UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, ~~2017~~2018

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number 001-34600

TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		26-2593535
(State of incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

ONE Copley Parkway, Suite 490, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560

(Address of principal executive offices)

(919) 855-2100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T ~~(§232.405 of this chapter)~~ during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☒☐
Non-Accelerated filer	☐	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May ~~8, 2017,~~11, 2018, the registrant had outstanding ~~28,236,494~~1,453,676 shares of Common Stock.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets ~~(Unaudited)~~ as of March 31, ~~2017~~2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, ~~2016~~2017	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017	5

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
		16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	23

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	24

Item 6.	Exhibits	24

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2017	December 31, 2016	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$7,028,403	$9,995,955	$2,993,240	$1,604,810
Marketable securities	5,495,368	3,284,616	3,624,212	6,122,400
Accounts receivable	24,649	72,599	39,286	50,171
Prepaid expenses	239,360	275,005	336,540	285,512
Total current assets	12,787,780	13,628,175	6,993,278	8,062,893
Marketable securities	5,241,759	8,586,110	1,299,667	1,809,428
Property and equipment, net	18,345	19,105	10,476	9,945
Other assets	1,106,785		8,435
Total assets	$19,154,669	$23,340,175	$8,311,856	$9,890,701

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$1,404,958	$727,599	$189,558	$611,861
Accrued liabilities	3,581,055	5,245,546	100,781	363,306
Warrant liabilities	55,320	226,092	20,700	33,673
Total current liabilities	5,041,333	6,199,237	311,039	1,008,840
Total liabilities	5,041,333	6,199,237	311,039	1,008,840

Commitments and contingencies; see Note 6
Commitments and contingencies; see Note 5

Stockholders' equity
Common stock, par value $.0001 per share; authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 28,236,494 and 28,120,021, respectively	2,824	2,812
Common stock, par value $.0001 per share; authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 1,453,676 and 1,411,840, respectively			145	141
Additional paid-in capital	222,057,875	221,816,447	222,707,001	222,397,198
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,175)	(18,718)	(27,050)	(16,193)
Accumulated deficit	(207,935,188)	(204,659,603)	(214,679,279)	(213,499,285)
Total stockholders’ equity	14,113,336	17,140,938	8,000,817	8,881,861
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$19,154,669	$23,340,175	$8,311,856	$9,890,701

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018	2017
	(Unaudited)	(Unaudited)

Operating expenses
General and administrative	$1,164,466	$1,447,454
Research and development	58,588	2,051,432
Total operating expenses	1,223,054	3,498,886

Net operating loss	1,223,054	3,498,886

Other income	(43,060)	(223,301)
Net loss	$1,179,994	$3,275,585

Unrealized loss/(gain) on marketable securities	10,857	(6,543)
Total comprehensive loss	$1,190,851	$3,269,042

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$(0.83)	$(2.33)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	1,422,866	1,406,972

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ~~COMPREHENSIVE LOSS~~CASH FLOWS

Three months ended March 31,

2017

2016

(Unaudited)

(Unaudited)

Operating expenses

General and administrative
$1,447,454
$1,761,696
Research and development
  2,051,432
  3,943,634
Total operating expenses
  3,498,886
  5,705,330



Net operating loss
  3,498,886
  5,705,330



Other income
  (223,301)
  (343,668)
Net loss
$3,275,585
$5,361,662



Unrealized gain on marketable securities
  (6,543)
  (140,237)
Total comprehensive loss
$3,269,042
$5,221,425



Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$(0.12)
$(0.19)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
  28,139,425
  28,119,747

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018	2017
	(Unaudited)	(Unaudited)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Loss	$(1,179,994)	$(3,275,585)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	2,575	4,032
Issuance and vesting of compensatory stock options and warrants	70,588	161,982
Issuance of common stock as compensation	138,858	79,458
Issuance of common stock for services rendered	100,362	-
Change in the fair value of warrants	(12,973)	(170,772)
Amortization of premium on marketable securities	47,093	67,125
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets	(40,143)	83,596
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(684,831)	(987,132)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,558,465)	(4,037,296)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of marketable securities	-	(299,172)
Sale of marketable securities	2,950,000	1,372,188
Purchase of property and equipment	(3,105)	(3,272)
Net cash provided by investing activities	2,946,895	1,069,744

Net change in cash and cash equivalents	1,388,430	(2,967,552)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,604,810	9,995,955
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$2,993,240	$7,028,403

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.

~~CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS~~

Three months ended March 31,

2017

2016

(Unaudited)

(Unaudited)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net Loss
$(3,275,585)
$(5,361,662)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities


Depreciation and amortization
  4,032
  4,638
Issuance and vesting of compensatory stock options and warrants
  161,982
  130,911
Issuance of common stock as compensation
  79,458
  313
Change in the fair value of warrants
  (170,772)
  (230,902)
Amortization of premium on marketable securities
  67,125
  217,350
Changes in operating assets and liabilities


Accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets
  83,596
  45,299
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  (987,132)
  1,874,187
Net cash used in operating activities
  (4,037,296)
  (3,319,866)



CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES


Purchase of marketable securities
  (299,172)
  (3,198,833)
Sale of marketable securities
  1,372,188
  6,123,648
Purchase of property and equipment
  (3,272)
  (2,884)
Net cash provided by investing activities
  1,069,744
  2,921,931



Net change in cash and cash equivalents
  (2,967,552)
  (397,935)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
  9,995,955
  3,660,453
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$7,028,403
$3,262,518

~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

~~TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.~~

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Tenax Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) was originally formed as a New Jersey corporation in 1967 under the name Rudmer, David & Associates, Inc., and subsequently changed its name to Synthetic Blood International, Inc. On June 17, 2008, the stockholders of Synthetic Blood International approved the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 28, 2008, between Synthetic Blood International and Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Oxygen Biotherapeutics was formed on April 17, 2008 by Synthetic Blood International to participate in the merger for the purpose of changing the state of domicile of Synthetic Blood International from New Jersey to Delaware. Certificates of Merger were filed with the states of New Jersey and Delaware and the merger was effective June 30, 2008. Under the Plan of Merger, Oxygen Biotherapeutics was the surviving corporation and each share of Synthetic Blood International common stock outstanding on June 30, 2008 was converted to one share of Oxygen Biotherapeutics common stock. On September 19, 2014, the Company changed its name to Tenax Therapeutics, Inc.

On October 18, 2013, the Company created a wholly owned subsidiary, Life Newco, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Life Newco”), to acquire certain assets of Phyxius Pharma, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Phyxius”) pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated October 21, 2013 (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, Life Newco, Phyxius and the stockholders of Phyxius (the “Phyxius Stockholders”). As further discussed in Note 65 below, on November 13, 2013, under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Asset Purchase Agreement, Life Newco acquired certain assets, including a license granting Life Newco an exclusive, sublicenseable right to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products containing levosimendan, 2.5 mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion / 5ml vial in the United States and Canada.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of these financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, ~~2016~~2017 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017. Certain footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and regulations. Operating results for the ~~three month~~three-month period ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other future periods. As such, it is suggested that these condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

Reverse Stock Split

The Company initiated a 1-for-20 reverse stock split effective February 23, 2018. All shares and per share amounts in these condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split.

Going Concern

Management believes the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $214,679,279 at March 31, 2018 and $213,499,285 at December 31, 2017, and used cash in operations of $1,558,465 and $4,037,296 during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company requires substantial additional funds to complete clinical trials and pursue regulatory approvals. Management is actively seeking additional sources of equity and/or debt financing; however, there is no assurance that any additional funding will be available.

In view of the matters described above, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying March 31, 2018 balance sheet is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements on a continuing basis, to maintain present financing, and to generate cash from future operations. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.

Use of Estimates

In preparing the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates and the operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year.

On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates to ensure that these estimates appropriately reflect changes in the Company’s business and new information as it becomes available. If historical experience and other factors used by management to make these estimates do not reasonably reflect future activity, the Company’s results of operations and financial position could be materially impacted.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and transactions of the Company and Life Newco, Inc. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

~~Goodwill~~

Acquired businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed be recorded at fair value, with limited exceptions. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the acquired net assets do not constitute a business, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition and no goodwill is recognized.

Liquidity and Management’s Plan

At March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents, including the fair value of its marketable securities, of approximately ~~$17.8~~$7.9 million. The Company used ~~$4.0~~$1.6 million of cash for operating activities during the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and had stockholders’ equity of ~~$14.1~~$8.0 million, versus ~~$17.1~~$8.9 million at December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

The Company expects to continue to incur expenses related to development of levosimendan for ~~heart failure~~pulmonary hypertension and other potential indications, as well as identifying and developing other potential product candidates. Based on its resources at March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to fund its planned operations through the first ~~half~~quarter of calendar year ~~2018.~~2019. However, the Company will need substantial additional financing in order to fund its operations beyond such period and thereafter until it can achieve profitability, if ever. The Company depends on its ability to raise additional funds through various potential sources, such as equity and debt financing, or to license its product candidates to another pharmaceutical company. The Company will continue to fund operations from cash on hand and through sources of capital similar to those previously described. The Company cannot assure that it will be able to secure such additional financing, or if available, that it will be sufficient to meet its needs.

To the extent that the Company raises additional funds by issuing shares of its common stock or other securities convertible or exchangeable for shares of common stock, stockholders will experience dilution, which may be significant. In the event the Company raises additional capital through debt financings, the Company may incur significant interest expense and become subject to covenants in the related transaction documentation that may affect the manner in which the Company conducts its business. To the extent that the Company raises additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to its technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to the Company. Any or all of the foregoing may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and financial performance.

Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share, which excludes antidilutive securities, is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for that particular period. In contrast, diluted net loss per share considers the potential dilution that could occur from other equity instruments that would increase the total number of outstanding shares of common stock. Such amounts include shares potentially issuable under outstanding options, restricted stock and warrants.

The following outstanding options, warrants and restricted stock were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

Three months ended March 31,

2017

2016

Options to purchase common stock
  4,718,698
  4,032,698
Warrants to purchase common stock
  2,415,268
  2,728,236
Restricted stock
  106
  241

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018	2017

Options to purchase common stock	188,744	235,539
Warrants to purchase common stock	120,773	120,773
Restricted stock	-	6

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~January~~July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “~~FASB”~~“FASB”), issued an accounting standard that changes the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a ~~new~~down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. The standard will be effective on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not believe adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standard that provides guidance for evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The guidance provides a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities, or a set, does not qualify to be a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in an identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. If the screen is not met, the guidance requires a set to be considered a business to include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs and removes the evaluation as to whether a market participant could replace the missing elements. The ~~new~~ standard ~~will be~~became effective ~~for the Company~~ on January 1, 2018 and ~~will be~~was adopted on a prospective basis. ~~Early~~The Company’s adoption ~~is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the~~of this standard ~~will~~did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that clarifies how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows where diversity in practice exists. The ~~new~~ standard is effective ~~for~~in the ~~Company in its~~Company’s first quarter of fiscal ~~2018 and earlier~~2018. The Company’s adoption ~~is permitted. The Company does~~of this standard did not ~~believe that adopting this updated standard will~~ have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that amends how credit losses are measured and reported for certain financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. This ~~new~~ standard will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down for available-for-sale debt securities and will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, but not earlier than annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019. A modified retrospective approach is to be used for certain parts of this guidance, while other parts of the guidance are to be applied using a prospective approach. The Company ~~is currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on its condensed~~ ~~consolidated financial statements and related disclosures~~.

~~In March 2016,~~ ~~the FASB~~ issued a new accounting standard intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. The new guidance includes provisions to reduce the complexity related to income taxes, statement of cash flows, and forfeitures when accounting for share-based payment transactions. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. ~~The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2017. The~~does not believe adoption of this standard ~~does not~~will have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related ~~disclosures~~.disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The ~~new~~ standard is principles-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the ~~new~~ standard is that revenue should be recognized when a company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In March 2016, the FASB issued a ~~new~~ standard to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations, and in April 2016, the FASB issued a ~~new~~ standard to clarify the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing. The ~~new~~ standard also requires disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information surrounding the amount, nature, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In July 2015, the FASB agreed to defer the effective date of the standard from annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, to annual periods beginning after December 15, ~~2017, with an option that permits companies to adopt the standard as early as the original effective date.~~2017. Early application prior to the original effective date iswas not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company ~~has not yet selected a transition method~~reviewed its current accounting policies and practices to assess the ~~Company does not believe~~impact of the guidance on its business processes. Based on this evaluation, the adoption of this standard ~~will~~did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related ~~disclosures~~.disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard intended to improve financial reporting regarding leasing transactions. The ~~new~~ standard will require the Company to recognize on ~~the~~its balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by all leased assets. The ~~new~~ standard will also require it to provide enhanced disclosures designed to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from all leases, operating and capital, with lease terms greater than 12 months. The ~~new~~ standard is effective for financial statements beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this ~~new~~ standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that will enhance the Company’s reporting for financial instruments. The ~~new~~ standard is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier adoption is permitted for interim and annual reporting periods as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The ~~Company does not believe the~~Company’s adoption of this standard ~~will~~did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial ~~statements.~~

statements and related disclosures.

NOTE 3: FAIR VALUE

The Company determines the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 Fair Value Measurements. The Company's balance sheet includes the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities, ~~short-term notes payable,~~ and warrant liabilities. The Company considers the carrying amount of its cash and cash equivalents ~~and short-term notes payable~~ to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Accounting for fair value measurements involves a single definition of fair value, along with a conceptual framework to measure fair value, with a fair value defined as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” The fair value measurement hierarchy consists of three levels:

Level one	Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level two	Inputs other than level one inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable, and

Level three	Unobservable inputs developed using estimates and assumptions; which are developed by the reporting entity and reflect those assumptions that a market participant would use.

The Company applies valuation techniques that (1) place greater reliance on observable inputs and less reliance on unobservable inputs and (2) are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach, and include enhanced disclosures of fair value measurements in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Investments in Marketable Securities

The Company classifies all of its investments as available-for-sale. Unrealized gains and losses on investments are recognized in comprehensive income/(loss), unless an unrealized loss is considered to be other than temporary, in which case the unrealized loss is charged to operations. The Company periodically reviews its investments for other than temporary declines in fair value below cost basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company believes the individual unrealized losses represent temporary declines primarily resulting from interest rate changes. Realized gains and losses are reflected in ~~interest and~~ other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss and are determined using the specific identification method with transactions recorded on a settlement date basis. Investments with original maturities at date of purchase beyond three months and which mature at or less than 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as current. Investments with a maturity beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term. At March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company believes that the costs of its investments are recoverable in all material respects.

The following table ~~summarize~~summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments by type. The estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed income investments is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as defined in U.S. GAAP. These fair values are obtained from independent pricing services which utilize Level 2 inputs:

March 31, 2017

Amortized Cost

Accrued Interest

Gross Unrealized Gains

Gross Unrealized Losses

Estimated Fair Value

Corporate debt securities
$10,659,877
$89,425
$6,345
$(18,520)
$10,737,127

	March 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost	Accrued Interest	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Estimated Fair Value
Corporate debt securities	$4,912,760	$38,169	$-	$(27,050)	$4,923,879

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturity for the Company’s investments at March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

March 31,
2017

December 31,
2016

Maturing in one year or less
$5,495,368
$3,284,616
Maturing after one year through three years
5,241,759
8,586,110
Total investments
$10,737,127
$11,870,726

	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Maturing in one year or less	$3,624,212	$6,122,400
Maturing after one year through three years	1,299,667	1,809,428
Total investments	$4,923,879	$7,931,828

Warrant liability

On July 23, 2013, the Company issued common stock warrants in connection with the issuance of Series C 8% Preferred Stock (the “Series C Warrants”). ~~These~~ As part of the offering, the Company issued 137,668 warrants at an exercise price of $52.00 per share and contractual term of 6 years. On November 11, 2013, the Company satisfied certain contractual obligations pursuant to the Series C ~~Warrants contain~~ offering which caused certain “down-round” price protection clauses ~~and~~ in the outstanding warrants to become effective on that date. In accordance with ASC 815-40-35-9, the the Company ~~classifies~~reclassified these warrants as a current liability and recorded a warrant liability of $1,380,883, which represents the fair market value of the warrants at that date. The initial fair value recorded as warrants within stockholders’ equity of $233,036 was reversed and the subsequent changes in fair value are recorded as a component of other expense.

Financial assets or liabilities are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. The Series C Warrants are measured using the Monte Carlo valuation model which is based, in part, upon inputs for which there is little or no observable market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. The assumptions used in calculating the estimated fair value of the warrants represent the Company’s best estimates; however, these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and different assumptions are used, the warrant liabilities and the change in estimated fair value of the warrants could be materially different.

Inherent in the Monte Carlo valuation model are assumptions related to expected stock-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates to remain at zero.

The Monte Carlo model is used for the Series C Warrants to appropriately value the potential future exercise price adjustments triggered by the anti-dilution provisions. This requires Level 3 inputs which are based on the Company’s estimates of the probability and timing of potential future financings and fundamental transactions. The other assumptions used by the Company are summarized in the following table for the Series C Warrants that were outstanding as of March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017:

Series C Warrants

March 31,
2017

December 31,
2016

Closing stock price
$0.56
$1.95
Expected dividend rate
  0%
  0%
Expected stock price volatility
  82.41%
  79.60%
Risk-free interest rate
  1.34%
  1.35%
Expected life (years)
  2.31
  2.56

Series C Warrants	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Closing stock price	$5.47	$9.80
Expected dividend rate	0%	0%
Expected stock price volatility	90.00%	81.26%
Risk-free interest rate	2.15%	1.83%
Expected life (years)	1.31	1.56

As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the fair value of the warrant liability was ~~$55,320.~~$20,700. The Company recorded ~~a gain~~gains of $12,973 and $170,772 for the change in fair value as a component of other income on the condensed consolidated ~~statement~~statements of comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017.~~2018 and 2017, respectively.

As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there were ~~240,523~~12,035 Series C Warrants outstanding.

The following tables summarize information regarding assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016:~~2017:

		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Balance as of March 31, 2017	Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Securities (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	Balance as of March 31, 2018	Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Securities (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$7,028,403		$-		$2,993,240		$-
Marketable securities	$5,495,368	$-	$5,495,368	$-	$3,624,212	$-	$3,624,212	$-

Long-term Assets
Marketable securities	$5,241,759	$-	$5,241,759	$-	$1,299,667	$-	$1,299,667	$-

Current Liabilities
Warrant liabilities	$55,320	$-		$55,320	$20,700	$-		$20,700

		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Balance as of December 31, 2016	Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Securities (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	Balance as of December 31, 2017	Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Securities (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$9,995,955		$-		$1,604,810		$-
Marketable securities	$3,284,616	$-	$3,284,616	$-	$6,122,400	$-	$6,122,400	$-

Long-term Assets
Marketable securities	$8,586,110	$-	$8,586,110	$-	$1,809,428	$-	$1,809,428	$-

Current Liabilities
Warrant liabilities	$226,092	$-		$226,092	$33,673	$-		$33,673

There were no significant transfers between levels in the three months ended March 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

NOTE 4. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consist of the following as of March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016:~~2017:

March 31,
2017

December 31,
2016

Laboratory equipment
$354,861
$354,861
Computer equipment and software
  104,949
  101,677
Office furniture and fixtures
  130,192
  130,192

  590,002
  586,730
Less: Accumulated depreciation
  (571,657)
  (567,625)

$18,345
$19,105

	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Laboratory equipment	$354,861	$354,861
Computer equipment and software	92,103	88,998
Office furniture and fixtures	130,192	130,192
	577,156	574,051
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(566,680)	(564,106)
	$10,476	$9,945

Depreciation expense was approximately ~~$4,000~~$3,000 and ~~$5,000~~$4,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, ~~and 2016,~~ respectively.

Accrued liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following as of March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016:~~2017:

	March 31, 2017	December 31, 2016	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Operating costs	$3,511,428	$4,361,538	$48,599	$39,252
Employee related	69,627	884,008	52,182	324,054
	$3,581,055	$5,245,546	$100,781	$363,306

~~NOTE 5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS~~

~~The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:~~

Asset Category

Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years)

Value Assigned

Accumulated Amortization

Impairments

Carrying Value (Net of Impairments and Accumulated Amortization)

IPR&D
  N/A
  22,000,000
  -
  (22,000,000)
  -
Total

$22,000,000

$(22,000,000)
$-

~~The aggregate amortization expense on the above intangibles was $0, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.~~

~~In Process Research and Development~~

~~The~~ ~~levosimendan~~ product in Phase III clinical trial represents an in process research and development (“IPR&D”) asset. The IPR&D asset is a research and development project rather than a product or process already in service or being sold. Research and development intangible assets are considered indefinite-lived until the abandonment or completion of the associated research and development efforts. If abandoned, the assets would be impaired. Research and development expenditures that are incurred after the acquisition, including those for completing the research and development activities related to the acquired intangible research and development assets, are generally expensed as incurred.

~~The LEVO-CTS trial was completed in December of 2016. Based on the data from the trial, levosimendan, given prophylactically prior to cardiac surgery to patients with reduced left ventricular function, had no effect on the co-primary outcomes~~. The study did not achieve statistically significant reductions in the dual endpoint of death or use of a mechanical assist device at 30 days, nor in the quad endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, need for dialysis, or use of a mechanical assist device at 30 days. Based on the results of the LEVO-CTS trial, the Company does not anticipate additional development of levosimendan for the treatment of LCOS ~~in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. As of December 31, 2016, the Company determined the IPR&D asset, and corresponding Goodwill, was more than temporarily impaired.~~

During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $33.3 million related to its levosimendan product in Phase III clinical trial, which represents approximately $22 million for IPR&D assets and approximately $11.3 million for goodwill.

NOTE 6.5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Simdax license agreement

On November 13, 2013, the Company acquired, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Life Newco, that certain License Agreement (the “License”), dated September 20, 2013 by and between Phyxius and Orion Corporation, a global healthcare company incorporated under the laws of Finland (“Orion”), and that certain Side Letter, dated October 15, 2013 by and between Phyxius and Orion. The License grants the Company an exclusive, sublicenseable right to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products containing levosimendan (the “Product”) in the United States and Canada (the “Territory”) from Orion. Pursuant to the License, the Company must use Orion’s “Simdax®” trademark to commercialize the Product. The License also grants to the Company a right of first refusal to commercialize new developments of the Product, including developments as to the formulation, presentation, means of delivery, route of administration, dosage or indication. Orion’s ongoing role under the License includes sublicense approval, serving as the sole source of manufacture, holding a first right to enforce intellectual property rights in the Territory, and certain regulatory participation rights. Additionally, the Company must grant back to Orion a broad non-exclusive license to any patents or clinical trial data related to the Product developed by the Company under the License. The License has a fifteen (15) year term, provided, however, that the License will continue after the end of the fifteen year term in each country in the Territory until the expiration of Orion’s patent rights in the Product in such country.

Pursuant to the terms of the License, the Company paid to Orion a non-refundable up-front payment in the amount of $1.0 million. The License also includes the following development milestones for which the Company shall make non-refundable payments to Orion no later than twenty-eight (28) days after the occurrence of the applicable milestone event: (i) $2.0 million upon the grant of FDA approval, including all registrations, licenses, authorizations and necessary approvals, to develop and/or commercialize the Product in the United States; and (ii) $1.0 million upon the grant of regulatory approval for the Product in Canada. Once commercialized, the Company is obligated to make certain non-refundable commercialization milestone payments to Orion, aggregating up to $13.0 million, contingent upon achievement of certain cumulative net sales amounts in the Territory. The Company must also pay Orion tiered royalties based on net sales of the Product in the Territory made by the Company and its sublicensees. After the end of the term of the License, the Company must pay Orion a royalty based on net sales of the Product in the Territory for as long as Life Newco sells the Product in the Territory.

As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company has not met any of the developmental milestones and, accordingly, has not recorded any liability for the contingent payments due to Orion.

NOTE 7.6. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred Stock

Under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is authorized, without further stockholder action, to provide for the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof. As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, no shares of preferred stock are designated, issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation authorizes it to issue 400,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock. As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there were ~~28,236,494~~1,453,676 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Warrants

As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company has ~~2,415,268~~120,773 warrants outstanding. ~~The following table summarizes the~~There was no warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017:~~

Warrants

Weighted Average Exercise Price

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
  2,415,675
$2.64
Cancelled
  (407)
  123.00
Outstanding at March 31, 2017
  2,415,268
$2.62
2018.

2016 Stock Incentive Plan

In June 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). Under the 2016 Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards or other stock-based awards. On June 16, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2016 Plan and authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan a total of ~~3,000,000~~150,000 shares of common stock. As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, no awards have been granted under the 2016 Plan.

1999 Amended Stock Plan

In October 2000, the Company adopted the 1999 Stock Plan, as amended and restated on June 17, 2008 (the “1999 Plan”). Under the 1999 Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the Company may grant stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options. On March 13, 2014, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 1999 Plan which increased the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 1999 Plan to a total of ~~4,000,000~~200,000 shares, up from ~~300,000~~15,000 previously authorized. On September 15, 2015, the Company’s stockholders approved an additional amendment to the 1999 Plan which increased the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 1999 Plan to a total of ~~5,000,000~~250,000 shares, up from ~~4,000,000~~200,000 previously authorized. As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company had ~~167,201~~29,961 shares of common stock available for grant under the 1999 Plan.

The following table summarizes the shares available for grant under the 1999 Plan for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017:~~2018:

	Shares Available for Grant
Balances, at December 31, ~~2016~~2017	~~268,500~~
~~Options cancelled/forfeited~~	~~15,000~~55,561
Restricted stock granted	(~~213,420~~46,072)
Restricted stock cancelled/forfeited	~~97,121~~20,472
Balances, at March 31, ~~2017~~2018	~~167,201~~29,961

1999 Plan Stock Options

Stock options granted under the 1999 Plan may be either incentive stock options (“ISOs”), or nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”). ISOs may be granted only to employees. NSOs may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Stock options under the 1999 Plan may be granted with a term of up to ten years and at prices no less than fair market value for ISOs and no less than 85% of the fair market value for NSOs. Stock options granted generally vest over one to three years.

~~The following table summarizes~~As of March 31, 2018, the ~~outstanding~~Company has 188,744 stock options ~~under the 1999 Plan~~outstanding. There was no stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017:~~

Outstanding Options

Number of Shares

Weighted Average Exercise Price

Balances, at December 31, 2016
  4,733,698
$4.98
Options cancelled
  (15,000)
$2.07
Balances, at March 31, 2017
  4,718,698
$4.99
2018.

The Company chose the “straight-line” attribution method for allocating compensation costs of each stock option over the requisite service period using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to calculate the grant date fair value.

The Company recorded compensation expense for these stock options grants of $70,588 and $161,982 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017.~~2018 and 2017, respectively.

As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately ~~$781,240~~$304,691 related to non-vested stock option awards that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average remaining vesting period of ~~1.8~~1.39 years. Additionally, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately ~~$8.1~~$5.9 million related to non-vested stock option awards subject to performance-based vesting milestones with a weighted average remaining life of ~~3.0~~2.0 years. As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, none of these milestones have been achieved.

Restricted Stock Grants

The following table summarizes the restricted stock grants under the 1999 Plan for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018.

	Outstanding Restricted Stock Grants		Outstanding Restricted Stock Grants
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balances, at December 31, 2016	214	$2.72
Balances, at December 31, 2017			-	$-
Restricted stock granted	213,420	$0.68	46,072	$5.42
Restricted stock vested	(116,473)	$0.68	(25,600)	$5.42
Restricted stock cancelled	(97,055)	$0.68	(20,472)	$5.42
Balances, at March 31, 2017	106	$2.72
Balances, at March 31, 2018			-	$-

The Company ~~recorded~~did not record compensation expense for these restricted stock grants ~~of $293~~ for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

As of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there ~~were~~was no unrecognized compensation costs ~~of approximately $98~~ related to the non-vested restricted stock ~~grants that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period of 0.3 years.~~grants.

~~Inducement Stock Options~~

~~On February 15, 2015, an employment inducement stock option award for~~ ~~25,000~~ shares of common stock was made to the Company’s former chief medical officer. This employment inducement stock option was awarded in accordance with the employment inducement award exemption provided by Nasdaq Rule 5635(c)(4) and was therefore not awarded under the Company’s stockholder approved equity plan. The option award will vest over a three-year period, with one-third vesting per year, beginning one year from the grant date. The options have a 10-year term and an exercise price of $3.22 per share, the February 13, 2015 closing price of the Company’s common stock.

~~The estimated weighted average fair value per inducement option share granted was~~ $~~2.57 in 2015 using a Black-Scholes option pricing model based on market prices and the following assumptions at the date of inducement option grant: weighted average risk-free interest rate of 1.84~~%~~, dividend yield of~~ 0%~~, volatility factor for the Company’s common stock of 93.90~~% ~~and a weighted average expected life of 7 years for inducement options not forfeited.~~

~~A summary of the activity and related information for the stock options follows:~~

Number of Shares

Weighted Average Exercise Price

Inducement Stock Options outstanding at December 31, 2016
  8,334
$3.22
Options forfeited or expired
  (8,334)
  3.22
Inducement Stock Options outstanding at March 31, 2017
  -
$-

~~Inducement stock option compensation expense totaled $2,681 and $6,255 for the three months ended March 31, 2017~~ ~~and 2016, respectively. At March 31, 2017, there were no inducement stock options outstanding.~~

~~NOTE 8. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS~~

John P. Kelley resigned as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors on April 3, 2017 (the “Effective Separation Date”). In connection with his resignation, Mr. Kelley entered into a Separation and General Release Agreement (the “Separation Agreement”), dated April 7, 2017.

Under the Separation Agreement, Mr. Kelley is entitled to receive severance in an amount equal to one year of his current base annual salary and a pro-rated amount of his annual bonus that would have been received had 100% of his annual goals been achieved (less applicable taxes and withholdings), payable in a lump sum on the 60th day following the Effective Separation Date in exchange for a standard release of employment claims. The Company will also reimburse COBRA premiums for coverage of Mr. Kelley and his eligible dependents for up to 12 months if Mr. Kelley timely and properly elects continuation coverage. The Separation Agreement also contains such confidentiality provisions and other terms and conditions as are usual and customary for agreements of this type. All of Mr. Kelley’s obligations under his Employee Non-Disclosure, Inventions Assignment, and Competitive Business Activities Agreement, dated November 13, 2013, regarding confidentiality and proprietary information will continue.

Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, for the 12-month period following the Effective Separation Date, Mr. Kelley will provide consulting services as may be reasonably requested by the Company. The parties intend that such services shall not exceed 20% of Mr. Kelley’s average amount of work time during the 36 month period prior to the Effective Separation Date. Mr. Kelley will be paid a consulting rate of $500 per hour for all services provided during the consulting period.

On April 3, 2017, the Board appointed Michael B. Jebsen, the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer, as Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Jebsen will continue to serve as the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer. In connection with Mr. Jebsen’s appointment as Interim Chief Executive Officer, the Company will provide Mr. Jebsen with additional compensation of $10,000 per month for each month that he serves as Interim Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Mr. Jebsen was granted, on the effective date of his appointment as Interim Chief Executive Officer, a stock option to purchase 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The award will vest over a four-year period, with 25% of the option award vesting on the first four anniversaries of the grant date provided Mr. Jebsen remains continuously employed with the Company through each anniversary, however, the vesting of the stock option shall accelerate and become fully vested upon the achievement of specified performance goals.

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to them. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of these statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: the implications of interim or final results of our clinical trials, the progress of our research programs, including clinical testing, the extent to which our issued and pending patents may protect our products and technology, our ability to identify new product candidates, the potential of such product candidates to lead to the development of commercial products, our anticipated timing for initiation or completion of our clinical trials for any of our product candidates, our future operating expenses, our future losses, our future expenditures for research and development, our ability to raise capital and the sufficiency of our cash resources. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks faced by us and described in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from those we expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

All references in this Quarterly Report to “Tenax Therapeutics”, “we”, “our” and “us” means Tenax Therapeutics, Inc.

Overview

Strategy

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on identifying, developing and commercializing drugs for critical care patients. Our principal business objective is to acquire or discover, develop, and commercialize novel therapeutic products for disease indications that represent significant areas of clinical need and commercial opportunity. Our lead product is levosimendan, which was acquired in an asset purchase agreement with Phyxius Pharma, Inc., or Phyxius. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer developed for intravenous use in hospitalized patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. The treatment is currently approved in more than 60 countries for this indication.

The European Society of Cardiology, or the ESC, recommends levosimendan as a preferable agent over dobutamine to reverse the effect of beta blockade if it is thought to be contributing to hypotension. The ESC guidelines also state that levosimendan is not appropriate for patients with systolic blood pressure less than 85mmHg or in patients in cardiogenic shock unless it is used in combination with other inotropes or vasopressors. Other unique properties of levosimendan include sustained efficacy through the formation of a long acting metabolite, lack of impairment of diastolic function, and evidence of better compatibility with beta blockers than dobutamine

We are currently developing levosimendan in North America for the treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, or PH-HFpEF. PH-HFpEF is defined hemodynamically by a pulmonary artery pressure, or mPAP, ≥25 mmHg, a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, or PCWP, >15 mmHg, and a diastolic pressure gradient, or diastolic PAP – PCWP, >7mmHg. Pulmonary hypertension in these patients initially develops from a passive backward transmission of elevated filling pressures from left-sided heart failure. These mechanical components of pulmonary venous congestion may trigger pulmonary vasoconstriction, decreased nitric oxide availability, increased endothelin expression, desensitization to natriuretic peptide induced vasodilation, and vascular remodeling. Finally, these changes often lead to advanced pulmonary vascular disease, increased right ventricle, or RV, afterload, and RV failure.

PH-HFpEF is a common form of pulmonary hypertension with an estimated US prevalence exceeding 1.5 million patients. Currently, no pharmacologic therapies are approved for treatment of PH-HFpEF. Despite the fact that many therapies have been studied in PH-HFpEF patients, including therapies approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, no therapies have been shown to be effective in treating PH-HFpEF patients.

Published pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that levosimendan may provide important benefits to patients with pulmonary hypertension. Data from these published trials indicate that levosimendan may reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and improve important cardiovascular hemodynamics such as reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension. In addition, several published studies provide evidence that levosimendan may improve right ventricular dysfunction which is a common comorbidity in patients with pulmonary hypertension. While none of these studies have focused specifically on PH-HFpEF patients, the general hemodynamic improvements in these published studies of various types of pulmonary hypertension provide an indication that levosimendan may be beneficial in PH-HFpEF patients.

We met with the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, has granted Fast Track status for levosimendan for the reduction of morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients at risk for developing Low Cardiac Output Syndrome, or LCOS. In addition, the FDA has agreed to ~~the Phase III protocol design under Special Protocol Assessment, or SPA, and provided guidance that a single successful trial will be sufficient to support approval~~discuss development of levosimendan in ~~this indication.~~ ~~On January 31, 2017, we announced top-line results from the~~PH-HFpEF patients. The FDA was in agreement with our planned Phase ~~III LEVO-CTS trial. Levosimendan, given prophylactically prior to cardiac surgery to patients with reduced left ventricular function, had no effect on the co-primary outcomes.~~2 design, patient entry criteria, and endpoints. The study ~~did not achieve statistically significant reductions in~~may be conducted under the dual endpoint of death or use of a mechanical assist device at 30 days, nor in the quad endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, need for dialysis, or use of a mechanical assist device at 30 days. However, the study results demonstrated statistically significant reductions in two of three secondary endpoints including reduction in LCOS and a reduction in postoperative use of secondary inotropes. Additionally, levosimendan was found to be safeexisting investigational new drug application with no ~~clinically significant increases~~additional nonclinical studies required to support full development. The FDA recognized there were no approved drug therapies to treat PH-HFpEF patients and acknowledged this provided an opportunity for a limited Phase 3 clinical program. This topic will be discussed further at the End-of-Phase 2 Meeting following completion of the planned Phase 2 study in ~~hypotension or cardiac arrhythmias and the clinical data showed a non-significant numerical reduction in 90-day mortality.~~

~~Notwithstanding the fact that the trial’s primary endpoints were not statistically significant, and given the statistically significant reductions in the secondary endpoints, we continue~~PH-HFpEF patients. We plan to ~~believe levosimendan is an effective and safe inotrope to increase cardiac output in patients at risk for or with perioperative low cardiac output. Following the announcement~~begin enrollment of the Phase ~~III LEVO-CTS top-line results, we held a meeting with the FDA to review the preliminary~~2 trial data and discuss a path forward to file a NDA for levosimendan. As a follow-up to this meeting, a pre-NDA meeting has been scheduled with the FDA on May 10, 2017 to discuss the data that supports the approval of levosimendan for acute decompensated heart failure or cardiac surgery patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. The FDA may not approve levosimendan for this or any other indication, and if we are unable to obtain regulatory approval, we will be unable to commercialize levosimendan in the ~~U.S.~~

~~Additionally,our Board~~second half of Directors is conducting a comprehensive review of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing stockholder value and has formed a strategic committee of three independent board members to supervise management in this review. We have engaged Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. as its financial advisor to assist in the strategic review process; including, but not limited to a merger, a business combination, or a purchase, license or other acquisition of assets. This process may not result in any transaction and we do not intend to disclose additional details unless and until we determine further disclosure is appropriate or required.2018.

First Quarter ~~2017~~2018 Highlights

The following summarizes certain key financial measures for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017:~~2018:

●

Cash and cash equivalents, including the fair-value of our marketable securities, were ~~$17.8~~$7.9 million at March 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

●

Our net loss from operations was ~~$3.5~~$1.2 million for the first quarter of fiscal ~~2017~~2018 compared to ~~$5.7~~$3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

●

Net cash used in operating activities was ~~$4.0~~$1.6 million and ~~$3.3~~$4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively.

Opportunities and Trends

As we focus on the development of our existing ~~products and~~ product ~~candidates,~~candidate, we also continue to position ourselves to execute upon licensing and other partnering opportunities. To do so, we will need to continue to maintain our strategic direction, manage and deploy our available cash efficiently and strengthen our collaborative research development and partner relationships.

During the remainder of calendar year ~~2017,~~2018, we are focused on the following initiatives:

●

Working with collaborators and partners to accelerate product development, reduce our development costs, and broaden our commercialization capabilities;

●

Gaining regulatory approval for the continued development and commercialization of our ~~products~~[product candidate?] in the United States; and

●

Identifying ~~and acquiring additional~~ products or product ~~candidates.~~candidates for potential acquisitions.

~~Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates~~

~~There have been no significant changes in critical accounting policies, as compared to the critical accounting policies described in “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of SignificantAccounting Policies”~~ ~~in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.~~

Financial Overview

Results of Operations- Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for executive, finance, legal and administrative personnel, including stock-based compensation. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, legal and accounting services, other professional services, and consulting fees. General and administrative expenses and percentage changes for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively, are as follows:

Three months ended March 31,

2017

2016

Increase/ (Decrease)

% Increase/ (Decrease)

Personnel costs
$788,814
$713,335
$75,479
  11%
Legal and professional fees
  505,901
  667,364
  (161,463)
  (24)%
Other costs
  116,872
  341,613
  (224,741)
  (66)%
Facilities
  34,694
  36,436
  (1,742)
  (5)%
Depreciation and amortization
  1,173
  2,948
  (1,775)
  (60)%

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018	2017	Increase/(Decrease)	% Increase/(Decrease)
Personnel costs	$606,480	$788,814	$(182,334)	(23)%
Legal and professional fees	426,573	505,901	(79,328)	(16)%
Other costs	91,044	116,872	(25,828)	(22)%
Facilities	38,256	34,694	3,562	10%
Depreciation and amortization	2,113	1,173	940	80%

Personnel costs:

Personnel costs ~~increased~~decreased approximately ~~$75,000~~$182,000 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the same period in the prior year. This ~~increase~~decrease was due primarily to a reduction in salaries and benefits paid of approximately $112,000 due to a reduction in headcount and a reduction of approximately $70,000 in the recognized expense for the vesting of outstanding stock options ~~and an overall increase~~ in ~~employee salaries and benefits paid during~~ the current period as compared to the same period ofin the prior year.

Legal and professional fees:

Legal and professional fees consist of the costs incurred for legal fees, accounting fees, consulting fees, recruiting costs and investor relations services, as well as fees paid to our Board of Directors. Legal and professional fees decreased approximately ~~$161,000~~$79,000 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease was due primarily to decreases in costs incurred for auditing ~~legal and~~fees, consulting fees, and the vested value of stock option grants to our Board of Directors, partially offset by an increase in costs incurred for ~~investor relations services.~~legal fees.

–
-

Audit and accounting fees decreased approximately ~~$45,000~~$20,000 in the current period. This decrease was due primarily to the reduction in costs ~~incurred~~associated with our transition to “smaller reporting company” filer status for ~~the change in~~ our fiscal year~~which necessitated~~ ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the ~~filing of our audited transitional financial statements~~same period in the prior ~~year which were not incurred in the current period~~.year.

–
-

Legal fees ~~decreased~~increased approximately ~~$62,000~~$47,000 in the current period. This ~~decrease~~increase was due primarily to the costs incurred for the ~~change in~~filings associated with our ~~fiscal year,which necessitated the filing~~Special Meeting of ~~our Form 10-KT to transition to a calendar year filer~~Stockholders in the ~~prior year, which~~current period that were not incurred in the ~~current period~~.prior year.

–
-

Consulting costs decreased approximately ~~$70,000~~$85,000 in the current period. This decrease was due primarily to the fees paid to third-party firms for pre-launch commercialization preparations for LCOS, nationwide registrations for drug distribution and market analysis and research for septic shock in the prior year which were not incurred in the current period.

–

Costs associated with investor relations and communication increased approximately $33,000 in the current period. This increase was due primarily to fees paid to a third-party investor relations firm providing marketing and corporate communications services to us in the current period, which were not incurred in the same period of the prior year.

–
-

Board of Directors fees decreased in the current period by approximately ~~$21,000.~~$23,000. This decrease was due primarily to a reduction in the recognized expense for the vesting of stock options awarded in the current period as compared to the recognized expense for stock options awarded in the same period of the prior year.

Other costs:

Other costs include costs incurred for travel, supplies, insurance and other miscellaneous charges. The approximately ~~$225,000~~$26,000 decrease in other costs for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the same period in the prior year was due primarily to an approximately ~~$145,000~~$21,000 decrease in franchise taxes paid ~~a reduction of approximately $20,000 in costs incurred for our sponsorship of the National Sepsis Foundation during the same period in the prior year,~~ and an overall decrease in travel costs, supplies expenses, ~~bank fees~~ and other miscellaneous charges in the current period as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Facilities:

Facilities expenses include costs paid for rent and utilities at our corporate headquarters in North Carolina. Facilities costs remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016.~~2017.

Depreciation and Amortization:

Depreciation and amortization costs remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016.~~2017.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses include, but are not limited to, (i) expenses incurred under agreements with clinical research organizations, or CROs, and investigative sites, which conduct our clinical trials and a substantial portion of our pre-clinical studies; (ii) the cost of manufacturing and supplying clinical trial materials; (iii) payments to contract service organizations, as well as consultants; (iv) employee-related expenses, which include salaries and benefits; and (v) facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and equipment, depreciation of leasehold improvements, equipment, laboratory and other supplies. All research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses and percentage changes for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively, are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,				Three months ended March 31,
	2017	2016	Increase/ (Decrease)	% Increase/ (Decrease)	2018	2017	Increase/ (Decrease)	% Increase/ (Decrease)
Clinical and preclinical development	$1,830,087	$3,534,718	$(1,704,631)	(48)%	$29,897	$1,830,087	$(1,800,190)	(98)%
Consulting	110,612	256,304	(145,692)	(57)%
Personnel costs	106,776	140,503	(33,727)	(24)%	24,565	106,776	(82,211)	(77)%
Other costs	3,957	12,109	(8,152)	(67)%	2,092	3,957	(1,865)	(47)%
Consulting					2,034	110,612	(108,578)	(98)%

Clinical and preclinical development:

Clinical and preclinical development costs include, primarily, the costs associated with our Phase ~~III~~3 LEVO-CTS clinical trial for ~~levosimendan.~~levosimendan, which was completed during fiscal year 2017. The decrease of approximately ~~$1.7~~$1.8 million in clinical and preclinical development costs for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017,~~2018 compared to the same period in the prior year, was primarily due to decreased expenditures for CRO costs to manage the ~~Levo-CTS~~ Phase ~~III~~3 LEVO-CTS clinical trial. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded CRO costs of approximately $1.8 million for the management of the Phase III trial, compared to CRO costs of $3.5 million, which included approximately $1.6 million in pass-through site activation and enrolled patient costs, during the same period in the prior year.

~~Consulting fees:~~

Consulting fees decreased approximately $146,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in fees paid to a third-party consulting firm for services provided to improve training and communication with active sites in support of our Phase III Levo-CTS clinical trial in the prior year which were not incurred in the current period.

Personnel costs:

Personnel costs decreased approximately ~~$34,000~~$82,000 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to a reduction in headcount in the current period as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Other costs:

Other costs ~~decreased approximately $8,000~~remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017 as~~2018 and 2017.

Consulting fees:

Consulting fees decreased approximately $109,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due ~~primarily~~ to a ~~reduction~~decrease in ~~travel costs~~fees paid to third-party consulting firms for services provided for report-writing and regulatory submissions in support of our Phase 3 LEVO-CTS clinical trial in the prior year which were not incurred in the current period.

The process of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain approval from the FDA is costly and time consuming. The probability of success for each product candidate and clinical trial may be affected by a variety of factors, including, among other things, the quality of the product candidate’s early clinical data, investment in the program, competition, manufacturing capabilities and commercial viability. As a result of the uncertainties discussed above, uncertainty associated with clinical trial enrollment and risks inherent in the development process, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of current or future clinical stages of our product candidates or when, or to what extent, we will generate revenues from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates. Development timelines, probability of success and development costs vary widely. We are currently focused on developing our most advanced product candidate, levosimendan; however, we will need substantial additional capital in the future in order to complete the development and potential commercialization of levosimendan, and to continue with the development of other potential product candidates.

Other income and expense, net

Other income and expense includes non-operating income and expense items not otherwise recorded in our condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss. These items include, but are not limited to, changes in the fair value of financial assets and derivative liabilities, interest income earned and fixed asset disposals. Other income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively, is as follows:

Three months ended March 31,

2017

2016

(Increase)/ Decrease

% Increase/ (Decrease)

Other income, net
$(223,301)
$(343,668)
$120,367
(35)%

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018	2017	(Increase)/ Decrease	% Increase/ (Decrease)
Other income, net	$(43,060)	$(223,301)	$180,241	(81)%

Other income decreased approximately ~~$120,000~~$180,000 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease is due primarily to the change in fair value of our Series C warrant derivative liability in the current period and a reduction in the interest earned on our investment in marketable securities.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we recorded a derivative gain of approximately ~~$171,000~~$13,000 which compared to a derivative gain of approximately ~~$231,000~~$171,000 for the same period in the prior year. These charges to income are derived from the free standing Series C warrants which are measured at their fair market value each period using the Monte Carlo simulation model.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we recorded interest income of approximately ~~$52,000~~$30,000 from our investments in marketable securities. This income is derived from approximately ~~$114,000~~$77,000 in bond interest paid, partially offset by approximately ~~$67,000~~$47,000 in charges for amortization of premiums paid and fair-value adjustments measured each period, which compares to approximately ~~$314,000~~$114,000 in bond interest paid, partially offset by approximately ~~$198,000~~$67,000 in charges for amortization of premiums paid and fair-value adjustments during the same period in the prior year.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Plan of Operation

We have incurred losses since our inception and as of March 31, ~~2017~~2018 we had an accumulated deficit of approximately ~~$208~~$215 million. We will continue to incur losses until we generate sufficient revenue to offset our expenses, and we anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for at least the next several years. We expect to incur increased expenses related to our development and potential commercialization of levosimendan for ~~heart failure~~pulmonary hypertension and other potential indications, as well as identifying and developing other potential product candidates and, as a result, we will need to generate significant net product sales, royalty and other revenues to achieve profitability.

Liquidity

We have financed our operations since September 1990 through the issuance of debt and equity securities and loans from stockholders. We had total current assets of ~~$12,787,780~~$6,993,278 and ~~$13,628,175~~$8,062,893 and working capital of ~~$7,746,447~~$6,682,239 and ~~$7,428,938~~$7,054,053 as of March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, respectively. Based on our working capital and the value of our investments in marketable securities at March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we believe we have sufficient capital to fund our operations through the first ~~half~~quarter of calendar year ~~2018.~~2019.

We ~~recently completed a Phase III clinical trial for~~will need substantial additional capital in the future in order to continue the development of levosimendan and to fund the development and commercialization of other future product candidates. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, if ever, we expect to finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. Such funding may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. In the event we are unable to obtain additional capital, we may delay or reduce the scope of our ~~primary focus will be on preparing and filing an NDA with the FDA for heart failure or cardiac surgery. Our ability to continue to pursue testing~~current research and development ofprograms and other ~~potential products depends on obtaining license income or outside financial resources. There is no assurance~~expenses.

To the extent that we ~~will obtain any license agreement or outside~~raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional significant dilution, and debt financing, orif available, may involve restrictive covenants. To the extent that we ~~will otherwise succeed in obtaining~~raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. We may seek to access the ~~necessary resources.~~public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital.

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. On March 15, 2017, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Department indicating that we ~~are~~were not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), because the minimum bid price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market ~~has~~had closed below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. ~~In accordance with~~However, Nasdaq ~~Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A),~~subsequently notified us that we ~~have 180 calendar days, or until September 11, 2017, to regain~~had regained compliance with the minimum ~~$1.00~~ bid price ~~per share~~ requirement. To regain compliance, any time before September 11, 2017, the bid price of our common stock must close at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. If we do not regain compliance during this cure period, we expect that Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that our common stock will be delisted. At that time, we may appeal Nasdaq’s delisting determination to a Nasdaq hearing panel.

We intend to engage in efforts to regain compliance and thus maintain our listing. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance during the applicable time periods set forth above. If we fail to continue to meet all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements in the future and Nasdaq determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could substantially decrease trading in our common stock; adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws; adversely affect our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms, if at all; and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers, and employees and fewer business development opportunities. Additionally, the market price of our common stock may decline further and shareholders may lose some or all of their investment.

Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016:~~2017:

Three months ended March 31,

2017

2016

Net cash used in operating activities
$(4,037,296)
$(3,319,866)
Net cash provided by investing activities
1,069,744
2,921,931

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018	2017
Net cash used in operating activities	$(1,558,465)	$(4,037,296)
Net cash provided by investing activities	2,946,895	1,069,744

Net cash used in operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was approximately ~~$4.0~~$1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 compared to net cash used in operating activities of approximately ~~$3.3~~$4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2016.~~2017. The ~~increase~~decrease in cash used for operating activities was due primarily to a decrease in our accrued costs related to the Phase ~~III~~3 clinical trial for ~~levosimendan.~~levosimendan in the current period.

Net cash provided by investing activities. Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to approximately $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2017 compared to approximately $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016.~~2017. The ~~decrease~~increase in cash provided by investing activities was primarily due ~~a reduction~~an increase in the sale of marketable securities in the current period.

Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors that include, but are not limited to the following:

●

the initiation, progress, timing and completion of clinical trials for our product candidates and potential product candidates;

●

the outcome, timing and cost of regulatory approvals and the regulatory approval process;

●

delays that may be caused by changing regulatory requirements;

●

the number of product candidates that we pursue;

●

the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and enforcing and defending patent claims;

●

the timing and terms of future in-licensing and out-licensing transactions;

●

the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution capabilities;

●

the cost of procuring clinical and commercial supplies of our product candidates;

●

the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies; and

●

the possible costs of litigation.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, along with our investment in marketable securities, will be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements through the first ~~half~~quarter of calendar year ~~2018.~~2019. We will need substantial additional capital in the future in order to complete the development and commercialization of levosimendan and to fund the development and commercialization of other future product candidates. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, if ever, we expect to finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. Such funding ~~if needed,~~ may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. In the event we are unable to obtain additional capital, we may delay or reduce the scope of our current research and development programs and other expenses.

To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional significant dilution, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. We may seek to access the public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the expenses during the reporting periods. These items are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. For information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates, please refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of ~~Operations –~~ Operations—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016. There have not been~~2017. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, there were no material changes to the critical accounting policies previously disclosed in that report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~January~~July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued an accounting standard that changes the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a ~~new~~down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. The standard will be effective on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. We do not believe adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standard that provides guidance for evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The guidance provides a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities, or a set, does not qualify to be a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in an identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. If the screen is not met, the guidance requires a set to be considered a business to include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs and removes the evaluation as to whether a market participant could replace the missing elements. The ~~new~~ standard ~~will be~~became effective ~~for us~~ on January 1, 2018 and ~~will be~~was adopted on a prospective basis. ~~Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect that the~~Adoption of this standard ~~will~~did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that clarifies how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows where diversity in practice exists. The ~~new~~ standard is effective ~~for us~~ in our first quarter of fiscal ~~2018 and earlier adoption is permitted. We do~~2018. Adoption of this standard did not ~~believe that adopting this updated standard will~~ have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that amends how credit losses are measured and reported for certain financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. This ~~new~~ standard will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down for available-for-sale debt securities and will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, but not earlier than annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019. A modified retrospective approach is to be used for certain parts of this guidance, while other parts of the guidance are to be applied using a prospective approach. We ~~are currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on our condensed~~ ~~consolidated financial statements and related disclosures~~.

~~In March 2016,~~ ~~the FASB~~ issued a new accounting standard intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. The new guidance includes provisions to reduce the complexity related to income taxes, statement of cash flows, and forfeitures when accounting for share-based payment transactions. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. ~~We adopted this standard as of January 1, 2017. The~~do not believe adoption of this standard ~~does not~~will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related ~~disclosures~~.disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The ~~new~~ standard is principles-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the ~~new~~ standard is that revenue should be recognized when a company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In March 2016, the FASB issued a ~~new~~ standard to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations, and in April 2016, the FASB issued a ~~new~~ standard to clarify the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing. The ~~new~~ standard also requires disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information surrounding the amount, nature, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In July 2015, the FASB agreed to defer the effective date of the standard from annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, to annual periods beginning after December 15, ~~2017, with an option that permits companies to adopt the standard as early as the original effective date.~~2017. Early application prior to the original effective date iswas not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We ~~do not believe~~reviewed our current accounting policies and practices to assess the impact of the guidance on our business processes. Based on this evaluation, the adoption of this standard ~~will~~did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related ~~disclosures~~.disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard intended to improve financial reporting regarding leasing transactions. The ~~new~~ standard will require us to recognize on our balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by all leased assets. The ~~new~~ standard will also require us to provide enhanced disclosures designed to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from all leases, operating and capital, with lease terms greater than 12 months. The ~~new~~ standard is effective for financial statements beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this ~~new~~ standard will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ~~a new~~an accounting standard that will enhance our reporting for financial instruments. The ~~new~~ standard is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier adoption is permitted for interim and annual reporting periods as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. ~~We do not believe the adoption~~Adoption of this standard ~~will~~did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial ~~statements.~~statements and related disclosures.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes, outside of the ordinary course of business, to our contractual obligations as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

~~There have been no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk as compared to the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk described in our~~ ~~Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016~~.

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 promulgated under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the end of the period covered by this report in that they provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the SEC and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We routinely review our internal controls over financial reporting and from time to time make changes intended to enhance the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting on an ongoing basis and will take action as appropriate.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or to which any of our property is subject.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

The risks we face have not materially changed from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016, except as set forth below:~~2017.

~~Our failure to maintain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our common stock.~~

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. On March 15, 2017, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Department indicating that we are not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), because the minimum bid price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market has closed below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we have 180 calendar days, or until September 11, 2017, to regain compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price per share requirement. To regain compliance, any time before September 11, 2017, the bid price of our common stock must close at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. If we do not regain compliance during this cure period, we expect that Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that our common stock will be delisted. At that time, we may appeal Nasdaq’s delisting determination to a Nasdaq hearing panel.

While we intend to engage in efforts to regain compliance, and thus maintain our listing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance during the applicable time periods set forth above. If we fail to continue to meet all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements in the future and Nasdaq determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could substantially decrease trading in our common stock; adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws; adversely affect our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms, if at all; and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers, and employees and fewer business development opportunities. Additionally, the market price of our common stock may decline further and shareholders may lose some or all of their investment.

ITEM 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Repurchases of Common Stock

The following table lists all repurchases during the three months ended March 31, ~~2017~~2018 of any of our securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act by or on behalf of us or any affiliated purchaser.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities




Period

Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)

Average Price Paid per Share (2)

Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs

Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs

Januray 1, 2017 - January 31, 2017
  -
$-
  -
$-
February 1, 2017 - February 28, 2017
  -
$-
  -
$-
March 1, 2017 - March 31, 2017
  116,473
$0.68
  -
$-
Total
  116,473
$0.68
  -
$-
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share (2)	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Januray 1, 2018 - January 31, 2018	-	$-	-	$-
February 1, 2018 - February 28, 2018	-	$-	-	$-
March 1, 2018 - March 31, 2018	8,866	$5.42	-	$-
Total	8,866	$5.42	-	$-

(1)

Represents shares repurchased in connection with tax withholding obligations under the 1999 Amended Stock Plan.

(2)

Represents the average price paid per share for the shares repurchased in connection with tax withholding obligations under the 1999 Amended Stock Plan.

ITEM 6.

EXHIBITS

The following exhibits ~~listed~~are being filed herewith and are numbered in ~~the accompanying exhibit index are filed as part~~accordance with Item 601 of ~~this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and such exhibit index is incorporated by reference herein.~~

~~SIGNATURES~~

~~Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.~~

	~~TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.~~

~~Date: May 10, 2017~~	~~By:~~	~~/s/~~ ~~Michael B. Jebsen~~
		~~Michael B. Jebsen~~
		~~Interim Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer~~ ~~(On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Executive and Financial Officer)~~

~~EXHIBIT INDEX~~Regulation S-K:

No.		Description

3.1		Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Tenax Therapeutics, Inc. (1)
31.1		Certification of Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1		Certification of Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

(1)

This document was filed as an exhibit to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Tenax Therapeutics with the SEC on February 23, 2018, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Filed herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	TENAX THERAPEUTICS, INC.

Date: May 15, 2018	By:	/s/ Michael B. Jebsen
		Michael B. Jebsen
		Interim Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer (On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

2625

	March 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost	Accrued Interest	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Estimated Fair Value
Corporate debt securities	$10,659,877	$89,425	$6,345	$(18,520)	$10,737,127

Asset Category	Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years)	Value Assigned	Accumulated Amortization	Impairments	Carrying Value (Net of Impairments and Accumulated Amortization)

IPR&D	N/A	22,000,000	-	(22,000,000)	-
Total		$22,000,000		$(22,000,000)	$-

	Warrants	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	2,415,675	$2.64
Cancelled	(407)	123.00
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	2,415,268	$2.62

	Outstanding Options
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balances, at December 31, 2016	4,733,698	$4.98
Options cancelled	(15,000)	$2.07
Balances, at March 31, 2017	4,718,698	$4.99

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Inducement Stock Options outstanding at December 31, 2016	8,334	$3.22
Options forfeited or expired	(8,334)	3.22
Inducement Stock Options outstanding at March 31, 2017	-	$-

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share (2)	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Januray 1, 2017 - January 31, 2017	-	$-	-	$-
February 1, 2017 - February 28, 2017	-	$-	-	$-
March 1, 2017 - March 31, 2017	116,473	$0.68	-	$-
Total	116,473	$0.68	-	$-