premium pricing reductions, selection bias in at-risk membership and the ability to control and, if necessary, reduce health care costs, particularly in New Mexico;
our ability to attract new partners;partners and successfully capture new growth opportunities;
the increasing number of risk-sharing arrangements we enter into with our partners;
our ability to recover the significant upfront costs in our partner relationships;
our ability to estimate the size of our target market;markets;
our ability to maintain and enhance our reputation and brand recognition;
consolidation in the health care industry;
competition which could limit our ability to maintain or expand market share within our industry;
risks related to governmental payorpayer audits and actions, including whistleblower claims;
our ability to partner with providers due to exclusivity provisions in our contracts;
restrictions and penalties as a result of privacy and data protection laws;
adequate protection of our intellectual property, including trademarks;
any alleged infringement, misappropriation or violation of third-party proprietary rights;
our use of “open source” software;

our ability to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary information;
our reliance on third parties and licensed technologies;
our ability to use, disclose, de-identify or license data and to integrate third-party technologies;
data loss or corruption due to failures or errors in our systems and service disruptions at our data centers;
online security risks and breaches or failures of our security measures;

measures, including with respect to privacy of health information;
our reliance on Internet infrastructure, bandwidth providers, data center providers, other third parties and our own systems for providing services to our users;
our reliance on third-party vendors to host and maintain our technology platform;
our ability to contain health care costs, implement increases in premium rates on a timely basis, maintain adequate reserves for policy benefits or maintain cost effective provider agreements;
the risk of a significant reduction in the enrollment in our health plan;
our ability to accurately underwrite performance-based risk-bearing contracts;
risks related to our offshore operations;
our dependency on our key personnel, and our ability to attract, hire, integrate and retain key personnel;
the risk of potential future goodwill impairment on our results of operations;
our indebtedness and our ability to obtain additional financing;
our ability to achieve profitability in the future;
the requirements of being a public company;
our adjusted results may not be representative of our future performance;
the risk of potential future litigation;
the impact of changes in accounting principles and guidance on our reported results;
our holding company structure and dependence on distributions from Evolent Health LLC;
our obligations to make payments to certain of our pre-IPO investors for certain tax benefits we may claim in the future;
our ability to utilize benefits under the tax receivables agreement described herein;
our ability to realize all or a portion of the tax benefits that we currently expect to result from past and future exchanges of Class B common units of Evolent Health LLC for our Class A common stock, and to utilize certain tax attributes of Evolent Health Holdings and an affiliate of TPG;TPG Global, LLC (along with its affiliates, “TPG”);
distributions that Evolent Health LLC will be required to make to us and to the other members of Evolent Health LLC;
our obligations to make payments under the tax receivables agreement that may be accelerated or may exceed the tax benefits we realize;
different interests among our pre-IPO investors, or between us and our pre-IPO investors;
the terms of agreements between us and certain of our pre-IPO investors;
the conditional conversion feature of the 2025 Notes, which, if triggered, could require us to settle the 2025 Notes in cash;
the impact of the accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash;
the potential volatility of our Class A common stock price;
the potential decline of our Class A common stock price if a substantial number of shares are sold or become available for sale or if a large number of Class B common units are exchanged for shares of Class A common stock;
provisions in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated by-laws and provisions of Delaware law that discourage or prevent strategic transactions, including a takeover of us;
the ability of certain of our investors to compete with us without restrictions;
provisions in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees;
our intention not to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock;
our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;
our expectations regarding the additional management attention and costs that will be required as we have transitioned from an “emerging growth company” to a “large accelerated filer”; and
our lack of public company operating experience.

The risks included here are not exhaustive. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172018 (the “2017“2018 Form 10-K”), this Form 10-Q and other documents filed with the SEC include additional factors that could affect our businesses and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a rapidly changing and competitive environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors.
 
Further, it is not possible to assess the effect of all risk factors on our businesses or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. In addition, we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
EVOLENT HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands, except share data)

 As of As of  As of As of 
June 30,December 31,March 31,December 31,
 2018 2017  2019 2018 
ASSETS          
Current assets:          
Cash and cash equivalents $197,983
 $238,433
  $170,817
 $228,320
 
Restricted cash and restricted investments 53,660
 62,398
  50,920
 154,718
 
Accounts receivable, net (amounts related to affiliates: 2018 - $5,683; 2017 - $3,358) 70,846
 48,947
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (amounts related to affiliates: 2018 - $50; 2017 - $25) 15,757
 8,404
 
Notes receivable 12,000
 20,000
 
Accounts receivable, net (amounts attributable to related parties: 2019 - $8,701; 2018 - $8,519) 65,626
 80,208
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (amounts attributable to related parties: 2019 - 0; 2018 - $85) 30,495
 22,618
 
Investments, at amortized cost 2,046
 —
 
Contract assets 3,008
 —
  1,282
 2,102
 
Total current assets 353,254
 378,182
  321,186
 487,966
 
Restricted cash and restricted investments 3,394
 3,287
  7,036
 6,105
 
Investments in and advances to affiliates 4,246
 1,531
 
Investments, at amortized cost 11,743
 10,010
 
Investments in and advances to equity method investees 6,188
 6,276
 
Property and equipment, net 64,630
 50,922
  77,379
 73,628
 
Prepaid expenses and other non-current assets 11,838
 9,328
 
Right-of-use assets - operating 63,855
 —
 
Prepaid expenses and other noncurrent assets (amounts attributable to related parties: 2019 - $3,500; 2018 - $2,500) 11,264
 15,028
 
Contract assets 1,267
 —
  1,695
 961
 
Contract cost assets 10,890
 —
  22,463
 19,147
 
Intangible assets, net 236,819
 241,261
  336,231
 335,036
 
Goodwill 635,282
 628,186
  770,334
 768,124
 
Total assets $1,321,620
 $1,312,697
  $1,629,374
 $1,722,281
 
          
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)          
          
Liabilities          
Current liabilities:          
Accounts payable (amounts related to affiliates: 2018 - $1,954; 2017 - $10,284) $34,258
 $42,930
 
Accrued liabilities (amounts related to affiliates: 2018 - $6,683; 2017 - $719) 39,477
 29,572
 
Accounts payable (amounts attributable to related parties: 2019 - $2,496; 2018 - $1,564) $39,007
 $146,760
 
Accrued liabilities (amounts attributable to related parties: 2019 - $1,462; 2018 - $798) 53,018
 48,957
 
Operating lease liabilities - current 3,439
 —
 
Accrued compensation and employee benefits 23,168
 35,390
  15,872
 25,460
 
Deferred revenue 29,818
 24,807
  22,320
 20,584
 
Claims reserves 9,466
 —
 
Reserve for claims and performance-based arrangements 30,019
 27,595
 
Total current liabilities 136,187
 132,699
  163,675
 269,356
 
Long-term debt, net of discount 121,853
 121,394
  223,320
 221,041
 
Other long-term liabilities 10,666
 9,861
  10,490
 17,090
 
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent 57,197
 —
 
Deferred tax liabilities, net 1,533
 2,437
  24,566
 25,438
 
Total liabilities 270,239
 266,391
  479,248
 532,925
 
          
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 9) 
 
  
 
 
          
Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)          
Class A common stock - $0.01 par value; 750,000,000 shares authorized; 77,577,615 and 74,723,597     
shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively 776
 747
 
Class B common stock - $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 765,646 and 2,653,544     
shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively 8
 27
 
Additional paid-in-capital 961,472
 924,153
 
Class A common stock - $0.01 par value; 750,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018;     
79,428,728 and 79,172,118 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively 794
 792
 
Class B common stock - $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018;     
3,190,301 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 31
 31
 
Additional paid-in capital 1,096,089
 1,093,174
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (148) —
  (158) (182) 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 79,125
 85,952
  3,270
 50,009
 
Total shareholders' equity (deficit) attributable to Evolent Health, Inc. 1,041,233
 1,010,879
  1,100,026
 1,143,824
 
Non-controlling interests 10,148
 35,427
  50,100
 45,532
 
Total shareholders' equity (deficit) 1,051,381
 1,046,306
  1,150,126
 1,189,356
 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity (deficit) $1,321,620
 $1,312,697
  $1,629,374
 $1,722,281
 

EVOLENT HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018
2017 2018 20172019
2018
Revenue          
Transformation services (1)
$8,215
 $5,361
 $14,720
 $15,596
$3,353
 $6,505
Platform and operations services (1)
113,346
 101,710
 223,164
 197,714
147,292
 109,818
Premiums22,737
 —
 46,128
 —
47,111
 23,391
Total revenue144,298
 107,071
 284,012
 213,310
197,756
 139,714
          
Expenses          
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization          
expenses presented separately below) (1)
69,003
 67,994
 140,978
 135,523
117,441
 71,975
Claims expenses18,428
 —
 35,177
 —
37,757
 16,749
Selling, general and administrative expenses (1)
57,403
 51,090
 112,929
 104,641
74,838
 55,526
Depreciation and amortization expenses10,034
 6,904
 19,530
 13,519
14,266
 9,496
Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnification asset(1,604) 200
 (1,504) 200
Change in fair value of contingent consideration100
 100
Total operating expenses153,264
 126,188
 307,110
 253,883
244,402
 153,846
Operating income (loss)(8,966) (19,117) (23,098) (40,573)(46,646) (14,132)
Interest income878
 218
 1,950
 403
1,060
 1,072
Interest expense(855) (947) (1,708) (1,901)(3,562) (853)
Income (loss) from equity affiliates(1,275) (555) (1,406) (1,077)
Income (loss) from equity method investees(424) (131)
Other income (expense), net78
 3
 60
 5
427
 (18)
Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests(10,140) (20,398) (24,202) (43,143)(49,145) (14,062)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes(109) (700) (106) (295)(496) 3
Net income (loss)(10,031) (19,698) (24,096) (42,848)(48,649) (14,065)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests(115) (2,793) (554) (7,930)(1,910) (439)
Net income (loss) attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.$(9,916) $(16,905) $(23,542) $(34,918)$(46,739) $(13,626)
          
Earnings (Loss) Available for Common Shareholders          
Basic$(9,916) $(16,905) $(23,542) $(34,918)
Diluted(9,916) (16,905) (23,542) (34,918)
Basic and Diluted$(46,739) $(13,626)
          
Earnings (Loss) per Common Share          
Basic$(0.13) $(0.28) $(0.31) $(0.62)
Diluted(0.13) (0.28) (0.31) (0.62)
Basic and Diluted$(0.59) $(0.18)
          
Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding          
Basic77,209
 59,478
 76,297
 56,057
Diluted77,209
 59,478
 76,297
 56,057
Basic and Diluted79,335
 75,375
          
Comprehensive income (loss)          
Net income (loss)$(10,031) $(19,698) $(24,096) (42,848)$(48,649) $(14,065)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, related to:          
Foreign currency translation adjustment(148) —
 (148) —
24
 —
Total comprehensive income (loss)(10,179) (19,698) (24,244) (42,848)(48,625) (14,065)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests(115) (2,793) (554) (7,930)(1,910) (439)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.$(10,064) $(16,905) $(23,690) $(34,918)$(46,715) $(13,626)

(1) See Note 1617 for amounts related to affiliatesrelated parties included in these line items.




EVOLENT HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)

For the SixFor the Three
Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30,March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities      
Net income (loss)$(24,096) $(42,848)$(48,649) $(14,065)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash and restricted cash      
provided by (used in) operating activities:      
(Income) loss from affiliates1,406
 1,077
Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnification asset(1,504) 200
Impact of lease termination—
 (496)
(Income) loss from equity method investees424
 131
Change in fair value of contingent consideration100
 100
Depreciation and amortization expenses19,530
 13,519
14,266
 9,496
Amortization of deferred financing costs459
 456
2,279
 229
Stock-based compensation expense8,513
 10,464
4,537
 3,795
Deferred tax provision (benefit)(171) (280)(492) (42)
Amortization of contract cost assets1,166
 —
1,250
 570
Accretion of bond premium (discount)—
 105
Other(55) 291
427
 (206)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:      
Accounts receivables, net(21,093) (7,902)
Accounts receivables, net and contract assets14,796
 (17,135)
Prepaid expenses and other current and noncurrent assets(12,753) (1,412)(4,174) (12,610)
Contract assets(193) —
Contract cost assets(762) —
(4,565) (355)
Accounts payable(342) 7,041
(204) 2,334
Accrued liabilities6,140
 (3,621)3,605
 5,209
Accrued compensation and employee benefits(12,846) (16,630)(9,591) (19,570)
Deferred revenue8,267
 6,719
1,736
 10,869
Claims reserves9,466
 —
Reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements2,424
 6,699
ROU operating assets(12,493) —
Operating lease liabilities13,233
 —
Other long-term liabilities864
 (4,495)(4,618) (154)
Net cash and restricted cash provided by (used in) operating activities(18,004) (37,812)(25,709) (24,705)
      
Cash Flows from Investing Activities      
Cash paid for asset acquisitions or business combinations(11,676) (3,241)(6,000) (11,676)
Principal repayment for implementation funding loan8,000
 —
Customer advance for regulatory capital requirements(5,400) —
Principal repayment of implementation funding loan—
 4,000
Amount received from escrow in asset acquisition500
 —
—
 500
Maturities and sales of investments—
 20,210
Investments in and advances to affiliates(4,000) —
Purchases of property and equipment(20,243) (12,430)
Purchases and maturities of restricted investments8,043
 (3,200)
Purchases of investments(3,779) —
Investments in and advances to equity method investees(337) (4,000)
Investments in internal-use software and purchases of property and equipment(9,462) (9,553)
Purchases of restricted investments(500) —
Maturities of restricted investments—
 8,044
Net cash and restricted cash provided by (used in) investing activities(19,376) 1,339
(25,478) (12,685)
      
Cash Flows from Financing Activities      
Change in restricted cash held on behalf of partners for claims processing(7,258) (21,997)
Changes in working capital balances related to claims processing on behalf of partners(107,500) (22,268)
Amount received from escrow in asset acquisition500
 —
Deferred financing costs related to 2025 Notes(608) —
Proceeds from stock option exercises4,692
 3,560
123
 1,461
Taxes withheld and paid for vesting of restricted stock units(1,099) (1,175)(2,180) (800)
Net cash and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities(3,665) (19,612)(109,665) (21,607)
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash7
 —
(19) (4)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(41,038) (56,085)(160,871) (59,001)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of beginning-of-period295,363
 170,029
388,325
 295,363
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of end-of-period$254,325
 $113,944
$227,454
 $236,362


EVOLENT HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(unaudited, in thousands)

          Accum-      Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
          ulated Retained              Accum-      
          Other Earnings              ulated Retained    
Class A Class B Additional Comprehensive (Accum- Non- Total          Other Earnings    
Common Stock Common Stock Paid-in Income ulated Controlling EquityClass A Class B Additional Comprehensive (Accum- Non- Total
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital (Loss) Deficit) Interests (Deficit)Common Stock Common Stock Paid-in Income ulated Controlling Equity
Balance as of December 31, 201652,587
 $506
 15,347
 $153
 $555,250
 $—
 $146,617
 $209,588
 $912,114
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital (Loss) Deficit) Interests (Deficit)
Balance as of December 31, 201879,172
 $792
 3,190
 $31
 $1,093,174
 $(182) $50,009
 $45,532
 $1,189,356
                                  
Stock-based compensation expense—
 —
 —
 —
 20,437
 —
 —
 —
 20,437
—
 —
 —
 —
 4,152
 —
 —
 —
 4,152
Exercise of stock options788
 28
 —
 —
 4,054
 —
 —
 —
 4,082
11
 —
 —
 —
 123
 —
 —
 —
 123
Restricted stock units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes149
 2
 —
 —
 (1,274) —
 —
 —
 (1,272)203
 2
 —
 —
 (2,182) —
 —
 —
 (2,180)
Shares released from Valence Health escrow(310) (3) —
 —
 911
 —
 —
 —
 908
Exchange of Class B common stock12,693
 126
 (12,693) (126) 168,883
 —
 —
 (168,883) —
Tax impact of 2017 Securities Offerings—
 —
 —
 —
 12,857
 —
 —
 —
 12,857
Issuance of Class A common stock during August 2017 Primary8,816
 88
 —
 —
 166,859
 —
 —
 —
 166,947
Class A common stock issued for Passport earn-out43
 —
 —
 —
 800
 —
 —
 —
 800
Amount attributable to NCI from 2019 business combination—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 6,500
 6,500
Foreign currency translation adjustment—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 24
 —
 —
 24
Net income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (46,739) (1,910) (48,649)
Reclassification of non-controlling interests—
 —
 —
 —
 (3,824) —
 —
 3,824
 —
—
 —
 —
 —
 22
 —
 —
 (22) —
Net income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (60,665) (9,102) (69,767)
                 
Balance as of March 31, 201979,429
 $794
 3,190
 $31
 $1,096,089
 $(158) $3,270
 $50,100
 $1,150,126
                 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
          Accum-      
          ulated Retained    
          Other Earnings    
Class A Class B Additional Comprehensive (Accum- Non- Total
Common Stock Common Stock Paid-in Income ulated Controlling Equity
                 Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital (Loss) Deficit) Interests (Deficit)
Balance as of December 31, 201774,723
 747
 2,654
 27
 924,153
 —
 85,952
 35,427
 1,046,306
74,723
 $747
 2,654
 $27
 $924,153
 $—
 $85,952
 $35,427
 $1,046,306
                                  
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASC 606—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 16,715
 594
 17,309
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 16,715
 594
 17,309
Stock-based compensation expense—
 —
 —
 —
 8,513
 —
 —
 —
 8,513
—
 —
 —
 —
 3,795
 —
 —
 —
 3,795
Exercise of stock options766
 8
 —
 —
 4,684
 —
 —
 —
 4,692
354
 4
 —
 —
 1,457
 —
 —
 —
 1,461
Restricted stock units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes201
 2
 —
 —
 (1,101) —
 —
 —
 (1,099)129
 1
 —
 —
 (801) —
 —
 —
 (800)
Exchange of Class B common stock1,888
 19
 (1,888) (19) 25,334
 —
 —
 (25,334) —
1,773
 18
 (1,773) (18) 23,805
 —
 —
 (23,805) —
Tax impact of Class B Exchanges—
 —
 —
 —
 908
 —
 —
 —
 908
—
 —
 —
 —
 908
 —
 —
 —
 908
Settlement of indemnification asset—
 —
 —
 —
 (1,004) —
 —
 —
 (1,004)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (148) —
 —
 (148)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Net income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (13,626) (439) (14,065)
Reclassification of non-controlling interests—
 —
 —
 —
 (15) —
 —
 15
 —
—
 —
 —
 —
 5
 —
 —
 (5) —
Net income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (23,542) (554) (24,096)
                                  
Balance as of June 30, 201877,578
 $776
 766
 $8
 $961,472
 $(148) $79,125
 $10,148
 $1,051,381
Balance as of March 31, 201876,979
 $770
 881
 $9
 $953,322
 $—
 $89,041
 $11,772
 $1,054,914

EVOLENT HEALTH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


1. Organization

Evolent Health, Inc. was incorporated in December 2014 in the state of Delaware, and is a managed care services firm that supports leading health systems and physician organizations in their migration toward value-based care and population health management. The Company operates through two segments. The Company’s services segment (“Services”) provides our customers, who we refer to as partners, with a population health management platform, integrated data and analytics capabilities, claims processing services, pharmacy benefit management, (“PBM”)specialty care management services and comprehensive health plan administration services. Together these services enable health systems to manage patient health in a more cost-effective manner. The Company’s contracts are structured as a combination of advisory fees, monthly member service fees, percentage of plan premiums and shared medical savings arrangements. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, True Health New Mexico, Inc. (“True Health”) operates as a separate segment and is a commercial health plan we operate in New Mexico that focuses on small and large businesses. The Company’s headquarters is located in Arlington, Virginia.

Our predecessor, Evolent Health Holdings, Inc. (“Evolent Health Holdings”), merged with and intoAs of March 31, 2019, Evolent Health, Inc. in connection with the offering reorganization which occurred on June 4, 2015 (the “Offering Reorganization”), as discussed in our 2017 Form 10-K.

Prior to our initial public offering (“IPO”) in June 2015 and the Offering Reorganization we undertook in connection therewith, Evolent Health Holdings did not controlowns 96.1% of Evolent Health LLC, our operating subsidiary company due to certain participatingholds 100% of the voting rights, granted to our investor, TPG Global, LLCis the sole managing member and certain ofcontrols its affiliates (“TPG”). However, Evolent Health Holdings was able to exert significant influence on Evolent Health LLC and, accordingly, accounted for its investment in Evolent Health LLC using the equity method of accounting through June 3, 2015. Subsequent to the Offering Reorganization,operations. Therefore, the financial results of Evolent Health LLC have been consolidated in the financial statements of Evolent Health, Inc. Following the Offering Reorganization, the IPO, various securities offerings and sales (as described in Note 4) and acquisitions (as described in Note 4), as of June 30, 2018, Evolent Health, Inc. owned 99.0% of Evolent Health LLC, holds 100% of the voting rights, is the sole managing member and, therefore, controls its operations.

Since its inception, the Company has incurred losses from operations. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $198.0$170.8 million. The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity for the next 12 months as of the date the financial statements were available to be issued.

2. Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and ChangesChange in Accounting PrinciplesPrinciple

Basis of Presentation

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Consolidated Balance Sheetconsolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017,2018, has been derived from audited financial statements as of that date. The interim consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may occur for the full fiscal year. Certain footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to instructions, rules, and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The disclosures provided herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our 20172018 Form 10-K.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Certain GAAP policies that significantly affect the determination of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, are summarized below. See “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2” in our 20172018 Form 10-K for a complete summary of our significant accounting policies.

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period. Those estimates are inherently subject to change and actual results could differ from those estimates. In the accompanying consolidated financial statements, estimates are used for, but not limited to, the valuation of assets (including intangibles and long-lived assets), liabilities (including IBNR), consideration related to business combinations and asset acquisitions, revenue

recognition including variable consideration, discounts and credits, estimated selling prices for performance obligations in contracts with multiple performance obligations, reserves for claims reserves,and performance-based arrangements, contingent payments, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciable lives of assets, impairment of long lived assets (including equity method investments), stock-based compensation, deferred income taxes and valuation allowance, contingent liabilities, valuation of intangible assets (including goodwill), purchase price allocation in taxable stock transactions and the useful lives of intangible assets.


Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Evolent Health, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Operating Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of a business that earnmay recognize revenue and incur expenses for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated, on a regular basis, by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to decide how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company operates through two segments: (1) Services, and (2) True Health. Our Services segment consists of our technology-enabled value-based care services, platform that supports our various value-based operations, such as delivery network alignment, populationspecialty care management services and comprehensive health performance, integrated cost and revenue management solutions and financial and administrative managementplan administration services. Our True Health segment consists of a commercial health plan we operate in New Mexico that focuses on small and large businesses. See Note 1718 for a discussion of our operating results by segment.

Revenue Recognition

Our Services segment derives revenue from two sources: (1) transformation services and (2) platform and operations services. See “ChangesTransformation services consist of implementation services whereby we assist the customer in launching its population health or health plan strategy. In certain cases, transformation services can also include revenue associated with our support of certain one-time wind-down activities for clients who are exiting a line of business or population. Platform and operations services generally include multi-year arrangements with customers to provide various population health, health plan operations, specialty care management (through performance-based arrangements) and claims processing services on an ongoing basis, as well as transition or run-out services to customers receiving primarily third-party administration (“TPA”) services. Revenue is recognized when control of the services is transferred to our customers.

We use the following 5-step model, outlined in Accounting Principles” below for our updated revenue recognition policy as a result of our adoption of Accounting Standards UpdateCodification (“ASU”ASC”) 2014-09,Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.Customers (“ASC 606”), to determine revenue recognition for our Services segment from our contracts with customers:

Identify the contract(s) with a customer
Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Determine the transaction price
Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations
Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Our True Health segment derives revenue from premiums that are earned over the terms of the related insurance policies. True Health also derives revenue from reinsurance premiums assumed from NMHC under the terms of the Reinsurance Agreement (as defined in Note 9). The portion of premiums that will be earned in the future or are received prior to the effectiveness of the policy are deferred and reported as premiums received in advance. These amounts are generally classified as short-term deferred revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.consolidated balance sheets.

See Note 5 for further discussion of our policies related to revenue recognition.

Leases
As discussed in Note 3, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019. The following reflects our updated policy for leases.

The Company enters into various office space, data center, and equipment lease agreements in conducting its normal business operations. At the inception of any contract, the Company evaluates the agreement to determine whether the contract contains a lease. If the contract contains a lease, the Company then evaluates the term and whether the lease is an operating or finance lease. Most leases include one or more options to renew or may have a termination option. The Company determines whether these options are reasonably certain to be exercised at the inception of the lease. The rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) over the term of the lease. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. Further, the Company treats all lease and non-lease components as a single combined lease component for all classes of underlying assets.


The Company also enters into sublease agreements for some of its leased office space. Rental income attributable to subleases is offset against rent expense over the terms of the respective leases.

Refer to Note 10 for additional lease disclosures.

Restricted Cash and Restricted Investments

Restricted cash and restricted investments include cash and investments used to collateralize various contractual obligations (in thousands) as follows:

  As of  As of 
 June 30,December 31,
  2018  2017 
Collateral for letters of credit      
for facility leases (1)
 $3,711
  $3,812
 
Collateral with financial institutions (2)
 21,941
  24,725
 
Pharmacy benefit management      
and claims processing services (3)
 19,028
  26,286
 
Collateral for reinsurance agreement (4)
 10,000
  10,000
 
Other 2,374
  862
 
Total restricted cash      
and restricted investments 57,054
  65,685
 
       
Current restricted investments —
  8,150
 
Current restricted cash 53,660
  54,248
 
Total current restricted cash      
and restricted investments 53,660
  62,398
 
       
Non-current restricted investments 712
  605
 
Non-current restricted cash 2,682
  2,682
 
Total non-current restricted cash      
and restricted investments $3,394
  $3,287
 
  As of  As of 
 March 31,December 31,
  2019  2018 
Collateral for letters of credit for facility leases (1)
 $3,710
  $3,710
 
Collateral with financial institutions (2)
 37,691
  34,142
 
Claims processing services (3)
 14,939
  122,439
 
Other 1,616
  532
 
Total restricted cash and restricted investments 57,956
  160,823
 
       
Current restricted investments 711
  211
 
Current restricted cash 50,209
  154,507
 
Total current restricted cash and restricted investments 50,920
  154,718
 
       
Noncurrent restricted investments 608
  607
 
Noncurrent restricted cash 6,428
  5,498
 
Total noncurrent restricted cash and      
restricted investments $7,036
  $6,105
 

(1) Represents restricted cash related to collateral for letters of credit required in conjunction with lease agreements. See Note 9 for further discussion of our lease commitments.
(2) Represents collateral held with financial institutions for risk-sharing and other arrangements. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, approximately $21.9$34.8 million and $16.6$31.2 million of the collateral amount was in a trust account and invested in a money market fund. The amounts invested in money market funds are considered restricted cash and are carried at fair value, which approximates cost. See Note 1516 for further discussion of our fair value measurement.measurement and Note 9 for discussion of our risk-sharing arrangements. As of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, approximately $8.2$2.9 million of the collateral amount was investedheld in restricted certificatesFDIC participating bank accounts, primarily related to a line of deposit with remaining maturities of less than 12 months. The restricted investments are classified as held-to-maturity and stated at amortized cost. Fair value of the certificates of deposit is determined using Level 2 inputs and approximates amortized cost as of December 31, 2017. See Note 9 for further discussion of our risk-sharing arrangements.credit.
(3) Represents cash held by Evolent related to claims processing services on behalf of partners to process PBM and other claims.partners. These are pass-through amounts and can fluctuate materially from period to period depending on the timing of when the claims are processed.
(4) Represents restricted cash required as part of our capital only reinsurance agreement to provide balance sheet support to NMHC. There is no transfer of underwriting risk to Evolent and we are not at risk for any cash payments on behalf of NMHC as part of the agreement. The reinsurance agreement is further discussed in Note 9. Approximately $2.5 million is in a FDIC participating bank account and approximately $7.5 million is invested in a money market fund. The amount invested in the money market fund is considered restricted cash and is carried at fair value, which approximates cost.


The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows.

As of June 30, As of March 31, 
2018 2017 2019 2018 
Cash and cash equivalents$197,983
 $99,975
 $170,817
 $200,316
 
Restricted cash and restricted investments57,054
 22,119
 57,956
 36,757
 
Restricted investments included in        
restricted cash and restricted investments(712) (8,150) (1,319) (711) 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash        
shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows$254,325
 $113,944
 $227,454
 $236,362
 

Notes Receivable
Business Combinations

Notes receivableCompanies acquired during each reporting period are carriedreflected in the results of the Company effective from their respective dates of acquisition through the end of the reporting period. The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the faceacquisition date. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Critical estimates used to value certain identifiable assets include, but are not limited to, expected long-term revenues, future expected operating expenses, cost of capital, and appropriate discount rates.

The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquired entity is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that benefits from the synergies arising from the business combination. If the Company obtains new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

For contingent consideration recorded as a liability, the Company initially measures the amount at fair value as of the acquisition date and adjusts the liability, if needed, to fair value each reporting period. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, other than measurement period adjustments, are recognized as operating income or expense. Acquisition-related expenses and post-acquisition restructuring costs are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill

We recognize the excess of the purchase price, plus the fair value of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed at least annually for indications of impairment, with consideration given to financial performance and other relevant factors. We perform impairment tests of goodwill at a reporting unit level, which is consistent with the way management evaluates our business. The Company has three reporting units: Legacy Services, New Century Health and True Health. Our annual goodwill impairment review occurs during the fourth quarter of each note plus respective accrued interest receivable, less received payments. The Company doesyear. We perform impairment tests between annual tests if an event occurs, or circumstances change, that would more likely than not typically carry notes receivable inreduce the coursefair value of a reporting unit below its regular business, but contributed $20.0 million in the form of an implementation funding loan (the “Implementation Loan”) under an agreement with a current customer entered during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Implementation Loan is expected to support implementation services to assist the customer in expanding its Medicaid membership. The Implementation Loan carries a fixed interest rate of 2.5% per annum and the terms of the agreement governing the Implementation Loan require it to be repaid in ten equal monthly installments of $2.0 million, plus accrued interest, during 2018.As of June 30, 2018, the outstanding principal balance of the Implementation Loan was $12.0 million, excluding approximately $0.2 million of accrued interest. As of December 31, 2017, the outstanding principal balance of the Implementation Loan was $20.0 million, excluding approximately $0.1 million of accrued interest.carrying amount.

Intangible Assets, Net

Identified intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition and are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives using a method of amortization that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are used. The Company acquired additional intangible assets in conjunction with a strategic acquisition made during 2018. Information regarding the determination and allocation of the fair value of therecently acquired assets and liabilities is further described within Note 4.

The following summarizes the estimated useful lives by asset classification:

Corporate trade name2010-20 years
Customer relationships15-2510-25 years
Technology5 years
Provider network contracts5 years

Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment if circumstances indicate the Company may not be able to recover the asset’s carrying value. The Company evaluates recoverability by determining whether the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of that asset or group exceed the carrying value at the evaluation date. If the undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to cover the carrying value, the Company measures an impairment loss as the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or group over its fair value. See Note 7 for additional discussion regarding our intangible assets.

GoodwillReserves for claims and performance-based arrangements

We recognizeReserves for claims and performance-based arrangements for our Services and True Health segments reflect estimates of payments under performance-based arrangements and the excessultimate cost of claims that have been incurred but not reported, including expected development on reported claims, those that have been reported but not yet paid (reported claims in process), and other medical care expenses and services payable that are primarily comprised of accruals for incentives and other amounts payable to health care professionals and facilities. Reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements also reflect estimated amounts owed to NMHC

under a reinsurance agreement as discussed further in Note 9. The Company uses actuarial principles and assumptions that are consistently applied in each reporting period and recognizes the actuarial best estimate of the purchase price, plus the fair value of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed at least annuallyultimate liability along with a margin for indications of impairment, with consideration given to financial performance and other relevant factors. We perform impairment tests of goodwill at a reporting unit level, whichadverse deviation. This approach is consistent with actuarial standards of practice that the way management evaluates our business. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that benefits from the synergies arising from each business combination.liabilities be adequate under moderately adverse conditions.

The process of estimating reserves involves a considerable degree of judgment by the Company and, as of any given date, is inherently uncertain. The methods for making such estimates and for establishing the resulting liability are continually reviewed, and adjustments are reflected in current results of operations in the period in which they are identified as experience develops or new information becomes known. See Note 19 for additional discussion regarding our reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements.

Foreign Currency

The Company established an internationalformed a subsidiary in India during the first quarter of 2018. The functional currency of our international subsidiary is the Indian Rupee. We translate the financial statements of this subsidiary to U.S. dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and monthly average rates of exchange for revenue costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of shareholders' equity. We recorded an immaterial “ForeignForeign currency translation adjustment”gains and losses did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Statementsconsolidated statements of Operationsoperations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, which resulted in an immaterial “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” balance on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Changes in Accounting Principles

Adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

As discussed in Note 3, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective January 1, 2018. The following is our updated accounting policy with respect to revenue recognition for our Services segment.

Our Services segment derives revenue from two sources: (1) transformation services and (2) platform and operations services. Revenue is recognized when control of the services is transferred to our customers. We use the following 5-Step model, outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), to determine revenue recognition on our contracts with customers:

Identify the contract(s) with a customer
Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Determine the transaction price
Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations
Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Transformation Services Revenue

Transformation services consist of strategic assessments, or Blueprint contracts, and implementation services whereby we assist the customer in launching its population health or health plan strategy. In certain cases, transformation services can also include revenue associated with our support of certain one-time wind-down activities for clients who are exiting a line of business or population. The transformation services are usually completed within 12 months. We generally receive a fixed fee for transformation services and recognize revenue over time using an input method based on hours incurred compared to the total estimated hours required to satisfy our performance obligation.

Platform and Operations Services Revenue

Platform and operations services generally include multi-year arrangements with customers to provide various population health, health plan operations and PBM services on an ongoing basis, as well as transition or run-out services to customers receiving primarily third-party administration (“TPA”) services. Our performance obligation in these arrangements is to provide an integrated suite of services, including access to our platform that is customized to meet the specialized needs of our customers. Generally we will apply the series guidance to the performance obligation as we have determined that each time increment is distinct. We primarily utilize a variable fee structure for these services that typically include a monthly payment that is calculated based on a specified per member per month rate, multiplied by the number of members that our partners are managing under a value-based care arrangement or a percentage of plan premiums. Our arrangements may also include other variable fees related to service level agreements, shared medical savings arrangements and other performance measures. Variable consideration is estimated using the most likely amount based on our historical experience and best judgment at the time. Due to the nature of our arrangements certain estimates may be constrained if it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur when the uncertainty is resolved. We recognize revenue for platform and operations services over time using the time elapsed output method. Fixed consideration is recognized ratably over the contract term. In accordance with the series guidance, we allocate variable consideration to the period to which the fees relate.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Our contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations, primarily when the customer has requested both transformation services and platform and operations services as these services are distinct from one another. When a contract has multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price using the expected cost margin approach. This approach requires estimates regarding both the level of effort it will take to satisfy the performance obligation as well as fees that will be received under the variable pricing model. We also take into

consideration customer demographics, current market conditions, the scope of services and our overall pricing strategy and objectives when determining the standalone selling price.

Principal vs Agent

We occasionally use third parties to assist in satisfying our performance obligations. In order to determine whether we are the principal or agent in the arrangement, we will review each third party relationship on a contract by contract basis. We are an agent when our role is to arrange for another entity to provide the services to the customer. In these instances, we do not control the service before it is provided and will recognize revenue on a net basis. We are the principal when we control the good or service prior to transferring control to the customer. We recognize revenue on a gross basis when we are the principal in the arrangement.

In accordance with the requirements under ASU 2014-09, the impact of adoption to our consolidated financial statements was as follows. See Note 5 for additional disclosures regarding Evolent's contracts with customers.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations         
(unaudited, in thousands)         
 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 
    Amounts withoutImpact of
    adoption ofadoption
 As Reported ASC 606 Higher/(Lower)
Revenue         
Transformation services $8,215
  $9,928
  $(1,713) 
Platform and operations services 113,346
  111,569
  1,777
 
          
Expenses         
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization         
presented separately below) 69,003
  69,097
  (94) 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 57,403
  58,451
  (1,048) 
Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests (10,140)  (11,346)  1,206
 
          
 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 
    Amounts withoutImpact of
    adoption ofadoption
 As Reported ASC 606 Higher/(Lower)
Revenue         
Transformation services $14,720
  $15,715
  $(995) 
Platform and operations services 223,164
  221,543
  1,621
 
          
Expenses         
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization         
presented separately below) 140,978
  141,378
  (400) 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 112,929
  113,968
  (1,039) 
Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests (24,202)  (26,267)  2,065
 


Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets         
(unaudited, in thousands)         
 As of June 30, 2018 
    Balances withoutImpact of
    adoption ofadoption
 As Reported ASC 606 Higher/(Lower)
Assets         
Accounts receivable, net $70,846
  $67,626
  $3,220
 
Contract assets (current) 3,008
  —
  3,008
 
Contract assets (noncurrent) 1,267
  —
  1,267
 
Contract cost assets 10,890
  —
  10,890
 
          
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)       
 
          
Liabilities         
Deferred revenue $29,818
  $30,961
  $(1,143) 
Other long-term liabilities 10,666
  10,510
  156
 
          
Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)         
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 79,125
  60,418
  18,707
 
Non-controlling interests 10,148
  9,483
  665
 


Adoption of ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash

The Company adopted ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash, effective December 31, 2017, using the retroactive transition method, which resulted in the recast of our statement of cash flows for each period presented. See “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2” in our 2017 Form 10-K for further information about the adoption.

The amendments in the ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows.

A significant portion of the Company’s restricted cash consists of cash held on behalf of partners to process PBM claims. These are pass-through amounts and can fluctuate materially from period to period depending on the timing of when the claims are processed. Under the previous standard, there was no net impact to the statement of cash flows related to these amounts as the change in accounts payable was offset by the change in restricted cash. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-18, the change in restricted cash held on behalf of PBM partners would no longer net to zero, thereby potentially having a significant impact on cash flows from operations period over period. Given the pass-through nature of these PBM claim payments, the change in restricted cash held on behalf of PBM partners is presented within cash flows from financing activities on our statements of changes in cash flows under the updated requirements of ASU 2016-18.


The following table summarizes the impact of the change in accounting principle to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands):

 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
  As Reported
Correction (1)
As Revised
Adjustments (2)
As Adjusted
Cash Flows from Operating Activities               
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:               
Accounts receivable, net  $(5,247)  $(2,655)  $(7,902)  $—
  $(7,902)
Accounts payable, net of change in restricted               
cash and restricted investments  (2,514)  9,555
  7,041
  —
  7,041
Net cash and restricted cash provided by               
(used in) operating activities  (44,712)  6,900
  (37,812)  —
  (37,812)
                
Cash Flows from Investing Activities               
Purchases and maturities of restricted investments  —
  —
  —
  (3,200)  (3,200)
Change in restricted cash and restricted investments  3,200
  (6,900)  (3,700)  3,700
  —
Net cash and restricted cash provided by               
(used in) investing activities  7,739
  (6,900)  839
  500
  1,339
                
Cash Flows from Financing Activities               
Change in restricted cash held on behalf of               
partners for claims processing  —
  —
  —
  (21,997)  (21,997)
Net cash and restricted cash provided by               
(used in) financing activities  2,385
  —
  2,385
  (21,997)  (19,612)
                
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash               
equivalents and restricted cash  (34,588)  —
  (34,588)  (21,497)  (56,085)
Cash and cash equivalents and               
restricted cash as of beginning-of-period  134,563
  —
  134,563
  35,466
  170,029
Cash and cash equivalents and               
restricted cash as of end-of-period  $99,975
  $—
  $99,975
  $13,969
  $113,944

(1)
Subsequent to the filing of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017, the Company identified an error related to the classification of restricted cash and restricted investments on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accordingly, the Company corrected this error by revising the classification of certain changes in restricted cash and restricted investments within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company assessed the materiality of the misstatement both quantitatively and qualitatively and determined the correction of this error to be immaterial to all prior consolidated financial statements taken as a whole. This column reflects the revisions required to correct the error in the Company’s originally reported Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017. See “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 18” in our 2017 Form 10-K for further discussion of the error correction.
(2)
This column reflects the subsequent adjustments required to present revised amounts within the requirements of ASU 2016-18.

3. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In June 2018,February 2016, the FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-07,2016-02, Compensation - Stock Compensation: ImprovementsLeases, in order to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.establish the principles to report transparent and economically neutral information about the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. This update introduces a new standard on accounting for leases, including a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet. The update expandsnew standard also aligns many of the scopeunderlying principles of ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The ASU specifies that ASC 718 applies to all share-based payment transactionsthe new lessor model with those in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments in the update also clarify that ASC 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC 606. The updateASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which is intended to make targeted improvements to ASU 2016-02. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 provide entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard using an effective date method rather than the earliest comparative period. The requirements of ASU 2018-11 are effective on the same date as the requirements of ASU 2016-02. We adopted ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Further, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of approximately $51.4 million and $47.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. The standard had no impact on our results of operations.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Services Contract. The amendments in this ASU align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The update is effective for fiscal year.years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’sincluding adoption in any interim period. The amendments in this update should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of ASC 606.adoption. We adopted the requirements of this standardASU 2018-15 effective JulyJanuary 1, 2018, and there2019. There was no impact to

our financial condition andconsolidated balance sheets or results of operations as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. Going forward, we do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.March 31, 2019.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in order to clarify the principles of recognizing revenue. This standard establishes the core principle of recognizing revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB defines a five-step process that systematically identifies the various components of the revenue recognition process, culminating with the recognition of revenue upon satisfaction of an entity’s performance obligations. By completing all five steps of the process, the core principles of revenue recognition will be achieved. The new revenue standard (including updates) is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: i) the full retrospective method applying the standard to each prior reporting period presented, or ii) the modified retrospective method with a cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. The standard also allows entities to apply certain practical expedients at their discretion. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method for only contracts that were not completed at the date of initial application. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our

historic accounting under ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). The adoption of this standard resulted in changes related to revenue recognition for contracts that contain certain features, such as variable consideration. These changes generally accelerate revenue recognition. In addition, certain customer setup costs, which have historically been expensed as incurred, will now be capitalized. Evolent recognized the cumulative effect of applying the new revenue standard as a $17.3 million adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings, including non-controlling interests, in the first quarter of 2018, primarily as a result of capitalization of expenses related to contract acquisition and fulfillment costs and acceleration of revenue due to variable consideration estimation. See Note 5 for additional disclosures regarding Evolent's contracts with customers. See Note 2 for updated revenue recognition accounting policy and the impact of adopting the new revenue recognition standard on Evolent’s financial statements.policy.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. With respect to assets measured at amortized cost, such as held-to-maturity assets, the update requires presentation of the amortized cost net of a credit loss allowance. The update eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold that was previously required prior to recognizing a credit loss on financial instruments. The credit loss estimate can now reflect an entity’s current estimate of all future expected credit losses as opposed to the previous standard, when an entity only considered past events and current conditions. With respect to available for sale debt securities, the update requires that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We intend to adopt the requirements of this standard effective January 1, 2020, and are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on our financial condition and results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight‑line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right‑of‑use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. ASU 2016-02 (ASC Topic 842) supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840, Leases. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available.

The Company has formulated an implementation team that is currently engaged in the evaluation process. We intend to adopt the requirements of this standard effective January 1, 2019, using a modified retrospective approach. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which is intended to make targeted improvements to ASU 2016-02. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 provide entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The requirements of ASU 2018-11 are effective on the same date as the requirements of ASU 2016-02. Pursuant to ASU 2018-11, the Company will apply the new standard at its adoption date rather than at the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retaining earnings. We anticipate that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets.


4. Transactions

Business Combinations

New Century Health
On October 1, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of New Century Health, including 100% of the voting equity interests. New Century Health is a technology-enabled, specialty care management company focused primarily on cancer and cardiac care and its assets include a proprietary technology platform which brings together clinical capabilities, pharmacy management and physician engagement to assist New Century Health’s customers in managing the large and complex specialties of cancer and cardiac care. We expect that the transaction will allow Evolent to enhance its clinical capabilities and enable it to offer a more integrated set of services to its current provider partners.
Total merger consideration, net of cash on hand and certain closing adjustments, was $205.1 million, based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the NYSE on October 1, 2018. The merger consideration consisted of $118.7 million of cash consideration, 3.1 million shares of Evolent Health LLC’s Class B common units and an equal number of the Company’s Class B common stock and an earn-out of up to $11.4 million, fair valued at $3.2 million as of October 1, 2018. The merger agreement includes an earn-out of up to $20.0 million, $11.4 million of which is payable to the former owners of New Century Health and $8.6 million of which is payable to former employees of New Century Health that became employees of the Company. The amount payable to the former owners of New Century Health is considered merger consideration. The amount payable to the former employees of New Century Health requires continued employment with the Company and is therefore considered post-combination compensation expense. See Note 16 for additional information regarding the fair value determination of the earn-out consideration and “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 11” within our 2018 Form 10-K for additional information about the portion of the earn-out that is classified as post-combination compensation expense. The Evolent Health LLC Class B common units, together with a corresponding number of the Company’s Class B common stock, can be exchanged for an equivalent number of the Company’s Class A common stock, and were valued at $83.2 million using the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the NYSE on October 1, 2018.
As a result of the Class B common stock issued for the New Century Health transaction, the Company’s ownership in Evolent Health LLC decreased from 99.0% to 95.3%, immediately following the acquisition. The Company incurred approximately $1.6 million of transaction costs related to the New Century Health transaction during 2018, which are recorded within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company accounted for the transaction as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting.

The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of October 1, 2018, as follows (in thousands):

Purchase consideration: 
Cash$124,652
Fair value of Class B common stock issued83,173
Fair value of contingent consideration3,200
Total consideration$211,025
  
Tangible assets acquired: 
Cash and cash equivalents$5,963
Accounts receivable5,559
Prepaid expenses and other current assets7,901
Property and equipment381
Other noncurrent assets148
  
Identifiable intangible assets acquired: 
Customer relationships72,500
Technology27,000
Corporate trade name4,300
Provider network contracts9,600
  
Liabilities assumed: 
Accounts payable1,167
Accrued liabilities1,494
Accrued compensation and employee benefits3,966
Reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements18,631
Deferred tax liabilities24,041
Other long-term liabilities6,138
  
Goodwill133,110
Net assets acquired$211,025

The fair value of the receivables acquired, as shown in the table above, approximates the gross contractual amounts and is expected to be collectible in full. Identifiable intangible assets associated with customer relationships will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their preliminary estimated useful lives of 15 years. Identifiable intangible assets associated with technology, corporate trade name and provider network contracts will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their preliminary estimated useful lives of 5, 10 and 5 years, respectively. The customer relationships are primarily attributable to long-term existing contracts with current customers. The technology consists of a clinical rules engine portal, data warehouse and claims system that New Century Health uses to provide services to its customers. The corporate trade name reflects the value that the New Century Health brand name carries in the market. The provider network contracts represents the established provider network that New Century Health relies on to provide services to its customers. The fair value of the intangible assets was determined using the income approach, the relief from royalty approach and the cost approach. The income approach estimates fair value for an asset based on the present value of cash flows projected to be generated by the asset. Projected cash flows are discounted at a required rate of return that reflects the relative risk of achieving the cash flows and the time value of money. The relief from royalty approach estimates the fair value of an asset by calculating how much an entity would have to spend to lease a similar asset. The cost approach estimates the fair value of an asset by determining the amount that would be required currently to replace the service capacity of an asset. Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the acquisition date fair value of the total consideration and the fair value of the net assets acquired and represents the future economic benefits that we expect to achieve as a result of the acquisition. The goodwill is attributable primarily to cross-selling opportunities and the acquired assembled workforce and was all allocated to the Services segment. Goodwill is considered to be an indefinite lived asset.

The merger was structured as a tax-free reorganization and therefore the Company received carryover basis in the assets and liabilities acquired; accordingly, the Company recognized net deferred tax liabilities associated with the difference between the book basis and the tax basis for the assets and liabilities acquired. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.


The amounts above reflect management’s preliminary estimate of the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on a valuation performed using currently available information. Any necessary adjustments will be finalized within one year from the date of acquisition.

New Mexico Health Connections

On January 2, 2018, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, True Health, completed its previously announced acquisition of assets related to NMHC’s commercial, small and large group business. The assets include a health plan management services organization with a leadership team and employee base with experience working locally with providers to run NMHC’s suite of preventive, disease and care management programs. The Company paid cash consideration paid by the Companyof $10.3 million in connection with the acquisition consisted of $10.3 million in cash (subject to certain adjustments), of which $0.3 million was deposited in an escrow account.acquisition. This acquisition is expected to allow the Company to leverage its platform to support a value-based, provider-centric model of care in New Mexico.

The Company commenced operations of the commercial health plan and began reporting the results of True Health as a new reportable segment during the first quarter of 2018. See Note 1718 for further information about the Company’s segment reporting.segments. At the time of the acquisition, the Company also entered into a managed services agreement (“MSA”) with NMHC to support its ongoing business. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company also entered into a reinsurance arrangementagreement with NMHC to provide balance sheet support. See Note 9 for further discussion of the reinsurance arrangement.agreement. The MSA and reinsurance arrangementagreement were considered separate transactions and accounted for outside of the business combination. Therefore, there is no allocation of purchase price to these arrangementsagreements at fair value.

The Company incurred approximately $1.2 million in transaction costs related to the NHMC transaction, materially all of which were recorded within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statementsconsolidated statements of Operationsoperations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2017. The transaction will bewas accounted for as a business combination using purchasethe acquisition method of accounting.

The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of January 2, 2018, as follows (in thousands):

Purchase consideration 
Cash paid to NMHC$10,000
Cash paid to escrow agent252
Total consideration$10,252
  
Identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed 
Customer relationships$2,700
Provider network contracts2,300
Above market lease(100)
Accrued compensation and employee benefits(474)
  
Goodwill5,826
Net assets acquired$10,252

Identifiable intangible assets associated with customer relationships and provider network contracts will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 15 and 5 years, respectively. The customer relationships represent existing contracts in place to provide health plan services to a number of large and small group customers throughout the state of New Mexico. The provider network contracts represent a network of hospitals and physicians to service the health plan customers. The fair value of the customer relationship intangible asset was primarily determined using the income approach. The income approach estimates fair value for an asset based on the present value of cash flows projected to be generated by the asset. Projected cash flows are discounted at a required rate of return that reflects the relative risk of achieving the cash flows and the time value of money. The fair value of the provider network intangible asset was primarily determined using the cost approach. The cost approach estimates the fair value for an asset based on the amount it would cost to replace the asset. Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the acquisition date fair value of the total consideration and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and represents the future economic benefits that we expect to achieve as a result of the acquisition. Goodwill associated with the acquisition of True Healthassets from NMHC is allocated entirely to the True Health segment, as all of the assets and liabilities of the acquired business are assigned to the True Health segment. The goodwill is attributable primarily to the acquired workforce and expected cost synergies, none of which qualify for recognition as a separate intangible asset. Goodwill is considered an indefinite-lived asset. The transaction is an asset acquisition for tax purposes, and as such

the tax-basis in the acquired assets is equal to the book-basis fair value calculated and is

recorded at the True Health legal entity. Therefore, no opening balance sheet deferred tax liability was recorded. The amount of goodwill determined for tax purposes is deductible.

The amounts above reflect management’s preliminary estimate of the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on a valuation performed using currentlyinformation available information. Any remaining adjustments are expected to be finalized within one yearat the date of the acquisition date.transaction.

True Health is a separate segment, and its results of operations are provided in Note 1718 - Segment Reporting.

Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)

The unaudited pro forma Consolidated Statementsconsolidated statements of Operationsoperations presented below gives effect to (1) the NMHC transactionNew Century Health and True Health transactions as if itthey took place on January 1, 2017. The following pro forma information includes adjustments to:

reclassifyRemove transaction costs related to the NMHCNew Century Health transaction of $1.6 million recorded during 2018 and reclassify such amounts to the period beginning January 1, 2017;
record revenue and expenses related to the MSA beginning January 1, 2017; and
recordRecord amortization expenses related to intangible assets beginning on January 1, 2017, for intangible assetsintangibles acquired as part of the New Century Health and True Health transactions;
Record revenue and expenses related to the NMHC transaction.MSA beginning January 1, 2017;
Record stock-based compensation expense beginning on January 1, 2017, for equity awards granted as part of the New Century Health transaction; and
Record the issuance of Class B common shares as part of the New Century Health transaction as of January 1, 2017.

This pro forma data is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of the results of future operations or of the results that would have occurred had the transactions described above occurred in the specified prior periods. The pro forma adjustments are based on available information and assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable to reflect the impact of these transactions on the Company’s historical financial information on a pro forma basis (in thousands, except per share data).
For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Revenue$144,298
 $121,356
 $284,012
 $248,981
$197,756
 $184,630
Net income (loss)(10,031) (29,951) (24,096) (58,119)(48,649) (14,885)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests(115) (3,815) (554) (10,250)(1,881) (972)
Net income (loss) attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.(9,916) (26,136) (23,542) (47,869)(46,768) (13,913)
          
Net income (loss) per Common Share available to common shareholders          
Basic$(0.13) $(0.44) $(0.31) $(0.85)
Diluted(0.13) (0.44) (0.31) (0.85)
Basic and Diluted$(0.59) $(0.18)

Securities Offerings and Sales

Under an exchange agreement we entered into at the time of our IPO, we granted certain affiliates of TPG, (“TPG”), The Advisory Board Company (“The Advisory Board”) and Ptolemy Capital, LLC (“Ptolemy Capital”) (together, the “Investor Stockholders”) an exchange right that allows receipt of newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock in exchange (a “Class B Exchange”) for an equal number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock (which are subsequently canceled) and an equal number of Evolent Health LLC’s Class B common units (“Class B units”). Class B units received by the Company from relevant Investor Stockholders are simultaneously exchanged for an equivalent number of Class A units of Evolent Health LLC, and Evolent Health LLC cancels the Class B units it receives in the Class B Exchange. The cancellation of the Class B units results in an increase in the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC.

March 2018 Private SaleSales

In March 2018, The Advisory Board sold 3.0 million shares of the Company’s Class A common Stock in a private sale (the “March 2018 Private Sale”). The shares sold in the March 2018 Private Sale consisted of 1.2 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned by The Advisory Board and 1.8 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by The Advisory Board pursuant to a Class B Exchange for all of its outstanding shares of the Company’s Class B common stock and Class B units. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the March 2018 Private Sale. Subsequent to this Class B Exchange, in

June 2018, The Advisory Board sold all of their remaining shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and no longer owns any shares of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock or Class B units held by the Advisory Board at the time of the IPO.

As a result of this Class B Exchange and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B units during the March 2018 Private Sale, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 96.6% to 98.9% immediately following the March 2018

Private Sale, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

August 2017 Primary Offering

In August 2017, the Company completed a primary offering of 8.8November 2018, TPG sold 0.8 million shares of itsthe Company’s Class A common stock atin a price to the publicnumber of $19.85 per share and a corresponding price to the underwriters of $19.01 per shareprivate sales (the “August 2017 Primary”“November 2018 Private Sales”). This offering resulted in net cash proceeds to the Company of approximately $166.9 million (gross proceeds of $175.0 million, net of $8.1 million in underwriting discounts and stock issuance costs). For each share of Class A common stock issued by Evolent Health, Inc., the Company received a corresponding Class A common unit from Evolent Health LLC in exchange for contributing the issuance proceeds to Evolent Health LLC. As a result of the Class A common stock and Class A common units issued during the August 2017 Primary, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 96.1% to 96.6% immediately following the August 2017 Primary, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

Secondary Offerings

The Investor Stockholders initiated several Class B Exchanges as part of various secondary offerings during 2017, thus increasing the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC, as discussed below. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the secondary offerings described below.

June 2017 Secondary Offering

In June 2017, the Company completed a secondary offering of 4.5 million shares of its Class A common stock at a price to the underwriters of $25.87 per share (the “June 2017 Secondary”).

The shares sold in the June 2017 SecondaryNovember 2018 Private Sales consisted of 0.70.1 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned by TPG and held by certain Investor Stockholders and 3.80.7 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by certain Investor StockholdersTPG pursuant to Class B Exchanges.The Company did not receive any proceeds from the November 2018 Private Sales. These sales represented all of TPG’s remaining equity interest in the Company and TPG no longer owns any of the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, Class B common stock or Evolent Health LLC Class B common units held by TPG at the time of the IPO.

As a result of these Class B Exchanges and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B common units during the June 2017 Secondary,November 2018 Private Sales, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 90.5%95.3% to 96.1% immediately following the June 2017 Secondary, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

May 2017 Secondary Offering

In May 2017, the Company completed a secondary offering of 7.0 million shares of its Class A common stock at a price to the underwriters of $24.30 per share (the “May 2017 Secondary”). The shares were sold by the Investor Stockholders and certain management selling stockholders (together with the Investor Stockholders, the “Selling Stockholders”).

The shares sold in the May 2017 Secondary consisted of 3.1 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned and held by the Selling Stockholders, 3.8 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by certain Investor Stockholders pursuant to Class B Exchanges and 0.1 million shares issued upon the exercise of options by certain management selling stockholders.

As a result of these Class B Exchanges and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B units during the May 2017 Secondary, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 84.9% to 90.5% immediately following the May 2017 Secondary, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

March 2017 Secondary Offering

In March 2017, the Company completed a secondary offering of 7.5 million shares of its Class A common stock at a price to the underwriters of $19.53 per share (the “March 2017 Secondary”).

The shares sold in the March 2017 Secondary consisted of 3.1 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned and held by the Investor Stockholders and 4.4 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by certain Investor Stockholders pursuant to Class B Exchanges.


As a result of these Class B Exchanges and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B units during the March 2017 Secondary, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 77.4% to 83.9% immediately following the March 2017 Secondary, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

In connection with the March 2017 Secondary, the underwriters exercised, in full, their option to purchase an additional 1.1 million shares of Class A common stock (the “March 2017 Option to Purchase Additional Shares”) from the Investor Stockholders at a price of $19.53 per share. The March 2017 Option to Purchase Additional Shares closed in May 2017.

The shares sold in the March 2017 Option to Purchase Additional Shares consisted of 0.5 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned and held by certain Investor Stockholders. It also included 0.6 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by certain Investor Stockholders pursuant to Class B Exchanges.

As a result of the Class B Exchanges and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B units during the March 2017 Option to Purchase Additional Shares, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 83.9% to 84.9% immediately following the March 2017 Option to Purchase Additional Shares,November 2018 Private Sales, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

The June 2017 Secondary, May 2017 Secondary, March 2017 Secondary and March 2017 Option to Purchase Additional Shares are collectively referred to as the “2017 Secondary Offerings.”

The Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC will increase if further Class B Exchanges occur.

Asset Acquisitions

Accordion Health, Inc.

On June 8, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire Accordion Health, Inc. (“Accordion”) for $3.2 million (the “Accordion Purchase Agreement”). Accordion provides technology that the Company believes enhances its risk-adjustment factor (“RAF”) services to its partners. In addition to technology assets, the software development team from Accordion joined Evolent as full-time employees. Under the terms of the Accordion Purchase Agreement, members of the software development team will be eligible for an additional $0.8 million earn-out, contingent upon the completion of specified software development targets.

We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in a single identified asset, thus satisfying the requirements of the screen test introduced in ASU 2017-01. The assets acquired in the transaction were measured based on the amount of cash paid to Accordion, including transaction costs, as the fair value of the assets given was more readily determinable than the fair value of the assets received. We classified and designated the identifiable assets acquired as a $3.3 million technology intangible asset, inclusive of approximately $0.1 million of capitalized transaction costs. We also assessed and determined the useful life of the acquired intangible assets to be five years, subject to amortization. The Company will account for the contingent earn-out as a post-acquisition expense as the specified software development targets are achieved. The transaction was a taxable stock acquisition and the Company recognized deferred tax liability of $2.0 million related to the book-tax basis difference in the acquired asset, which resulted in a $2.0 million increase in the value of the intangible asset. The additional deferred tax liability represents a future source of taxable income that enables the Company to release some of its previously established valuation allowance, the reduction of which is accounted for outside of acquisition accounting, resulting in income tax benefit.


5. Revenue Recognition

As discussedOur Services segment derives revenue from two sources: (1) transformation services and (2) platform and operations services.

Transformation Services Revenue
Transformation services consist of implementation services whereby we assist the customer in Note 3,launching its population health or health plan strategy. In certain cases, transformation services can also include revenue associated with our support of certain one-time wind-down activities for clients who are exiting a line of business or population. The transformation services are usually completed within 12 months. We generally receive a fixed fee for transformation services and recognize revenue over time using an input method based on hours incurred compared to the total estimated hours required to satisfy our performance obligation.
Platform and Operations Services Revenue
Platform and operations services generally include multi-year arrangements with customers to provide various population health, health plan operations, specialty care management (through performance-based arrangements) and claims processing services on an ongoing basis, as well as transition or run-out services to customers receiving primarily TPA services. Our performance obligation in these arrangements is to provide an integrated suite of services, including access to our platform that is customized to meet the specialized needs of our customers and members. Generally, we adopted ASU 2014-09, effective January 1, 2018,will apply the series guidance to the performance obligation as we have determined that each time increment is distinct. We primarily utilize a variable fee structure for these services that typically include a monthly payment that is calculated based on a specified per member per month rate, multiplied by the number of members that our partners are managing under a value-based care arrangement or a percentage of plan premiums. Our arrangements may also include other variable fees related to service level agreements, shared medical savings arrangements and other performance measures. Variable consideration is estimated using the most likely amount based on our historical experience and best judgment at the time. Due to the nature of our arrangements certain estimates may be constrained if it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur when the uncertainty is resolved. We recognize revenue for platform and operations services over time using the time elapsed output method. Fixed consideration is recognized ratably over the contract term. In accordance with the series guidance, we allocate variable consideration to the period to which introduces ASC 606. See Note 2 for the updated revenue recognition policyfees relate.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Our contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations, primarily when the customer has requested both transformation services and platform and operations services as these services are distinct from one another. When a contract has multiple performance obligations, we allocate the impact of adopting the new revenue recognition standardtransaction price to each performance obligation based on the Company’s financial statements. The followingrelative standalone selling price using the expected cost margin approach. This approach requires estimates regarding both the level of effort it will take to satisfy the performance obligation as well as fees that will be received under the variable pricing model. We also take into

consideration customer demographics, current market conditions, the scope of services and our overall pricing strategy and objectives when determining the standalone selling price.
Principal vs Agent
We occasionally use third parties to assist in satisfying our performance obligations. In order to determine whether we are other relevant disclosures as requiredthe principal or agent in the arrangement, we review each third-party relationship on a contract by contract basis. We are an agent when our role is to arrange for another entity to provide the adoption of ASU 2014-09. Provisions within ASC 606services to the customer. In these instances, we do not control the service before it is provided and recognize revenue on a net basis. We are only applicablethe principal when we control the good or service prior to revenues derived from our Services segment.transferring control to the customer. We recognize revenue on a gross basis when we are the principal in the arrangement.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table represents Evolent’s Services segment revenue disaggregated by revenue type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands), excluding revenues from our True Health segment and from our downside risk sharing arrangements through our insurance subsidiary, which are accounted for under ASC 944, Financial Services-Insurance.

For the ThreeFor the Six For the Three
Months Ended Months Ended
June 30, March 31,
 2018 2018  2019 2018
Services Revenue         
Transformation services $8,215
 $14,720
  $3,353
 $6,505
Platform and operations services 110,836
 219,284
  147,292
 108,420

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

For contracts with a term that is greater than one year, we have allocated approximately $139.584.6 million of transaction price to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of June 30, 2018.March 31, 2019. We do not include variable consideration that is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation accounted for under the series guidance in the calculation. As a result, the balance represents the value of the fixed consideration in our long-term contracts that we expect will be recognized as revenue in a future period and excludes the majority of our platform and operations revenue, which is primarily derived based on variable consideration as discussed in Note 2. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 65%56% and 88% of these remaining performance obligations by December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2020, respectively, with the remaining balance to be recognized thereafter. However, because our existing contracts may be canceled or renegotiated including for reasons outside our control, the amount of this revenue that we actually receive may be less than this estimate.estimate and the timing of recognition may not be as expected.

Contract Balances

Contract balances consist of accounts receivable, contract assets and deferred revenue. Contract assets are recorded when the right to consideration for services is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets relating to unbilled receivables are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. We classify contract assets as current or noncurrent based on the timing of our rights to the unconditional payments. Our contract assets are generally classified as current and recorded within “Contract assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. Our current accounts receivable are classified within “Accounts receivable, net” on our consolidated balance sheets and our noncurrent accounts receivable are classified within “Prepaid expenses and other noncurrent assets” on our consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred revenue includes advance customer payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. We classify deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. Our current deferred revenue is recorded within “Deferred revenue” on our consolidated balance sheets, and noncurrent deferred revenue is recorded within “Other long-term liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets.


The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue from contracts with customers (in thousands):

 As of As of  As of As of 
June 30,January 1,March 31,December 31,
 2018 2018 2019 2018
Receivables (1)
 $69,064
 $47,131
 
Short-term receivables (1)
 $63,886
 $78,380
 
Long-term receivables (1)
 6,550
 6,550
 
Short-term contract assets 3,008
 3,710
  1,282
 2,102
 
Long-term contract assets 1,267
 1,791
  1,695
 961
 
Short-term deferred revenue 29,818
 26,147
  22,320
 20,584
 
Long-term deferred revenue 1,405
 493
  443
 1,502
 
(1) Excludes pharmacy claims receivable and premiums receivable

DuringChanges in contract assets and deferred revenue for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018, our contract asset balance decreased by $1.2 million, primarilyMarch 31, 2019, were as a result of transfers to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, our deferred revenue increased by $4.6 million, primarily as a result of new contracts and increased pre-billing for services.follows (in thousands):

Contract assets  
Balance as of beginning-of-period $3,063
Reclass to receivables, as the right  
to consideration becomes unconditional (1,183)
Contract assets recognized, net of  
reclass to receivables 1,097
Balance as of end-of-period $2,977
Deferred revenue  
Balance as of beginning-of-period $22,086
Reclass to revenue, as a result  
of performance obligations satisfied (11,807)
Cash received in advance of satisfaction  
of performance obligations 12,484
Balance as of end-of-period $22,763

The amount of revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was $4.4 million and $13.3 million, respectively. The amount of revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019, from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods due to net gain share, service-level agreement true-ups and changes in estimates, was $2.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively.immaterial.

Contract CostsCost Assets

Certain bonuses and commissions earned by our sales team are considered incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that we expect to be recoverable. The capitalized contract acquisition costs are classified as noncurrent assets and recorded within “Contract cost assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense is recorded within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of June 30,March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $1.92.5 million and $1.5 million of contract acquisition cost assets, net of accumulated amortization, andamortization. The Company recorded amortization expense of $0.1 millionand less than $0.1$0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In our platforms and operations arrangements, we incur certain costs related to the implementation of our platform before we begin to satisfy our performance obligation to the customer. The costs, which we expect to recover, are considered costs to fulfill a contract. Our contract fulfillment costs primarily include our employee labor costs and third partythird-party vendor costs. The capitalized contract fulfillment costs are classified as noncurrent and recorded within “Contract cost assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense is recorded within “Cost of revenue” on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of June 30,March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $9.020.0 million and 17.6 million of contract fulfillment cost assets, net of accumulated amortization, andamortization. The Company recorded amortization expense of $0.51.2 million and $1.00.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


The majority of the contract cost balance was recorded as part of the transition adjustment that was recorded upon implementation of ASC 606. These costs are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be five years. The period of benefit was based on our technology, the nature of our customer arrangements and other factors.


6. Property and Equipment, Net

The following summarizes our property and equipment (in thousands):
 
 As of As of  As of As of 
June 30,December 31,March 31,December 31,
 2018 2017  2019 2018 
Computer hardware $7,256
 $5,667
  $10,850
 $10,421
 
Furniture and equipment 3,011
 2,448
  3,226
 3,187
 
Internal-use software development costs 66,650
 48,557
  90,284
 81,640
 
Leasehold improvements 9,668
 8,708
  10,011
 10,118
 
Total property and equipment 86,585
 65,380
  114,371
 105,366
 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (21,955) (14,458)  (36,992) (31,738) 
Total property and equipment, net $64,630
 $50,922
  $77,379
 $73,628
 

The Company capitalized $7.6$8.7 million and $18.1$10.5 million of internal-use software development costs for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $6.2 million and $12.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The net book value of capitalized internal-use software development costs was $54.8$67.4 million and $42.1$62.8 million as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively.

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $3.9$5.2 million and $7.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively,March 31, 2019, of which amortization expense related to capitalized internal-use software development costs was $2.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively.$4.1 million. Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $1.9 million and $3.7$3.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively,March 31, 2018, of which amortization expense related to capitalized internal-use software development costs was $0.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.$2.5 million.

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill

Goodwill has an estimated indefinite life and is not amortized; rather, it is reviewed for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.

The Company has twothree reporting units: Legacy Services, New Century Health and True Health. Our annual goodwill impairment review occurs during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. In interim periods between annual goodwill reviews, we also evaluate qualitative factors that could cause us to believe the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units may be lower than the carrying value and trigger a quantitative assessment, including, but not limited to (i) macroeconomic conditions, (ii) industry and market considerations, (iii) our overall financial performance, including an analysis of our current and projected cash flows, revenues and earnings, (iv) a sustained decrease in share price and (v) other relevant entity-specific events including changes in strategy, partners, or litigation.

We did not identify any qualitative factors that would trigger a quantitative goodwill impairment test during the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018.March 31, 2019. We will perform our annual impairment test as of October 31, 2018.2019.


The following tables summarize the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the periods presented (in thousands):

 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 
 Services True Health Consolidated Services True Health Consolidated
Balance as of beginning-of-period (1)
 $628,186
 $—
 $628,186
  $762,419
 $5,705
 $768,124
 
Goodwill Acquired (2)
 1,234
 5,826
 7,060
  2,200
 —
 2,200
 
Measurement period adjustments (2)
 128
 —
 128
  —
 —
 —
 
Foreign currency translation (2)
 (92) —
 (92)  10
 —
 10
 
Balance as of end-of-period $629,456
 $5,826
 $635,282
  $764,629
 $5,705
 $770,334
 

(1) Net of cumulative inception to date impairment of $160.6 million.

  For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 
  Services  True Health Consolidated
Balance as of beginning-of-period (1)
 $628,186
  $—
  $628,186
 
Goodwill Acquired (2)
 134,343
  5,826
  140,169
 
Measurement period adjustments (3)
 4
  (121)  (117) 
Foreign currency translation (4)
 (114)  —
  (114) 
Balance as of end-of-period $762,419
  $5,705
  $768,124
 

(1) Net of cumulative inception to date impairment of $160.6 million.
(2)Goodwill acquired measurementprimarily as a result of the New Century Health and True Health transactions, as discussed in Note 4.
(3) Measurement period adjustments and foreign currency translation are all related to transactions completed during the first quarter of 2018.

  For the Year 
  Ended 
  December 31,
  
2017 (1)
 
Balance as of beginning-of-period (2)
 $626,569
 
Measurement period adjustments (3)
 1,617
 
Balance as of end-of-period $628,186
 

(1)(4) All of the goodwill was allocatedForeign currency translation related to the Services segment as of December 31, 2017, as the True Health segment was not established untila transaction completed during the first quarter of 2018.
(2) Net of cumulative inception to date impairment of $160.6 million.
(3) Represents measurement period adjustments related to Valence Health and Aldera. See “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 4” in our 2017 Form 10-K for further information regarding the Valence Health and Aldera transactions.

Intangible Assets, Net

Details of our intangible assets (in thousands) are presented below:

  As of June 30, 2018
  Weighted-  
  Average Gross   Net
 RemainingCarryingAccumulatedCarrying
  Useful LifeAmountAmortizationValue
Corporate trade name 16.9 $19,000
 $2,928
 $16,072
Customer relationships (1)
 19.8 208,719
 23,125
 185,594
Technology 2.6 55,933
 24,114
 31,819
Below market lease, net 4.5 4,097
 2,833
 1,264
Provider network contracts 4.5 2,300
 230
 2,070
Total   $290,049
 $53,230
 $236,819

(1) The increase in the gross carrying amount of the customer relationships intangible is attributable to $2.7 million of acquired customer relationships from the NMHC transaction and $2.5 million related the Vestica Healthcare LLC (“Vestica”) transaction. The Company acquired certain assets from Vestica in March 2016. The transaction included additional consideration of up to $4.0 million, which was being held in escrow and was recorded within “Prepaid expenses and other non-current assets” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In February 2018, the Company and Vestica reached an agreement to settle $3.5 million of the $4.0 million in escrow. Based on the terms of the settlement agreement, the Company reclassified the unamortized portion of the additional consideration from “Prepaid expenses and other non-current assets” into “Customer relationships” as of the settlement date. See Note 4 for further information about the NMHC transaction and see “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 4” of our 2017 Form 10-K for further information about the Vestica transaction.
  As of March 31, 2019
  Weighted-      
  Average Gross   Net
 RemainingCarryingAccumulatedCarrying
  Useful LifeAmountAmortizationValue
Corporate trade name 14.9 $23,300
 $3,856
 $19,444
Customer relationships 17.6 291,519
 32,818
 258,701
Technology 2.7 82,922
 36,261
 46,661
Below market lease, net 3.8 4,097
 3,037
 1,060
Provider network contracts 4.4 11,900
 1,535
 10,365
Total   $413,738
 $77,507
 $336,231

 As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2018
 Weighted-   Weighted-      
 Average Gross   Net Average Gross   Net
RemainingCarryingAccumulatedCarryingRemainingCarryingAccumulatedCarrying
Useful LifeAmountAmortizationValueUseful LifeAmountAmortizationValue
Corporate trade name 17.4 $19,000
 $2,454
 $16,546
 15.2 $23,300
 $3,511
 $19,789
Customer relationships 20.5 203,500
 18,312
 185,188
 18.1 281,219
 29,184
 252,035
Technology 3.1 55,802
 17,810
 37,992
 3.0 82,922
 31,764
 51,158
Below market lease, net 4.8 4,197
 2,662
 1,535
 4.0 4,097
 3,003
 1,094
Provider network contracts 4.6 11,900
 940
 10,960
Total $282,499
 $41,238
 $241,261
 $403,438
 $68,402
 $335,036


Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $6.0 million and $11.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $4.9$9.1 million and $9.7$5.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Future estimated amortization of intangible assets (in thousands) as of March 31, 2019, is as follows:

2019$28,419
202033,309
202129,173
202225,292
202322,528
Thereafter197,510
Total$336,231

Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment if circumstances indicate the Company may not be able to recover the assets’ carrying value. We did not identify any circumstances during sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, that would require an impairment test for our intangible assets.

8. Long-term Debt

2025 Notes

In October 2018, the Company issued $172.5 million aggregate principal amount of its 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2025 Notes were issued at par for net proceeds of $166.6 million. We incurred $5.9 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the 2025 Notes. The closing of the private placement of $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes occurred on October 22, 2018, and the Company completed the offering and sale of an additional $22.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes on October 24, 2018, pursuant to the initial purchasers’ exercise in full of their option to purchase additional notes.

Holders of the 2025 Notes are entitled to cash interest payments, which are payable semiannually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning on April 15, 2019, at a rate equal to 1.50% per annum. The Company recorded interest expense of $0.6 million related to the 2025 Notes for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The 2025 Notes will mature on October 15, 2025, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders only upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, as described in the indenture, dated as of October 22, 2018, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. At any time on or after April 15, 2025, until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert, at their option, all or any portion of their notes at the conversion rate.

The 2025 Notes will be convertible at an initial conversion rate of 29.9135 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $33.43 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock. In the aggregate, the 2025 Notes are initially convertible into 5.2 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (excluding any shares issuable by the Company upon a conversion in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or a notice of redemption as described in the governing indenture). The conversion rate may be adjusted under certain circumstances. The 2025 Notes are convertible, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash or shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, at the Company’s election.

The option to settle the 2025 Notes in cash or shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, at the Company’s election, resulted in a bifurcation of the carrying value of the 2025 Notes into a debt component and an equity component. The debt component was determined to be $100.7 million, before issuance costs, based on the fair value of a nonconvertible debt instrument with the same term. The equity component was determined to be $71.8 million, before issuance costs, and was recorded within additional paid-in capital. The equity component is the difference between the aggregate principal amount of the debt and the debt component. Issuance costs of $5.9 million are also allocated to the debt and equity components in proportion to the allocation of proceeds. Of the $5.9 million in issuance costs, $3.4 million of issuance costs is allocated to the debt component which, along with the equity component of $71.8 million, will be amortized to non-cash interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the 2025 Notes. The equity component recorded within

additional paid-in capital will not be remeasured as long as it meets the conditions for equity classification. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded $2.0 million in non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of the debt discount and the issuance costs allocated to the debt component.

Holders of the 2025 Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or part of their notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the notes being repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The Company may not redeem the 2025 Notes prior to October 20, 2022. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2025 Notes, at its option, on or after October 20, 2022, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock has been at least 130.0% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

2021 Notes

In December 2016, the Company issued $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”) in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2021 Notes were issued at par for net proceeds of $120.4 million. We incurred $4.6 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the 2021 Notes, which we are amortizing to non-cash interest expense using the straight line method over the contractual term of the 2021 Notes, since this method was not materially different from the effective interest method. The closing of the private placement of the 2021 Notes occurred on December 5, 2016.

Holders of the 2021 Notes are entitled to cash interest payments, which are payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2017, at a rate equal to 2.00% per annum. The 2021 Notes will mature on December 1, 2021, unless earlier repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. In addition, holders of the 2021 Notes may require the Company to repurchase their 2021 Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a price equal to 100.00%100.0% of the principal amount of the 2021 Notes being repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest. Upon maturity, and at the option of the holders of the 2021 Notes, the principal amount of the notes may be settled via shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, the Company recorded approximately $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in interest expense and $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of deferred financing costs.

The 2021 Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, based on an initial conversion rate of 41.6082 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2021 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $24.03 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock. In the aggregate, the 2021 Notes are initially convertible into 5.2 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (excluding any shares issuable by the Company upon a conversion in connection with a make-whole provision upon a fundamental change under the indenture between Evolent Health, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 2.00% convertible senior notes due 2021, dated as of December 5, 2016).

The 2021 Notes are convertible, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, we will deliver for each $1,000 principal amount of notes converted a number of shares of our Class A common stock equal to the applicable conversion rate (together with a cash payment in lieu of delivering any fractional share) on the third business day following the relevant conversion date.

Convertible Senior Notes Carrying Value

While theThe 2025 Notes and 2021 Notes are recorded on our accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets at their net carrying valuevalues of $121.9$100.8 million and $122.5 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019. However, the 2025 Notes and 2021 Notes are privately traded by qualified institutional buyers (within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) and their fair value wasvalues as of March 31, 2019, were $136.7 million and $139.8121.4 million, respectively, based on a traded priceprices on June 27April 3, 2018,2019, and March 28, 2019, respectively, which are a Level 2 input.inputs. The fair valuevalues of the 2025 Notes and 2021 Notes as of December 31, 2017, was $120.42018, were $158.8 million and $133.6 million, respectively, based on a traded priceprices on December 29, 2017, a28, 2018, and December 26, 2018, respectively, which are Level 2 input.inputs. The 2025 Notes and 2021 Notes also have embedded conversion options and contingent interest provisions, which have not been recorded as separate financial instruments.


The following table summarizes the carrying value of the long-term debt (in thousands):

 As of As of  As of As of 
June 30,December 31,March 31,December 31,
 2018 2017  2019 2018 
2025 Notes     
Carrying value $121,853
 $121,394
  $100,779
 $98,730
 
Unamortized discount 3,147
 3,606
 
Unamortized debt discount and     
issuance costs allocated to debt 71,721
 73,770
 
Principal amount $125,000
 $125,000
  $172,500
 $172,500
 
Remaining amortization period (years) 3.4
 3.9
  6.5
 6.8
 
     
2021 Notes     
Carrying value $122,541
 $122,311
 
Unamortized issuance costs 2,459
 2,689
 
Principal amount $125,000
 $125,000
 
Remaining amortization period (years) 2.7
 2.9
 


9. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Commitments to Equity-Method Investees

The Company has contractual arrangements with certain equity-method investees that will require the Company to provide operating capital and reserve support in the form of debt financing of up to $11.0 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, in accordance with the Company’s contribution agreements with certain equity-method investees. These obligations are outside of Company’s control and payment could be requested during 2019.

Letter of Credit

During the first quarter of 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to provide a letter of credit, for up to $5.0 million, to assist a customer in demonstrating adequate reserves to the customer’s state regulatory authorities. The letter of credit is effective from September 30, 2017 through June 30, 2019, and carries a quarterly facility rental fee of 0.8% per annum on the amount of the outstanding balance. The letter of credit will terminate on June 30, 2019. The letter of credit is presented at the face amount plus accrued facility rental fee, less received payments. There were no outstanding balances related to this letter of credit as of March 31, 2019, or December 31, 2018.

Lease Commitments

The Company enters into various office space, data center, and equipment lease agreements in conducting its normal business operations. In connection with certain office space lease agreements, the Company is required to maintain $3.7 million in letters of credit and, as such, held $3.7 million in restricted cash and restricted investments as collateral for the letters of credit as of March 31, 2019. Refer to Note 10 for additional discussion regarding leases.

Indemnifications

The Company’s customer agreements generally include a provision by which the Company agrees to defend its partners against third-party claims (a) for death, bodily injury, or damage to personal property caused by Company negligence or willful misconduct, (b) by former or current Company employees arising from such managed service agreements, (c) for intellectual property infringement under specified conditions and (d) for Company violation of applicable laws, and to indemnify them against any damages and costs awarded in connection with such claims. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnities and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.


Pre-IPO Investor Registration Rights Agreement

We entered into a registration rights agreement with The Advisory Board, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (“UPMC”), TPG and another investor to register for sale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shares of our Class A common stock, including those delivered in exchange for Class B common stock and Class B common units. Subject to certain conditions and limitations, this agreement provides these investors with certain demand, piggyback and shelf registration rights. The registration rights granted under the registration rights agreement will terminate upon the date the holders of shares that are a party thereto no longer hold any such shares that are entitled to registration rights. Pursuant to our contractual obligations under this agreement, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC on July 28, 2016, which was declared effective on August 12, 2016.

We will pay all expenses relating to any demand, piggyback or shelf registration, other than underwriting discounts and commissions and any transfer taxes, subject to specified conditions and limitations. The registration rights agreement includes customary indemnification provisions, including indemnification of the participating holders of shares of Class A common stock and their directors, officers and employees by us for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities in respect thereof and expenses to which such holders may become subject under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, state law or otherwise. We did not incur any expenses related to secondary offerings or other sales of shares by our Investor Stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Guarantees
As part of our strategy to support certain of our partners in the Next Generation Accountable Care Program, we entered into upside and downside risk sharing arrangements. Our downside risk-sharing arrangements are limited to our fees and are executed through our wholly-owned captive insurance company. To satisfy the capital requirements of our captive insurance entity as well as state insurance regulators, Evolent entered into letters of credit of $34.8 million as of March 31, 2019, to secure potential losses related to insurance services. This amount is in excess of our actuarial assessment of loss.

Reinsurance Agreements
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company had entered into a 15-month, $10.0 million capital-only reinsurance agreement with NMHC, which expired on December 31, 2018. The purpose of the capital-only reinsurance was to provide balance sheet support to NMHC. There was no uncertainty to the outcome of the agreement as there was no transfer of underwriting risk to Evolent or True Health, and neither Evolent nor True Health was at risk for any cash payments on behalf of NMHC. As a result, this agreement did not qualify for reinsurance accounting. The Company recorded a quarterly fee of approximately $0.2 million as non-operating income on its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and maintained $10.0 million within “Restricted Cash and Restricted Investments” on its consolidated balance sheets for the duration of the reinsurance agreement.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company terminated its prior reinsurance agreement with NMHC and entered into a 15-month quota-share reinsurance agreement with NMHC (“Reinsurance Agreement”). Under the terms of the Reinsurance Agreement, NMHC will cede 90% of its gross premiums to the Company and the Company will indemnify NMHC for 90% of its claims liability. The maximum amount of exposure to the Company is capped at 105% of premiums ceded to the Company by NMHC. The Reinsurance Agreement qualified for reinsurance accounting due to the deemed risk transfer and, as such, the Company will record the full amount of the gross reinsurance premiums and claims assumed by the Company within “Premiums” and “Claims Expenses,” respectively, and record claims-related administrative expenses within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) from the legal effective date of the Reinsurance Agreement. Amounts owed to NMHC under the Reinsurance Agreement are recorded within “Reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements” on our consolidated balance sheets. Amounts owed by NMHC under the Reinsurance Agreement are recorded within “Accounts receivable, net” on our consolidated balance sheets.


The following table summarizes premiums and claims assumed under the Reinsurance Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Reinsurance premiums assumed$25,441
Claims assumed21,151
Claims-related administrative expenses4,282
(Increase) decrease in reserves for claims and performance-based 
arrangements attributable to the Reinsurance Agreement8
Reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements 
attributable to the Reinsurance Agreement at the beginning of the period1,243
Reinsurance payments1,243
Receivables for claims and performance-based arrangements 
attributable to the Reinsurance Agreement at the end of the period$8

UPMC Reseller Agreement

The Company and UPMC are parties to a reseller, services and non-competition agreement, dated August 31, 2011, which was amended and restated by the parties on June 27, 2013 (as amended through the date hereof, the “UPMC Reseller Agreement”). Under the terms of the UPMC Reseller Agreement, UPMC has appointed the Company as a non-exclusive reseller of certain services, subject to certain conditions and limitations specified in the UPMC Reseller Agreement. In consideration for the Company’s obligations under the UPMC Reseller Agreement and subject to certain conditions described therein, UPMC has agreed not to sell certain products and services directly to a defined list of 20 of the Company’s customers.

The Advisory Board Company Reseller Agreement

The Company and The Advisory Board were parties to a services, reseller, and non-competition agreement, dated August 31, 2011, which was amended and restated by the parties on June 27, 2013, and May 1, 2015 (as so amended, “The Advisory Board Company Reseller Agreement”), which terminated on July 20, 2017. Under the terms of The Advisory Board Company Reseller Agreement, The Advisory Board provided certain services to the Company on an as-requested basis.  In addition, The Advisory Board had a right of first offer to provide certain specified services during the term of the Agreement and had the right to collect certain fees for specified referrals. Pursuant to the Advisory Board Company Reseller Agreement, Evolent entered into a services agreement with The Advisory Board in October 2016 whereby The Advisory Board will provide certain services to the Company in conjunction with risk adjustment services provided to one of our customers.

Contingencies

Tax Receivables Agreement

In connection with the Offering Reorganization (as described in our 2018 Form 10-K), the Company entered into the Tax Receivables Agreement (the “TRA”) with certain of its investors, which provides for the payment by the Company to these investors of 85% of the amount of the tax benefits, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of increases in our tax basis related to exchanges of Class B common units as well as tax benefits attributable to the future utilization of pre-IPO NOLs. These payment obligations are obligations of the Company. For purposes of the TRA, the benefit deemed realized by the Company will be computed by comparing its actual income tax liability to the amount of such taxes that the Company would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the assets of the Company as a result of the exchanges or had the Company had no NOL carryforward balance. The actual amount and timing of any payments under the TRA will vary depending upon a number of factors, including:
 
the timing of the exchanges and the price of the Class A shares at the time of the transaction, triggering a tax basis increase in the Company’s asset and a corresponding benefit to be realized under the TRA; and
the amount and timing of our taxable income - the Company will be required to pay 85% of the tax savings as and when realized, if any. If the Company does not have taxable income, it will not be required to make payments under the TRA for that taxable year because no tax savings were actually realized.

Due to the items noted above, and the fact that the CompanyEvolent Health, Inc. is in a full valuation allowance position such that the deferred tax assets related to the Company’s historical pre-IPO losses and tax basis increase benefit from exchanges have not been realized, the Company has not recorded a liability pursuant to the TRA.

Litigation Matters

We are engaged from time to time in certain legal disputes arising in the ordinary course of business, including employment claims. When the likelihood of a loss contingency becomes probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the loss contingency. We continue to review accruals and adjust them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained, and our views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations or legal proceedings change, changes in our accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made. The Company is not aware of any legal proceedings or claims as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, that the Company believes will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or result of operations.


Commitments

Commitments to Equity-Method Investees

The Company has contractual arrangements with its equity-method investees that will require the Company to provide operating capital support in the form of equity financing of up to $5.4 million as of June 30, 2018, in accordance with the Company’s contribution agreements with its equity-method investees. These obligations are outside of Company’s control and payment could be requested during 2018. The Company did not have any contingent commitments to equity-method investees as of December 31, 2017.

Letter of Credit

During the first quarter of 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to provide a letter of credit, for up to $5.0 million, to assist a customer in demonstrating adequate reserves to the customer’s state regulatory authorities. The letter of credit is effective from September 30, 2017 through June 30, 2019, and carries a quarterly facility rental fee of 0.80% per annum on the amount of the outstanding balance. The letter of credit will terminate after June 30, 2019. The letter of credit is presented at the face amount plus accrued facility rental fee, less received payments. There was no outstanding balance related to this letter of credit as of June 30, 2018, or December 31, 2017.

Lease Commitments

The Company has entered into lease agreements for its primary office locations in Arlington, Virginia, Lisle, Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, Albuquerque, New Mexico and Pune, India. Certain leases acquired as part of the Valence Health transaction included existing sublease agreements for office locations in Chicago, Illinois. The Company also has several smaller leases in various locations within Texas and California. Total rental expense, net of sublease income, on operating leases was $3.5 million and $6.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $2.4 million and $5.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

In connection with various lease agreements, the Company is required to maintain $3.7 million in letters of credit and, as such, held $3.7 million in restricted cash and restricted investments as collateral for the letters of credit as of June 30, 2018.

Indemnifications

The Company’s customer agreements generally include a provision by which the Company agrees to defend its partners against third-party claims (a) for death, bodily injury, or damage to personal property caused by Company negligence or willful misconduct, (b) by former or current Company employees arising from such managed service agreements, (c) for intellectual property infringement under specified conditions and (d) for Company violation of applicable laws, and to indemnify them against any damages and costs awarded in connection with such claims. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnities and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Registration rights agreement

We entered into a registration rights agreement with The Advisory Board, UPMC, TPG and another investor to register for sale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shares of our Class A common stock, including those delivered in exchange for Class B common stock and Class B common units. Subject to certain conditions and limitations, this agreement provides these investors with certain demand, piggyback and shelf registration rights. The registration rights granted under the registration rights agreement will terminate upon the date the holders of shares that are a party thereto no longer hold any such shares that are entitled to registration rights. Pursuant to our contractual obligations under this agreement, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC on July 28, 2016, which was declared effective on August 12, 2016.

Pursuant to certain terms of the registration rights agreement, certain Investor Stockholders sold 19.7 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock during the 2017 Secondary Offerings, as discussed in Note 4. The Company incurred$1.0 million and $1.3 million in expenses related to the 2017 Secondary Offerings for thethree and six months ended June 30, 2017, pursuant to the terms of the registration rights agreement. The expenses were recorded within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We did not incur any expenses related to secondary offerings or other sales of shares by our Investor Stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

We will continue to pay all expenses relating to any demand, piggyback or shelf registration, other than underwriting discounts and commissions and any transfer taxes, subject to specified conditions and limitations. The registration rights agreement includes customary indemnification provisions, including indemnification of the participating holders of shares of Class A common stock and

their directors, officers and employees by us for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities in respect thereof and expenses to which such holders may become subject under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, state law or otherwise.
Guarantees
As part of our strategy to support certain of our partners in the Next Generation Accountable Care Program, we entered into upside and downside risk sharing arrangements. Our downside risk-sharing arrangements are limited to our fees and are executed through our wholly-owned captive insurance company. To satisfy the capital requirements of our insurance entity as well as state insurance regulators, Evolent entered into letters of credit of $21.9 million as of June 30, 2018, to secure potential losses related to insurance services. This amount is in excess of our actuarial assessment of loss.

Reinsurance Agreement
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company entered into a 15-month, $10.0 million capital-only reinsurance arrangement with NMHC, expiring on December 31, 2018. The purpose of the capital-only reinsurance is to provide balance sheet support to NMHC. There is no uncertainty to the outcome of the arrangement as there is no transfer of underwriting risk to Evolent or True Health, and neither Evolent nor True Health is at risk for any cash payments on behalf of NMHC. As a result, this arrangement does not qualify for reinsurance accounting. The Company will record a quarterly fee of approximately $0.2 million as non-operating income on its consolidated statements of operations and will maintain $10.0 million in restricted cash and restricted investments on its consolidated balance sheets for the duration of the reinsurance agreement.
Credit and Concentration Risk

The Company is subject to significant concentrations of credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, approximately 80.3% 59.2%of our $254.3227.5 million of cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash) were held in bank deposits with FDIC participating banks, approximately 40.4%19.3% were held in money market funds and less than 1.0% were held in international banks. While the Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings, it often maintains these deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any realized losses on cash and cash equivalents to date.

The Company is also subject to significant concentration of accounts receivable risk as a substantial portion of our trade accounts receivable is derived from a small number of our partners. The following table summarizes those partners who represented at least 10.0% of our trade accounts receivable for the periods presented:
 
  As of  As of 
 June 30,December 31,
  2018  2017 
Customer B 27.0%  32.1% 
Customer C *
  11.8% 
Customer D *
  16.5% 
* Represents less than 10.0% of the respective balance
  As of  As of 
 March 31,December 31,
  2019  2018 
Customer C 15.4%  23.3% 

In addition, the Company is subject to significant concentration of revenue risk as a substantial portion of our revenue is derived from a small number of contractual relationships with our operating partners.
 
The following table summarizes those partners who represented at least 10.0% of our revenue for the periods presented:
 
 For the Three For the Six For the Three
 Months Ended Months Ended Months Ended
 June 30, June 30, March 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018
Customer A 18.0% 19.2% 19.0% 18.2% 14.0% *
Customer B 10.0% *
 10.3% *
 13.1% 20.1%
Customer C *
 10.4% *
 10.8% *
 10.6%
Customer D *
 10.7% *
 *
 
* Represents less than 10.0% of the respective balance

10. Leases

The Company enters into various office space, data center, and equipment lease agreements in conducting its normal business operations. At the inception of any contract, the Company evaluates the agreement to determine whether the contract contains a lease. If the contract contains a lease, the Company then evaluates the term and whether the lease is an operating or finance lease. Most leases include one or more options to renew or may have a termination option. The Company determines whether these options are reasonably certain to be exercised or not at the inception of the lease. The rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) over the term of the lease. Leases with an initial term or 12 months or less are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets.
As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. Further, the Company treats all lease and non-lease components as a single combined lease component for all classes of underlying assets.
The Company also enters into sublease agreements for some of its leased office space. Rental income attributable to subleases is offset against rent expense over the terms of the respective leases.

The following table summarizes the components of our lease expense (in thousands):

  For the Three
 Months Ended
   March 31, 
  2019 
Operating lease cost $3,281
 
Variable lease cost 1,455
 
Total lease cost $4,736
 

As discussed in Note 3, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019, which resulted in accounting for leases under ASC 842. Prior to the adoption, we accounted for leases under ASC 840. In accordance with ASC 840, rent expense, net of sublease income, on operating leases was $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Maturity of lease liabilities (in thousands) as of March 31, 2019, is as follows:

 Operating lease
 
expense (1)
2019 $5,226
 
2020 8,613
 
2021 8,719
 
2022 7,563
 
2023 7,414
 
2024 and thereafter 47,118
 
Total lease payments 84,653
 
Less:   
Interest 24,017
 
Present value of lease liabilities 60,636
 

(1) We have additional operating lease agreements for office space that have not yet commenced as of March 31, 2019. The minimum lease payments for those leases are $31.1 million and the leases will commence throughout the remainder of 2019.

Our weighted-average discount rate and our weighted-remaining lease terms (in years) is as follows:

As of
March 31,
2019
Weighted average discount rate6.25%
Weighted average remaining lease term9.71

10.11. Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share available for common stockholders (in thousands, except per share data):

For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Net income (loss)$(10,031) $(19,698) $(24,096) $(42,848)$(48,649) $(14,065)
Less:          
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests(115) (2,793) (554) (7,930)(1,910) (439)
Net income (loss) available for common shareholders (1) (2)
$(9,916) $(16,905) $(23,542) $(34,918)$(46,739) $(13,626)
          
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (2) (3)
77,209
 59,478
 76,297
 56,057
79,335
 75,375
          
Earnings (Loss) per Common Share          
Basic$(0.13) $(0.28) $(0.31) $(0.62)$(0.59) $(0.18)
Diluted(0.13) (0.28) (0.31) (0.62)(0.59) (0.18)

(1) 
For periods of net loss, net income (loss) available for common shareholders is the same for both basic and diluted purposes.
(2) 
Each Class B common unit of Evolent Health LLC can be exchanged (together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class B common stock) for one share of our Class A common stock. As holders exchange their Class B common shares for Class A common shares, our interest in Evolent Health LLC will increase. Therefore, shares of our Class B common stock are not considered dilutive shares for the purposes of calculating our diluted earnings (loss) per common share as related adjustment to net income (loss) available for common shareholders would equally offset the additional shares, resulting in the same earnings (loss) per common share.
(3) 
For periods of net loss, shares used in the earnings (loss) per common share calculation represent basic shares as using diluted shares would be anti-dilutive.

Anti-dilutive shares (in thousands) excluded from the calculation of weighted-average common shares presented above are presented below:

For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Exchangeable Class B common stock862
 8,677
 1,498
 11,994
3,190
 2,141
Restricted stock units ("RSUs")938
 607
 784
 546
Restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based RSUs   
and leveraged stock units ("LSUs")1,043
 627
Stock options and performance-based stock options2,591
 3,201
 2,378
 3,059
1,966
 2,162
Convertible senior notes5,201
 5,201
 5,201
 5,201
10,361
 5,201
Total9,592
 17,686
 9,861
 20,800
16,560
 10,131


11.12. Stock-based Compensation

Total compensation expense by award type and line item in our consolidated financial statements was as follows (in thousands):

For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Award Type          
Stock options$2,639
 $4,108
 $4,870
 $8,161
$1,360
 $2,231
Performance-based stock options111
 112
 221
 222
110
 110
RSUs1,968
 1,140
 3,422
 2,081
2,430
 1,454
Performance-based RSUs384
 —
LSUs253
 —
Total$4,718
 $5,360
 $8,513
 $10,464
$4,537
 $3,795
          
Line Item          
Cost of revenue$438
 $391
 $754
 $742
$791
 $316
Selling, general and          
administrative expenses4,280
 4,969
 7,759
 9,722
3,746
 3,479
Total$4,718
 $5,360
 $8,513
 $10,464
$4,537
 $3,795

No stock-based compensation in the totals above was capitalized as software development costs for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Stock-based awards were granted as follows (in thousands):
 
For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Stock options89
 10
 1,050
 877
381
 962
RSUs85
 37
 838
 424
501
 753
LSUs720
 —

12.13. Income Taxes

For interim periods, we recognize an income tax provision (benefit) based on our estimated annual effective tax rate expected for the full year.

The Company recorded $0.1$0.5 million and $0.1 million in income tax benefit and less than $0.1 million in income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which resulted in effective tax rates of 1.0% and 0.4%, respectively. The Company recorded $0.7 million and $0.3 million in income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, which resulted in effective tax rates of 3.4% and 0.7%less than (0.1)%, respectively. The income tax benefit recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, primarily relates to the change in indefinite-lived components and components expected to reverse outsideamortization of the net operating loss carryover periodintangible assets acquired as part of the outside basis difference in our partnership interest inNew Century Health transaction. Furthermore, Evolent Health, LLC. With the exception of these components, the CompanyInc. continues to record a valuation allowance against theits net deferred tax assets. As a resultassets, with the exception of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) enacted on December 22, 2017, and subsequent state jurisdictions conforming to certain provisionsindefinite lived components as part of the Tax Act with respect to the indefinite carryforward period and 80% taxable income limitation on NOLs arising after December 31, 2017, these components of the deferred tax liabilities are comprised of the entire nonconforming state indefinite-lived components and thoseits outside of the NOL carryforward period and a portion of our federal and conforming states components that could not be used as a source of income. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had recorded a provisional estimate of the financial statement impact of the Tax Actbasis difference in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. During the three and six months endedJune 30, 2018, the change in the initial provisional estimates is immaterial. The Company will continue to evaluate any further adjustments necessary through 2018.

As a result of the increase in our ownership of Evolent Health LLC following the March 2018 Private Sale discussed in Note 4 above, the Company reduced the indefinite portion of the deferred tax liability related to the book basis compared to the tax basis in ourits partnership interest in Evolent Health LLC by approximately $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The effect of this change in the deferred tax liability was recorded as additional paid-in capital.

As a result of the increase in our ownership of Evolent Health LLC following the 2017 Secondary Offerings discussed in Note 4 above, the Company reduced the indefinite portion of the deferred tax liability related to the book basis compared to the tax basis in our partnership interest in Evolent Health LLC by approximately $8.6 million and $11.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. The effect of this change in the deferred tax liability was recorded as additional paid-in capital.LLC.

As of December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $0.8$0.9 million that, if recognized, would not affect the effective tax rate. As of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019, there are no changes to the unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions due to the current NOL position. The Company is not currently subject to income tax audits in any U.S., state, or foreign jurisdictions for any tax year.year, with the exception of New Century Health’s examination by the State of California for 2015-2017.

Tax Receivables Agreement

In connection with the Offering Reorganization, the Company entered into the TRA with certain of its investors, which provides for the payment by the Company to these investors of 85% of the amount of the tax benefits, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of increases in our tax basis related to exchanges of Class B common units as well as tax benefits attributable to the future

utilization of pre-IPO NOLs. See Note 9 above and “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 12” in our 20172018 Form 10-K for discussion of our TRA.

13.14. Investments In and Advances to Equity Method Investees

The Company has entered into joint venture agreements with various entities. As of June 30,March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s economic and voting interests in these entities ranged between 4% and 40%. As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s economic interests in these entities ranged between 26% and 40% and voting interests ranged between 27% and 40%. The Company determined that it has significant influence over these entities but that it does not have control over any of the entities. Accordingly, the investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and the Company is allocated its proportional share of the entities’ earnings and losses for each reporting period. The Company’s proportional share of the losses from these investments was approximately $1.3 million and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.6$0.4 million and $1.1$0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company signed services agreements with certain of the aforementioned entities to provide certain management, operational and support services to help manage elements of their service offerings. Revenues related to these services agreements was $0.8 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.2$7.1 million and $0.3less than $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

14.15. Non-controlling Interests

Immediately followingAs discussed in Note 1, Evolent Health, Inc. does not own 100% of the Offering Reorganization and IPO (as described in our 2017 Form 10-K), the Company owned 70.3%economic interests of Evolent Health LLC. The Company’s ownership percentage changes with the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B Exchanges.

The Company completed Following is a description of events that resulted in changes to the 2017 Secondary OfferingsCompany’s ownership percentage during 2017. The shares sold2018. There was no material change in the 2017 Secondary Offerings consisted of 20.1 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, consisting of 7.4 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned and held by certain Selling Stockholders, 12.6 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by certain Investor Stockholders pursuant to Class B Exchanges and 0.1 million shares issued upon the exercise of options by certain management selling stockholders. As a result of these Class B Exchanges and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of its Class B common unitsownership percentage during the 2017 Secondary Offerings, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 77.4% to 96.1% immediately following the June 2017 Secondary, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

In addition, the Company issued 8.8 million shares of its Class A Common Stock during the August 2017 Primary for net proceeds of $166.9 million. For each share of Class A common stock issued by Evolent Health, Inc., the Company received a corresponding Class A common unit from Evolent Health LLC in exchange for contributing the issuance proceeds to Evolent Health LLC. As a result of the Class A common stock and Class A common units issued in conjunction with the August 2017 Primary, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 96.1% to 96.6% immediately following the August 2017 Primary, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.three months ended March 31, 2019.

The Company completed the March 2018 Private Sale during March 2018. The shares sold in the March 2018 Private Sale consisted of 1.2 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned and held by The Advisory Board and 1.8 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by The Advisory Board pursuant to a Class B Exchange.


As a result of this Class B Exchange and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B units during the March 2018 Private Sale, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 96.6% to 98.9% immediately following the March 2018 Private Sale, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

Also during the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 3.1 million shares of Evolent Health LLC’s Class B common units and an equal number of the Company’s Class B common shares as part of the consideration for the New Century Health transaction. The Class B common units, together with a corresponding number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock, can be exchanged for an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. As a result of the Class B common units (and corresponding Class B common shares) issued as part of the New Century Health transaction, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC decreased from 99.0% to 95.3%, immediately following the acquisition.

In addition, the Company completed the November 2018 Private Sales during 2018. The shares sold in the November 2018 Private Sales consisted of 0.1 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned by TPG and 0.7 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by TPG pursuant to Class B Exchanges. As a result of these Class B Exchanges and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B common units during the November 2018 Private Sales, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 95.3% to 96.1% immediately following the November 2018 Private Sales.

As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, we owned 99.0%96.1% and 96.6% of the economic interests in Evolent Health LLC, respectively.LLC. See Note 4 for further discussion of the March 2018 Private Sale, August 2017 Primaryour business combinations and 2017 Secondary Offerings.securities offerings.


Changes in non-controlling interests (in thousands) for the periods presented were as follows:

For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Non-controlling interests as of beginning-of-period$11,772
 $146,269
 $35,427
 $209,588
$45,532
 $35,427
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of new accounting principle—
 —
 594
 —
—
 594
Decrease in non-controlling interests as a result of Class B Exchanges(1,529) (109,298) (25,334) (168,883)—
 (23,805)
Amount attributable to NCI from 2019 business combination6,500
 —
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests(1,910) (439)
Reclassification of non-controlling interests20
 502
 15
 1,905
(22) (5)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests(115) (2,793) (554) (7,930)
Non-controlling interests as of end-of-period$10,148
 $34,680
 $10,148
 $34,680
$50,100
 $11,772

15.16. Fair Value Measurement
 
GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) assuming an orderly transaction in the most advantageous market at the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical instruments as of the reporting date;
Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date and the fair value can be determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies; and
Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the particular asset or liability being measured.


Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
In accordance with GAAP, certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2018As of March 31, 2019
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets              
Cash and cash equivalents (1)
$73,346
 $—
 $—
 $73,346
$9,139
 $—
 $—
 $9,139
Restricted cash and restricted investments (1)
29,432
 —
 —
 29,432
34,774
 —
 —
 34,774
Total$102,778
 $—
 $—
 $102,778
$43,913
 $—
 $—
 $43,913
              
Liabilities              
Contingent consideration (2)
—
 —
 8,200
 8,200
—
 —
 8,100
 8,100

As of December 31, 2017As of December 31, 2018
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets              
Cash and cash equivalents (1)
$60,535
 $—
 $—
 $60,535
$11,391
 $—
 $—
 $11,391
Restricted cash and restricted investments (1)
16,575
 —
 —
 16,575
31,226
 —
 —
 31,226
Total$77,110
 $—
 $—
 $77,110
$42,617
 $—
 $—
 $42,617
              
Liabilities              
Contingent consideration (2)
—
 —
 8,700
 8,700
—
 —
 8,800
 8,800
(1) Represents the cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted investments that were held in money market funds as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, as presented in the tables above.
(2) Represents the contingent earn-out consideration related to the University Health Care, Inc. d/b/a Passport Health Plan (“Passport”) acquisition and the New Century Health transaction as described below. As of March 31, 2019, $4.9 million was attributable to Passport and $3.2 million was attributable to New Century Health. As of December 31, 2018, $5.6 million was attributable to Passport and $3.2 million was attributable to New Century Health.
The Company recognizes any transfers between levels within the hierarchy as of the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between fair value levels for the three and six month periods ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively.
In the absence of observable market prices, the fair value is based on the best information available and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks.

The strategic alliance with Passport includes a provision for additional equity consideration contingent upon the Company obtaining new third partythird-party Medicaid business in future periods. The contingent consideration of $8.2 million and $8.7 million is a mark-to-market liability recorded within “Other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017. We recorded a re-measurement gain of approximately $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and a re-measurement loss of approximately $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, based on changes in the underlying assumptions of the fair value calculation. The fair value of the contingent equity consideration was estimated based on the real options approach, a form of the income approach, which estimated the probability of the Company achieving future revenues under the agreement. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Passport contingent consideration are the five-year risk-adjusted recurring revenue compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) and the applicable discount rate. A significant increase in the assumed five-year risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR projection or decrease in discount rate in isolation would result in a significantly higher fair value of the contingent consideration.

The acquisition of New Century Health includes an earn-out of up to $11.4 million, contingent upon New Century Health achieving certain levels of operating results during 2019. The fair value of the earn-out was estimated based on the real options approach, a form of the income approach, which estimated the probability of New Century Health achieving certain levels of operating results during 2019. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the New Century Health earn-out are the risk neutral probabilities that the 2019 operating results for New Century Health are sufficient to either exceed the minimum earn-out threshold or meet the earn-out target cap. A significant increase in either one of these metrics, in isolation, would result in a significantly higher fair value of the contingent consideration. Refer to Note 4 for additional discussion of the New Century Health transaction.


The changes in our contingent consideration, measured at fair value, for which the Company uses Level 3 inputs to determine fair value are as follows (in thousands):

For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Balance as of beginning-of-period$8,800
 $8,300
 $8,700
 $8,300
$8,800
 $8,700
Settlements(800) —
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net(600) 200
 (500) 200
100
 100
Balance as of end-of-period$8,200
 $8,500
 $8,200
 $8,500
$8,100
 $8,800

The following table summarizes the fair value (in thousands), valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs of our Level 3 fair value measurements as of the periods presented:

 As of June 30, 2018 
 Fair Valuation Significant Assumption or 
 Value Technique Unobservable Inputs Input Ranges 
Contingent consideration (1)
$8,200
 Real options approach Risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR 112.7%
(2) 
     Discount rate/time value 3.8% - 4.5%
 
 As of March 31, 2019 
 Fair Valuation Significant Assumption or 
 Value Technique Unobservable Inputs Input Ranges 
Passport contingent        
consideration$4,900
 Real options approach Risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR 103.9%
(1) 
     Discount rate 5.5% - 6.5%
 
         
New Century Health        
contingent consideration$3,200
 Real options approach Risk-neutral probability exceeds threshold 39.0%
(2) 
     Risk-neutral probability meets earn-out cap 24.0%
(2) 

 As of December 31, 2018 
 Fair Valuation Significant Assumption or 
 Value Technique Unobservable Inputs Input Ranges 
Passport contingent        
consideration$5,600
 Real options approach Risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR 103.9%
(1) 
     Discount rate 5.5% - 6.5%
 
         
New Century Health        
contingent consideration$3,200
 Real options approach Risk-neutral probability exceeds threshold 39.0%
(2) 
     Risk-neutral probability meets earn-out cap 24.0%
(2) 

(1) Related to additional Passport earn-out consideration as described above.
(2) The risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR is calculated over the five-year period 2017-2021. Given that there was no recurring revenue in 2016 and 2017, the calculation of the 2017 and 2018 growth raterates is based on a theoretical 2016 and 2017 recurring revenue of $1.0 million, resulting in a higher growth rate. The risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR over the periodfrom 2019-2021 is 78.6%61.8%.

 As of December 31, 2017 
 Fair Valuation Significant Assumption or 
 Value Technique Unobservable Inputs Input Ranges 
Contingent consideration (1)
$8,700
 Real options approach Risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR 92.5%
(2) 
     Discount rate/time value 2.7% - 4.0%
 

(1) Related to additional Passport earn-out consideration as described above.
(2)The risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR is calculated over the five-year period 2017-2021. Given that there was no recurring revenue in 2016 and 2017, the calculation of the 2017 and 2018 growth rate is based on a theoretical 2016 and 2017 recurring revenue of $1.0 million, resulting in a higher growth rate. The risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR over the period 2019-2021 is 19.2%.
(2)
These amounts represent 1) the probability that New Century Health will achieve at least the minimum level of operating results in 2019 to earn any contingent consideration (39.0%) and 2) the probability that New Century Health will achieve 2019 operating results in excess of the maximum amount of contingent consideration payable (24.0%). The risk-neutral probability rates were determined by projecting theoretical 2019 operating results using a simulation with one million trials.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

In addition to the assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by GAAP. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. This includes assets and liabilities recorded in business combinations or asset acquisitions, goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, held-to-maturity investments and equity method investments. While not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, these items are continually monitored for indicators of impairment that would indicate current carrying value is greater than fair value. In those situations, the assets are considered impaired and written down to current fair value. See Notes 4, 5, 6, 7, 14 and 1320 for further discussion of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.


Other Fair Value Disclosures

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents (those not held in a money market fund), restricted cash, receivables, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued compensation approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these items and financial instruments.

See Note 8 for information regarding the fair value of the 2025 Notes and the 2021 Notes.


16.17. Related Parties

The entities described below are considered related parties and the balances and/or transactions with them are reported in our consolidated financial statements.

As discussed in Note 1314, the Company has economic interests in several entities that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company has allocated its proportional share of the investees’ earnings and losses each reporting period. In addition, Evolent has entered into services agreements with certain of the entities to provide certain management, operational and support services to help the entities manage elements of their service offerings. Revenues related to these services agreements was $0.8 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.2$7.1 million and $0.3less than $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company also works closely with UPMC, one of its founding investors. The Company’s relationship with UPMC is a subcontractor relationship where UPMC has agreed to execute certain tasks (primarily TPA services) relating to certain customer commitments. We also conduct business with a company in which UPMC holds a significant equity interest.

Additionally, prior to the Offering Reorganization, we issued shares of our stock to certain of our partners while concurrently entering into revenue contracts with those partners. Those partners are considered related parties and the balances and/or transactions with them were reported on our consolidated financial statements for the periods in which they held a significant equity interest in Evolent Health, Inc.

The following table presents revenues and expenses attributable to our related parties (in thousands):

For the Three For the SixFor the Three
Months Ended Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30, June 30,March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Revenue          
Transformation services$748
 $48
 $780
 $245
$1,159
 $32
Platform and operations services7,601
 8,575
 14,892
 15,353
12,944
 7,291
Expenses          
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization expenses)1,262
 5,739
 4,452
 12,083
7,830
 3,190
Selling, general and administrative expenses280
 119
 379
 524
156
 99

17.18. Segment Reporting

We define our reportable segments based on the way the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), currently the Chief Executive Officer,chief executive officer, manages the operations for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. We classify our operations into two reportable segments as follows:

Services, which consists of our technology-enabled value-based care services, platform that supports our various value-based operations, such as delivery network alignment, populationspecialty care management services and comprehensive health performance, integrated cost and revenue management solutions and financial and administrative managementplan administration services; and
True Health, which consists of a commercial health plan we operate in New Mexico that focuses on small and large businesses.

In the ordinary course of business, our reportable segments enter into transactions with one another. While intersegment transactions are treated like third-party transactions to determine segment performance, the revenues and expenses recognized by the segment that is the counterparty to the transaction are eliminated in consolidation and do not affect consolidated results.

The CODM uses Adjusted Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA as the relevant segment performance measuresmeasure to evaluate the performance of the segments and allocate resources.

Adjusted Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA areis a segment performance financial measuresmeasure that offeroffers a useful view of the overall operation of our businesses and may be different than similarly-titled segment performance financial measures used by other companies. Adjusted Revenue is defined as the sum of Adjusted Services Revenue and True Health premiums revenue less intersegment eliminations. Adjusted Services Revenue is defined as Services revenue adjusted to exclude the impact of purchase accounting adjustments. Adjusted Services Revenue consists of Adjusted Transformation Services Revenue and Adjusted Platform

and Operations Services Revenue, which are defined as transformation services revenue and platform and operations services revenue, respectively, before the effect of intersegment eliminations and adjusted to exclude the impact of purchase accounting adjustments. The company’s Adjusted Services Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018, includes a $4.5 million adjustment related to revenue that was contracted for prior to 2018 and that was properly excluded from revenue in our 2017 results under the revenue recognition rules then in effect under ASC 605. On January 1, 2018, we adopted the new revenue recognition rules under ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method, which required us to include this $4.5 million as part of the cumulative transition adjustment to beginning retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Under ASC 605, and based on proportionate performance revenue recognition, we would have recognized an additional $4.5 million in revenue during 2018, primarily within our Adjusted Transformation Services Revenue. The Company has therefore included this revenue, and related profit, in its adjusted results for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as they had not been previously reported prior to 2018 and the contracts are expected to be completed within 2018. This is a one-time adjustment and it will not reoccur in future periods.

Adjusted EBITDA is the sum of Services Adjusted EBITDA and True Health Adjusted EBITDA and is defined as EBITDA (net income (loss) attributable to Evolent Health, Inc. before interest income, interest expense, (provision) benefit for income taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses), adjusted to exclude changes in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnification assets, income (loss) from equity affiliates,method investees, other income (expense), net, net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests, purchase accounting adjustments, stock-based compensation expenses, severance costs, amortization of contract cost assets recorded as a result of a one-time ASC 606 transition adjustment, transaction costs related to acquisitions and business combinations severance costs and other one-time adjustments (which for the six months ended June 30, 2018, includes the ASC 606 transition adjustment described above).adjustments. When Adjusted EBITDA is discussed in this report, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is net income (loss) attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.

Management considers Adjusted Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA to be the appropriate metricsmetric to evaluate and compare the ongoing operating performance of our segments on a consistent basis across reporting periods as they eliminateit eliminates the effect of items which are not indicative of each segment's core operating performance.

The following tables present our segment information (in thousands):

       Intersegment   
  Services 
True Health (1)
EliminationsConsolidated
Adjusted Revenue            
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018   ��        
Services:            
Adjusted Transformation Services $8,215
  $—
  $—
  $8,215
 
Adjusted Platform and Operations Services 117,177
  —
  (3,615)  113,562
 
Adjusted Services Revenue 125,392
  —
  (3,615)  121,777
 
True Health:            
Premiums —
  22,939
  (202)  22,737
 
Adjusted Revenue 125,392
  22,939
  (3,817)  144,514
 
Purchase accounting adjustments (2)
 (216)  —
  —
  (216) 
Total revenue $125,176
  $22,939
  $(3,817)  $144,298
 
             
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017            
Services:            
Adjusted Transformation Services $5,361
  $—
  $—
  $5,361
 
Adjusted Platform and Operations Services 101,954
  —
  —
  101,954
 
Adjusted Services Revenue 107,315
  —
  —
  107,315
 
Adjusted Revenue 107,315
  —
  —
  107,315
 
Purchase accounting adjustments (2)
 (244)  —
  —
  (244) 
Total revenue $107,071
  $—
  $—
  $107,071
 
             
        Segments    
  Services 
True Health (1)
Total   
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018            
Adjusted EBITDA $5,643
  $(758)  $4,885
  
 
             
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017            
Adjusted EBITDA $(3,562)  $—
  $(3,562)    

(1)
The True Health segment was created in January 2018.
(2)
Purchase accounting adjustments pertain to Adjusted Platform and Operations Services Revenue. There were no purchase accounting adjustments in relation to Adjusted Transformation Services Revenue or True Health premiums revenue.

       Intersegment    
  Services THNMEliminationsConsolidated 
Revenue             
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019             
Services:             
Transformation services $3,353
  $—
  $—
  $3,353
  
Platform and operations 150,351
  —
  (3,059)  147,292
  
Services revenue 153,704
  —
  (3,059)  150,645
  
True Health:             
Premiums —
  47,376
  (265)  47,111
  
Total revenue $153,704
  $47,376
  $(3,324)  $197,756
  
              
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018             
Services:             
Transformation services $6,505
  $—
  $—
  $6,505
  
Platform and operations 113,615
  —
  (3,797)  109,818
  
Services revenue 120,120
  —
  (3,797)  116,323
  
True Health:             
Premiums —
  23,585
  (194)  23,391
  
Total revenue $120,120
  $23,585
  $(3,991)  $139,714
  

       Intersegment   
  Services 
True Health (1)
EliminationsConsolidated
Adjusted Revenue            
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018            
Services:            
Adjusted Transformation Services $18,375
  $—
  $—
  $18,375
 
Adjusted Platform and Operations Services 231,852
  —
  (7,412)  224,440
 
Adjusted Services Revenue 250,227
  —
  (7,412)  242,815
 
True Health:            
Premiums —
  46,524
  (396)  46,128
 
Adjusted Revenue 250,227
  46,524
  (7,808)  288,943
 
ASC 606 transition adjustment (2)
 (4,498)  —
  —
  (4,498) 
Purchase accounting adjustments (3)
 (433)  —
  —
  (433) 
Total revenue $245,296
  $46,524
  $(7,808)  $284,012
 
             
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017            
Services:            
Adjusted Transformation Services $15,596
  $—
  $—
  $15,596
 
Adjusted Platform and Operations Services 198,489
  —
  —
  198,489
 
Adjusted Services Revenue 214,085
  —
  —
  214,085
 
Adjusted Revenue 214,085
  —
  —
  214,085
 
Purchase accounting adjustments (3)
 (775)  —
  —
  (775) 
Total revenue $213,310
  $—
  $—
  $213,310
 
             
        Segments    
  Services 
True Health (1)
Total 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018            
Adjusted EBITDA $12,609
  $189
  $12,798
    
             
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017            
Adjusted EBITDA $(8,337)  $—
  $(8,337)    
        Segments  
  Services True HealthTotal 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019          
Adjusted EBITDA $(15,499)  $721
  $(14,778)  
           
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018          
Adjusted EBITDA $6,966
  $947
  $7,913
  

(1)
The True Health segment was created in January 2018.
(2)
Adjustment to Adjusted Transformation Services Revenue was approximately $3.7 million and the adjustment to Adjusted Platform and Operations Services Revenue was approximately $0.8 million.
(3)
Purchase accounting adjustments pertain to Adjusted Platform and Operations Services Revenue. There were no purchase accounting adjustments in relation to Adjusted Transformation Services Revenue or True Health premiums revenue.


The following table presents our reconciliation of segments total Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) attributable to Evolent Health, Inc. (in thousands):

 For the Three For the Six For the Three
 Months Ended Months Ended Months Ended
 June 30, June 30, March 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to            
Evolent Health, Inc. $(9,916) $(16,905) $(23,542) $(34,918) $(46,739) $(13,626)
Less:            
Interest income 878
 218
 1,950
 403
 1,060
 1,072
Interest expense (855) (947) (1,708) (1,901) (3,562) (853)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes 109
 700
 106
 295
 496
 (3)
Depreciation and amortization expenses (10,034) (6,904) (19,530) (13,519) (14,266) (9,496)
Income (loss) from equity affiliates (1,275) (555) (1,406) (1,077)
Change in fair value of contingent        
consideration and indemnification asset 1,604
 (200) 1,504
 (200)
Income (loss) from equity method investees (424) (131)
Change in fair value of    
contingent consideration (100) (100)
Other income (expense), net 78
 3
 60
 5
 427
 (18)
Net (income) loss attributable to            
non-controlling interests 115
 2,793
 554
 7,930
 1,910
 439
ASC 606 transition adjustments —
 —
 (4,498) —
 —
 (4,498)
Purchase accounting adjustments (216) (244) (433) (775) (596) (217)
Stock-based compensation expense (4,718) (5,360) (8,513) (10,464) (4,537) (3,795)
Severance costs 105
 —
 (1,489) —
 (10,602) (1,594)
Amortization of contract cost assets (578) —
 (1,139) —
 (754) (561)
Transaction costs (14) (2,847) (1,798) (7,278) (1,013) (1,784)
Adjusted EBITDA $4,885
 $(3,562) $12,798
 $(8,337) $(14,778) $7,913

Asset information by segment is not a key measure of performance used by the CODM. Accordingly, we have not disclosed asset information by segment.

18.19. Reserves for Claims and Performance-Based Arrangements

The Company maintains reserves for its liabilities related to payments to providers and pharmacies under performance-based arrangements related to its specialty care management services. The Company also maintains reserves for claims incurred but not paid related to its capitation arrangement and for its health plan, True Health, Claims Reservesin New Mexico.

Claims reservesReserves for the True Health segment reflectsclaims and performance-based arrangements reflect estimates of the ultimate cost of claims that have been incurred but not reported, including expected development on reported claims, those that have been reported but not yet paid (reported claims in process), and other medical care expenses and services payable that are primarily comprised of accruals for incentives and other amounts payable to health care professionals and facilities. Reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements also reflect estimated amounts owed to NMHC under the Reinsurance Agreement, as discussed further in Note 9.

The Company uses actuarial principles and assumptions that are consistently applied each reporting period and recognizes the actuarial best estimate of the ultimate liability along with a margin for adverse deviation. This approach is consistent with actuarial standards of practice that the liabilities be adequate under moderately adverse conditions.

This liability predominately consists of incurred but not reported amounts and reported claims in process including expected development on reported claims. The liability, for reserves related to its specialty care management services and True Health, is primarily calculated using "completion factors" developed by comparing the claim incurralincurred date to the date claims were paid. Completion factors are impacted by several key items including changes in: 1) electronic (auto-adjudication) versus manual claim processing, 2) provider claims submission rates, 3) membership and 4) the mix of products.

The Company’s policy, for reserves related to its specialty care management services and True Health, is to use historical completion factors combined with an analysis of current trends and operational factors to develop current estimates of completion factors. The Company estimates the liability for claims incurred in each month by applying the current estimates of completion factors to the

current paid claims data. This approach implicitly assumes that historical completion rates will be a useful indicator for the current period notwithstanding that we did not own NMHC’s commercial business prior to January 2, 2018.period.

For more recent months, the Company expects to rely more heavily on medical cost trend analysis that reflects expected claim payment patterns and other relevant operational considerations.considerations, or authorization analysis. Medical cost trend is primarily impacted by medical service utilization and unit costs that are affected by changes in the level and mix of medical benefits offered, including inpatient, outpatient and

pharmacy, the impact of copays and deductibles, changes in provider practices and changes in consumer demographics and consumption behavior. Authorization analysis projects costs on an authorization-level basis and also accounts for the impact of copays and deductibles, unit cost and historic discontinuation rates for treatment.

For each reporting period, the Company compares key assumptions used to establish the reserves for claims reservesand performance-based arrangements to actual experience. When actual experience differs from these assumptions, reserves for claims reservesand performance-based arrangements are adjusted through current period shareholders' net income. Additionally, the Company evaluates expected future developments and emerging trends that may impact key assumptions. The process used to determine this liability requires the Company to make critical accounting estimates that involve considerable judgment, reflecting the variability inherent in forecasting future claim payments. These estimates are highly sensitive to changes in the Company's key assumptions, specifically completion factors and medical cost trends.

For reserves related to the Company’s capitation arrangement, the liability is calculated based on the budgeted medical loss ratio as historical data and completion patterns are not credible.

Activity in reserves for claims reservesand performance-based arrangements was as follows (in thousands):

 For the Six
 Months Ended
  June 30, 
  2018 
Incurred costs related to current period $35,177
 
Paid costs related to current period 25,711
 
Change during the period 9,466
 
Beginning balance —
 
Ending balance 9,466
 
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 
  2019  2018 
  
Services (1)
True HealthConsolidated 
Services (1)
True HealthConsolidated
Beginning balance $17,715
  $9,880
  $27,595
  $—
  $—
  $—
 
Incurred costs related to:                  
Current year 33,777
  31,498
  65,275
  —
  16,749
  16,749
 
Prior years 6,879
  6,259
  13,138
  —
  —
  —
 
Total incurred 40,656
  37,757
  78,413
  —
  16,749
  16,749
 
Paid costs related to:                  
Current year 28,684
  11,682
  40,366
  —
  10,050
  10,050
 
Prior years 6,871
  7,156
  14,027
  —
  —
  —
 
Total paid 35,555
  18,838
  54,393
  —
  10,050
  10,050
 
Other adjustments (2)
 (438)  (21,158)  (21,596)  —
  —
  —
 
Change during the year 4,663
  (2,239)  2,424
  —
  6,699
  6,699
 
                   
Ending balance $22,378
  $7,641
  $30,019
  $—
  $6,699
  $6,699
 

(1) Costs related the Company’s capitation arrangement as well as costs incurred to provide specialty care management services are recorded within cost of revenue in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
(2) Other adjustments to reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements for Services reflect changes in accrual for amounts payable to facilities and amounts owed to our payer partners for claims paid on our behalf. Other adjustments related to the True Health segment represent premiums received less administrative expenses related to the Reinsurance Agreement. Refer to Note 9 for additional information about the Reinsurance Agreement.


19.20. Investments

Our investments are classified as held-to-maturity as we have both the intent and ability to hold the investments until their individual maturities. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our investments as measured using Level 2 inputs as of the periods indicated below (in thousands) were as follows:

  As of March 31, 2019
   Gross Gross  
 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
  Cost Gains Losses Value
U.S. Treasury bills$10,388
 $211
 $—
 $10,599
Corporate bonds1,090
 37
 —
 1,127
Other CMOs1,715
 21
 —
 1,736
Yankees596
 23
 —
 619
Total investments$13,789
 $292
 $—
 $14,081

  As of December 31, 2018
   Gross Gross  
 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
  Cost Gains Losses Value
U.S. Treasury bills$7,982
 $120
 $—
 $8,102
Corporate bonds887
 17
 —
 904
Other CMOs545
 6
 —
 551
Yankees596
 11
 —
 607
Total investments$10,010
 $154
 $—
 $10,164

The amortized cost and fair value of our investments by contractual maturities as of the periods indicated below (in thousands) were as follows:

 As of March 31, 2019 As of December 31, 2018
 Amortized Fair Amortized Fair
  Cost Value Cost Value
Due in one year or less$2,046
 $2,050
 $—
 $—
Due after one year through five years11,743
 12,031
 9,666
 9,813
Due after five years through ten years—
 —
 344
 351
Total$13,789
 $14,081
 $10,010
 $10,164

When a held-to-maturity investment is in an unrealized loss position, we assess whether or not we expect to recover the entire cost basis of security, based on our best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security. Factors considered in our analysis include the reasons for the unrealized loss position, the severity and duration of the unrealized loss position, credit worthiness and forecasted performance of the investee. In cases where the estimated present value of future cash flows is less than our cost basis, we recognize an other than temporary impairment and write the investment down to its fair value. The new cost basis would not be changed for subsequent recoveries in fair value.

We did not hold any securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.


21. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following represents supplemental disclosure of cash flow information and non-cash investing and financing activities (in thousands):

For the SixFor the Three
Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30,March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities   
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information   
Operating cash flows from operating leases$4,165
 $—
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities14,917
 —
   
Non-cash investing and financing activities   
Accrued property and equipment purchases$875
 $291
$487
 $3,183
Increase to goodwill from measurement period adjustments   
related to business combinations128
 2,078
Decrease in accrued financing costs related to 2021 Notes—
 196
Class A common stock issued for payment of Passport earn-out800
 —
Consideration for asset acquisitions or business combinations500
 —
—
 500
Settlement of escrow related to asset acquisition2,519
 —
—
 2,519
Settlement of indemnification asset1,004
 —
   
Effects of Class B Exchanges      
Decrease in non-controlling interests as a result of Class B Exchanges25,334
 168,883
—
 23,805
Decrease in deferred tax liability as a result of securities offerings908
 12,857
—
 908


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (“Notes”) presented in “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q; our 20172018 Form 10-K, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”; and our current reports on Form 8-K filed in 2018.

INTRODUCTION
 
Background and Recent Events

Evolent Health, Inc. is a holding company whose principal asset is all of the Class A common units it holds in Evolent Health LLC, and its only business is to act as sole managing member of Evolent Health LLC. Substantially all of our operations are conducted through Evolent Health LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries. The financial results of Evolent Health LLC are consolidated in the financial statements of Evolent Health, Inc.

Transactions

Acquisition of certain assets from New Mexico Health Connections

On January 2, 2018, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, True Health, completed its previously announced acquisition of assets related to NMHC’s commercial business. The assets include a health plan management services organization with a leadership team and employee base with experience working locally with providers to run NMHC’s suite of preventive, disease and care management programs. The consideration paid by the Company in connection with the acquisition consisted of $10.3 million in cash (subject to certain adjustments), of which $0.3 million was deposited in an escrow account. This acquisition is expected to allow the Company to leverage its platform to support a value-based, provider-centric model of care in New Mexico. Refer to “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 4” in this Form 10-Q for details of the accounting for this transaction.

Following the acquisition of NMHC’s assets, we now operate through two segments, the Services segment and the True Health segment.

March 2018 Private Sale

Under an exchange agreement we entered into at the time of our IPO, we granted the Investor Stockholders an exchange right that allows receipt of newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock in exchange for an equal number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock (which are subsequently canceled) and an equal number of Evolent Health LLC’s Class B units. Class B units received by the Company from relevant Investor Stockholders are simultaneously exchanged for an equivalent number of Class A units of Evolent Health LLC, and Evolent Health LLC cancels the Class B units it receives in the Class B Exchange. The cancellation of the Class B units results in an increase in the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC.

In the March 2018 Private Sale, The Advisory Board sold 3.0 million shares of the Company’s Class A common Stock. The shares sold in the March 2018 Private Sale consisted of 1.2 million existing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock owned by The Advisory Board and 1.8 million newly-issued shares of the Company’s Class A common stock received by The Advisory Board pursuant to a Class B Exchange for all of its remaining shares of the Company’s Class B common stock and Class B units. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the March 2018 Private Sale.

As a result of this Class B Exchange and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of the Class B units during the March 2018 Private Sale, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 96.6% to 98.9% immediately following the March 2018 Private Sale, and, accordingly, we reclassified a portion of our non-controlling interests into shareholders’ equity attributable to Evolent Health, Inc.


Business Overview
 
We are a market leader and a pioneer in the new era of health care delivery and payment, in which leading health systems and physician organizations, which we refer to as providers, are taking on increasing clinical and financial responsibility for the populations they serve. Our purpose-built platform, powered byWe provide integrated, technology-enabled services to our technology, proprietary processesnational network of leading health systems, physician organizations and integrated services, enables providers to migrate their economic orientation from fee-for-service (“FFS”) reimbursement to value-based payment models.national and regional payers across Medicare, Medicaid and commercial markets. By partnering with providers to accelerate their path to value-based care, we enable our provider partners to expand their market opportunity, diversify their revenue streams, grow market share and improve the quality of the care they provide.

We believe we are pioneers in enabling health systems to succeed in value-based payment models. We were founded in 2011 by members of our management team, UPMC, an integrated delivery system based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and The Advisory Board, to enable providers to pursue a value-based business model and evolve their competitive position and market opportunity. We consider value-based care to be the necessary convergence of health care payment and delivery. We believe the pace of this convergence is accelerating, driven by price pressure in traditional FFS health care, a market environment that is incentivizing value-based care models and innovation in data and technology. We believe providers are positioned to lead this transition to value-based care because of their control over large portions of health care delivery costs, their primary position with consumers and their strong local brand.

InWe manage our operations and allocate resources across two reportable segments, our Services business,segment and our True Health Segment. The Company’s Services segment provides our customers, who we market and sell our services primarilyrefer to major providers throughout the United States. We typically workas partners, with our partners in two phases. In the transformation phase, we initially work with our partners to develop a strategic plan for their transition to atechnology-enabled value-based care model which includes sizing the market opportunity for our partnerservices, specialty care management services and creatingcomprehensive health plan administration services. Together these services enable health systems to manage patient health in a blueprint for executing that opportunity. During the second portion of the transformation phase, which typically lasts twelve to fifteen months, we generally work with our partner to implement the blueprint by establishing the resources necessary to launch its strategy and capitalize on the opportunity. During the transformation phase, we seek opportunities to enter into long-term service agreements, which we call the platform and operations phase. In the platform and operations phase, we deliver a wide range of services that support our partner in the execution of its new strategy. Certain contracts in the platform and operations phase can range from three to ten years in length, while others are shorter in duration, depending on the nature of the services. In the platform and operations phase, we also establish a local market presence and embed our resources alongside our partners. Revenue from these long-term contracts is not guaranteed because certain of thesemore cost-effective manner. The Company’s contracts are terminable for convenience or other reasons by our partners afterstructured as a notice period has passed, though certain partners would be required to pay us a termination fee in certain circumstances. In addition, at times our contracts may be renegotiated or amended to change the naturecombination of advisory fees, monthly member service fees, percentage of plan premiums and priceshared medical savings arrangements. Our True Health segment consists of the services and/or the time period over which they are provided.

As of June 30, 2018, our Services business had over30 operating partners, and a significant portion of our revenue is concentrated with several partners. Our two largest partners, Passport and Cook County Health and Hospitals System, comprised 19.0% and 10.3%, respectively, of our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018, or 29.3% in the aggregate.

In addition, our Truth Health business is a commercial health plan we operate in New Mexico that focuses on small and large businesses. All of our revenue is recognized in the United States and substantially all of our long-lived assets are located in the United States.

Services

Our Services segment includes three types of services designed to help our partners manage patient health in a more cost-effective manner: (1) value-based care services, (2) specialty care management services and (3) comprehensive health plan administration services. Our partners engage us to provide one type of service, or multiple types of services, depending on specific needs.

Core elements of our value-based care services include: (1) Identifi®, our proprietary technology system that aggregates and analyzes data, manages care workflows and engages patients, (2) population health performance, which supports the delivery of patient-centric cost effective care, (3) delivery network alignment, comprising the development of high performance delivery networks and (4) integrated cost and revenue management solutions including PBM and patient risk scoring.

Our specialty care management services support a broad range of specialty care delivery stakeholders during their transition from fee-for-service to value-based care, independent of their stage of maturation and specific market dynamics. We focus on the oncology and cardiology markets with the objective of helping providers and payers deliver higher quality, more affordable care and we provide comprehensive quality management, including diagnostics and treatment, for oncology and hematology patients.


Our comprehensive health plan administration services help providers assemble the complete infrastructure required to operate, manage and capitalize on a variety of financial and administrative management services, such as health plan services, risk management, analytics and reporting and leadership and management.

A large portion of our Services revenue is derived from our multi-year contracts, which are linked to the number of members that our partners are managing under a value-based care arrangement. This variable pricing model depends on the population being served as well as the number of services and technology applications that our partners utilize to advance their value-based care strategies and the number of members they are able to attract over time. In certain instances, we participate alongside our partners in risk-sharing arrangements whereby we share in a portion of the upside and downside performance of the value strategy. We expect to begrow with current partners as they increase membership in their existing value-based operations, through expanding the number of services we provide to our existing partners, by adding new partners and by capturing value through risk-sharing arrangements.

As of March 31, 2019, our Services business had over 35 operating partners, and a significant portion of our revenue is concentrated with one partner. Our largest partner, Passport, comprised 13.1% of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

We believe our Services business model provides strong visibility and aligns our partners’ incentives with our own. We believe we are in the early stages of capitalizing on these aligned operating partnerships. We believe our health system partners’ current value-based care arrangements represent a small portion of the health system’s total revenue each year. We believe the proportion of value-based care related revenues to total health system revenues will continue to grow, driven by continued price pressure in FFS, new government payment programs, growth in consumer-focused insurance programs, such as Medicare Advantage and managed Medicaid, and innovation in data and technology. Our Services business model benefits from scale, as we leverage our purpose-built technology-enabled solutions and centralized resources in conjunction with the growth of our partners’ membership base. While our absolute investment in our centralized resources and technologies will increase over time, we expect it will decrease as a percentage of revenue as we are able to scale this investment across a broader group of partners. Over time, we expect to see a shift away from our traditional fee-for-service provider sponsored health plan business toward different service arrangements and opportunities.

True Health

True Health is a physician-led health plan in New Mexico available through the commercial market for employer-sponsored health coverage. On January 2, 2018, Evolent acquired certain assets from New Mexico Health Connections - one of the first Consumer Operated and Oriented Plans established following the implementation of the ACA - including a commercial plan and health plan management services organization. The acquired assets were contributed to a new entity, True Health New Mexico, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Evolent. Our True Health segment derives revenue from premiums earned over the terms of the related insurance policies. True Health also derives revenue from reinsurance premiums assumed from NMHC under the terms of the Reinsurance Agreement.

Our True Health segment operates a commercial health plan in New Mexico. We believe True Health provides an opportunity for us to leverage our platformServices offerings to support True Health and transform the health plan into a value-based provider-centric model of care incare. True Health’s largest partner, New Mexico Health Connections, comprised 14.0% of our revenue for the state.three months ended March 31, 2019.

We have incurred operating losses since our inception, as we have invested heavily in resources to support our growth. We intend to continue to invest aggressively in the success of our partners, expand our geographic footprint and further develop our capabilities. We mayalso expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future and may need to raise additional capital through equity and debt financings in order to fund our operations. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. If we are unable to achieve our revenue growth and cost management objectives, we may not be able to achieve profitability. As of the date the financial statements were available to be issued, we believe we have sufficient liquidity for the next twelve12 months.

We manage our operations and allocate resources through two reportable segments, Services and True Health.


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The MD&A included in our 20172018 Form 10-K contains a detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since our 20172018 Form 10-K, except as discussed below. See “Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 2” in this Form 10-Q for a summary of our significant accounting policies and see “Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 3” in this Form 10-Q for information regarding the Company’s adoption of new accounting standards.

Revenue from contracts with customers

In May 2014,February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09,2016-02, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersLeases, in order to clarifyestablish the principles to report transparent and economically neutral information about the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. This update introduces a new standard on accounting for leases, including a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet. The new standard also aligns many of recognizing revenue.the underlying principles of the new lessor model with those in ASC 606. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which is intended to make

targeted improvements to ASU 2016-02. The Companyamendments in ASU 2018-11 provide entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard using an effective date method rather than the earliest comparative period. The requirements of ASU 2018-11 are effective on the same date as the requirements of ASU 2016-02. We adopted the standard effectiveASU No. 2016-02, as of January 1, 2018,2019, using the modified retrospective method for only contracts that were not completed atapproach. Further, we elected the datepackage of initial application. Results for reporting periods beginning afterpractical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of approximately $51.4 million and $47.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with2019. The standard had no impact on our historic accounting under ASC 605. Evolent recognized the cumulative effectresults of applying the new revenue standard as a $17.3 million adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the first quarter of 2018. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 2” in this Form 10-Q for our updated revenue recognition policy and the impact of adopting the new revenue recognition standard on Evolent’s financial statements. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 5” in this Form 10-Q for additional disclosures regarding Evolent's contracts with customers.operations.

Operating Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of a business that earn revenue and incur expenses for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated, on a regular basis, by the CODM to decide how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company operates through two segments: (1) Services, and (2) True Health. Our Services segment consists of our technology-enabled services platform that supports our various value-based operations, such as delivery network alignment, population health performance, integrated cost and revenue management solutions and financial and administrative management services. Our True Health segment consists of a commercial health plan we operate in New Mexico that focuses on small and large businesses.

Adoption of ASU 2016-18

The Company adopted ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash effective December 31, 2017, using the retroactive transition method, which resulted in the recast of our statement of cash flows for each period presented. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 2” in this Form 10-Q and “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2” in our 2017 Form 10-K for further information about the adoption.


The following table summarizes the impact of the change in accounting principle to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands):

 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
  As Reported
Correction (1)
As Revised
Adjustments (2)
As Adjusted
Cash Flows from Operating Activities               
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:               
Accounts receivable, net  $(5,247)  $(2,655)  $(7,902)  $—
  $(7,902)
Accounts payable, net of change in restricted               
cash and restricted investments  (2,514)  9,555
  7,041
  —
  7,041
Net cash and restricted cash provided by               
(used in) operating activities  (44,712)  6,900
  (37,812)  —
  (37,812)
                
Cash Flows from Investing Activities               
Purchases and maturities of restricted investments  —
  —
  —
  (3,200)  (3,200)
Change in restricted cash and restricted investments  3,200
  (6,900)  (3,700)  3,700
  —
Net cash and restricted cash provided by               
(used in) investing activities  7,739
  (6,900)  839
  500
  1,339
                
Cash Flows from Financing Activities               
Change in restricted cash held on behalf of               
partners for claims processing  —
  —
  —
  (21,997)  (21,997)
Net cash and restricted cash provided by               
(used in) financing activities  2,385
  —
  2,385
  (21,997)  (19,612)
                
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash               
equivalents and restricted cash  (34,588)  —
  (34,588)  (21,497)  (56,085)
Cash and cash equivalents and               
restricted cash as of beginning-of-period  134,563
  —
  134,563
  35,466
  170,029
Cash and cash equivalents and               
restricted cash as of end-of-period  $99,975
  $—
  $99,975
  $13,969
  $113,944

(1)
Subsequent to the filing of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017, the Company identified an error related to the classification of restricted cash and restricted investments on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accordingly, the Company corrected this error by revising the classification of certain changes in restricted cash and restricted investments within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company assessed the materiality of the misstatement both quantitatively and qualitatively and determined the correction of this error to be immaterial to all prior consolidated financial statements taken as a whole. This column reflects the revisions required to correct the error in the Company’s originally reported Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017. See “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 18” in our 2017 Form 10-K for further discussion of the error correction.
(2)
This column reflects the subsequent adjustments required to present revised amounts within the requirements of ASU 2016-18.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Evolent Health, Inc. is a holding company and its principal asset is all of the Class A common units in Evolent Health LLC, which has owned all of our operating assets and substantially all of our business since inception. The financial results of Evolent Health LLC are consolidated in the financial statements of Evolent Health, Inc.

Key Components of our Results of Operations

Revenue

Our Services segment derives revenue from two sources: (1) transformation services and (2) platform and operations services. We collect a fixed fee from our partners during the transformation phase and revenue is recognized over time using an input method based on hours incurred compared to the total estimated house required to satisfy our performance obligation. In the case of implementation revenues tied to certain health plan services activities, such revenue is deferred and amortized over the life of the contract. Transformation revenue can fluctuate based on both the timing of when contracts are executed with partners, the scope of the delivery and the timing of work being performed.

During the platform and operations phase, our revenue structure shifts to a primarily variable fee structure which typically includes a monthly payment that is calculated based on a specified rate, or per member per month, multiplied by the number of members that our partners are managing under a value-based care arrangement or a percentage of plan premiums. We recognize revenue for platforms and operations services over time using the time elapsed output method. Fixed consideration is recognized ratably over the contract term. In accordance with the series guidance, we allocate variable consideration to the period to which the fees relate. The platform and operations agreements often include other variable fees including service level agreements, shared medical savings arrangements and other performance measures. Variable consideration is estimated using the most likely amount, however we do not estimate variable consideration at contract inception if the variable fees will be allocated entirely to the platform and operations services performance obligation. In some cases we are required to estimate revenue using the most likely amount that we believe we are entitled to receive. All estimates are based on historical experience and the Company's best judgment at the time to the extent the Company believes it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. Due to the nature of our arrangements certain estimates may be constrained until the uncertainty is further resolved.

Our platform and operations revenue may vary based on the nature of the population, the timing of new populations transitioning to our platform and the type of services being utilized by our partners. After a specified period, certain of our platform and operations contracts are terminable for convenience by our partners after a notice period has passed and the partner has paid a termination fee. We also have arrangements with multiple performance obligations (including both transformation and platform and operations components) and we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on each unit’s relative selling price.

Our True Health segment derives revenue from premiums that are earned over the terms of the related insurance policies. True Health also derives revenue from reinsurance premiums assumed from NMHC under the terms of the Reinsurance Agreement. The portion of premiums that will be earned in the future or are received prior to the effectiveness of the policy are deferred and reported as premiums received in advance.

In the ordinary course of business, our reportable segments enter into transactions with one another. While intersegment transactions are treated like third-party transactions to determine segment performance, the revenues and expenses recognized by the segment that is the counterparty to the transaction are eliminated in consolidation and do not affect consolidated results.

Cost of revenueRevenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Our cost of revenue includes direct expenses and shared resources that perform services in direct support of clients. Costs consist primarily of employee-related expenses (including compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation), expenses for TPA support and other services, as well as other professional fees. OurIn certain cases, our cost of revenue also includes expenses related to patient claims and costs resulting from changes in our claims reserves.capitation payments to providers and payments for pharmaceutical treatments through performance-based arrangements.

Claims expensesExpenses

Our claims expenses consist of the direct medical expenses incurred by our True Health segment, including expenses incurred related to the Reinsurance Agreement. Claims expenses are recognized in the period in which services are provided and include amounts that have been paid by us through the cost ofreporting date, as well as estimated medical claims and pharmacy claimsbenefits payable for costs that have been incurred during the quarter but not reported, including expected development on reported claims, and those that have been reported but not yet paid (reported claims in process),by us as well as other medical care expenses and services costs.of the reporting date. Claims expenses incurred pertaininclude, among other items, fee-for-service claims, pharmacy benefits, various other related medical costs and expenses related to our True Health segment.


reinsurance agreement. We use judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions for determining the required estimates.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Our selling, general and administrative expenses consist of employee-related expenses (including compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation) for selling and marketing, corporate development, finance, legal, human resources, corporate information technology, professional fees and other corporate expenses associated with these functional areas. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include costs associated with our centralized infrastructure and research and development activities to support our network development capabilities, claims processing services, including PBM administration, technology infrastructure, clinical program development and data analytics.

Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expenses consist of the amortization of intangible assets associated with the step up in fair value of
Evolent Health LLC’s assets and liabilities for the Offering Reorganization, amortization of intangible assets recorded as part of our various business combinations and asset acquisitions and depreciation of property and equipment, including the amortization of capitalized software.


Evolent Health, Inc. Consolidated Results

For the Three   For the Six   For the Three  
Months Ended Change Over Months Ended Change OverMonths Ended Change Over
June 30, Prior Period June 30, Prior PeriodMarch 31, Prior Period
(in thousands)2018 2017 $ % 2018 2017 $ %2019 2018 $ %
Revenue                  
Services:                  
Transformation services$8,215
 $5,361
 $2,854
 53.2% $14,720
 $15,596
 $(876) (5.6)%$3,353
 $6,505
 $(3,152) (48.5)%
Platform and operations services113,346
 101,710
 11,636
 11.4% 223,164
 197,714
 25,450
 12.9%147,292
 109,818
 37,474
 34.1%
Total Services121,561
 107,071
 14,490
 13.5% 237,884
 213,310
 24,574
 11.5%150,645
 116,323
 34,322
 29.5%
True Health:                  
Premiums22,737
 —
 22,737
 —% 46,128
 —
 46,128
 —%47,111
 23,391
 23,720
 101.4%
Total revenue144,298
 107,071
 37,227
 34.8% 284,012
 213,310
 70,702
 33.1%197,756
 139,714
 58,042
 41.5%
                  
Expenses                  
Cost of revenue (exclusive of                  
depreciation and amortization                  
expenses presented separately below)69,003
 67,994
 1,009
 1.5% 140,978
 135,523
 5,455
 4.0%117,441
 71,975
 45,466
 63.2%
Claims expenses18,428
 —
 18,428
 —% 35,177
 —
 35,177
 —%37,757
 16,749
 21,008
 125.4%
Selling, general and    

 
           

 
administrative expenses57,403
 51,090
 6,313
 12.4% 112,929
 104,641
 8,288
 7.9%74,838
 55,526
 19,312
 34.8%
Depreciation and amortization expenses10,034
 6,904
 3,130
 45.3% 19,530
 13,519
 6,011
 44.5%14,266
 9,496
 4,770
 50.2%
Change in fair value of contingent            
consideration and indemnification asset(1,604) 200
 (1,804) (902.0)% (1,504) 200
 (1,704) (852.0)%
Change in fair value of      
contingent consideration100
 100
 —
 —%
Total operating expenses153,264 126,188
 27,076
 21.5% 307,110
 253,883
 53,227
 21.0%244,402 153,846
 90,556
 58.9%
Operating income (loss)$(8,966) $(19,117) $10,151
 53.1% $(23,098) $(40,573) $17,475
 43.1%$(46,646) $(14,132) $(32,514) (230.1)%
                  
Transformation services revenue as                  
a % of total revenue5.7% 5.0%   5.2% 7.3%   1.7% 4.7%   
Platform and operations services                  
revenue as a % of total revenue78.5% 95.0%   78.6% 92.7%   74.5% 78.6%   
Premiums as a                  
% of total revenue15.8% —%   16.2% —%   23.8% 16.7%   
Cost of revenue as a %                  
of total revenue47.8% 63.5%   49.6% 63.5%   
of Services revenue78.0% 61.9%   
Claims expenses as a                  
% of total revenue12.8% —%   12.4% —%   
% of premiums80.1% 71.6%   
Selling, general and administrative                  
expenses as a % of total revenue39.8% 47.7%   39.8% 49.1%   37.8% 39.7%   

Comparison of the Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30,March 31, 2019 to 2018 to 2017

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $37.2$58.0 million, or 34.8%41.5%, to $144.3$197.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2017.2018.

Transformation services revenue increaseddecreased by $2.9$3.2 million,, or 53.2%48.5%, to $8.2$3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2017,2018, due primarily to additional revenue associated with our support of one-time wind-down activities for a client exiting a line of business. Overall,the fact that our offering has become more product-oriented, thereby resulting in lower average transformation services revenue per newly added partner. As a result, we expect future transformation services revenue to decrease as a percentage of total revenue. Transformation services revenue accounted for 5.7%1.7% and 5.0%4.7% of our total revenue for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019, and 2018, and 2017, respectively.


Platform and operations services revenue accounted for 78.5%74.5% and 95.0%78.6% of our total revenue for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. Platform and operations services revenue increased by $11.6$37.5 million,, or 11.4%34.1%, to $113.3$147.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2017,2018, primarily as a result of additional revenue from our acquisition of New Century Health during the fourth quarter of 2018, an increase in our average PMPM fee and an aggregate enrollment growth of 10.9%20.8% in lives on platform. We ended the quarter with over 35 operating partners compared to over 30 operating partners compared to over 25 as of June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

Premiums increased by $23.7 million, or 101.4%, to $47.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018. The increase is primarily attributable to the quota-share reinsurance agreement with NMHC signed in the fourth quarter of 2018. Under this Reinsurance Agreement, NMHC cedes 90% of its gross premiums to the Company and the Company indemnifies NMHC for 90% of its claims liability. The agreement qualified for reinsurance accounting due to the deemed risk transfer, and therefore we recorded the gross premiums assumed on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Refer to “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 9” in this Form 10-Q for further discussion of the Reinsurance Agreement. Premiums accounted for $22.7 million, or 15.8%23.8% and 16.7% of our total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2017, did not include any revenue from premiums as we did not own a health plan prior to January 2, 2018.March 31, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased by $1.0$45.5 million,, or 1.5%63.2%, to $69.0$117.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $0.1 million of cost of revenue incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was related to our True Health segment (excluding claims expenses, which are discussed separately below).2018. Cost of revenue increased by approximately $47.6 million period over period as a result of business combinations completed during the first quarter of 2018,. We incurred additional payments related to performance-based arrangements and increased personnel costs of $5.2 million to support our growing customer base and service offerings. Our professional Approximatelyfees decreased by $0.8 million$4.2 million, due to the nature and timing of our projects. Approximately $0.4$0.3 million of total personnel costs were attributable to stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our professional fees decreased by $0.4 million, due to the nature and 2017.timing of our projects. Additionally, our technology services, TPA fees and other costs decreased by $1.7 million period over period. Cost of revenue represented 47.8%78.0% and 63.5%61.9% of total Services revenue for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. Our cost of revenue decreasedincreased as a percentage of our total Services revenue, andhowever, we expect this trendour cost of revenue to continuedecrease as a percentage of total Services revenue going forward.

Claims Expenses

Claims expenses attributable to our True Health segment were $18.4increased by $21.0 million, or 125.4%, to $37.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019, as compared to zero for the same period of the prior year, and consistedin 2018. Claims expenses consist of claims paid during the period and the change in reserve for incurred but unreported claims. The increase is primarily attributable to the quota-share reinsurance agreement with NMHC signed in the fourth quarter of 2018. Under this Reinsurance Agreement, NMHC cedes 90% of its gross premiums to the Company and the Company indemnifies NMHC for 90% of its claims liability. The agreement qualified for reinsurance accounting due to the deemed risk transfer, and therefore we recorded the gross claims liability assumed on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Refer to “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 9” in this Form 10-Q for further discussion of the Reinsurance Agreement. Claims expenses represented 12.8%80.1% and 71.6% of total revenuepremiums for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018., respectively.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $6.3$19.3 million,, or 12.4%34.8%, to $57.4$74.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $1.5 million of selling, general and administrative expenses incurred during the three months ended June��30, 2018, was related to our True Health segment, of which $1.1 million was attributable to premium tax and other assessments.2018. During the three months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we incurred additional selling, general and administrative expenses due partially to growth in our business resulting from business combinations completed during the first quarter ofin 2018. Technology costs, personnel costs and lease costs and other costs related to our growth increased by $1.9$1.8 million,, $2.3 $13.6 million $1.0and $1.4 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, period over period, as a result of the growing customer base and service offerings. These amounts were offset by a decrease in legal fees ofApproximately $0.73.7 million, period over period. Approximately $4.3 million and $5.0$3.5 million of total personnel costs were attributable to stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Ceded expenses under the Reinsurance Agreement were $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to zero in the prior period. Our professional fees and 2017, respectively. other costs decreased by $1.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, due to the nature and timing of our projects. One-time transaction, transition and severance costs accounted for approximately $0.111.6 million and $1.4$2.6 million of total selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses represented 39.8%37.8% and 47.7%39.7% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. While our selling, general and administrative expenses are expected to grow as our business grows, we expect them to continue to decrease as a percentage of our total revenue over the long term.


Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $3.1$4.8 million, or 45.3%50.2%, to $10.0$14.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2017.2018. The increase was due primarily to additional depreciation and amortization expenses related to assets acquired through business combinations and asset acquisitions subsequent to the secondfirst quarter of 20172018 and the increase in amortization expense for internal-use software. We expect depreciation and amortization expenses to increase in future periods as we continue to capitalize internal-use software and amortize intangible assets resulting from asset acquisitions and business combinations (including possible future transactions).

Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnification asset

We recorded a gainloss from change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnification asset of $1.6$0.1 million for each of the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to a loss of $0.2 million for the same period in 2017. This variance is the result of changesMarch 31, 2019 and 2018. The amount represents an increase in the fair valuesvalue of a mark-to-market contingent liability and a mark-to-market indemnification asset, both of whichliability. There were acquired as a result of business combinations during 2016. The indemnification asset was settledno significant changes to the underlying fair value assumptions during the second quarterthree months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and therefore we only recorded an adjustment to reflect the passage of 2018.time. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 15” in this Form 10-Q for further details regarding the fair value of our mark-to-market contingent liability.

Comparison of the Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 to 2017

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $70.7 million, or 33.1%, to $284.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.

Transformation services revenue decreased by $0.9 million, or 5.6%, to $14.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, due primarily to the fact that our offering has become more product-oriented, thereby resulting in lower average transformation services revenue per newly added partner. As a result, we expect transformation services revenue to continue to decrease as a percentage of total revenue. Transformation services revenue accounted for 5.2% and 7.3% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Platform and operations services revenue accounted for 78.6% and 92.7% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Platform and operations services revenue increased by $25.5 million, or 12.9%, to $223.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily as a result of an increase in our average PMPM fee and aggregate enrollment growth of 10.9% in lives on platform. We ended the quarter with over 30 operating partners compared to over 25 as of June 30, 2017.

Premiums accounted for $46.1 million, or 16.2% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017, did not include any revenue from premiums as we did not own a health plan prior to January 2, 2018.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased by $5.5 million, or 4.0%, to $141.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $0.2 million of cost of revenue incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was related to our True Health segment (excluding claims expenses, which are discussed separately below). Cost of revenue increased period over period as a result of business combinations completed during the first quarter of 2018. We incurred additional personnel costs of $12.2 million to support our growing customer base and service offerings. Our professional fees decreased by $7.0 million, due to the nature and timing of our projects. Approximately $0.8 million and $0.7 million of total personnel costs were attributable to stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Cost of revenue represented 49.6% and 63.5% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our cost of revenue decreased as a percentage of our total revenue and we expect this trend to continue going forward.

Claims Expenses

Claims expenses attributable to our True Health segment were $35.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to zero for the same period of the prior year, and consisted of claims paid during the period and the change in reserve for incurred but unreported claims. Claims expenses represented 12.4% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018.


Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $8.3 million, or 7.9%, to $112.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $3.5 million of selling, general and administrative expenses incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2018, was related to our True Health segment, of which $2.7 million was attributable to premium tax and other assessments. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred additional selling, general and administrative expenses due partially to growth in our business resulting from business combinations completed during the first quarter of 2018. Technology costs, personnel costs, lease costs and other costs related to our growth increased by $2.8 million, $1.6 million, $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, period over period, as a result of the growing customer base and service offerings. These amounts were offset by a decrease in professional fees and legal fees of $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, period over period. Approximately $7.8 million and $9.7 million of total personnel costs were attributable to stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. One-time transaction, transition and severance costs accounted for approximately $2.7 million and $5.2 million of total selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses represented 39.8% and 49.1% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. While our selling, general and administrative expenses are expected to grow as our business grows, we expect them to decrease as a percentage of our total revenue over the long term.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $6.0 million, or 44.5%, to $19.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was due primarily to additional depreciation and amortization expenses related to assets acquired through business combinations and asset acquisitions subsequent to the second quarter of 2017 and the increase in amortization expense for internal-use software. We expect depreciation and amortization expenses to increase in future periods as we continue to capitalize internal-use software and amortize intangible assets resulting from asset acquisitions and business combinations (including possible future transactions).

Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnification asset

We recorded a gain from change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnification asset of $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to a loss of $0.2 million for the same period in 2017. This variance is the result of changes in the fair values of a mark-to-market contingent liability and a mark-to-market indemnification asset, both of which were acquired as a result of business combinations during 2016. The indemnification asset was settled during the second quarter of 2018. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 15”16” in this Form 10-Q for further details regarding the fair value of our mark-to-market contingent liability.

Discussion of Non-Operating Results

Interest income

Interest income consists of interest from investing cash in money market funds, interest from both our short-term and long-term investments, interest earned on the capital-only reinsurance arrangementagreement with NMHC and interest from the Implementation Loan. We recorded interest income of $0.9$1.1 million and $2.0 million for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively,March 31, 2019 and $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Interest income increased for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017 as a result of additional interest income generated from cash received from the August 2017 Primary Offering, the Implementation Loan and the capital-only reinsurance arrangement with NMHC.2018.

Interest expense

Our interest expense is primarily attributable to theour 2021 Notes and 2025 Notes. In December 2016, theThe Company issued theits 2021 Notes.Notes in December 2016. Holders of the 2021 Notes are entitled to cash interest payments, which are payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2017, at a rate equal to 2.00% per annum. In addition, we incurred $4.6 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the 2021 Notes, which we are amortizing to non-cash interest expense using the straight line method over the contractual term of the 2021 Notes. The Company issued its 2025 Notes in October 2018. Holders of the 2025 Notes are entitled to cash interest payments, which are payable semiannually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning on April 15, 2019, at a rate equal to 1.50% per annum. The 2025 Notes contain a cash conversion option, which resulted in a debt discount of $71.8 million, allocated to equity. The amount allocated to equity, along with $3.4 million of issuance costs, will be amortized to non-cash interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the 2025 Notes.

We recorded interest expense (including amortization of deferred financing costs) of approximately $0.9$3.5 million and $1.7$0.9 million related to our 2021 Notes and 2025 Notes for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 8” in this Form 10-Q for further details of our convertible debt offering.

2021 Notes and 2025 Notes.

Income (loss) from equity affiliatesmethod investees

The Company has acquired economic interests in several entities that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company is allocated its proportional share of the investees’ earnings and losses each reporting period. The Company’s proportional share of the losses from these investments was approximately $1.3 million and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.6$0.4 million and $1.1$0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The equity method investments are further discussed at “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 13”14” in this Form 10-Q.

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

The Company recorded $0.1$0.5 million and $0.1 million in income tax benefit and less than $0.1 million in income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which resulted in effective tax rates of 1.0% and 0.4%, respectively. The Company recorded $0.7 million and $0.3 million in income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, which resulted in effective tax rates of 3.4% and 0.7%less than (0.1)%, respectively. The difference between our effective tax rate and our statutory rate is due primarily to the fact that we have certain permanent items which include, but are not limited to, income attributable to the non-controlling interest, the impact of certain tax deduction limits related to meals and entertainment, employee compensation and other permanent nondeductible expenses. In addition, with the exception of its corporate subsidiaries, the Company maintains a full valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets, with the exception ofexcept for certain indefinite-lived components and components expected to reverse outside of the net operating loss carryover period as part of the outside basis difference in our partnership interest in Evolent Health LLC.

As discussed in “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 4” in this Form 10-Q, pursuant to the March 2018 Private Sale, the Company increased its ownership in Evolent Health LLC from 96.6% to 98.9%immediately following the March 2018 Private Sale. As a result, the Company reduced the indefinite portion of the deferred tax liability related to the book basis compared to the tax basis in our partnership interest in Evolent Health LLC by $0.9 millionfor the six months endedJune 30, 2018. The effect of this change in the deferred tax liability was recorded as additional paid-in capital.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, management examined all sources of taxable income that may be available for the realization of its net deferred tax assets. Given the Company’s cumulative loss position, management concluded that there are no current sources of taxable income and we are currently reflecting a full valuation allowance in our financial statements recorded against our net deferred tax assets, with the exception of the full nonconforming states and a portion of the federal and conforming states indefinite-lived components and those expected to reverse outside of the net operating loss carryover period as part of the outside basis difference in our partnership interest in Evolent Health LLC. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $1.5 million of deferred tax liability that would not provide a source of income to recognize the deferred tax assets.

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests

We consolidate the results of Evolent Health LLC as we have 100% of the voting rights of the entity; however, as of June 30,March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, we owned 99.0%96.1% and 98.9% of the economic rights of the results of operations of Evolent Health LLC, respectively, and therefore eliminateeliminated the non-controlling interest from our results of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, our results reflect net losses of $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, attributable to non-controlling interests, which represents 1.3% and 2.4% of the operating losses of Evolent Health LLC. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, our results reflect net losses of $2.8$1.9 million and $7.9$0.4 million, respectively, attributable to non-controlling interests, which represents 14.6%4.1% and 19.5%3.1% of the operating losses of Evolent Health LLC. The Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased as compared to the prior period as a result of the Class B Exchanges in connection with the MarchNovember 2018 Private Sale June 2017 Secondary, May 2017 Secondary and March 2017 Option to Purchase Additional Shares, as well as ourthe issuance of shares of Class A common stock in conjunction with the August 2017 Primary and option exercises and RSU vests since the prior period. The Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC decreased during 2018 as a result of the issuance of Class B common units and Class B common stock as part of the acquisition for New Century Health.

REVIEW OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL CONDITION

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Since its inception, the Company has incurred operating losses and net cash outflows from operations. The Company incurred operating losses of $23.1$46.6 million and $40.6$14.1 million for the sixthree months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. Net cash and restricted cash used in operating activities was $18.0$25.7 million and $37.8$24.7 million for the sixthree months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company had $198.0$170.8 million of cash and cash equivalents and $57.1$58.0 million in restricted cash and restricted investments.

We believe our current cash, cash equivalents and other sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months as of the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the expansion of our sales and

marketing activities and the timing and extent of our spending to support our acquisition and investment efforts and expansion into other markets. We may also seek to invest in, or acquire complementary businesses, applications or technologies.

Cash Flows

The following summary of cash flows (in thousands) has been derived from our financial statements included in “Item 1. Financial Statements”:

For the SixFor the Three
Months EndedMonths Ended
June 30,March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
Net cash and restricted cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(18,004) $(37,812)$(25,709) $(24,705)
Net cash and restricted cash provided by (used in) investing activities(19,376) 1,339
(25,478) (12,685)
Net cash and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities(3,665) (19,612)(109,665) (21,607)
 
Operating Activities
 
Cash flows used in operating activities of $18.0$25.7 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, were due primarily to our net loss of $24.1$48.6 million, partially offset by non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization expenses of $19.5$14.3 million, stock-based compensation expense of $4.5 million and amortization of deferred financing costs and contract costs assets of $3.5 million. Our operating cash outflows were affected by the timing of our customer and vendor payments. Increases in prepaid expenses, contract cost assets and ROU operating assets, combined with a decrease in accrued compensation and employee benefits and other long-term liabilities, contributed approximately $35.4 million to our cash outflows. Those cash outflows were offset by increases in reserves for claims and performance-based arrangements, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue and operating lease liabilities, combined with a decrease in accounts receivable and contract assets, of approximately $35.8 million.
Cash flows used in operating activities of $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, were due primarily to our net loss of $14.1 million, partially offset by non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization expenses of $9.5 million and stock-based compensation expense of $8.5$3.8 million. Our operating cash outflows were affected by the timing of our customer and vendor payments. Decreases in accrued compensation and employee benefits, combined with increases in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, contributed approximately $46.7$49.1 million to our cash outflows. Those cash outflows were partially offset by increases in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue and reserves for claims reservesand performance-based arrangements of approximately $23.9$25.1 million.
 
Cash flows used in operating activities of $37.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, were due primarily to our net loss of $42.8 million, partially offset by non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization expenses of $13.5 million and stock-based compensation expense of $10.5 million. Our operating cash outflows were affected by the timing of our customer and vendor payments. Decreases in accrued liabilities, accrued compensation and employee benefits and other long-term liabilities, combined with an increase in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses and other current and noncurrent assets, contributed approximately $34.1 million to our cash outflows. Those cash outflows were offset by increases in accounts payable and deferred revenue of approximately $13.7 million.

Investing Activities
 
Cash flows used byin investing activities of $19.4$25.5 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, were primarily attributable to purchases of property and equipment of $20.2$9.5 million, and cash paid for asset acquisitions, business combinations and equity method investments of $15.7$6.3 million, amounts advanced to satisfy regulatory capital requirements of $5.4 million and purchases of investments of $3.8 million. These
Cash flows used in investing activities of $12.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, were primarily attributable to purchases of property and equipment of $9.6 million, cash paid for an asset acquisitions and business combinations of $11.7 million and cash paid to acquire equity method investments of $4.0 million. Those cash outflows were partially offset by maturities of restricted investments of $8.0$8.0 million and an $8.0 million principala principle repayment of the Implementation Loan.an implementation loan of $4.0 million.

Financing Activities
 
Cash flows provided by investing activities of $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, were due primarily to maturities of investments of $20.2 million, offset by purchases of property and equipment of $12.4 million, cash paid for an asset acquisition of $3.2 million and cash paid to purchase restricted investments of $3.2 million.

Financing Activities
Cash flows used byin financing activities of approximately $3.7$109.7 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, were primarily related to a decrease of $7.3$107.5 million in the amount of restricted cash held on behalf of our partners to process PBM and other claims.for claims processing services. These are pass-through amounts and can fluctuate materially from period to period depending on the timing of when the claims are processed. This decreaseThere was offset byan additional cash outflow of approximately $3.6$2.2 million as a result of proceeds from stock options exercises, net ofrelated to taxes withheld and paid for vests of restricted stock units.

Cash flows used byin financing activities of approximately $19.6$21.6 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, were primarily related to a decrease of $22.0$22.3 million in the amount of restricted cash held on behalf of our partners to process PBM and other claims.for claims processing services. These are pass-through amounts and can fluctuate materially from period to period depending on the timing of when the claims are processed. This decrease was offset by approximately $2.4In addition, we had inflows of $0.7 million as a result of proceeds fromrelated to stock optionsoption exercises, net of taxes withheld and paid for vests of restricted stock units.


Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations (in thousands) as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, were as follows:

 Less     More  
 Than 1 to 3 3 to 5 Than  
 1 Year Years Years 5 Years Total
Operating leases for facilities$8,416
 $13,081
 $6,525
 $11,929
 $39,951
Contingent equity commitments5,360
 —
 —
 —
 5,360
Purchase obligations4,264
 2,324
 211
 —
 6,799
2021 Notes interest payments2,496
 4,992
 1,278
 —
 8,766
2021 Notes principal repayment—
 —
 125,000
 —
 125,000
Total$20,536
 $20,397
 $133,014
 $11,929
 $185,876
 2019 2020-2021 2022-2023 Thereafter Total
Operating leases for facilities$6,640
 $22,183
 $20,067
 $66,851
 $115,741
Contingent loan commitments11,000
 —
 —
 —
 11,000
Purchase obligations related to vendor contracts7,491
 2,063
 —
 —
 9,554
Convertible debt interest payments5,142
 10,187
 5,165
 5,101
 25,595
Convertible debt principal repayment—
 125,000
 —
 172,500
 297,500
Total$30,273
 $159,433
 $25,232
 $244,452
 $459,390

During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, there were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations set forth above.

Restricted Cash and Restricted Investments

Restricted cash and restricted investments of $57.1$58.0 million is carried at cost and includes cash held on behalf of other entities for pharmacy and claims management services of $19.0$14.9 million,, collateral for letters of credit required as security deposits for facility leases of $3.7$3.7 million,, amounts held with financial institutions for risk-sharing arrangements and line of $21.9credit deposits of $37.7 million, amounts held as supplemental capital for a reinsurance agreement of $10.0 million and other restricted balances as of June 30, 2018.March 31, 2019. Restricted investments are stated at amortized cost. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 2” in this Form 10-Q for further details of the Company’s restricted cash and restricted investments balances.

Uses of Capital

Our principal uses of cash are in the operation and expansion of our business and the pursuit of strategic acquisitions. The Company does not anticipate paying a cash dividend on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future.


OTHER MATTERS

Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

Through June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company had not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements other than the operating leases noted above, and did not have any holdings in variable interest entities.

Related Party Transactions

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into transactions with related parties, including our partnerspartner and our pre-IPO investors, TPG,investor, UPMCand The Advisory Board.. Information regarding transactions and amounts with related parties is discussed in Note 16 in our notes to consolidated financial statements included in “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements”Statements - Note 17” in this Form 10-Q as well as under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” in our proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 27, 2018.30, 2019.

Other Factors Affecting Our Business

In general, our business is subject to a changing social, economic, legal, legislative and regulatory environment. Although the eventual effect on us of the changing environment in which we operate remains uncertain, these factors and others could have a material effect on our results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section are described in “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 20172018 Form 10-K and “Part II - Item 1A Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this Form 10-Q.


Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates.

Interest Rate Risk

As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted investments was $255.0$228.8 million,, which consisted primarily of bank deposits with FDIC participating banks of $150.6$182.6 million,, bank deposits in international banks of $0.9$0.9 million, and cash equivalents deposited in a money-market fund of $102.8$43.9 million. and $1.3 million of restricted investments that are classified as held-to-maturity investments. In addition, we have investments of $13.8 million, which are classified as held-to-maturity investments.

Changes in interest rates affect the interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

equivalents (including restricted cash). Our investments (including restricted investments) are classified as held-to-maturity and therefore are not subject to interest rate risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure.

As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we had $121.9$223.3 million,, net of deferred offering costs and cash conversion discounts, of aggregate principal amount of convertible notes outstanding, which are fixed rate instruments. Therefore, our results of operations are not subject to fluctuations in interest rates relating to our convertible notes.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

WeBeginning in 2018, we have foreign currency risks related to our revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Indian Rupee. In general, we are a net payor of currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. dollar, may, in the future, negatively affect our operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars.

At this time, we have not entered into, but in the future we may enter into, derivatives or other financial instruments in an attempt to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk. It is difficult to predict the effect hedging activities would have on our results of operations. Foreign currency losses recognized intranslation had an immaterial impact on our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and 2017, were not material.2018.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.


Equity Market Risk

We have exposure to equity market risk related to the potential exchange of our Class B common shares. Pursuant to and subject to the terms of exchange agreements we entered into in connection with our IPO and our acquisition of New Century Health, and the third amended and restated LLC agreement of Evolent Health LLC, certain holders of our Class B common shares may at any time and from time to time exchange their Class B common shares, together with an equal number of Class B common units of Evolent Health LLC, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. A decision to exchange these shares may be, in part, driven by equity market conditions and, more specifically, the price of our Class A common stock. An exchange of our Class B common shares would:

Increase our ownership in our consolidated operating subsidiary, Evolent Health LLC. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 15” in this Form 10-Q for additional information;
Increase the number of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 11” in this Form 10-Q for information relating to potentially dilutive securities and the impact on our historical earnings per share; and
Increase our tax basis in our share of Evolent Health LLC’s tangible and intangible assets and possibly subject us to payments under the TRA agreement. See “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 13” in this Form 10-Q for further information on tax matters related to the exchange of Class B common shares.

For example, as discussed in “Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 15”, 0.7 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock were issued to TPG pursuant to Class B Exchanges relating to multiple private sales during November 2018. As a result of these Class B Exchanges and Evolent Health LLC’s cancellation of its Class B common units triggered by the November 2018 Private Sales, the Company’s economic interest in Evolent Health LLC increased from 95.3% to 96.1% immediately following the November 2018 Private Sales.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Remediation of Previously Identified Material Weakness

As discussed in our 2017 Form 10-K, prior to the remediation of our material weakness, we did not maintain a sufficient complement of resources with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, experience and training to address accounting for complex, non-routine transactions. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness resulted in the revision of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.

Management has been actively engaged in the implementation of remediation efforts to address the underlying causes of the previously identified material weakness. Management’s remediation activities included the following:

hired additional full-time accounting resources and financial planning and analysis resources with experience to address complex, non-routine transactions:
from December 31, 2014, to March 31, 2018, we hired several key senior and mid-level personnel as our finance and accounting headcount increased from 9 to over 40. The expansion of our finance and accounting team included the following key hires:
◦during 2015 we hired a senior director of revenue, a director of financial reporting, a manager of revenue and a senior revenue accountant;
◦during 2016 we hired an associate director of revenue;
◦
during 2017 we hired an associate director of accounting and a senior director of tax; and
◦during the first quarter of 2018, we hired a senior director of technical accounting.
expanded finance and accounting staff, including additional senior resources, to allow for the reallocation of responsibilities across our accounting department based on potential risk and complexity of transactions and/or tasks to be reviewed;
strengthened our review procedures and controls and formalized documentation of the reviews surrounding complex, non-routine transactions;
implemented additional monitoring programs, which included the formation of a disclosure committee comprised of members of our executive committee and finance and accounting leadership;
implemented training programs for various processes to train employees in respect of our established processes and controls, especially with regard to complex, non-routine transactions;
engaged our actuarial department to assist in the review of significant estimates in various areas, including incurred but not reported liabilities;
implemented a new contract management process to facilitate the documentation and review of complex contracts by appropriate accounting personnel and relevant company stakeholders;
engaged external technical accounting experts to aid with accounting for complex, non-routine transactions, where necessary; and
engaged external tax accounting experts to aid with complex tax matters.

The process of implementing and maintaining an effective team and process over complex, non-routine transactions is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments. During 2017 and first quarter of 2018, we completed the hiring of further senior, technical personnel identified as part of our remediation plan. Responsibilities for these key personnel include the accounting for complex and non-routine transactions. We have also previously finalized and concluded the design effectiveness of controls surrounding the complex and non-routine transactions that gave rise to the material weakness. Management has tested the operating effectiveness of such designed controls based on the guidelines established in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and have found them to be effective. As such, management has concluded that the previously identified and disclosed material weakness has been remediated as of June 30, 2018.


Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter, management completed its testing of controls surrounding complex and non-routine transactions that gave rise to the material weakness and found them effective as of June 30, 2018. Therefore, management concluded that the previously identified and disclosed material weaknessThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting has been remediated during the quarter.quarter ended March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting other than the new internal controls related to our adoption of ASC Topic 842, Leases.

Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information regarding reportable legal proceedings is contained within Note 9 in “Part I – Item 1. Financial Statements”Statements - Note 9” of this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 20172018 Form 10-K, and other documents filed with the SEC include discussions of our risk factors. There have been no material changes from the risk factors described in our 20172018 Form 10-K for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018.March 31, 2019.


Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.On January 1, 2019, we issued 42,769 shares of our Class A common stock to University Health Care, Inc. in connection with a contingent consideration earn-out provision pursuant to the terms of an agreement between the Company and Passport.

The foregoing issuance was deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering. The issuance was made without any general solicitation or advertising to a recipient who represented its intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the stock certificates issued in this transaction.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.


Item 6. Exhibits

EVOLENT HEALTH, INC.
Exhibit Index for the Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019

2.12.1*
*
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated September 7, 2018, by and among Evolent Health, Inc.,
Evolent Health LLC, Element Merger Sub, Inc., NCIS Holdings, Inc. and
New Century Investment, LLC, in the capacity set forth therein, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s
Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 12, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference
2.2*
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 12, 2016, by and among Evolent Health, Inc., Electra Merger Sub, LLC,
  
Valence Health, Inc. and North Bridge Growth Management Company LLC and Philip Kamp, in their capacity as
  
securityholders’ representative, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on
  
 July 14, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference
2.22.3*
*
First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 3, 2016, by and among Evolent Health, Inc.,
  
Electra Merger Sub, LLC, Valence Health, Inc. and North Bridge Growth Management Company LLC and
  
Philip Kamp, in their capacity as securityholders’ representative, filed as Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Report
  
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 3, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference
31.1
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
  
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
  
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
* The Company agrees to furnish supplementally to the SEC a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit upon the
  request of the SEC in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K


Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

EVOLENT HEALTH, INC. 
Registrant 
   
By:/s/ Nicholas McGrane
Name:Nicholas McGrane
Title:Chief Financial Officer
   
By:/s/ Lydia Stone
Name:Lydia Stone
Title:Chief Accounting Officer and Controller

Dated: AugustMay 9, 20182019




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