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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

		~~Page~~
~~PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION~~
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
~~For the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016~~	3

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
~~As of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017~~	4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit		5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
~~For the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016~~	57

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		68

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		2534

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK		4354

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		4354

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS		4455

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS		4455

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS		4456

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS		4558

SIGNATURE		59

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Valvoline Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Three months ended December 31
(In millions except per share data - unaudited) 2017 2016
Sales $ 545
$ 489
Cost of sales 350
304
Gross profit 195
185

Selling, general and administrative expenses 114
95
Separation costs 2
6
Equity and other income (9 ) (10 )
Operating income 88
94
Net pension and other postretirement plan non-service income and remeasurement adjustments (10 ) (26 )
Net interest and other financing expense 14
10
Income before income taxes 84
110
Income tax expense 94
38
Net (loss) income $ (10 ) $ 72

NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE
             Basic $ (0.05 ) $ 0.35
             Diluted $ (0.05 ) $ 0.35

WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
             Basic 202
205
             Diluted 202
205

DIVIDENDS PAID PER COMMON SHARE $ 0.07
$ 0.05

COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Net (loss) income $ (10 ) $ 72
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized translation gain (loss) 1
(9 )
Pension and other postretirement obligation adjustment (2 ) (2 )
Other comprehensive loss (1 ) (11 )
Comprehensive (loss) income $ (11 ) $ 61


	Three months ended March 31						Six months ended March 31
(In millions, except per share data - unaudited)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Sales	$	578	$	591	$	1,185	$	1,148
Cost of sales	371		388		767		762
Gross profit	207		203		418		386

Selling, general and administrative expenses	96		113		213		218
Net legacy and separation-related expenses (income)	—		3		(1)		3
Equity and other income, net	(6)		(9)		(15)		(18)
Operating income	117		96		221		183
Net pension and other postretirement plan income	(9)		(3)		(18)		(5)
Net interest and other financing expenses	38		19		54		36

Income before income taxes	88		80		185		152
Income tax expense	25		17		49		36
Net income	$	63	$	63	$	136	$	116

NET EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic	$	0.33	$	0.33	$	0.72	$	0.61
Diluted	$	0.33	$	0.33	$	0.72	$	0.61

WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic	188		189		188		189
Diluted	188		189		189		189

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net income	$	63	$	63	$	136	$	116
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Currency translation adjustments	(21)		2		(13)		(2)
Amortization of pension and other postretirement plan prior service credit	(2)		(2)		(4)		(4)
Other comprehensive loss	(23)		—		(17)		(6)
Comprehensive income	$	40	$	63	$	119	$	110

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Valvoline Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


(In millions except per share amounts - unaudited)	December 31 2017			September 30 2017
(In millions, except per share amounts - unaudited)							(In millions, except per share amounts - unaudited)	March 31 2020		September 30 2019
Assets							Assets
Current assets							Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	115		$	201		Cash and cash equivalents	$	774	$	159
Accounts receivable, net	418			385			Accounts receivable, net	352		401
Inventories, net	170			175			Inventories, net	209		194
Other current assets	32			29
Prepaid expenses and other current assets							Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49		43
Total current assets	735			790			Total current assets	1,384		797
Noncurrent assets							Noncurrent assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	384			391			Property, plant and equipment, net	509		498
Operating lease assets							Operating lease assets	254		—
Goodwill and intangibles, net	393			335			Goodwill and intangibles, net	503		504
Equity method investments	33			30			Equity method investments	37		34
Deferred income taxes	196			281			Deferred income taxes	99		123
Other noncurrent assets	86			88			Other noncurrent assets	131		108
Total noncurrent assets	1,092			1,125			Total noncurrent assets	1,533		1,267
Total assets	$	1,827		$	1,915		Total assets	$	2,917	$	2,064

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit							Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities							Current liabilities
Short-term debt	$	—		$	75

Current portion of long-term debt	19			15			Current portion of long-term debt	$	—	$	15
Trade and other payables	141			192			Trade and other payables	186		171
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	208			196			Accrued expenses and other liabilities	215		237
Total current liabilities	368			478			Total current liabilities	401		423
Noncurrent liabilities							Noncurrent liabilities
Long-term debt	1,147			1,034			Long-term debt	2,003		1,327
Employee benefit obligations	331			342			Employee benefit obligations	361		387

Operating lease liabilities							Operating lease liabilities	226		—
Other noncurrent liabilities	175			178			Other noncurrent liabilities	163		185
Total noncurrent liabilities	1,653			1,554			Total noncurrent liabilities	2,753		1,899
Commitments and contingencies							Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ deficit							Stockholders’ deficit
Preferred stock, no par value, 40 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 400 shares authorized; 201 and 203 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017	2			2
Preferred stock, no par value, 40 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding							Preferred stock, no par value, 40 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 400 shares authorized; 185 and 188 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively							Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 400 shares authorized; 185 and 188 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively	2		2
Paid-in capital	—			5			Paid-in capital	16		13
Retained deficit	(238		)	(167		)	Retained deficit	(249)		(284)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	42			43

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income							Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(6)		11
Total stockholders’ deficit	(194		)	(117		)	Total stockholders’ deficit	(237)		(258)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	1,827		$	1,915		Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	2,917	$	2,064

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Valvoline Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit



	Six months ended March 31, 2020
								Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(In millions, except per share amounts)	Common stock					Paid-in capital				Retained deficit
(Unaudited)	Shares	Amount											Totals
Balance at September 30, 2019	188	$	2	$	13	$	(284)	$	11		$	(258)
Net income	—	—		—		73		—			73
Dividends paid, $0.113 per common share	—	—		—		(21)		—			(21)
Stock-based compensation, net of issuances	—	—		3		—		—			3


Cumulative effect of adoption of new leasing standard, net of tax	—	—		—		1		—			1
Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		8			8
Amortization of pension and other postretirement prior service credits in income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(2)			(2)
Balance at December 31, 2019	188	$	2	$	16	$	(231)	$	17		$	(196)
Net income	—	—		—		63		—			63
Dividends paid, $0.113 per common share	—	—		—		(21)		—			(21)

Repurchase of common stock	(3)	—		—		(60)		—			(60)


Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(21)			(21)
Amortization of pension and other postretirement prior service credits in income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(2)			(2)
Balance at March 31, 2020	185	$	2	$	16	$	(249)	$	(6)		$	(237)


	Six months ended March 31, 2019
								Accumulated other comprehensive income
(In millions, except per share amounts)	Common stock					Paid-in capital				Retained deficit
(Unaudited)	Shares	Amount											Totals
Balance at September 30, 2018	188	$	2	$	7	$	(399)	$	32		$	(358)
Net income	—	—		—		53		—			53
Dividends paid, $0.106 per common share	—	—		—		(20)		—			(20)
Stock-based compensation, net of issuances	—	—		1		—		—			1
Cumulative effect of adoption of new revenue standard, net of tax	—	—		—		(13)		—			(13)
Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(4)			(4)
Amortization of pension and other postretirement prior service credits in income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(2)			(2)
Balance at December 31, 2018	188	$	2	$	8	$	(379)	$	26		$	(343)
Net income	—	—		—		63		—			63
Dividends paid, $0.106 per common share	—	—		—		(20)		—			(20)
Stock-based compensation, net of issuances	—	—		2		—		—			2

Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		2			2
Amortization of pension and other postretirement prior service credits in income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(2)			(2)
Balance at March 31, 2019	188	$	2	$	10	$	(336)	$	26		$	(298)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Valvoline Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows


	Six months ended March 31
(In millions - unaudited)	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	136	$	116
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities
Loss on extinguishment of debt	19		—
Depreciation and amortization	31		28


Equity income from unconsolidated affiliates, net of distributions	(1)		(2)


Pension contributions	(5)		(2)

Stock-based compensation expense	3		5
Other, net	3		1
Change in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	44		7
Inventories	(20)		(4)
Payables and accrued liabilities	(40)		(13)
Other assets and liabilities	(16)		(2)
Total cash provided by operating activities	154		134
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment	(57)		(48)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(11)		(35)


Other investing activities, net	(3)		(2)
Total cash used in investing activities	(71)		(85)
Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs	1,132		162
Repayments on borrowings	(475)		(137)
Premium paid to extinguish debt	(15)		—
Repurchases of common stock	(60)		—

Cash dividends paid	(42)		(40)
Other financing activities	(3)		(5)
Total cash provided by (used in) financing activities	537		(20)
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(4)		—
Increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	616		29
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of period	159		96
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period	$	775	$	125

Three months ended
December 31
(In millions - unaudited) 2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss) income $ (10 ) $ 72
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities
Depreciation and amortization 11
9
Debt issuance cost and discount amortization 1
1
Deferred income taxes 85
—
Equity income from affiliates (5 ) (4 )
Distributions from equity affiliates 3
—
Pension contributions (3 ) (3 )
Gain on pension and other postretirement plan remeasurements —
(8 )
Stock-based compensation expense 4
1
Change in assets and liabilities ^(a)

Accounts receivable (34 ) 10
Inventories 7
(2 )
Payables and accrued liabilities (40 ) 23
Other assets and liabilities 1
(11 )
Total cash provided by operating activities 20
88
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment (14 ) (9 )
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (60 ) —
Other investing activities, net —
(1 )
Total cash used in investing activities (74 ) (10 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Net transfers to Ashland —
(2 )
Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs 44
75
Repayments on borrowings (4 ) (79 )
Repurchase of common stock (37 ) —
Purchase of additional ownership in subsidiary (15 ) —
Cash dividends paid (15 ) (10 )
Other financing activities (4 ) —
Total cash used in financing activities (31 ) (16 )
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (1 ) 2
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (86 ) 64
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period 201
172
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period $ 115
$ 236

~~(a) Excludes changes resulting from operations acquired or sold.~~

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Valvoline Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Valvoline Inc. (“Valvoline” or the “Company”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations for interim financial reporting, which do not include all information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Valvoline’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2017.~~ 2019. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may vary from these estimates. In the opinion of management, ~~all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included herein, and~~ the assumptions underlying the condensed consolidated financial statements for these interim periods are ~~reasonable.~~reasonable, and all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been made and are of a normal recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed herein. The results for ~~the~~ interim periods are not necessarily indicative of ~~results~~those to be expected for the entire ~~year.~~year, particularly in light of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") global pandemic and its effects on global economies.

In late December 2019, COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China and since that time it has continued to spread globally, including to the United States, leading the World Health Organization to declare a global pandemic and recommend containment and mitigation actions worldwide in March 2020. Since March 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has continued, and various governments have issued or extended shelter-in-place orders. As of the date of this filing, certain restrictions are in the early phases of being reduced with the resulting impacts being monitored. Valvoline has substantially maintained its operations during the pandemic, and precautionary measures have been taken to protect the Company's employees and customers, maintain liquidity and manage the impacts of reduced volumes.

While the COVID-19 pandemic affected Valvoline's results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, the impacts were not material. Adverse impacts from COVID-19 are expected in future periods, which Valvoline is unable to predict due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic.

Recent accounting pronouncements

A description of new U.S. GAAP accounting standards issued and adopted during the current year is required in interim financial reporting. A detailed listing of recent accounting standards relevant to Valvoline is included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. The following standards relevant to Valvoline were either issued or adopted in the current ~~period,~~year, or are expected to have a meaningful impact on Valvoline in future periods.

Recently adopted

In ~~the first fiscal quarter of 2018, Valvoline adopted the following:~~

~~In July 2015,~~February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ~~(“FASB”~~("FASB") issued accounting guidance, which outlined a comprehensive lease accounting model that requires lessees to ~~simplify~~recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the subsequent measurement of certain inventories by replacing the current lower of cost or market test with a lower of cost or net realizable value test. The guidance applies only to inventories for which cost is determined by methods other than last-in, first out (“LIFO”)balance sheet and ~~retail inventory methods.~~superseded previous lease accounting guidance. Valvoline adopted this guidance prospectively on October 1, 2017. Valvoline utilizes LIFO to value approximately 70% of its gross inventory and there were no material differences in the Company's previous valuation methodology for its remaining inventory using lower of cost or market to lower of cost or net realizable value.

~~In March 2017, the FASB issued~~new lease accounting guidance that changed how employers who sponsor defined benefit pension and/or postretirement benefit plans present the net periodic benefit cost in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. This guidance requires employers to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same caption as other employee compensation costs from services rendered during the period. All other components of the net periodic benefit cost are presented separately outside of the operating income caption. Valvoline retrospectively adopted this guidance on October 1, ~~2017. Accordingly,~~ ~~Net pension and other postretirement plan non-service income and remeasurement adjustments~~2019 using the optional transition approach. Under this approach, the new lease accounting guidance has been applied prospectively from the date of adoption, while prior period financial statements continue to be reported in accordance with the previous guidance. Lease expense is recognized similar to prior accounting guidance with operating leases resulting in straight-line expense and finance leases resulting in accelerated expense recognition similar to the prior accounting for capital leases. The accounting for lessor arrangements is not significantly changed by the new guidance.

Valvoline elected certain practical expedients permitted by the new guidance, including the package of practical expedients that allows for previous accounting conclusions regarding lease identification and classification to be carried forward for leases which commenced prior to adoption, as well as the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components and account for them as a single lease component. The Company did not elect the hindsight or short-term lease practical expedients.

As a result of adoption, the Company recognized operating lease assets and liabilities inclusive of a reclassified build-to-suit arrangement, derecognized assets and liabilities related to ~~non-operating income for all periods presented within~~the build-to-suit arrangement, and carried forward existing capital leases as finance lease assets and liabilities. This resulted in a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and the recognition of total incremental lease assets, inclusive of prepaid lease balances and deferred rent liabilities, of $219 million and incremental lease liabilities of $214 million, with an immaterial cumulative effect adjustment to reduce Retained deficit as a result of the build-to-suit lease transition requirements. The impact of adoption was not material to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, ~~which reduced previously reported operating income by $26 million~~Cash Flows, or Stockholders’ Deficit, and did not impact the Company's compliance with any of its existing debt covenants. Refer to Note 2 for ~~the three months ended December 31, 2016.~~

additional information regarding Valvoline's adoption of this new guidance.

Issued but not yet adopted

In ~~May 2014,~~June 2016, the FASB issued ~~accounting~~updated guidance ~~outlining~~that introduces a ~~single comprehensive model for~~forward-looking approach based on expected losses, rather than incurred losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments including trade and other receivables. The new guidance will require entities to ~~use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers, which supersedes most~~incorporate historical, current, ~~revenue recognition guidance.~~and forecasted information into their estimates of expected credit losses. This guidance ~~introduces a five-step model~~also includes expanded disclosure requirements and will become effective for ~~revenue recognition that focuses~~Valvoline on ~~transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards under current guidance.~~October 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting ~~the~~this new ~~revenue~~accounting guidance, onincluding changes to its

~~financial statements~~ related processes, and does not currently expect itadoption will have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet or Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. The impact of adoption will be largely dependent on the credit quality of the Company's receivables outstanding at adoption. The Company evaluates creditworthiness when negotiating contracts, and as the Company's receivables are generally short-term in nature, the timing and amount of credit loss recognized under existing guidance and the new guidance is not expected to differ materially.

The FASB issued other accounting guidance during the period that is not currently applicable or expected to have a material ~~effect~~impact on Valvoline’s condensed consolidated financial statements, and therefore, is not described above.

NOTE 2 - LEASING

As described in Note 1, Valvoline adopted new lease accounting guidance effective October 1, 2019 and changed its policy for lease accounting prospectively for lease agreements entered into or reassessed from the date of adoption as described herein.

Lessee arrangements

Certain of the properties Valvoline utilizes, including quick-lube service center stores, offices, blending and warehouse facilities, in addition to ~~net earnings. Based~~certain equipment, are leased. Valvoline determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception primarily based on whether or not the Company has the right to control the asset during the contract period. For all agreements where it is determined that a lease exists, including those with an ~~evaluation~~initial term of ~~current contracts~~12 months or less, the related lease assets and ~~revenue streams to-date, Valvoline believes~~liabilities are recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as either operating or finance leases at the commencement date. The lease liability is measured at the present value of future lease payments over the lease term, and the right-of-use asset is measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for prepaid lease payments, lease incentives and the lessee’s initial direct costs (e.g., commissions). The lease term includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that ~~most revenue transactions recorded under~~ the ~~new guidance~~option will be ~~substantially consistent with treatment under existing guidance, with certain reclassifications expected within~~exercised.

Fixed payments, including variable payments based on a rate or index, are included in the determination of the lease liability, while other variable payments are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive ~~Earnings~~Income in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Many leases contain lease components requiring rental payments and ~~certain minimal changes~~other components that require payment for taxes, insurance, operating expenses and maintenance. In instances where these other components are fixed, they are included in the measurement of the lease liability due to Valvoline's election to combine lease and non-lease components. Otherwise, these other components are expensed as incurred and comprise the majority of Valvoline's variable lease costs.

As most leases do not provide the rate implicit in the lease, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate to best approximate the rate of interest that Valvoline would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the ~~timing~~lease payments in a similar economic environment. Valvoline applies the incremental borrowing rate to groups of leases with similar lease terms in determining the ~~recognition~~present value of ~~revenues. The Company's revenue transactions generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods~~future payments. In determining the incremental borrowing rate, the Company considers information available at commencement date, including lease term, interest rate yields for specific interest rate environments and ~~are not accounted for under industry-specific guidance. The Company anticipates expanded footnote disclosures under the new guidance.~~

~~Management will continue to complete its assessment of revenue streams and implementation plans, including monitoring developments, and plans to substantially complete~~ the Company's ~~implementation assessment~~credit spread.

The following table presents the Company's lease balances:

(In millions)

Location in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

March 31, 2020

Assets

Operating lease assets

254

Finance lease assets

Property, plant and equipment, net

Amortization of finance lease assets

Property, plant and equipment, net

(8)

Total leased assets

293

Liabilities

Current:

Operating lease liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Finance lease liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Noncurrent:

Operating lease liabilities

226

Finance lease liabilities

Other noncurrent liabilities

Total lease liabilities

299

The following table presents the components of total lease costs:


(In millions)	Location in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	Three months ended March 31, 2020		Six months ended March 31, 2020
Operating lease cost	Cost of sales and Selling, general and administrative expenses^(a)	$	11	$	22
Finance lease costs
Amortization of lease assets	Cost of sales^(a)	1		1
Interest on lease liabilities	Net interest and other financing expenses	1		2
Variable lease cost	Cost of sales and Selling, general and administrative expenses ^(a)	1		2

Sublease income	Equity and other income, net	(2)		(3)
Total lease cost		$	12	$	24

(a) Supply chain and retail-related amounts are included in ~~early 2018 and finalize conclusions by the fourth quarter~~Cost of ~~fiscal 2018. Valvoline will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and will provide updated disclosures of the anticipated impacts of adoption in future filings.~~sales.

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance~~Other information related to ~~lease transactions. The primary objective of this guidance is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring lessees to recognize~~the Company's leases follows:


(In millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2020		Six months ended March 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases^(a)	$	11	$	21
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	1	$	2
Financing cash flow from finance leases	$	—	$	—
Lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	13	$	28
Finance leases	$	18	$	18

(a) Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities onwithin the ~~balance sheet~~Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows offset by noncash operating lease asset amortization and liability accretion.

The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the ~~rights~~next five fiscal years ended September 30 and ~~obligations created by leases~~thereafter to the operating and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The Company expects to adopt the new guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 using the modified retrospective method. While adoption is expected to lead to a material increase in the assets andfinance lease liabilities recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet ~~and an increase in footnote disclosures~~as of March 31, 2020:


(In millions)	Operating leases		Finance leases
Remainder of 2020	$	21	$	3
2021	39		6
2022	36		5
2023	33		5
2024	30		6
Thereafter	157		45
Total future lease payments	316		70
Imputed interest	60		27
Present value of lease liabilities	$	256	$	43

As of March 31, 2020, Valvoline has additional leases primarily related to ~~leases, the Company is~~its quick lube service center stores that have not yet commenced with approximately $44 million in undiscounted future lease payments that are not included in the ~~process~~table above. These leases are expected to commence over the next twelve months and generally have lease terms of ~~developing assessment~~ 15 years.

In accordance with the previous lease accounting guidance, Valvoline's lease arrangements were previously classified as either capital, operating, or financing obligations. Previously classified capital leases are now considered finance leases under the new lease accounting guidance, while previous financing obligations have been derecognized and ~~implementation plans~~reclassified as operating leases. The classification of operating leases remains substantially unchanged under the new lease accounting guidance.

The future minimum lease payments by fiscal year as determined prior to ~~determine~~ the ~~specific impacts, including those on~~adoption of the ~~Condensed Consolidated Statements~~new lease accounting guidance under the previously designated capital, financing and operating leases as of ~~Comprehensive Earnings.~~the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, were as follows:


(In millions)	Operating leases		Capital leases and financing obligations
2020	$	36	$	6
2021	32		7
2022	29		7
2023	27		7
2024	23		7
Thereafter	120		50
Total future lease payments ^(a)	$	267	84
Imputed interest			29
Present value of lease liabilities			$	55

(a) Future lease payments do not include fixed payments for executory costs, such as taxes, insurance, maintenance and operating expenses.

The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and interest rate as of March 31, 2020:


Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases	9.8
Finance leases	12.6
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	4.14	%
Finance leases	9.03	%

Lessor arrangements

Valvoline is the lessor in arrangements to sublease and lease certain properties and equipment. Activity associated with these leases is not material.

NOTE 23 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table sets forth ~~by level within~~ the ~~fair value hierarchy, the Company's~~Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring ~~basis:~~

December 31, 2017 September 30, 2017
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
(In millions) Fair Value Level 1 Fair Value Level 1
Assets
Cash equivalents ^(a)
$ 24
$ 24
$ 46
$ 46
Foreign currency derivatives ^(b)
1
1
1
1
Non-qualified trust funds ^(c)
30
30
30
30
Total assets at fair value $ 55
$ 55
$ 77
$ 77

Liabilities
Foreign currency derivatives ^(d)
$ 1
$ 1
$ 1
$ 1
Total liabilities at fair value $ 1
$ 1
$ 1
$ 1

~~(a) Included in~~ ~~Cash and cash equivalents~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~


~~(b)~~	~~Included in~~ ~~Other current assets~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~


~~(c)~~	~~As of December 31, 2017, $2 million of this balance is included in~~ ~~Other current assets, with the remainder included in~~ ~~Other noncurrent assets~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2017, this balance is included in~~ ~~Other noncurrent assets~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~


~~(d)~~	~~Included in~~ ~~Accrued expense and other liabilities~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~

~~There were no Level 2 or 3 financial assets or liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring~~ basis ~~as of December 31, 2017 or September 30, 2017. Additionally, there were no transfers between levels of~~by level within the fair value ~~hierarchy during the three months ending December 31, 2017 or 2016.~~hierarchy:


(In millions)	Fair Value Hierarchy	March 31 2020		September 30 2019
Cash and cash equivalents
Money market funds	Level 1	$	293	$	—
Time deposits	Level 2	201		59
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Currency derivatives ^(a)	Level 2	3		—

Other noncurrent assets
Non-qualified trust funds	Level 1	18		20
Total assets at fair value		$	515	$	79

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Currency derivatives ^(a)	Level 2	$	3	$	—
Total liabilities at fair value		$	3	$	—

~~Cash equivalents~~

A portion of the Company's excess cash is held in highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents generate interest income and are measured at fair value using prevailing market rates.

~~Derivatives~~

The Company uses derivatives not designated as hedging instruments consisting primarily of forward contracts to hedge foreign currency denominated balance sheet exposures and exchange one foreign currency for another for a fixed rate at a future date of twelve months or less. Gains and losses recognized for changes in the fair value of these instruments were not material during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and are included in ~~Selling, general and administrative expense~~ in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income to offset the gain or loss on the hedged item in the same period as the remeasurement losses and gains of the related foreign currency-denominated exposures.(a) The Company had outstanding contracts with ~~highly-rated financial institutions with~~ notional values of ~~$43~~$121 million and ~~$47~~$111 million as of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 and September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, respectively.

~~Non-qualified trust funds~~

The Company maintains a non-qualified trust to fund benefit payments for certain of its U.S. non-qualified pension plans, which primarily consists of highly liquid fixed income U.S. government bonds. GainsThere were no material gains or losses recognized in earnings during the three and ~~losses~~six months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019 related to these ~~investments are immediately recognized within~~ ~~Selling, general~~assets and ~~administrative expense~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.~~liabilities.

Long-term debt

The ~~Company's~~fair values of the Company’s outstanding fixed rate senior notes consist of 5.500% senior unsecured notes due 2024 with an aggregate principal amount of $375 million issued in July 2016 (the “2024 Notes”) and 4.375% senior unsecured notes due 2025 with an aggregate principal amount of $400 million issued in August 2017 (the “2025 Notes” and together with the 2024 Notes, “Senior Notes”).

~~The fair values~~ shown in the table below are based on recent trading values, which are considered Level 2 inputs within the prices at which the bonds have recently traded in the market as well as the overall market conditions on the date of valuation, stated coupon rates, the number of coupon payments each year and the maturity dates.fair value hierarchy. Long-term debt is included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at carrying value, rather than fair value, and is therefore excluded from the fair value table above. Carrying values shown in the following table are net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs.


	December 31, 2017						September 30, 2017							March 31, 2020										September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Fair value		Carrying value		Unamortized discount and issuance costs		Fair value		Carrying value		Unamortized discount and issuance costs		(In millions)	Fair value		Carrying value		Unamortized discount and issuance costs		Fair value		Carrying value		Unamortized discount and issuance costs
2024 Notes	$	399	$	370	$	5	$	401	$	370	$	5	2024 Notes	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	390	$	371	$	(4)
2025 Notes	404		395		5		408		394		6		2025 Notes	384		396		(4)		407		395		(5)
2030 Notes													2030 Notes	560		592		(8)		—		—		—
Total	$	803	$	765	$	10	$	809	$	764	$	11	Total	$	944	$	988	$	(12)	$	797	$	766	$	(9)

Refer to Note 7 for more information on ~~the Senior Notes and Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s other debt instruments that have variable interest rates, and accordingly, their carrying amounts approximate fair value.

NOTE 34 - ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

~~Henley Bluewater acquisition~~Quick Lubes store acquisitions

~~On October 2, 2017,~~During the six months ended March 31, 2020, the Company ~~completed the acquisition of 56 Quick Lubes~~acquired 14 service center stores in single and multi-store transactions, including 6 former franchise service ~~centers from Henley Bluewater LLC~~center stores, for ~~$60~~a total of $11 million. ~~These~~During the six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company acquired 40 service center stores ~~build on~~for a total of $35 million.

The Company’s acquisitions are accounted for such that the ~~infrastructure~~assets acquired and ~~talent base~~liabilities assumed are recognized at their acquisition date fair values, with any excess of the ~~existing Company-owned operations in northern Ohio and adds Company-owned locations in Michigan.~~

~~Prior to~~consideration transferred over the ~~acquisition, Valvoline licensed the right to operate quick lube service centers, including use~~estimated fair values of the ~~Company's trademarks and trade name, to the franchisee whose~~identifiable net assets were acquired. In connection with the acquisition, Valvoline reacquired those rights and recognized a separate definite-lived intangible asset which was assigned a preliminary fair value of $22 million that will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average remaining term of approximately eight years. The effective settlement of these arrangements resulted in no settlement gain or lossacquired recorded as ~~the contractual terms were at market.~~

~~The acquisition resulted in $36 million of goodwill and the remainder of the purchase price was allocated to working capital and property, plant and equipment.~~goodwill. Goodwill is ~~primarily attributed to the potential growth of the business in the northern Ohio and Michigan markets, has been allocated to the Company's Quick Lubes reportable segment, and is~~generally expected to be deductible for income tax ~~purposes.~~purposes and is primarily attributed to the operational synergies and potential growth expected to result in economic benefits in the respective markets of the acquisitions.

~~Remaining ownership interest in subsidiary~~A summary follows of the aggregate cash consideration paid and the total assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the six months ended March 31:


(In millions)	2020		2019

Property, plant and equipment	$	1	$	2
Goodwill	5		24
Intangible assets^(a)
Reacquired franchise rights	5		4
Customer relationships	—		3
Trademarks and trade names	—		1

Other	—		1
Net assets acquired	$	11	$	35

~~Valvoline historically owned~~(a) Intangible assets acquired during the six months ended March 31, 2020 have a ~~70% controlling interest~~weighted average amortization period of 9 years.

The fair values above are preliminary for up to one year from the date of acquisition as they are subject to measurement period adjustments as new information is obtained about facts and ~~consolidated~~circumstances that existed as of the ~~financial~~acquisition date. The Company does not currently expect any material changes to the preliminary purchase price allocations for acquisitions completed during the last twelve months.

The incremental results of ~~its subsidiary in Thailand. In December 2017, Valvoline purchased the remaining 30% interest for total consideration of approximately $16 million, making it a wholly-owned subsidiary~~operations of the ~~Company. This interest was~~acquired stores, which were not material to the ~~current or prior period~~Company’s consolidated results, have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements ~~for presentation~~from the date of each acquisition, and accordingly, pro forma disclosure ~~as a noncontrolling interest, which was eliminated as a result~~ of ~~this purchase through a net charge to~~ ~~Paid-in capital~~ ~~and~~ ~~Retained deficit~~.financial information has not been presented.

~~NOTE 4 - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE~~

~~The following summarizes Valvoline’s accounts receivable:~~

(In millions) December 31
2017 September 30
2017
Trade and other accounts receivable $ 424
$ 390
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (6 ) (5 )
$ 418
$ 385
Dispositions

Prior to May 2017 when Valvoline's former parent company, Ashland Global Holdings Inc. (which together with its predecessors and consolidated subsidiaries is referred to as “Ashland”), distributed its net investment in Valvoline (the “Distribution”), Ashland was party to an agreement to sell certain Valvoline customer accounts receivable inDuring the ~~form of drafts or bills of exchange~~six months ended March 31, 2020, the Company sold 6 service center stores to a ~~financial institution. Each draft constituted an order to pay for obligations~~franchisee within the Quick Lubes reportable segment. Valvoline received proceeds of the customer to Ashland arising from the sale of goods to the customer. The intention of the arrangement was to decrease the time accounts receivable was outstanding and increase cash flows as Ashland in turn remitted payment to Valvoline. During the three months ended December 31, 2016, $11approximately $3 million, ~~of accounts receivable were sold to the financial institution under this agreement.~~with 0 material gain or loss recognized.

Following the Distribution, Valvoline became party to the arrangement to sell certain customer accounts receivable in the form of draft or bills of exchange to the financial institution. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, Valvoline did not sell accounts receivable to the financial institution.

NOTE 5 - ~~INVENTORIES~~INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Certain lubricants are valued at the lower of cost or market using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method. Remaining inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the weighted average cost method.

~~The following summarizes Valvoline’s inventories:~~

(In millions) December 31
2017 September 30
2017
Finished products $ 178
$ 180
Raw materials, supplies and work in process 28
31
LIFO reserves (33 ) (33 )
Obsolete inventory reserves (3 ) (3 )
$ 170
$ 175

~~NOTE 6 - GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES~~

~~Goodwill~~

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment and in total during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017.~~2020:


(In millions)	Core North America		Quick Lubes		International		Total		(In millions)	Quick Lubes		Core North America		International		Total
September 30, 2017	$	89	$	201	$	40	$	330
Balance at September 30, 2019									Balance at September 30, 2019	$	301	$	89	$	40	$	430
Acquisitions ^(a)	—		30		—		30		Acquisitions ^(a)	5		—		—		5
December 31, 2017	$	89	$	231	$	40	$	360
Currency translation									Currency translation	(2)		—		—		(2)
Dispositions ^(a)									Dispositions ^(a)	(3)		—		—		(3)
Balance at March 31, 2020									Balance at March 31, 2020	$	301	$	89	$	40	$	430

(a) ~~Relates~~Refer to Note 4 for details regarding acquisitions and dispositions completed during the ~~acquisition~~six months ended March 31, 2020.

NOTE 6 - RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

During the second fiscal quarter of ~~Henley Bluewater LLC~~2019, Valvoline outlined a broad-based restructuring and cost-savings program to reduce costs, simplify processes and focus the organization’s structure and resources on key growth initiatives. Part of this program includes employee separation actions, which were generally completed during 2019, with the associated termination benefits anticipated to be substantially paid by the end of 2020.

Since program inception, Valvoline has recognized cumulative costs of $13 million, including $1 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020 and $6 million during the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2019. These costs are for employee termination benefits, which include severance and ~~adjustments~~other benefits provided to employees pursuant to the restructuring program. These expenses were recognized in Selling, general and administrative expenses within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company does not expect to incur material remaining costs from these actions.

The results by segment, as disclosed in Note 12, do not include these restructuring expenses, which is consistent with the manner by which management assesses the performance and evaluates the results of each segment. Accordingly, these expenses are included in Unallocated and other.

The following table presents the expenses recognized related to ~~prior year acquisitions.~~

~~Other Intangible Assets~~

~~Valvoline's purchased intangible assets were specifically identified when acquired~~employee termination benefits during the six months ended March 31, 2020 and ~~have finite lives. Intangible assets were $37 million~~the estimated remaining liability, which is included in ~~gross carrying amount, net of $4 million in accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2017 and were reported in~~ ~~Goodwill and intangibles, net~~ on the Condensed Consolidated Balance ~~Sheet. Amortization expense recognized on intangible assets during the three months ended December 31, 2017~~Sheet within Accrued expenses and ~~2016 was not material. Amortization expense expected in the next five fiscal years is as follows:~~other liabilities:


(In millions)	Employee termination benefits
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	9
Expenses recognized during the period	1
Payments	(4)

Balance at March 31, 2020	$	6

(In millions)
Years ending September 30 (estimated)
2018    $ 5
2019    $ 5
2020    $ 5
2021    $ 4
2022    $ 4

NOTE 7 - DEBT ~~OBLIGATIONS~~

The following table summarizes Valvoline’s ~~short-term borrowings and long-term~~total debt:


(In millions)	(In millions)	December 31 2017			September 30 2017			(In millions)	March 31 2020		September 30 2019
2030 Notes								2030 Notes	$	600	$	—
2025 Notes	2025 Notes	$	400		$	400		2025 Notes	400		400
2024 Notes	2024 Notes	375			375			2024 Notes	—		375
Term Loans		281			285
Term Loan								Term Loan	475		575
Revolver								Revolver	450		—
Trade Receivables Facility	Trade Receivables Facility	120			75			Trade Receivables Facility	90		—
Revolver		—			—
Other ^(a)	Other ^(a)	(10		)	(11		)	Other ^(a)	(12)		(8)
Total debt	Total debt	$	1,166		$	1,124		Total debt	$	2,003	$	1,342
Short-term debt		—			75

Current portion of long-term debt	Current portion of long-term debt	19			15			Current portion of long-term debt	—		15
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	$	1,147		$	1,034		Long-term debt	$	2,003	$	1,327

(a) ~~At December~~As of March 31, ~~2017, Other includes $12 million of~~2020 and September 30, 2019, other included debt issuance ~~cost~~costs and discounts of $13 million and $2$9 million, ofrespectively, and debt primarily acquired through ~~acquisitions. At September 30, 2017, Other included $13 million~~acquisitions of ~~debt issuance cost discounts and $2 million of debt acquired through acquisitions.~~$1 million.

Senior Notes

~~During August 2017, Valvoline completed the issuance~~The Company's outstanding fixed rate senior notes as of March 31, 2020 consist of 4.375% senior unsecured notes due 2025 with an aggregate principal amount of $400 ~~million. The net proceeds from the offering of the 2025 Notes was $394~~ million ~~(after deducting initial purchasers' discounts~~issued in August 2017 (the “2025 Notes") and ~~debt issuance costs), which were used to make a voluntary contribution to the Company's qualified U.S. pension plan.~~

~~During July 2016, Valvoline completed the issuance of 5.500%~~4.250% senior unsecured notes due ~~2024~~2030 with an aggregate principal amount of ~~$375 million. The~~$600 million issued in February 2020 (the "2030 Notes").

On February 25, 2020, Valvoline issued the 2030 Notes in a private offering for net proceeds ~~from the offering~~ of ~~the 2024 Notes was $370~~$592 million (after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs). A portion of the net proceeds were used to redeem in full Valvoline's 5.500% senior unsecured notes due 2024 at the aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the "2024 Notes"), plus an early redemption premium of $15 million, accrued and unpaid interest, as well as related fees and expenses for an aggregate redemption price of $394 million. A loss on extinguishment of the 2024 Notes of $19 million was recognized in Net interest and other financing expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, comprised of the early redemption premium and the write-off of related unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts.

A portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2030 Notes were also utilized to prepay $100 million of indebtedness from the term loan facility (the "Term Loan") under the senior credit agreement (the "Senior Credit Agreement"), with the remainder of the net proceeds to be used for general corporate purposes, which ~~were transferred~~may include acquisitions, repayment of indebtedness, working capital and capital expenditures. In response to ~~Valvoline's former parent, Ashland.~~the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is utilizing the remaining net proceeds to preserve cash and cash equivalents and maintain liquidity.

The ~~Senior~~2030 Notes are subject to customary events of default for similar debt securities, which if triggered may accelerate payment of principal, premium, if any, and accrued but unpaid ~~interest on the notes.~~interest. Such events of default include non-payment of principal and interest, non-performance of covenants and obligations, default on other material debt, and bankruptcy or insolvency. If a change of control repurchase event occurs, Valvoline may be required to offer to purchase the ~~Senior~~2030 Notes from the holders thereof. The ~~Senior~~2030 Notes are not otherwise required to be repaid prior to maturity, although they may be redeemed at the option of Valvoline at any time prior to ~~their~~ maturity in the manner specified in the ~~indentures~~ governing ~~the notes.~~indenture. The ~~notes~~2030 Notes are guaranteed by each of Valvoline's subsidiaries that guarantee obligations under the ~~existing senior secured credit facility described below.~~Senior Credit Agreement.

~~In December 2017, Valvoline completed registered exchange offers for the Senior Notes.~~

Senior Credit Agreement

~~The 2016 Senior Credit Agreement provides for~~During the six months ended March 31, 2020, the Company made a principal payment of $100 million on its Term Loan using a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2030 Notes, resulting in an ~~aggregate~~outstanding principal ~~amount~~balance of ~~$1,325~~$475 million ~~in senior secured credit facilities (“2016 Credit Facilities”), composed~~as of ~~(i) a five-year $875~~March 31, 2020 from the $575 million ~~term loan facility (“Term Loans”), and (ii) a five-year~~outstanding as of September 30, 2019.

During the six months ended March 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $450 million from its $475 million revolving credit facility ~~(including~~(the "Revolver") under the Senior Credit Agreement as a ~~$100~~precautionary measure to further strengthen its liquidity position and provide additional financial flexibility in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of March 31, 2020, $450 million ~~letter~~remained outstanding, and there were 0 amounts outstanding as of ~~credit sublimit) (“Revolver”). At December 31, 2017 and~~ September 30, 2017, the Term Loans had outstanding principal balances of $281 million and $285 million, respectively. At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under the Revolver.2019. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017,~~2020, the total borrowing capacity remaining under the Revolver was ~~$439~~$18 million due to a reduction of ~~$11~~$7 million for letters of credit outstanding.

The outstanding principal balance of the Term Loans is required to be repaid in quarterly installments of approximately $4 million for fiscal 2018, $8 million for fiscal 2019 and 2020, and $15 million for fiscal 2021 with the balance due at maturity. At Valvoline’s option, amounts outstanding under the 2016 Senior Credit Agreement bear interest at either LIBOR or an alternate base rate, in each case plus the applicable interest rate margin. The interest rate fluctuates between LIBOR plus 1.500% per annum and LIBOR plus 2.500% per annum (or between the alternate base rate plus 0.500% per annum and the alternate base rate plus 1.500% annum), based upon Valvoline’s corporate credit ratings or the consolidated first lien net leverage ratio (as defined in the 2016 Senior Credit Agreement).

The 2016 Credit Facilities are guaranteed by Valvoline’s existing and future subsidiaries (other than certain immaterial subsidiaries, joint ventures, special purpose financing subsidiaries, regulated subsidiaries, foreign subsidiaries and certain other subsidiaries), and are secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all the personal property assets, and certain real property assets, of Valvoline and the guarantors, including all or a portion of the equity interests of certain of Valvoline’s domestic subsidiaries and first-tier foreign subsidiaries. The 2016 Credit Facilities may be prepaid at any time without premium.

The 2016 Senior Credit Agreement contains usual and customary representations and warranties, and usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on liens, additional indebtedness, investments, restricted payments, asset sales, mergers, affiliate transactions and other customary limitations, as well as financial covenants (including maintenance of a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio). As of the end of any fiscal quarter, the maximum consolidated net leverage ratio and minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio permitted under the 2016 Senior Credit Agreement are 4.5 and 3.0, respectively. As of DecemberMarch 31, ~~2017,~~2020, Valvoline was in compliance with all covenants under the ~~2016~~ Senior Credit Agreement.

Trade Receivables Facility

On ~~November 29, 2016, Valvoline entered into a $125~~January 31, 2020, the Company amended its $175 million ~~one-year revolving~~ trade receivables securitization facility ~~(“Trade~~(the “Trade Receivables Facility”) ~~with certain financial institutions. On~~, which extended the maturity to November ~~20, 2017, the Company amended the~~2021. Other relevant terms and conditions of Trade Receivables Facility ~~to extend the maturity date to November 19, 2020 and increase the maximum funding~~were substantially unchanged under ~~the facility to $175 million based on the availability of eligible receivables and other customary factors and conditions.~~this amendment.

Under the Trade Receivables Facility, Valvoline sells and/or transfers a majority of its U.S. trade receivables to a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary as they are originated, and advances by the lenders to that subsidiary (in the form of cash or letters of credit) are secured by those trade receivables. The assets of this financing subsidiary are restricted as collateral for the payment of its obligations under the Trade Receivables Facility, and its assets and credit are not available to satisfy the debts and obligations owed to the creditors of the Company. The Company includes the assets, liabilities and results of operations of this financing subsidiary in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

During the ~~first fiscal quarter of 2017,~~six months ended March 31, 2020, Valvoline borrowed ~~$75~~$90 million under the Trade Receivables Facility to proactively increase its cash position and ~~used the net proceeds to repay an equal amount~~enhance financial agility in light of the ~~Term Loans. During~~uncertainty resulting from the ~~first fiscal quarter~~COVID-19 pandemic. As of ~~2018, Valvoline borrowed $45~~March 31, 2020, $90 million ~~under the Trade Receivables Facility~~remained outstanding and used the proceeds to supplement the daily cash needs of the Company's operations. The Company accounts for the Trade Receivables Facility as secured borrowings. Based upon the maturity dates in place in each respective period, as of December 31, 2017, the $120 million balance outstanding was classified as ~~Long-term debt~~ ~~and the $75 million balance~~0 amounts were outstanding as of September 30, ~~2017 was classified as~~ ~~Short-term debt~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets~~. 2019.

Based on the availability of eligible receivables, the ~~total~~remaining borrowing capacity ~~remaining under~~of the Trade Receivables Facility ~~at December~~as of March 31, ~~2017~~2020 was ~~$39~~$28 million. The financing subsidiary owned ~~$253~~$201 million and ~~$247~~$259 million of outstanding accounts receivable as of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 and September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, respectively, ~~and these amounts~~which are included in Accounts receivable, net in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

~~The financing subsidiary pays customary fees to the lenders, and advances by a lender under~~On April 22, 2020, Valvoline amended the Trade Receivables Facility ~~accrue interest~~to modify the eligibility requirements for certain receivables, which had the ~~weighted average interest rates were 2.2% and 1.5% for~~effect of increasing the ~~three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.~~Company’s remaining borrowing capacity to $85 million based on the availability of eligible receivables. The ~~Trade Receivables Facility contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants and default and termination provisions, which provide for acceleration of amounts owed under~~amendment also requires the Trade Receivables Facility ~~in circumstances including, but not limited~~to maintain an amount equal to the ~~failure to pay interest or other amounts when due, defaults on certain other indebtedness, certain insolvency events,~~lesser of 50 percent of the unchanged total borrowing capacity and ~~breach~~the borrowing base from the availability of ~~representation.~~eligible receivables. Other relevant terms and conditions of Trade Receivables Facility were substantially unchanged under this amendment.

NOTE 8 – INCOME TAXES

Income tax provisions for interim quarterly periods are based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate calculated separately from the effect of significant, infrequent or unusual discrete items related specifically to interim periods. Income tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $94 million, an effective tax rate of 111.9% compared to expense of $38 million and an effective tax rate of 34.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The ~~increase in~~following summarizes income tax expense and the effective tax rate in each interim period:


	Three months ended									Six months ended
	March 31									March 31
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Income tax expense	$	25		$	17		$	49		$	36
Effective tax rate percentage	28.4		%	21.3		%	26.5		%	23.7		%

The increase in effective tax rates for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year periods was principally ~~driven by the enactment of~~attributed to tax reform legislation, ~~in the U.S. in December 2017,~~ which resulted in ~~a net increase~~unfavorable discrete activity in ~~income tax expense~~the

current year periods due to legislation enacted in India, while the clarification of ~~approximately $68 million that more than offset benefits related to the reduction in the estimated annual effective tax rate for fiscal 2018.~~

~~U.S. tax reform legislation~~

~~On December 22, 2017, the President~~certain provisions of ~~the United States signed into law~~Kentucky tax reform legislation (the “Act”), which is generally effective January 1, 2018. The Act includes a number of provisions, including lowering the U.S. corporate federal income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to 21% and changing or limiting certain tax deductions. While the Company expects this rate reduction will ultimately benefit Valvoline, the Act also includes provisions that are expected to offset some of the benefit of the rate reduction, including the repeal of the deduction for domestic production activities and the expansion of the limitation on the deduction of certain executive compensation. In addition, the Act alters the landscape of taxation of non-U.S. operations and provides immediate deductions for certain new investments, among other provisions. Based on the Company's provisional estimates of the impacts of the Act, the Company expects the Act will result in a lower estimated annual effective tax rate for Valvoline in fiscal 2018 and beyond and decrease the Company's cash taxes, particularly in years beyond fiscal 2018.

~~During the three months ended December 31, 2017, enactment of the Act resulted~~drove favorable discrete activity in the ~~following provisional impacts on income tax expense, which are described further below:~~

~~The remeasurement of net deferred tax assets at the lower enacted corporate tax rate resulted in a net $67 million increase in income tax expense;~~

~~The deemed repatriation tax on unremitted non-U.S.~~prior year periods. Higher pre-tax earnings ~~and profits resulted in a $4 million increase in income tax expense; and~~

~~The remeasurement of net indemnity liabilities associated with the Tax Matters Agreement~~also led to increased ~~pre-tax expense by $7 million and generated a $3 million tax benefit primarily related to the higher expected utilization of tax attributes payable to Ashland.~~

The estimated impacts of the Act recorded during the three months ended December 31, 2017 are provisional in nature, and the Company will continue to assess the impact of the Act and will record adjustments through the income tax provision in the relevant period as amounts are known and reasonably estimable during the measurement period. Accordingly, the impact of the Act may differ from the Company's provisional estimates due to and among other factors, information currently not available, changes in interpretations and the issuance of additional guidance, as well as changes in assumptions the Company has currently made, including actions the Company may take in future periods as a result of the Act.

In particular, there is currently a lack of clarity regarding the application of the executive compensation deduction limitations and state tax implications as a result of the Act. The Company currently estimates that the effect of the Act on executive compensation deduction limitations will primarily be effective in future periods. With regard to state tax implications, the Company generally expects taxable state income will increase as a result of deduction limitations associated with the Act, though the impact is not currently reasonably estimable as most U.S. state tax jurisdictions have not responded to the specific effects of the Act. The Company will make relevant updates to management's estimates and assumptions as additional information becomes available.

Given the effective date of the rate reduction in the Act, the Company's statutory federal corporate tax rate for fiscal 2018 will be a blended rate of 24.5% and will decline to 21% for fiscal 2019 and beyond.

~~Deferred tax remeasurement~~

The Company's net deferred income taxes represent benefits that will be used to reduce corporate taxes expected to be paid as well as differences between the tax bases and carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates occur, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted in the period changes are enacted through income tax expense.

The Company’s net deferred tax assets of $281 million were determined at September 30, 2017 based on the then-current enacted income tax rates prior to the passage of the Act. As a result of the reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% under the Act, the Company revalued its net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017, which resulted in a reduction in the value of net deferred tax assets of approximately $67 million that was recorded as additional income tax expense in the ~~Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended December 31, 2017.~~current year periods.

~~Deemed repatriation~~

The Act implements a new territorial tax system that imposes a one-time transition tax, or deemed repatriation, on unremitted earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries that is based in part on the amount of these earnings held in cash and other specified assets. The mandatory deemed repatriation resulted in a $22 million gross liability, but allows for the realization of $18 million of previously unrecognized foreign tax credits related to taxes previously paid in relevant local jurisdictions. The net result was $4 million of income tax expense which was recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2017.

The Company has historically intended to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. As undistributed earnings of the Company's non-U.S. subsidiaries were subject to the one-time deemed repatriation tax, the Company began to reevaluate its intentions to indefinitely reinvest its non-U.S. undistributed earnings. The Company now plans to repatriate up to $45 million of previously undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries where the withholding tax implications are expected to be minimal. The Company is presently not aware of any significant restrictions on the repatriation of these funds and additional taxes and other costs that may arise between the deemed and actual distribution dates are not estimated to be material.

The Company's intent is to continue to indefinitely reinvest the remainder of its undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries. Upon any future determination to distribute these earnings, the Company would be subject to certain income and withholding taxes, the amount of which is not practicable to determine given the complexities associated with such a hypothetical calculation, including dependencies on income tax laws and other circumstances in place at the time amounts are distributed.

~~Tax Matters Agreement~~

Total liabilities related to obligations owed to Ashland under the Tax Matters Agreement were $67 million and $62 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, $1 million was recorded in ~~Accrued expenses and other liabilities, and $66 million and $61 million was recorded in~~ ~~Other noncurrent liabilities~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively.~~

Under the Tax Matters Agreement, Valvoline has net indemnification obligations for a number of tax matters, including certain taxes that arise upon audit or examination related to the periods prior to Distribution and Valvoline's utilization of legacy tax attributes contributed as part of the separation from Ashland. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, Valvoline recognized $7 million of expense in ~~Selling, general and administrative expenses~~ for the estimated increase in net amounts due. The estimated increase in net amounts due was a result of the reduction in the federal tax rate primarily related to the reduced federal benefit of state tax deductions, which drove increases in estimated taxes payable upon audit or examination as well as the expected utilization of legacy tax attributes, which also resulted in an income tax benefit of $3 million during the period.

~~Uncertainties in income taxes~~

The Company records reserves related to its uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that the tax position may not be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2017, the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet includes a $10 million liability for uncertain income tax positions, and during the three months ended December 31, 2017, there were no significant changes in Valvoline's uncertain tax positions or related reserves. As tax examinations are completed or settled, statutes of limitations expire, or other new information becomes available, the Company will adjust its liabilities for uncertain tax positions in the respective period through payment or through the income tax provision. The Company has provided adequate reserves for its income tax uncertainties in all open tax years based on the recognition and measurement considerations in the relevant accounting principles and any adjustments are not expected to have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements at this time; however, it is reasonably possible that there could be changes to the Company's reserves related to its uncertain tax positions due to activities of the taxing authorities, resolution of examination issues, or reassessment of existing uncertain tax positions.

Although the timing and nature of the resolution and/or closure of examinations cannot be predicted with certainty, management estimates that it is reasonably possible that reserves related to uncertain tax positions may decrease by as much as $3 million from the resolution of tax examinations in U.S. jurisdictions during the next twelve months.

NOTE 9 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

~~The total pension and other postretirement benefit income was $10 million and $25 million during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.~~

Contributions to the U.S. non-qualified and non-U.S. pension plans during the three months ended December 31, 2017 were $3 million. For the remainder of fiscal 2018, Valvoline expects to contribute approximately $11 million to these plans, for a total of $14 million in fiscal 2018.

~~Components of net periodic benefit income~~

For segment reporting purposes, service cost is proportionately allocated to each reportable segment, while all other components of net periodic benefit income are recognized below operating income within ~~Net pension and other postretirement plan non-service income and remeasurement adjustments~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.~~

Effective January 1, 2017, Valvoline discontinued certain other postretirement health and life insurance benefits. The effect of these plan amendments resulted in a remeasurement gain of $8 million during the three months ended December 31, 2016 as shown in the table below. The following table summarizes the components of pension and other postretirement benefit ~~income for the three months ended December 31:~~(income) cost:


																		Other postretirement benefits
														Pension benefits
(In millions)													(In millions)	2020		2019				2020			2019
Three months ended March 31													Three months ended March 31
Service cost													Service cost	$	—	$	1	$	—		$	—
Interest cost													Interest cost	15		20		1			—
Expected return on plan assets													Expected return on plan assets	(22)		(20)		—			—
Amortization of prior service credit													Amortization of prior service credit	—		—		(3)			(3)

Net periodic benefit (income) cost													Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(7)	$	1	$	(2)		$	(3)

Six months ended March 31													Six months ended March 31
Service cost													Service cost	$	1	$	1	$	—		$	—
Interest cost													Interest cost	31		40		1			1
Expected return on plan assets													Expected return on plan assets	(44)		(40)		—			—
Amortization of prior service credit													Amortization of prior service credit	—		—		(6)			(6)

Net periodic benefit (income) cost													Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(12)	$	1	$	(5)		$	(5)

							Other postretirement benefits
	Pension benefits
(In millions)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Service cost	$	—		$	1		$	—		$	—
Interest cost	19			21			—			—
Expected return on plan assets	(26		)	(36		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service credit	—			—			(3		)	(3		)
Actuarial gain	—			—			—			(8		)
Net periodic benefit income	$	(7	)	$	(14	)	$	(3	)	$	(11	)

NOTE 10 – ~~COMMITMENTS~~LITIGATION, CLAIMS AND CONTINGENCIES

From time to time, Valvoline is ~~involved in~~party to lawsuits, claims and other legal ~~actions~~proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. ~~While Valvoline cannot predict with certainty~~The Company establishes liabilities for the outcome ~~costs recognized~~of such matters where losses are determined to be probable and reasonably estimable. Where appropriate, the Company has recorded liabilities with respect to ~~such actions~~these matters, which were ~~immaterial during~~not material for the ~~three months ended December 31, 2017.~~periods presented as reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements herein. There are certain claims and legal proceedings pending where loss is not determined to be probable or reasonably estimable, and therefore, accruals have not been made. In addition, Valvoline ~~does~~discloses matters for which management believes a material loss is at least reasonably possible.

In all instances, management has assessed each matter based on current information available and made a judgment concerning its potential outcome, giving due consideration to the amount and nature of the claim and the probability of success. The Company believes it has established adequate accruals for liabilities that are probable and reasonably estimable.

Although the ultimate resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty and there can be no assurances that the actual amounts required to satisfy liabilities from these matters will not ~~have any currently~~exceed the amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements, based on information available at this time, it is the opinion of management that such pending claims or ~~litigation which Valvoline believes, individually or in the aggregate,~~proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. While Valvoline cannot predict with certainty the outcome of such matters, where appropriate, adequate reserves have been recorded, which were not material as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017. There is a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized may be incurred related to these matters; however, Valvoline currently believes that such potential losses will not be material.statements.

NOTE 11 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following istable summarizes basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three months ended						Six months ended
	March 31						March 31
(In millions, except per share data)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator
Net income	$	63	$	63	$	136	$	116
Denominator

Weighted average common shares outstanding	188		189		188		189
Effect of potentially dilutive securities ^(a)	—		—		1		—
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	188		189		189		189

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.33	$	0.33	$	0.72	$	0.61
Diluted	$	0.33	$	0.33	$	0.72	$	0.61

(a)Outstanding securities, primarily stock appreciation rights, were not included the computation of ~~basic and~~ diluted ~~EPS for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. EPS is reported under the treasury stock method.~~

Three months ended
December 31
(In millions except per share data) 2017 2016
Numerator
Net (loss) income $ (10 ) $ 72
Denominator
Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS 202
205
Effect of dilutive securities ^(a)
—
—
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS 202
205

(Loss) earnings per share
Basic $ (0.05 ) $ 0.35
Diluted $ (0.05 ) $ 0.35

(a) For the three months ended December 31, 2017, due to the net loss attributable to Valvoline common stockholders, potential common shares primarily related to stock-based compensation plans of approximately 1 million were excluded from the dilutedearnings per share ~~count~~ because their effect would have been ~~anti-dilutive. During~~antidilutive. For the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2016,~~2020, there ~~was not a significant dilutive impact from potential common shares.~~

~~NOTE 12 - STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT~~

~~Changes in stockholders' deficit~~were approximately 1 million antidilutive outstanding securities and there were approximately 2 million in the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017 were as follows:~~2019.

(In millions)
Balance as of September 30, 2017 $ (117 )

Net loss (10 )

Repurchases of common stock ^(a)
(39 )
Stock-based compensation plans 2
Dividends paid, $0.0745 per common share (15 )

Purchase of remaining ownership interest in subsidiary ^(b)
(14 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized currency translation gain 1

Amortization of pension and other postretirement prior service credits in income ^(c)
(2 )

Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ (194 )


~~(a)~~	~~During the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company repurchased approximately 2 million shares of its common stock for $39 million. Upon repurchase, shares are retired.~~


~~(b)~~	~~Refer to Note 3 for details regarding the Company's purchase of the remaining ownership interest in a controlled and consolidated subsidiary during the three months ended December 31, 2017.~~


~~(c)~~	~~Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits is included in net periodic benefit income within~~ ~~Net pension and other postretirement plan non-service income and remeasurement adjustments~~ ~~in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.~~

~~NOTE 13 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS~~

At December 31, 2017, Valvoline had total net obligations due to Ashland of $81 million, of which $3 million was recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities and the remainder was primarily recorded and Other noncurrent liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

At September 30, 2017, Valvoline had total net obligations due to Ashland of $74 million, of which $2 million was recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities and the remainder was primarily recorded and Other noncurrent liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

These liabilities generally relate to net obligations due to Ashland under the Tax Matters Agreement as well as reimbursements payable to Ashland for certain other contractual obligations, including those related to transition services and other obligations that are intended to transfer to Valvoline as part of the Distribution of Ashland's remaining interest in Valvoline. The increase in total net obligations due to Ashland from September 30, 2017 is primarily related to the change in obligations estimated as due under the Tax Matters Agreement related to the enactment of U.S. tax reform legislation in December 2017. Refer to Note 8 for additional details regarding the Tax Matters Agreement and related obligations.

NOTE 1412 - REPORTABLE SEGMENT INFORMATION

Valvoline manages and reports within the following ~~three~~3 segments:

~~Core North America~~ - sells Valvoline and other branded products and solutions in the United States and Canada to heavy-duty customers and retailers for consumers to perform their own automotive and engine maintenance, as well as to installer customers who use Valvoline products to service vehicles.

•Quick Lubes - services the passenger car and light truck quick lube market ~~through: Company-owned~~through company-owned and independent franchised ~~Valvoline Instant Oil Change (“VIOC”)~~ retail quick lube service ~~stores;~~center stores and ~~its~~independent Express Care stores ~~for independent operators~~that service vehicles with Valvoline products, as well as through investment in a joint venture in China to ~~purchase Valvoline motor oil and other products and display Valvoline branded signage.~~

pilot expansion of retail quick lube service center stores outside of North America.

~~International~~ •Core North America - sells ~~Valvoline~~engine and ~~other branded~~automotive maintenance products in ~~approximately~~the United States and Canada to retailers, installers, and heavy-duty customers to service vehicles and equipment.

•International - sells engine and automotive maintenance products in more than 140 countries outside of the United States and Canada for the maintenance of consumer and commercial vehicles and equipment.

These segments represent components of the Company for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker in assessing segment performance and in allocating the ~~Company's~~Company’s resources. Sales and operating income are the primary U.S. GAAP measures evaluated in assessing each reportable segment’s financial performance. Operating income by segment includes the allocation of shared corporate costs, which are allocated consistently based on each segment’s proportional contribution to various financial measures. Intersegment sales are not material, and assets are not ~~regularly~~allocated and included in the assessment of segment performance; consequently, these items are not disclosed by segment herein.

To maintain operating focus on business performance, certain corporate and non-operational items, including restructuring and related expenses, as well as adjustments related to legacy businesses that no longer are attributed to Valvoline, are excluded from the segment operating results utilized by the chief operating decision maker in evaluating segment performance and are separately delineated within Unallocated and other to reconcile to total reported Operating incomeas shown in the table below.

Segment financial results

The following table presents sales and operating income for each reportable segment:


	Three months ended									Six months ended
(In millions)	March 31									March 31
			2020			2019			2020			2019
Sales
Quick Lubes	$	212		$	200		$	430		$	389
Core North America	238			243			486			475
International	128			148			269			284
Consolidated sales	$	578		$	591		$	1,185		$	1,148

Operating income
Quick Lubes	$	40		$	44		$	78		$	82
Core North America	47			40			93			71
International	18			23			38			41
Total operating segments	105			107			209			194
Unallocated and other ^(a)	12			(11)			12			(11)
Consolidated operating income	$	117		$	96		$	221		$	183

(a) Unallocated and other includes net legacy and separation-related expenses/income and corporate costs not allocated to the reportable segments, including certain acquisition and divestiture-related costs, restructuring and related expenses, and certain current year incentive compensation adjustments.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table summarizes sales by primary customer channel for the Company’s reportable segments:


	Three months ended						Six months ended
	March 31						March 31
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Quick Lubes
Company-owned operations	$	140	$	128	$	282	$	252
Non-company owned operations	72		72		148		137
Total Quick Lubes	212		200		430		389

Core North America
Retail	133		140		270		256
Installer and other	105		103		216		219
Total Core North America	238		243		486		475

International	128		148		269		284

Consolidated sales	$	578	$	591	$	1,185	$	1,148

(In millions)
Three months ended December 31
2017 2016
Sales
Core North America $ 251
$ 237
Quick Lubes 154
127
International 140
125
Consolidated sales $ 545
$ 489

Operating income (loss)
Core North America $ 43
$ 51
Quick Lubes 35
29
International 19
20
Total operating segments $ 97
$ 100
Unallocated and other ^(a)
(9 ) (6 )
Consolidated operating income $ 88
$ 94


~~(a)~~	Unallocated and other includes $7 million of expense in the three months ended December 31, 2017 related to adjustments associated with Ashland tax indemnities driven by tax reform legislation, as well as separation costs of $2 million and $6 million for the three months ending December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Sales by reportable segment disaggregated by geographic market follows:


	Quick Lubes						Core North America						International				Total
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019
Three months ended March 31
North America^(a)	$	212	$	200	$	238	$	243	$	—	$	—	$	450	$	443
Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA")	—		—		—		—		44		47		44		47
Asia Pacific	—		—		—		—		58		73		58		73
Latin America^(a)	—		—		—		—		26		28		26		28
Totals	$	212	$	200	$	238	$	243	$	128	$	148	$	578	$	591

Six months ended March 31
North America^(a)	$	430	$	389	$	486	$	475	$	—	$	—	$	916	$	864
Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA")	—		—		—		—		91		91		91		91
Asia Pacific	—		—		—		—		128		140		128		140
Latin America^(a)	—		—		—		—		50		53		50		53
Totals	$	430	$	389	$	486	$	475	$	269	$	284	$	1,185	$	1,148

(a) Valvoline includes the United States and Canada in its North America region. Mexico is included within the Latin America region.

NOTE 13 - SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the totals shown within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:


(In millions)	March 31 2020		September 30 2019		March 31 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	774	$	159	$	114
Restricted cash^(a)	1		—		11
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	775	$	159	$	125

(a) Included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Accounts receivable

The following table summarizes Valvoline’s accounts receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:


(In millions)	March 31 2020		September 30 2019
Trade	$	342	$	392
Other	16		15
Accounts receivable, gross	358		407
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(6)		(6)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	352	$	401

During the six month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Valvoline sold accounts receivable to a financial institution of $59 million and $63 million, respectively.

Franchisee loan receivables

Valvoline’s financing receivables primarily consist of low-interest term loans extended to franchisees to provide financial assistance as a response to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Financing receivables are recorded at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses. These financing receivables bear interest at variable rates consistent with those in Valvoline's Senior Credit Agreement, and accordingly, their carrying amounts approximate fair value. Valvoline monitors the financial condition of its franchisees and will record provisions for estimated credit losses on the loans when the Company believes a loss is probable. As of March 31, 2020, there was no allowance for credit losses recorded. The balances of term loans to franchisees due within one year are included in Accounts receivable, net while amounts due beyond one year are included in Other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Amounts included in Other noncurrent assets totaled $15 million as of March 31, 2020. There were 0 loan receivables from franchisees outstanding as of September 30, 2019.

Inventories

Inventories are primarily carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the weighted average cost method. In addition, certain lubricants are valued at the lower of cost or market using the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method.

The following table summarizes Valvoline’s inventories in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:


(In millions)	March 31 2020		September 30 2019
Finished products	$	211	$	203
Raw materials, supplies and work in process	34		32
Reserve for LIFO cost valuation	(36)		(41)

Total inventories, net	$	209	$	194

Revenue recognition

The following table disaggregates the Company’s sales by timing of revenue recognized:


	Three months ended						Six months ended
	March 31						March 31
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Sales at a point in time	$	569	$	581	$	1,165	$	1,128
Franchised revenues transferred over time	9		10		20		20
Total consolidated sales	$	578	$	591	$	1,185	$	1,148

NOTE 1514 - GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION

As described in Note 7, Valvoline issued the 2030 Notes in an unregistered private offering in February 2020 and used a portion of the net proceeds to redeem in full its 2024 Notes. The 2025 Notes described in Note 7 were registered in an exchange offer completed in December 2017 and remain subject to Rule 3-10 of SEC Regulation S-X.

The ~~Senior~~2025 Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of Valvoline Inc. and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by the combined wholly-owned “Guarantor Subsidiaries.” Other subsidiaries (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) largely represent the international operations of the Company, which do not guarantee the ~~Senior~~2025 Notes. Under the terms of the indentures, Valvoline Inc. and the Guarantor Subsidiaries each fully and unconditionally, jointly and severally, guarantee the payment of interest, principal and premium, if any, on each of the notes included in the Senior Notes. Refer to Note 7 for additional information.

The Guarantor Subsidiaries are subject to release in certain circumstances, including (i) the sale of all of the capital stock of the subsidiary, (ii) the designation of the subsidiary as an “Unrestricted Subsidiary” under the indentures governing the Senior Notes; or (iii) the release of the subsidiary as a guarantor from the Company's 2016 Senior Credit Agreement described further in Note 7.

In connection with the registered exchange offers for the Senior Notes completed in December 2017, the Company is required to comply with Rule 3-10 of SEC Regulation S-X (“Rule 3-10”), and has therefore included the accompanying condensed consolidating financial statements are included in accordance with Rule 3-10(f) of SEC Regulation ~~S-X.~~

~~The following tables~~S-X and present, on a consolidating basis, the condensed statements of comprehensive ~~income;~~income, condensed balance ~~sheets;~~sheets, and condensed statements of cash flows for the parent issuer of ~~these Senior~~the 2025 Notes, the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis, and the eliminations necessary to arrive at the ~~Company's~~Company’s consolidated results.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the three months ended December 31, 2017
(In millions) Valvoline Inc.
(Parent Issuer) Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Sales $ —
$ 422
$ 134
$ (11 ) $ 545
Cost of sales —
263
98
(11 ) 350
Gross profit —
159
36
—
195

Selling, general and administrative expense 9
83
22
—
114
Separation costs 1
1
—
—
2
Equity and other (income) expenses —
(12 ) 3
—
(9 )
Operating (loss) income (10 ) 87
11
—
88
Net pension and other postretirement plan non-service income and remeasurement adjustments —
(10 ) —
—
(10 )
Net interest and other financing expense 12
1
1
—
14
(Loss) income before income taxes (22 ) 96
10
—
84
Income tax expense 21
70
3
—
94
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 33
7
—
(40 ) —
Net (loss) income $ (10 ) $ 33
$ 7
$ (40 ) $ (10 )

Total comprehensive (loss) income $ (11 ) $ 32
$ 8
$ (40 ) $ (11 )


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the three months ended March 31, 2020

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Sales	$	—	$	468	$	122	$	(12)	$	578
Cost of sales	—		297		86		(12)		371
Gross profit	—		171		36		—		207

Selling, general and administrative (income) expenses	(1)		75		22		—		96

Equity and other (income) expenses, net	—		(13)		7		—		(6)
Operating income	1		109		7		—		117
Net pension and other postretirement plan income	—		(9)		—		—		(9)
Net interest and other financing expenses	36		2		—		—		38
(Loss) income before income taxes	(35)		116		7		—		88
Income tax (benefit) expense	(8)		31		2		—		25
Equity in net income of subsidiaries	(90)		(5)		—		95		—
Net income	$	63	$	90	$	5	$	(95)	$	63

Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	40	$	69	$	(15)	$	(54)	$	40

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the three months ended December 31, 2016
(In millions) Valvoline Inc.
(Parent Issuer) Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Sales $ —
$ 377
$ 124
$ (12 ) $ 489
Cost of sales —
224
92
(12 ) 304
Gross profit —
153
32
—
185

Selling, general and administrative expense 2
69
24
—
95
Separation costs —
6
—
—
6
Equity and other (income) expenses —
(13 ) 3
—
(10 )
Operating (loss) income (2 ) 91
5
—
94
Net pension and other postretirement plan non-service income and remeasurement adjustments —
(26 ) —
—
(26 )
Net interest and other financing expense 9
1
—
—
10
(Loss) income before income taxes (11 ) 116
5
—
110
Income tax (benefit) expense (4 ) 38
4
—
38
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 79
1
—
(80 ) —
Net income (loss) $ 72
$ 79
$ 1
$ (80 ) $ 72

Total comprehensive income (loss) $ 61
$ 68
$ (7 ) $ (61 ) $ 61


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the three months ended March 31, 2019

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Sales	$	—	$	465	$	143	$	(17)	$	591
Cost of sales	—		300		105		(17)		388
Gross profit	—		165		38		—		203

Selling, general and administrative expenses	2		90		21		—		113
Net legacy and separation-related expenses	3		—		—		—		3
Equity and other (income) expenses, net	—		(14)		5		—		(9)
Operating (loss) income	(5)		89		12		—		96
Net pension and other postretirement plan income	—		(3)		—		—		(3)
Net interest and other financing expenses	15		2		2		—		19
(Loss) income before income taxes	(20)		90		10		—		80
Income tax (benefit) expense	(6)		21		2		—		17
Equity in net income of subsidiaries	(77)		(8)		—		85		—
Net income	$	63	$	77	$	8	$	(85)	$	63

Total comprehensive income	$	63	$	77	$	9	$	(86)	$	63

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2017
(In millions) Valvoline Inc.
(Parent Issuer) Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ —
$ 18
$ 97
$ —
$ 115
Accounts receivable, net —
84
435
(101 ) 418
Inventories, net —
94
76
—
170
Other current assets —
29
3
—
32
Total current assets —
225
611
(101 ) 735
Noncurrent assets
Property, plant and equipment, net —
346
38
—
384
Goodwill and intangibles, net —
391
2
—
393
Equity method investments —
33
—
—
33
Investment in subsidiaries 622
444
—
(1,066 ) —
Deferred income taxes 127
55
14
—
196
Other noncurrent assets 254
78
6
(252 ) 86
Total noncurrent assets 1,003
1,347
60
(1,318 ) 1,092
Total assets $ 1,003
$ 1,572
$ 671
$ (1,419 ) $ 1,827

Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit
Current Liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt $ 19
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 19
Trade and other payables —
192
50
(101 ) 141
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 119
55
34
—
208
Total current liabilities 138
247
84
(101 ) 368
Noncurrent liabilities
Long-term debt 1,025
2
120
—
1,147
Employee benefit obligations —
309
22
—
331
Other noncurrent liabilities 34
392
1
(252 ) 175
Total noncurrent liabilities 1,059
703
143
(252 ) 1,653
Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' (deficit) equity (194 ) 622
444
(1,066 ) (194 )
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit/equity $ 1,003
$ 1,572
$ 671
$ (1,419 ) $ 1,827


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the six months ended March 31, 2020

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Sales	$	—	$	948	$	262	$	(25)	$	1,185
Cost of sales	—		606		186		(25)		767
Gross profit	—		342		76		—		418

Selling, general and administrative expenses	3		163		47		—		213
Net legacy and separation-related income	(1)		—		—		—		(1)
Equity and other (income) expenses, net	—		(26)		11		—		(15)
Operating (loss) income	(2)		205		18		—		221
Net pension and other postretirement plan income	—		(18)		—		—		(18)
Net interest and other financing expenses	51		3		—		—		54
(Loss) income before income taxes	(53)		220		18		—		185
Income tax (benefit) expense	(14)		58		5		—		49
Equity in net income of subsidiaries	(175)		(13)		—		188		—
Net income	$	136	$	175	$	13	$	(188)	$	136

Total comprehensive income	$	119	$	158	$	—	$	(158)	$	119

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
As of September 30, 2017
(In millions) Valvoline Inc.
(Parent Issuer) Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ —
$ 99
$ 102
$ —
$ 201
Accounts receivable, net —
57
389
(61 ) 385
Inventories, net —
94
81
—
175
Other current assets —
25
4
—
29
Total current assets —
275
576
(61 ) 790
Noncurrent assets
Property, plant and equipment, net —
353
38
—
391
Goodwill and intangibles, net —
333
2
—
335
Equity method investments —
30
—
—
30
Investment in subsidiaries 606
447
—
(1,053 ) —
Deferred income taxes 145
122
14
—
281
Other noncurrent assets 314
80
6
(312 ) 88
Total noncurrent assets 1,065
1,365
60
(1,365 ) 1,125
Total assets $ 1,065
$ 1,640
$ 636
$ (1,426 ) $ 1,915

Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt $ —
$ —
$ 75
$ —
$ 75
Current portion of long-term debt 15
—
—
—
15
Trade and other payables 2
198
53
(61 ) 192
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 103
60
33
—
196
Total current liabilities 120
258
161
(61 ) 478
Noncurrent liabilities
Long-term debt 1,032
2
—
—
1,034
Employee benefit obligations —
321
21
—
342
Other noncurrent liabilities 30
453
7
(312 ) 178
Total noncurrent liabilities 1,062
776
28
(312 ) 1,554
Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' (deficit) equity (117 ) 606
447
(1,053 ) (117 )
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit/equity $ 1,065
$ 1,640
$ 636
$ (1,426 ) $ 1,915


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the six months ended March 31, 2019

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Sales	$	—	$	905	$	275	$	(32)	$	1,148
Cost of sales	—		593		201		(32)		762
Gross profit	—		312		74		—		386

Selling, general and administrative expenses	5		171		42		—		218
Net legacy and separation-related expenses	3		—		—		—		3
Equity and other (income) expenses, net	—		(27)		9		—		(18)
Operating (loss) income	(8)		168		23		—		183
Net pension and other postretirement plan income	—		(5)		—		—		(5)
Net interest and other financing expenses	30		3		3		—		36
(Loss) income before income taxes	(38)		170		20		—		152
Income tax (benefit) expense	(11)		41		6		—		36
Equity in net income of subsidiaries	(143)		(14)		—		157		—
Net income	$	116	$	143	$	14	$	(157)	$	116

Total comprehensive income	$	110	$	137	$	11	$	(148)	$	110

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the three months ended December 31, 2017
(In millions) Valvoline Inc.
(Parent Issuer) Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities $ (2 ) $ 52
$ (30 ) $ —
$ 20
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment —
(13 ) (1 ) —
(14 )
Acquisitions, net of cash required —
(60 ) —
—
(60 )
Return of advance from subsidiary 60
—
—
(60 ) —
Total cash provided by (used in) investing activities 60
(73 ) (1 ) (60 ) (74 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs of $1 —
—
44
—
44
Repayments on borrowings (4 ) —
—
—
(4 )
Repurchase of common stock (37 ) —
—
—
(37 )
Purchase of additional ownership in subsidiary —
—
(15 ) —
(15 )
Cash dividends paid (15 ) —
—
—
(15 )
Other financing activities (2 ) —
(2 ) —
(4 )
Other intercompany activity, net —
(60 ) —
60
—
Total cash (used in) provided by financing activities (58 ) (60 ) 27
60
(31 )
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents —
—
(1 ) —
(1 )
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents —
(81 ) (5 ) —
(86 )
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year —
99
102
—
201
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period $ —
$ 18
$ 97
$ —
$ 115


Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
As of March 31, 2020

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	625	$	149	$	—	$	774
Accounts receivable, net	—		212		281		(141)		352
Inventories, net	—		119		90		—		209
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		39		10		—		49
Total current assets	—		995		530		(141)		1,384
Noncurrent assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	—		432		77		—		509
Operating lease assets	—		215		39		—		254
Goodwill and intangibles, net	—		427		76		—		503
Equity method investments	—		37		—		—		37
Investment in subsidiaries	1,770		493		—		(2,263)		—
Deferred income taxes	63		22		14		—		99
Other noncurrent assets	2		117		12		—		131
Total noncurrent assets	1,835		1,743		218		(2,263)		1,533
Total assets	$	1,835	$	2,738	$	748	$	(2,404)	$	2,917

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities


Trade and other payables	$	118	$	128	$	81	$	(141)	$	186
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	13		162		40		—		215
Total current liabilities	131		290		121		(141)		401
Noncurrent liabilities
Long-term debt	1,912		1		90		—		2,003
Employee benefit obligations	—		345		16		—		361
Operating lease liabilities	—		199		27		—		226
Other noncurrent liabilities	29		133		1		—		163
Total noncurrent liabilities	1,941		678		134		—		2,753
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity	(237)		1,770		493		(2,263)		(237)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit / equity	$	1,835	$	2,738	$	748	$	(2,404)	$	2,917

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the three months ended December 31, 2016
(In millions) Valvoline Inc.
(Parent Issuer) Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities $ 89
$ 75
$ (76 ) $ —
$ 88
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment —
(9 ) —
—
(9 )
Other investing activities, net —
(1 ) —
—
(1 )
Total cash used in investing activities —
(10 ) —
—
(10 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Net transfers to Ashland (2 ) —
—
—
(2 )
Proceeds from borrowings —
—
75
—
75
Repayments on borrowings (79 ) —
—
—
(79 )
Cash dividends paid (10 ) —
—
—
(10 )
Other intercompany activity, net 2
(2 ) —
—
—
Total cash (used in) provided by financing activities (89 ) (2 ) 75
—
(16 )
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents —
—
2
—
2
Increase in cash and cash equivalents —
63
1
—
64
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year —
94
78
—
172
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period $ —
$ 157
$ 79
$ —
$ 236


Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
As of September 30, 2019

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	59	$	100	$	—	$	159
Accounts receivable, net	—		181		338		(118)		401
Inventories, net	—		110		84		—		194
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		35		8		—		43
Total current assets	—		385		530		(118)		797
Noncurrent assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	—		431		67		—		498
Goodwill and intangibles, net	—		423		81		—		504
Equity method investments	—		34		—		—		34
Investment in subsidiaries	1,157		546		—		(1,703)		—
Deferred income taxes	48		61		14		—		123
Other noncurrent assets	3		96		9		—		108
Total noncurrent assets	1,208		1,591		171		(1,703)		1,267
Total assets	$	1,208	$	1,976	$	701	$	(1,821)	$	2,064

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt	$	15	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	15
Trade and other payables	80		127		82		(118)		171
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	9		175		53		—		237
Total current liabilities	104		302		135		(118)		423
Noncurrent liabilities
Long-term debt	1,326		1		—		—		1,327
Employee benefit obligations	—		369		18		—		387

Other noncurrent liabilities	36		147		2		—		185
Total noncurrent liabilities	1,362		517		20		—		1,899
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity	(258)		1,157		546		(1,703)		(258)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit / equity	$	1,208	$	1,976	$	701	$	(1,821)	$	2,064


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the six months ended March 31, 2020

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(448)	$	619	$	(17)	$	—	$	154
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment	—		(40)		(17)		—		(57)

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(11)		—		—		(11)

Other investing activities, net	—		(1)		(2)		—		(3)

Cash flows used in investing activities	—		(52)		(19)		—		(71)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs	1,042		—		90		—		1,132
Repayments on borrowings	(475)		—		—		—		(475)
Premium paid to extinguish debt	(15)		—		—		—		(15)
Repurchases of common stock	(60)		—		—		—		(60)

Cash dividends paid	(42)		—		—		—		(42)
Other financing activities	(2)		(1)		—		—		(3)

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	448		(1)		90		—		537
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	—		—		(4)		—		(4)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	—		566		50		—		616
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of year	—		59		100		—		159
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period	$	—	$	625	$	150	$	—	$	775


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the six months ended March 31, 2019

(In millions)	Valvoline Inc. (Parent Issuer)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Cash flows provided by operating activities	$	18	$	65	$	51	$	—	$	134
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment	—		(40)		(8)		—		(48)

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(13)		(22)		—		(35)
Other investing activities, net	—		—		(2)		—		(2)

Cash flows used in investing activities	—		(53)		(32)		—		(85)
Cash flows from financing activities



Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs	87		—		75		—		162
Repayments on borrowings	(63)		—		(74)		—		(137)


Cash dividends paid	(40)		—		—		—		(40)
Other financing activities	(2)		(2)		(1)		—		(5)

Cash flows used in financing activities	(18)		(2)		—		—		(20)
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	—		—		—		—		—
Increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	—		10		19		—		29
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of year	—		20		76		—		96
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period	$	—	$	30	$	95	$	—	$	125

NOTE 1615 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Dividend declared

On ~~January 31, 2018,~~April 22, 2020, the Board of Directors of Valvoline declared a quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.0745~~$0.113 per share onof Valvoline common stock. The dividend is payable on ~~March~~June 15, ~~2018~~2020 to shareholders of record on ~~March 1, 2018.~~May 29, 2020.

~~Share repurchases~~China plant credit facility

~~The~~On May 6, 2020, the Company ~~repurchased over 1~~entered into a five-year credit agreement for approximately $40 million ~~shares for an aggregate amount~~to finance the completion of ~~$29 million~~construction of the blending and packaging plant in China. Borrowings will bear interest at the ~~period from January 1, 2018 through February 6, 2018. The Company has $32 million in aggregate share repurchase authorization remaining under~~local prime rate less the ~~$150 million share repurchase authorization approved~~applicable interest rate margin and will be secured by the ~~Board of Directors on April 24, 2017 (the “2017 Share Repurchase Authorization”).~~

~~In addition, on January 31, 2018,~~assets underlying the Board of Directors of Valvoline authorized the Company to repurchase up to $300 million of its common stock through September 30, 2020, which amount is in addition to the amount remaining under the 2017 Share Repurchase Authorization. The timing and amount of any purchases of shares of common stock will be based on available liquidity, general business and market conditions and other factors, including alternative investment opportunities.

project.

~~CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING~~ FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than statements of historical ~~facts,~~fact, including estimates, projections, and statements related to the ~~Company's~~Company’s business plans and operating results, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Valvoline has identified some of these forward-looking statements with words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “estimates,” “is likely,” “predicts,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “may,” “will,” ~~“should”~~“should,” and “intends” and the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are based on Valvoline’s current expectations, estimates, projections, and assumptions as of the date such statements are made and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. ~~Additional information regarding these risks and uncertainties~~Factors that might cause such differences include, but are ~~described in Valvoline’s filings with~~not limited to, those discussed under the ~~Securities and Exchange Commission, including in the~~headings “Risk ~~Factors” and Management’s~~Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of ~~Operations” sections of~~Operations,” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Valvoline’s most recently filed periodic reports on Forms 10-K and ~~Form 10-Q, which are available on Valvoline’s website at http://investors.valvoline.com/sec-filings or on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.~~10-Q. Valvoline assumes no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the ~~future.~~future, unless required by law.


Index to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			Page

Business Overview			34
Results of Operations - Consolidated Review			41
Results of Operations - Reportable Segment Review			45
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources			49
New Accounting Pronouncements			53
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates			53

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as well as the ~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Valvoline Inc. (“Valvoline” or the “Company”) is a worldwide ~~producer,~~ marketer and supplier of engine and automotive maintenance products and services. Established in 1866, Valvoline’s heritage spans over 150 years, during which it has developed powerful name recognition across multiple product and service channels. In addition to the iconic Valvoline-branded passenger car motor oils and other automotive lubricant products, Valvoline provides a wide array of lubricants used in heavy duty equipment, as well as automotive chemicals and fluids designed to improve engine performance and lifespan. Valvoline’s premium branded product offerings enhance its ~~high quality~~high-quality reputation and provide customers with solutions that address a wide variety of needs.

In the United States and Canada, ~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s products and services are sold through more than 1,400 franchised and company-owned quick-lube service center stores, to retailers with over ~~30,000~~50,000 retail outlets, and to installer customers with over ~~12,000 locations, and through 1,139 Valvoline branded franchised and company-owned stores.~~15,000 locations. Valvoline also has a strong international presence with products sold in ~~approximately~~more than 140 countries.

Valvoline has three reportable segments: Quick Lubes, Core North America, ~~Quick Lubes,~~ and International, with certain corporate and non-operational items included in Unallocated and ~~Other~~other to reconcile to consolidated results.

BUSINESS STRATEGY

To deliver on ~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s key business and growth strategies in ~~2018,~~fiscal 2020, the Company is focused on:

•Aggressively growing ~~and strengthening Valvoline’s quick lube network~~Quick Lubes through organic service center expansion and opportunistic acquisitions, while enhancing retail service capabilities through a consistent and preferred customer experience delivered by hands-on experts;

•Strengthening and maintaining the foundation in Core North America by leveraging investments in technology and marketing to drive speed, efficiency and value across the business and customer interactions, while increasing penetration of Valvoline’s full product portfolio;

•Accelerating International market share growth through continued development of and investment in key emerging and high value markets;

•Broadening capabilities to serve future transport vehicles by developing relationships with original equipment manufacturers and leveraging innovation in the development of future products and light services in direct and adjacent markets; and

•Accelerating the shift to a services-driven business by leveraging customer relationships and experiences to develop new capabilities globally.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

In late January, the impact of COVID-19 was concentrated in China. COVID-19 spread quickly, and the World Health Organization declared it a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility in the global economy and led to reduced economic activity. There have been extraordinary actions taken by international, federal, state, and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world, including restricting non-essential travel, quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders, and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to modify or cease normal operations to minimize personal interaction and contact. Though in certain regions, restrictions are in the early stages of being reduced, it remains unclear how long restrictions will remain in place, or whether there could be a resurgence of the spread of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant economic disruption during the quarter, which modestly impacted Valvoline's results and is expected to continue to have an adverse effect beyond March 31, 2020 primarily as a result of lower volumes and sales. While the Company cannot predict the duration or the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic or the impact it will continue to have on Valvoline's business, results of operations, or liquidity, it is important to share the impact to-date, how the Company's response is progressing, and how Valvoline's results and financial condition may change going forward.

Retail and Manufacturing Operations

As automotive maintenance has generally been deemed essential business during the pandemic, Valvoline has substantially maintained its operations and continued to serve its customers to help engines run and necessary vehicles remain reliably on the road. Valvoline’s wholly-owned lubricant blending and packaging plants and company-owned Quick Lubes retail service center stores have remained open and operational during the pandemic. Over 97% of Valvoline's franchised service center stores have remained open, with certain franchises reducing hours or temporarily closing at the discretion of the respective independent operators. The Company remains committed to keeping as many of its stores open as possible for the communities they serve. Short-term incremental pay and benefit programs, including additional paid sick leave and increased pay rates for hourly and

salaried store ~~expansion, opportunistic, high-quality acquisitions~~employees were introduced in ~~both core~~Quick Lubes to recognize front-line Company team members. In response to the abrupt decline in miles driven due to restrictions and ~~new~~the resulting significant volume and sales declines in the second half of March and continuing in April and to date, Valvoline has responded quickly, including flexing store labor at company-owned retail service center stores and adjusting shifts across its lubricant blending and packaging plants and throughout its distribution networks. In China, after a temporary suspension, construction on the lubricants plant resumed in March 2020 with its opening expected in early fiscal 2021.

Remote Work Arrangements

Valvoline took global actions designed to help further prevent the spread of COVID-19, including implementing work-from-home arrangements. Beginning March 18, 2020, employees other than those in Valvoline's retail service center stores, production and distribution facilities began working remotely in virtually all locations globally except China where work-from-home protocols were implemented earlier and substantially ended in March. These remote work arrangements remain in place and have been designed to allow for continued operation of certain business-critical functions, including financial reporting systems and internal control, which have incorporated remote work arrangements using appropriate digital tools.

Liquidity

Valvoline's revenues are primarily generated from the sale and service delivery of engine and automotive maintenance products to its customers. Accordingly, recent declines in miles driven as a result of a reduction in the ability or willingness to travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic has and is expected to continue to adversely impact Valvoline's volumes and results of operations. Miles driven were significantly lower due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which is estimated to have impacted most of Valvoline's key markets ~~within~~by late March 2020 and continued into April and to-date. While management believes Valvoline has sufficient liquidity to meet its operating cash needs, required pension and other postretirement plan contributions, debt servicing obligations, and tax-related and other contractual commitments for the next twelve months, certain precautionary steps were taken as outlined herein in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to strengthen the Company's cash position.

As a precautionary measure to enhance financial flexibility in response to the uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company borrowed under its Revolver and Trade Receivables Facility to increase its cash balance by $540 million in late March. As of March 31, 2020, Valvoline ~~Instant Oil Change (“VIOC”) system~~had nearly $775 million in cash and ~~strong sales efforts~~cash equivalents available for working capital, general corporate purposes, or other purposes permitted under its borrowing facilities. Further, Valvoline suspended its share repurchase program and is taking other steps to ~~partner~~preserve cash, including limiting or deferring certain non-essential operating expenses and delaying certain capital expenditures, while continuing to invest in high-return, long-term strategic growth initiatives. Since drawing from its credit facilities in March, the Company has not used any of the related cash proceeds.

To further increase liquidity, Valvoline amended its Trade Receivables Facility on April 22, 2020, to modify the eligibility requirements for certain receivables, which had the effect of increasing the Company’s remaining borrowing capacity to $85 million based on the availability of eligible receivables. As a result, the Company has access to more than $875 million in total liquidity, including approximately $775 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand at the end of April, with ~~new Express Care operators,~~no meaningful maturities of its outstanding borrowings until 2024. The Company continues to evaluate options to enhance its liquidity and financial flexibility.

COVID-19 Relief

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. federal government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). Among other provisions, the CARES Act includes forms of payroll and income tax relief for corporations. Enactment of the CARES Act did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020. The Company continues to examine the impacts the CARES Act may have on its business and condensed consolidated financial statements and currently expects modest cash flow benefits in fiscal 2020 and 2021 related to the deferred payment of certain employer payroll-related taxes and accelerated tax deductions. Additionally, other non-U.S.

governments are providing various forms of COVID-19 relief, which Valvoline is monitoring and evaluating to determine whether the Company may qualify for additional benefits.

Enhanced Safety Standards

Valvoline's priority remains the health and safety of its employees, customers and business partners. Quick Lubes drive-through, stay-in-your-car service experience previously produced minimal contact with customers, and the Company took additional actions to modify in-store procedures to further reduce contact between store teams and customers. Procedures in Valvoline's plants, service center stores and offices have also been modified to encourage social distancing and proper handwashing, increase cleaning cycles, adjust labor and shifts, and provide protective equipment. Valvoline has taken actions designed to help further prevent the spread of COVID-19, including restricting travel and implementing broad work-from-home protocols, in addition to ~~continued same-store sales growth~~following government regulations in each of its locations.

Franchisee Support

Valvoline is providing its franchisees with flexibility to respond to the evolving circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain franchisees elected to reduce store operating hours or temporarily close some stores in order to better align to local changes in demand. Additionally, other operational changes were made to in-store operating procedures, enhancing the safe operating environment already afforded through Valvoline's stay-in-your-car service experience. Valvoline's franchises were provided access to detailed information on stimulus-related provisions and ~~profitability within Valvoline’s existing VIOC system stores by attracting new~~federal employee assistance programs that may be utilized to provide financial relief. Valvoline is also providing various types of financial assistance to support the long-term health of its Quick Lubes franchisee network, including providing low-interest term loans, waiving royalties for one-and-a-half months, and temporarily extending payment terms to provide increased financial flexibility and enable franchisees to better support their employees and customers as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Valvoline does not expect these actions to have an impact on its ability to meet its cash needs in the ordinary course, or to comply with the covenants under its debt obligations.

COVID-19 Support

Valvoline made contributions to relief and ~~increasing customer satisfaction, customer loyalty~~response funds in the U.S. and ~~average transaction size;~~

~~accelerating international growth across key markets where demand for premium lubricants is growing, such as~~China and donated protective equipment in China, India and ~~select countries~~the U.S. Valvoline's support also extended to its customers, as orders were supplied and delivered with the same on-time metrics through no-contact deliveries, and in ~~Latin America, by building strong distribution channels in under-served~~some cases, extended payment terms were permitted. Valvoline provided benefits to its employees to cover the cost of COVID-19 testing, promoted its telehealth benefits, amended its savings plan to enhance hardship loan eligibility and payment terms, and provided additional paid sick leave for quarantined employees.

~~geographies, replacing less successful~~Forward Looking Information

Given the unprecedented and rapidly evolving uncertainty related to COVID-19, Valvoline withdrew all previously-issued fiscal 2020 guidance on March 24, 2020. In the near term, the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have a significant adverse impact on Valvoline's business and results of operations for the three months ending June 30, 2020. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Valvoline will depend on future developments, such as and among others, the ultimate duration and severity of the outbreak, its impact on suppliers, consumers, franchisees, retailers, installers, distributors and ~~improving brand awareness among installer~~other customers, ~~in those regions; and~~

~~leveraging innovation, both in terms of product development, packaging, marketing~~how quickly normal economic conditions, including miles driven and the ~~implementation~~demand for Valvoline's products and services can resume, and whether the pandemic leads to recessionary conditions in any key markets.

While the potential magnitude and duration of ~~Valvoline’s new digital infrastructure,~~the business and economic impacts of COVID-19 are uncertain, assuming the phased reduction of restrictions continues throughout the third fiscal quarter, this may lead to ~~strengthen market share~~gradual, but modest improvements in miles driven over the coming months. Based on third-party estimates, miles driven continues to be significantly depressed in April though there have been early signs suggesting modest improvements late in the month. Likewise, volumes were substantially down across Valvoline's reportable

segments in the first half of April 2020 with recent trends showing some early signs of improvement in the second half of the month though still below pre-COVID levels. Although no assurance can be given, management expects this, together with its competitive advantages and ~~profitability.~~brand strength, strong balance sheet, liquidity position, and the Company’s operating plan, will provide sufficient liquidity for the Company to be well-positioned to manage through challenging operating conditions and eventual recovery to fund operations for at least the next twelve months. If there is a prolonged reduction in miles driven or deferrals of preventative maintenance, management may be required to take additional actions to protect the ongoing operations of the business, which could include further reductions in operating expenses and spend, among other measures.

~~FIRST~~For additional information on the impact and potential impact of COVID-19 on Valvoline, refer to Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

SECOND FISCAL QUARTER ~~2018~~2020 OVERVIEW

The following were the significant events for the ~~first~~second fiscal quarter of ~~2018,~~2020, each of which is discussed more fully in this Quarterly Report on Form ~~10-Q as referenced below:~~10-Q:

~~First~~•Valvoline reported net income of $63 million and diluted earnings per share of $0.33 in the three months ended March 31, 2020, which were flat over the prior year despite facing reduced volumes and sales from the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

•Quick Lubes saw lower transactions in March at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which coupled with an increased allocation of shared corporate costs, resulted in lower segment profitability from the prior year.

•Core North America profitability benefited from lower raw material costs and improvements from the operating expense reduction program launched last fiscal year, while the COVID-19 impacts on the segment in the quarter ~~results~~ were ~~driven~~generally limited.

•International volumes and sales declined 9% and 14%, respectively, from the prior year quarter associated with disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic that spread from China in late January and expanded to most regions by ~~strong~~the end of March. China sales ~~led by same-store sales growth~~and volume trends improved in ~~VIOC, growth in premium product mix across all reportable segments~~March and ~~continued volume gains in international markets.~~ construction on the lubricant plant resumed with the cessation of local work-from-home protocols.

•The Company ~~also continues~~completed the issuance of 4.250% 2030 Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $600 million and used the proceeds to ~~be focused on margin expansion~~redeem its 5.500% 2024 Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $375 million and ~~cost management to drive profitability improvements. Valvoline's gross profit as a percentage~~pay related expenses and fees, prepay $100 million of ~~sales (i.e., gross margin) was 35.8%~~its Term Loan and ~~declined due to increased raw material, new packaging and supply chain costs in~~use the ~~current quarter.~~remainder for general corporate purposes.

~~Tax reform legislation was enacted in~~

•During the ~~first~~second fiscal quarter of ~~2018~~2020, the Company paid a $0.113 per share cash dividend and ~~although~~repurchased approximately 3 million shares of Valvoline ~~expects~~common stock for $60 million prior to ultimately benefit from the legislation, expenses were recorded during the first quarter, including pre-tax expense of $7 million and income tax expense of $68 million primarily related to the reductionsuspending share repurchases in the federal statutory tax rate. Refer to the “Tax-Related Commitments” section in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations below as well as Note 8 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.late March 2020.

Valvoline acquired 56 company-owned stores within the Quick Lubes reportable segment in connection with the acquisition of business assets from Henley Bluewater LLC. Refer to Note 3 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Valvoline extended the maturity date by three years and increased the maximum funding capacity of the trade receivables securitization facility to $175 million and borrowed an additional $45 million during the quarter. Refer to Note 7 and the Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources section below for more details.

Use of Non-GAAP Measures

To aid in the understanding of ~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s ongoing business performance, certain items within this document are presented on an adjusted, non-GAAP basis. These non-GAAP measures ~~presented on both a consolidated and reportable segment basis~~ are not defined within U.S. GAAP and do not purport to be alternatives to net income/loss or cash flows from operating activities as measures of operating performance or cash flows. The following are the non-GAAP measures management has included and how management defines them:

~~Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”),~~•EBITDA, which management defines as net income/loss, plus income tax expense/benefit, net interest and other financing expenses, and depreciation and amortization;

•Adjusted EBITDA, which management defines as EBITDA adjusted for key items, as further described below, and net pension and other postretirement plan ~~non-service income~~expense/income; and ~~remeasurement adjustments; and~~

•Free cash flow, which management defines as operating cash flows less capital expenditures and certain other adjustments as applicable.

These measures are not prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and ~~contain management’s best estimates of cost allocations and shared resource costs. Management~~management believes the use of non-GAAP measures ~~on a consolidated and reportable segment basis~~ assists investors in understanding the ongoing operating performance of Valvoline’s business by presenting comparable financial results between periods. The non-GAAP information provided is used by Valvoline’s management and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies, because of differing methods used by other companies in calculating EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and free cash flow provide a supplemental presentation of Valvoline’s operating performance. For a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures, refer to the “Results of Operations” and “Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections below.

Due to depreciable assets associated with the nature of the ~~Company's~~Company’s operations and interest costs ~~associated with Valvoline's~~related to Valvoline’s capital structure, management believes EBITDA is an important supplemental measure to evaluate the ~~Company's consolidated and reportable segment~~Company’s operating results between periods on a comparable basis.

Management believes Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with a meaningful supplemental presentation of Valvoline’s operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of the following:

•Key items - Key items consist of income or expenses associated with certain unusual, infrequent or non-operational income or expenses not directly attributable to the underlying business, which management believes impacts the comparability of operational results between periods. Key items may consist of adjustments related to: the impairment of an equity investment; legacy businesses, including the separation from Ashland and associated impacts of related indemnities; significant acquisitions or ~~dispositions,~~divestitures; restructuring-related ~~matters,~~matters; and other matters that are non-operational or unusual in nature. Key items are considered by management to be outside the comparable operational performance of the business and are also often related to legacy matters or market-driven events that are not directly related to the underlying business and do not have an immediate, corresponding impact on the ~~Company's~~Company’s ongoing performance. Details with respect to the composition of key items recognized during the respective periods presented herein are set forth below in the “EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA” section of “Results of Operations” that follows.

•Net pension and other postretirement plan ~~non-service~~ expense/income ~~and remeasurement adjustments~~ - Net pension and other postretirement plan ~~non-service~~ expense/income ~~and remeasurement adjustments include~~includes several elements impacted by changes in plan assets and obligations that are primarily driven by changes in the debt and equity markets, as well as those that are predominantly legacy in nature and related to prior service to the Company from employees (e.g., retirees, former employees, current employees with frozen benefits). These elements include (i) interest cost, (ii) expected return on plan assets, (iii) actuarial gains/losses, and (iv) amortization of prior service ~~cost.~~cost/credit. Significant factors that can contribute to changes in these elements include changes in discount rates used to remeasure pension and other postretirement obligations on an annual basis or upon a qualifying remeasurement, differences between actual and expected returns on plan assets, and other changes in actuarial assumptions, such as the life expectancy of plan participants. Accordingly, management considers that these elements are more reflective of changes in current conditions in global financial markets (in particular, interest rates) and are outside the operational performance of the business and are also primarily legacy amounts that are not directly related to the underlying business and do not have an immediate, corresponding impact on the compensation and benefits provided to eligible employees for current service. Adjusted EBITDA will continue to include pension and other postretirement service costs related to current employee service as well as the costs of other benefits provided to employees for current service.

Management uses free cash flow as an additional non-GAAP metric of cash flow generation. By including capital expenditures and certain other adjustments, as applicable, management is able to provide ~~a better~~an indication of the ongoing cash being generated that is ultimately available for both debt and equity holders as well as other investment opportunities. Unlike cash flow from operating activities, free cash flow includes the impact of capital expenditures, providing a more complete picture of cash generation. Free cash flow has certain limitations, including that it does not reflect adjustments for certain non-discretionary cash flows, such as mandatory debt repayments.The amount of mandatory versus discretionary expenditures can vary significantly between periods.

Valvoline’s results of operations are presented based on Valvoline’s management structure and internal accounting practices. The structure and practices are specific to Valvoline; therefore, Valvoline’s financial results, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are not necessarily comparable with similar information for other comparable companies. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow each have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation from, or as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income and cash flows from operating activities as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because of these limitations, ~~you should rely primarily on~~ net income and cash flows from operating activities should primarily be relied upon as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and ~~use~~ EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and free cash flow should only be used as supplements. In evaluating EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and free cash flow, ~~you~~one should be aware that in the future Valvoline may incur expenses/income similar to those for which adjustments are made in calculating EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and free cash flow. Valvoline’s presentation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and free cash flow should not be construed as a basis to infer that Valvoline’s future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items.

Key Business Measures

Valvoline tracks its operating performance and manages its business using certain key measures, including system-wide, company-owned and franchised store counts and same-store sales; lubricant volumes sold by unconsolidated joint ventures; and total lubricant volumes sold and percentage of premium lubricants sold. Management believes these measures are useful to evaluating and understanding Valvoline’s operating performance and should be considered as supplements to, not substitutes for, Valvoline's sales and operating income, as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Sales in the Quick Lubes reportable segment are influenced by the number of service center stores and the business performance of those stores. Stores are considered open upon acquisition or opening for business. Temporary store closings remain in the respective store counts with only permanent store closures reflected in the end of period store counts and activity. Same-store-sales ("SSS") is defined as sales by Quick Lubes service center stores (company-owned, franchised and the combination of these for system-wide SSS), with new stores excluded from the metric until the completion of their first full fiscal year in operation as this period is generally required for new store sales levels to begin to normalize. Differences in SSS are calculated to determine the percentage change between comparative periods. Quick Lubes revenue is limited to sales at company-owned stores, sales of lubricants and other products to independent franchisees and Express Care operators, and royalties and other fees from franchised stores. Although Valvoline does not recognize store-level sales from franchised stores as revenue in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, management believes system-wide and franchised SSS comparisons and store counts are useful to assess the operating performance of the Quick Lube reportable segment and the operating performance of an average Quick Lubes store.

Lubricant volumes sold by unconsolidated joint ventures are used to measure the operating performance of the International operating segment. Valvoline does not record lubricant sales from unconsolidated joint ventures as International reportable segment revenue. International revenue is limited to sales by Valvoline's consolidated affiliates. Although Valvoline does not record sales by unconsolidated joint ventures as revenue in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, management believes lubricant volumes including and sold by unconsolidated joint ventures is useful to assess the operating performance of its investments in joint ventures.

Management also evaluates lubricant volumes sold in gallons by each of its reportable segments and premium lubricant percentage, defined as premium lubricant gallons sold as a percentage of U.S. branded lubricant

volumes for the Quick Lubes and Core North America segments and as a percentage of total segment lubricant volume for the International segment. Premium lubricant products generally provide a higher contribution to segment profitability and the percentage of premium volumes is useful to evaluating and understanding Valvoline’s operating performance.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated ~~Review~~review

The following table summarizes the results of the ~~Company's operations for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:~~Company’s operations:


	Three months ended
	December 31								Three months ended March 31											Six months ended March 31
	2017				2016				2020					2019				2020			2019
(In millions)				% of Sales			% of Sales	(In millions)			% of Sales			% of Sales			% of Sales			% of Sales
Sales	$	545		100.0%	$	489	100.0%	Sales	$	578	100.0%	$	591	100.0%	$	1,185	100.0%	$	1,148	100.0%
Gross profit	$	195		35.8%	$	185	37.8%	Gross profit	$	207	35.8%	$	203	34.3%	$	418	35.3%	$	386	33.6%
Net operating expenses	$	107		19.6%	$	91	18.6%	Net operating expenses	$	90	15.6%	$	107	18.1%	$	197	16.6%	$	203	17.7%
Operating income	$	88		16.1%	$	94	19.2%	Operating income	$	117	20.2%	$	96	16.2%	$	221	18.6%	$	183	15.9%
Net (loss) income	$	(10	)	(1.8)%	$	72	14.7%
Net income								Net income	$	63	10.9%	$	63	10.7%	$	136	11.5%	$	116	10.1%

Sales

Sales for the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017 increased $56~~2020 decreased $13 million, or ~~11%,~~2% compared to the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2016.~~2019. Sales for the six months ended March 31, 2020 increased $37 million, or 3%, compared to the six months ended March 31, 2019. The following table provides a reconciliation of the ~~change in sales:~~changes:


	Year over year change		Year over year change
(In millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2020		Six months ended March 31, 2020
Mix and price	$	16	$	46

Volume	(29)		(11)

Currency exchange	(5)		(7)
Acquisitions	5		9
Change in sales	$	(13)	$	37

(In millions) Year over year change - Quarter
Pricing $ 20
Volume 10
Product mix 6
Currency exchange 7
Acquisitions 13
Change in sales $ 56

~~The primary drivers of this increase were higher product pricing and higher volume levels, which increased sales by $20 million, or 4%, and $10 million, or 2%, respectively. During~~For the ~~current quarter,~~three months ended March 31, 2020, lubricant gallons sold decreased 6% to 41.7 million, negatively impacting sales as the volume declines in Quick Lubes and International from the COVID-19 slowdown coupled with volume declines in the installer and retail channels in Core North America. These declines were partially offset by the benefit of mix improvements primarily as a result of premium product mix improvements in Quick Lubes and Core North America, increased non-oil change services in Quick Lubes and improved channel mix in Core North America.

Key drivers of the increase in sales for the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period were channel and product mix improvements in Core North America, mix improvements in Quick Lubes, which drove higher average ticket, and the benefit of the Eastern European acquisition completed in late fiscal 2019. Lubricant gallons sold decreased 2% to ~~43.8 million. Favorable changes~~85.1 million, which unfavorably impacted sales as the volume declines in ~~product mix with increases~~Core North America and International more than offset the impact of volume gains in Quick Lubes. Also negatively impacting sales for the ~~percentage of sales of premium lubricants across all reportable segments and favorable foreign~~six months ended March 31, 2020 was unfavorable currency ~~exchange increased sales by $6 million and $7 million, respectively. Acquisitions within the Quick Lubes reportable segment increased sales by $13 million, or 3%, in the current quarter.~~exchange.

The changes to reportable segment sales and the drivers thereof are discussed in further detail in the “Reportable Segment Review” section below.

Gross profit

Gross profit ~~margin was 35.8%~~ for the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 increased $4 million compared to ~~37.8% in~~ the ~~prior year quarter. Gross~~three months ended March 31, 2019, while gross profit increased ~~$10~~$32 million ~~and~~for the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2019. The table below provides a reconciliation of the ~~change:~~changes:


	Year over year change		Year over year change
(In millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2020		Six months ended March 31, 2020
Volume and mix	$	(3)	$	17

Price and cost	8		16
Currency exchange	(2)		(2)
Acquisitions	1		1

Change in gross profit	$	4	$	32

(In millions) Year over year change - Quarter
Volume and product mix $ 7
Acquisitions 3
Currency exchange 2
Price and cost (2 )
Change in gross profit $ 10

~~The increase~~For the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, the increases in gross profit ~~was~~were largely driven by the benefits from the operating expense reduction program that began in fiscal 2019 and to a lesser extent, favorable adjustments to promotion-related cost estimates and a more stable and favorable raw material cost environment. Mix improvements in products and services, in addition to channel mix in Core North America also contributed to gross profit improvements in each period and more than offset the declines in volume as a result of the COVID-19 slowdown during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The increases in gross profit margin of 1.5% and 1.7% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods were primarily driven by ~~higher volume levels~~a more favorable cost structure primarily as a result of the operating expense reduction program and favorable changes in product mix of $7 million, or 4%. Additional profits generated by acquisitions of Quick Lubes locations and favorable foreign currency exchange increased gross profit by $3 million and $2 million, respectively. Lower product margins of $2 million were attributed to higher product costs primarily driven by new product packaging as well as increasedbenefits from the current raw material ~~costs associated with~~and cost environment. The benefits from mix improvements also contributed to the ~~hurricanes~~increase in the ~~late summer of 2017.~~six months ended March 31, 2020.

The changes to reportable segment gross profit and the drivers thereof are discussed in further detail in the “Reportable Segment Review” section below.

Net operating expenses

~~Net operating expenses were $107 million or 19.6% of sales for the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to $91 million or 18.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2016.~~ The table below provides ~~further~~ details of the components of net operating ~~expenses during each period:~~expenses:


	Three months ended
	December 31											Three months ended March 31														Six months ended March 31
	2017					2016						2020						2019						2020				2019
(In millions)				% of Sales					% of Sales		(In millions)			% of Sales				% of Sales				% of Sales				% of Sales
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	114		20.9	%	$	95		19.4	%	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	96	16.6	%	$	113	19.1	%	$	213	18.0	%	$	218	19.0	%
Separation costs	2			0.4	%	6			1.2	%
Equity and other income	(9		)	(1.7	)%	(10		)	(2.0	)%
Net legacy and separation-related expenses (income)											Net legacy and separation-related expenses (income)	—		—	%	3		0.5	%	(1)		(0.1)	%	3		0.3	%
Equity and other income, net											Equity and other income, net	(6)		(1.0)	%	(9)		(1.5)	%	(15)		(1.3)	%	(18)		(1.6)	%
Net operating expenses	$	107		19.6	%	$	91		18.6	%	Net operating expenses	$	90	15.6	%	$	107	18.1	%	$	197	16.6	%	$	203	17.7	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses ~~were $114~~decreased $17 million ~~or 20.9% of sales,~~and $5 million in the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017 as~~2020, respectively, compared to ~~$95 million, or 19.4%~~the prior year periods. These declines were largely driven by decreases in compensation-related expenses, primarily due to reduced full year earnings expectations and reduced travel expense resulting from the impacts of ~~sales,~~the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, restructuring and related expenses were lower due to the commencement of the cost savings program in the prior year. These decreases were partially offset by higher rent expense due to the reclassification of a build-to-suit arrangement in adoption of the lease accounting standard, in addition to increased software and hardware costs.

Net legacy and separation-related expenses decreased $3 million and $4 million for the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2016. Adjustments in~~2020, respectively, compared to the ~~estimates of the amounts payable to Ashland~~prior year periods primarily related to adjustments of indemnities estimated to be due under the Tax Matters Agreement as a result of tax reform legislation increased selling, general and administrative expense by $7 million in the current quarter. Acquisitions, depreciation and foreign currency exchange also contributed $4 million to the year-over-year increase in selling, general and administrative expenses. The remaining increase was primarily the result of planned increased spend related to the Company's investments in its teams and shared infrastructure expenses necessary to operate independently subsequent to the separation from Ashland, which phased in during fiscal 2017, including investments in sales and marketing to drive growth and profitability.Agreement.

The Company incurred $2 million of costs during the current period related to the separation from Ashland. The decline from the prior year quarter is due to the substantial completion of separation-related activities as Ashland distributed all of its remaining interest in Valvoline in May 2017, marking the completion of Valvoline's separation from Ashland.

Equity and other income, net decreased $1$3 million ~~during~~in the ~~current year period~~three and six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year ~~period~~periods. The declines were primarily driven by lower profit contributions from unconsolidated joint ventures as a ~~decrease~~result of ~~$2 million~~the widespread COVID-19 pandemic, in ~~income generated by research and development testing, partially offset by an increase of $1 million~~addition to incentives received during the prior year for operating in ~~equity income.~~a free trade zone outside the U.S.

Net pension and other postretirement plan ~~non-service~~ income ~~and remeasurement adjustments~~

Net pension and other postretirement plan ~~non-service~~ income for the three and ~~remeasurement adjustments decreased by $16~~six months ended March 31, 2020 increased $6 million and $13 million, respectively, from the prior year ~~period~~periods. This increase is generally due to lower interest cost and improved asset performance as a decrease of $8 million in pension and other postretirement plan non-service income primarily attributed to the pension de-risking actions taken by the Company in late fiscal 2017 to shift the U.S. qualified plan's target asset allocation toward more fixed income securities and better match the asset duration to thatresult of the ~~pension plan obligations, which resulted in a decrease in related recurring income. In addition, during the prior year quarter, a gain on other postretirement plan~~most recent remeasurement of ~~$8 million was recorded due to~~ the ~~discontinuation of certain postretirement health and life insurance benefits, compared to none during the current year period as there were no changes requiring remeasurement.~~plans.

Net interest and other financing ~~expense~~expenses

Net interest and other financing ~~expense~~expenses increased by $4$19 million and $18 million during the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020, respectively, compared to the ~~three months ended December 31, 2016. There was an increase in interest associated with higher outstanding debt at December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016~~prior year periods. These increases were primarily ~~related~~due to the ~~borrowing to fund~~loss on extinguishment in connection with the ~~U.S. qualified pension plan~~redemption of the 2024 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $400 million during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2017 and $45 million in new borrowings on the trade receivables securitization facility entered into during the three months ended December 31, 2017.early March 2020.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $94 million or an effective tax rate of 111.9% compared to an expense of $38 million or an effective tax rate of 34.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The ~~increase in~~following table summarizes income tax expense and the effective tax ~~rate~~rate:


	Three months ended March 31									Six months ended March 31
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Income tax expense	$	25		$	17		$	49		$	36
Effective tax rate percentage	28.4		%	21.3		%	26.5		%	23.7		%

The increase in effective tax rates for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year periods was principally attributed to tax reform legislation, which resulted in unfavorable discrete activity in the current year ~~was primarily attributed~~periods due to legislation enacted in India, while the ~~enactment~~clarification of ~~U.S.~~certain provisions of Kentucky tax reform legislation ~~during~~drove favorable discrete activity in the ~~period, which resulted in a net increase in income~~prior year periods. Higher pre-tax earnings also led to increased tax expense ~~of approximately $68 million that more than offset benefits related to the reduction~~ in the estimated annual effective tax rate for fiscal 2018. Specifically, the Company recorded provisional one-time adjustments to income tax expense of $67 million related to the remeasurement of net deferred tax assets due to the income tax rate reduction and $4 million for the deemed repatriation tax on unremitted non-U.S. earnings and profits, net of benefits related to the rate reduction, including $3 million as a result of adjustments to the estimates of the net amounts payable related to indemnities under the Tax Matters Agreement, as well as a reduction in the estimated annual blended effective tax rate for fiscal 2018 . Refer to the “Tax-Related Commitments” section in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations below for additional details regarding tax reform legislation and its estimated impacts to Valvoline.current year periods.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

The following table reconciles net income to EBITDA and Adjusted ~~EBITDA to net income for the interim periods presented:~~EBITDA:

Three months ended December 31
(In millions) 2017 2016
Net (loss) income $ (10 ) $ 72
Income tax expense 94
38
Net interest and other financing expense 14
10
Depreciation and amortization 11
9
EBITDA 109
129
Separation costs 2
6
Adjustment associated with Ashland tax indemnity 7
—
Non-service pension and other postretirement plan net periodic income ^(a)
(10 ) (18 )
Gain on pension and other postretirement plan remeasurements —
(8 )
Adjusted EBITDA $ 108
$ 109


	Three months ended March 31						Six months ended March 31
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	63	$	63	$	136	$	116
Income tax expense	25		17		49		36
Net interest and other financing expenses	38		19		54		36
Depreciation and amortization	15		14		31		28
EBITDA	141		113		270		216
Net pension and other postretirement plan income ^(a)	(9)		(3)		(18)		(5)
Net legacy and separation-related expenses (income)	—		3		(1)		3
Acquisition and divestiture-related costs	2		—		2		—
Restructuring and related expenses	—		8		1		8
Business interruption expenses	—		1		—		1
Adjusted EBITDA	$	134	$	122	$	254	$	223

(a) ~~Recurring~~Net pension and other postretirement plan income includes remeasurement gains and losses, when applicable, and recurring non-service pension and other postretirement net periodic income, which consists of interest cost, expected return on plan assets and amortization of prior service credit. Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.

The ~~decrease~~increases in ~~Adjusted~~adjusted EBITDA of $1$12 million ~~was~~and $31 for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, were primarily the result of lower expenses, including decreased incentive compensation costs due to ~~the performance~~lower full year earnings expectations as a result of the ~~Company's~~impacts of COVID-19, benefits from the operating ~~segments, notably higher planned investments in selling, general~~expense reduction program that began last year, and ~~administrative expenses and higher~~lower raw material ~~costs related~~costs. The expense reductions coupled with mix benefits in Quick Lubes and Core North America to ~~new product packaging and~~more than offset the ~~hurricanes partially offset by higher~~unfavorable volume ~~levels and favorable changes in product mix.~~impacts primarily as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

~~The changes to reportable segment EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and the drivers thereof are discussed in further detail in “Reportable Segment Review” below.~~

Reportable ~~Segment Review~~

segment review

Valvoline’s business is managed within the following three reportable segments:

•Quick Lubes - services the passenger car and light truck quick lube market ~~through: Company-owned~~through company-owned and independent franchised ~~VIOC~~ retail quick lube service ~~stores;~~center stores and ~~its~~independent Express Care stores ~~for independent operators~~that service vehicles with Valvoline products, as well as through investment in a joint venture in China to ~~purchase Valvoline motor oil and other products and display Valvoline branded signage.~~

pilot expansion of retail quick lube service center stores outside of North America.

Valvoline’s reportable segments are measured for profitability based on operating income; therefore, Valvoline does not generally allocate items to each reportable segment below operating income, such as net pension and other postretirement plan income, net interest and other financing expenses, or income tax expense. Operating income by segment includes the allocation of shared corporate costs, which are allocated consistently based on each segment’s proportional contribution to various financial measures.Valvoline does not allocate certain significant corporate and non-operational matters, including, but not limited to, company-wide restructuring activities and costs or adjustments that relate to former businesses that Valvoline no longer operates. These matters are attributed to Unallocated and other. Results of Valvoline’s reportable segments are presented based on how operations are managed internally, including how the results are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. The structure and practices are specific to Valvoline; therefore, the financial results of its reportable segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information for other comparable companies. ~~Valvoline's~~

Quick Lubes

Management believes the number of company-owned and franchised service center stores as provided in the following tables is useful to assess the operating performance of the Quick Lubes reportable ~~segments~~segment.


	Company-owned
	Second Quarter 2020		First Quarter 2020		Fourth Quarter 2019		Third Quarter 2019		Second Quarter 2019
Beginning of period		524		519		501		483		471
Opened		7		2		12		4		7
Acquired		1		7		6		13		5
Net conversions between company-owned and franchised		4		(4)		—		1		—
Closed		—		—		—		—		—
End of period		536		524		519		501		483

		Franchised^(a)
	Second Quarter 2020		First Quarter 2020		Fourth Quarter 2019		Third Quarter 2019		Second Quarter 2019
Beginning of period		883		866		851		844		830
Opened		8		13		15		11		15
Acquired		—		—		—		—		—
Net conversions between company-owned and franchised		(4)		4		—		(1)		—
Closed		(4)		—		—		(3)		(1)
End of period ^(b)		883		883		866		851		844

Total stores		1,419		1,407		1,385		1,352		1,327

(a)Valvoline’s franchisees are ~~measured for profitability based on operating income; therefore,~~distinct legal entities and Valvoline does not ~~generally allocate items~~consolidate the results of operations of its franchisees.

(b)Included in the end of period store count as of March 31, 2020 were 26 franchised service center stores temporarily closed at the discretion of the respective independent operators due to each reportable segment below operating income, such as non-service pension and other postretirement income and remeasurement adjustments, interest expense or income tax expense. Valvoline allocates all items above operating income to its reportable segments except for certain significant corporate and non-operational matters, including, but not limited to, company-wide restructuring activities and costs or adjustments that relate to former businessesthe impacts of COVID-19.

that Valvoline no longer operates. The service cost component of pension and other postretirement benefit plans is allocated to each reportable segment on a ratable basis, while the remaining non-service and remeasurement components of pension and other postretirement benefits costs are recorded below operating income and attributed to Unallocated and other.

The ~~EBITDA~~year over year change of 92 net new company-owned and ~~Adjusted EBITDA amounts presented within this section are provided as a means~~franchised stores was the result of 65 net openings and 27 acquired stores. Organic service center store growth was primarily related to enhance the understanding of financial measurements that Valvoline has internally determined to be relevant measures of comparison for each reportable segment. Each of these non-GAAP measures is defined as follows: EBITDA (operating income plus depreciationnew company-owned service center store openings and ~~amortization) and Adjusted EBITDA (EBITDA adjusted for~~franchisee expansion in key items, which may include adjustments for significant acquisitions or divestitures, as applicable). As Valvoline does not allocate items to each reportable segment below operating income, reportable segment EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are reconciled directly to operating income since it is the most directly comparable Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income caption.markets.

The following table ~~presents sales, operating income and statistical operating information by~~summarizes the results of the Quick Lubes reportable ~~segment for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:~~segment:

Three months ended December 31
(In millions) 2017 2016
Sales
Core North America $ 251
$ 237
Quick Lubes 154
127
International 140
125
$ 545
$ 489
Operating income (loss)
Core North America $ 43
$ 51
Quick Lubes 35
29
International 19
20
Total operating segments 97
100
Unallocated and other (9 ) (6 )
$ 88
$ 94
Depreciation and amortization
Core North America $ 4
$ 3
Quick Lubes 6
5
International 1
1
$ 11
$ 9
Operating information
Core North America
Lubricant sales gallons 23.8
24.1
Premium lubricants (percent of U.S. branded volumes) 47.8 % 43.8 %
Gross profit as a percent of sales ^(a)
37.7 % 40.9 %
Quick Lubes
Lubricant sales gallons 5.7
5.3
Premium lubricants (percent of U.S. branded volumes) 61.5 % 58.6 %
Gross profit as a percent of sales ^(a)
40.4 % 40.1 %
International
Lubricant sales gallons ^(b)
14.3
13.7
Lubricant sales gallons, including unconsolidated joint ventures 25.1
23.0
Premium lubricants (percent of lubricant volumes) 27.7 % 27.4 %
Gross profit as a percent of sales ^(a)
28.2 % 30.7 %


	Three months ended March 31									Six months ended March 31
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Sales	$	212		$	200		$	430		$	389
Operating income	$	40		$	44		$	78		$	82
Depreciation and amortization	$	10		$	9		$	20		$	17
Gross profit as a percent of sales ^(a)	36.6		%	39.6		%	37.0		%	39.0		%
Operating income as a percent of sales	18.9		%	22.0		%	18.1		%	21.1		%

Operating information
Lubricant sales gallons	7.1			7.0			14.4			13.5
Premium lubricants (percent of U.S. branded volumes)	67.5		%	64.6		%	67.0		%	64.2		%
Same-store sales growth ^(b) - Company-owned	0.5		%	10.2		%	3.4		%	10.0		%
Same-store sales growth ^(b) - Franchised^(c)	0.8		%	11.2		%	5.2		%	10.5		%
Same-store sales growth ^(b) - Combined^(c)	0.7		%	10.8		%	4.5		%	10.3		%

(a)Gross profit as a percent of sales is defined as sales, less cost of sales, divided by sales.

(b) ~~Excludes volumes from unconsolidated joint ventures.~~

~~Core North America~~

Core North America sales increased $14 million, or 6%, to $251 million during the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. This increase was primarily driven by higher product pricing and favorable changes in product mix of $13 million, or 5%, and $4 million, or 2%, respectively. These increases were partially offset by volume declines of approximately $4 million.

Gross profit decreased $2 million compared to the prior year quarter. Higher raw material costs decreased gross profit by $3 million and overall decreases in volume related to the timing of promotions drove declines in non-branded product sales which decreased gross profit by $2 million. These decreases were partially offset by gains in premium product mix which increased gross profit by $3 million. Gross profit margin decreased 3.2 percentage points to 37.7% for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 driven largely by incremental costs associated with the launch of new packaging and higher raw material costs attributed to the hurricanes in late 2017.

Selling, general and administrative expenses, which include corporate expense allocations of costs, increased $3 million, or 6%, during the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter due to planned increases related to the Company's investments in its teams and shared infrastructure expenses.

Operating income totaled $43 million in the current quarter compared to $51 million in the prior year quarter. EBITDA decreased $7 million to $47 million in the current quarter. EBITDA margin decreased 4.1 percentage points to 18.7%.

~~Core North America - EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation~~

The following EBITDA presentation is provided as a means to enhance the understanding of financial measurements that the Company has internally determined to be relevant measures of comparison for the results of Core North America. There were no unusual or key items that affected comparability for Adjusted EBITDA during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Three months ended December 31
(In millions) 2017 2016
Operating income $ 43
$ 51
Depreciation and amortization 4
3
EBITDA $ 47
$ 54

~~Quick Lubes~~

Quick Lubes sales increased $27 million, or 21%, to $154 million during the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. Volume increased sales by $8 million as lubricant sales gallons increased to 5.7 million gallons during the quarter. Increased pricing and favorable changes in product mix increased sales $5 million and $1 million, respectively. Acquisitions increased sales by $13 million.

Gross profit increased $11 million during the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. Increases in volumes and higher premium product mix combined to increase gross profit by approximately $4 million. Favorable pricing increased gross profit by $4 million, while acquisitions increased gross profit by $3 million. Gross profit margin during the current quarter increased 0.3 percentage points to 40.4% as a percentage of sales for the quarter, driven primarily by favorable margins due to increased ticket as a result of pricing improvements coupled with effective store execution, including increased transactions.

Selling, general and administrative expenses, which include corporate expense allocations of costs, increased $6 million, or 27%, during the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. The increase was primarily a result of planned increases related to the Company's investments in its teams and shared infrastructure expenses of $3 million, an increase of $1 million in operating costs as a result of acquisitions and an increase of $1 million in advertising costs.

Operating income totaled $35 million in the current quarter as compared to $29 million in the prior year quarter. EBITDA increased $7 million to $41 million in the current quarter. EBITDA margin decreased 0.2 percentage points to 26.6% in the current quarter.

~~Quick Lubes - Additional growth and sales information~~

~~Quick Lubes sales are influenced by the number of company-owned stores and the business performance of those stores. Through Quick Lubes,~~ Valvoline sells products to and receives royalty fees from VIOC franchisees. As a result, Quick Lubes sales are influenced by the number of units owned by franchisees and the business performance of franchisees. The following tables provide supplemental information regarding company-owned stores and franchisees that Valvoline believes is relevant to an understanding of the Quick Lubes business.

Company-owned
First Quarter 2018 Fourth Quarter 2017 Third Quarter 2017 Second Quarter 2017 First Quarter 2017

Beginning of period 384
383
374
347
342
Opened 2
2
1
—
—
Acquired —
1
—
28
—
Conversions between company-owned and franchise 56
—
9
—
5
Closed —
(2 ) (1 ) (1 ) —
End of period 442
384
383
374
347

Franchise
First Quarter 2018 Fourth Quarter 2017 Third Quarter 2017 Second Quarter 2017 First Quarter 2017

Beginning of period 743
730
734
729
726
Opened 11
15
6
7
10
Acquired —
—
—
—
—
Conversions between company-owned and franchise (56 ) —
(9 ) —
(5 )
Closed (1 ) (2 ) (1 ) (2 ) (2 )
End of period 697
743
730
734
729

Total VIOC Stores 1,139
1,127
1,113
1,108
1,076

The year over year change from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2016 is primarily driven by opening new company-owned stores and franchise locations, including the acquisition of Time-It Lube in the second quarter of 2017, which added 28 company-owned locations. In addition, the acquisition of 56 Henley Bluewater stores converted from franchises in the first quarter of 2018.

Three months ended December 31
2017 2016
Same-Store Sales Growth** - Company-owned 8.2 % 9.5 %
Same-Store Sales Growth** - Franchisee* 7.7 % 8.9 %
Same-Store Sales Growth** - Combined* 7.9 % 9.0 %

* Valvoline’s franchisees are distinct legal entities and Valvoline does not consolidate the results of operations of its franchisees.

** Valvoline has historically determineddetermines same-store sales growth on a fiscal year basis, with new stores excluded from the metric until the completion of their first full fiscal year in operation.

(c)Valvoline’s franchisees are distinct legal entities and Valvoline does not consolidate the results of operations of its franchisees.

Quick Lubes ~~- EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation~~

The following EBITDA presentation is provided as a means to enhance the understanding of financial measurements that the Company has internally determined to be relevant measures of comparison for the results of Quick Lubes. There were no unusual or key items that affected comparability for Adjusted EBITDA during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Three months ended December 31
(In millions) 2017 2016
Operating income $ 35
$ 29
Depreciation and amortization 6
5
EBITDA $ 41
$ 34

~~International~~

~~International~~ sales increased ~~$15~~$12 million, or ~~12%~~6%, ~~to $140 million during~~for the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. ~~Higher volume levels~~Sales increased $41 million, or 11%, for the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period. Premium mix improvements and ~~changes~~increases in ~~product mix~~non-oil change services combined to improve average ticket and increase sales ~~by $6 million, or 5%. Favorable foreign currency exchange increased sales by $6 million~~for the three and ~~favorable product pricing increased sales $3 million.~~six months ended March 31, 2020. Volumes were impacted in March due to limited travel as a result of shelter-in-place directives implemented across North America in response to COVID-19. Substantially all service center stores remained open, with fewer transactions adversely impacting year-over-year sales.

Gross profit margin decreased 3.0% and 2.0% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Gross profit margin was negatively impacted by increased $1labor costs, including those during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to higher costs associated with the ramp up phase of newly-built company stores within their first year of operation.

Operating income decreased $4 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year periods. Lower transactions in March at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with increased costs, including labor and the allocation of shared corporate costs, drove lower operating income.

Core North America

The following table summarizes the results of the Core North America reportable segment:


	Three months ended March 31									Six months ended March 31
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Sales	$	238		$	243		$	486		$	475
Operating income	$	47		$	40		$	93		$	71
Depreciation and amortization	$	4		$	4		$	8		$	8
Gross profit as a percent of sales ^(a)	37.2		%	34.2		%	36.7		%	33.0		%
Operating income as a percent of sales	19.7		%	16.5		%	19.1		%	14.9		%

Operating information
Lubricant sales gallons	20.9			22.4			42.3			44.1
Premium lubricants (percent of U.S. branded volumes)	57.7		%	53.5		%	56.8		%	51.7		%

(a)Gross profit as a percent of sales is defined as sales, less cost of sales, divided by sales.

Core North America sales decreased $5 million, or 3%2%, ~~during~~in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. ~~Increases~~Sales declines in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were primarily due to the Company's decision to not renew lower-margin installer channel business and lower branded volumes ~~and favorable changes~~within the retail channel, as expected. Sales increased $11 million, or 2%, in product mix combined to increase gross profits by $2 million. Favorable foreign currency exchange increased gross profit by $1 million, while higher product and supply chain costs resulted in a $2 million decrease in gross profit. Gross profit margin decreased by 2.5 percentage points to 28.2%the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year ~~quarter largely driven by higher~~period though volumes declined. Sales and volume decreases in the six months ended March 31, 2020 primarily related to the timing of distributor sales in addition to declines in lower-margin business. Partially offsetting volume declines in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and more than offsetting volume declines in the six months ended March 31, 2020 were product and channel mix improvements in addition to favorable adjustments to trade and promotion cost estimates. Ordering patterns across channels began to decline toward the end of March 2020 due to COVID-19, with more pronounced impacts expected to adversely affect segment results beginning in April as lower volumes of orders are fulfilled.

Gross profit margin increased 3.0% and 3.7% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Benefits from the more favorable cost structure primarily as a result of the operating expense reduction program that began last fiscal year in addition to lower raw material costs, as well as product and ~~supply chain~~channel mix improvements favorably impacted gross profit margin.

Operating income increased $7 million and $22 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Improved profitability was primarily result of the benefits of the operating expense reduction program, and to a lesser degree, lower raw material costs ~~in some markets~~ and favorable mix.

International

The following table summarizes the ~~lower contribution~~results of the International reportable segment:


	Three months ended March 31									Six months ended March 31
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Sales	$	128		$	148		$	269		$	284
Operating income	$	18		$	23		$	38		$	41
Depreciation and amortization	$	1		$	1		$	3		$	3
Gross profit as a percent of sales ^(a)	30.2		%	27.8		%	29.4		%	27.5		%
Operating income as a percent of sales	14.1		%	15.5		%	14.1		%	14.4		%

Operating information
Lubricant sales gallons ^(b)	13.7			15.0			28.4			28.8
Lubricant sales gallons, including unconsolidated joint ventures ^(c)	22.3			24.9			47.8			49.1
Premium lubricants (percent of lubricant volume)	27.7		%	28.1		%	26.7		%	28.3		%

(a)Gross profit as a percent of sales is defined as sales, less cost of sales, divided by sales.

(b)Excludes volumes from ~~higher-margin geographies.~~unconsolidated subsidiaries.

(c)Valvoline's unconsolidated joint ventures are distinct legal entities and Valvoline does not consolidate the result of operations of its unconsolidated joint ventures.

~~Selling, general and administrative expenses, which include corporate expense allocations of costs, increased $3~~

International sales decreased $20 million, or ~~12%~~14%, ~~during~~for the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. ~~The increase was primarily related to $2~~Sales decreased $15 million, ~~of planned increases related to~~or 5%, during the ~~Company's investments in its teams and shared infrastructure expenses, and a $1 million increase in employee costs. Equity and other income increased $1 million~~six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period. The declines in sales for both periods were largely driven by lower volumes and an unfavorable currency exchange impact that more than offset the benefits from the Eastern European acquisition completed in late fiscal 2019. The International reportable segment was impacted by COVID-19 for the majority of the quarter, beginning in China in late January and expanding to most regions by the end of March.

Gross profit margin increased 2.4% and 1.9% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, primarily as a result of ~~increased equity~~a more stable and ~~royalty income from the Company's investments in joint ventures, which had increased volumes~~favorable raw material cost environment during the ~~quarter.~~periods.

Operating income ~~totaled $19~~decreased $5 million inand $3 million during the ~~current quarter as compared~~three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, primarily due to ~~$20 million in the prior year quarter. EBITDA decreased $1 million to $20 million in the current quarter. EBITDA~~lower volumes and increased advertising and promotional expenses, partially offset by margin ~~decreased 2.5 percentage points to 14.3% in the current quarter.~~

~~International - EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation~~

The following EBITDA presentation is provided as a means to enhance the understanding of financial measurements that Valvoline has internally determined to be relevant measures of comparison for the results of International. There were no unusual or key items that affected comparability for Adjusted EBITDA duringimprovements. For the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017 and 2016.~~2020, the decline was also driven by a decreased contribution from unconsolidated joint ventures attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Three months ended December 31
(In millions) 2017 2016
Operating income $ 19
$ 20
Depreciation and amortization 1
1
EBITDA $ 20
$ 21

~~Unallocated and Other~~

Unallocated and other operating income/loss generally includes items such as certain other corporate and non-operational matters, such as company-wide restructuring activities and legacy costs, including those associated with the separation from Ashland. The following table summarizes the components of Unallocated and other operating income/loss for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Three months ended December 31
(In millions) 2017 2016
Separation costs $ (2 ) $ (6 )
Adjustments associated with Ashland tax indemnity (7 ) —
Operating loss $ (9 ) $ (6 )

Unallocated and other had operating loss of $9 million and loss of $6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increased operating loss is primarily the result of increased expense related to adjustments recorded for indemnities associated with the Tax Matters Agreement primarily as a result of tax reform legislation, partially offset by decreased separation costs from the prior year as the separation from Ashland was completed in May 2017.

FINANCIAL POSITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

The Company closely manages its liquidity and capital resources. ~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s liquidity requirements depend on key variables, including the level of investment needed to support business strategies, the performance of the business, capital expenditures, borrowing arrangements, and working capital management. Capital expenditures, acquisitions, share repurchases, and dividend payments are components of the ~~Company's~~Company’s cash flow and capital management strategy, which to a large extent, can be adjusted in response to economic and other changes in the business environment. The Company has a disciplined approach to capital allocation, which focuses on investing in key priorities that support ~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s business and growth strategies and returning capital to shareholders, while funding ongoing operations.

As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017,~~2020, the Company had ~~$115~~$774 million in ~~Cash~~cash and cash equivalents,, of which approximately ~~$96~~$79 million was held by ~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company ~~utilizes a variety of strategies~~has various means to deploy ~~available~~ cash with low tax consequences in the locations where it is needed ~~and the Company has historically intended~~due to ~~indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of~~

~~its non-U.S. subsidiaries. As a result of the enactment of~~U.S. tax reform legislation enacted in December 2017, undistributed earnings of the Company's non-U.S. subsidiaries were subject to the one-time deemed repatriation tax, which provides certain expected opportunities to repatriate with lower tax consequences. Consequently, the Company began to reevaluate its intentions to indefinitely reinvest its non-U.S. undistributed earnings. The Company now plans to repatriate up to approximately $45 million of previously undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries where the withholding tax implications are expected to be minimal. The Company is presently not aware of any significant restrictions on the repatriation of these funds and additional taxes and other costs that may arise between the deemed and actual distribution dates are not estimated to be material.fiscal 2018.

Cash ~~Flow~~flows

Valvoline’s cash flows as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are summarized as follows for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December 31, 2017 and 2016:~~March 31:


(In millions)	2020		2019
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	154	$	134
Investing activities	(71)		(85)
Financing activities	537		(20)
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(4)		—
Increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	616	$	29

Three months ended December 31

(In millions) 2017 2016
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ 20
$ 88
Investing activities (74 ) (10 )
Financing activities (31 ) (16 )
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (1 ) 2
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (86 ) $ 64

Operating activities

The ~~decrease~~increase in operating cash flows ~~provided by operating activities~~ for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 compared to the prior year ~~period~~ was primarily ~~related~~due to ~~the timing of cash settlements of both asset and liability working capital accounts, including those related to Valvoline's separation from Ashland that drove higher operating cash flows~~improved earnings in the prior year period . Specifically, in the three months ended December 31, 2016, Valvoline received $23 million from Ashland in customer payments on certain Valvoline receivables that were collected by Ashland and remitted to Valvoline during the period. In addition, Valvoline's accrued liabilities increased by approximately $40 million during the three months ended December 31, 2016 related primarily to transition services, tax sharing and other miscellaneous billings from Ashland. Also, as described further in Note 4 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, during the three months ended December 31, 2016, the Company sold $11 million of accounts receivables to a financial institution and did not sell accounts receivable during the three months ended December 31, 2017.current year.

Investing activities

The ~~increase~~decrease in cash flows used in investing activities for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 compared to the prior year was primarily due to lower cash consideration paid for acquisitions of $24 million, partially offset by increases in capital expenditures of $9 million.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Valvoline is taking steps to preserve cash, including delaying certain capital expenditures. The Company is currently planning to defer approximately $20 million from its prior estimates of capital spend in fiscal 2020, while investments in high-return, long-term strategic growth initiatives are planned to continue. These investments include expanding the Quick Lubes store network and completing construction of the Company's first blending and packaging plant in China, which is expected to open in early fiscal 2021.

Financing activities

The increase in cash flows from financing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period was primarily ~~related~~driven by increased borrowing activity in response to the ~~acquisition~~COVID-19 pandemic to provide enhanced financial flexibility from borrowings of ~~56 franchise service centers from Henley Bluewater LLC for $60~~$540 million ~~combined with a moderate increase in capital expenditures due to planned investments. Valvoline is currently forecasting approximately$80 million to $90 million of capital expenditures for full year fiscal 2018, funded primarily from operating cash flows.~~under the Revolver and Trade Receivables Facility.

~~Financing activities~~

The increase in cash flows used in financing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year period was related to transactions that occurred in the current year, including payments related to the repurchase of common stock of $37 million, the purchase of the remaining ownership interest in a consolidated subsidiary for $15 million, lower borrowings in the period related to the trade receivables securitization facility, and the increase in dividends that resulted in an incremental $5 million payment. These increases in cash usage were partially offset by reduced repayments of borrowings in the current year period.

Free cash flow and other liquidity information

The following table sets forth free cash flow ~~for the disclosed periods~~ and reconciles cash flows ~~provided by~~from operating activities to free cash flow. As previously noted, free cash flow has certain limitations, including that it does not reflect adjustments for certain

non-discretionary cash flows, such as mandatory debt ~~repayments, and includes pension and other postretirement plan remeasurement gains/losses.~~repayments. Refer to the “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” section ~~previously~~ included above in this Item 2 for additional information.


	Six months ended March 31
(In millions)	2020		2019
Cash flows provided by operating activities	$	154	$	134

Additions to property, plant and equipment	(57)		(48)
Free cash flow	$	97	$	86

Three months ended December 31
(In millions) 2017 2016
Cash flows provided by operating activities $ 20
$ 88
Additions to property, plant and equipment (14 ) (9 )
Free cash flow $ 6
$ 79

Free cash flow was lower for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the prior year period driven by lower cash flows from operating activities as described above, coupled with higher capital expenditures due to planned investments.

As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017,~~2020, working capital (current assets minus current liabilities, excluding long-term debt due within one year) ~~amounted to $386~~was $983 million compared to ~~$327~~$389 million atas of September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Liquid assets (cash, cash equivalents, and accounts receivable) ~~was145%~~were 281% of current liabilities as of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 and ~~123%~~132% at September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. The increase in working capital is primarily related to increases in cash and inventory and the decrease in accrued compensation-related expenses primarily due to reduced full year earnings expectations from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by lower receivables.

Debt

~~The following summary reflects Valvoline’s debt as of:~~

December 31 September 30
(In millions) 2017 2017
Short-term debt $ —
$ 75
Long-term debt (including current portion and debt issuance cost discounts) ^(a)
1,166
1,049
Total debt $ 1,166
$ 1,124


~~(a)~~	Amount includes $2 million of debt acquired through acquisitions and is net of $12 million and $13 million of debt issuance cost discounts as of December 31 and September 30, 2017, respectively, which are direct reductions from the carrying amount of debt.

As of ~~December~~March 31, 2017, the senior secured credit facility consisted of a term loan facility with an aggregate principal outstanding balance of $281 million and a $450 million revolving credit facility with no outstanding balance. The revolving credit facility also allows a portion of the availability to be used for outstanding letters of credit, and as of December 31, 2017, there were $11 million in letters of credit outstanding. As of September 30, 2017, the outstanding principal balance of the term loan facility was $285 million and there was no outstanding balance on the revolving facility.

~~As of December 31~~2020 and September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the Company had long-term debt (including the current portion and debt issuance costs and discounts) of $2.0 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, comprised of loans and revolving facilities. Approximately 50% of Valvoline’s outstanding ~~$400 million in aggregate principal balance~~borrowings as of ~~4.375% senior unsecured notes due in 2025 and $375 million in aggregate principal balance of 5.500% senior unsecured notes due in 2024. In December 2017,~~March 31, 2020 had fixed rates, with the ~~Company completed registered exchange offers for the senior notes.~~

During the first fiscal quarter of 2018, the Company amended the trade receivables securitization facility to extend the maturity date to November 19, 2020 and increase the maximum funding under the facility to $175 million. Valvoline borrowed an additional $45 million under this facility during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and used the proceeds to supplement the daily cash needs of the Company's operations.remainder bearing variable interest rates. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017, $120 million remains outstanding under this facility. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had $75 million outstanding under this facility.~~

~~Debt covenant restrictions~~

Valvoline’s debt contains usual and customary representations and warranties, and usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on liens, additional indebtedness, investments, restricted payments, asset sales, mergers, affiliate transactions and other customary limitations, as well as financial covenants (including maintenance of a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio). As of the end of any fiscal quarter, the maximum consolidated net leverage ratio and minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio permitted under the 2016 Senior Credit Agreement are 4.5 and 3.0, respectively. As of December 31, 2017,2020, Valvoline was in compliance with all covenants of its debt obligations.

~~Pension and Other Postretirement Plan Obligations~~

~~During fiscal 2018,~~On January 31, 2020, the Company ~~expects~~amended the Trade Receivables Facility to ~~make contributions~~extend the maturity date to November 19, 2021. On April 22, 2020, Valvoline amended the Trade Receivables Facility to modify the eligibility requirements for certain receivables, which had the effect of increasing the Company’s eligible borrowing capacity. The amendment also requires the Trade Receivables Facility to maintain an amount equal to the lesser of 50 percent of the unchanged total borrowing capacity and the borrowing base from the availability of eligible receivables. Subsequent to the amendment of the Trade Receivables Facility, the Company had a combined total of $103 million of remaining borrowing capacity under its Revolver and Trade Receivables Facility.

On February 25, 2020, Valvoline completed the issuance of 4.250% 2030 Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $600 million. The net proceeds from the offering of $592 million (after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs) were used to fund the redemption of all of the outstanding 5.500% 2024 Notes at an aggregate redemption price, including a redemption premium and unpaid accrued interest, of $394 million, repay $100 million of indebtedness under the Term Loan, and pay related fees and expenses. The remaining net proceeds are expected to fund general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, repayment of indebtedness, working capital needs, and capital expenditures. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is utilizing the remaining net proceeds to preserve cash and cash equivalents and maintain liquidity.

On May 6, 2020, the Company entered into a five-year credit agreement for approximately ~~$14~~$40 million to ~~its pension plans related to its U.S. non-qualified~~finance the completion of construction of the blending and ~~non-U.S. pension plans, of which contributions of $3 million were made during~~packaging plant in China. Borrowings will bear interest at the ~~three months ended December 31, 2017.~~ local prime rate less the applicable interest rate margin and will be secured by the assets underlying the project.

Refer to Note 97 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional ~~information.~~details regarding the Company’s debt instruments.

~~Tax-related Commitments~~Share repurchases and dividend payments

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law tax reform legislation (the “Act”), which is generally effective January 1, 2018. The Act includes a number of provisions, including lowering the U.S. corporate federal income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to 21% and changing or limiting certain tax deductions. While the Company expects the Act will ultimately benefit Valvoline, it also includes provisions that are expected to offset some of the benefit of the rate reduction, including the repeal of the deduction for domestic production activities and the expansion of the limitation on the deduction of certain executive compensation. In addition, the Act alters the landscape of taxation of non-U.S. operations and provides immediate deductions for certain new investments, among other provisions.

During the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017, enactment~~2020, the Company repurchased approximately 3 million shares of its common stock for $60 million under the ~~Act resulted~~share repurchase authorization approved by the Board of Directors on January 31, 2018 (the “2018 Share Repurchase Authorization”). The Company suspended its share

repurchase program in ~~pre-tax expense of $7 million and income tax expense of $68 million due~~late March 2020 to conserve liquidity in response to the ~~following:~~

~~The remeasurement~~COVID-19 pandemic. As of ~~net deferred tax assets at the lower enacted corporate tax rate resulted in a net $67 million increase in income tax expense;~~

~~The deemed repatriation tax on unremitted non-U.S. earnings and profits resulted in a $4 million increase in income tax expense; and~~

The remeasurement of net indemnity liabilities associated with the Tax Matters Agreement increased pre-tax expense by $7 million and generated a $3 million tax benefit related to the higher expected utilization of tax attributes payable to Ashland.

Based on the Company's provisional estimates of the impacts of the Act, management expects there will be a net favorable impact on Valvoline and its U.S. operations primarily due to the reduction in the federal statutory income tax rate. Set forth below is a discussion of certain provisions of the Act and the Company's preliminary assessment of the impact of such provisions on Valvoline's consolidated financial statements:

Given the effective date of the rate reduction in the Act, the Company's statutory federal corporate tax rate for fiscal 2018 will be a blended rate of 24.5%, with the federal statutory rate of 21% beginning in fiscal 2019. Inclusive of the reduction of the annual estimated effective tax rate and combined with income tax expense recorded in the three months ended DecemberMarch 31, ~~2017 related to the enactment of the Act,~~2020, the Company currently anticipates an estimated consolidated effective tax rate between 44% and 45% for fiscal 2018. The reduced federal tax rate is expected to result in overall lower income tax expense in fiscal 2019, and the Company currently expects that its consolidated effective tax rate for fiscal 2019 will be between 25% and 26%. Such estimates are based on management’s current assumptions with respect to, among other things, the Company’s earnings, state income tax levels and tax deductions.

The Act implements a new territorial tax system and imposes a one-time U.S. tax on the deemed repatriation of certain accumulated non-U.S. earnings and profits. The Company currently expects to settle the related gross liability of approximately $22had $15 million through utilization of foreign tax credits of $18 million, resulting in a net impact of $4 million which was recorded as income tax expense in the three months ended December 31, 2017. As a result of certain opportunities to repatriate with estimated lower tax consequences, the Company now intends to repatriate up to approximately $45 million of previously undistributed non-U.S. earnings in the foreseeable future.

The Act expands the limitation on the deduction of certain executive compensation. This expansion is subject to transition rules that provide grandfather relief. The Company has currently estimated that these deduction limitations will primarily be effective in future periods.

The Act repeals the deduction for domestic manufacturing production activities. With Valvoline’s domestic manufacturing footprint, the repeal will have an unfavorable impact beginning in fiscal 2019.

The Act includes a new incentive for U.S. companies to produce goods and services domestically and sell them abroad, which the Company expects will have a favorable impact on Valvoline beginning in fiscal 2019.

The Act provides for an election of 100 percent tax depreciation on certain property expenditures through 2022. The depreciation percentage will be phased down beginning in 2023 through 2026, when the prior depreciation rules will return. The Company expects to benefit from this provision related to the timing of deductions for investments.

~~Given the Company's present financial profile, management expects to fully deduct interest expense~~remaining under the ~~present~~2018 Share Repurchase Authorization and ~~future limitation rules under the Act.~~

The Company generally expects taxable state income will increase as a result of deduction limitations associated with the Act. However, the impact is not currently reasonably estimable as most U.S. state tax jurisdictions have not responded to the specific effects of the Act.

As summarized above, based on the Company's provisional estimates of the impacts of the Act, management expects there will be a net favorable impact on Valvoline, taking into account the impact on profitability and improved capital generation, which will provide the Company the opportunity to evaluate the potential utilization of the expected savings to increase or accelerate investments in its business and growth.

~~The estimated impacts of the Act recorded during the three months ended December 31, 2017 as well as the forward-looking estimates are provisional in nature, and the Company~~ will continue to ~~assess~~evaluate conditions of resuming its share repurchase program when appropriate.

During the impact of the Act and provide additional information and record adjustments through the income tax provision in the relevant period as amounts are known and reasonably estimable during the measurement period. Accordingly, the impact of the Act may differ from the Company's provisional estimates due to and among other factors, information currently not available, changes in interpretations and the issuance of additional guidance, as well as changes in assumptions the Company has currently made, including actions the Company may take in future periods as a result of the Act.

~~Dividend Payments and Share Repurchases~~

~~For the three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017,~~2020, the Company paid $42 million of cash dividends ~~of $0.0745~~for $0.226 per common ~~share for $15 million.~~share. On ~~January 31, 2018,~~April 22, 2020, the ~~Valvoline~~ Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.0745~~$0.113 per share onof Valvoline common ~~stock. The dividend is~~stock payable on ~~March~~June 15, ~~2018~~2020 to shareholders of record on ~~March 1, 2018.~~

May 29, 2020. Future declarations of quarterly dividends are subject to approval by the Board of Directors and may be adjusted as business needs or market conditions change. ~~For~~

Restructuring and related expenses

During the ~~three~~second fiscal quarter of 2019, Valvoline outlined a broad-based restructuring and cost-savings program expected to reduce costs, simplify processes and focus the organization’s structure and resources on key growth initiatives. Part of this program includes employee separation actions, which were generally completed during 2019, with the associated termination benefits anticipated to be substantially paid by the end of 2020.

Since program inception, Valvoline recognized cumulative restructuring and related expenses of $15 million, with $1 million recognized in the six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2016,~~2020. The Company does not expect to incur material remaining costs from these actions. Restructuring expenses include employee severance and termination benefits provided to employees pursuant to the ~~Company paid cash dividends~~restructuring program. Restructuring-related expenses consist of ~~$0.049 per common share for $10 million.~~those costs beyond those normally included in restructuring and incremental to the Company’s normal operating costs. These restructuring-related costs were expensed as incurred and primarily related to third-party professional service fees incurred in connection with execution of the restructuring program.

~~For~~Results by segment do not include these restructuring and related expenses, which is consistent with the ~~three~~manner by which management assesses the performance and evaluates the results of each segment. Accordingly, these expenses were included in Unallocated and other.

Valvoline’s restructuring actions remain on track and are expected to generate annualized pre-tax savings of approximately $40 million to $50 million with benefits realized during the first six months ~~ended December 31, 2017, the Company repurchased approximately 2 million shares for $39 million under the $150 million share repurchase authorization approved~~of 2020 and full savings expected to be delivered by the ~~Board~~end of ~~Directors on April 24, 2017 (the “2017 Share Repurchase Authorization”). As~~fiscal 2020. The ongoing annual savings are anticipated to benefit operating expenses, including Cost of ~~December 31, 2017, there was $61 million~~sales and Selling, general and administrative expenses within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~share repurchase authority remaining under the 2017 Share Repurchase Authorization. This repurchase authority allows the Company~~Comprehensive Income, with a portion expected to ~~repurchase its stock from time to time~~be reinvested in the ~~open~~business to provide flexibility to address the ongoing market ordynamics in ~~privately negotiated transactions depending upon market price~~Core North America and ~~other factors. Repurchases were and will continue~~ to beinvest in ~~accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations and funded from available liquidity. The Company did not repurchase shares during~~growth opportunities.

Refer to Note 6 in the ~~three months ended December 31, 2016.~~

~~On January 31, 2018, the Board~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of ~~Directors of Valvoline:~~

~~Declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.0745 per share on Valvoline common stock that is payable on March 15, 2018 to shareholders of record on March 1, 2018; and~~

~~Authorized the Company to repurchase up to $300 million of its common stock through September 30, 2020, which amount is in addition to the 2017 Share Repurchase Authorization.~~

~~Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations~~

~~Other than the matters disclosed~~Part I in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details regarding this restructuring program.

Contractual obligations and inother commitments

The following table sets forth Valvoline’s obligations and commitments to make future payments under existing agreements as of March 31, 2020. Excluded from the ~~ordinary course~~table are contractual obligations for which the ultimate settlement of ~~business since~~quantities or prices are not fixed and determinable.


			Remainder of		1-3		3-5		More than
(In millions)	Total		fiscal 2020		years		years		5 years
Contractual obligations ^(a)
Long-term debt	$	2,016	$	—	$	105	$	911	$	1,000
Interest payments ^(b)	443		25		133		118		167
Operating lease obligations	316		21		75		63		157
Financing lease obligations	70		3		11		11		45
Employee benefit obligations ^(c)	102		7		19		17		59
Loans to franchisees ^(d)	19		19		—		—		—
Purchase commitments	16		5		11		—		—
Total contractual obligations	$	2,982	$	80	$	354	$	1,120	$	1,428

(a)Other long-term liabilities of approximately $121 million are excluded from this table as the uncertainty related to the amount and period of cash settlements prevents the Company from making a reasonably reliable estimate. These other long-term liabilities include the Company’s net obligations to its former parent company, deferred compensation, unrecognized tax benefits, and self-insurance liabilities that primarily related to workers’ compensation claims, among others.

(b)Interest expense on both variable and fixed rate debt assuming no prepayments, with variable interest rates assumed to remain constant through the end of ~~fiscal 2017, there have been no material changes in~~ the ~~Company's contractual obligations. See~~term at the ~~Annual Report on Form 10-K~~rates that existed as of March 31, 2020.

(c)Estimated funding of pension plans, as well as projected benefit payments for Valvoline’s unfunded pension plans for the remainder of fiscal ~~year ended September 30, 2017 for additional information regarding the Company's off-balance-sheet arrangements and contractual obligations.~~2020 through fiscal 2029. Excludes benefit payments from pension plan trust funds.

(d)Committed funding to franchisees based on executed loan agreements as of March 31, 2020.

Summary

As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017,~~2020, cash and cash equivalents totaled ~~$115~~$774 million, ~~and~~ total debt was ~~$1.2 billion. Valvoline's~~$2.0 billion, and total remaining borrowing capacity was $46 million, which increased to $103 million subsequent to the amendment of the Trade Receivables Facility in April 2020. Valvoline’s ability to generate positive cash flows from operations is dependent on general economic conditions, ~~and~~ the competitive environment in the industry, and is subject to the business and other risk factors described in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 1A of Part I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or otherwise comply with the terms of its credit facilities, Valvoline may be required to seek additional financing alternatives. Valvoline's financial position has enabled it to achieve a Moody's rating of Ba2 and a Standard & Poor’s rating of BB+, which was upgraded in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2017. Subsequent changes to ratings may have an effect on Valvoline's borrowing rate or ability to access capital markets in the future. Borrowing capacity under the 2016 Senior Credit Agreement was $439 million (due to a $11 million reduction for letters of credit) and based on the availability of eligible receivables, $39 million under the trade receivables securitization facility as of December 31, 2017.

Management believes that the Company has sufficient liquidity based on its current cash and cash equivalents position, cash generated from business operations, and existing financing to meet its required pension and other postretirement plan contributions, debt servicing obligations, tax-related and other contractual commitments, ~~as well as~~and operating requirements for the next twelve months.

~~RECENT~~

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a discussion and analysis of recently issued accounting pronouncements and the ~~impact~~impacts on Valvoline, refer to Note 1 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I inof this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The ~~Company's~~Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in detail in Item 7 of Part II in Valvoline’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. As described in Note 1 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company adopted accounting policy changes related to the classification of non-service pension and other postretirement net periodic income effective October 1, 2017. Accordingly, ~~Net pension and other postretirement plan non-service income and remeasurement adjustments~~ ~~for all periods presented has been reclassified from within operating income to non-operating income within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.~~

2019. Management reassessed the critical accounting policies as disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and determined there were no ~~other~~ changes to critical accounting policies and estimates in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017. There were also no significant changes in estimates associated with those policies.~~2020.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The ~~Company's~~Company’s market risks are discussed in detail in Item 7A of Part II in Valvoline’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Management reassessed the quantitative and qualitative market risk disclosures as described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and ~~determined~~except for the broad effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, there ~~were~~have been no material changes to market risks in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017.~~2020. Refer to Item 2 of Part I and Item 1A of Part II within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of current market conditions and risks to Valvoline's business and financial performance resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), with the assistance of management, have evaluated the effectiveness of the ~~Company's~~Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Evaluation Date”), and based upon such evaluation, have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, the ~~Company's~~Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. These controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and that such information is accumulated and communicated to ~~Valvoline's~~Valvoline’s management, including the CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control

There were no significant changes in Valvoline’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the ~~three months~~fiscal quarter ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 that ~~have~~ materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Valvoline’s internal control over financial reporting. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many employees began working remotely in March 2020. These changes to the working environment did not have a material effect on Valvoline's internal controls over financial reporting during the most recent quarter.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, Valvoline is ~~involved in~~party to lawsuits, claims, and other legal ~~actions~~proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. ~~While Valvoline~~Many of these legal matters involve complex issues of law and fact and may proceed for protracted periods of time. The Company’s legal proceedings are reviewed on an ongoing basis to establish liabilities for the outcome of such matters where losses are determined to be probable and reasonably estimable and to provide disclosure of matters for which management believes a material loss is at least reasonably possible. There are certain claims and legal proceedings pending where loss is not determined to be probable or reasonably estimable, and therefore, accruals have not been made. As disclosed within the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company believes it has established adequate accruals for losses that are probable and reasonably estimable.

Although the ultimate resolution of these matters cannot ~~predict~~be predicted with certainty and there can be no assurances that the ~~outcome, costs recognized with respect~~actual amounts required to ~~such actions were immaterial during~~satisfy liabilities from these matters will not exceed the ~~three months ended December 31, 2017. Valvoline does not have any currently~~amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements, based on information available at this time and taking into account established accruals for estimated losses, it is the opinion of management that such pending claims or ~~litigation which Valvoline believes, individually or in the aggregate, will~~proceedings are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, ~~liquidity~~ or capital resources. While Valvoline cannot predict with certainty the outcome of such matters, where appropriate, adequate reserves have been recorded, which were not material as of December 31, 2017. There is a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized may be incurred related to these matters; however, Valvoline currently believes that such potential losses will not be material.cash flows.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

~~During~~Information about the ~~period covered by this report, there were no material changes from the~~Company's risk factors ~~previously disclosed~~is contained in ~~Valvoline's~~Item 1A of Part I in Valvoline’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Except for the addition of the risk factor set forth below, at March 31, 2020, there have been no material changes to the Company's risk factors previously disclosed.

Pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks, such as the novel coronavirus, may disrupt Valvoline’s business and operations, which could materially affect Valvoline’s financial condition, results of operations and forward-looking expectations.

Pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks in the United States or globally, may disrupt Valvoline’s business, which could materially affect its results of operations, financial condition and forward-looking expectations. In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") was identified in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has spread globally to most countries and all 50 states within the United States. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted Valvoline's business and results of operations, and adverse impacts are expected in future periods, which Valvoline is unable to predict due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic.

Specifically, as governments implemented lockdowns and stay-at-home guidelines in response to COVID-19, miles driven were estimated to be significantly down in most of Valvoline’s key markets by late March 2020 and continued into April and to-date, resulting in lower volumes across Valvoline's reportable segments. In February 2020, Valvoline temporarily halted construction of its lubricants plant in China and implemented work-from-home protocols for employees in its China office due to the impact of COVID-19. Construction on the lubricants plant resumed and work-from-home protocols in China largely ended in early March 2020. Beginning March 18, 2020, Valvoline temporarily closed its corporate headquarters in Lexington, Kentucky, while implementing work-from-home protocols. Employees, other than those in Valvoline's retail service center stores, production and distribution facilities, began working remotely in virtually all locations globally, except China, where work-from-home protocols were implemented earlier and substantially ended in March. In addition, all non-essential travel has been restricted. While Valvoline has a distributed workforce and many employees are accustomed to working remotely or with other remote employees, the suspension of travel and doing business in-person could negatively impact the Company's marketing efforts, challenge the ability to enter into customer contracts in a timely manner, or create operational or other challenges, including telecommuting issues, as the Company adjusts to a large remote

workforce, any of which could harm Valvoline's business. At Quick Lubes service center stores, changes were made requiring employees to wear protective equipment and modifying certain in-store procedures to further reduce direct contact from Valvoline's stay-in-your-car service experience. Although it has not yet done so, Valvoline may voluntarily elect or be required to temporarily close or reduce operations at its Quick Lubes service center stores, lubricant blending and packaging plants or remove its employees and personnel from the field for their protection. COVID-19 has also had a negative impact on Valvoline’s franchisees. Certain franchises reduced hours or temporarily closed at the discretion of the respective independent operator. Failure of one or more franchisees would have an adverse impact on Valvoline’s business due to its dependence on their growth, financial and operating performance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Valvoline has seen an increase in attempts to breach its information technology systems with the implementation of work-from-home protocols, including cyber-security threats such as phishing, spam emails, hacking, social engineering, and malicious software, increasing the risks associated with a breach of or failure of Valvoline’s information technology systems.

The Company expects to ultimately implement return to office plans for its current remote workforce and minimize travel restrictions based upon multiple factors, including government mandates, guidelines issued by public health authorities, and the location and job responsibilities of specific Company personnel. Though these plans may be implemented in stages over an extended period of time, the Company may nevertheless experience operational disruptions when employees return to the office. While certain locations have started to relax shelter in place orders, the impact of these initiatives, including their sustainability is uncertain.

These impacts and any additional developments as a result of COVID-19, or other pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks have, and may continue to, materially adversely affect Valvoline’s business or results of operations, and may impact Valvoline’s liquidity or financial condition, and forward-looking expectations, particularly if they are in place for an extended period of time. The spread of COVID-19 may materially adversely affect Valvoline’s ability to implement its growth plans, including, without limitation, delay construction or acquisition of new Quick Lubes service center stores; negatively impact Valvoline’s ability to successfully execute plans to enter into new markets; reduce demand for Valvoline’s products; cause Valvoline to experience inefficiencies in the supply chain, including but not limited to, the delivery of products and services to Valvoline’s customers, receipt of raw materials from suppliers or increased costs of raw materials; or negatively impact Valvoline’s ability to maintain operations.

Valvoline continues to monitor its operations, the operations of its customers, suppliers, franchisees and various government recommendations. The extent to which the spread of COVID-19 impacts Valvoline’s business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the duration and the severity of the spread of COVID-19 and the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, among others. These events, if they continue to grow in scope, intensify in severity or are sustained for a longer period of time, could result in a period of business and manufacturing disruption, inventory shortage, and reduced sales and profitability, any of which may materially adversely affect Valvoline’s business or results of operations. While the potential economic impact resulting from and the duration of any pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, may be difficult to assess or predict, the widespread COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce the Company’s ability to access capital and, in the future, negatively affect the Company’s liquidity. In addition, a recession or market correction resulting from the spread of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, could materially affect Valvoline’s business. Such economic recession could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s long-term business as the Company’s customers reduce miles driven and reduce their overall spending on Valvoline products and services. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects the Company’s business and financial results, it may also have the effect of increasing many of the other risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I in Valvoline’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017,~~2020, the Company repurchased ~~1.6~~3.4 million shares of its common stock for ~~$39~~$60 million ~~under~~pursuant to the ~~2017 Share Repurchase Authorization. Under the~~Board of Directors authorization shares may be repurchased on the open market, through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, Rule 10b-18 repurchase programs and accelerated share acquisition programs. As of December 31, 2017, $61 million remains available for repurchase under this authorization, and on January 31, 2018 ~~the Board of Directors of Valvoline authorized the Company~~ to repurchase up to $300 million of ~~its~~ common stock through September 30, ~~2020, which amount is in addition to the 2017 Share Repurchase Authorization.~~2020.

Share repurchase activity during the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2017~~2020 was as follows:


Fiscal Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020	—	$	—	—	$	75
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020	1,105,278	$	21.40	1,105,278	$	51
March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020	2,321,406	$	15.57	2,321,406	$	15
Total	3,426,684	$	17.45	3,426,684

Fiscal Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased⁽¹⁾
Average Price Paid per Share, including Commission
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs ⁽²⁾

Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)⁽²⁾
October 1, 2017 to
October 31, 2017
—
$ —
—
$ 100
November 1, 2017 to November 30, 2017 747,265
$ 24.04
737,629
$ 82
December 1, 2017 to
December 31, 2017
875,728
$ 24.58
875,728
$ 61
Total 1,622,993
1,613,357

⁽¹⁾Total number of shares purchased includes both shares repurchased under the Board of Directors authorization described above, as well as vested restricted stock awards purchased to cover withholding taxes.

⁽²⁾Further information regarding the Company's share repurchases can be found in Note 12 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS









10.1*			~~First~~Third Amendment, dated as of April 22, 2020, to the Transfer and Administration Agreement, dated as of November ~~20, 2017,~~29, 2016, among Valvoline LLC, Lex Capital LLC, the Originators, the Investors, Letter of Credit Issuers, Managing Agents and Administrators party thereto, and PNC Bank National Association, as agent for the Investors.

31.1*			Certification of Samuel J. Mitchell, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Valvoline, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*			Certification of Mary E. Meixelsperger, Chief Financial Officer of Valvoline, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32**			Certification of Samuel J. Mitchell, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Valvoline, and Mary E. Meixelsperger, Chief Financial Officer of Valvoline, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

~~101~~101.INS			XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive ~~data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i)~~Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the ~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended December 31, 2017~~Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and 2016, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and (iv) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

^SM ~~Service mark, Valvoline or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries.~~** Furnished herewith.

™ Trademark, Valvoline or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries.

^†~~Trademark owned by a third party.~~

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			VALVOLINE INC.
			(Registrant)

May 7, 2020			~~VALVOLINE INC.~~
By:	~~(Registrant)~~

~~February 8, 2018~~	~~By:~~	/s/ Mary E. Meixelsperger
				Mary E. Meixelsperger
				Chief Financial Officer



Kentucky			30-0939371
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			~~30-0939371~~ (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


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