UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
 
F O R M   10-Q
 
þ  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20182019

or
o  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____to_____
Commission file number: 000-55864
kmllogoa01.jpg
Kinder Morgan Canada Limited
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Alberta, Canada N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

Suite 2700,3000, 300 - 5th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 5J2
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 403-514-6780
____________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Restricted Voting Shares

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  oþ No þo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes   þ   No o 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” (inin Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Act.
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o  Non-accelerated filer þ   Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company þ
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes o  No þ
As of April 24, 2018,25, 2019, the registrant had 103,661,30234,944,993 Restricted Voting Shares and 243,455,65481,353,820 Special Voting Shares outstanding.
            
                


KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
TABLE OF CONTENTS

  
Page
Number
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Capitalized terms used throughout this document are defined in “Glossary” below. References to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to Kinder Morgan Canada Limited and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries. We state our consolidated financial statements in Canadian dollars. References in this document to “dollars,” “$” or “CAD$“$” are to the currency of Canada, and references to “U.S.$” or “U.S. dollar” are to the currency of the United States. See “Conversions.”U.S.
GLOSSARY   
    
Company Abbreviations 
Class A Units=the Class A limited partnership units of the Limited Partnership 
Class B Units=the Class B limited partnership units of the Limited Partnership 
Cochin=Canadian portion of the U.S. and Canadian Cochin pipeline system 
General Partner=Kinder Morgan Canada GP Inc. 
IPO=Initial Public Offering of KML’s Restricted Voting Shares in May 2017
Jet Fuel=Jet Fuel pipeline system
KMCI=Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. 
KML=Kinder Morgan Canada Limited and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries 
Kinder Morgan or KMI=Kinder Morgan, Inc. 
Limited Partnership=Kinder Morgan Canada Limited Partnership 
LP Units=collectively, the Class A Units and the Class B Units 
Preferred LP Units=the preferred limited partnership units in the Limited Partnership
Preferred Shares=collectively all outstanding preferred shares in the capital of KML 
Puget Sound=Puget Sound pipeline system 
Restricted Voting Shares=the restricted voting shares in the capital of KML 
Series 1 Preferred Shares=the 12,000,000 cumulative redeemable minimum rate reset Preferred Shares, Series 1 in the capital of KML 
Series 3 Preferred Shares=the 10,000,000 cumulative redeemable minimum rate reset Preferred Shares, Series 3 in the capital of KML 
Preferred Shares=collectively all outstanding preferred shares in the capital of KML (if and when issued)
Special Voting Shares=the special voting shares in the capital of KML 
TMEPTrans Mountain Asset Group=the assets sold, collectively, Trans Mountain pipeline system, along with its associated Puget Sound, the Trans Mountain Expansion Project,
TMPL=Trans Mountain pipeline system and Kinder Morgan Canada Inc., the Canadian employer of the staff that operates those businesses 
Trans Mountain=Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC 
  
Common Industry and Other Terms 
/d=per day 
Adjusted EBITDA=adjusted earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization
B.C.=the Province of British Columbia
bpd=barrels per day
DCF=distributable cash flow
D&A=depreciation and amortization 
EBDA=earnings before depreciation and amortization expenses 
FASB=Financial Accounting Standards Board 
FERC=Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
GAAP or U.S. GAAP=United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
LLC=limited liability company 
MBbl=thousand barrels 
MMBbl=million barrels 
MMtonnesMMtons=million metric tonnes.tonnes 
NEBROU=National Energy Boardright of use 
U.S.=United States of America 

Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are identified as any statement that does not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “forecast,” “strategy,” “position,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “shall,” or the negative of those terms or other variations of them or comparable terminology. In particular, expressed or implied statements concerning future actions, conditions or events, future operating results, or theour ability to generate sales, income or cash flow or to pay dividends or the current review of strategic alternatives process, including expected timing of completion and results thereof, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Future actions, conditions or events and future results of operations may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Many of the factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our ability to pay cash dividends, are substantially
dependent on our financial condition and results of operations and our successful development of TMEP.operations. As a result, factors or
events that impact our business as well as the costs associated with and the time required to complete (if completed) TMEP are
likely to have a commensurate impact on us, the market price and value of the Restricted Voting Shares, Preferred Shares, and our ability to pay
dividends.

See Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Recent Business Developments—Suspension of Non-Essential Spending on Trans Mountain Expansion Project” included in this report, andInformation Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”Statements and Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (20172018 (2018 Form 10-K) for a more detailed description of factors that may affect the forward-looking statements. You should keep these risk factors in mind when considering forward-looking statements. These risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Because of these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. We will provide updates to projectionsAny financial outlook or other forward-looking statements included in this report whenare included for the purpose of providing information relating to management’s current expectations and plans for the future, are based on a number of significant assumptions and may not be appropriate, and should not be used, for any purpose other than those for which such forward-looking statements are disclosed herein.
Forward-looking statements in this report are given only as of the date of this report, and we believe previously disclosed projections no longer have a reasonable basis.disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this report, except as required by law.



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.
KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 20172019 
2018
(Note 2)
Revenues      
Services163.9
 164.0
86.4
 73.2
Product sales and other0.3
 0.5
Services-affiliate15.6
 15.4
Total Revenues164.2
 164.5
102.0
 88.6
      
Operating Costs, Expenses and Other      
Operations and maintenance49.1
 49.0
37.8
 38.1
Depreciation and amortization36.8
 34.8
21.8
 19.7
General and administrative18.4
 17.0
11.1
 8.9
Taxes, other than income taxes9.3
 9.8
2.3
 1.2
Other expense, net0.1
 1.8

 0.1
Total Operating Costs, Expenses and Other113.7
 112.4
73.0
 68.0
      
Operating Income50.5
 52.1
29.0
 20.6
      
Other Income (Expense)   
   
Interest, net(0.3) (6.7)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain(0.2) 10.9
Capitalized equity financing costs11.6
 5.5
Interest income (expense), net1.2
 (0.4)
Foreign exchange loss(0.1) (0.3)
Other, net(0.7) (0.8)0.1
 
Total Other Income10.4
 8.9
Total Other Income (Expense)1.2
 (0.7)
      
Income Before Income Taxes60.9
 61.0
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes30.2
 19.9
      
Income Tax Expense(16.5) (14.2)(8.9) (5.9)
   
Income from Continuing Operations21.3
 14.0
   
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax(Note 2)
 30.4
      
Net Income44.4

46.8
21.3

44.4
      
Preferred share dividends(7.2) 
(7.2) (7.2)
      
Net Income Attributable to Kinder Morgan Interest(26.4) (46.8)(9.9) (26.4)
      
Net Income Available to Restricted Voting Stockholders10.8
 
4.2
 10.8
      
Restricted Voting Shares   
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Restricted Voting Share0.10
 
Restricted Voting Shares(Note 4)   
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Restricted Voting Share from Continuing Operations0.12
 0.05
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Restricted Voting Share from Discontinued Operations
 0.26
      
Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Restricted Voting Shares Outstanding103.5
 
34.9
 34.5
   
Dividends Per Restricted Voting Share Declared for the Period0.1625
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions of Canadian dollars)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
Net income44.4
 46.8
21.3
 44.4
   
Other comprehensive income (loss) 
  
Other comprehensive income 
  
Benefit plans0.7
 0.4

 0.7
Foreign currency translation adjustments1.2
 (0.5)
 1.2
   
Total other comprehensive income (loss)1.9
 (0.1)
Total other comprehensive income
 1.9
Comprehensive income46.3
 46.7
21.3
 46.3
   
Comprehensive income attributable to Kinder Morgan interest(27.7) (46.7)(9.9) (27.7)
   
Comprehensive income attributable to Kinder Morgan Canada Limited18.6
 
11.4
 18.6

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
ASSETS      
Current assets      
Cash and cash equivalents210.3
 238.8
46.6
 4,338.1
Accounts receivable74.4
 60.3
29.0
 26.2
Accounts receivable-affiliates3.6
 9.0
Prepayments14.3
 3.5
Inventories13.2
 13.1
7.4
 7.5
Other current assets21.3
 19.4
0.8
 2.4
Total current assets322.8
 340.6
98.1
 4,377.7
      
Property, plant and equipment, net3,921.1
 3,708.0
964.0
 981.3
Goodwill248.0
 248.0
Regulatory assets26.1
 22.7
ROU assets513.6
 
Deferred charges and other assets118.5
 133.4
12.0
 10.6
Total Assets4,636.5
 4,452.7
1,587.7
 5,369.6
      
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 
  
 
  
Current liabilities 
  
 
  
Current portion of debt100.0
 
Credit facility50.0
 
Accounts payable191.6
 151.4
35.7
 49.4
Accounts payable-affiliates1.8
 0.7
Regulatory liabilities115.0
 107.9
Distribution payable
 1,195.1
Distribution payable-affiliate
 2,782.3
Accrued taxes3.3
 310.6
Current lease liabilities17.0
 
Other current liabilities47.5
 38.3
22.9
 63.2
Total current liabilities455.9
 298.3
128.9
 4,400.6
      
Long-term liabilities and deferred credits 
  
 
  
Deferred income taxes342.1
 339.5
0.5
 0.1
Pension and postretirement benefits75.4
 75.4
Regulatory liabilities65.7
 43.3
Deferred revenues56.7
 53.5
Lease liabilities496.6
 
Contract liabilities63.8
 67.5
Other deferred credits4.4
 5.1
9.8
 8.9
Total long-term liabilities and deferred credits544.3
 516.8
570.7
 76.5
Total Liabilities1,000.2
 815.1
699.6
 4,477.1
      
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 1, 2 and 11)

 

Commitments and contingencies(Notes 3, 11, and 12)

 

      
Equity      
Preferred share capital, 12,000,000 shares of Series 1 and 10,000,000 shares of Series 3, issued and outstanding (Note 3)537.2
 537.2
Restricted Voting Share capital, 103,661,302 and 103,366,905 Restricted Voting Shares, respectively, issued and outstanding (Note 3)1,713.6
 1,707.5
Preferred share capital, 12,000,000 shares of Series 1 and 10,000,000 shares of Series 3, issued and outstanding537.2
 537.2
Restricted Voting Share capital, 34,944,993 Restricted Voting Shares issued and outstanding278.5
 278.1
Retained deficit(775.0) (770.0)(167.3) (165.8)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(8.2) (8.8)
Total Kinder Morgan Canada Limited equity1,467.6
 1,465.9
648.4
 649.5
Kinder Morgan interest, 243,455,654 and 242,882,897 Special Voting Shares, respectively, issued and outstanding (Note 3)2,168.7
 2,171.7
Kinder Morgan interest, 81,353,820 Special Voting Shares issued and outstanding239.7
 243.0
Total Equity3,636.3
 3,637.6
888.1
 892.5
Total Liabilities and Equity4,636.5
 4,452.7
1,587.7
 5,369.6

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions of Canadian dollars)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
Operating Activities      
Net income44.4
 46.8
21.3
 44.4
Non-cash items:

  
   
Depreciation and amortization36.8
 34.8
21.8
 36.8
Deferred income tax2.4
 14.3
Deferred income taxes0.4
 2.4
Capitalized equity financing costs(11.6) (5.5)
 (11.6)
Unrealized foreign exchange gain(0.5) (10.9)
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)0.1
 (0.5)
Other non-cash items5.3
 2.5
0.4
 5.3
Change in operating assets and liabilities (Note 10)25.6
 (24.8)
Cash provided by operating activities102.4
 57.2
Change in operating assets and liabilities(Note 10)(328.9) 25.6
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities(Note 2)(284.9) 102.4
      
Investing Activities 
  
 
  
Capital expenditures(173.9) (42.1)(15.1) (173.9)
Contributions to trusts(2.8) (4.4)(1.0) (2.8)
Cash used in investing activities(176.7) (46.5)
Working capital settlement on the Trans Mountain Transaction(Note 2)(37.1) 
Cash used in investing activities(Note 2)(53.2) (176.7)
      
Financing Activities      
Issuances of debt100.0
 
76.0
 100.0
Cash dividends - restricted shares(11.8) 
Dividends - preferred shares(6.1) 
Repayments of debt(26.0) 
Distributions - Restricted Voting Stockholders - Return of Capital(1,195.1) 
Dividends - Restricted Voting Stockholders(5.7) (11.8)
Dividends - Preferred Shares(7.2) (6.1)
Distributions - Kinder Morgan interest - Return of Capital(2,782.3) 
Distributions - Kinder Morgan interest(31.0) 
(13.2) (31.0)
Debt and preferred shares issuance costs(4.5) 
Cash provided by financing activities46.6
 
Debt and Preferred Shares issuance costs(0.3) (4.5)
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities(3,953.8) 46.6
      
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted deposits(0.6) (0.3)
Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Deposits held by the Trans Mountain Asset Group
 32.4
   
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Deposits(0.1) (0.6)
      
Net (decrease) increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Deposits(28.3) 10.4
(4,292.0) 4.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Deposits, beginning of period239.5
 160.3
4,338.6
 111.2
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Deposits, end of period211.2
 170.7
46.6
 115.3
      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of period238.8
 159.0
4,338.1
 110.7
Restricted Deposits, beginning of period0.7
 1.3
0.5
 0.5
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Deposits, beginning of period239.5
 160.3
4,338.6
 111.2
      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period210.3
 170.2
46.6
 115.0
Restricted Deposits, end of period0.9
 0.5

 0.3
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Deposits, end of period211.2
 170.7
46.6
 115.3
      
Net (decrease) increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Deposits(28.3) 10.4
(4,292.0) 4.1
      
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information      
Cash received during the period for interest (net of capitalized interest)3.9
  
Cash paid during the period for income taxes7.4
 0.2
328.5
 7.4
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities      
ROU assets and operating lease obligations recognized(Note 11)

513.6
  
Increase in property, plant and equipment from both accruals and contractor retainage62.7
 22.1


 62.7
Increase (decrease) in property, plant and equipment due to foreign currency translation adjustments1.1
 (1.4)
Increase in property, plant and equipment due to foreign currency translation adjustments
 1.1
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Unaudited)

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Unaudited)

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Unaudited)
Issued shares (in millions) Canadian dollars (in millions)Issued shares (in millions) Canadian dollars (in millions)
Preferred shares Restricted Voting SharesKinder Morgan Interest - Special Voting Shares Preferred share capital 
Restricted Voting Share
capital
 
Retained
deficit
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 Kinder Morgan interest TotalPreferred Shares Restricted Voting SharesKinder Morgan Interest - Special Voting Shares Preferred Share capital 
Restricted Voting Share
capital
 
Retained
deficit
 Kinder Morgan interest Total
Balance at December 31, 201722.0
 103.4
 242.9
 537.2
 1,707.5
 (770.0) (8.8) 2,171.7
 3,637.6
Balance at December 31, 201822.0
 34.9
 81.4
 537.2
 278.1
 (165.8) 243.0
 892.5
Net income          18.0
   26.4
 44.4
          11.4
 9.9
 21.3
Preferred share dividend          (6.1)   
 (6.1)          (7.2)   (7.2)
Restricted voting share dividends          (16.9)   
 (16.9)          (5.7)   (5.7)
Special voting share distributions              (40.9) (40.9)            (13.2) (13.2)
Dividend/Distribution reinvestment plan  0.3
 0.5
   5.1
     9.9
 15.0
Stock-based compensation        1.3
     
 1.3
        0.4
     0.4
Other        (0.3)     0.3
 
Other comprehensive income        
   0.6
 1.3
 1.9
Balance at March 31, 201822.0
 103.7
 243.4
 537.2
 1,713.6
 (775.0) (8.2) 2,168.7
 3,636.3
Balance at March 31, 201922.0
 34.9
 81.4
 537.2
 278.5
 (167.3) 239.7
 888.1


 Equity attributable to Kinder Morgan pre-IPO 
Retained
earnings (deficit)
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 Total
(In millions of Canadian dollars)       
Balance at December 31, 20161,475.0
 (13.1) (25.9) 1,436.0
Net income

 46.8
 

 46.8
Other comprehensive loss

 

 (0.1) (0.1)
Balance at March 31, 20171,475.0
 33.7
 (26.0) 1,482.7

 Issued shares (in millions)  
 Preferred Shares Restricted Voting SharesKinder Morgan Interest - Special Voting Shares Preferred Share capital 
Restricted Voting Share
capital
 
Retained
deficit
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 Kinder Morgan interest Total
Balance at December 31, 201722.0
 34.5
 81.0
 537.2
 1,707.5
 (770.0) (8.8) 2,171.7
 3,637.6
Net income          18.0
   26.4
 44.4
Preferred share dividend          (6.1)     (6.1)
Restricted voting share dividends          (16.9)     (16.9)
Special voting share distributions              (40.9) (40.9)
Dividend/Distribution reinvestment plan  0.1
 0.2
   5.1
     9.9
 15.0
Stock-based compensation        1.3
       1.3
Other        (0.3)     0.3
 
Other comprehensive income            0.6
 1.3
 1.9
Balance at March 31, 201822.0
 34.6
 81.2
 537.2
 1,713.6
 (775.0) (8.2) 2,168.7
 3,636.3

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1. General

The Company was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) on April 7, 2017. On May 30, 2017, we completed an IPOInitial Public Offering (“IPO”) of our Restricted Voting Shares and used the net proceeds of approximately $1,671.0 million to acquire an approximate 30% indirect economic interest in the Limited Partnership from certain affiliates of Kinder Morgan, who retained an approximate 70% ownershipeconomic interest of the limited partnership units in the Limited Partnership.

We have two business segments: (i) After the Pipelines segment, which includes the TMPL that currently transports approximately 300,000 bpdIPO, we issued an aggregate of crude oil$550.0 million of Series 1 Preferred Shares and refined petroleum from Edmonton, Alberta to Burnaby, B.C.; Puget Sound serving the state of Washington; Jet Fuel serving the Vancouver International Airport; KMCI, the employer of Canadian staff;Series 3 Preferred Shares; as a result, our and Cochin, a 12-inch diameter multi-product pipeline which spans approximately 1,000 kilometers in Saskatchewan and Alberta; and (ii) the Terminals segment, which includes the ownership and operation of liquid product merchant storage and rail terminalsKinder Morgan’s respective interests in the Edmonton, Alberta market as well as a predominantly dry cargo import/export facility in Vancouver, B.C.

Suspension of Non-Essential Spending on Trans Mountain Expansion Project

On April 8, 2018, we announced that we were suspending all non-essential activities and related spending on TMEP. We also announced that under current circumstances, specifically including the continued actions in opposition to TMEP by B.C., we will not commit additional shareholder resources to TMEP. We further announced that we will consult with various stakeholders in an effort to reach agreements by May 31, 2018 that may allow TMEP to proceed without putting further KML shareholder capital at risk. The Company stated it is difficult to conceive of any scenario in which it would proceed with TMEP if an agreement is not reached by May 31, 2018. The focus in those consultations will be on two principles: clarity on the path forward, particularly with respectLimited Partnership are subject to the ability to construct through B.C.,preferred shareholders’ priority on distributions and adequate protection of KML shareholders.

We had previously announced a “primarily permitting” strategy for the first half of 2018, focused on advancing the permitting process, rather than spending at full construction levels, until we had obtained greater clarity on outstanding permits, approvals and judicial reviews. Rather than achieving greater clarity, TMEP is now facing unquantifiable risk. Previously, opposition by B.C. was manifesting itself largely through B.C.’s participation in an ongoing judicial review. Unfortunately, B.C. has now been asserting broad jurisdiction and reiterating its intention to use that jurisdiction to stop TMEP. B.C.’s intention in that regard has been neither validated nor quashed, and B.C. has continued to threaten unspecified additional actions to prevent TMEP success. Those actions have created even greater, and growing, uncertainty with respect to the regulatory landscape facing TMEP. In addition, the parties still await judicial decisions on challenges to the original Order in Council and the B.C. Environmental Assessment Certificate approving TMEP. These items, combined with the impending approach of critical construction windows, the lead-time required to ramp up spending, and the imperative that the Company avoid incurring significant debt while lacking the necessary clarity, brought us to the decision we announced on April 8, 2018. Given the current uncertain conditions, we are not updating our cost and schedule estimate at this time. However, construction delays are likely to entail increased costs due to a variety of factors including extended personnel, equipment and facilities charges, storage charges for unused material and equipment, extended debt service, and inflation, among others.

In the event that TMEP is terminated, resulting impairments, foregone capitalized equity costs, and potential wind down costs would have a significant effect on our results of operations. Potential impairments would be recognized primarily in the period in which a decision to terminate is made.

Also, see Note 11 for further information on TMEP.upon liquidation.

Basis of Presentation

General

In January 2018, we completed the registration of our Restricted Voting Shares pursuant to Section 12(g) of the United StatesU.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with the accounting principles contained in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, the single source of U.S. GAAP and referred to in this report

as the Codification.(the “Codification”). U.S. GAAP meansare generally accepted accounting principles that the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”)SEC has identified as having substantial authoritative support, as supplemented by Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act, as amended from time to time. Under such rules and regulations, all significant intercompany items have been eliminated in consolidation.

In our opinion, all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair statement of our financial position and operating results for the interim periods have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year; accordingly, you should read these consolidated financial statements in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 20172018 Form 10-K.
AmountsUnless otherwise noted, amounts are stated in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted which is the functional currency of mostour continuing operations. Additionally, certain amounts from prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

For a discussion of our operations.the Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) we adopted on January 1, 2019, see Note 11.

Presentation of Kinder Morgan Interest

As of and forKinder Morgan Interest represents the reporting periods after May 30, 2017,interest in our consolidated subsidiaries that are not owned by us. Kinder Morgan’s economic interest in the Limited Partnership is reflected within “Kinder Morgan interest” in our consolidated balance sheets and earningsin the accompanying consolidated statements of equity. Earnings attributable to Kinder Morgan’s economic ownership interest in the Limited Partnership is presented in “Net Income Attributable to Kinder Morgan Interest” in ourthe accompanying consolidated statements of income.
2. Trans Mountain Transaction

Prior toOn August 31, 2018, we closed on the IPO, Kinder Morgan controlled allsale of our equitythe Trans Mountain Asset Group, which is presented as “Equity attributable to Kinder Morgan pre-IPO” in our statementwas indirectly acquired by the Government of equityCanada, through Trans Mountain Corporation (a subsidiary of the Canada Development Investment Corporation) for cash consideration of approximately $4.43 billion, net of preliminary working capital adjustments (the “Trans Mountain Transaction”). Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2017. For2019, we paid the remaining $37.0 million of working capital adjustments that were accrued as of December 31, 2018.

On January 3, 2019, distributions of approximately $1.2 billion were made as a return of capital to holders of our Restricted Voting Shares ($11.40 per Restricted Voting Share) and approximately $2.8 billion to KMI as the indirect holder of our Special Voting Shares (the “Return of Capital”). To facilitate the Return of Capital and provide flexibility for dividends going forward, our voting shareholders also approved (i) a reduction of the stated capital of our Restricted Voting Shares by $1.45 billion (the

“Stated Capital Reduction”) and (ii) a “reverse stock split” of our Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares on a one-for-three basis (three shares consolidating to one share) (the “Share Consolidation”), which occurred on January 4, 2019. The Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares outstanding and earnings per share information in this report reflect the Share Consolidation for all periods afterpresented.
The underlying assets in the IPO, “Kinder Morgan interest” is separately presentedTrans Mountain Asset Group were primarily within our Pipelines business segment, and the operating results for the Trans Mountain Asset Group are included in our“Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax” in the accompanying consolidated statement of equityincome for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and includes its share of our netmajor income and other comprehensive loss, along with its Class B Units distributions and distribution reinvestment plan activities.expense line items were as follows:
Accounting Policy Changes
Three Months Ended March 31,


2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)
  Revenues75.6
  Depreciation and amortization(17.1)
  Operating expenses(28.5)
  Other income and interest, net11.0
Income from Discontinued Operations before income taxes41.0
    Income tax expense(10.6)
  Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax30.4

Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” and a series of related accounting standard updates designed to create improved revenue recognition and disclosure comparability in financial statements. For more information, see Note 6.

On January 1, 2018, we retroactively adopted ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” This ASU requires the statements ofOur net cash flows to presentfrom operating and investing activities from the change during the periodTrans Mountain Asset Group included in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are now included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows. The retrospective application of this new accounting guidance resulted in a decrease of $0.8 million in “Cash used in investing activities,” an increase of $1.3 million in “Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Deposits, beginning of the period,” and an increase of $0.5 million in “Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Deposits, end of period” in our accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows from what was previously presented for the three months ended March 31, 2017.were as follows:

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-07, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715).”  This ASU requires an employer to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost, allows only the service cost component of net benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization, and establishes how to present the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the income statement.  Topic 715 required us to retrospectively reclassify $1.0 million of other components of net benefit credits (excluding the service cost component) from “General and administrative” to “Other, net” in our accompany consolidated statement of income for three months ended March 31, 2017.  We prospectively applied Topic 715 related to net benefit costs eligible for capitalization.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2018
(Net cash provided by (used in) in millions of Canadian dollars)
Operating activities52.7
Investing activities(141.9)

2.3. Debt

Credit Facility

As of March 31, 2019, we had $50.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our 4-year $500.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility due August 31, 2022 (“2018 Credit Facility”), with $443.7 million available under the 2018 Credit Facility, after reducing the $500.0 million capacity for $6.3 million in letters of credit, which includes approximately $3.2 million issued on behalf of Trans Mountain for which it has issued a backstop letter of credit to us. As of March 31, 2019, the weighted average interest rate on our 2018 Credit Facility borrowings was 3.42% and we were in compliance with all required covenants under our Credit Facility.covenants. As of MarchDecember 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we had $100.0 million and no outstanding borrowings on our Credit Facility, respectively. As of March 31,under the 2018 the weighted average interest rate on our Credit Facility borrowings was 3.14%. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we incurred standby fees of $4.0 million and none, respectively.

On January 23, 2018, we entered into an agreement amending certain terms of our Credit Facility to, among other things, provide additional funding certainty with respect to each tranche under our Credit Facility. Material terms of the Credit Facility are further described in Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2017 Form 10-K.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value and estimated fair value of our debt balances are disclosed below: 
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
 
Carrying
value
 
Estimated
fair value
 
Carrying
value
 
Estimated
fair value
(In millions of Canadian dollars)       
Total debt100.0
 100.0
 
 

Level 2 input values were used to measure the estimated fair value of the long term debt balance as of March 31, 2018.

3.4. Equity

As of March 31, 2018,2019, we had (i) 103.734.9 million and 243.481.4 million of Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares outstanding, respectively, with no par value, for an aggregate of 347.1116.3 million voting shares outstandingoutstanding; (ii) 12.0 million and 10.0 million of Series 1 Preferred Shares and Series 3 Preferred Shares outstanding, respectively,respectively; and (iii) 0.80.2 million of restricted stock awards outstanding.


Preferred Share Dividends

The following table provides information regarding dividends declared and paid, and declared, but not yetor to be paid, as applicable, on our Preferred Shares during the three months ended March 31, 2018:2019.
Period Total Series 1 quarterly dividend per share for the periodTotal Series 3 quarterly dividend per share for the period(a) Date of declaration Date of record Date of dividendTotal amount of dividends paid in cash
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)     
November 15, 2017 to February 14, 2018 (a) 0.328125
0.22082
 January 17, 2018 January 31, 2018 February 15, 20186.1
February 15, 2018 to May 14, 2018 0.328125
0.325
 April 18, 2018 April 30, 2018 May 15, 2018

________
(a) Series 3 per share amount reflects that the shares were outstanding for 62 days during the period ended February 14, 2018.
Period Series 1 quarterly dividend per share for the periodSeries 3 quarterly dividend per share for the period Date of declaration Date of record Date of dividendTotal amount of dividends paid in cash
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)     
November 15, 2018 to February 14, 2019 0.328125
0.325
 January 16, 2019 January 31, 2019 February 15, 20197.2
February 15, 2019 to May 14, 2019 0.328125
0.325
 April 17, 2019 April 30, 2019 May 15, 2019 

Restricted Voting Share Dividends

The following table provides information regarding dividends declared and paid, and declared, but not yetor to be paid, as applicable, on our Restricted Voting ShareShares during the three months ended March 31, 2018.2019.
For the three month period ended Dividend rate per share Date of declaration Date of record Date of dividend Total amount of dividends paid in cash(a) Total amount of dividends paid in form of additional shares
    (In millions of Canadian dollars)
December 31, 2017 0.1625
 January 17, 2018 January 31, 2018 February 15, 2018 11.8
 5.1
March 31, 2018 0.1625
 April 18, 2018 April 30, 2018 May 15, 2018 

 

For the three month period ended Dividend rate per share Date of declaration Date of record Date of dividend Total amount of dividends paid in cash
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)    
December 31, 2018 0.1625
 January 16, 2019 January 31, 2019 February 15, 2019 5.7
March 31, 2019 0.1625
 April 17, 2019 April 30, 2019 May 15, 2019  
________
(a)Amount includes notional dividends on outstanding restricted stock awards of $0.1 million.
Effective January 16, 2019, our board of directors suspended the dividend reinvestment plan for our Restricted Voting Shares, including with respect to the dividend we paid on February 15, 2019.

Kinder Morgan Interest Distributions
        
The following table provides information regarding distributions declared and paid, and declared, but not yetor to be paid, as applicable, to Kinder Morgan during the three months ended March 31, 2018.2019.
For the three month period ended Dividend rate per share Date of declaration Date of distribution Total amount of distribution paid in cash Total amount of distribution paid in form of additional shares
  (In millions of Canadian dollars)
December 31, 2017 0.1625
 January 17, 2018 February 15, 2018 31.0
 9.9
March 31, 2018 0.1625
 April 18, 2018 May 15, 2018 

 

For the three month period ended Dividend rate per share Date of declaration Date of distribution Total amount of distribution paid in cash
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)  
December 31, 2018 0.1625
 January 16, 2019 February 15, 2019 13.2
March 31, 2019 0.1625
 April 17, 2019 May 15, 2019  
    
Earnings per Restricted Voting Share

We calculate earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations using the two-class method. Earnings were allocated to Restricted Voting Shares and participating securities based on the amount of dividends paid in the current period plus an allocation of the undistributed earnings or excess distributions over earnings to the extent that each security participates in earnings or excess distributions over earnings. Our unvested restricted stock awards, which may be settled in Restricted Voting Shares issued to employees and non-employee directors and include dividend equivalent payments, do not participate in excess distributions over earnings.


The following table sets forth the allocation of net income from continuing operations available to shareholders of Restricted Voting Shares and participating securities:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)   
Income from Continuing Operations Available to Restricted Voting Stockholders4.2
 1.8
Participating securities:   
    Less: Income from Continuing Operations allocated to restricted stock awards(a)
 (0.1)
Income from Continuing Operations Allocated to Restricted Voting Stockholders4.2
 1.7
    
Basic Weighted Average Restricted Voting Shares Outstanding34.9
 34.5
Basic Earnings Per Restricted Voting Share from Continuing Operations0.12
 0.05
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)dollars, except per share amounts) 
Net Income from Discontinued Operations Available to Restricted Voting Stockholders10.89.0
Participating securities: 
    Less: Net incomeIncome from Discontinued Operations allocated to restricted stock awards(a)(0.1)
Net Income from Discontinued Operations Allocated to Restricted Voting Stockholders10.78.9
  
Basic Weighted Average Restricted Voting Shares Outstanding103.534.5
Basic Earnings Per Restricted Voting Share from Discontinued Operations0.100.26
_______
(a)As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were approximately 0.2 million and 0.8 million unvested restricted stock awards.awards, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018,2019, the weighted average maximum number of potential Restricted Voting Share equivalents of 0.80.2 million of unvested restricted stock awards are antidilutive and, accordingly, are excluded from the determination of diluted earnings per Restricted Voting Share.

4.
5. Transactions with Related Parties

Affiliate Activities

The following table summarizes our related partyrelated-party income statement activity. Revenues, operating costs and capitalized costs are under normal trade terms.
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017
(In millions of Canadian dollars)   
Income Statement location   
Revenues-Services(a)15.4
 14.8
Operations and maintenance and general and administrative expenses1.9
 1.1
Interest expense(b)
 11.7
Other   
Capitalized costs from affiliates in property, plant and equipment0.2
 2.0
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)   
Revenues-Services-affiliate(a)15.6
 15.4
Operations and maintenance and general and administrative expenses2.6
 1.3
_______________
(a)Amounts represent sales to a customer who is a related partyrelated-party through joint ownership of a joint venture.joint-venture.
(b)2017 primarily represents interest on long-term debt with affiliates (“KMI Loans”) that was repaid with proceeds form our IPO.


Accounts receivable and payable

Accounts receivable-affiliate and accounts payable-affiliate are non-interest bearing and are settled on demand and sincegenerally settled monthly. The following table summarizes our IPO, settled monthly.affiliate balances:

Other current assets
 March 31 December 31,
 2019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)   
Accounts receivable(a)3.8
 0.2
Contract accounts receivable(b)
 0.7
Prepayment(b)0.1
 
Accounts payable(c)1.6
 4.7
Contract liabilities(d)0.2
 

________
As of March 31, 2018, we had an affiliate contract account receivable balance of approximately $1.0 million included in “Other current assets” on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(a)Included in “Accounts receivable” on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(b)Included in “Other current assets” on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(c)Included in “Accounts payable” on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(d)Included in “Other current liabilities” on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

5.6.  Risk Management and Financial Instruments

 Credit risk

We are exposed to credit risk, which is the risk that a customer or other counterparty will fail to perform an obligation or settle a liability, resulting in a financial loss to our business, which is primarily concentrated in the crude oil and refined products transportation industry and is dependent upon the ability of our customers to pay for these services. A majority of our customers operate in the oil and gas exploration and development, or energy marketing or transportation industries. We may be exposed to long-term downturns in energy commodity prices, including the price for crude oil, or other credit events impacting these industries. We limit our exposure to credit risk by requiring shippers who fail to maintain specified credit ratings or a suitable financial position to provide acceptable security, generally in the form of guarantees from credit worthy parties or letters of credit from well rated financial institutions. Our cash and cash equivalents are held with major financial institutions, minimizing the risk of non-performance by counter parties.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk attributed to floating rate debt, which is used to finance capital expansion projects, including the TMEP, and general corporate operations. The changes in interest rates may impact future cash flows and the fair value of our financial instruments.


Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

Foreign currency transaction gains or losses result from a change in exchange rates between the functional currency of an entity and the currency in which a transaction is denominated. Unrealized and realized gains and losses generated from these transactions are recorded in foreign exchange (loss) gainloss in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and include:

Prior to repayment of the KMI Loans utilizing proceeds from our IPO, we were exposed to foreign currency risk related to the U.S. dollar denominated KMI Loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we hadOur continuing operations unrealized foreign exchange gain of $10.1 million related to the KMI Loans.

Unrealized foreign exchangelosses and gains for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 were $0.5$(0.1) million and $0.8$0.5 million, respectively, due to changes in exchange rates between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar on U.S. dollar denominated balances. These currency exchange rate fluctuations affect the expected Canadian dollar cash flows on unsettled U.S. dollar denominated transactions, primarily related to cash bank accounts that are denominated in U.S. dollars and affiliate receivables or payables that are denominated in U.S. dollars. We translate the assets and liabilities of Puget Sound that has the U.S. dollar as its functional currency to Canadian dollars at period-end exchange rates.

Puget Sound operates in the state of Washington, and earns its revenues and incurs most of its expenses in U.S. dollars and Cochin earns its revenues in U.S. dollars. Therefore, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate can affect the earnings contributed by Puget Sound and Cochin to our overall results. ForOur continuing operations had realized foreign exchange losses of none and $(0.8) million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we had a realized foreign exchange loss of $0.7 million.respectively.


Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our financial obligations, including commitments, as they become due. We manage our liquidity risk by ensuring access to sufficient funds to meet our obligations. We forecast cash requirements to ensure funding is available to settle financial liabilities when they become due. Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are funds generated from operations and our 2018 Credit Facility, see Note 2.3.

6.7.  Revenue Recognition

Adoption of Topic 606
Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and the series of related accounting standard updates that followed (collectively referred to as “Topic 606”). We utilized the modified retrospective method to adopt Topic 606, which required us to apply the new revenue standard to (i) all new revenue contracts entered into after January 1, 2018, and (ii) revenue contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. In accordance with this approach, our consolidated revenues for periods prior to January 1, 2018 were not revised. The cumulative effect of the adoption of Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018 and the impact to the financial statement line items for the current year was not material.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Beginning in 2018, we account for revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Topic 606. The unit of account in Topic 606 is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract to transfer to a customer either a distinct good or service (or bundle of goods and services) or a series of distinct goods or services provided over a period of time. Topic 606 requires that a contract’s transaction price, which is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, is to be allocated to each performance obligation in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices and recognized as revenue when (point in time) or as (over time) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Our customer service contracts primarily include transportation service and terminaling service contracts, as described below. Generally, for the majority of these contracts: (i) our promise is to transfer (or stand ready to transfer) a series of distinct integrated services over a period of time, which is a single performance obligation; (ii) the transaction price includes fixed and/or variable consideration, which amount is determinable at contract inception and/or at each month end based on our right to invoice at month end for the value of services provided to the customer that month; and (iii) the transaction price is recognized as revenue over the service period specified in the contract (which can be a day, including each day in a series of promised daily services, a month, a year, or other time increment, including a deficiency makeup period) as the services are rendered using a time-based (passage of time) or units-based (units of service transferred) method for measuring transfer of control of the services

and progress towards satisfying our performance obligation, based on the nature of the promised service (e.g., firm or non-firm) and the terms and conditions of the contract (e.g., contracts with or without makeup rights).

Firm Services

Firm services (also called uninterruptible services) are services that are promised to be available to the customer at all times during the period(s) covered by the contract, with limited exceptions. Our firm service contracts are typically structured with take-or-pay or minimum volume provisions, which specify minimum service quantities a customer will pay for even if it chooses not to receive or use them in the specified service period (referred to as “deficiency quantities”). We typically recognize the portion of the transaction price associated with such provisions, including any deficiency quantities, as revenue depending on whether the contract prohibits the customer from making up deficiency quantities in subsequent periods, or the contract permits this practice, as follows:

Contracts without Makeup Rights: If contractually the customer cannot make up deficiency quantities in future periods, our performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue associated with any deficiency quantities is generally recognized as each service period expires. Because a service period may exceed a reporting period, we determine at inception of the contract and at each subsequent reporting period if we expect the customer to take the minimum volume associated with the service period. If we expect the customer to make up all deficiencies in the specified service period (i.e., we expect the customer to take the minimum service quantities), the minimum volume provision is deemed not substantive and we will recognize the transaction price as revenue in the specified service period as the promised units of services are transferred to the customer. Alternatively, if we expect that there will be any deficiency quantities that the customer cannot or will not make up in the specified service period (referred to as “breakage”), we will recognize the estimated breakage amount (subject to the constraint on variable consideration) as revenue ratably over such service period in proportion to the revenue that we will recognize for actual units of service transferred to the customer in the service period. For certain take-or-pay contracts where we make the service, or a part of the service, continuously available over the service period, we typically recognize the take-or-pay amount as revenue ratably over such period based on the passage of time.

Contracts with Makeup Rights: If contractually the customer can acquire the promised service in a future period and make up the deficiency quantities in such future period (the “deficiency makeup period”), we have a performance obligation to deliver those services at the customer’s request (subject to contractual and/or capacity constraints) in the deficiency makeup period. At inception of the contract, and at each subsequent reporting period, we estimate if we expect that there will be deficiency quantities that the customer will or will not make up. If we expect the customer will make up all deficiencies it is contractually entitled to, any consideration received relating to temporary deficiencies that will be made up in the deficiency makeup period will be deferred as a contract liability, and we will recognize that amount as revenue in the deficiency makeup period when either of the following occurs: (i) the customer makes up the volumes; or (ii) the likelihood that the customer will exercise its right for deficiency volumes then becomes remote (e.g., there is insufficient capacity to make up the volumes, the deficiency makeup period expires). Alternatively, if we expect at inception of the contract, or at the beginning of any subsequent reporting period, that there will be any deficiency quantities that the customer cannot or will not make up (i.e., breakage), we will recognize the estimated breakage amount (subject to the constraint on variable consideration) as revenue ratably over the specified service periods in proportion to the revenue that we will recognize for actual units of service transferred to the customer in those service periods.

Non-Firm Services

Non-firm services (also called interruptible services) are the opposite of firm services in that such services are provided to a customer on an “as available” basis. Generally, we do not have an obligation to perform these services until we accept a customer’s periodic request for service. For the majority of our non-firm service contracts, the customer will pay only for the actual quantities of services it chooses to receive or use, and we typically recognize the transaction price as revenue as those units of service are transferred to the customer in the specified service period (typically a daily or monthly period).

Nature of Revenue by Segment
Pipelines Segment
We provide crude oil and refined petroleum transportation and storage services on a firm or non-firm basis. The regulated tariffs for TMPL, Cochin and Puget Sound are designed to provide revenues sufficient to recover the costs of providing transportation and storage services to shippers, including a return on invested capital. TMPL and Puget Sound are common carrier pipelines, generally providing services on a non-firm basis. The majority of Cochin’s transportation service is provided on a firm basis under

its current contracts.

TMPL’s revenue is adjusted according to terms prescribed in its toll settlement with shippers as approved by the NEB. Differences between transportation revenue recognized pursuant to its toll settlement and actual toll receipts are recognized as regulatory assets or liabilities and are settled in future tolls.

For Cochin’s firm transportation service, we typically promise to transport on a stand-ready basis the shipper’s minimum volume commitment amount. The shipper is obligated to pay for its volume commitment amount, regardless of whether or not it flows quantities in Cochin’s pipeline. The shipper pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for quantities transported, including amounts attributable to deficiency quantities.

Our non-firm, interruptible transportation and storage services are provided on TMPL, Cochin and Puget Sound pipelines when and to the extent we determine capacity is available in these pipeline systems and/or terminal storage facilities. The shippers typically pay a per-unit rate for actual quantities of product injected into/withdrawn from storage and/or transported.

Terminals Segment

We provide various types of liquid tank and bulk terminal services. These services are generally comprised of inbound, storage and outbound handling of customer products.

Our liquid tank storage and handling service contracts generally include a promised tank storage capacity provision and prepaid volume throughput of the stored product. In these contracts, we have a stand-ready obligation to perform this contracted service each day over the life of the contract. The customer pays a transaction price typically in the form of a fixed monthly charge and is obligated to pay whether or not it uses the storage capacity and throughput service (i.e., a take-or-pay payment obligation). These contracts generally include a per-unit rate for any quantities we handle at the request of the customer in excess of the prepaid volume throughput amount and also typically include per-unit rates for additional, ancillary services that may be periodically requested by the customer.

Our bulk storage and handling contracts generally include inbound handling of our customers’ dry bulk material product into our storage facility and outbound handling of these products from our storage facility. These services are provided on both a firm and non-firm basis. In our firm bulk storage and handling contracts, we are committed to handle and store on a stand-ready basis the minimum throughput quantity of bulk materials contracted by the customer. The customer is obligated to pay for its minimum volume commitment amount, regardless of whether or not it uses the storage and handling service. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for quantities handled, including amounts attributable to deficiency quantities. For non-firm storage and handling services, the customer pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for quantities handled on an as requested, non-guaranteed basis.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by revenue source and type of revenue for each revenue source:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
PipelinesTerminalsTotalPipelinesTerminalsTotal
(In millions of Canadian dollars)  
Revenue from contracts with customers  
Services  
Firm services(a)12.7
54.6
67.3
13.6
63.4
77.0
Fee-based services80.9
16.5
97.4
0.6
18.5
19.1
Total revenue from contracts with customers93.6
71.1
164.7
14.2
81.9
96.1
Other revenues(b)(3.6)3.1
(0.5)1.8
4.1
5.9
Total revenues90.0
74.2
164.2
16.0
86.0
102.0

 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 PipelinesTerminalsTotal
(In millions of Canadian dollars)   
Revenue from contracts with customers   
Services   
   Firm services(a)12.7
54.6
67.3
     Fee-based services
16.5
16.5
        Total revenue from contracts with customers12.7
71.1
83.8
Other revenues(b)1.7
3.1
4.8
          Total revenues14.4
74.2
88.6
______
(a) Includes non-cancellable firm service customer contracts with take-or-pay or minimum volume commitment elements, including those contracts where both the price and quantity amount are fixed. In these arrangements, the customer is obligated to pay for the rendered service whether or not the customer chooses to utilize the service. Excludes service contracts with indexed-based pricing, which along with revenues from other contracts are reported as Fee-based services.

(b) Amounts recognized as revenue under guidance prescribed in Topics of the Accounting Standards Codification other than in Topic 606 and primarily includesinclude regulatory-based adjustments for TMPL and leases. See Note 11 for additional information related to our lessor contracts.

Contract Balances

Contract assets and contract liabilities are the result of timing differences between revenue recognition, billings and cash collections. We recognize contract assets in those instances where billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition and our right to invoice the customer is conditioned on something other than the passage of time. Our contract liabilities are substantially related to (i) capital improvements paid for in advance by certain customers, generally in our non-regulated businesses, which we subsequently recognize as revenue on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the related customer contracts and (ii) consideration received from customers for temporary deficiency quantities under minimum volume contracts that we expect will be made up in a future period, which we subsequently recognize as revenue when the customer makes up the volumes or the likelihood that the customer will exercise its right for deficiency volumes becomes remote (e.g., there is insufficient capacity to make up the volumes, the deficiency makeup period expires).

The following table presents the activity in our contract assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2018:liabilities:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)   
Contract Assets(a)   
Balance at beginning of period1.6
 9.1
Additions0.6
 3.8
Reductions(1.0) 
Transfer to accounts receivable(0.8) (11.6)
Balance at end of period0.4
 1.3
    
Contract Liabilities   
Balance at beginning of period(b)80.3
 67.9
Additions31.1
 38.1
Reductions(0.6) 
Transfer to revenues(31.2) (37.6)
Balance at end of period(c)79.6
 68.4
_________
(a)Includes all current balances reported within “Other current assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(In millions(b)Includes current and non-current balances of Canadian dollars)$12.8 million and $67.5 million, respectively, in 2019 and $14.5 million and $53.4 million, respectively, in 2018, reported within “Other current liabilities” and “Contract liabilities,” respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Contract Assets (a)(c)
 Balance at December 31, 20179.1
 Additions3.8
 Transfer to Accounts receivable(11.6)
   Balance at March 31,Includes current and non-current balances of $15.8 million and $63.8 million, respectively, in 2019 and $11.7 million and $56.7 million, respectively, in 2018,1.3
Contract Liabilities (b)
 Balance at December 31, 201767.9
 Additions38.1
 Transfer to Revenues(37.6)
   Balance at March 31, 201868.4
reported within “Other current liabilities” and “Contract liabilities,” respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
______
(a) Includes current balances reported within “Other current assets” in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

(b) Includes current balances of $11.7 million and $14.4 million reported within “Other current liabilities” in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and includes non-current balances of $56.7 million and $53.5 million reported within “Deferred revenues” in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Revenue Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table presents our estimated revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, representing our “contractually committed” revenue as of March 31, 20182019 that we will invoice or transfer from contract liabilities and recognize in future periods (in millions of Canadian dollars):periods:
YearEstimated RevenueEstimated Revenue
Nine months ended December 31, 2018252.2
2019258.5
(In millions of Canadian dollars) 
Nine months ended December 31, 2019243.0
2020203.1
271.3
2021185.8
222.8
2022151.5
191.6
2023181.4
Thereafter523.6
484.0
Total1,574.7
1,594.1
Our contractually committed revenue for purposes of the tabular presentation above is generally limited to service customer contracts, which have fixed pricing and fixed volume terms and conditions, generally including contracts with take-or-pay or minimum volume commitment payment obligations. Our contractually committed revenue amounts generally exclude based on the following practical expedients that we elected to apply, remaining performance obligations for: (i) contracts with index-based pricing or variable volume attributes in which such variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms part of a series of distinct services; (ii) contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less; and (iii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount for which we have the right to invoice for services performed.


7.8.  Reportable Segments

Our reportable business segments are based on the way management organizes the enterprise. Each of our reportable business segments represent a component of the enterprise that engages in a separate business activity and for which discrete financial information is available.

Our reportable business segments are:

Pipelines - the ownership and operation of (i) TMPL that currently transports approximately 300,000 bpd of crude oil and refined petroleum from Edmonton, Alberta to Burnaby, B.C.; (ii) Puget Sound serving the state of Washington; (iii) Jet Fuel serving Vancouver International Airport; (iv) KMCI, the employer of Canadian staff; and (v) Cochin, a 12-inch diameter multi-product pipeline which spans approximately 1,000 kilometers in Saskatchewan and Alberta; and

Terminals - the ownership and operation of liquid product merchant storage and rail terminals in the Edmonton, Alberta market as well as a predominantly dry cargo import/export facility in North Vancouver, B.C.

We evaluate the performance of our reportable business segments by evaluating our Segment earnings before depreciation and amortization expenses (“Segment EBDA”). We believe that Segment EBDA is a useful measure of our operating performance because it measures segment operating results before D&A and certain expenses that are generally not controllable byThe amounts in the operating managers of our respective business segments, such as general and administrative expense, interest expense, income tax expense and prior to May 2017,following tables exclude discontinued operations for the foreign exchange losses (or gains) on the KMI Loans. Our general and administrative expenses include such items as employee benefits, insurance, rentals, certain litigation and shared corporate services including accounting, information technology, human resources and legal services. Certain general and administrative expenses attributable to Trans Mountain are billable as flow through items to shippers and result in incremental revenues.

We consider each period’s earnings before all non-cash D&A expenses to be an important measure of business segment performance for our reporting segments. We account for intersegment sales at market prices, while we account for asset transfers at either market value or, in some instances, book value. Intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

2018 period, see Note 2. Financial information by segment for continuing operations is as follows: 
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)      
Revenues      
Terminals86.0
 74.2
Pipelines90.0
 89.5
16.0
 14.4
Terminals74.2
 75.0
Total consolidated revenues164.2
 164.5
102.0
 88.6
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)      
Segment EBDA(c)(b)
      
Terminals51.6
 42.6
Pipelines63.6
 56.3
10.3
 6.3
Terminals53.6
 54.1
Total Segment EBDA117.2
 110.4
61.9
 48.9
D&A(36.8) (34.8)(21.8) (19.7)
Foreign exchange gain (loss) on KMI Loans(c)
 10.1
General and administrative expenses and corporate charges(19.2) (18.0)
Interest expense, net(0.3) (6.7)
General and administrative(11.1) (8.9)
Interest income (expense), net1.2
 (0.4)
Income tax expense(16.5) (14.2)(8.9) (5.9)
Total consolidated net income44.4
 46.8
Income from Continuing Operations21.3

14.0
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
 30.4
Net Income21.3

44.4
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)      
Assets      
Pipelines3,245.5
 3,077.0
Terminals1,391.0
 1,375.7
1,389.7
 974.2
Pipelines(c)198.0
 4,395.4
Total consolidated assets 4,636.5
 4,452.7
1,587.7
 5,369.6
_______
(a)Includes revenues less operations and maintenance expenses,expense, and taxes, other than income taxes.taxes and other, net.
(b)Includes revenues and other (income) expense less operating expenses and other, net. Segment EBDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 includes (i) $(0.2)$(0.1) million and $0.7$(0.3) million, respectively, of foreign exchange gains (losses)losses due to changes in exchange rates between our Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar on U.S. dollar denominated balances, and (ii) $11.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of capitalized equity financing costs.balances.
(c)The KMI Loans, which represented U.S. dollar denominated long-term notes payableDecember 31, 2018 amount includes approximately $3,977.4 million of cash distributed to Kinder Morgan, were settled with proceeds from our IPO.shareholders as a Return of Capital on January 3, 2019 and approximately $307.6 million of cash to pay accrued income taxes related to the gain on the Trans Mountain Transaction.

8.9.  Income Taxes

Income tax expense applicable to continuing operations included in our accompanying consolidated statements of income is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except percentages)      
Income tax expense16.5
 14.2
Income tax expense applicable to continuing operations8.9
 5.9
Effective tax rate27.1% 23.4%29.5% 29.6%


The effective tax raterates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was consistent with the statutory federal and provincial rate of 27%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was lowerwere higher than the statutory federal and provincial rate of 27%27.0% primarily due to the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in respect of the KMI Loans which resulted in the release of the valuation allowance.non-deductible inter-corporate charges.

As a result of our IPO and subsequent revaluation (or rebalancing) of our investment in the Limited Partnership, our tax basis exceeds our accounting basis in our investment in the Limited Partnership by approximately $858.0 million.$1.1 billion. This excess tax basis results in a deferred tax asset of approximately $116.0 million.$143.0 million as of March 31, 2019. A full valuation allowance was takenrecorded against this deferred tax asset as we determined it was more likely than not to not be realized.

9.  Benefit Plans

ComponentsIncome tax expense in respect of net benefit cost relatedour discontinued operations includes income tax expense on the Trans Mountain Asset Group earnings. Our effective tax rate on income from discontinued operations was 25.9% for the three month period ended March 31, 2018.  The effective tax rate on our income from discontinued operations is lower than the statutory federal and provincial rate of 27.0% primarily due to our pension plans and other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plansU.S. earnings from Puget Sound which are as follows:
 Pension OPEB
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018
2017
 2018
2017
(In millions of Canadian dollars)     
Service cost2.7
2.1
 0.2
0.2
Interest cost2.1
2.0
 0.2
0.2
Expected return on assets(2.3)(1.9) 

Amortization of net actuarial losses0.8
1.0
 

Total net benefit cost3.3
3.2
 0.4
0.4
not subject to Canadian income taxes to the extent of the ownership interest that was attributed to Kinder Morgan.

10.  Change in Operating Assets and Liabilities

The following amounts include changes for the Trans Mountain Asset Group’s operating assets and liabilities, see Note 2.
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 20172019 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)Cash inflow (outflow)Cash inflow (outflow)
Accounts receivable(14.0) (22.8)3.6
 (8.6)
Accounts receivable-affiliates5.4
 (29.2)
Prepaid expenses and deposits(2.3) (4.9)
Inventories(0.1) (0.3)0.1
 (0.1)
Other current assets0.4
 (3.8)(9.7) (1.9)
Deferred charges and other assets(3.7) (6.7)(0.4) (3.7)
Accounts payable(4.2) (5.6)(9.2) (3.1)
Accounts payable-affiliates1.1
 27.5
Accrued interest-affiliates
 11.7
Accrued taxes(307.2) 9.5
Other current liabilities17.6
 15.5
(6.3) 8.1
Pension and postretirement benefits(0.9) (0.9)
Regulatory liabilities and other deferred credits26.3
 (5.3)
Other deferred credits0.2
 25.4
25.6
 (24.8)(328.9) 25.6

11.  Leases

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” and the series of related Accounting Standards Updates that followed (collectively referred to as “Topic 842”). The most significant changes under the new guidance include clarification of the definition of a lease, and the requirements for lessees to recognize a ROU asset and a lease liability for all qualifying leases with terms longer than 12 months in the consolidated balance sheet. In addition, under Topic 842, additional disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

We elected the practical expedient available to us under ASU 2018-11 “Leases: Targeted Improvements” which allows us to apply the transition provision for Topic 842 at our adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented in our financial statements. Therefore, we recognized and measured leases existing at January 1, 2019 but without retrospective application. In addition, we elected the optional practical expedient permitted under the transition guidance related to land easements which allows us to carry forward our historical accounting treatment for land easements on existing agreements upon adoption. We also elected all other available practical expedients except the hindsight practical expedient.


The impact of Topic 842 on our consolidated balance sheet beginning January 1, 2019 was through the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. Amounts recognized at January 1, 2019 for operating leases were as follows:
January 1, 2019
(In millions of Canadian dollars)
ROU assets518.1
Current lease liabilities17.3
Long-term lease liabilities500.8

No impact was recorded to the income statement or beginning retained earnings for adoption of Topic 842.

Lessee

We lease property including corporate and field offices and facilities, vehicles, heavy work equipment, tanks and pipe racks, and land. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 to 25 years, some of which have options to extend or terminate the lease. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms may be deemed to include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.

Beginning January 1, 2019, operating ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Operating leases in effect prior to January 1, 2019 were recognized at the present value of the remaining payments on the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019. Leases with variable rate adjustments, such as Consumer Price Index (CPI) adjustments, were reflected based on contractual lease payments as outlined within the lease agreement and not adjusted for any CPI increases or decreases. For the majority of our operating leases, we use our contracted rate of return of 7.0% based on lease term information available at the commencement date of the lease in determining the present value of lease payments. We have real estate lease agreements with lease and non-lease components which are accounted for separately, while for the remainder of our agreements we have elected the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Leases that were grandfathered under various portions of Topic 842, such as land easements, would be reassessed in the event of any modifications to those agreements.

Following are components of our lease cost:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(In millions of Canadian dollars)
Operating leases13.3
Short-term and variable leases0.8
Total lease cost14.1

Other information related to our operating leases are as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except lease term and discount rate)
Operating cash flows from operating leases(14.1)
Amortization of ROU assets4.5
Weighted average remaining lease term19.20 years
Weighted average discount rate6.93%


Operating lease obligations under non-cancellable leases (excluding short-term leases) are as follows:
 
March 31,
2019
December 31, 2018(a)
(In millions of Canadian dollars)  
2019 (nine months ended December 31, 2019)39.1
 
2019 52.3
202050.6
50.4
202149.7
49.6
202249.6
49.5
202347.8
47.6
Thereafter699.1
699.1
Total Lease Payments935.9
948.5
Less: Interest(422.3) 
Present Value of future minimum operating lease payments513.6
 
_______
(a)This table has been revised from the previously reported December 31, 2018 future gross minimum rental commitments under our operating lease obligations to correct amounts previously reported to include additional $656.0 million of undiscounted future lease payments, primarily in the “Thereafter” amount associated with the 2018 extension of the Edmonton South lease through December 2038.

Short-term lease costs are not material to us and are anticipated to be similar to the current year short-term lease obligations outlined in this disclosure.

Lessor

The property we lease under operating leases consists primarily of specific facilities at which one customer obtains substantially all of the economic benefit from the asset and has the right to direct the use of the asset. These leases primarily consist of storage and pipeline facilities. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one to 25 years, some of which have options to extend the lease for up to 15 years. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. None of our leases allow the lessee to purchase the leased asset.

Lease income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 totaled $4.1 million, including variable lease payments that are excluded from the following disclosure as the amounts cannot be reasonably estimated for future periods.
.

Future minimum operating lease revenues based on contractual agreements are as follows:
 March 31, 2019
(In millions of Canadian dollars) 
2019 (nine months ended December 31, 2019)6.1
20207.3
20217.5
20227.6
20237.8
Thereafter105.4
Total141.7

Options for a lessee to renew the contract are not included as part of future minimum operating lease revenues. We elected the practical expedient available to us to not separate lease and non-lease components under these agreements. Any modification of a lease will result in a reevaluation of the lease classification.


12.  Litigation and Contingencies
 
Legal Proceedings

We and our subsidiaries are parties to various legal, regulatory and other matters arising from the day-to-day operations of our businesses or certain predecessor operations that may result in claims against the Company. Although no assurance can be given, we believe, based on our experiences to date and taking into account established reserves and insurance, that the ultimate resolution of such items will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or dividends to our shareholders. We believe we have meritorious defenses to the matters to which we are a party and intend to vigorously defend the Company. When we determine a loss is probable of occurring and is reasonably estimable, we accrue an undiscounted liability for such contingencies based on our best estimate using information available at that time. If the estimated loss is a range of potential outcomes and there is no better estimate within the range, we accrue the amount at the low end of the range. We disclose contingencies where an adverse outcome may be material, or in the judgment of management, we conclude the matter should otherwise be disclosed. We had no accruals for any outstanding legal proceedings as of March 31, 20182019 and December 31, 2017.2018.

Base Line Terminal Project Litigation

On March 2, 2018, Arnett & Burgess Oilfield Construction Limited (“A&B”) filed a statement of claim and certificate of lis pendens, in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, against Alberta Envirofuels Inc. (“AEF”) and Base Line Terminal East Limited Partnership, by its general partner, KM Canada Rail Holdings GP Limited (“BLTELP”). A&B was a contractor on the Base Line

Terminal Project (the “BTT Project”) and has claimed it is owed $21.2 million, inclusive of goods and services tax, asserting that BLTELP failed to pay A&B for work performed on the BTT Project under a construction services agreement.

On March 26, 2018, A&B filed a separate statement of claim, in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, against BLTELP solely, asserting that BLTELP failed to pay for work performed under a separate construction services agreement also related to the BTT Project. With respect to the second claim, A&B has claimed it is owed approximately $1$1.0 million, inclusive of goods and services tax. We dispute both claims and intend to defend both claimsagainst them vigorously.

TMEP Litigation

There are numerous legal challenges pending before the Federal Court of Appeal which have been filed by various governmental and non-governmental organizations, First Nations or other parties that seek judicial review of the recommendation of the NEB and subsequent decision by the Federal Governor in Council to conditionally approve TMEP. The petitions allege, among other things, that additional consultation, engagement or accommodation is required and that various non-economic impacts of TMEP were not adequately considered. The remedies sought include requests that the NEB recommendation be quashed, that additional consultations be undertaken, and that the order of the Governor in Council approving TMEP be quashed. After provincial elections in B.C. on May 9, 2017, the New Democratic Party and Green Party formed a majority government. The new B.C. government sought and was granted limited intervenor status in the Federal Court of Appeal proceedings to argue against the government’s approval of TMEP.  A hearing was conducted by the Federal Court of Appeal from October 2 through October 13, 2017. A decision is expected in the coming months, and is subject to potential further appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. Although we believe that each of the foregoing appeals lacks merit, in the event an applicant is successful at the Supreme Court of Canada, among other potential impacts, the NEB recommendation or Governor in Council’s approval may be quashed, permits may be revoked, TMEP may be subject to additional significant regulatory reviews, there may be significant changes to TMEP plans, further obligations or restrictions may be implemented, or TMEP may be stopped altogether, which could materially impact the overall feasibility or economic benefits of TMEP, which in turn would have a material adverse effect on us.

In addition to the judicial reviews of the NEB recommendation report and Governor in Council’s order, two judicial review proceedings have been commenced at the Supreme Court of B.C. (the Squamish Nation and the City of Vancouver). The petitions allege a duty and failure to consult or accommodate First Nations, and generally, among other claims, that the B.C. government ought not to have approved TMEP. Each applicant seeks to quash the Environmental Assessment Certificate (“EAC”) that was issued by the B.C. Environmental Assessment Office. On September 29, 2017, the B.C. government filed evidence in support of the EAC in the judicial review proceeding involving the Squamish Nation. Hearings were conducted in October and November 2017, respectively, for the City of Vancouver and the Squamish Nation judicial review proceedings and the Court took the matters under consideration with decisions expected in the coming months. Although we believe that each of the foregoing appeals lacks merit, in the event that an applicant for judicial review is successful, among other potential impacts, the EAC may be quashed, provincial permits may be revoked, TMEP may be subject to additional significant regulatory reviews, there may be significant changes to TMEP plans, further obligations or restrictions may be imposed, or TMEP may be stopped altogether. In the event that an applicant is unsuccessful at the Supreme Court of B.C., they may further seek to appeal the decision to the B.C. Court of Appeal. Any decision of the B.C. Court of Appeal may be appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada. A successful appeal at either of these levels could result in the same types of consequences described above.

On October 26, 2017June 5, 2018, Barrier Coating Inc. (“Barrier”) filed a statement of claim and November 14, 2017,certificate of lis pendens in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta against Enbridge Pipelines Inc., AEF, Strathcona County, BLTELP, KM Canada Rail Holdings GP Limited, Keyera Energy Ltd., Trans Mountain and Fabricom Inc. (“Fabricom”). Barrier is a subcontractor on the BTT Project and has a construction agreement with Fabricom (the “Fabricom Agreement”). In its claim, Barrier asserts that Fabricom has breached its obligations under the Fabricom Agreement and, as such, Fabricom owes damages to Barrier. The remaining defendants, including BLTELP, KM Canada Rail Holdings GP Limited and Trans Mountain, have been named in the claim as parties with registered interests on lands affected by the work performed by Barrier under the Fabricom Agreement. Barrier asserts that these parties were, collectively, unjustly enriched in the amount of $2.5 million. This matter was resolved and dismissed without any payment from any KM affiliate.

On September 6, 2018, Fabricom filed motionsa statement of claim and certificate of lis pendens in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, against KM Canada Terminals ULC, BLTELP, Trans Mountain, AEF, Doran Stewart Oilfield Services (1990) Ltd., Alberta Envirofuels Inc., Enbridge Pipelines Inc., and Strathcona County. Fabricom was a contractor on the BTT Project, and claims that it is owed $30.4 million by BLTELP above the contract value for work performed on the BTT Project under a construction services agreement. Fabricom subsequently sent a notice of arbitration incorporating its claim. Pursuant to a provision in the construction services agreement, the dispute will be resolved by arbitration and the Court of Queen’s Bench matter will be stayed. We dispute this claim and intend to defend against it vigorously.


British Columbia Utilities Commission (“BCUC”) Proceeding

The tariff and associated rates charged by Kinder Morgan Canada (Jet Fuel) Inc. (“KMJF”) are subject to an ongoing proceeding at the BCUC. On November 29, 2018, KMJF filed with the NEB. The first motion soughtBCUC an application of a tariff to resolve delays experienced by Trans Mountain in obtaining preliminary plan approvals fromextend the Cityexisting terms and settlement rates for the transportation of Burnaby. The second motion soughtturbine fuel to establish an NEB process to backstop provincialthe Vancouver International Airport and municipal processes in a fair, transparent and expedited fashion.the Burnaby Terminal, effective January 1, 2019. On December 7, 2017,14, 2018, the NEBBCUC issued an order grantingaccepting the relief requested by Trans Mountain in respect of its motion relatedrates, subject to Burnaby (the “Burnaby Order”refund, and established a process for evaluating KMJF’s Annual Revenues and Gathering Line Fee (“Annual Revenue Requirement”). On January 19,April 5, 2019, Parkland Refining (BC) Ltd., Air Canada, and Vancouver Airport Fuel Facilities Corporation filed written submissions on the merits of continuing the existing methodology for the Annual Revenue Requirement in KMJF’s November 29, 2018 filing. We estimate that the NEB granted, in part, Trans Mountain’s second motion by establishingshippers are seeking approximately a generic process to hear any future motions as they relate to provincial and municipal permitting issues. On February 16, 2018, Burnaby and B.C. applied to the Federal Court of Appeal for leave to appeal the Burnaby Order. On March 23, 2018, the Federal Court of Appeal denied the application. Burnaby or B.C., or both of them, may appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada. A successful appeal at the Supreme Court of Canada could result50% reduction in the Burnaby Order being quashed.

On April 18, 2018, the Attorney General for British Columbia announced that B.C. will file a reference case by April 30, 2018 presenting a constitutional questionAnnual Revenue Requirement, or approximately $3.5 million. Management believes KMJF’s cost of service supports KMJF’s rates and intends to the B.C. Court of Appeal. It is anticipated that the question presented will seek to define the extent of B.C.’s constitutional jurisdiction, if any, to regulate marine or environmental risks or the flow of certain petroleum products into B.C. via federally regulated pipelines. The reference question has yet to be publicly disclosed and must be approved by the cabinet of the B.C. government before filing with the court. The federal government as well as all other provinces in Canada and interested parties will be provided with notice of the reference question and an opportunity to participate in the case. A decision by the B.C. Court of Appeal may be appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada. As a result of the filing or resolution of this or any related reference question, among other potential impacts, the project may be stopped altogether or there

may be significant changes to TMEP plans. These changes could include further obligations or restrictions on the construction or operation of TMEP, or the prohibition of the construction and operation of TMEP, any one of which could materially impact the overall feasibility or economic benefits of TMEP, which in turn would have a material adverse effect on us. See Note 1 “Suspension of Non-Essential Spending on Trans Mountain Expansion Project.”vigorously defend KMJF’s proposed rates.

Contingencies

We and our subsidiaries are subject to various legal and regulatory actions and proceedings which arise in the normal course of business. While the final outcome of such actions and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the resolution of such actions and proceedings will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

We and our subsidiaries are also subject to environmental cleanup and enforcement actions from time to time. Although we believe our operations are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental law and regulations, risks of additional costs and liabilities are inherent in pipeline and terminal operations, and there can be no assurance that we will not incur significant costs and liabilities. Moreover, it is possible that other developments, such as increasingly stringent environmental laws, regulations and enforcement policies under the terms of authority of those laws, and claims for damages to property or persons resulting from our operations, could result in substantial costs and liabilities to us.

Although it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcomes, we believe that the resolution of the environmental matters to which we and our subsidiaries are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. As of both March 31, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, we had $7.1$0.1 million and $7.3 million, respectively, accrued for our outstanding environmental matters.

TMEP

The proposed estimated $7.4 billion expansion, which includes capitalized equity and debt financing costs, would increase throughput capacity of the TMPL from approximately 300,000 bpd to 890,000 bpd. Construction related delays could result in increases to the estimated total costs. TMEP has transportation service agreements for a total of 707,500 bpd, representing approximately 80% of the expanded system’s capacity (the maximum amount under the regulated limit imposed by the NEB).

On May 19, 2016, the NEB recommended that the Governor in Council approve TMEP, subject to 157 conditions. On November 29, 2016, the Governor in Council approved TMEP, and directed the NEB to issue Amending Orders AO-003-OC-2 and AO-002-OC-49, and Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity OC-064, authorizing the construction of TMEP. On January 11, 2017, the government of B.C. announced the issuance of the EAC to Trans Mountain for the B.C. portion of TMEP. The EAC includes 37 conditions that are in addition to, and designed to supplement, the 157 conditions required by the NEB. We have spent a cumulative total, net of contributions in aid of construction, of approximately $1,135.0 million on development of TMEP as of March 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 - $930.0 million).

We would expect to fund TMEP capital expenditures through: (i) additional borrowings under our Credit Facility; (ii) the issuance of additional Preferred Shares; (iii) the issuance of long-term notes payable; (iv) retained cash flow from operations; and (v) the issuance of additional Restricted Voting Shares; or a combination thereof. See Note 1 “Suspension of Non-Essential Spending on Trans Mountain Expansion Project.”

12.13.  Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ASU No. 2016-02

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This ASU requires that a lessee recognizes assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the present value of the rights and obligations created by all leases with terms of more than 12 months. The ASU also will require disclosures designed to give financial statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU No. 2016-02 will be effective for us as of January 1, 2019. We are currently reviewing the effect of this ASU to our financial statements.

ASU No. 2016-13

On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326).: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This ASU modifies the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will require to utilize an expected lossa new forward-looking “expected loss” methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology,

whichthat generally will result in the more timelyearlier recognition of allowance for losses. ASU No. 2016-13 will be effective for us as of January 1, 2020. We are currently reviewing the effect of this ASU to our financial statements.

ASU No. 2017-04

On January 26, 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (Topic 350)” to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU No. 2017-04 will be effective for us as of January 1, 2020. We are currently reviewing the effect of this ASU to our financial statements.

ASU No. 2018-01

On January 25, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic
842.” This ASU provides an optional transition on practical expedient that, if elected, would not require companies to reconsider its accounting for existing or expired land easements before the adoption of Topic 842 and that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. ASU No. 2018-01 will be effective for us as of January 1, 2019,2020, and earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently reviewing the effect of this ASU to our financial statements.

ASU No. 2018-14

On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” This
ASU amends existing annual disclosure requirements applicable to all employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans by adding, removing, and clarifying certain disclosures. ASU No. 2018-14 will be effective for us for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020, and earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently reviewing the effect of this ASU to our financial statements.


Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our accompanying interim consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report, and in conjunction with (i) our consolidated financial statements and related notes and (ii) our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our 20172018 Form 10-K.

Subsequent to our IPO, Kinder Morgan retained control of us and the Limited Partnership. As a result we accounted for our acquisition of an approximate 30% economic interest in the Limited Partnership as a transfer of net assets among entities under common control. Therefore, our consolidated financial statements presented herein were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of Kinder Morgan. The assets and liabilities in these consolidated financial statements have been reflected at historical carrying value of the immediate parents within the Kinder Morgan organization structure including goodwill and purchase price assigned amounts, as applicable. Prior to May 30, 2017, our historical financial statements were presented as combined consolidated financial statements derived from information included within the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of Kinder Morgan. All significant intercompany balances between the companies included in our accompanying consolidated financial statements have been eliminated.

In addition, as of and for the reporting periods after our IPO, Kinder Morgan’s economic interest in the Limited Partnership is reflected within “Kinder Morgan interest” in our consolidated statements of equity and consolidated balance sheets and earnings attributable to Kinder Morgan’s economic ownership interest in the Limited Partnership are presented in “Net Income Attributable to Kinder Morgan Interest” in our consolidated statements of income.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and a series of related
accounting standard updates (collectively referred to as “Topic 606”) designed to create improved revenue recognition and disclosure comparability in financial statements. For more information, see Note 6 “Revenue Recognition” to our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Recent Business Developments

Suspension of Non-Essential Spending on Trans Mountain Expansion Project

On April 8, 2018, we announced that we were suspending all non-essential activities and related spending on TMEP. We also announced that under current circumstances, specifically including the continued actions in opposition to TMEP by the B.C. government, we will not commit additional shareholder resources to TMEP. We further announced that we will consult with various stakeholders in an effort to reach agreements by May 31, 2018 that may allow TMEP to proceed without putting further KML shareholder capital at risk. The Company stated it is difficult to conceive of any scenario in which it would proceed with TMEP if an agreement is not reached by May 31, 2018. The focus in those consultations will be on two principles: clarity on the path forward, particularly with respect to the ability to construct through B.C., and adequate protection of KML shareholders.

We had previously announced a “primarily permitting” strategy for the first half of 2018, focused on advancing the permitting process, rather than spending at full construction levels, until we had obtained greater clarity on outstanding permits, approvals and judicial reviews. Rather than achieving greater clarity, TMEP is now facing unquantifiable risk. Previously, opposition by B.C. was manifesting itself largely through B.C.’s participation in an ongoing judicial review. Unfortunately, B.C. has now been asserting broad jurisdiction and reiterating its intention to use that jurisdiction to stop TMEP. B.C.’s intention in that regard has been neither validated nor quashed, and B.C. has continued to threaten unspecified additional actions to prevent TMEP success. Those actions have created even greater, and growing, uncertainty with respect to the regulatory landscape facing TMEP. In addition, the parties still await judicial decisions on challenges to the original Order in Council and the EAC approving TMEP. These items, combined with the impending approach of critical construction windows, the lead-time required to ramp up spending, and the imperative that the Company avoid incurring significant debt while lacking the necessary clarity, brought us to the decision we announced on April 8, 2018. Given the current uncertain conditions, we are not updating our cost and schedule estimate at this time. However, construction delays are likely to entail increased costs due to a variety of factors including extended personnel, equipment and facilities charges, storage charges for unused material and equipment, extended debt service, and inflation, among others.

In the event that TMEP is terminated, resulting impairments, foregone capitalized equity costs, and potential wind down costs would have a significant effect on our results of operations. Potential impairments would be recognized primarily in the period in which a decision to terminate is made.


Also, see Note 11 “Litigation and Contingencies” to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information on TMEP, “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements” and Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factorsin our 2017 Form 10-K for a more detailed description of risks related to operating our business.

Base Line Terminal Construction Progress

In January 2018, we commenced operation of the 4.8 million barrel Base Line Terminal, a 50-50 crude oil merchant terminal joint venture between us and Keyera Corp., in Sherwood Park, Alberta (near Edmonton). The first six of twelve crude oil storage tanks were placed in service in the first quarter of 2018 with the balance of the tanks expected to be phased into service throughout the year. The facility, which is expected to be completed on-time and on-budget, is fully contracted with long-term, firm take-or-pay agreements with credit-worthy customers. Our total investment in the project is approximately $398 million, including costs associated with the construction of a pipeline segment solely funded by us. Up to an additional 1.8 million barrels may be added in a phase-two expansion of the terminal, depending on future demand.

Outlook

OurKML's 2019 budget for 2018 contemplates that we will generate $474 million of Adjusted EBITDA and $349 million of DCF, respectively, and generate DCF to holders of Restricted Voting Shares of $0.96 per Restricted Voting Share, with an expected declareddeclaring a dividend of $0.65 per Restricted Voting Share. Excluding capitalized equity financing costs,Share, generating Adjusted EBITDA of $213 million and DCF from continuing operations of approximately $109 million, representing DCF of $0.90 per Restricted Voting Share. KML's budget also contemplates investing approximately $32 million in expansion projects.

We do not provide forecasted income from continuing operations (the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to the non-GAAP financial measures DCF from continuing operations and Adjusted EBITDA) due to the impracticality of quantifying certain amounts required by GAAP, such as realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses and potential changes in estimates for certain contingent liabilities. See “Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information on DCF and Adjusted EBITDA.

Trans Mountain Transaction

On August 31, 2018, we closed on the sale of the Trans Mountain Asset Group, which was indirectly acquired by the Government of Canada through Trans Mountain Corporation (a subsidiary of the Canada Development Investment Corporation) for cash consideration of approximately $4.43 billion, which is the contractual purchase price of $4.5 billion net of a preliminary working capital adjustment (the “Trans Mountain Transaction”). As of December 31, 2018 we accrued for an additional $37 million for a final working capital adjustment that was subsequently settled in cash. The underlying assets in the Trans Mountain Asset Group were primarily within our Pipelines business segment and the operating results for the Trans Mountain Asset Group are budgetedpresented as “Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and the following “—Results of Operations” for the 2018 period.
2019 Return of Capital and Share Consolidation

Pursuant to our voting shareholders’ approval on November 29, 2018, distributions of approximately $1.2 billion were made as a return of capital to holders of our Restricted Voting Shares ($11.40 per Restricted Voting Share) and approximately $2.8 billion to KMI as the indirect holder of our Special Voting Shares on January 3, 2019 (the “Return of Capital”). To facilitate the Return of Capital and provide flexibility for dividends going forward, our voting shareholders also approved (i) a reduction of the stated capital of our Restricted Voting Shares by $1.45 billion (the “Stated Capital Reduction”) and (ii) a “reverse stock split” of our Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares on a one-for-three basis (three shares consolidating to one share) (the “Share Consolidation”), which occurred on January 4, 2019. The Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares outstanding and earnings per share information in this report reflect the Share Consolidation for all periods presented.

Review of Strategic Alternatives

Following the Trans Mountain Asset Group sale, and given that the original purpose of KML as a funding vehicle for the Trans Mountain expansion no longer exists, we previously announced that we would undertake a strategic review of KML to determine a course of action that maximizes value to all KML shareholders. The options we are evaluating include, among others, continuing to operate as a standalone enterprise, a disposition by sale, and a strategic combination with another company. This process involves a rigorous analysis of a variety of potential alternatives, and, while the complexity of the situation is requiring more time than we previously anticipated, the process is near its conclusion. We expect to complete the review and announce the outcome in the second quarter of 2019.


Terminals Matters

All material permits have been secured and construction activities will commence shortly on the distillate storage expansion project at our Vancouver Wharves terminal in North Vancouver, British Columbia. The approximately $43 million capital project, which calls for the construction of two new distillate tanks with combined storage capacity of 200,000 barrels and enhancements to the railcar unloading capabilities, is supported by a 20-year initial term, take-or-pay contract with an affiliate of a large, international integrated energy company. The project is expected to be $403placed in service late first quarter of 2021.

As previously disclosed in our 2018 Form 10-K, a material contractual arrangement at the Edmonton Rail Terminal expires in April 2020 and includes a right of renewal on favorable terms for our customer related to rail terminal and associated pipeline connection service fees.  We expect this will result in lower revenues of approximately $43 million and $278$11 million on an annual basis for rail terminal fees and associated pipeline connection fees, respectively.  As previously announced, weWe expect to generate results for 2018 consistent withthis revenue reduction will be partially offset by expansion projects as well as favorable renewal rates on expiring contracts at our budget, excluding the effects of capitalized financing costs.  However, actual capitalized financing costs will vary depending on the amount and timing of TMEP expenditures.other terminal facilities.

Results of Operations

Overview

We evaluate the performance of our reportable business segments by evaluating Segment EBDA. We believe that Segment EBDA is a useful measure of our operating performance because it measures segment operating results before D&Adepreciation and amortization and certain expenses that are generally not controllable by our business segment operating managers, such as certain general and administrative expense, interest expense, net, and income tax expense, and prior to their pay off in the second quarter of 2017, the foreign exchange losses (or gains) on the long-term debt with affiliates (“KMI Loans”).expense. Our general and administrative expenses include such items as employee benefits, insurance, rentals, certain litigation, and shared corporate services including accounting, information technology, human resources, and legal services. Certain general and administrative expenses attributable
The earnings prior to the closing of the Trans Mountain Transaction on August 31, 2018 from the Trans Mountain Asset Group are billablepresented as flow through items to shippers and result in incremental revenues.earnings from discontinued operations for the 2018 period.

Consolidated Earnings Results
Three Months Ended March 31,2018
 2017
 Earnings
increase/(decrease)
2019
 2018
Earnings
increase/(decrease)
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except percentages)            
Segment EBDA(a)            
Terminals51.6
 42.6
9.0
 21 %
Pipelines63.6
 56.3
 7.3
 13 %10.3
 6.3
4.0
 63 %
Terminals53.6
 54.1
 (0.5) (1)%
Total Segment EBDA(a)117.2
 110.4
 6.8
 6 %61.9
 48.9
13.0
 27 %
D&A(36.8) (34.8) (2.0) 6 %(21.8) (19.7)(2.1) (11)%
Foreign exchange gain on the KMI Loans(b)
 10.1
 (10.1) (100)%
General and administrative and corporate charges(c)(19.2) (18.0) (1.2) 7 %
Interest, net(0.3) (6.7) 6.4
 (96)%
Income before income taxes60.9
 61.0
 (0.1)  %
General and administrative(b)(11.1) (8.9)(2.2) (25)%
Interest income (expense), net1.2
 (0.4)1.6
 n/a
Income from continuing operations before income taxes30.2
 19.9
10.3
 52 %
Income tax expense(16.5) (14.2) (2.3) 16 %(8.9) (5.9)(3.0) (51)%
Income from continuing operations21.3
 14.0
7.3
 52 %
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax(c)
 30.4
(30.4) (100)%
Net income44.4
 46.8
 (2.4) (5)%21.3
 44.4
(23.1) (52)%
Preferred share dividends(7.2) 
 (7.2) n/a
(7.2) (7.2)
  %
Net income attributable to Kinder Morgan interest(26.4) (46.8) 20.4
 n/a
(9.9) (26.4)16.5
 63 %
Net income available to Restricted Voting Stockholders10.8
 
 10.8
 n/a
4.2
 10.8
(6.6) (61)%
_________
n/a - not applicable

(a)Represents Segment EBDA from continuing operations. Includes revenues and other (income) expense less operating expenses and other, net. Operating expenses primarily include operations and maintenance expenses, and taxes, other than income taxes. Segment EBDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 includes (i) $11.6include $(0.1) million and $5.5 million, respectively, of capitalized equity financing costs, and (ii) $(0.2) million and $0.8$(0.3) million, respectively of foreign exchange (losses) gainslosses due to changes in exchange rates between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar on U.S. dollar denominated balances.
(b)
TGeneral and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 includes an increase of $0.7 million for certain items described in footnote (a) to the “he KMI Loans, which represented U.S. dollar denominated long-term notes payable with Kinder Morgan, were settled with proceeds from our IPO.Segment Earnings ResultsGeneral and Administrative Expense” table below.
(c)2017 amount includes $(1.2) million of certain items.See Note 2 “Trans Mountain Transaction” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Three Months Ended March 31, 20182019 vs Three Months Ended March 31, 20172018

The certain items described in footnote (b) to the table above accounted for a $0.7 million decrease in income from continuing operations before income taxes for the first quarter of $2.42019 as compared to the same prior year period. After giving effect to these certain items, the $11.0 million (5%)increase from the prior year quarter in net income from continuing operations before income taxes is primarily attributable to increased earnings from both of our segments, higher interest income due to deposits of the changeproceeds from the Trans Mountain Transaction in foreign exchange gains on the KMI Loans andinterest bearing cash equivalent accounts partially offset by increased D&A and general and administrative expense and income tax expense, which was partially offset by lower interest expense primarily due to the 2017 settlement of the KMI Loans and increased earnings on the TMPL in our Pipelines business segment.expense.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

For reporting periods included in the following DCF and Adjusted EBITDA tables, our discontinued operations (which are comprised of our Trans Mountain Asset Group) are presented as a separate reconciling item labeled as “DCF from discontinued operations” and “Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations,” respectively. DCF from discontinued operations and Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations are also reconciled to their comparable GAAP measure, income from discontinued operations, net of tax in footnote (d) to the accompanying tables.
In addition to using financial measures prescribed by GAAP, references are made in this report to DCF, both in the aggregate and per share, and Adjusted EBITDA, Segment EBDA before certain items and Net Debt (Cash), which are measures that do not have any standardized meaning as prescribed by GAAP. Neither DCF nor Adjusted EBITDAThese non-GAAP measures should not be considered an alternative to GAAP net income or any other GAAP measures and such non-GAAP measures have important limitations as an analytical tool.tools. The computation of DCF, and Adjusted EBITDA, Segment EBDA before certain items and Net Debt (Cash) may differ from similarly titled measures used by others. Accordingly, use of such terms may not be comparable to similarly defined measures presented by other entities. Investors should not consider these non-GAAP performance measures in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of results as reported under GAAP. The limitations of these non-GAAP performance measures are compensated for by reviewing the comparable GAAP measures, understanding the differences between the measures, and taking this information into account in our analysis and our

decision making processes. Any use of DCF or Adjusted EBITDAnon-GAAP measures in this management’s discussion and analysis is expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

DCFDistributable cash flow (“DCF”) is net income from continuing operations, and income from discontinued operations, before D&A adjusted for: (i) income tax expense and cash income taxes (paid) refunded; (ii) sustaining capital expenditures (also referred to as ‘‘maintenance’’ capital expenditures); and (iii) certain items that are“certain items”, which we define as items required by GAAP to be reflected in net income, but typically either (a) do not have a cash impact, or (b) by their nature are separately identifiable from the normal business operations and in our view are likely to occur only sporadically (for example certaingains or losses on asset sales, legal settlements and casualty losses).


DCF is an important performance measure used by us and by external users of our financial statements to evaluate our performance and in measuring and estimating our ability to generate cash earnings after servicing our debt and preferred share dividends, paying cash taxes and expending sustaining capital, that could be used for discretionary purposes such as distributions or expansion capital expenditures (also referred to as ‘‘discretionary’’ capital expenditures). We use this performance measure and believe it provides users of our financial statements a useful performance measure reflective of our ability to generate cash earnings to supplement the comparable GAAP measure. DCF should not be used as an alternative to net cash provided by operating activities computed under GAAP. We believe the GAAP measure most directly comparable to DCF is net income.Income from continuing operations. A reconciliation of net incomeIncome from continuing operations to DCF is provided in the table below. DCF per Restricted Voting Share is DCF divided by average outstanding Restricted Voting Shares, including restricted stock awards that participate in dividends.

Reconciliation of Net Income from Continuing Operations to DCF
Three Months Ended March 31,2018
 2017
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)   
Net income(a)44.4
 46.8
Add/(Subtract):   
Certain items(b)
 (6.5)
D&A36.8
 34.8
Total book taxes(c)16.5
 11.8
Cash income taxes paid(6.8) (0.2)
Preferred share dividends(7.2) 
Sustaining capital expenditures(6.7) (3.3)
DCF77.0
 83.4
DCF to KMI interest(54.0) n/a
Cash taxes attributable to Restricted Voting Stockholders(0.6) n/a
DCF to Restricted Voting Stockholders22.4
 n/a
Weighted average Restricted Voting Shares outstanding for dividends (in millions)(d)104.3
 n/a
DCF per Restricted Voting Share0.215
 n/a
Declared dividend per Restricted Voting Share0.1625
 n/a
Three Months Ended March 31,2019
 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)   
Income from continuing operations21.3
 14.0
Reconciling items - add/(subtract):   
  Certain items before book tax(a)0.7
 
  Book tax certain items(b)(0.2) 
  D&A21.8
 19.7
  Total book taxes before certain items9.1
 5.9
  Cash taxes(20.8) (6.8)
  Preferred share dividends(7.2) (7.2)
  Sustaining capital expenditures(2.3) (2.1)
DCF from continuing operations22.4
 23.5
DCF from discontinued operations(d)
 53.5
DCF22.4
 77.0
    
 DCF from continuing operations to KMI interest15.7
 16.5
 DCF from continuing operations to Restricted Voting Stockholders6.7
 7.0
Weighted average split-adjusted Restricted Voting Shares outstanding for dividends (in millions)(c)35.1
 34.8
 DCF from continuing operations per split-adjusted Restricted Voting Share0.19
 0.20

Adjusted EBITDAearnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) is used by us and by external users of our financial statements, in conjunction with outstanding debt, net debt,of cash, to evaluate certain leverage metrics. Adjusted EBITDA is earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization adjusted for certain items, as applicable. We believe the GAAP measure most directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA is net income. A reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA is provided in the table below. We do not allocate Adjusted EBITDA amongst equity interest holders as we view total Adjusted EBITDA as a measure against our overall leverage.


Reconciliation of Net Income from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EBITDA
Three Months Ended March 31,2018
 2017
(In millions of Canadian dollars)   
Net income(a)44.4
 46.8
Add/(Subtract):   
Total certain items(b)
 (6.5)
D&A36.8
 34.8
Total book taxes(c)16.5
 11.8
Interest, net0.3
 6.7
Adjusted EBITDA98.0
 93.6
Three Months Ended March 31,2019
 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)   
Income from continuing operations21.3
 14.0
  Reconciling items - add/(subtract):   
    Total certain items(a)(b)0.5
 
    D&A21.8
 19.7
    Total book taxes before certain items9.1
 5.9
    Interest (income) expense, net(1.2) 0.4
  Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations51.5
 40.0
  Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations(d)
 58.0
Adjusted EBITDA51.5
 98.0
_________
n/a - not applicable

(a)Net income for
Consists of certain items summarized in footnote (b) to the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, includes capitalized equity financing costs“—Results of $11.6 million, and $5.5 million, respectively.OperationsConsolidated Earnings Results
table included above.
(b)2017 amount includes foreign currency gain on the KMI Loans of $10.1 million, and General and administrative and book tax expense (incomeIncludes an income tax provision on certain items) of $1.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively.items.
(c)2017 amount excludes book tax certain item of $2.4 million.

(d)The weighted average Restricted Voting Shares outstanding for dividends calculation includesIncludes stock awards of Restricted Voting Shares that participate in dividends. Therefore, the amounts differ
(d)    DCF from discontinued operations and Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations reconciliations are as follows:    

DCF from discontinued operations:
Three Months Ended March 31,2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars)
Income from the GAAP weighted average Restricted Voting Shares outstandingdiscontinued operations, net of tax30.4
  Reconciling items - add/(subtract):
  D&A17.1
  Total book taxes10.6
  Sustaining capital expenditures(4.6)
DCF from the datediscontinued operations53.5

Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations:
Three Months Ended March 31,2018
(In millions of our formation.Canadian dollars)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax30.4
  Reconciling items - add/(subtract):
    D&A17.1
    Total book taxes10.6
    Interest (income) expense, net(0.1)
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations58.0

Net Debt

Net Debt, as used in this report, is a non-GAAP financial measure that management believes is useful to investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating our leverage, individually and in conjunction with Adjusted EBITDA. Net Debt is calculated by adding 50% of the principal amount of our preferred equity to and subtracting cash and cash equivalents from debt.  We believe the most comparable measure to Net Debt is debt net of cash and cash equivalents.

Segment EBDA Before Certain Items

Segment EBDA before certain items (a non-GAAP measure) is used by management in its analysis of segment performance and management of our business. General and administrative expenses are generally not under the control of our segment operating managers, and therefore, are not included when we measure business segment operating performance. We believe Segment EBDA

before certain items is a significant performance metric because it provides us and external users of our financial statements additional insight into the ability of our segments to generate segment cash earnings on an ongoing basis. We believe it is useful to investors because it is a performance measure that management uses to allocate resources to our segments and assess each segment’s performance. We believe the GAAP measure most directly comparable to Segment EBDA before certain items is Segment EBDA.

In the tables for each of our business segments under “—Segment Earnings Results” below, Segment EBDA before certain Items is calculated by adjusting the Segment EBDA for the applicable certain item amounts, which are totaled in the tables and described in the footnotes to those tables (if any). 

Segment EBDA and Segment EBDA before certain items excludes discontinued operations for the 2018 period.

Segment Earnings Results

Pipelines Segment
Three Months Ended December 31,2018
 2017
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except operating statistics)   
Revenues90.0
 89.5
Operating expenses, except D&A(37.8) (38.7)
Other income and unrealized foreign exchange loss, net11.4
 5.5
Segment EBDA63.6
 56.3
    
Change from prior periodIncrease/(Decrease)
Revenues0.5
 1%
Segment EBDA7.3
 13%
    
Operating statistics2018
 2017
TMPL transport volumes (MBbl/d)289
 307
Puget Sound transport volumes (MBbl/d)164
 157
Cochin transport volumes (MBbl/d)85
 79

Below are the changes in both Segment EBDA and revenues, in the comparable three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

Three months ended March 31, 2018 versus Three months ended March 31, 2017
 
Segment EBDA
increase/(decrease)
 
Revenues
 increase/(decrease)
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except percentages) 
TMPL5.3
 11 % 0.1
 %
Cochin2.3
 79 % 0.4
 3%
All others (including eliminations)(0.3) (5)% 
 %
Total Pipelines7.3
 13 % 0.5
 1%
The changes in Segment EBDA for our Pipelines business segment are further explained by the following discussion of the significant factors driving Segment EBDA in the comparable three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

increase of $5.3 million (11%) from TMPL primarily due to an increase in capitalized equity financing costs due to spending on TMEP partially offset by unfavorable timing of operating costs in 2018; and
increase of $2.3 million (79%) from Cochin primarily due to lower in pipeline integrity expenses and outside services costs in 2018.


Terminals Segment
Three Months Ended March 31,2019
 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except operating statistics)   
Revenues86.0
 74.2
Operating expenses, except D&A(34.4) (31.6)
Other (expense) income, net
 (0.1)
Other, net and unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss)
 0.1
Segment EBDA51.6
 42.6
    
Change from prior periodIncrease/(Decrease)
Revenues11.8
 16%
Segment EBDA9.0
 21%
    
Operating statistics2019
 2018
Bulk transload tonnage (MMtons)1.0
 0.8
Liquids tankage capacity available for service (MMBbl)(a)9.6
 8.2
Liquids utilization %(b)100% 100%
Three months ended March 31,2018
 2017
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except operating statistics)   
Revenues74.2
 75.0
Operating expenses, except D&A(20.6) (20.1)
Other expense, net(0.1) (1.8)
Other income and unrealized foreign exchange loss, net0.1
 1.0
Segment EBDA53.6
 54.1
    
Change from prior periodIncrease/(Decrease)
Revenues(0.8) (1)%
Segment EBDA(0.5) (1)%
    
Operating statistics2018
 2017
Bulk transload tonnage (MMtonnes)(a)0.8
 1.0
Liquids leaseable capacity (MMBbl)8.2
 7.3
Liquids utilization %(b)100% 100 %
________
(a)Includes our share of joint venture tonnage.capacity.
(b)The ratio of our storagetankage capacity under contractin service to our estimated storage capacity.tankage capacity available for service.

Below are the changes in both Segment EBDA and revenues in the comparable three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

revenues:
Three months ended March 31, 2018 versus Three months ended March 31, 2017

Three months ended March 31, 2019 versus Three months ended March 31, 2018Three months ended March 31, 2019 versus Three months ended March 31, 2018
Segment EBDA
increase/(decrease)
 
Revenues
 increase/(decrease)
Segment EBDA
increase/(decrease)
 
Revenues
 increase/(decrease)
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except percentages)  
Base Line joint venture7.3
 235 % 8.2
 234 %
North 40 Terminal2.3
 28 % 2.4
 26 %
Vancouver Wharves Terminal(3.3) (35)% (5.4) (22)%1.6
 28 % 1.7
 9 %
Base Line joint venture3.1
 n/a
 3.5
 n/a
Edmonton South Terminal0.8
 8 % 1.7
 8 %
Edmonton Rail Terminal joint venture(2.4) (16)% (2.3) (13)%
All others (including eliminations)(0.3) (1)% 1.1
 2 %(0.6) (20)% 0.1
 5 %
Total Terminals(0.5) (1)% (0.8) (1)%9.0
 21 % 11.8
 16 %
________
n/a - not applicable

The changes in Segment EBDA for our Terminals business segment are further explained by the following discussion of the significant factors driving Segment EBDA in the comparable three month periods ended March 31, 20182019 and 2017:2018:

decrease of $3.3 million (35%) from Vancouver Wharves Terminal primarily due to lower revenues as a result of lower bulk handling volumes driven by temporary third-party rail service disruptions and the impact of a customer contract buy-out, net of associated project write-off costs, recognized in first quarter 2017; and
increase of $3.1$7.3 million (235%) from Base Line joint venture as a result of terminalthe new tanks being placed into service in January 2018.throughout 2018;

Foreign Exchange Gainincrease of $2.3 million (28%) from North 40 Terminal primarily due to rate increases on the KMI Loansre-contracted tank leases;

Priorincrease of $1.6 million (28%) from Vancouver Wharves Terminal primarily due to repaymenthigher bulk tonnage;

increase of $0.8 million (8%) from Edmonton South primarily due to rate increases on re-contracted tank leases and higher pipeline connection fees; and

decrease of $2.4 million (16%) from Edmonton Rail Terminal primarily due to expiration of a third-party rail terminaling contract.

Pipelines Segment
Three Months Ended March 31,2019
 2018
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except operating statistics)   
Revenues16.0
 14.4
Operating expenses, except D&A(5.7) (7.7)
Other, net and unrealized foreign exchange loss
 (0.4)
  Segment EBDA10.3
 6.3
    
Change from prior periodIncrease/(Decrease)
  Revenues1.6
 11%
Segment EBDA4.0
 63%
    
Operating statistics2019
 2018
Cochin transport volumes (MBbl/d)89
 85

Below are the changes in both Segment EBDA and revenues:
Three months ended March 31, 2019 versus Three months ended March 31, 2018
 
Segment EBDA
increase/(decrease)
 
Revenues
 increase/(decrease)
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except percentages) 
Cochin3.8
 75% 1.4
 11%
Jet Fuel and other (including eliminations)0.2
 18% 0.2
 6%
Total Pipelines4.0
 63% 1.6
 11%

The changes in Segment EBDA for our Pipelines business segment are further explained by the following discussion of the KMI Loans utilizing proceedssignificant factors driving Segment EBDA in the comparable three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

increase of $3.8 million (75%) from our IPO, we were exposedCochin primarily due to foreign currency risk relateda reduction in pipeline integrity expenses and outside services costs in 2019, and higher revenue due to rate increases in the U.S. dollar denominated KMI Loans.first quarter of 2019.


General and Administrative Expense
Three Months Ended March 31,2019
 2018
 Increase/(decrease)
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except percentages) 
General and administrative11.1
 8.9
 2.2
 25%
Certain items(a)(0.7) 
 (0.7) 

General and administrative before certain items10.4
 8.9
 1.5
 17%
_________
(a)2019 amount represents costs of strategic initiatives.

The $2.4$1.5 million increase in general and administrative expense before certain items of $1.2 million in 2017 for the comparable quartersfirst quarter of 2019 when compared with the first quarter of 2018 and 2017 was primarily driven by increased legallabor and audit fees related to TMEP financing activities and increased benefit costs.

Interest netIncome (Expense), Net

Interest expense is presented as net ofThe $1.6 million increase in interest income and capitalized interest.

Interest,(expense), net for the first quarter of 20182019 when compared with the samefirst quarter in the prior year decreased $6.4 million, whichof 2018 was driven primarily by a $11.7 million decreaseinterest income in the 2019 period due to deposits made from the 2017 repaymentTrans Mountain Transaction proceeds into interest bearing cash equivalent accounts.

Income Tax Expense from Continuing Operations

Income tax expense from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $8.9 million, as compared with $5.9 million for the same period of the KMI Loans with proceeds from our IPO and a2018. The $3.0 million increase in capitalized debt financing costs partially offset bytax expense is primarily due to an increase of $8.2 million in interest expense, including, commitment fees, amortization of debt issue costs and interest on revolver associated with our June 2017 Credit Facility, See —“Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.pre-tax earnings from continuing operations.

Net Income Attributable to Kinder Morgan Interest

Net income attributable to Kinder Morgan interest represents the allocation of our consolidated net income attributable to the outstanding ownership interests in our consolidated subsidiaries that are owned by Kinder Morgan’s wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiaries. The decrease in net income attributable to Kinder Morgan interest for the three months ended March 31, 20182019 when compared with the respective prior2018 period was $20.4 million, which was primarily attributable to the IPO and associated reductionno earnings from discontinued operations in Kinder Morgan’s interest in us.
Income Taxes

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 vs Three Months Ended March 31, 2017

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $16.5 million, as comparable with the 2017 income tax expense of $14.3 million. The $2.2 million increase in tax expense was primarily due to a tax valuation allowance release in 2017 related to foreign exchange gains, which had the effect of lowering 2017 income tax expense. 

2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources

GeneralShort-term Liquidity

As of MarchOn August 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we had $100.0established a 4-year, $500 million of and no outstanding borrowings under our $5.5 billionunsecured revolving credit facility (the “2018 Credit Facility, respectively.Facility”) for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2018,2019, we had $210.3 million of cash and cash equivalents of $46.6 million, and outstanding borrowings of $50 million, with $443.7 million available (net of $6.3 million of outstanding letters of credit), under our 2018 Credit Facility. Outstanding letters of credit include $3.2 million issued on behalf of Trans Mountain for which it has issued a decreasebackstop letter of $28.5credit to us.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our principal source of short-term liquidity was our cash from operating activities from our continuing operations, and as needed, our 2018 Credit Facility. We had working capital (defined as current assets less current liabilities) deficits of $27.3 million (11.9%)and $22.9 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The change in the working capital deficit from December 31, 2017. Our five-year Credit Facility includes: (i) a $4.0 billion Revolving Construction Facility; (ii) a $1.0 billion Revolving Contingent Facility; and (iii) a $500.0 million Revolving Working Capital Facility. On January 23, 2018 we entered into an agreement amending certain terms of the Credit Facility to, among other things, provide additional funding certainty with respect to each tranche of the Credit Facility.was flat.

We generated cash flows from operating activities of $102.4 million and $57.2 million inDuring the three months ended March 31, 20182019, we paid $328.5 million of income taxes primarily attributable to the Trans Mountain Transaction gain that were accrued as of December 31, 2018. Excluding this payment, we generated $43.6 million of cash from operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The primary investing and 2017, respectively (the increasefinancing activities related to our continuing operations are expected to be for capital expenditures and distributions to our voting and preferred shareholders. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had cash outflows of 79% is further discussed below in$15.1 million for capital expenditures and $26.1 million for combined distributions to voting and preferred shareholders. Also, see ‘‘Cash Flows Operating Activities’’). below.

We believe that our cash position, remaining borrowing capacity on our 2018 Credit Facility, and our cash flows from operating activities andfrom our accesscontinuing operations are adequate to cash through our $500.0 million Working Capital Facility are adequateallow us to manage our day-to-day cash requirements.

Short-term Liquidityrequirements, capital expenditures discussed below and Long-term Financing

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our principal source of short-term liquidity was cash from operating activities. We had a working capital (defined as current assets less current liabilities) deficit of $133.1 million and excess of $42.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Generally, our working capital balance varies due to factors such as timing differences inother obligations. Our budget contemplates ending the collection and payment of receivables and payables, and changes in our cash and cash equivalent balances after payments for investing activities net of cash received from operating and financing activities.

Since the IPO, we have utilized our own funding sources for TMEP’s capital expenditures. However, on April 8, 2018, we announced that we had suspended non-essential spending on TMEP (see “—Recent Business Developments—Suspension of

Non-Essential Spending on Trans Mountain Expansion Project”). If the suspension is lifted and a decision is made to proceed with TMEP construction after May 31, 2018, we expect to operateyear with a working capital deficit during its constructionNet Debt-to-Adjusted EBITDA ratio of approximately 1.3 times. However, given the potential for rating agency adjustments for operating lease obligations and other items, this ratio is not necessarily indicative of our debt raising capability at our current rating. See “fund TMEP capital expenditures with (i) additional borrowings under our Credit Facility; (ii) the issuanceResults of additional Preferred Shares; (iii) the issuance of long-term notes payable; (iv) retained cash flow from operations;OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information on Adjusted EBITDA and (v) the issuance of additional Restricted Voting Shares; or (vi) a combination thereof. We are also in a position to utilize the $500.0 million Working Capital Facility, of which $447.0 million is available after reducing the capacity for the $53.0 million in letters of credit, for general corporate purposes, including the funding of growth capital expenditures for expansion projects other than TMEP. In the event that TMEP is terminated, we are prepared to replace the Credit Facility with alternative funding sources for capital expenditures and general corporate purposes.Net Debt.

Capital Expenditures

We account for our capital expenditures in accordance with GAAP. We also distinguish between capital expenditures that are maintenance/sustaining capital expenditures and those that are expansion capital expenditures. Expansion capital expenditures are those expenditures which increase throughput or capacity from that which existed immediately prior to the addition or improvement, and are not deducted in calculating DCF. Sustaining capital expenditures are those which maintain throughput or capacity. The distinction between maintenance and expansion capital expenditures is a physical determination rather than an economic one, irrespective of the amount by which the throughput or capacity is increased.

Budgeting of sustaining capital expenditures is done annually on a bottom-up basis. For each of our assets, we budget for and make those sustaining capital expenditures that are necessary to maintain safe and efficient operations, meet customer needs and comply with our operating policies and applicable law. We may budget for and make additional sustaining capital expenditures that we expect will produce economic benefits such as increasing efficiency and/or lowering future expenses. Budgeting and approval of expansion capital expenditures are generally made periodically throughout the year on a project-by-project basis in response to specific investment opportunities identified by our business segments from which we generally expect to receive sufficient returns to justify the expenditures. Generally, the determination of whether a capital expenditure is classified as sustaining or as expansion capital expenditures is made on a project level. The classification of capital expenditures as expansion capital expenditures or as sustaining capital expenditures is made consistent with our accounting policies and is generally a straightforward process, but in certain circumstances can be a matter of management judgment and discretion. The classification of capital expenditures has an impact on DCF because capital expenditures that are classified as expansion capital expenditures are not deducted from DCF, while those classified as sustaining capital expenditures are.

Our capital expenditures for the ninethree months ended March 31, 2018,2019 for our continuing operations, and the amount that is expected to be spent to sustain and grow KMLour continuing operations for the remainder of 20182019 are as follows assuming a decision is made to proceed with the TMEP construction:follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2018 Remaining Total 2018Three Months Ended March 31, 2019(a) 2019 Remaining Total 2019
(In millions of Canadian dollars)          
Sustaining capital expenditures6.7
 55.3
 62.0
2.3
 19.8
 22.1
Expansion capital expenditures(b)239.7
 1,436.6
 1,676.3
2.0
 30.2
 32.2
________
(a)Three months ended March 31, 20182019 amount includes $72.5$10.8 million of net changes fromreduction in accrued capital expenditures, contractor retainage, capitalized equity financing costs and other.
(b)Three months ended March 31, 2018, 2018 Remaining and Total 2018 amounts include approximately $205.0 million, $1,328.3 million and $1,537.7 million, respectively, on development of TMEP.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

There have beenAs of March 31, 2019, we had no material changes in our contractual obligations that would affect the disclosures presented in our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 in our 2017 Form 10-K.off balance sheet arrangements other than those included below under “—Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments.”


Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
 Payments due by period
 Total Less than 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years More than 5 years
(in millions of Canadian dollars)         
Contractual Obligations:         
  Leases(a)935.9
 39.1
 100.3
 97.4
 699.1
  Pension and postretirement welfare plans(b)1.9
 
 
 0.1
 1.8
       Total937.8
 39.1
 100.3
 97.5
 700.9
Other commercial commitments:         
Standby letters of credit(c)6.3
 2.3
 4.0
 
 
Capital expenditures(d)7.4
 7.4
 
 
 
________
(a)Represents commitments pursuant to the terms of operating lease agreements.
(b)The payments by period include estimated benefit payments for unfunded plans.
(c)Includes $3.2 million of Trans Mountain outstanding letters of credit for which it has issued us a backstop letter of credit and $3.1 million of letters for credit for our continuing operations.
(d)Represents commitments for the purchase of plant, property and equipment as of December 31, 2018 including $2.6 million of our proportional share of commitments through joint ownership of a joint venture.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our net effects on cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for each period presented:related to the Trans Mountain Asset Group are included in the following discussion.

Three months ended March 31,2018
 2017
Three Months Ended March 31,2019 2018(a)
(In millions of Canadian dollars)      
Net cash provided by (used in):   
Net cash (used in) provided by:   
Operating activities102.4
 57.2
(284.9) 102.4
Investing activities(176.7) (46.5)(53.2) (176.7)
Financing activities46.6
 
(3,953.8) 46.6
Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Deposits held by the Trans Mountain Asset Group
 32.4
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted deposits(0.6) (0.3)(0.1) (0.6)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted deposits(28.3) 10.4
(4,292.0) 4.1
________
(a) Amounts include both continuing and discontinued operations.

Operating Activities

The net increase of $45.2 million (79%)Primarily due to changes in working capital balances created from the Trans Mountain Transaction, cash provided by operating activities decreased by $387.3 million (378%) in the three months ended March 31, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017 was2018, primarily attributable to:

a $50.4$354.5 million net increasedecrease in cash associated with net changes in operating assets and liabilities,working capital primarily attributable to increasesincome tax payments made in cash due to favorable changes in2019 primarily associated with the collections and refunds of Westridge Marine Terminal dock premiums, and due to net favorable changes intax gain on the collection of trade and affiliate receivables and payables. These increases areTrans Mountain Transaction; partially offset by, a decrease in cash due to the timing of interest payments made on the KMI Loans that were paid off in the second quarter of 2017; and
a $5.2$32.8 million decrease in operating cash flow resulting from the combined effects of adjusting the $2.4 million decrease in net income for the period-to-period increase in non-cash items primarily consisting of the following: (i) the change in the foreign exchange rate primarily on the KMI Loans; (ii) D&A expense; (iii) deferred income taxes; (iv) capitalized equity financing costs; and (v) other non-cash items.

Investing Activities

The $130.2$123.5 million net increasedecrease in cash used in the investing activities in the three months ended March 31, 20182019 compared to the same period in 20172018 was primarily attributable to:

a $158.8 million decrease in capital expenditures primarily due to the discontinued operations; and

a $131.8$1.8 million decrease in cash used due to lower contributions made to our reclamation trusts compared to the 2018 period, which included a reclamation trust in the Trans Mountain Asset Group; partially offset by,
a $37.1 million increase in cash used resulting from payments made in 2019 for the final working capital expenditures for TMEP and other expansion projects.adjustment associated with the Trans Mountain Transaction.

Financing Activities

The net increase of $46.6$4,000.4 million in cash provided byused in financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2018,2019 compared to the same period in 20172018 was primarily attributable to:

$100.0a combined $3,977.4 million distribution of the Trans Mountain Transaction proceeds, from issuances of debt under our Credit Facility in the 2018 period; partially offset by,
$31.0$2,782.3 million of cash distributions paid to the Kinder Morgan interests ininterest and $1,195.1 million to the 2018 period;
$11.8 million of cash dividends paid to Restricted Voting Stockholders in the 2019 period. See Note 2 “Trans Mountain Transaction” for further information regarding this activity;
a $50.0 million decrease in net borrowings under our credit facilities in the 2019 period compared with the 2018 period; and
$6.1a $1.1 million ofincrease in cash dividends paid to preferred shareholders in the 2019 period compared to the 2018 period; partially offset by,
a $23.9 million decrease in the quarterly distributions paid to voting shareholders in the 2019 period compared to the 2018 period; and
$4.5a $4.2 million of paymentsdecrease in cash used associated with a reduction in debt and preferred sharesshare issuance costs in the 2019 period compared to the 2018 period.

Equity, Dividends and Distributions

As of both March 31, 2019 and April 24, 2018,25, 2019, we had (i) 103.7 million34,944,993 and 243.481,353,820 million of Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares outstanding, respectively, with no par value, for an aggregate of 347,100,000.0116,298,813 million voting shares outstandingoutstanding; (ii) 12.0 million and 10.0 million of Series 1 Preferred Shares and Series 3 Preferred Shares outstanding, respectively,respectively; and (iii) 0.8 million174,684 of restricted stock awards outstanding.


Return of Capital, Stated Capital Reduction and Share Consolidation


As discussed in Note 2 “Trans Mountain Transaction,” on January 3, 2019, distributions of approximately $1.2 billion were made as a return of capital to holders of our Restricted Voting Shares ($11.40 per Restricted Voting Share) and approximately $2.8 billion to KMI as the indirect holder of our Special Voting Shares (the “Return of Capital”). To facilitate the Return of Capital and provide flexibility for dividends going forward, our voting shareholders also approved (i) a reduction of the stated capital of our Restricted Voting Shares by $1.45 billion (the “Stated Capital Reduction”) and (ii) a “reverse stock split” of our Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares on a one-for-three basis (three shares consolidating to one share) (the “Share Consolidation”), which occurred on January 4, 2019.

Dividends and Distributions on Restricted Voting Shares and Special Voting Shares

The Limited Partnership currently makes quarterly cash distributions to the Company (as an indirect holder of Class A
Units and Preferred LP Units, through the General Partner) and to Kinder Morgan (as an indirect holder of Class B Units) in
accordance with the terms of the Limited Partnership Agreement. Distributions are not guaranteed and are subject to the approval of the General Partner. To the extent distributions are approved, all distributions on the Class A Units and Preferred LP Units are immediately distributed by the General Partner to the Company, which then uses such distributions to pay dividends to the holders of (i) then outstanding Preferred Shares of the Company (currently being Series 1 Preferred Shares and Series 3 Preferred Shares) pursuant to the terms of such Preferred Shares,Shares; and (ii) Restricted Voting Shares pursuant to the Company's dividend policy.

The Company has implemented aEffective January 16, 2019, our board of directors suspended the dividend and distributions reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) pursuant to which Canadian-resident holders offor our Restricted Voting Shares, may electincluding with respect to have all cash dividends of the Company payable to any such shareholder automatically reinvested in additional Restricted Voting Shares at a discount. Kinder Morgan, as the sole indirect holder of Class B Units, has the right to reinvest all or a portion of its distributions into additional Class B Unitsdividend we paid on the same economic terms as a holder of Restricted Voting Shares that participates in the DRIP.February 15, 2019.

For 2018, we expect to payOn April 16, 2019, our board of directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.65$0.1625 per Restricted Voting Share.Share for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 to be paid on May 15, 2019 to shareholders of record on April 30, 2019.

Dividends on Series 1 Preferred Shares and Series 3 Preferred Shares

We also pay dividends on our 12,000,000 Series 1 Preferred Shares and 10,000,000 Series 3 Preferred Shares, which are fixed, cumulative, preferential, and payable quarterly in the annual amount of $1.3125 per share and $1.3000 per share, respectively,

on the 15th day of February, May, August and November, as and when declared by our board of directors, for the initial fixed rate period to but excluding November 15, 2022 and February 15, 2023, respectively.

Also, see Note 3. “Equity” to our consolidated financial statements for information concerning outstanding Restricted Voting Shares (and associated restricted stock awards), Special Voting Shares and Preferred Shares, and 2018 paid and declared dividends and distributions.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 
There have been no material changes in market risk exposures that would affect the quantitative and qualitative disclosures presented as of December 31, 2017,2018 in Item 7A in our 20172018 Form 10-K. For more information on our risk management activities, see Item 1, Note 56 “Risk Management and Financial Instruments” to ourthe accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

As of March 31, 2018,2019, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.  Based upon and as of the date of the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 20182019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings.
 
See Part I, Item 1, Note 1112 “Litigation Commitments and Contingencies” to our interimthe accompanying consolidated financial statements.statements which is incorporated in this item by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

See Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Recent Business Developments—Suspension of Non-Essential Spending on Trans Mountain Expansion Project” included elsewhere in this report. There have been no other material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A in our 20172018 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information.
 
None.


Item 6.  Exhibits
 
   Exhibit
  Number                                  Description
3.1*
   
10.13.2*
   
31.1 
   
31.2 
   
32.1 
   
32.2 
   
101 
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) our Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 20182019 and 2017;2018; (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 20182019 and 2017;2018; (iii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 20182019 and December 31, 2017;2018; (iv) our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 20182019 and 2017;2018; (v) our Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 20182019 and 2017;2018; and (vi) the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
_______
*Asterisk indicates exhibits incorporated by reference as indicated; all other exhibits are filed herewith, except as noted otherwise.


SIGNATURESSIGNATURE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

   
KINDER MORGAN CANADA LIMITED
Registrant
   
  By: /s/ DAXDax A. SANDERSSanders
  
Dax A. Sanders
Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial and accounting officer)
Date:April 25, 201826, 2019  


35