UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023


☐			Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-37848



	KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
	(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware		98-0664337
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2035 Maywill Street

Suite 100

Richmond, Virginia 23230

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(804) 289-1300

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	KNSL	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding at April ~~22, 2022: 22,908,023~~21, 2023: 23,154,606

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KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.

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		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	4
	Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2226
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3742
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3742

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3944
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3944
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3944
Item 6.	Exhibits	3944
	Signatures	4045

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include any statement that does not directly relate to historical or current fact. These statements may discuss, among others, our future financial performance, our business prospects and strategy, our anticipated financial position, liquidity and capital, dividends and general market and industry conditions. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as "anticipates," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "predicts," "projects," "believes," "seeks," "outlook," "future," "will," "would," "should," "could," "may," "can have," "prospects" or similar terms. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events, which are subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. These statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by a forward-looking statement. Factors that may cause such differences include, without limitation:

•the possibility that our loss reserves may be inadequate to cover our actual losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;

•the inherent uncertainty of models resulting in actual losses that are materially different than our estimates;

•the failure of any of the loss limitations or exclusions we employ, or change in other claims or coverage issues, having a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations;

•the inability to obtain reinsurance coverage at reasonable prices and on terms that adequately protect us;

•the possibility that severe weather conditions and catastrophes, including due to climate change, pandemics and similar events adversely affecting our business, results of operations and financial condition;

•adverse economic factors, including recession, inflation, periods of high unemployment or lower economic activity resulting in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in frequency or severity of claims and premium defaults or both, affecting our growth and profitability;

•a decline in our financial strength rating adversely affecting the amount of business we write;

•the potential loss of one or more key executives or an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel adversely affecting our results of operations;

•our reliance on a select group of brokers;

•the changing market conditions of our excess and surplus lines ("E&S") insurance operations, as well as the cyclical nature of our business, affecting our financial performance;

•our employees taking excessive risks;

•the intense competition for business in our industry;

•the effects of litigation having an adverse effect on our business;

•the performance of our investment portfolio adversely affecting our financial results;

•the ability to pay dividends being dependent on our ability to obtain cash dividends or other permitted payments from our insurance subsidiary;

•being forced to sell investments to meet our liquidity requirements;

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•our credit agreements contain a number of financial and other covenants, the breach of which could result in acceleration of payment of amounts due under our borrowings;

•extensive regulation adversely affecting our ability to achieve our business objectives or the failure to comply with these regulations adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations;

•the other risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as expressly required under federal securities laws or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), we do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in thousands, except share and per share data)					(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Assets	Assets					Assets
Investments:	Investments:					Investments:
Fixed-maturity securities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $1,521,792 – 2022; $1,371,519 – 2021)		$	1,461,415	$	1,392,066
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $117,609 – 2022; $118,895 – 2021)		163,574		172,611
Fixed-maturity securities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $2,123,256 – 2023, $447 allowance for credit loss; $1,933,632 and $366 – 2022)						Fixed-maturity securities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $2,123,256 – 2023, $447 allowance for credit loss; $1,933,632 and $366 – 2022)	$	1,971,800	$	1,760,100
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $141,855 – 2023; $126,478 – 2022)						Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $141,855 – 2023; $126,478 – 2022)	171,366		152,471
Real estate investments, net						Real estate investments, net	76,475		76,387
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	825		—		Short-term investments	26,640		41,337
Total investments	Total investments	1,625,814		1,564,677		Total investments	2,246,281		2,030,295
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	104,158		121,040		Cash and cash equivalents	158,648		156,274
Investment income due and accrued	Investment income due and accrued	8,225		7,658		Investment income due and accrued	14,948		14,451
Premiums receivable, net		86,397		71,004
Reinsurance recoverables, net		129,287		122,970
Premiums receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $10,127 – 2023; $8,067 – 2022						Premiums receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $10,127 – 2023; $8,067 – 2022	128,774		105,754
Reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance for credit losses of $459 – 2023; $459 – 2022						Reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance for credit losses of $459 – 2023; $459 – 2022	218,796		220,454
Ceded unearned premiums	Ceded unearned premiums	35,628		33,679		Ceded unearned premiums	45,115		42,935
Deferred policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commissions	Deferred policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commissions	47,483		41,968		Deferred policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commissions	69,444		61,594
Intangible assets	Intangible assets	3,538		3,538		Intangible assets	3,538		3,538
Deferred income tax asset, net	Deferred income tax asset, net	22,314		2,109		Deferred income tax asset, net	53,320		56,983
Other assets	Other assets	51,711		57,012		Other assets	58,958		54,844
Total assets	Total assets	$	2,114,555	$	2,025,655	Total assets	$	2,997,822	$	2,747,122

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity					Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:	Liabilities:					Liabilities:
Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	957,575	$	881,344	Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	1,354,151	$	1,238,402
Unearned premiums	Unearned premiums	387,615		347,730		Unearned premiums	563,729		499,677
Payable to reinsurers	Payable to reinsurers	16,080		16,112		Payable to reinsurers	33,111		32,024
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	Accounts payable and accrued expenses	8,913		23,250		Accounts payable and accrued expenses	12,509		31,361
Credit facility		42,727		42,696
Debt						Debt	195,812		195,747

Other liabilities	Other liabilities	36,075		15,188		Other liabilities	22,779		4,462
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	1,448,985		1,326,320		Total liabilities	2,182,091		2,001,673

Stockholders’ equity:	Stockholders’ equity:					Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 22,907,548 and 22,834,377 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 respectively		229		228
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 23,153,945 and 23,090,526 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively						Common stock, $0.01 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 23,153,945 and 23,090,526 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively	232		231
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	296,390		295,040		Additional paid-in capital	347,222		347,015
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	414,756		385,942		Retained earnings	585,686		533,121
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(45,805)		18,125
Accumulated other comprehensive loss						Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(117,409)		(134,918)
Total stockholders’ equity	Total stockholders’ equity	665,570		699,335		Total stockholders’ equity	815,731		745,449
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,114,555	$	2,025,655	Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,997,822	$	2,747,122

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2022		2021				2023		2022
			(in thousands, except per share data)						(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues:	Revenues:						Revenues:
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums		$	245,513	$	168,876	Gross written premiums		$	357,588	$	245,513
Ceded written premiums	Ceded written premiums		(29,015)		(24,578)		Ceded written premiums		(58,558)		(29,015)
Net written premiums	Net written premiums		216,498		144,298		Net written premiums		299,030		216,498
Change in unearned premiums	Change in unearned premiums		(37,936)		(21,257)		Change in unearned premiums		(61,872)		(37,936)
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums		178,562		123,041		Net earned premiums		237,158		178,562
Net investment income	Net investment income		9,088		6,942		Net investment income		20,695		9,088
Change in the fair value of equity securities	Change in the fair value of equity securities		(7,751)		7,091		Change in the fair value of equity securities		3,518		(7,751)
Net realized investment gains			295		1,198
Net realized investment (losses) gains							Net realized investment (losses) gains		(4,652)		295
Change in allowance for credit losses on investments							Change in allowance for credit losses on investments		(81)		—
Other income	Other income		124		11		Other income		306		124
Total revenues	Total revenues		180,318		138,283		Total revenues		256,944		180,318

Expenses:	Expenses:						Expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses		102,505		70,260		Losses and loss adjustment expenses		139,034		102,505
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses	Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses		38,545		28,136		Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses		46,545		38,545
Interest expense							Interest expense		2,570		253
Other expenses	Other expenses		396		448		Other expenses		402		143
Total expenses	Total expenses		141,446		98,844		Total expenses		188,551		141,446
Income before income taxes	Income before income taxes		38,872		39,439		Income before income taxes		68,393		38,872
Total income tax expense	Total income tax expense		7,081		7,360		Total income tax expense		12,593		7,081
Net income	Net income		31,791		32,079		Net income		55,800		31,791
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes			(63,930)		(19,622)
Total comprehensive (loss) income			$	(32,139)	$	12,457
Other comprehensive income (loss):							Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes							Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes		17,509		(63,930)
Total comprehensive income (loss)							Total comprehensive income (loss)		$	73,309	$	(32,139)


Earnings per share:	Earnings per share:					Earnings per share:
Basic	Basic	$	1.40	$	1.42	Basic	$	2.43	$	1.40
Diluted	Diluted	$	1.38	$	1.39	Diluted	$	2.40	$	1.38

Weighted-average shares outstanding:	Weighted-average shares outstanding:					Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic	Basic	22,753		22,665		Basic	23,008		22,753
Diluted	Diluted	23,093		23,069		Diluted	23,290		23,093

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


		Shares of Common Stock	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumu- lated Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)		Total Stock- holders' Equity			Shares of Common Stock	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumu- lated Other Compre- hensive (Loss) Income		Total Stock- holders' Equity
		(in thousands, except per share data)												(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2021		22,834	$	228	$	295,040	$	385,942	$	18,125	$	699,335
Balance at December 31, 2022													Balance at December 31, 2022	23,090,526	$	231	$	347,015	$	533,121	$	(134,918)	$	745,449
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plan	Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plan	76	1		377		—		—		378		Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plan	70,047	1		323		—		—		324
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		1,489		—		—		1,489		Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		1,988		—		—		1,988
Restricted shares withheld for taxes	Restricted shares withheld for taxes	(2)	—		(516)		—		—		(516)		Restricted shares withheld for taxes	(6,628)	—		(2,104)		—		—		(2,104)
Dividends declared ($0.13 per share)		—	—		—		(2,977)		—		(2,977)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—	—		—		—		(63,930)		(63,930)
Dividends declared ($0.14 per share)													Dividends declared ($0.14 per share)	—	—		—		(3,235)		—		(3,235)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax													Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		17,509		17,509
Net income	Net income	—	—		—		31,791		—		31,791		Net income	—	—		—		55,800		—		55,800
Balance at March 31, 2022		22,908	$	229	$	296,390	$	414,756	$	(45,805)	$	665,570
Balance at March 31, 2023													Balance at March 31, 2023	23,153,945	$	232	$	347,222	$	585,686	$	(117,409)	$	815,731


Balance at December 31, 2020		22,757	$	228	$	291,315	$	243,315	$	41,380	$	576,238
Balance at December 31, 2021													Balance at December 31, 2021	22,834,377	$	228	$	295,040	$	385,942	$	18,125	$	699,335
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plan	Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plan	55	—		339		—		—		339		Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plan	75,630	1		377		—		—		378
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		1,036		—		—		1,036		Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		1,489		—		—		1,489
Dividends declared ($0.11 per share)		—	—		—		(2,504)		—		(2,504)
Restricted shares withheld for taxes													Restricted shares withheld for taxes	(2,459)	—		(516)		—		—		(516)
Dividends declared ($0.13 per share)													Dividends declared ($0.13 per share)	—	—		—		(2,977)		—		(2,977)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(19,622)		(19,622)		Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(63,930)		(63,930)
Net income	Net income	—	—		—		32,079		—		32,079		Net income	—	—		—		31,791		—		31,791
Balance at March 31, 2021		22,812	$	228	$	292,690	$	272,890	$	21,758	$	587,566
Balance at March 31, 2022													Balance at March 31, 2022	22,907,548	$	229	$	296,390	$	414,756	$	(45,805)	$	665,570

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Operating activities:	Operating activities:					Operating activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	121,929	$	91,322	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	197,604	$	121,929

Investing activities:	Investing activities:					Investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	Purchase of property and equipment	(703)		(1,282)		Purchase of property and equipment	(2,660)		(703)
Purchase of real estate investment						Purchase of real estate investment	(558)		—

Change in short-term investments, net	Change in short-term investments, net	(840)		—		Change in short-term investments, net	15,066		(840)
Purchases – fixed-maturity securities	Purchases – fixed-maturity securities	(226,496)		(105,010)		Purchases – fixed-maturity securities	(258,220)		(226,496)
Purchases – equity securities	Purchases – equity securities	(487)		(3,282)		Purchases – equity securities	(20,300)		(487)
Sales – fixed-maturity securities	Sales – fixed-maturity securities	54,238		30,797		Sales – fixed-maturity securities	49,220		54,238
Sales – equity securities	Sales – equity securities	1,625		—		Sales – equity securities	1,137		1,625
Maturities and calls – fixed-maturity securities	Maturities and calls – fixed-maturity securities	36,953		45,053		Maturities and calls – fixed-maturity securities	26,103		36,953
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(135,710)		(33,724)		Net cash used in investing activities	(190,212)		(135,710)

Financing activities:	Financing activities:					Financing activities:

Payroll taxes withheld and remitted on share-based payments	Payroll taxes withheld and remitted on share-based payments	(516)		—		Payroll taxes withheld and remitted on share-based payments	(2,104)		(516)
Proceeds from stock options exercised	Proceeds from stock options exercised	378		339		Proceeds from stock options exercised	324		378
Dividends paid	Dividends paid	(2,963)		(2,495)		Dividends paid	(3,238)		(2,963)
Net cash used in financing activities	Net cash used in financing activities	(3,101)		(2,156)		Net cash used in financing activities	(5,018)		(3,101)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(16,882)		55,442		Net change in cash and cash equivalents	2,374		(16,882)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	121,040		77,093		Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	156,274		121,040
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	104,158	$	132,535	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	158,648	$	104,158

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and do not contain all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. As such, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("the Company") included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consist only of normal recurring items. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the full year.

Use of estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, if any, at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Prospective accounting pronouncements

There are no prospective accounting standards which, upon their effective date, would have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

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2. Investments

Available-for-sale investments

The following tables summarize the available-for-sale investments at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		March 31, 2022								March 31, 2023
		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value				Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
		(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Fixed maturities:	Fixed maturities:										Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	14,544	$	—	$	(560)	$	13,984		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	17,940	$	—	$	(964)	$	—	$	16,976
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	222,054		2,611		(6,906)		217,759			Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	206,449		327		(20,973)		—		185,803
Corporate and other securities	Corporate and other securities	557,822		2,312		(31,048)		529,086			Corporate and other securities	1,008,098		1,803		(70,423)		(447)		939,031
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	275,052		789		(2,183)		273,658			Asset-backed securities	484,384		830		(6,703)		—		478,511
Residential mortgage-backed securities	Residential mortgage-backed securities	381,691		332		(23,988)		358,035			Residential mortgage-backed securities	341,064		52		(49,225)		—		291,891
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	70,629		126		(1,862)		68,893			Commercial mortgage-backed securities	65,321		—		(5,733)		—		59,588
Total fixed-maturity investments	Total fixed-maturity investments	$	1,521,792	$	6,170	$	(66,547)	$	1,461,415		Total fixed-maturity investments	$	2,123,256	$	3,012	$	(154,021)	$	(447)	$	1,971,800


		December 31, 2021								December 31, 2022
		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value				Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
		(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Fixed maturities:	Fixed maturities:										Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	6,936	$	—	$	(89)	$	6,847		U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	17,934	$	—	$	(1,193)	$	—	$	16,741
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	216,375		12,139		(469)		228,045			Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	230,746		330		(26,444)		—		204,632
Corporate and other securities	Corporate and other securities	450,594		11,714		(3,821)		458,487			Corporate and other securities	909,285		730		(76,757)		(366)		832,892
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	299,810		2,217		(252)		301,775			Asset-backed securities	361,248		292		(8,534)		—		353,006
Residential mortgage-backed securities	Residential mortgage-backed securities	340,804		1,804		(4,923)		337,685			Residential mortgage-backed securities	349,066		52		(55,156)		—		293,962
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	57,000		2,433		(206)		59,227			Commercial mortgage-backed securities	65,353		—		(6,486)		—		58,867
Total fixed-maturity investments	Total fixed-maturity investments	$	1,371,519	$	30,307	$	(9,760)	$	1,392,066		Total fixed-maturity investments	$	1,933,632	$	1,404	$	(174,570)	$	(366)	$	1,760,100

Available-for-sale securities in a loss position

The Company regularly reviews all its available-for-sale investments with unrealized losses to assess whether the decline in the fair value is deemed to be a credit loss. The Company considers a number of factors in completing its review of credit losses, including the extent to which a security's fair value has been below cost and the financial condition of an issuer. In addition to specific issuer information, the Company also evaluates the current market and interest rate environment. Generally, a decline in a security’s value caused by a change in the market or interest rate environment does not constitute a credit loss.

For fixed-maturity securities, the Company also considers whether it intends to sell the security or, if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, and its ability to recover all amounts outstanding when contractually due. When assessing whether it intends to sell a fixed-maturity security or, if it is

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likely to be required to sell a fixed-maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost, the Company evaluates facts and circumstances including, but not limited to, decisions to reposition the investment portfolio, potential sales of investments to meet cash flow needs and potential sales of investments to capitalize on favorable pricing.

For fixed-maturity securities where a decline in fair value is below the amortized cost basis and the Company intends to sell the security, or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost, an impairment is recognized in net income based on the fair value of the security at the time of assessment. For fixed-maturity securities that the Company does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company would not be required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost, the Company compares the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost of the security. The extent to which the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost of the security represents the credit-related portion of the impairment, which is recognized in net income through an allowance for credit losses. Any remaining decline in fair value represents the noncredit portion of the impairment, which is recognized in other comprehensive income.

The Company reports investment income due and accrued separately from available-for-sale investments and has elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for investment income due and accrued. Investment income due and accrued is written off through earnings at the time the issuer of the bond defaults or is expected to default on payments.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company's credit loss review resulted in an allowance for credit losses on 7 securities. The following table presents changes in the allowance for expected credit losses on available-for-sale securities:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	366	$	—
Increase to allowance from securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	—		—
Reduction from securities sold during the period	—		—
Net increase (decrease) from securities that had an allowance at the beginning of the period	81		—
Ending balance	$	447	$	—

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The following tables summarize gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value for available-for-sale investments by length of time that the securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position:


		March 31, 2022													March 31, 2023
		Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total					Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
		(in thousands)													(in thousands)
Fixed maturities:	Fixed maturities:													Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of the U.S. government agencies	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of the U.S. government agencies	$	13,984	$	(560)	$	—	$	—	$	13,984	$	(560)	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of the U.S. government agencies	$	3,344	$	(27)	$	13,632	$	(937)	$	16,976	$	(964)
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	87,590		(6,590)		1,709		(316)		89,299		(6,906)		Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	73,448		(3,397)		62,164		(17,576)		135,612		(20,973)
Corporate and other securities	Corporate and other securities	414,688		(28,493)		16,100		(2,555)		430,788		(31,048)		Corporate and other securities	380,272		(7,621)		386,348		(62,802)		766,620		(70,423)
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	207,664		(2,088)		5,788		(95)		213,452		(2,183)		Asset-backed securities	163,407		(1,236)		201,074		(5,467)		364,481		(6,703)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	Residential mortgage-backed securities	284,332		(17,784)		58,926		(6,204)		343,258		(23,988)		Residential mortgage-backed securities	9,915		(465)		281,614		(48,760)		291,529		(49,225)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	60,731		(1,697)		1,672		(165)		62,403		(1,862)		Commercial mortgage-backed securities	6,351		(353)		53,237		(5,380)		59,588		(5,733)
Total fixed-maturity investments	Total fixed-maturity investments	$	1,068,989	$	(57,212)	$	84,195	$	(9,335)	$	1,153,184	$	(66,547)	Total fixed-maturity investments	$	636,737	$	(13,099)	$	998,069	$	(140,922)	$	1,634,806	$	(154,021)

At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company held ~~600~~897 fixed-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position with a total estimated fair value of ~~$1.2~~$1.6 billion and gross unrealized losses of ~~$66.5~~$154.0 million. Of these securities, 35569 were in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one year. As discussed above, the Company regularly reviews all fixed-maturity securities within its investment portfolio to determine whether a credit loss has occurred. Based on the Company's review as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, except for securities previously discussed, unrealized losses were caused by interest rate changes or other market factors and were not credit-specific issues. At March 31, ~~2022, 80.8%~~2023, 80.3% of the Company’s fixed-maturity securities

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were rated "A-" or better and all of the Company’s fixed-maturity securities made expected coupon payments under the contractual terms of the securities. ~~For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company concluded that there were no credit losses from fixed-maturity securities with unrealized losses.~~

December 31, 2021
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 6,847 $ (89) $ — $ — $ 6,847 $ (89)
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 23,870 (469) — — 23,870 (469)
Corporate and other securities 188,522 (3,718) 1,092 (103) 189,614 (3,821)
Asset-backed securities 136,669 (204) 4,452 (48) 141,121 (252)
Residential mortgage-backed securities 260,251 (4,329) 17,968 (594) 278,219 (4,923)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 10,773 (206) — — 10,773 (206)
Total fixed-maturity investments $ 626,932 $ (9,015) $ 23,512 $ (745) $ 650,444 $ (9,760)

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	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	10,538	$	(447)	$	6,204	$	(746)	$	16,742	$	(1,193)
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	141,460		(20,347)		17,314		(6,097)		158,774		(26,444)
Corporate and other securities	583,619		(42,675)		156,148		(34,082)		739,767		(76,757)
Asset-backed securities	216,487		(5,429)		97,703		(3,105)		314,190		(8,534)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	98,909		(12,324)		194,773		(42,832)		293,682		(55,156)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	50,666		(4,732)		8,201		(1,754)		58,867		(6,486)
Total fixed-maturity investments	$	1,101,679	$	(85,954)	$	480,343	$	(88,616)	$	1,582,022	$	(174,570)

Contractual maturities of available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are summarized, by contractual maturity, as follows:


		March 31, 2022					March 31, 2023
		Amortized		Estimated			Amortized		Estimated
		Cost		Fair Value			Cost		Fair Value
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	7,749	$	7,766	Due in one year or less	$	55,240	$	54,255
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	258,045		251,927		Due after one year through five years	724,427		703,547
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	244,902		233,059		Due after five years through ten years	214,934		189,970
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	283,724		268,077		Due after ten years	237,886		194,038
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	275,052		273,658		Asset-backed securities	484,384		478,511
Residential mortgage-backed securities	Residential mortgage-backed securities	381,691		358,035		Residential mortgage-backed securities	341,064		291,891
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	70,629		68,893		Commercial mortgage-backed securities	65,321		59,588
Total fixed-maturity securities	Total fixed-maturity securities	$	1,521,792	$	1,461,415	Total fixed-maturity securities	$	2,123,256	$	1,971,800

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties, and the lenders may have the right to put the securities back to the borrower.

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Real estate investments

In December 2022, the Company completed the purchase of a real estate investment property. Real estate investments consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(in thousands)
Building	$	45,253	$	44,931
Land	18,166		17,946
Intangible in-place lease	9,776		9,749
Site improvements	2,714		2,686
Parking deck	1,314		1,311

	77,223		76,623
Accumulated depreciation	(748)		(236)
Total real estate investments, net	$	76,475	$	76,387

Concurrent with the purchase of the real estate investment property, the Company entered into two operating lease agreements for office space as the lessor. The terms of these two leases are 5 years and 12 years. Future minimum rental income expected on these operating leases is $3.3 million in 2023, $4.5 million in 2024, $4.6 million in 2025, $4.8 million in 2026, $4.9 million in 2027 and $36.2 million thereafter.

Net investment income

The following table presents the components of net investment income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2022		2021				2023		2022
			(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Interest:	Interest:						Interest:
Taxable bonds	Taxable bonds		$	7,795	$	5,729	Taxable bonds		$	18,104	$	7,795
Tax exempt municipal bonds	Tax exempt municipal bonds		857		885		Tax exempt municipal bonds		636		857
Cash equivalents and short-term investments	Cash equivalents and short-term investments		19		1		Cash equivalents and short-term investments		713		19
Dividends on equity securities	Dividends on equity securities		1,030		869		Dividends on equity securities		1,143		1,030
Real estate investment income							Real estate investment income		1,358		—
Gross investment income	Gross investment income		9,701		7,484		Gross investment income		21,954		9,701
Investment expenses	Investment expenses		(613)		(542)		Investment expenses		(1,259)		(613)
Net investment income	Net investment income		$	9,088	$	6,942	Net investment income		$	20,695	$	9,088

Investment expenses included depreciation expense related to real estate investments of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no depreciation of real estate investments for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Realized investment gains and losses

The following table presents realized investment gains and losses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2022		2021				2023		2022
			(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Fixed-maturity securities:	Fixed-maturity securities:						Fixed-maturity securities:
Realized gains	Realized gains		$	842	$	1,199	Realized gains		$	399	$	842
Realized losses	Realized losses		(365)		(1)		Realized losses		(1,259)		(365)
Net realized gains from fixed-maturity securities			477		1,198
Net realized (losses) gains from fixed-maturity securities							Net realized (losses) gains from fixed-maturity securities		(860)		477

Equity securities:	Equity securities:						Equity securities:

Realized gains							Realized gains		15		—
Realized losses	Realized losses		(148)		—		Realized losses		(3,800)		(148)
Net realized losses from equity securities	Net realized losses from equity securities		(148)		—		Net realized losses from equity securities		(3,785)		(148)
Realized losses from the sales of short-term investments	Realized losses from the sales of short-term investments		(34)		—		Realized losses from the sales of short-term investments		(7)		(34)

Net realized investment gains			$	295	$	1,198
Net realized investment (losses) gains							Net realized investment (losses) gains		$	(4,652)	$	295

The net realized gains or losses on sales of equity securities represent the total gains or losses from the purchase dates of the equity securities. The change in unrealized gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of income consists of two components: (1) the reversal of the gain or loss recognized in previous periods on equity securities sold and (2) the change in unrealized gain or loss resulting from mark-to-market adjustments on equity securities still held.

Change in net unrealized ~~losses~~gains (losses) on fixed-maturity securities

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, the changes in net unrealized ~~losses~~gains (losses) for fixed-maturity securities were ~~$80.9~~$22.2 million and ~~$24.8~~$(80.9) million, respectively.

Insurance – statutory deposits

The Company had invested assets with a fair value of ~~$6.5 million and $6.7~~$5.9 million on deposit with state regulatory authorities at both March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively.~~

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2022.

Payable for investments purchased

The Company recorded a payable for investments purchased, not yet settled, of ~~$30.7~~$9.6 million and ~~$15.0~~$1.8 million at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The payable balance was included in the "other liabilities" line item of the consolidated balance sheet.

3. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is estimated for each class of financial instrument based on the framework established in the fair value accounting guidance. Fair value is defined as the price in the principal market that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability to facilitate an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are assumed to be independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange and not acting under duress. Fair value hierarchy disclosures are based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

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Adjustments to transaction prices or quoted market prices may be required in illiquid or disorderly markets in order to estimate fair value.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets.

Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and market-corroborated inputs.

Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable for the asset or liability and are significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair values of the Company's investment portfolio are estimated using unadjusted prices obtained by its investment accounting vendor from nationally recognized third-party pricing services, where available. Values for U.S. Treasuries, ~~and~~ exchange traded funds and common stocks are generally based on Level 1 inputs, which use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. For other fixed-maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock, the pricing vendors use a pricing methodology involving the market approach, including pricing models which use prices and relevant market information regarding a particular security or securities with similar characteristics to establish a valuation. The estimates of fair value of these investments are included in the amounts disclosed as Level 2. For those investments where significant inputs are unobservable, the Company's investment accounting vendor obtains valuations from pricing vendors or brokers using the market approach and income approach valuation techniques and are disclosed as Level 3.

Management performs several procedures to ascertain the reasonableness of investment values included in the condensed consolidated financial statements, including 1) obtaining and reviewing internal control reports from the Company's investment accounting vendor that assess fair values from third party pricing services, 2) discussing with the Company's investment accounting vendor its process for reviewing and validating pricing obtained from third party pricing services and 3) reviewing the security pricing received from the Company's investment accounting vendor and monitoring changes in unrealized gains and losses at the individual security level. The Company has evaluated the various types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs.

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The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy:


		March 31, 2022									March 31, 2023
		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Assets	Assets									Assets
Fixed maturities:	Fixed maturities:									Fixed maturities:

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	13,984	$	—	$	—	$	13,984	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	16,976	$	—	$	—	$	16,976
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		217,759		—		217,759		Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		185,803		—		185,803
Corporate and other securities	Corporate and other securities	—		529,086		—		529,086		Corporate and other securities	—		939,031		—		939,031
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	—		273,658		—		273,658		Asset-backed securities	—		478,511		—		478,511
Residential mortgage-backed securities	Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		358,035		—		358,035		Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		291,891		—		291,891
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		68,893		—		68,893		Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		59,588		—		59,588
Total fixed-maturity securities	Total fixed-maturity securities	13,984		1,447,431		—		1,461,415		Total fixed-maturity securities	16,976		1,954,824		—		1,971,800

Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Exchange traded funds	Exchange traded funds	119,288		—		—		119,288		Exchange traded funds	107,367		—		—		107,367
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	—		44,286		—		44,286		Non-redeemable preferred stock	—		34,287		—		34,287
Common stocks										Common stocks	29,712		—		—		29,712
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	119,288		44,286		—		163,574		Total equity securities	137,079		34,287		—		171,366
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	—		825		—		825		Short-term investments	16,909		9,731		—		26,640
Total	Total	$	133,272	$	1,492,542	$	—	$	1,625,814	Total	$	170,964	$	1,998,842	$	—	$	2,169,806

December 31, 2021
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in thousands)
Assets
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 6,847 $ — $ — $ 6,847
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions — 228,045 — 228,045
Corporate and other securities — 458,487 — 458,487
Asset-backed securities — 301,775 — 301,775
Residential mortgage-backed securities — 337,685 — 337,685
Commercial mortgage-backed securities — 59,227 — 59,227
Total fixed-maturity securities 6,847 1,385,219 — 1,392,066
Equity securities:
Exchange traded funds 123,389 — — 123,389
Non-redeemable preferred stock — 49,222 — 49,222
Total equity securities 123,389 49,222 — 172,611
Total $ 130,236 $ 1,434,441 $ — $ 1,564,677

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	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	16,741	$	—	$	—	$	16,741
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		204,632		—		204,632
Corporate and other securities	—		832,892		—		832,892
Asset-backed securities	—		353,006		—		353,006
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		293,962		—		293,962
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		58,867		—		58,867
Total fixed-maturity securities	16,741		1,743,359		—		1,760,100

Equity securities:
Exchange traded funds	104,202		—		—		104,202
Non-redeemable preferred stock	—		38,162		—		38,162
Common stocks	10,107		—		—		10,107
Total equity securities	114,309		38,162		—		152,471
Short-term investments	31,366		9,971		—		41,337
Total	$	162,416	$	1,791,492	$	—	$	1,953,908

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

The carrying amount of the Company's 5.15% Series A Senior Notes was $125.0 million, less debt issuance cost, and the corresponding estimated fair value was $120.9 million and $117.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value measurement was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that factors in current market yields for comparable borrowing arrangements under the Company's credit profile. Since this methodology is based upon market yields for comparable arrangements, the measurement is categorized as Level 2. The estimated fair value of outstanding borrowings under the Company's revolving Credit Facility approximated its carrying value at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. See Note 13 for further information regarding the Company's debt arrangements.

The Company holds cash equivalents that are managed as part of its investment portfolio and, due to the short-term maturities of these assets, the carrying value of these investments approximates fair value. The Company held cash equivalents of ~~$29.9~~$15.9 million and ~~$44.7~~$58.0 million at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. In addition, the estimated fair value of the Credit Facility approximated its carrying value as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See Note 12 for further information regarding the Credit Facility.

4. Allowance For Credit Losses

Premiums receivable

Premiums receivable balances are carried at face value, net of any allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses represents an estimate of amounts considered uncollectible based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of receivables that are past due. The estimate considers historical loss data, current and future economic conditions and specific identification of collectability concerns, where applicable. The following table presents the change in the allowance for credit losses for premiums receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	8,067	$	3,391
Current period change for estimated uncollectible premiums	2,407		2,016
Write-offs of uncollectible premiums receivable	(347)		(366)
Ending balance	$	10,127	$	5,041

5. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

The following table presents the amounts of policy acquisition costs deferred and amortized for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period $ 41,968 $ 31,912
Policy acquisition costs deferred:
Direct commissions 35,860 24,650
Ceding commissions (8,545) (6,204)
Other underwriting and policy acquisition costs 1,988 1,368
Policy acquisition costs deferred 29,303 19,814
Amortization of net policy acquisition costs (23,788) (16,985)
Balance, end of period $ 47,483 $ 34,741


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
		(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period		$	61,594	$	41,968
Policy acquisition costs deferred:
Direct commissions		51,364		35,860
Ceding commissions		(17,378)		(8,545)
Other underwriting and policy acquisition costs		2,646		1,988
Policy acquisition costs deferred		36,632		29,303
Amortization of net policy acquisition costs		(28,782)		(23,788)
Balance, end of period		$	69,444	$	47,483

Amortization of net policy acquisition costs is included in the line item "Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses" in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

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6. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are included in "other assets" in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and consist of the following:


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Building	Building	$	33,101	$	33,101	Building	$	36,870	$	33,065
Parking deck	Parking deck	5,072		5,072		Parking deck	5,072		5,072
Land	Land	3,068		3,068		Land	3,068		3,068
Equipment	Equipment	3,205		3,143		Equipment	3,558		3,444
Software	Software	8,487		7,849		Software	12,305		11,410
Furniture and fixtures	Furniture and fixtures	2,161		2,158		Furniture and fixtures	3,011		2,615
Land improvements						Land improvements	474		474
Leasehold improvements						Leasehold improvements	67		—

Land improvements		474		474

Construction in progress - building						Construction in progress - building	—		2,618
		55,568		54,865			64,425		61,766
Accumulated depreciation	Accumulated depreciation	(6,223)		(5,570)		Accumulated depreciation	(9,027)		(8,291)
Total property and equipment, net	Total property and equipment, net	$	49,345	$	49,295	Total property and equipment, net	$	55,398	$	53,475

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6.7. Underwriting, Acquisition and Insurance Expenses

Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 consist of the following:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands)
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses incurred:
Direct commissions $ 29,951 $ 21,165
Ceding commissions (7,829) (5,355)
Other operating expenses 16,423 12,326
Total $ 38,545 $ 28,136


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
		(in thousands)
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses incurred:
Direct commissions		$	43,169	$	29,951
Ceding commissions		(16,559)		(7,829)
Other underwriting expenses		19,935		16,423
Total		$	46,545	$	38,545

Other ~~operating~~underwriting expenses within underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses ~~include~~included salaries, bonus and employee benefits expenses of ~~$15.0~~$19.3 million and ~~$11.3~~$15.0 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

7.8. Stock-based Compensation

On July 27, 2016, the Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2016 Incentive Plan") became effective. The 2016 Incentive Plan, which is administered by the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, provides for grants of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards to officers, employees, directors, independent contractors and consultants. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2016 Incentive Plan may not exceed 2,073,832.

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The total compensation cost that has been charged against income for share-based compensation arrangements was ~~$1.5~~$2.0 million and ~~$1.0~~$1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company granted restricted stock awards under the 2016 Incentive Plan. The restricted stock awards were valued on the date of grant and will vest over a period of 1 to 4 years corresponding to the anniversary date of the grants. The fair value of restricted stock awards was determined based on the closing trading price of the Company’s shares on the grant date or, if no shares were traded on the grant date, the last preceding date for which there was a sale of shares. Except for restrictions placed on the transferability of restricted stock, holders of unvested restricted stock have full stockholder’s rights, including voting rights and the right to receive dividends. Unvested shares of restricted stock awards and accrued dividends, if any, are forfeited upon the termination of service to or employment with the Company.

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A summary of restricted stock activity under the 2016 Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 is as follows:

For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Non-vested outstanding at the beginning of the period 95,984 $ 131.94
Granted 52,863 $ 211.86
Vested (10,696) $ 188.46
Forfeited (833) $ 171.33
Non-vested outstanding at the end of the period 137,318 $ 158.07


	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Non-vested outstanding at the beginning of the period	98,621	$	182.37
Granted	50,515	$	313.51
Vested	(22,482)	$	205.80
Forfeited	(725)	$	225.64
Non-vested outstanding at the end of the period	125,929	$	230.54

Employees surrender shares to pay for withholding tax obligations resulting from any vesting of restricted stock awards. During the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, shares withheld for taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards totaled ~~2,459.~~6,628.

The weighted average grant-date fair value per share of the Company's restricted stock awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $313.51 and ~~2021 was~~ $211.86, ~~and $185.00,~~ respectively. The fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ was ~~$2.3~~$6.9 million and ~~$0.9~~$2.3 million, respectively. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had ~~$18.7~~$26.5 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense expected to be charged to earnings over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

Stock Options

On July 27, 2016, the Board of Directors approved, and the Company granted, 1,036,916 stock options with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price of $16.00 per share and a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $2.71 per share. The options have a maximum contractual term of 10 years and vested in 4 equal annual installments following the date of the grant.

The value of the options granted was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing ~~model using the following assumptions:~~


~~Risk-free rate of return~~	~~1.26~~	%
~~Dividend yield~~	~~1.25~~	%
~~Expected share price volatility(1)~~	~~18.50~~	%
~~Expected life in years(2)~~	~~6.3 years~~

~~(1)Expected volatility was based on the Company’s competitors within the industry.~~

~~(2)~~Expected life was calculated using the simplified method, which was an average of the contractual term of the option and its ordinary vesting period, as the Company did not have sufficient historical data for determining the expected term of our stock option awards.model.

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A summary of option activity as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and changes during the period then ended is presented below:

Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Years of Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2022 325,433 $ 16.00
Granted — —
Forfeited — —
Exercised (23,600) 16.00
Outstanding at March 31, 2022 301,833 $ 16.00 4.3 $ 63,995
Exercisable at March 31, 2022 301,833 $ 16.00 4.3 $ 63,995


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Years of Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	256,357	$	16.00
Granted	—	—
Forfeited	—	—
Exercised	(20,257)	16.00
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	236,100	$	16.00	3.3	$	67,088
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	236,100	$	16.00	3.3	$	67,088

The total intrinsic value of options exercised was ~~$4.5~~$6.0 million and ~~$3.6~~$4.5 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

8.9. Earnings Per Share

The following represents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income $ 31,791 $ 32,079
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 22,753 22,665
Effect of potential dilutive securities:
Conversion of stock options 291 343
Conversion of restricted stock 49 61
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 23,093 23,069
Earnings per common share:
Basic $ 1.40 $ 1.42
Diluted $ 1.38 $ 1.39


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
		(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income		$	55,800	$	31,791

Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		23,008		22,753
Effect of potential dilutive securities:
Conversion of stock options		234		291
Conversion of restricted stock		48		49
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		23,290		23,093

Earnings per common share:
Basic		$	2.43	$	1.40
Diluted		$	2.40	$	1.38

There were 5347 thousand and 3353 thousand anti-dilutive stock awards for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

9.10. Income Taxes

The Company uses the estimated annual effective tax rate method for calculating its tax provision in interim periods, which represents the Company's best estimate of the effective tax rate expected for the full year. The estimated annual effective tax rate typically differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate, primarily as a result of tax-exempt investment income and any discrete items recognized during the period. The Company's effective tax rates were ~~18.2%~~18.4% and ~~18.7%~~18.2% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The effective tax rates were

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lower than the federal statutory rate of 21% due primarily to the tax benefits from stock-based compensation and from income generated by certain tax-exempt investments.

~~10.~~11. Reserves For Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation of consolidated beginning and ending reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses:


		March 31,					March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Gross reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	Gross reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	$	881,344	$	636,013	Gross reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	$	1,238,402	$	881,344
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	117,561		83,730		Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	177,039		117,561

Net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	Net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	763,783		552,283		Net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	1,061,363		763,783
Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses:	Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses:					Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current year	Current year	110,851		77,333		Current year	148,077		110,851
Prior years	Prior years	(8,346)		(7,073)		Prior years	(9,043)		(8,346)
Total net losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred	Total net losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred	102,505		70,260		Total net losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred	139,034		102,505

Payments:	Payments:					Payments:
Current year	Current year	1,142		1,018		Current year	1,452		1,142
Prior years	Prior years	28,938		27,571		Prior years	43,749		28,938
Total payments	Total payments	30,080		28,589		Total payments	45,201		30,080
Net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	Net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	836,208		593,954		Net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	1,155,196		836,208
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	121,367		94,819		Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	198,955		121,367
Gross reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	Gross reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	$	957,575	$	688,773	Gross reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	$	1,354,151	$	957,575

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2022 developed favorably by $9.0 million, of which $12.6 million was attributable to the 2021 and 2022 accident years due to lower emergence of reported losses than expected across most lines of business. This favorable development was offset in part by adverse development largely from the 2017 and 2019 accident years due primarily to long-tail property damage claims within the construction-related primary casualty business that are more exposed to the recent increase in inflation.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2021 developed favorably by $8.3 million, of which $10.1 million was attributable to the ~~2021~~2020 and ~~2020~~2021 accident years due to lower than expected reported losses across most lines of business. This was offset by $2.0 million of unfavorable development from accident years 2016 and 2018 due to ~~a few large claims.~~

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses held at December 31, 2020 developed favorably by $7.1 million. The favorable development was primarily attributable to the 2020 accident year of $9.5 million, which resulted fromroutine variability in reported ~~losses emerging at a lower level than expected across most lines of business.~~losses.

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~~11.~~12. Reinsurance

The following table summarizes the effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands)
Premiums written:
Direct $ 245,513 $ 168,876
Ceded (29,015) (24,578)
Net written $ 216,498 $ 144,298
Premiums earned:
Direct $ 205,628 $ 145,031
Ceded (27,066) (21,990)
Net earned $ 178,562 $ 123,041


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
		(in thousands)
Premiums written:
Direct		$	357,588	$	245,513

Ceded		(58,558)		(29,015)
Net written		$	299,030	$	216,498

Premiums earned:
Direct		$	293,536	$	205,628

Ceded		(56,378)		(27,066)
Net earned		$	237,158	$	178,562

The following table summarizes ceded losses and loss adjustment expenses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands)
Ceded incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 9,636 $ 12,501


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
		(in thousands)
Ceded incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses		$	36,009	$	9,636

The following table presents reinsurance recoverables on paid and unpaid losses as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
(in thousands)
Reinsurance recoverables on paid losses $ 7,920 $ 5,409
Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses 121,367 117,561
Reinsurance recoverables $ 129,287 $ 122,970


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(in thousands)
Reinsurance recoverables on paid losses	$	19,841	$	43,415
Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses, net	198,955		177,039
Reinsurance recoverables, net	$	218,796	$	220,454

~~12.~~ 13. Debt

Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement

On July 22, 2022, the Company entered into a Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with PGIM, Inc. (“Prudential”) and the purchasers of the Series A Notes (as defined below), named in the Purchaser Schedule attached thereto (collectively, the “Note Purchasers”). Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, on July 22, 2022, the Company issued $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.15% Series A Senior Notes Due July 22, 2034 (collectively, the "Series A Notes”) to the Note Purchasers. The Note Purchase Agreement also provides for the issuance of additional shelf notes from time to time issued thereunder (the “Shelf Notes” and, together with the Series A Notes, the “Notes”) not to exceed $150.0 million of Notes outstanding thereunder. The proceeds of the Notes may be used, among other things, to fund surplus at Kinsale Insurance

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Company, or any other insurance subsidiary of the Company, refinance indebtedness and for general corporate purposes. The Series A Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank pari passu with the Company’s Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. At March 31, 2023, there was $123.2 million outstanding under the Series A Notes, net of debt issuance costs of $1.8 million. The Note Purchase Agreement contains representations and affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants customary for agreements of this type, as well as customary events of default provisions. As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Note Purchase Agreement.

The Series A Notes bear interest at 5.15% per annum and mature on July 22, 2034, unless paid earlier by the Company. Should the Company elect to prepay the Series A Notes, such aggregate prepayment will include the applicable make-whole amount(s), as defined within the applicable Note Purchase Agreement. Principal payments are required annually beginning on July 22, 2030 in equal installments of $25.0 million through July 22, 2034.

Credit Agreement

On May 28, 2019, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) that provided the Company with a $50.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) and an uncommitted accordion feature that permits the Company to increase the commitments by an additional $30.0 million. On July 22, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and as issuing bank, Truist Bank, as syndication agent, and the lenders party thereto (collectively, the “Lenders”). The Amended and Restated Credit ~~Facility has~~Agreement extended the maturity date to July 22, 2027, and increased the aggregate commitment to $100.0 million, with the option to increase the aggregate commitment by $30.0 million, subject to the Company obtaining commitments from existing or new lenders and satisfying other conditions specified in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Company is required to pay a ~~maturity~~Commitment Fee Rate (as defined therein) of ~~May 28, 2024.~~0.25% on the average daily amount of the Available Revolving Commitment (as defined therein). Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit ~~Facility were used to fund construction of the Company’s new headquarters but~~Agreement may ~~also~~ be used for general corporate purposes (which may include, without limitation, to fund future growth, to finance working capital needs, to fund capital expenditures, and ~~general corporate purposes.~~

~~Loans under the Credit Facility may be subject~~ to ~~varying rates of interest depending on whether the loan is a Eurodollar loan~~refinance, redeem or ~~an alternate base rate ("ABR") loan, at the Company's election. Eurodollar loans bear an interest rate per annum equal to adjusted LIBOR for the applicable interest period plus a margin of 1.75%~~repay indebtedness). ~~ABR loans bear~~

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an interest rate per annum equal to (a) the higher of the prime rate, the New York Federal Reserve Board Rate plus 0.50% or the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1%, plus (b) the applicable margin of 0.75%. As ofAt March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, there was ~~$42.7~~$72.6 million outstanding, ~~under the Credit Facility,~~ net of debt issuance ~~cost~~costs of ~~$0.3~~$0.4 million, with a weighted average interest rate of ~~2.19%~~6.4%.

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also contains representations and ~~warranties and~~ affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants customary for ~~financings~~agreements of this type, as well as customary events of default provisions. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Credit Facility.

The loans under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company's option, at a rate equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined therein) plus 1.625% or the Alternate Base Rate (as defined therein) plus 0.625%.

~~13.~~

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14. Other Comprehensive ~~Loss~~Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the components of other comprehensive ~~loss~~income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands)
Unrealized losses on fixed-maturity securities arising during the period, before income taxes $ (80,485) $ (23,650)
Income tax benefit 16,902 4,966
Unrealized losses arising during the period, net of income taxes (63,583) (18,684)
Less reclassification adjustment:
Net realized gains on fixed-maturity securities, before income taxes 439 1,188
Income tax expense (92) (250)
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of income taxes 347 938
Other comprehensive loss $ (63,930) $ (19,622)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
		(in thousands)
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed-maturity securities arising during the period, before income taxes		$	21,170	$	(80,485)
Income tax (expense) benefit		(4,446)		16,902
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of income taxes		16,724		(63,583)
Less reclassification adjustment:
Net realized (losses) gains on fixed-maturity securities, before income taxes		(912)		439
Income tax benefit (expense)		191		(92)
Reclassification adjustment included in net income		(721)		347
Change in allowance for credit losses on investments, before income taxes		(81)		—
Income tax benefit		17		—
Reclassification adjustment included in net income		(64)		—
Other comprehensive income (loss)		$	17,509	$	(63,930)

The sale or credit loss of an available-for-sale fixed-maturity security results in amounts being reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive ~~income (loss)~~loss to realized gains or losses in current period earnings. The related tax effect of the reclassification adjustment is recorded in income tax expense in current period earnings. See Note 2 for additional information.

15. Subsequent Events

During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company completed the purchase of real estate investment property for $76.6 million. The property comprises two office buildings totaling over 580,000 square feet situated on approximately 29 acres of land. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company initiated plans to sell certain parcels and one of the office buildings. Subsequent to March 31, 2023, the Company determined that the related assets met held-for-sale accounting criteria.

Upon the determination to classify a property as held for sale, the Company ceases depreciation and amortization on the real estate property held for sale, as well as amortization of acquired in-place leases. The real estate property held for sale is classified separately on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and is recorded at the lesser of the carrying value or estimated fair value less estimated cost to sell.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The discussion and analysis below include certain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in "Risk Factors" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors.

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, or for any other future period. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, and in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

References to the "Company," "Kinsale," "we," "us," and "our" are to Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

Overview

Founded in 2009, Kinsale is a specialty insurance company. Kinsale focuses exclusively on the excess and surplus lines ("E&S") market in the U.S., where we use our underwriting expertise to write coverages for hard-to-place small business risks and personal lines risks. We market these insurance products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, primarily through a network of independent insurance brokers.

We have one reportable segment, our Excess and Surplus Lines Insurance segment, which offers property and casualty ("P&C") insurance products through the E&S market. For the first three months of ~~2022,~~2023, the percentage breakdown of our gross written premiums was ~~82%~~70% casualty and ~~18%~~30% property. Our commercial underwriting divisions include ~~small business,~~ commercial property, excess casualty, small business casualty, construction, general casualty, allied health, products liability, ~~general casualty,~~professional liability, life sciences, ~~professional liability,~~energy, small property, entertainment, management liability, ~~energy,~~environmental, health care, ~~environmental, entertainment,~~ inland marine, public entity, commercial auto, aviation, ocean marine and ~~public entity.~~product recall. We also write a small amount of homeowners insurance in the personal lines market, which in aggregate represented 3%2% of our gross written premiums in the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 and is included within our personal insurance division.

~~COVID-19~~

Consistent with 2021, the Company's results of operations, financial position and cash flows were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and the related economic effects during the first three months of 2022. For further discussion, see Part II, Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Gross written premiums

Gross written premiums are the amounts received or to be received for insurance policies written or assumed by us during a specific period of time without reduction for policy acquisition costs, reinsurance costs or other deductions. The volume of our gross written premiums in any given period is generally influenced by:

•New business submissions;

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•Conversion of new business submissions into policies;

•Renewals of existing policies; and

•Average size and premium rate of bound policies.

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We earn insurance premiums on a pro rata basis over the term of the policy. Our insurance policies generally have a term of one year. Net earned premiums represent the earned portion of our gross written premiums, less that portion of our gross written premiums that is ceded to third-party reinsurers under our reinsurance agreements.

Ceded written premiums

Ceded written premiums are the amount of gross written premiums ceded to reinsurers. We enter into reinsurance contracts to limit our exposure to potential large losses. Ceded written premiums are earned over the reinsurance contract period in proportion to the period of risk covered. The volume of our ceded written premiums is impacted by the level of our gross written premiums, ~~and~~ any decision we make to increase or decrease retention ~~levels.~~levels and reinstatement premiums, if any.

Losses and loss adjustment expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses are a function of the amount and type of insurance contracts we write and the loss experience associated with the underlying coverage. In general, our losses and loss adjustment expenses are affected by:

•Frequency of claims associated with the particular types of insurance contracts that we write;

•Trends in the average size of losses incurred on a particular type of business;

•Mix of business written by us;

•Changes in the legal or regulatory environment related to the business we write;

•Trends in legal defense costs;

•Wage inflation

•Social inflation;

•Inflation in material costs, and

•Inflation in medical costs.

Losses and loss adjustment expenses are based on an actuarial analysis of the estimated losses, including losses incurred during the period and changes in estimates from prior periods. Losses and loss adjustment expenses may be paid out over a period of years.

Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses

Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses include policy acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses. Policy acquisition costs are principally comprised of the commissions we pay our brokers, net of ceding commissions we receive on business ceded under certain reinsurance contracts. Policy acquisition costs also include underwriting expenses that are directly related to the successful acquisition of those policies which are deferred. The amortization of policy acquisition costs is charged to expense in proportion to premium earned over the policy life.

Other underwriting expenses represent the general and administrative expenses of our insurance business such as employment costs, telecommunication and technology costs, and legal and auditing fees.

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Net investment income

Net investment income is an important component of our results of operations. We earn investment income on our portfolio of cash and invested assets. Our cash and invested assets are primarily comprised of fixed-maturity securities, and may also include cash equivalents, equity securities and short-term investments. The principal factors that influence net investment income are the size of our investment portfolio and the yield on that portfolio. As measured by amortized cost (which excludes changes in fair value), the size of our investment portfolio is mainly a function of our invested equity capital combined with premiums we receive from our insureds less payments on policyholder claims. Net investment income also includes rental income and depreciation expense from our real estate investment property.

Change in fair value of equity securities

Change in fair value of equity securities represents the increase or decrease in the fair value of equity securities held during the period.

Net realized investment gains (losses)

Net realized investment gains (losses) are a function of the difference between the amount received by us on the sale of a security and the security's amortized cost.

Income tax expense

Currently, substantially all of our income tax expense relates to federal income taxes. Our insurance subsidiary, Kinsale Insurance Company, is not subject to income taxes in the states in which it operates; however, our non-insurance subsidiaries are subject to state income taxes, but have not generated any material taxable income to date. The amount of income tax expense or benefit recorded in future periods will depend on the jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax laws and regulations in effect.

Key metrics

We discuss certain key metrics, described below, which we believe provide useful information about our business and the operational factors underlying our financial performance.

Underwriting income is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define underwriting income as net income, excluding net investment income, net change in the fair value of equity securities, net realized investment gains and losses, change in allowance for credit losses on investments, interest expense, other income, other expenses and income tax expense. See "—Reconciliation of ~~non-GAAP financial measures"~~Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to underwriting income.

Net operating earnings is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define net operating earnings as net income excluding the net change in the fair value of equity securities, after taxes, ~~and~~ net realized investment gains and losses, after taxes and change in allowance for credit losses on investments, after taxes. See "—Reconciliation of ~~non-GAAP financial measures"~~Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to net operating earnings.

Loss ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses to net earned premiums.

Expense ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses to net earned premiums.

Combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. A combined ratio under 100% indicates an underwriting profit. A combined ratio over 100% indicates an underwriting loss.

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Return on equity is net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending total stockholders’ equity during the period.

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Operating return on equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define operating return on equity as net operating earnings expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending total stockholders’ equity during the period. See "—Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures" for a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to net operating earnings.

~~Net retention ratio~~ ~~is the ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums.~~

~~Gross investment return~~ is investment income from fixed-maturity and equity securities, before any deductions for fees and expenses, expressed as a percentage of the average beginning and ending book value of those investments during the period.

~~Results of Operations~~

~~Three~~ ~~months ended March 31, 2022 compared to~~ ~~three~~ ~~months ended March 31, 2021~~

~~The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:~~

Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands) 2022 2021 Change % Change
Gross written premiums $ 245,513 $ 168,876 $ 76,637 45.4 %
Ceded written premiums (29,015) (24,578) (4,437) 18.1 %
Net written premiums $ 216,498 $ 144,298 $ 72,200 50.0 %
Net earned premiums $ 178,562 $ 123,041 $ 55,521 45.1 %
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 102,505 70,260 32,245 45.9 %
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses 38,545 28,136 10,409 37.0 %
Underwriting income (1)
37,512 24,645 12,867 52.2 %
Net investment income 9,088 6,942 2,146 30.9 %
Change in fair value of equity securities (7,751) 7,091 (14,842) (209.3) %
Net realized investment gains 295 1,198 (903) (75.4) %
Other expense, net (272) (437) 165 (37.8) %
Income before taxes 38,872 39,439 (567) (1.4) %
Income tax expense 7,081 7,360 (279) (3.8) %
Net income $ 31,791 $ 32,079 $ (288) (0.9) %
Net operating earnings (2)
$ 37,681 $ 25,531 $ 12,150 47.6 %
Loss ratio 57.4 % 57.1 %
Expense ratio 21.6 % 22.9 %
Combined ratio 79.0 % 80.0 %
Annualized return on equity 18.6 % 22.1 %
Annualized operating return on equity(2)
22.1 % 17.6 %

~~(1)Underwriting income is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to underwriting income.~~

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~~(2)~~Net operating earnings and annualized operating return on equity are non-GAAP financial measures. Net operating earnings is defined as net income excluding the net change in the fair value of equity securities, after taxes, and net realized investment gains and losses, after taxes. Annualized operating return on equity is defined as net operating earnings expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending total stockholders’ equity during the period. See "—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to net operating earnings.

Net retention ratio is the ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums.

Gross investment return is investment income from fixed-maturity and equity securities (and short-term investments, if any), before any deductions for fees and expenses, expressed as a percentage of the average beginning and ending book values of those investments during the period.

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Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to three months ended March 31, 2022

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2023			2022			Change		% Change

Gross written premiums	$	357,588		$	245,513		$	112,075	45.6	%
Ceded written premiums	(58,558)			(29,015)			(29,543)		101.8	%
Net written premiums	$	299,030		$	216,498		$	82,532	38.1	%

Net earned premiums	$	237,158		$	178,562		$	58,596	32.8	%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	139,034			102,505			36,529		35.6	%
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses	46,545			38,545			8,000		20.8	%
Underwriting income (1)	51,579			37,512			14,067		37.5	%
Net investment income	20,695			9,088			11,607		127.7	%
Change in fair value of equity securities	3,518			(7,751)			11,269		NM
Net realized investment (losses) gains	(4,652)			295			(4,947)		NM
Change in allowance for credit losses on investments	(81)			—			(81)		NM
Interest expense	(2,570)			(253)			(2,317)		915.8	%
Other expense, net	(96)			(19)			(77)		405.3	%
Income before taxes	68,393			38,872			29,521		75.9	%
Income tax expense	12,593			7,081			5,512		77.8	%
Net income	$	55,800		$	31,791		$	24,009	75.5	%

Net operating earnings (2)	$	56,760		$	37,681		$	19,079	50.6	%

Loss ratio	58.6		%	57.4		%
Expense ratio	19.6		%	21.6		%
Combined ratio (3)	78.2		%	79.0		%

Annualized return on equity	28.6		%	18.6		%
Annualized operating return on equity (2)	29.1		%	22.1		%

NM - Percentage change not meaningful.

(1)Underwriting income is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to underwriting income.

(2)Net operating earnings and annualized operating return on equity are non-GAAP financial measures. Net operating earnings is defined as net income excluding the net change in the fair value of equity securities, after taxes, net realized investment gains and losses, after taxes, and change in allowance for credit losses on investments, after taxes. Annualized operating return on equity is defined as net operating earnings expressed as a percentage of average beginning and ending total stockholders’ equity during the period. See "—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to net operating earnings.

(3)The combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and expense ratio as presented. Calculations of each component may not add due to rounding.

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Overview

Net income was $55.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $31.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, ~~compared to $32.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease~~an increase of ~~0.9%~~75.5%. The ~~decrease~~increase in net income for the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 over the same period last year was primarily due to a ~~decline in the fair value~~combination of ~~our equity investment portfolio driven by adverse movements in the capital markets during the quarter. This decrease was mostly offset by~~ strong growth in the business from favorable E&S market conditions and continued rate increases, higher returns on equity investments and an increase in investment income ~~quarter over quarter~~ driven by higher investment ~~balances.~~balances and higher interest rates.

Underwriting income was $51.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $37.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, ~~compared to $24.6 million~~an increase of 37.5%. The corresponding combined ratios were 78.2% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021, an increase of 52.2%. The corresponding combined ratios were~~2023 compared to 79.0% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 compared to 80.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022. The increase in underwriting income for the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 compared to the same period last year was due to ~~higher~~a combination of premium growth, favorable loss experience, lower net commissions and ~~continued rate increases from a favorable E&S market environment.~~scale.

Premiums

Our gross written premiums were $357.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $245.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, ~~compared to $168.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,~~ an increase of ~~$76.6~~$112.1 million, or ~~45.4%~~45.6%. The increase in gross written premiums for the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 over the same period last year was due to higher submission activity from brokers and higher rates across most lines of business, resulting from continued favorable conditions in the E&S market. The average premium on a policy written was $14,900 in the first three months of 2023 compared to $11,800 in the first three months of ~~2022 compared to $9,800 in the first three months of 2021.~~2022. Excluding our personal lines insurance, which has a relatively low premium per policy written, the average premium on a policy written was $16,200 for the first three months of 2023 and $14,200 for the first three months of ~~2022 and $12,300 for the first three months of 2021.~~2022.

Net written premiums increased by ~~$72.2~~$82.5 million, or ~~50.0%~~38.1%, to $299.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $216.5 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 from $144.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022. The increase in net written premiums for the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to higher gross written premiums. The net retention ratio was ~~88.2%~~83.6% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~85.4%~~88.2% for the same period last year. The ~~increase~~decrease in the net retention ratio was ~~primarily~~ due to ~~lower reinstatement~~higher premiums ~~on certain~~ceded under the new commercial property quota share reinsurance ~~treaties~~treaty, effective June 1, 2022, and a change in the mix of ~~business quarter over quarter.~~business.

Net earned premiums increased by ~~$55.5~~$58.6 million, or ~~45.1%~~32.8%, to $237.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $178.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 ~~from $123.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021~~ due to growth in gross written premiums.

Loss ratio

The loss ratio was 58.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 57.4% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 compared to 57.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022. The increase in the loss ratio in the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 compared to the first three months of ~~2021~~2022 was due primarily to lower net favorable ~~net~~ development of loss reserves from prior accident years as a percentage of earned premiums and higher catastrophe losses incurred during the period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, prior accident years developed favorably by $9.0 million, of which $12.6 million was attributable to the 2021 and 2022 accident years due to lower emergence of reported losses than expected across most lines of business. This favorable development was offset in part by ~~lower reported losses in~~adverse development largely from the ~~current~~2017 and 2019 accident ~~year as a percentage of earned premiums compared~~years due primarily to long-tail property damage claims within our construction-related primary casualty business that are more exposed to the ~~same period last~~recent increase in inflation. On an inception-to-date basis, all prior accident years have developed favorably with the exception of the 2011 accident year.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2022, prior accident years developed favorably by $8.3 million, of which $10.1 million was attributable to the ~~2021~~2020 and ~~2020~~2021 accident years due to lower than expected reported losses across

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most lines of business. This was offset by $2.0 million of unfavorable development from accident years 2016 and 2018 due to ~~a few large claims.~~

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, loss reserves from prior accident years developed favorably by $7.1 million. The favorable development was primarily attributable to the 2020 accident year of $9.5 million, which resulted fromroutine variability in reported ~~losses emerging at a lower level than expected across most lines of business.~~

losses.

The following table summarizes the loss ratios for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022				2021					2023				2022
($ in thousands)	($ in thousands)	Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses		% of Earned Premiums		Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses		% of Earned Premiums		($ in thousands)	Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses		% of Earned Premiums		Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses		% of Earned Premiums
Loss ratio:	Loss ratio:									Loss ratio:
Current accident year before catastrophe losses	Current accident year before catastrophe losses	$	110,789	62.1	%	$	77,257	62.8	%	Current accident year before catastrophe losses	$	146,503	61.8	%	$	110,789	62.1	%
Current year catastrophe losses	Current year catastrophe losses	62		—	%	76		—	%	Current year catastrophe losses	1,574		0.6	%	62		—	%
Effect of prior year development	Effect of prior year development	(8,346)		(4.7)	%	(7,073)		(5.7)	%	Effect of prior year development	(9,043)		(3.8)	%	(8,346)		(4.7)	%
Total	Total	$	102,505	57.4	%	$	70,260	57.1	%	Total	$	139,034	58.6	%	$	102,505	57.4	%

Expense ratio

The following table summarizes the components of the expense ratio for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
($ in thousands) Underwriting Expenses % of Earned Premiums Underwriting Expenses % of Earned Premiums
Commissions incurred:
Direct $ 29,951 16.8 % $ 21,165 17.2 %
Ceding (7,829) (4.4) % (5,355) (4.3) %
Net commissions incurred 22,122 12.4 % 15,810 12.9 %
Other underwriting expenses 16,423 9.2 % 12,326 10.0 %
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses $ 38,545 21.6 % $ 28,136 22.9 %


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023				2022
($ in thousands)	Underwriting Expenses		% of Earned Premiums		Underwriting Expenses		% of Earned Premiums




Net commissions incurred	26,610		11.2	%	22,122		12.4	%
Other underwriting expenses	19,935		8.4	%	16,423		9.2	%
Total	$	46,545	19.6	%	$	38,545	21.6	%

The expense ratio was 19.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 21.6% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 compared to 22.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022. The decrease in the expense ratio was due to lower net commissions incurred and lower other underwriting expenses ~~and lower net commissions incurred~~ as a percentage of earned premiums. The decrease in ~~the other underwriting expense ratio~~net commissions incurred was due primarily ~~due~~ to higher ~~net~~ceding commissions earned ~~premiums, without a proportional increase in~~under the ~~amount of other underwriting expenses,~~commercial property quota share treaty as a result of ~~management's focus on controlling costs. The decrease in~~commercial property premium growth. Underwriting expenses relative to earned premium decreased as the ~~net commissions incurred ratio was largely due~~Company continues to ~~lower reinstatement premiums on certain property reinsurance treaties that do not have ceding commissions, and a change in the mix of business.~~benefit from scale. Direct commissions paid as a percentage of gross written premiums was 14.4% and 14.6% for ~~both~~ the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021.~~respectively.

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Investing results

The following table summarizes net investment income, change in the fair value of equity securities and net realized investment (losses) and gains for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands) 2022 2021 Change
Interest from fixed-maturity securities $ 8,652 $ 6,614 $ 2,038
Dividends from equity securities 1,030 869 161
Other 19 1 18
Gross investment income 9,701 7,484 2,217
Investment expenses (613) (542) (71)
Net investment income 9,088 6,942 2,146
Change in fair value of equity securities (7,751) 7,091 (14,842)
Net realized investment gains 295 1,198 (903)
Total $ 1,632 $ 15,231 $ (13,599)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Change

Interest from fixed-maturity securities	$	18,740	$	8,652	$	10,088
Dividends from equity securities	1,143		1,030		113
Cash equivalents and short-term investments	713		19		694
Real estate investment income	1,358		—		1,358
Gross investment income	21,954		9,701		12,253
Investment expenses	(1,259)		(613)		(646)
Net investment income	20,695		9,088		11,607
Change in fair value of equity securities	3,518		(7,751)		11,269
Net realized investment (losses) gains	(4,652)		295		(4,947)
Change in allowance for credit losses on investments	(81)		—		(81)
Net realized and unrealized investment losses	(1,215)		(7,456)		6,241
Total	$	19,480	$	1,632	$	17,848

Our net investment income increased by ~~30.9%~~127.7% to $20.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $9.1 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 from $6.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. This~~2022. The increase in the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to growth in our investment portfolio largely generated from the investment of ~~positive~~strong operating cash ~~flow since March 31, 2021.~~flows and higher interest rates relative to the prior year period. Our fixed-maturity investment portfolio, excluding cash equivalents and unrealized gains and losses, had an annualized gross investment return of ~~2.5% for the three months~~3.7% and ~~ended March 31, 2022 and 2.6%~~2.5% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2023 and 2022, respectively.

During the first three months of 2023, the change in fair value of equity securities was comprised of unrealized gains related to exchange traded funds ("ETFs") of $2.7 million and unrealized gains related to non-redeemable preferred stock of $0.8 million. The change in unrealized gains during the first three months of 2023 attributable to ETFs reflected higher valuations in the broader U.S. stock market during the period.

During the first three months of 2022, the change in fair value of equity securities was comprised of unrealized losses related to exchange traded funds ("ETFs") of $4.5 million and unrealized losses related to non-redeemable preferred stock of $3.2 million. The change in unrealized losses during the first three months of 2022 attributable to ETFs was largely reflective of the broader U.S. stock market. The change in unrealized losses during the first three months of 2022 attributable to non-redeemable preferred stock was reflective of a higher interest rate environment.

~~During~~Net realized investments losses were $4.7 million for the ~~first~~ three months ~~of 2021, the change in fair value of equity securities was comprised of unrealized gains~~ended March 31, 2023 and were primarily related to ~~ETFs~~disposing of ~~$7.5 million~~securities issued by certain banking and ~~unrealized losses related to preferred stock of $0.4 million. Unrealized gains during the first quarter of 2021 were largely reflective of the gains in the broader U.S. stock market.~~financial institutions.

We perform quarterly reviews of all available-for-sale securities within our investment portfolio to determine whether the decline in a security's fair value is deemed to be a credit loss. ~~Management concluded that there~~Based on our review, we recorded an allowance for credit losses of $0.4 million at March 31, 2023. There were no credit losses ~~from available-for-sale investments for the three months ended~~recorded at March 31, ~~2022 or 2021.~~2022. See Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding credit losses.

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Income tax expense

Our effective tax rate was 18.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 18.2% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 compared to 18.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022. The effective tax rate was lower than the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax benefits from stock-based compensation and tax-exempt investment income.

Return on equity

Our annualized return on equity was 28.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 18.6% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2022. Our annualized operating return on equity was 29.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 22.1% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021. Our annualized operating return on equity was 22.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to 17.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022. The increase in annualized

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operating return on equity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the prior period was attributable ~~primarily~~largely to continued profitable growth in the business from continuing favorable market conditions and rate increases.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and uses of funds

We are organized as a Delaware holding company with our operations primarily conducted by our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, Kinsale Insurance Company, which is domiciled in Arkansas. Accordingly, we may receive cash through (1) loans from banks and other third parties, (2) issuance of equity and debt securities, (3) corporate service fees from our insurance subsidiary, (4) payments from our subsidiaries pursuant to our consolidated tax allocation agreement and other transactions, and (5) dividends from our insurance subsidiary. We may use the proceeds from these sources to contribute funds to Kinsale Insurance Company in order to support premium growth, reduce our reliance on reinsurance, pay dividends and taxes and for other business purposes.

We receive corporate service fees from Kinsale Insurance Company to reimburse us for most of the operating expenses that we incur. Reimbursement of expenses through corporate service fees is based on the actual costs that we expect to incur with no mark-up above our expected costs.

In August ~~2019,~~2022, we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC that expires in ~~2022.~~2025. We can use this shelf registration to issue an unspecified amount of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares and warrants. The specific terms of any securities we issue under this registration statement will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplements.

In July 2022, we entered into a Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”), which provides for the issuance of senior promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of up to $150.0 million. Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, on July 22, 2022 we issued $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.15% senior promissory notes (the “Series A Notes”), the proceeds of which were used to fund surplus at Kinsale Insurance Company, refinance indebtedness and for general corporate purposes. See Note 13 for further information regarding the Note Purchase Agreement.

In July 2022, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which extended the maturity date to July 22, 2027, and increased the aggregate commitment to $100.0 million, with the option to increase the aggregate commitment by $30.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes (which may include, without limitation, to fund future growth, to finance working capital needs, to fund capital expenditures, and to refinance, redeem or repay indebtedness). See Note 13 for further information regarding the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

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Management believes that the Company has sufficient liquidity available both in Kinsale and in its insurance subsidiary, Kinsale Insurance Company, as well as in its other operating subsidiaries, to meet its operating cash needs and obligations and committed capital expenditures for the next 12 months.

Cash flows

Our most significant source of cash is from premiums received from our insureds, which, for most policies, we receive at the beginning of the coverage period. Our most significant cash outflow is for claims that arise when a policyholder incurs an insured loss. Because the payment of claims occurs after the receipt of the premium, often years later, we invest the cash in various investment securities that earn interest and dividends. We also use cash to pay commissions to insurance brokers, as well as to pay for ongoing operating expenses such as salaries, consulting services and taxes. As described under "—Reinsurance" below, we use reinsurance to manage the risk that we take related to the issuance of our policies. We cede, or pay out, part of the premiums we receive to our reinsurers and collect cash back when losses subject to our reinsurance coverage are paid.

The timing of our cash flows from operating activities can vary among periods due to the timing by which payments are made or received. Some of our payments and receipts, including loss settlements and subsequent reinsurance receipts, can be significant, so their timing can influence cash flows from operating activities in any given period. Management believes that cash receipts from premiums, proceeds from investment sales and redemptions and investment income are sufficient to cover cash outflows in the foreseeable future.

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Our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ 121,929 $ 91,322
Investing activities (135,710) (33,724)
Financing activities (3,101) (2,156)
Change in cash and cash equivalents $ (16,882) $ 55,442


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	197,604	$	121,929
Investing activities	(190,212)		(135,710)
Financing activities	(5,018)		(3,101)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	$	2,374	$	(16,882)

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately ~~$121.9~~$197.6 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, compared to ~~$91.3~~$121.9 million for the same period in ~~2021.~~2022. This increase was largely driven by higher premium volume, the timing of claim payments and reinsurance recoveries, offset in part by changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities was $190.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $135.7 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022, compared to $33.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022. Net cash used in investing activities during the first three months of 2023 included purchases of fixed-maturity securities of $258.2 million, which were comprised largely of asset-backed securities, corporate bonds, and to a lesser extent, municipal securities. During the first three months of 2023, we received proceeds of $49.2 million from sales of fixed-maturity securities, largely municipal securities and corporate bonds, and $26.1 million from redemptions and maturities of mortgage- and asset-backed securities and corporate bonds. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, purchases of equity securities of $20.3 million consisted of common stocks. In addition, net sales of short-term investments of $15.1 million consisted of U.S. Treasuries and corporate bonds.

Net cash used in investing activities of $135.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 included purchases of fixed-maturity securities of $226.5 million, which were comprised largely of corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and to a lesser extent, asset-backed securities, sovereign and municipal securities.

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During the first three months of 2022, we received proceeds of $54.2 million from sales of fixed-maturity securities, largely corporate bonds and mortgage- and asset-backed securities, and $37.0 million from redemptions of asset- and mortgage-backed securities and corporate bonds. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, purchases of ETFs were $0.5 million.

Net cash used in investing activities of $33.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 included purchases of fixed-maturity securities of $105.0 million, and were comprised primarily of corporate bonds and asset- and mortgage-backed securities. During the first three months of ~~2021, we received proceeds~~2023, cash used in financing activities reflected dividends paid of ~~$30.8~~$0.14 per common share, or $3.2 million ~~from sales of fixed-maturity securities, largely corporate bonds, and $45.1 million from redemptions of asset- and mortgage-backed securities and corporate bonds. For~~in aggregate. In addition, for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2023, ~~, purchases~~payroll taxes withheld and remitted on restricted stock awards were $2.1 million, offset in part by proceeds received from our equity compensation plans of ~~ETFs and non-redeemable preferred stock were $0.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively.~~$0.3 million.

During the first three months of 2022, cash used in financing activities reflected dividends paid of $0.13 per common share, or $3.0 million in aggregate. In addition, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, payroll taxes withheld and remitted on restricted stock awards ~~was~~were $0.5 million, offset in part by proceeds received from our equity compensation plans of $0.4 ~~million, for the three months ended~~ million.~~March 31, 2022.~~ ~~During the first three months of~~ ~~March 31, 2021~~, cash used in financing activities reflected dividends paid of $0.11 per common share, or $2.5 million in aggregate. Proceeds received from our equity compensation plans were $0.3 million for the three months ended ~~March 31, 2021.~~

~~Credit agreement~~

In May 2019, we entered into a Credit Agreement that provided us with a $50 million Credit Facility and an uncommitted accordion feature that permits us to increase the commitments by an additional $30 million. The Credit Facility has a maturity of May 28, 2024. Borrowings under the Credit Facility were used to fund construction of our new headquarters but may also be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. Interest rates on borrowings are based on prevailing interest rates and the applicable margin, as described in the Credit Agreement. As of ~~March 31, 2022, there was $42.7 million outstanding under the Credit Facility, net of debt issuance costs.~~

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Reinsurance

We enter into reinsurance contracts primarily to limit our exposure to potential large losses. Reinsurance involves an insurance company transferring ("ceding") a portion of its exposure on a risk to another insurer, the reinsurer. The reinsurer assumes the exposure in return for a portion of the premium. Our reinsurance is primarily contracted under quota-share reinsurance ~~contracts~~treaties and excess of loss ~~contracts.~~treaties. In quota-share reinsurance, the reinsurer agrees to assume a specified percentage of the ceding company's losses arising out of a defined class of business in exchange for a corresponding percentage of premiums, net of a ceding commission. In excess of loss reinsurance, the reinsurer agrees to assume all or a portion of the ceding company's losses, in excess of a specified amount. Under excess of loss reinsurance, the premium payable to the reinsurer is negotiated by the parties based on their assessment of the amount of risk being ceded to the reinsurer because the reinsurer does not share proportionately in the ceding company's losses.

We renew our reinsurance treaties annually. During each renewal cycle, there are a number of factors we consider when determining our reinsurance coverage, including (1) plans to change the underlying insurance coverage we offer, (2) trends in loss activity, (3) the level of our capital and surplus, (4) changes in our risk appetite and (5) the cost and availability of reinsurance coverage.Effective with the June 1, 2022 renewal, we entered into a new commercial property insurance quota share treaty in place of our previous property per-risk reinsurance treaty.

To manage our natural catastrophe exposure, we use computer models to analyze the risk of severe losses. We measure exposure to these losses in terms of probable maximum loss ("PML"), which is an estimate of the amount of loss we would expect to meet or exceed once in a given number of years (referred to as the return period). When managing our catastrophe exposure, we focus on the 100-year and the 250-year return periods.

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The following is a summary of our significant reinsurance programs as of March 31, ~~2022:~~2023:

Line of Business Covered

Company Policy Limit

Reinsurance Coverage

Company Retention

Property - ~~per risk~~commercial insurance (1)

UpN/A

42.5% up to ~~$10.0~~$93.3 million per ~~risk~~catastrophe

~~$5.75 million excess~~57.5% of ~~$3.0 million~~

~~$3.0 million per occurrence~~all commercial property losses

Property - personal insurance (2)

N/A

50% up to ~~$30.4~~$35.5 million per catastrophe

50% of all personal property losses

Property - catastrophe (3)

N/A

$~~60.0~~75.0 million excess of ~~$15.0~~$25.0 million

$~~15.0~~25.0 million per catastrophe

Primary casualty (4)

Up to $10.0 million per occurrence

$8.0 million excess of $2.0 million

$2.0 million per occurrence

Excess casualty (5)

Up to $10.0 million per occurrence

Variable quota share

$2.0 million per occurrence except as described in note (5) below

(1) Our commercial property ~~per-risk~~quota-share reinsurance reduces the financial impact of ~~a large loss~~property losses on ~~a single~~our commercial property, orsmall property and inland marine ~~policy. In addition~~policies. Reinsurance is not applicable to ~~the Company's retention, this treaty includes~~any individual policy with a ~~deductible~~limit of ~~the first $4.0~~$2.0 million of losses covered under this reinsurance treaty. This treaty also includes a reinstatement provision which requires us to pay reinstatement premiums after a loss in excess of $5 million has occurred in order to preserve coverage.or less.

(2) Our personal insurance quota share reinsurance reduces the financial impact of property losses on our personal insurance policies.

(3) Our property catastrophe reinsurance reduces the financial impact of a catastrophe event involving multiple claims and policyholders. Our property catastrophe reinsurance includes a reinstatement provision which requires us to pay reinstatement premiums after a loss has occurred in order to preserve coverage. Including the

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reinstatement provision, the maximum aggregate loss recovery limit is ~~$120~~$150 million and is in addition to the per-occurrence coverage provided by our treaty coverages.

(4) Reinsurance is not applicable to any individual policy with a per-occurrence limit of $2.0 million or less.

(5) For casualty policies with a per-occurrence limit higher than $2.0 million, the ceding percentage varies such that the retention is always $2.0 million or less. For example, for a $4.0 million limit excess policy, our retention would be 50%, whereas for a $10.0 million limit excess policy, our retention would be 20%. For policies for which we also write an underlying primary limit, the retention on the primary and excess policy combined would not exceed $2.0 million.

Reinsurance contracts do not relieve us from our obligations to policyholders. Failure of the reinsurer to honor its obligation could result in losses to us, and therefore, we established an allowance for credit risk based on historical analysis of credit losses for highly rated companies in the insurance industry. In formulating our reinsurance programs, we are selective in our choice of reinsurers and we consider numerous factors, the most important of which are the financial stability of the reinsurer, its history of responding to claims and its overall reputation. In an effort to minimize our exposure to the insolvency of our reinsurers, we review the financial condition of each reinsurer annually. In addition, we continually monitor for rating downgrades involving any of our reinsurers. At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, all reinsurance contracts that our insurance subsidiary was a party to were with companies with A.M. Best ratings of ~~"A"~~"A-" (Excellent) or better. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we recorded an allowance for ~~doubtful accou~~credit losses~~nts~~ of ~~$0.4~~$0.5 million related to our reinsurance balances.

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Ratings

Kinsale Insurance Company has a financial strength rating of "A" (Excellent) with a stable outlook from A.M. Best. A.M. Best assigns ratings to insurance companies, which currently range from "A++" (Superior) to "F" (In Liquidation). "A" (Excellent) is the third highest rating issued by A.M. Best. The "A" (Excellent) rating is assigned to insurers that have, in A.M. Best's opinion, an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. This rating is intended to provide an independent opinion of an insurer's ability to meet its obligation to policyholders and is not an evaluation directed at investors.

The financial strength ratings assigned by A.M. Best have an impact on the ability of the insurance companies to attract and retain agents and brokers and on the risk profiles of the submissions for insurance that the insurance companies receive. The "A" (Excellent) rating obtained by Kinsale Insurance Company is consistent with our business plan and allows us to actively pursue relationships with the agents and brokers identified in our marketing plan.

Financial Condition

Stockholders' equity

At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, total stockholders' equity was ~~$665.6~~$815.7 million and tangible stockholders' equity was ~~$662.8~~$812.9 million, compared to total stockholders' equity of ~~$699.3~~$745.4 million and tangible stockholders' equity ~~$696.5~~$742.7 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~decreases~~increases in both total and tangible stockholders' equity over the prior year-end balances were due to ~~an increase in unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes, and payment of dividends, offset in part by~~ profits generated during the period, an increase in the fair value of our fixed-maturity investments and net activity related to stock-based compensation ~~plans.~~plans, offset in part by payment of dividends. Tangible stockholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "—Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures" for a reconciliation of stockholders' equity in accordance with GAAP to tangible stockholders' equity.

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Investment portfolio

At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our cash and invested assets of ~~$1.7~~$2.4 billion consisted of fixed-maturity securities, equity securities, cash and cash equivalents, real estate investments and short-term investments. At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the majority of the investment portfolio was comprised of fixed-maturity securities of ~~$1.5~~$2.0 billion that were classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses on these securities, net of applicable taxes, reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we also held ~~$163.6~~$171.4 million of equity securities, which were comprised of ETF securities, ~~and~~ non-redeemable preferred stock ~~$104.2~~and common stocks, $158.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, $76.5 million of real estate investments and ~~$0.8~~$26.6 million of short-term investments.

Our fixed-maturity securities, including cash equivalents, had a weighted average duration of ~~4.6~~3.4 years and ~~4.3~~3.5 years at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and an average rating of "AA-" at both March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

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At March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the amortized cost and estimated fair value on fixed-maturity securities were as follows:

March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value % of Total Fair Value Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value % of Total Fair Value
($ in thousands)
Fixed-maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 14,544 $ 13,984 1.0 % $ 6,936 $ 6,847 0.5 %
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 222,054 217,759 14.9 % 216,375 228,045 16.4 %
Corporate and other securities 557,822 529,086 36.2 % 450,594 458,487 32.9 %
Asset-backed securities 275,052 273,658 18.7 % 299,810 301,775 21.7 %
Residential mortgage-backed securities 381,691 358,035 24.5 % 340,804 337,685 24.3 %
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 70,629 68,893 4.7 % 57,000 59,227 4.2 %
Total fixed-maturity securities $ 1,521,792 $ 1,461,415 100.0 % $ 1,371,519 $ 1,392,066 100.0 %


	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value
	($ in thousands)
Fixed-maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	17,940	$	16,976	0.9	%	$	17,934	$	16,741	1.0	%
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	206,449		185,803		9.4	%	230,746		204,632		11.6	%
Corporate and other securities	1,008,098		939,031		47.6	%	909,285		832,892		47.3	%
Asset-backed securities	484,384		478,511		24.3	%	361,248		353,006		20.1	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	341,064		291,891		14.8	%	349,066		293,962		16.7	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	65,321		59,588		3.0	%	65,353		58,867		3.3	%
Total fixed-maturity securities	$	2,123,256	$	1,971,800	100.0	%	$	1,933,632	$	1,760,100	100.0	%

The table below summarizes the credit quality of our fixed-maturity securities at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, as rated by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC ("Standard & Poor's"):

March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Standard & Poor’s or Equivalent Designation Estimated Fair Value % of Total Estimated Fair Value % of Total
($ in thousands)
AAA $ 382,784 26.2 % $ 375,579 27.0 %
AA 521,211 35.7 % 523,739 37.6 %
A 276,748 18.9 % 234,547 16.9 %
BBB 209,993 14.4 % 196,740 14.1 %
Below BBB and unrated 70,679 4.8 % 61,461 4.4 %
Total $ 1,461,415 100.0 % $ 1,392,066 100.0 %

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	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
Standard & Poor’s or Equivalent Designation	Estimated Fair Value		% of Total		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)
AAA	$	582,712	29.6	%	$	452,001	25.7	%
AA	485,746		24.6	%	496,761		28.2	%
A	514,876		26.1	%	434,388		24.7	%
BBB	326,848		16.6	%	313,875		17.8	%
Below BBB and unrated	61,618		3.1	%	63,075		3.6	%
Total	$	1,971,800	100.0	%	$	1,760,100	100.0	%

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of our fixed-maturity securities summarized by contractual maturity as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, were as follows:


		March 31, 2022						December 31, 2021							March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total Fair Value
		($ in thousands)													($ in thousands)
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	7,749	$	7,766	0.5	%	$	6,742	$	6,822	0.5	%	Due in one year or less	$	55,240	$	54,255	2.8	%	$	15,133	$	14,925	0.9	%
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	258,045		251,927		17.2	%	185,273		189,497		13.6	%	Due after one year through five years	724,427		703,547		35.7	%	647,263		626,182		35.6	%
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	244,902		233,059		16.0	%	226,707		232,197		16.7	%	Due after five years through ten years	214,934		189,970		9.6	%	245,670		213,539		12.1	%
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	283,724		268,077		18.4	%	255,183		264,863		19.0	%	Due after ten years	237,886		194,038		9.8	%	249,899		199,619		11.3	%
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	275,052		273,658		18.7	%	299,810		301,775		21.7	%	Asset-backed securities	484,384		478,511		24.3	%	361,248		353,006		20.1	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	Residential mortgage-backed securities	381,691		358,035		24.5	%	340,804		337,685		24.3	%	Residential mortgage-backed securities	341,064		291,891		14.8	%	349,066		293,962		16.7	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	70,629		68,893		4.7	%	57,000		59,227		4.2	%	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	65,321		59,588		3.0	%	65,353		58,867		3.3	%
Total fixed-maturity securities	Total fixed-maturity securities	$	1,521,792	$	1,461,415	100.0	%	$	1,371,519	$	1,392,066	100.0	%	Total fixed-maturity securities	$	2,123,256	$	1,971,800	100.0	%	$	1,933,632	$	1,760,100	100.0	%

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Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

~~As of March 31, 2022, 6.9% of our total cash and investments was invested in ETFs. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our ETF balances were comprised of the following funds:~~

March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Fund Fair Value % of Total Fair Value % of Total
($ in thousands)
Domestic stock market fund $ 76,981 64.5 % $ 81,384 66.0 %
Dividend yield equity fund 42,307 35.5 % 42,005 34.0 %
Total $ 119,288 100.0 % $ 123,389 100.0 %

~~As of March 31, 2022, 2.6% of our total cash and investments was invested in non-redeemable preferred stock. A summary of these securities by industry segment is shown below as of~~ ~~March 31, 2022~~ ~~and~~ ~~December 31, 2021~~:

March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Industry Fair Value % of Total Fair Value % of Total
($ in thousands)
Financial $ 40,568 91.6 % $ 45,331 92.1 %
Utilities 2,882 6.5 % 2,993 6.1 %
Industrials and other 836 1.9 % 898 1.8 %
Total $ 44,286 100.0 % $ 49,222 100.0 %

Restricted investments

In order to conduct business in certain states, we are required to maintain letters of credit or assets on deposit to support state-mandated insurance regulatory requirements and to comply with certain third-party agreements. Assets held on deposit or in trust accounts are primarily in the form of high-grade securities. The fair value of our restricted assets was ~~$6.5~~$5.9 million ~~and $6.7 million~~ at both March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively.~~2022.

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Reconciliation of underwriting income

Underwriting income is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful in evaluating our underwriting performance without regard to investment income. Underwriting income is defined as net income excluding net investment income, the net change in the fair value of equity securities, net realized investment gains and losses, change in allowance for credit losses on investments, interest expense, other expenses, other income ~~other expenses~~ and income tax expense. ~~The Company uses~~We use underwriting income as an internal performance measure in the management of ~~its~~our operations because ~~the Company believes~~we believe it gives ~~management~~us and users of ~~the Company's~~our financial information useful insight into ~~the Company's~~our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Underwriting income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define underwriting income differently.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, reconciles to underwriting income as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	($ in thousands)		2022		2021		($ in thousands)		2023		2022

Net income	Net income		$	31,791	$	32,079	Net income		$	55,800	$	31,791
Income tax expense	Income tax expense		7,081		7,360		Income tax expense		12,593		7,081
Income before income taxes	Income before income taxes		38,872		39,439		Income before income taxes		68,393		38,872
Other expenses (1)			396		448
Net investment income	Net investment income		(9,088)		(6,942)		Net investment income		(20,695)		(9,088)
Change in the fair value of equity securities	Change in the fair value of equity securities		7,751		(7,091)		Change in the fair value of equity securities		(3,518)		7,751
Net realized investment gains			(295)		(1,198)
Net realized investment losses (gains)							Net realized investment losses (gains)		4,652		(295)
Change in allowance for credit losses on investments							Change in allowance for credit losses on investments		81		—
Interest expense							Interest expense		2,570		253
Other expenses (1)							Other expenses (1)		402		143
Other income	Other income		(124)		(11)		Other income		(306)		(124)
Underwriting income	Underwriting income		$	37,512	$	24,645	Underwriting income		$	51,579	$	37,512

(1) Other expenses are comprised of ~~interest expense on the Company's Credit Facility and~~ corporate expenses not allocated to our insurance operations.

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Reconciliation of net operating earnings

Net operating earnings is defined as net income excluding the effects of the net change in the fair value of equity securities, after taxes, ~~and~~ net realized investment gains and losses, after taxes, and the change in allowance for credit losses on investments, after taxes. ~~Management believes~~We believe the exclusion of these items provides a ~~more~~ useful comparison of ~~the Company's~~our underlying business performance from period to period. Net operating earnings and percentages or calculations using net operating earnings (e.g., diluted operating earnings per share and annualized operating return on equity) are non-GAAP financial measures. Net operating earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define net operating earnings differently.

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Net income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, reconciles to net operating earnings as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,								Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	($ in thousands)		2022			2021			($ in thousands)		2023			2022

Net income	Net income		$	31,791		$	32,079		Net income		$	55,800		$	31,791
Adjustments:	Adjustments:								Adjustments:
Change in the fair value of equity securities, before taxes	Change in the fair value of equity securities, before taxes		7,751			(7,091)			Change in the fair value of equity securities, before taxes		(3,518)			7,751
Income tax expense (1)			(1,628)			1,489
Income tax (benefit) expense (1)									Income tax (benefit) expense (1)		739			(1,628)
Change in the fair value of equity securities, after taxes	Change in the fair value of equity securities, after taxes		6,123			(5,602)			Change in the fair value of equity securities, after taxes		(2,779)			6,123

Net realized investment gains, before taxes			(295)			(1,198)
Income tax expense (1)			62			252
Net realized investment gains, after taxes			(233)			(946)
Net realized investment losses (gains), before taxes									Net realized investment losses (gains), before taxes		4,652			(295)
Income tax (benefit) expense (1)									Income tax (benefit) expense (1)		(977)			62
Net realized investment losses (gains), after taxes									Net realized investment losses (gains), after taxes		3,675			(233)

Change in allowance for credit losses on investments, before taxes									Change in allowance for credit losses on investments, before taxes		81			—
Income tax benefit (1)									Income tax benefit (1)		(17)			—
Change in allowance for credit losses on investments, after taxes									Change in allowance for credit losses on investments, after taxes		64			—
Net operating earnings	Net operating earnings		$	37,681		$	25,531		Net operating earnings		$	56,760		$	37,681

Operating return on equity:	Operating return on equity:								Operating return on equity:
Average stockholders' equity (2)	Average stockholders' equity (2)		$	682,453		$	581,902		Average stockholders' equity (2)		$	780,590		$	682,453
Annualized return on equity (3)	Annualized return on equity (3)		18.6		%	22.1		%	Annualized return on equity (3)		28.6		%	18.6		%
Annualized operating return on equity (4)	Annualized operating return on equity (4)		22.1		%	17.6		%	Annualized operating return on equity (4)		29.1		%	22.1		%

(1) Income taxes on adjustments to reconcile net income to net operating earnings use an effective tax rate of 21%.

(2) Computed by adding the total stockholders' equity as of the date indicated to the prior quarter-end or year-end total, as applicable, and dividing by two.

(3) Annualized return on equity is net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period.

(4) Annualized operating return on equity is net operating earnings expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period.

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Reconciliation of tangible stockholders' equity

Tangible stockholders’ equity is defined as total stockholders’ equity less intangible assets, net of deferred taxes. Our definition of tangible stockholders’ equity may not be comparable to that of other companies, and it should not be viewed as a substitute for stockholders’ equity calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use tangible stockholders' equity internally to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure.

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Stockholders' equity at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, reconciles to tangible stockholders' equity as follows:


($ in thousands)	($ in thousands)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		($ in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Stockholders' equity	Stockholders' equity	$	665,570	$	699,335	Stockholders' equity	$	815,731	$	745,449
Less: intangible assets, net of deferred taxes	Less: intangible assets, net of deferred taxes	2,795		2,795		Less: intangible assets, net of deferred taxes	2,795		2,795
Tangible stockholders' equity	Tangible stockholders' equity	$	662,775	$	696,540	Tangible stockholders' equity	$	812,936	$	742,654

Critical Accounting Estimates

We identified the accounting estimates which are critical to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those estimates that are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require us to exercise significant judgment. We use significant judgment concerning future results and developments in applying these critical accounting estimates and in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements. These judgments and estimates affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of our material contingent assets and liabilities, if any. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our estimates regularly using information that we believe to be relevant. Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in our annual consolidated financial statements and the related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Our primary market risks have been equity price risk associated with investments in equity securities and interest rate risk associated with investments in fixed maturities. We do not have any material exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity risk.

There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure.

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As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

The effectiveness of any system of controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, and, as a result, there can be no assurance that our controls and procedures will detect all errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system will be attained.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are party to legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the outcome of such matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial position.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K

for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit Number						Description
3.1						Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2018)
3.2						Amended and Restated By-Laws of Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2018)
10.1						Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2022, among Kinsale Capital Group, Inc., PGIM, Inc. and the purchasers of the Notes named in the Purchaser Schedule attached thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 22, 2022).
10.2						Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2022, among Kinsale Capital Group, Inc., as borrower, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and as issuing bank, Truist Bank, as syndication agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 22, 2022).
31.1						Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2						Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS **						XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

** The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		KINSALE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
Date: April ~~28, 2022~~27, 2023	By:	/s/ Michael P. Kehoe
		Michael P. Kehoe President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: April ~~28, 2022~~27, 2023	By:	/s/ Bryan P. Petrucelli
		Bryan P. Petrucelli Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

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	March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Fund	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)
Domestic stock market fund	$	76,981	64.5	%	$	81,384	66.0	%
Dividend yield equity fund	42,307		35.5	%	42,005		34.0	%


Total	$	119,288	100.0	%	$	123,389	100.0	%


	March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Industry	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
	($ in thousands)
Financial	$	40,568	91.6	%	$	45,331	92.1	%
Utilities	2,882		6.5	%	2,993		6.1	%
Industrials and other	836		1.9	%	898		1.8	%
Total	$	44,286	100.0	%	$	49,222	100.0	%