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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20202021
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 001-38377
COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Maryland38-4046290
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
515 S. Flower Street, 44th590 Madison Avenue, 33rd Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071New York, NY 10022
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)

(310) 282-8820(212) 547-2631
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per shareCLNCBRSPNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   ☒ No   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒   No   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No ☒ 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
As of November 5, 2020, Colony Credit Real Estate,2, 2021, BrightSpire Capital, Inc. had 128,582,965129,764,822 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding


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EXPLANATORY NOTE
    This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), includes the financial statements and other financial information of (i) the Company and (ii) the Company’s accounting predecessor, which are investment entities in which Colony Capital Operating Company, LLC (“CLNY OP”) or its subsidiaries owned interests ranging from approximately 38% to 100% and that were contributed to the Company on January 31, 2018 in connection with the closing of the Combination (as defined below) and certain intercompany balances between those entities and CLNY OP or its subsidiaries (the “CLNY Investment Entities”).
    On January 31, 2018, the Company completed the transactions contemplated by that certain Master Combination Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2017, as amended and restated on November 20, 2017 (the “Combination Agreement”), by and among (i) the Company, (ii) Credit RE Operating Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “OP”), (iii) CLNY OP, a Delaware limited liability company and the operating company of Colony Capital, Inc., formerly Colony NorthStar, Inc. (“Colony Capital”), a Maryland corporation, (iv) NRF RED REIT Corp., a Maryland corporation and indirect subsidiary of CLNY OP (“RED REIT”), (v) NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“NorthStar I”), (vi) NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership and the operating partnership of NorthStar I (“NorthStar I OP”), (vii) NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“NorthStar II”), and (viii) NorthStar Real Estate Income Operating Partnership II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership and the operating partnership of NorthStar II (“NorthStar II OP”).
    Pursuant to the Combination Agreement, (i) CLNY OP contributed and conveyed to the Company a select portfolio of assets and liabilities (the “CLNY Contributed Portfolio”) of CLNY OP (the “CLNY OP Contribution”), (ii) RED REIT contributed and conveyed to the OP a select portfolio of assets and liabilities of RED REIT (the “RED REIT Contribution” and, together with the CLNY OP Contribution, the “CLNY Contributions”), (iii) NorthStar I merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger (the “NorthStar I Merger”), (iv) NorthStar II merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger (the “NorthStar II Merger” and, together with the NorthStar I Merger, the “Mergers”), and (v) immediately following the Mergers, the Company contributed and conveyed to the OP the CLNY Contributed Portfolio and the equity interests of each of NorthStar I OP and NorthStar II OP then-owned by the Company in exchange for units of membership interest in the OP (the “Company Contribution” and, collectively with the Mergers and the CLNY Contributions, the “Combination”). To satisfy the condition to completion of the Combination that the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Class A common stock”), be approved for listing on a national securities exchange in connection with either an initial public offering or a listing, the Class A common stock was approved for listing by the New York Stock Exchange and began trading under the ticker “CLNC” on February 1, 2018.
The CLNY Contributions were accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control, since both the Company and CLNY Investment Entities were under common control of Colony Capital at the time the contributions were made. Accordingly, the Company’s financial statements for prior periods were recast to reflect the consolidation of the CLNY Investment Entities as if the contribution had occurred on the date of the earliest period presented.
    As used throughout this document, the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean:
•Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. and the consolidated CLNY Investment Entities for periods on or prior to the closing of the Combination on January 31, 2018; and
•The combined operations of Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc., NorthStar I and NorthStar II beginning February 1, 2018, following the closing of the Combination.
    Accordingly, comparisons of the period to period financial information of the Company as set forth herein may not be meaningful because the CLNY Investment Entities represents only a portion of the assets and liabilities Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. acquired in the Combination and does not reflect any potential benefits that may result from realization of future cost savings from operating efficiencies, or other incremental synergies expected to result from the Combination.
    In addition to the financial statements contained herein, you should read and consider the audited financial statements and accompanying notes thereto of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2020.




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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
FORM 10-Q
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IndexPage
4
4
4
4
Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020
6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020
7
Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020
8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020
10
12
7169
116101
119103
120105
120105
120105
122105
123105
Mine Safety Disclosures
123105
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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” or “potential” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, and may cause actual results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement.
Currently, one of the most significant factors that could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from our forward-looking statements is the adverse effect of the current pandemic of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, on the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and performance of the Company, its borrowers and tenants, the real estate market and the global economy and financial markets. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts us, our borrowers and our tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact, the availability and acceptance of effective vaccines, and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. Moreover, investors are cautioned to interpret many of the risks identified under the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 as being heightened as a result of the ongoing and numerous adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Among others, the following uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.statements:
•operating costs and business disruption may be greater than expected;
•uncertainties regarding the ongoingnovel coronavirus pandemic, measures intended to prevent its spread and government actions to mitigate its economic impact have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of COVID-19, the severity of the disease, the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities to contain the COVID-19 outbreak or to treat its impact, the potential negative impacts of COVID-19 on the global economyoperations and its adverse impact on the real estate market, the economy and our investments, financial condition and business operations;condition;
•defaults bywe depend on borrowers in paying debt service on outstanding indebtedness and borrowers’ abilitiestenants for a substantial portion of our revenue and, accordingly, our revenue and our ability to managemake distributions to stockholders will be dependent upon the success and stabilize properties;economic viability of such borrowers and tenants;
•deterioration in the performance of the properties securing our investments (including depletion of interest and other reserves or payment-in-kind concessions in lieu of current interest payment obligations) that may cause deterioration in the performance of our investments and, potentially, principal losses to us;us (including, but not limited to, the Los Angeles mixed-use development loan, other hospitality loans and Dublin development financings);
•the fair value of our investments may be subject to uncertainties;uncertainties or decrease;
•our use of leverage could hinder our ability to make distributions and may significantly impact our liquidity position;
•given our dependence on our external manager, an affiliaterealize the anticipated benefits from the internalization of Colony Capital, Inc., any adverse changes inmanagement following the financial health or otherwisetermination of our manager or Colony Capital, Inc. could hinderrelationship with our operating performance and return on stockholder’s investment;former external manager;
•the ability to realize substantial efficiencies as well as anticipated strategic and financial benefits, including, but not limited to expected returns on equity and/or yields on investments;
•adverse impacts on our corporate revolver, including covenant compliance and borrowing base capacity;
•adverse impacts on our liquidity, including margin calls on master repurchase facilities, debt service or lease payment defaults or deferrals, demands for protective advances and capital expenditures, or our ability to continue to generate liquidity from sales of legacy, non-strategic assets;expenditures;
•our abilityreal estate investments are relatively illiquid and we may not be able to liquidatevary our legacy, non-strategic assets within the projected timeframe or at the projected values;portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions, which may result in losses to us;
•the timing of and ability to deploy available capital;
•we have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and we cannot assure you of our ability to pay maintain or grow the dividenddistributions in the future;
•the timing of and ability to complete repurchases of our stock;
•we are subject to risks associated with obtaining mortgage financing on our real estate, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to refinance certain mortgage debt on similar termsmake distributions to those currently existing or at all;
•whether Colony Capital will continue to serve as our external manager or whether we will pursue a strategic transaction related thereto;stockholders;
•the impact of legislative, regulatory, tax and competitive changes and the actions of governmental authorities, including the current U.S. presidential administration, and in particular those affecting the commercial real estate finance and mortgage industry or our business.
The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. We urge you to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning risks in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 herein and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein.
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“Risk Factors” in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein.
We caution investors not to unduly rely on any forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company is under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, nor to conform prior statements to actual results or revised expectations, and the Company does not intend to do so.


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PART I

I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)December 31, 2019September 30, 2021 (Unaudited)December 31, 2020
AssetsAssetsAssets
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$461,990 $69,619 Cash and cash equivalents$208,711 $474,817 
Restricted cashRestricted cash73,059 126,065 Restricted cash70,304 65,213 
Loans and preferred equity held for investmentLoans and preferred equity held for investment2,143,938 2,848,956 Loans and preferred equity held for investment3,166,236 2,220,688 
Allowance for loan lossesAllowance for loan losses(40,524)(272,624)Allowance for loan losses(42,730)(37,191)
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, netLoans and preferred equity held for investment, net2,103,414 2,576,332 Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net3,123,506 2,183,497 
Real estate securities, available for sale, at fair valueReal estate securities, available for sale, at fair value36,250 252,824 Real estate securities, available for sale, at fair value3,945 10,389 
Real estate, netReal estate, net1,133,318 1,484,796 Real estate, net791,946 839,257 
Investments in unconsolidated ventures ($7,093 and $10,283 at fair value, respectively)424,557 595,305 
Investments in unconsolidated ventures ($4,848 and $6,883 at fair value, respectively)Investments in unconsolidated ventures ($4,848 and $6,883 at fair value, respectively)204,428 373,364 
Receivables, netReceivables, net80,674 46,456 Receivables, net57,789 37,375 
Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, netDeferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net85,881 112,762 Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net67,316 75,700 
Assets held for saleAssets held for sale203,466 189,470 Assets held for sale44,218 323,356 
Other assetsOther assets69,658 87,707 Other assets66,051 60,900 
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair valueMortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value1,839,390 1,872,970 Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value840,341 1,768,069 
Total assetsTotal assets$6,511,657 $7,414,306 Total assets$5,478,555 $6,211,937 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Securitization bonds payable, netSecuritization bonds payable, net$834,621 $833,153 Securitization bonds payable, net$1,500,223 $835,153 
Mortgage and other notes payable, netMortgage and other notes payable, net1,102,999 1,256,112 Mortgage and other notes payable, net764,731 1,022,757 
Credit facilitiesCredit facilities608,632 1,099,233 Credit facilities558,462 535,224 
Due to related party (Note 10)Due to related party (Note 10)9,192 11,016 Due to related party (Note 10)— 10,060 
Accrued and other liabilitiesAccrued and other liabilities111,525 140,424 Accrued and other liabilities92,341 96,578 
Intangible liabilities, netIntangible liabilities, net8,443 22,149 Intangible liabilities, net6,574 7,657 
Liabilities related to assets held for saleLiabilities related to assets held for sale10,787 294 Liabilities related to assets held for sale— 323 
Escrow deposits payableEscrow deposits payable37,642 74,497 Escrow deposits payable54,866 36,973 
Dividends payableDividends payable0 13,164 Dividends payable21,234 — 
Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair valueMortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value1,770,924 1,762,914 Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value800,831 1,708,534 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities4,494,765 5,212,956 Total liabilities3,799,262 4,253,259 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)00
EquityEquityEquity
Stockholders’ equityStockholders’ equityStockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively0 0 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectivelyPreferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively— — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value per shareCommon stock, $0.01 par value per shareCommon stock, $0.01 par value per share
Class A, 950,000,000 shares authorized, 128,582,965 and 128,538,703 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively1,286 1,285 
Class A, 950,000,000 shares authorized, 129,759,132 and 128,564,930 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectivelyClass A, 950,000,000 shares authorized, 129,759,132 and 128,564,930 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively1,298 1,286 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital2,842,892 2,909,181 Additional paid-in capital2,854,626 2,844,023 
Accumulated deficitAccumulated deficit(1,181,747)(819,738)Accumulated deficit(1,468,231)(1,234,224)
Accumulated other comprehensive incomeAccumulated other comprehensive income40,954 28,294 Accumulated other comprehensive income44,886 54,588 
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity1,703,385 2,119,022 Total stockholders’ equity1,432,579 1,665,673 
Noncontrolling interests in investment entitiesNoncontrolling interests in investment entities272,803 31,631 Noncontrolling interests in investment entities213,243 253,225 
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating PartnershipNoncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership40,704 50,697 Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership33,471 39,780 
Total equityTotal equity2,016,892 2,201,350 Total equity1,679,293 1,958,678 
Total liabilities and equityTotal liabilities and equity$6,511,657 $7,414,306 Total liabilities and equity$5,478,555 $6,211,937 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).

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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in Thousands)

The following table presents assets and liabilities of securitization trusts and certain real estate properties that have noncontrolling interests as variable interest entities for which the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary.
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)December 31, 2019September 30, 2021 (Unaudited)December 31, 2020
AssetsAssetsAssets
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$20,471 $14,109 Cash and cash equivalents$10,983 $19,248 
Restricted cashRestricted cash22,009 25,646 Restricted cash13,456 15,397 
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, netLoans and preferred equity held for investment, net915,738 1,016,781 Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net1,729,782 919,681 
Real estate, netReal estate, net415,452 381,608 Real estate, net405,108 413,057 
Investments in unconsolidated venturesInvestments in unconsolidated ventures303,347 0 Investments in unconsolidated ventures199,279 252,384 
Receivables, netReceivables, net27,005 26,044 Receivables, net42,905 25,127 
Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, netDeferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net54,392 36,323 Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net46,302 52,240 
Assets held for sale175,902 102,397 
Other assetsOther assets23,598 26,463 Other assets22,697 21,984 
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair valueMortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value1,839,390 1,872,970 Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value840,341 1,768,069 
Total assetsTotal assets$3,797,304 $3,502,341 Total assets$3,310,853 $3,487,187 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Securitization bonds payable, netSecuritization bonds payable, net$834,621 $833,153 Securitization bonds payable, net$1,500,223 $835,153 
Mortgage and other notes payable, netMortgage and other notes payable, net500,439 341,480 Mortgage and other notes payable, net377,138 399,337 
Credit facilities6,828 23,882 
Accrued and other liabilitiesAccrued and other liabilities111,924 124,969 Accrued and other liabilities72,869 98,576 
Intangible liabilities, netIntangible liabilities, net8,018 20,230 Intangible liabilities, net6,574 7,657 
Liabilities related to assets held for sale10,787 251 
Escrow deposits payableEscrow deposits payable5,652 10,485 Escrow deposits payable5,258 3,591 
Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair valueMortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value1,770,924 1,762,914 Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value800,831 1,708,534 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$3,249,193 $3,117,364 Total liabilities$2,762,893 $3,052,848 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Net interest incomeNet interest incomeNet interest income
Interest incomeInterest income$36,391 $46,991 $122,003 $127,473 Interest income$47,082 $36,391 $119,377 $122,003 
Interest expenseInterest expense(13,426)(23,167)(50,915)(63,505)Interest expense(14,962)(13,426)(40,450)(50,915)
Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trustsInterest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts20,462 22,586 61,556 99,718 Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts10,806 20,462 41,885 61,556 
Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trustsInterest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(18,204)(20,299)(54,627)(91,690)Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(9,508)(18,204)(36,955)(54,627)
Net interest incomeNet interest income25,223 26,111 78,017 71,996 Net interest income33,418 25,223 83,857 78,017 
Property and other incomeProperty and other incomeProperty and other income
Property operating incomeProperty operating income41,678 63,492 137,913 191,393 Property operating income26,376 41,678 76,897 137,913 
Other income (loss)30 820 1,079 1,431 
Other incomeOther income946 30 2,101 1,079 
Total property and other incomeTotal property and other income41,708 64,312 138,992 192,824 Total property and other income27,322 41,708 78,998 138,992 
ExpensesExpensesExpenses
Management fee expenseManagement fee expense7,083 11,355 22,235 34,070 Management fee expense— 7,083 9,596 22,235 
Property operating expenseProperty operating expense15,277 29,756 54,119 86,076 Property operating expense7,266 15,277 22,135 54,119 
Transaction, investment and servicing expenseTransaction, investment and servicing expense1,627 1,433 7,668 3,013 Transaction, investment and servicing expense1,086 1,627 4,018 7,668 
Interest expense on real estateInterest expense on real estate12,205 14,281 37,101 41,786 Interest expense on real estate7,968 12,205 24,378 37,101 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization14,770 25,934 46,766 82,853 Depreciation and amortization8,850 14,770 28,383 46,766 
Provision for loan lossesProvision for loan losses10,404 110,314 80,285 220,572 Provision for loan losses769 10,404 5,194 80,285 
Impairment of operating real estateImpairment of operating real estate3,451 272,722 33,512 282,846 Impairment of operating real estate— 3,451 — 33,512 
Administrative expense (including $1,376, $2,910, $3,267 and $7,466 of equity-based compensation expense, respectively)5,780 7,732 19,569 22,395 
Administrative expense (including $2,695, $1,376, $12,379 and $3,268 of equity-based compensation expense, respectively)Administrative expense (including $2,695, $1,376, $12,379 and $3,268 of equity-based compensation expense, respectively)11,812 5,780 38,460 19,569 
Restructuring chargesRestructuring charges— — 109,321 — 
Total expensesTotal expenses70,597 473,527 301,255 773,611 Total expenses37,751 70,597 241,485 301,255 
Other income (loss)Other income (loss)Other income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netUnrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(13,162)(1,976)(41,589)4,602 Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net3,867 (13,162)32,021 (41,589)
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 2,724 0 2,772 
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netRealized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(3,867)— (23,383)— 
Other gain (loss), netOther gain (loss), net9,680 (2,688)(130,115)(13,829)Other gain (loss), net3,309 9,680 12,512 (130,115)
Loss before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(7,148)(385,044)(255,950)(515,246)
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxesIncome (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes26,298 (7,148)(57,480)(255,950)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated venturesEquity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(1,779)(15,905)(69,889)17,962 Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(95,977)(1,779)(132,243)(69,889)
Income tax benefit (expense)Income tax benefit (expense)15,357 (1,046)11,544 (544)Income tax benefit (expense)(2,065)15,357 (130)11,544 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)6,430 (401,995)(314,295)(497,828)Net income (loss)(71,744)6,430 (189,853)(314,295)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Investment entitiesInvestment entities(1,222)37,445 6,362 38,623 Investment entities61 (1,222)3,746 6,362 
Operating PartnershipOperating Partnership(201)8,519 7,109 10,741 Operating Partnership1,626 (201)4,016 7,109 
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$5,007 $(356,031)$(300,824)$(448,464)
Net income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholdersNet income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders$(70,057)$5,007 $(182,091)$(300,824)
Net income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted (Note 18)
Net income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted (Note 18)
$0.04 $(2.77)$(2.34)$(3.51)
Net income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted (Note 18)
$(0.54)$0.04 $(1.42)$(2.34)
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic and diluted (Note 18)
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic and diluted (Note 18)
128,583 128,541 128,537 128,341 
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic and diluted (Note 18)
128,693 128,583 128,430 128,537 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).


6

Table of Contents
COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in Thousands)
(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$6,430 $(401,995)$(314,295)$(497,828)Net income (loss)$(71,744)$6,430 $(189,853)$(314,295)
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for sale4,291 5,102 (12,228)22,723 Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for sale— 4,291 (200)(12,228)
Change in fair value of net investment hedgesChange in fair value of net investment hedges0 12,791 21,764 21,124 Change in fair value of net investment hedges— — — 21,764 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)Foreign currency translation gain (loss)12,656 (14,445)4,315 (13,832)Foreign currency translation gain (loss)(3,900)12,656 (10,219)4,315 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)Total other comprehensive income (loss)16,947 3,448 13,851 30,015 Total other comprehensive income (loss)(3,900)16,947 (10,419)13,851 
Comprehensive income (loss)Comprehensive income (loss)23,377 (398,547)(300,444)(467,813)Comprehensive income (loss)(75,644)23,377 (200,272)(300,444)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Investment entitiesInvestment entities(2,138)37,445 5,189 38,623 Investment entities(58)(2,138)4,067 5,189 
Operating PartnershipOperating Partnership(519)8,439 7,091 10,040 Operating Partnership1,719 (519)4,413 7,091 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholdersComprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$20,720 $(352,663)$(288,164)$(419,150)Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$(73,983)$20,720 $(191,792)$(288,164)

























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).
7


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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
(in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income		Total
Stockholders’
Equity		Noncontrolling Interests in Investment EntitiesNoncontrolling Interests in the Operating PartnershipTotal
Equity
Class AClass B-3
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 201883,410 $834 44,399 $444 $2,899,353 $(193,327)$(399)$2,706,905 $72,683 $65,614 $2,845,202 
Contributions— — — — — — — — 24 — 24 
Distributions— — — — — — — — (394)— (394)
Conversion of Class B-3 common stock to Class A common stock44,399 444 (44,399)(444)— — — — — — — 
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation800 8 — — 1,835 — — 1,843 — — 1,843 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — 13,519 13,519 — 324 13,843 
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.44 per Class A share and $0.15 per Class B-3 share)— — — — — (55,726)— (55,726)— (1,340)(57,066)
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(96)(1)— — (1,496)— — (1,497)— — (1,497)
Reallocation of equity— — — — (23)— — (23)— 23 — 
Net income (loss)— — — — — 14,908 — 14,908 (298)347 14,957 
Balance as of March 31, 2019128,513 $1,285 0 $0 $2,899,669 $(234,145)$13,120 $2,679,929 $72,015 $64,968 $2,816,912 
Contributions— — — — — — — — 11 — 11 
Distributions— — — — — — — — (1,198)— (1,198)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation32 — — — 2,713 — — 2,713 — — 2,713 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 12,427 12,427 — 297 12,724 
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.44 per share)— — — — — (55,912)— (55,912)— (1,342)(57,254)
Reallocation of equity— — — — 744 — — 744 — (744)— 
Net income (loss)— — — — — (107,341)— (107,341)(880)(2,569)(110,790)
Balance as of June 30, 2019128,545 $1,285 0 $0 $2,903,126 $(397,398)$25,547 $2,532,560 $69,948 $60,610 $2,663,118 
Contributions— — — — — — — — 17 — 17 
Distributions— — — — — — — — (1,110)— (1,110)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — 2,910 — — 2,910 — — 2,910 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 3,368 3,368 — 80 3,448 
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.44 per share)— — — — — (55,915)— (55,915)— (1,338)(57,253)
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(6)— — — (80)— — (80)— — (80)
Reallocation of equity— — — — (50)— — (50)— 50 — 
Net income (loss)— — — — — (356,031)— (356,031)(37,445)(8,519)(401,995)
Balance at September 30, 2019128,539 $1,285 0 $0 $2,905,906 $(809,344)$28,915 $2,126,762 $31,410 $50,883 $2,209,055 

Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income		Total
Stockholders’
Equity		Noncontrolling Interests in Investment EntitiesNoncontrolling Interests in the Operating PartnershipTotal
Equity
Class A
SharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 2019128,539 $1,285 $2,909,181 $(819,738)$28,294 $2,119,022 $31,631 $50,697 $2,201,350 
Distributions— — — — — — (11,013)— (11,013)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation— — 342 — — 342 — — 342 
Other comprehensive income— — — — (70,999)(70,999)— (1,702)(72,701)
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.30 per share)— — — (38,541)— (38,541)— (922)(39,463)
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(173)(1)(1,686)— — (1,687)— — (1,687)
Reallocation of equity— — (41)— — (41)— 41 — 
Costs of noncontrolling equity— — — — — — — — — 
Investment by JV partner in consolidated JV and equity reallocation related to that partner's return (see Note 2)— — — — — — — — — 
Effect of CECL Adoption (see Note 2)
— — — (22,644)— (22,644)— (542)(23,186)
Net income (loss)— — — (78,772)— (78,772)523 (1,892)(80,141)
Balance as of March 31, 2020128,366 $1,284 $2,907,796 $(959,695)$(42,705)$1,906,680 $21,141 $45,680 $1,973,501 
Contributions— — — — — — 200,467 — 200,467 
Distributions— — — — — — (3,156)— (3,156)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation237 2 1,547 — — 1,549 — — 1,549 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 67,946 67,946 257 1,404 69,607 
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.10 per share)— — — — — — — — — 
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(20)— (81)— — (81)— — (81)
Reallocation of equity— — 1,777 — — 1,777 — (1,777)— 
Costs of noncontrolling equity— — (466)— — (466)— — (466)
Investments by JV partner in consolidated JV and equity reallocation to that partner's return (see Note 2)— — (70,439)— — (70,439)70,439 — — 
Net income (loss)— — — (227,059)— (227,059)(8,107)(5,418)(240,584)
Balance as of June 30, 2020128,583 $1,286 $2,840,134 $(1,186,754)$25,241 $1,679,907 $281,041 $39,889 $2,000,837 
Contributions— — — — — — 27 — 27 
Distributions— — — — — — (8,724)— (8,724)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation— — 1,376 — — 1,376 — — 1,376 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 15,713 15,713 916 318 16,947 
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards— — (1)— — (1)— — (1)
Reallocation of equity— — (296)— — (296)— 296 — 
Investment by JV partner in consolidated JV and equity reallocation related to that partner's return (see Note 2)— — 1,679 — — 1,679 (1,679)— — 
Net income— — — 5,007 — 5,007 1,222 201 6,430 
Balance as of September 30, 2020128,583 $1,286 $2,842,892 $(1,181,747)$40,954 $1,703,385 $272,803 $40,704 $2,016,892 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).

8


Table of Contents
COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
(in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income		Total
Stockholders’
Equity		Noncontrolling Interests in Investment EntitiesNoncontrolling Interests in the Operating PartnershipTotal
Equity
Class AClass B-3
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 2019128,539 $1,285 0 $0 $2,909,181 $(819,738)$28,294 $2,119,022 $31,631 $50,697 $2,201,350 
Distributions— — — — — — — — (11,013)— (11,013)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — 342 — — 342 — — 342 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — (70,999)(70,999)— (1,702)(72,701)
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.30 per share)— — — — — (38,541)— (38,541)— (922)(39,463)
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(173)(1)— — (1,686)— — (1,687)— — (1,687)
Reallocation of equity— — — — (41)— — (41)— 41 — 
Effect of CECL adoption (see Note 2)— — — — — (22,644)— (22,644)— (542)(23,186)
Net income (loss)— — — — — (78,772)— (78,772)523 (1,892)(80,141)
Balance as of March 31, 2020128,366 $1,284 0 $0 $2,907,796 $(959,695)$(42,705)$1,906,680 $21,141 $45,680 $1,973,501 
Contributions— — — — — — — — 200,467 — 200,467 
Distributions— — — — — — — — (3,156)— (3,156)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation237 2 — — 1,547 — — 1,549 — — 1,549 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 67,946 67,946 257 1,404 69,607 
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(20)— — — (81)— — (81)— — (81)
Reallocation of equity— — — — 1,777 — — 1,777 — (1,777)— 
Costs of noncontrolling equity— — — (466)— — (466)— — (466)
Investment by JV partner in consolidated JV and equity reallocation related to that partner’s return (see Note 2)— — — — (70,439)— — (70,439)70,439 — — 
Net income (loss)— — — — — (227,059)— (227,059)(8,107)(5,418)(240,584)
Balance as of June 30, 2020128,583 $1,286 0 $0 $2,840,134 $(1,186,754)$25,241 $1,679,907 $281,041 $39,889 $2,000,837 
Contributions— — — — — — — — 27 — 27 
Distributions— — — — — — — — (8,724)— (8,724)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — 1,376 — — 1,376 — — 1,376 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 15,713 15,713 916 318 16,947 
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards— — — — (1)— — (1)— — (1)
Reallocation of equity— — — — (296)— — (296)— 296 — 
Costs of noncontrolling equity— — — — — — — — — — — 
Investment by JV partner in consolidated JV and equity reallocation related to that partner's return (see Note 2)— — — — 1,679 — — 1,679 (1,679)— — 
Net income (loss)— — — — — 5,007 — 5,007 1,222 201 6,430 
Balance as of September 30, 2020128,583 $1,286 0 $0 $2,842,892 $(1,181,747)$40,954 $1,703,385 $272,803 $40,704 $2,016,892 

Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeTotal Stockholders’ EquityNoncontrolling Interests in Investment EntitiesNoncontrolling Interest in the Operating PartnershipTotal Equity
Class A
SharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 2020128,565 $1,286 $2,844,023 $(1,234,224)$54,588 $1,665,673 $253,225 $39,780 $1,958,678 
Contributions— — — — — — 1,384 — 1,384 
Distributions— — — — — — (10,794)— (10,794)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation1,420 14 4,248 — — 4,262 — — 4,262 
Other comprehensive income— — — — (7,742)(7,742)(776)(215)(8,733)
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.10 per share)— — — (12,988)— (12,988)— (308)(13,296)
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(136)(2)(1,307)— — (1,309)— — (1,309)
Reallocation of equity— — 521 — — 521 — (521)— 
Net income (loss)— — — (92,314)— (92,314)(226)(1,953)(94,493)
Balance as of March 31, 2021129,849 $1,298 $2,847,485 $(1,339,526)$46,846 $1,556,103 $242,813 $36,783 $1,835,699 
Contributions— — — — — — 838 — 838 
Distributions— — — — — — (13,148)— (13,148)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation41 — 5,443 — — 5,443 — — 5,443 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 1,966 1,966 336 (89)2,213 
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.14 per share)— — — (18,166)— (18,166)— (431)(18,597)
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(131)— (1,141)— — (1,141)— — (1,141)
Reallocation of equity— — 129 — — 129 — (129)— 
Net income (loss)— — — (19,720)— (19,720)(3,459)(437)(23,616)
Balance as June 30, 2021129,759 $1,298 $2,851,916 $(1,377,412)$48,812 $1,524,614 $227,380 $35,697 $1,787,691 
Contributions— — — — — — 2,096 — 2,096 
Distributions— — — — — — (16,291)— (16,291)
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation— — 2,695 — — 2,695 — — 2,695 
Other comprehensive income— — — — (3,926)(3,926)119 (93)(3,900)
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.16 per share)— — — (20,762)— (20,762)— (492)(21,254)
Reallocation of equity— — 15 — — 15 — (15)— 
Net loss— — — (70,057)— (70,057)(61)(1,626)(71,744)
Balance as of September 30, 2021129,759 $1,298 $2,854,626 $(1,468,231)$44,886 $1,432,579 $213,243 $33,471 $1,679,293 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).
9


Table of Contents
COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920212020
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)$(314,295)$(497,828)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net lossNet loss$(189,853)$(314,295)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated venturesEquity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated ventures69,889 (17,962)Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated ventures132,243 69,889 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization46,766 82,853 Depreciation and amortization28,383 46,766 
Straight-line rental incomeStraight-line rental income(3,100)(5,049)Straight-line rental income(2,199)(3,100)
Amortization of above/below market lease values, netAmortization of above/below market lease values, net(409)(2,401)Amortization of above/below market lease values, net(59)(409)
Amortization of premium/accretion of discount and fees on investments and borrowings, netAmortization of premium/accretion of discount and fees on investments and borrowings, net(7,823)(9,239)Amortization of premium/accretion of discount and fees on investments and borrowings, net(4,659)(7,823)
Amortization of deferred financing costsAmortization of deferred financing costs9,522 6,803 Amortization of deferred financing costs9,129 9,522 
Amortization of right-of-use lease assets and operating lease liabilitiesAmortization of right-of-use lease assets and operating lease liabilities74 73 Amortization of right-of-use lease assets and operating lease liabilities69 74 
Paid-in-kind interest added to loan principal, net of interest receivedPaid-in-kind interest added to loan principal, net of interest received3,856 (5,634)Paid-in-kind interest added to loan principal, net of interest received(13,277)3,856 
Distributions of cumulative earnings from unconsolidated venturesDistributions of cumulative earnings from unconsolidated ventures13,429 53,509 Distributions of cumulative earnings from unconsolidated ventures— 13,429 
Unrealized (gain) loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netUnrealized (gain) loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net41,589 (4,602)Unrealized (gain) loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(32,021)41,589 
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netRealized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 (2,772)Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net23,383 — 
Realized loss on securities from write-down to fair valueRealized loss on securities from write-down to fair value32,606 0 Realized loss on securities from write-down to fair value990 32,606 
Realized loss on sale of real estate securities, available for sale51,889 0 
Realized (gain) loss on sale of real estate securities, available for saleRealized (gain) loss on sale of real estate securities, available for sale(131)51,889 
Realized gain on sale of real estateRealized gain on sale of real estate(9,240)0 Realized gain on sale of real estate(11,911)(9,240)
Realized loss on sale of loans receivableRealized loss on sale of loans receivable1,457 0 Realized loss on sale of loans receivable— 1,457 
Provision for loan lossesProvision for loan losses80,285 220,572 Provision for loan losses5,194 80,285 
Impairment of operating real estateImpairment of operating real estate33,512 282,846 Impairment of operating real estate— 33,512 
Amortization of equity-based compensationAmortization of equity-based compensation3,265 7,466 Amortization of equity-based compensation12,379 3,265 
Mortgage notes above/below market value amortizationMortgage notes above/below market value amortization(628)276 Mortgage notes above/below market value amortization92 (628)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expenseDeferred income tax (benefit) expense(397)(3,298)Deferred income tax (benefit) expense407 (397)
Other (gain) loss, netOther (gain) loss, net23,524 0 Other (gain) loss, net1,369 23,524 
Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables, netReceivables, net(30,907)(1,097)Receivables, net(3,402)(30,907)
Deferred costs and other assetsDeferred costs and other assets7,169 718 Deferred costs and other assets(3,158)7,169 
Due to related partyDue to related party(1,824)(792)Due to related party(10,059)(1,824)
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities(5,347)8,763 Other liabilities(13,894)(5,347)
Net cash provided by operating activities44,862 113,205 
Net cash provided (used in) by operating activitiesNet cash provided (used in) by operating activities(70,985)44,862 
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition, origination and funding of loans and preferred equity held for investment, netAcquisition, origination and funding of loans and preferred equity held for investment, net(122,424)(1,250,018)Acquisition, origination and funding of loans and preferred equity held for investment, net(1,305,599)(122,424)
Repayment on loans and preferred equity held for investmentRepayment on loans and preferred equity held for investment334,208 426,438 Repayment on loans and preferred equity held for investment357,210 334,208 
Repayment on loans held for saleRepayment on loans held for sale137,132 0 Repayment on loans held for sale— 137,132 
Proceeds from sale of real estateProceeds from sale of real estate300,469 0 Proceeds from sale of real estate332,003 300,469 
Cash and restricted cash received related to foreclosure of loans held for investment0 3,436 
Acquisition of and additions to real estate, related intangibles and leasing commissionsAcquisition of and additions to real estate, related intangibles and leasing commissions(19,749)(16,773)Acquisition of and additions to real estate, related intangibles and leasing commissions(9,539)(19,749)
Investments in unconsolidated venturesInvestments in unconsolidated ventures(47,541)(28,344)Investments in unconsolidated ventures(7,477)(47,541)
Proceeds from sale of investments in unconsolidated venturesProceeds from sale of investments in unconsolidated ventures99,985 115,298 Proceeds from sale of investments in unconsolidated ventures— 99,985 
Distributions in excess of cumulative earnings from unconsolidated venturesDistributions in excess of cumulative earnings from unconsolidated ventures25,011 202,732 Distributions in excess of cumulative earnings from unconsolidated ventures35,930 25,011 
Repayment of real estate securities, available for sale, from salesRepayment of real estate securities, available for sale, from sales118,586 0 Repayment of real estate securities, available for sale, from sales5,079 118,586 
Repayment of real estate securities, available for sale, from cost recoveryRepayment of real estate securities, available for sale, from cost recovery3,020 0 Repayment of real estate securities, available for sale, from cost recovery310 3,020 
Repayment of principal in mortgage loans held in securitization trustsRepayment of principal in mortgage loans held in securitization trusts19,816 0 Repayment of principal in mortgage loans held in securitization trusts70,839 19,816 
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held in securitization trusts0 39,848 
Proceeds from sale of beneficial interests of securitization trustsProceeds from sale of beneficial interests of securitization trusts28,662 — 
Net receipts on settlement of derivative instrumentsNet receipts on settlement of derivative instruments19,637 27,699 Net receipts on settlement of derivative instruments— 19,637 
Deposit on investments0 (372)
Change in escrow depositsChange in escrow deposits(36,855)20,817 Change in escrow deposits17,892 (36,855)
Net cash provided (used in) by investing activitiesNet cash provided (used in) by investing activities831,295 (459,239)Net cash provided (used in) by investing activities(474,690)831,295 
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Distributions paid on common stockDistributions paid on common stock(51,705)(167,452)Distributions paid on common stock(31,154)(51,705)
Distributions paid on common stock to noncontrolling interestsDistributions paid on common stock to noncontrolling interests(922)(4,020)Distributions paid on common stock to noncontrolling interests(739)(922)
Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awardsShares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(1,768)(1,576)Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards(2,451)(1,768)
Borrowings from mortgage notesBorrowings from mortgage notes15,026 85,660 Borrowings from mortgage notes7,443 15,026 
Repayment of mortgage notesRepayment of mortgage notes(156,066)(4,448)Repayment of mortgage notes(264,790)(156,066)
Borrowings from credit facilitiesBorrowings from credit facilities255,128 1,830,412 Borrowings from credit facilities943,718 255,128 
Repayment of credit facilitiesRepayment of credit facilities(745,729)(1,288,773)Repayment of credit facilities(920,609)(745,729)
Borrowing from securitization bondsBorrowing from securitization bonds670,000 — 
Repayment of securitization bonds0 (81,372)
Repayment of mortgage obligations issued by securitization trustsRepayment of mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(19,816)0 Repayment of mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(70,839)(19,816)
Payment of deferred financing costsPayment of deferred financing costs(6,943)(7,413)Payment of deferred financing costs(11,129)(6,943)
Contributions from noncontrolling interestsContributions from noncontrolling interests200,028 52 Contributions from noncontrolling interests4,318 200,028 
Distributions to noncontrolling interestsDistributions to noncontrolling interests(22,893)(2,702)Distributions to noncontrolling interests(40,233)(22,893)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(535,660)358,368 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities283,535 (535,660)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashEffect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,132)84 Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash1,125 (1,132)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash339,365 12,418 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(261,015)339,365 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period195,684 187,463 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period540,030 195,684 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period$535,049 $199,881 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period$279,015 $535,049 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).


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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(in Thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to consolidated balance sheets
Beginning of the period
Cash and cash equivalents$69,619 $77,317 
Restricted cash126,065 110,146 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$195,684 $187,463 
End of the period
Cash and cash equivalents$461,990 $60,332 
Restricted cash73,059 139,549 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$535,049 $199,881 
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Consolidation of securitization trust (VIE asset/liability additions)$0 $59,126 
Deconsolidation of securitization trust (VIE asset/liability reductions)0 (1,239,627)
Accrual of distribution payable(13,164)19,087 
Foreclosure of loans held for investment, net of provision for loan losses0 127,356 
Right-of-use lease assets and operating lease liabilities(730)26,781 
Assets transferred to held for sale (Note 7)0 183,895 
Liabilities related to assets held for sale (Note to 7)0 5,487 
Conversion of Class B-3 common stock to Class A common stock0 444 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20212020
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to consolidated balance sheets
Beginning of the period
Cash and cash equivalents$474,817 $69,619 
Restricted cash65,213 126,065 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$540,030 $195,684 
End of the period
Cash and cash equivalents$208,711 $461,990 
Restricted cash70,304 73,059 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$279,015 $535,049 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20212020
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deconsolidation of securitization trust (VIE asset/liability reductions)$(802,196)$— 
Accrual of distribution payable(21,234)(13,164)
Right-of-use lease assets and operating lease liabilities5,435 (730)































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements (unaudited).
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1. Business and Organization
Colony Credit Real Estate,On June 24, 2021, BrightSpire Capital, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”) changed its name from Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. As of June 25, 2021, the Company also changed its principal place of business and corporate headquarters from Los Angeles to New York City, now located at 590 Madison Avenue, 33rd Floor, New York, NY 10022. The Company will continue to be publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange, trading under the new ticker symbol, BRSP.
BrightSpire Capital, Inc. is a commercial real estate (“CRE”) credit real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on originating, acquiring, financing and managing a diversified portfolio consisting primarily of CRE debt investments and net leased properties predominantly in the United States. CRE debt investments primarily consist of first mortgage loans, which the Company expects to be its primary investment strategy. Additionally, the Company may selectively originate mezzanine loans and make preferred equity investments, which may include profit participations. The mezzanine loans and preferred investments equity may be in conjunction with the Company’s origination of corresponding first mortgages on the same properties. Net leased properties consist of CRE properties with long-term leases to tenants on a net-lease basis, where such tenants generally will be responsible for property operating expenses such as insurance, utilities, maintenance capital expenditures and real estate taxes. The Company will continue to target net leased equity investments on a selective basis. The Company also currently has investments in CRE debt securities primarily consisting of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) (including “B-pieces” of a CMBS securitization pool) or CRE collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) (including the junior tranches thereof, collateralized by pools of CRE debt investments). Any future investments in more highly rated investment grade CRE debt securities would be selective and opportunistic.
The Company was organized in the state of Maryland on August 23, 2017. On January 31, 2018, the Company completed the transactions contemplated by that certain Master Combination Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2017 as amended and restated on November 20, 2017 (the “Combination Agreement,” as further discussed below).maintains key offices in New York, New York and Los Angeles, California. The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), beginning with itsthe taxable year ended December 31, 2018. Effective June 25, 2018, the Company changed its name from Colony NorthStar Credit Real Estate, Inc. to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. Also on June 25, 2018, Colony NorthStar, Inc. changed its name to Colony Capital, Inc. The Company conducts all of its activities and holds substantially all of its assets and liabilities through itsthe Company’s operating subsidiary, BrightSpire Capital Operating Company, LLC, (formerly known as Credit RE Operating Company, LLC, (the “Operating Partnership” orthe “OP”). At September 30, 2020,2021, the Company owned 97.7% of the OP, as its sole managing member. The remaining 2.3% is owned by an affiliate of the Company as noncontrolling interests.
The Internalization
On April 30, 2021, the Company is externally managedcompleted the internalization of the Company’s management and has 0 employees. The Company is managed byoperating functions and terminated its relationship with CLNC Manager, LLC (the “Manager”), a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned and indirect subsidiary of DigitalBridge Group, Inc., formerly known as Colony Capital, OperatingInc. (“DigitalBridge”), in accordance with that termination agreement dated April 4, 2021 between the Company, the OP, the Manager and Colony Capital Investment Advisors, LLC (“CLNY OP”), a Delaware limited liability company(the “Termination Agreement,” and the operating company of Colony Capital. Colony Capital manages capital on behalf of its stockholders, as well as institutional and retail investors in private funds, non-traded and traded REITs and registered investment companies.
The Combination
transactions contemplated thereunder, the “Internalization”). Pursuant to the CombinationTermination Agreement, (i) CLNY OP contributed and conveyedthe Company paid the Manager a one-time termination fee of $102.3 million. Therefore, the Company will no longer pay management or incentive fees to the Manager for any post-closing period and the Company has assumed general and administrative expenses directly. The Company anticipates a select portfoliosavings in operating costs as a result of assets and liabilities (the “CLNY OP Contributed Portfolio”) of CLNY OP (the “CLNY OP Contribution”), (ii) NRF RED REIT Corp., a Maryland corporation and indirect subsidiary of CLNY OP (“RED REIT”) contributed and conveyed to the OP a select portfolio of assets and liabilities (the “RED REIT Contributed Portfolio” and, togetherInternalization. Further, in connection with the CLNY OP Contributed Portfolio, the “CLNY Contributed Portfolio”) of RED REIT (the “RED REIT Contribution” and, together with the CLNY OP Contribution, the “CLNY Contributions”), (iii) NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (“NorthStar I”), a publicly registered non-traded REIT sponsored and managed by a subsidiary of Colony Capital, merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger (the “NorthStar I Merger”), (iv) NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc. (“NorthStar II”), a publicly registered non-traded REIT sponsored and managed by a subsidiary of Colony Capital, merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger (the “NorthStar II Merger” and, together with the NorthStar I Merger, the “Mergers”), and (v) immediately following the Mergers, the Company contributed and conveyed to the OP the CLNY OP Contributed Portfolio and the equity interestsInternalization, certain affiliates of each of NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnershipthe Company and the operating partnershipManager entered into a transition services agreement to facilitate an orderly internalization transition of NorthStar I,the Company’s management of its operations and, NorthStar Real Estate Income Operating Partnership II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership and the operating partnership of NorthStar II, then-owned byin addition, the Company in exchange for unitswill provide affiliates of membership interest in the OPManager with certain limited transition services.
The Company’s executive team remains unchanged, including Michael J. Mazzei, Chief Executive Officer and President; Andrew E. Witt, Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President; Frank V. Saracino, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President; David A. Palamé, General Counsel, Secretary and Executive Vice President; George Kok, Chief Credit Officer; and Daniel Katz, Head of Originations. Following the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Company Contribution”“Annual Meeting”), DigitalBridge no longer has affiliated representatives on the Company’s board of directors. The Company’s board of directors is comprised of six members, including five incumbent independent directors, led by Catherine D. Rice, the Company’s Independent Chairperson, Vernon Schwartz, John Westerfield, Winston W. Wilson and collectivelyKim S. Diamond, who was recently appointed during the fourth quarter of 2021, and Michael J. Mazzei, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President. Additionally, certain employees that have contributed substantially to the Company’s investment, underwriting, portfolio and asset management, loan servicing, financial reporting, treasury, legal, tax, credit, risk and compliance responsibilities seamlessly moved forward with the Mergers and the CLNY Contributions, the “Combination”).Company.
On January 18, 2018, the Combination was approved by the stockholders of NorthStar I and NorthStar II. The Combination closed on January 31, 2018 (the “Closing Date”) and the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Class A common stock”), began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) on February 1, 2018 under the symbol “CLNC.”
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The Combination is accounted for under the acquisition method for business combinations pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations, with the Company as the accounting acquirer.
Segment Realignment
During the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2021, the Company realigned the business and reportable segment information to reflect how the Chief Operating Decision Makers (“CODM”) regularly review and manage the business. Refer to Note 17, “Segment Reporting” for further detail.
Impact of COVID-19
ThroughThroughout 2020, continuing into the third quarter of 2020,2021, countries around the world continue to face healthcare and economic challenges arising from the novel coronavirus, disease 2019, or COVID-19. Efforts to address the pandemic, such as social distancing, closures or reduced capacity of retail and service outlets, hotels, factories and public venues, often mandated by governments, are havinghave had a significant impact on the global economy and financial markets across major industries, including many sectors of real estate. In particular, the Company'sCompany’s loans and preferred equity held for investment and real estate investments in the hospitality and retail sectors have experienced or anticipate a myriad of challenges, including, but not limited to: significant declines in operating cash flows of the Company’s investments which in turn affect their ability to meet debt service and covenant requirements on investment-level debt (non-recourse to the Company); flexible lease payment terms sought by tenants; increased property operating costs such as labor and supplies as a result of COVID-19; potential payment defaults on the Company's loans and preferred equity held for investment; and a distressed market affecting real estate values in general. The COVID-19 crisis may also lead to heightened risk of litigation at the investment and corporate level, with an ensuing increase in litigation and related costs.
The sharp decline and volatility in equity and debt markets, and the economic fallout from COVID-19 continue to affect the valuation of the Company’s financial assets, carried at fair value. The Company’s consideration and assessment of impairment is discussed further in Note 3, “Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net, and Loans Held for Sale,” Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale,” Note 6, “Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale” and Note 14, “Fair Value.”
A prolonged economic downturn as a result of efforts to contain COVID-19 may continue to negatively affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. While the extent and duration of the broad effects of COVID-19 on the global economy and the Company remain unclear, the Company believes it has materially addressed overall recoverability in value across its assets based upon external factors known to date and assumptions using the Company’s best estimate at this time. The Company will continue to monitor the progress of the COVID-19 crisis and reassess its effects on the Company’s results of operations and recoverability in value across its assets as conditions change.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The significant accounting policies of the Company are described below. The accounting policies of the Company’s unconsolidated ventures are substantially similar to those of the Company.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the interim periods presented. However, the results of operations for the interim period presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020,2021, or for any other future period. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in, or presented as exhibits to, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.2020.
The Combination
The Combination is accounted for underaccompanying consolidated financial statements include the acquisition method for business combinations pursuant to ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. In the Combination,accounts of the Company was considered to be the accounting acquirer so alland its controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The portions of its assetsequity, net income and liabilities immediately priorother comprehensive income of consolidated subsidiaries that are not attributable to the closing of the Combinationparent are reflected at their historical carrying values. The consideration transferred by the Company established a new accounting basis for the assets acquired, liabilities assumed andpresented separately as amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of NorthStar I and NorthStar II, which were measured at their respective fair values onin the Closing Date.consolidated financial statements.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Restructuring Charges
On April 4, 2021, the Company entered into the Termination Agreement with the Manager whereby its management agreement terminated on April 30, 2021. The termination of the management agreement resulted in a material change in the management structure of the Company, and was accounted for under ASC 420, Exit or disposal cost obligations. The one-time payment made to the Manager under the Termination Agreement, and other associated costs, were recorded within restructuring charges on the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 19, “Restructuring Charges” for additional discussion of the Company’s internalization.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. The portions of the equity, net income and other comprehensive income of consolidated subsidiaries that are not attributable to the parent are presented separately as amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements.
The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest by first considering if an entity meets the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, or if the Company has the power to control an entity through a majority of voting interest or through other arrangements.
Variable Interest Entities
Variable Interest Entities—A VIE is an entity that either (i) lacks sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; (ii) whose equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or (iii) is established with non-substantive voting rights. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who has a controlling financial interest in the VIE through (a) power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance, and (b) obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The Company also considers interests held by its related parties, including de facto agents. The Company assesses whether it is a member of a related party group that collectively meets the power and benefits criteria and, if so, whether the Company is most closely associated with the VIE. In performing the related party analysis, the Company considers both qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: the amount and characteristics of its investment relative to the related party; the Company’s and the related party’s ability to control or significantly influence key decisions of the VIE including consideration of involvement by de facto agents; the obligation or likelihood for the Company or the related party to fund operating losses of the VIE; and the similarity and significance of the VIE’s business activities to those of the Company and the related party. The determination of whether an entity is a VIE, and whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, may involve significant judgment, including the determination of which activities most significantly affect the entities’ performance, and estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of assets held by the VIE.
Voting Interest Entities—Unlike VIEs, voting interest entities have sufficient equity to finance their activities and equity investors exhibit the characteristics of a controlling financial interest through their voting rights. The Company consolidates such entities when it has the power to control these entities through ownership of a majority of the entities’ voting interests or through other arrangements.
At each reporting period, the Company reassesses whether changes in facts and circumstances cause a change in the status of an entity as a VIE or voting interest entity, and/or a change in the Company’s consolidation assessment.
Changes in consolidation status are applied prospectively. An entity may be consolidated as a result of this reassessment, in which case, the assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest in the entity are recorded at fair value upon initial consolidation. Any existing equity interest held by the Company in the entity prior to the Company obtaining control will be remeasured at fair value, which may result in a gain or loss recognized upon initial consolidation. However, if the consolidation represents an asset acquisition of a voting interest entity, the Company’s existing interest in the acquired assets, if any, is not remeasured to fair value but continues to be carried at historical cost. The Company may also deconsolidate a subsidiary as a result of this reassessment, which may result in a gain or loss recognized upon deconsolidation depending on the carrying values of deconsolidated assets and liabilities compared to the fair value of any interests retained.
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company has identified certain consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs. Assets of each of the VIEs, other than the OP, may only be used to settle obligations of the respective VIE. Creditors of each of the VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Consolidated VIEs
The Company’s operating subsidiary, the OP, is a limited liability company that has governing provisions that are the functional equivalent of a limited partnership. The Company holds the majority of membership interest in the OP, is the managing member of the OP and exercises full responsibility, discretion and control over the day-to-day management of the OP. The
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
noncontrolling interests in the OP do not have substantive liquidation rights, substantive kick-out rights without cause, or substantive participating rights that could be exercised by a simple majority of noncontrolling interest members (including by such a member unilaterally). The absence of such rights, which represent voting rights in a limited partnership equivalent structure, would render the OP to be a VIE. The Company, as managing member, has the power to direct the core activities of the OP that most significantly affect the OP’s performance, and through its majority interest in the OP, has both the right to receive benefits from and the obligation to absorb losses of the OP. Accordingly, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the OP and consolidates the OP. As the Company conducts its business and holds its assets and liabilities through the OP, the total assets and liabilities of the OP represent substantially all of the total consolidated assets and liabilities of the Company.
Other consolidated VIEs include the Investing VIEs (as defined and discussed below) and certain operating real estate properties that have noncontrolling interests. TheAt September 30, 2021, the noncontrolling interests in the operating real estate properties represent third party joint venture partners with ownership ranging from 3.5%5.0% to 20.0%11.0%. These noncontrolling interests do not have substantive kick-out nor participating rights.
Investing VIEs
The Company’s investments in securitization financing entities (“Investing VIEs”) include subordinate first-loss tranches of securitization trusts, which represent interests in such VIEs. Investing VIEs are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest payments from the underlying debt collateral assets and distribute those payments to the securitization trust’s certificate holders, including the most subordinate tranches of the securitization trust. Generally, a securitization trust designates the most junior subordinate tranche outstanding as the controlling class, which entitles the holder of the controlling class to unilaterally appoint and remove the special servicer for the trust, and as such may qualify as the primary beneficiary of the trust.
If it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of an Investing VIE as a result of acquiring the subordinate first-loss tranches of the securitization trust, the Company would consolidate the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the entire Investing VIE. The assets held by an Investing VIE are restricted and can only be used to fulfill its own obligations. The obligations of an Investing VIE have neither any recourse to the general credit of the Company as the consolidating parent entity of an Investing VIE, nor to any of the Company’s other consolidated entities.
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company held subordinate tranches of a securitization truststrust in 21 Investing VIEsVIE for which the Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary because it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the securitization trusts.trust. The Company’s subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts,trust, which representrepresents the retained interest and related interest income, are eliminated in consolidation. As a result, all of the assets, liabilities (obligations to the certificate holders of the securitization trusts,trust, less the Company’s retained interest from the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts)trust), income and expenses of the Investing VIEsVIE are presented in the consolidated financial statements of the Company although the Company legally owns the subordinate tranches of the securitization truststrust only. Regardless of the presentation, the Company’s consolidated financial statements of operations ultimately reflect the net income attributable to its retained interest in the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts.trust.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized unrealized gains of $32.0 million and realized losses of $23.4 million. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company sold its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of 1 securitization trust for $28.7 million in total proceeds. In connection with the sale, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $19.5 million. The Company also recognized a realized loss of $19.5 million when the accumulated losses related to the retained investment were reversed and subsequently recorded to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net. The Company deconsolidated the securitization trust with gross assets and liabilities of approximately $830.9 million and $802.2 million, respectively, which excludes accrued interest receivable and payable amounts of $3.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a realized loss of $3.9 million related to the sale of an underlying loan held within 1 of its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of a securitization trust. The Company also recorded an unrealized gain of $3.9 million when the accumulated losses related to the retained investment were reversed and subsequently recorded to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net. The
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
realized loss was previously included in the Company’s loss projections and therefore no additional fair value write down was required in the third quarter of 2021. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
The Company elected the fair value option for the initial recognition of the assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs. Interest income and interest expense associated with the Investing VIEs are presented separately on the consolidated statements of operations, and the assets and liabilities of the Investing VIEs are separately presented as “Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value” and “Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value,” respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 14, “Fair Value” for further discussion.
The Company has adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), allowing the Company to measure both the financial assets and liabilities of a qualifying collateralized financing entity (“CFE”), such as its Investing VIEs, using the fair value of either the CFE’s financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable. A CFE is a VIE that holds financial assets, issues beneficial interests in those assets and has no more than nominal equity, and the beneficial interests have contractual recourse only to the related assets of the CFE. As the liabilities of the Company’s Investing VIEs are marketable securities with observable trade data, their fair value is more observable and is referenced to determine fair value of the assets of its Investing VIEs. Refer to Note 14, “Fair Value” for further discussion.
Unconsolidated VIEs
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company identified unconsolidated VIEs related to its securities investments, indirect interests in real estate through real estate private equity funds (“PE Investments”) and CRE debt investments. Based on management’s
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
analysis, the Company determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the above VIEs. Accordingly, the VIEs are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements as of September 30, 2020.2021.
Assets of each of the VIEs may only be used to settle obligations of the respective VIE. Creditors of each of the VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.
The following table presents the Company’s classification, carrying value and maximum exposure of unconsolidated VIEs as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Carrying ValueMaximum Exposure to LossCarrying ValueMaximum Exposure to Loss
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, netLoans and preferred equity held for investment, net$18,909 $18,909 
Real estate securities, available for saleReal estate securities, available for sale$36,250 $31,959 Real estate securities, available for sale3,945 3,945 
Investments in unconsolidated venturesInvestments in unconsolidated ventures349,635 374,279 Investments in unconsolidated ventures199,279 203,753 
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net13,638 13,638 
Total assetsTotal assets$399,523 $419,876 Total assets$222,133 $226,607 
The Company did not provide financial support to the unconsolidated VIEs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.2021. As of September 30, 2020,2021, there were no explicit arrangements or implicit variable interests that could require the Company to provide financial support to the unconsolidated VIEs. The maximum exposure to loss of real estate securities, available for sale was determined as the amortized cost as of September 30, 2020.2021. See Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion on fair value of the real estate securities. The maximum exposure to loss of investments in unconsolidated ventures and loans and preferred equity held for investment, net was determined as the carrying value plus any future funding commitments. Refer to Note 3, “Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net and Loans Held for Sale”net” and Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies” for further discussion.
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities—This represents interests in consolidated investment entities held by third party joint venture partners and prior to the closing of the Combination,Company’s formation transactions (the “Combination”) on January 31, 2018, such interests held by private funds managed by Colony Capital.DigitalBridge. Subsequent to the Combination, the Company entered into a preferred financing arrangement with Goldman Sachs (“GS”) limited to interests in 4 co-investments and a triple-net industrial distribution center. Allocation of net income or loss is generally based upon relative ownership interests held by equity owners in each investment entity, or based upon contractual arrangements that may provide for disproportionate allocation of economic returns among equity interests, including using a hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) basis, where applicable and substantive. HLBV uses a balance sheet approach, which measures each party’s capital account at the end of a period assuming that the subsidiary was liquidated or sold at book value. Each party’s share of the subsidiary’s earnings or loss is calculated by measuring the change in the party’s capital account from the beginning of the period in question to the end of period, adjusting for effects of distributions and new investments.
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(Unaudited)
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership—This represents membership interests in the OP held by RED REIT.an affiliate of DigitalBridge. Noncontrolling interests in the OP are allocated a share of net income or loss in the OP based on their weighted average ownership interest in the OP during the period. Noncontrolling interests in the OP have the right to require the OP to redeem part or all of the membership units in the OP for cash based on the market value of an equivalent number of shares of Class A common stock at the time of redemption, or at the Company’s election as managing member of the OP, through the issuance of shares of Class A common stock on a 1-for-one basis. At the end of each reporting period, noncontrolling interests in the OP is adjusted to reflect their ownership percentage in the OP at the end of the period, through a reallocation between controlling and noncontrolling interests in the OP, as applicable.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The Company reports consolidated comprehensive income (loss) in separate statements following the consolidated statements of operations. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity resulting from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (“OCI”). The components of OCI include unrealized gain (loss) on CRE debt securities available for sale for which the fair value option was not elected, gain (loss) on derivative instruments used in the Company’s risk management activities used for economic hedging purposes (“designated hedges”), and gain (loss) on foreign currency translation.
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is based on an exit price, defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Where appropriate, the Company makes adjustments to estimated fair values to appropriately reflect counterparty credit risk as well as the Company’s own credit-worthiness.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The estimated fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are categorized into a three-tier hierarchy, prioritized based on the level of transparency in inputs used in the valuation techniques, as follows:
Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in non-active markets, or valuation techniques utilizing inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable data directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3—At least one assumption or input is unobservable and it is significant to the fair value measurement, requiring significant management judgment or estimate.
Where the inputs used to measure the fair value of a financial instrument fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the financial instrument is categorized within the hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its fair value measurement.
Fair Value Option
The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial instruments. Gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. The fair value option may be elected only upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including when the Company enters into an eligible firm commitment, at initial recognition of the financial instrument, as well as upon a business combination or consolidation of a subsidiary. The election is irrevocable unless a new election event occurs.
The Company has elected the fair value option for PE Investments. The Company has also elected the fair value option to account for the eligible financial assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs in order to mitigate potential accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the instruments and the related assets and liabilities to be consolidated. The Company has adopted the measurement alternative allowing the Company to measure both the financial assets and financial liabilities of a qualifying CFE it consolidates using the fair value of either the CFE’s financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable.
Business Combinations
Definition of a Business—The Company evaluates each purchase transaction to determine whether the acquired assets meet the definition of a business. If substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. If not, for an acquisition to be considered a business, it would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly
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contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., there is a continuation of revenue before and after the transaction). A substantive process is not ancillary or minor, cannot be replaced without significant costs, effort or delay or is otherwise considered unique or scarce. To qualify as a business without outputs, the acquired assets would require an organized workforce with the necessary skills, knowledge and experience that performs a substantive process.
Asset Acquisitions—For acquisitions that are not deemed to be businesses, the assets acquired are recognized based on their cost to the Company as the acquirer and no gain or loss is recognized. The cost of assets acquired in a group is allocated to individual assets within the group based on their relative fair values and does not give rise to goodwill. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of assets are included in the cost basis of the assets acquired.
Business Combinations—The Company accounts for acquisitions that qualify as business combinations by applying the acquisition method. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of a business are expensed as incurred and excluded from the fair value of consideration transferred. The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity are recognized and measured at their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair values of identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity, net of fair value of any previously held interest in the acquired entity, is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company did 0tnot have any cash equivalents at September 30, 20202021 or December 31, 2019.2020. The Company’s cash is held with major financial institutions and may at times exceed federally insured limits.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of borrower escrow deposits, tenant escrow deposits and real estate capital expenditure reserves.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment
The Company originates and purchases loans and preferred equity held for investment. The accounting framework for loans and preferred equity held for investment depends on the Company’s strategy whether to hold or sell the loan, whether the loan was credit-impaired at the time of acquisition, or if the lending arrangement is an acquisition, development and construction loan.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment
Loans and preferred equity that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as held for investment. Originated loans and preferred equity are recorded at amortized cost, or outstanding unpaid principal balance plus exit fees less net deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan fees include unamortized origination and other fees charged to the borrower less direct incremental loan origination costs incurred by the Company. Purchased loans and preferred equity are recorded at amortized cost, or unpaid principal balance plus purchase premium or less unamortized discount. Costs to purchase loans and preferred equity are expensed as incurred.
Interest Income—Interest income is recognized based upon contractual interest rate and unpaid principal balance of the loans and preferred equity investments. Net deferred loan fees on originated loans and preferred equity investments are deferred and amortized as adjustments to interest income over the expected life of the loans and preferred equity investments using the effective yield method. Premium or discount on purchased loans and preferred equity investments are amortized as adjustments to interest income over the expected life of the loans and preferred equity investments using the effective yield method. When a loan or preferred equity investment is prepaid, prepayment fees and any excess of proceeds over the carrying amount of the loan or preferred equity investment is recognized as additional interest income.
The Company has debt investments in its portfolio that contain a payment-in-kind (“PIK”) provision. Contractual PIK interest, which represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance that is due at the end of the loan term, is generally recorded on an accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. The Company will generally cease accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or management does not expect the borrower to be able to pay all principal and interest due.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
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Nonaccrual—Accrual of interest income is suspended on nonaccrual loans and preferred equity investments. Loans and preferred equity investments that are past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest, or where reasonable doubt exists as to timely collection, are generally considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual.nonaccrual status. Interest receivable is reversed against interest income when loans and preferred equity investments are placed on nonaccrual status. Interest collected is recognized on a cash basis by crediting income when received; or if ultimate collectability of loan and preferred equity principal is uncertain, interest collected is recognized using a cost recovery method by applying interest collected as a reduction to loan and preferred equity carrying value. Loans and preferred equity investments may be restored to accrual status when all principal and interest are current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest are reasonably assured.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans that the Company intends to sell or liquidate in the foreseeable future are classified as held for sale. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less disposal cost, with valuation changes recognized as impairment loss. Loans held for sale are not subject to allowance for loan losses. Net deferred loan origination fees and loan purchase premiums or discounts are deferred and capitalized as part of the carrying value of the held for sale loan until the loan is sold, therefore included in the periodic valuation adjustments based on lower of cost or fair value less disposal cost.
At September 30, 2020,2021, the Company had 0no loans classified as held for sale.
Acquisition, Development and Construction (“ADC”) Arrangements
The Company provides loans to third party developers for the acquisition, development and construction of real estate. Under an ADC arrangement, the Company participates in the expected residual profits of the project through the sale, refinancing or other use of the property. The Company evaluates the characteristics of each ADC arrangement, including its risks and rewards, to determine whether they are more similar to those associated with a loan or an investment in real estate. ADC arrangements with characteristics implying loan classification are presented as loans held for investment and result in the recognition of interest income. ADC arrangements with characteristics implying real estate joint ventures are presented as investments in
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
unconsolidated joint ventures and are accounted for using the equity method. The classification of each ADC arrangement as either loan receivable or real estate joint venture involves significant judgment and relies on various factors, including market conditions, amount and timing of expected residual profits, credit enhancements in the form of guaranties, estimated fair value of the collateral, and significance of borrower equity in the project, among others. The classification of ADC arrangements is performed at inception, and periodically reassessed when significant changes occur in the circumstances or conditions described above.
Operating Real Estate
Real Estate Acquisitions—Real estate acquired in acquisitions that are deemed to be business combinations is recorded at the fair values of the acquired components at the time of acquisition, allocated among land, buildings, improvements, equipment and lease-related tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities, including forgone leasing costs, in-place lease values and above- or below-market lease values. Real estate acquired in acquisitions that are deemed to be asset acquisitions is recorded at the total value of consideration transferred, including transaction costs, and allocated to the acquired components based upon relative fair value. The estimated fair value of acquired land is derived from recent comparable sales of land and listings within the same local region based on available market data. The estimated fair value of acquired buildings and building improvements is derived from comparable sales, discounted cash flow analysis using market-based assumptions, or replacement cost, as appropriate. The fair value of site and tenant improvements is estimated based upon current market replacement costs and other relevant market rate information.
Real Estate Held for Investment
Real estate held for investment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation.
Costs Capitalized or Expensed—Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred, while expenditures for significant renovations that improve or extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
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Depreciation—Real estate held for investment, other than land, is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:
Real Estate AssetsTerm
Building (fee interest)7 to 48 years
Building leasehold interestsLesser of remaining term of the lease or remaining life of the building
Building improvementsLesser of the useful life or remaining life of the building
Land improvements1 to 15 years
Tenant improvementsLesser of the useful life or remaining term of the lease
Furniture, fixtures and equipment2 to 8 years
Impairment—The Company evaluates its real estate held for investment for impairment periodically or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates real estate for impairment generally on an individual property basis. If an impairment indicator exists, the Company evaluates the undiscounted future net cash flows that are expected to be generated by the property, including any estimated proceeds from the eventual disposition of the property. If multiple outcomes are under consideration, the Company may apply a probability-weighted approach to the impairment analysis. Based upon the analysis, if the carrying value of a property exceeds its undiscounted future net cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of the property over the estimated fair value of the property. In evaluating and/or measuring impairment, the Company considers, among other things, current and estimated future cash flows associated with each property, market information for each sub-market, including, where applicable, competition levels, foreclosure levels, leasing trends, occupancy trends, lease or room rates, and the market prices of similar properties recently sold or currently being offered for sale, and other quantitative and qualitative factors. Another key consideration in this assessment is the Company’s assumptions about the highest and best use of its real estate investments and its intent and ability to hold them for a reasonable period that would allow for the recovery of their carrying values. If such assumptions change and the Company shortens its expected hold period, this may result in the recognition of impairment losses. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded impairment related to its operating real estate of $3.5 million to reflect the net proceeds expected to be received based on executed purchase and sale agreements. See Note 6, “Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale” and Note 14, “Fair Value” for further detail.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Real Estate Held for Sale
Real estate is classified as held for sale in the period when (i) management approves a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to usual and customary terms, (iii) a program is initiated to locate a buyer and actively market the asset for sale at a reasonable price, and (iv) completion of the sale is probable within one year. Real estate held for sale is stated at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less disposal cost, with any write-down to fair value less disposal cost recorded as an impairment loss. For any increase in fair value less disposal cost subsequent to classification as held for sale, the impairment loss may be reversed, but only up to the amount of cumulative loss previously recognized. Depreciation is not recorded on assets classified as held for sale. At the time a sale is consummated, the excess, if any, of sale price less selling costs over carrying value of the real estate is recognized as a gain.
If circumstances arise that were previously considered unlikely and, as a result, the Company decides not to sell the real estate asset previously classified as held for sale, the real estate asset is reclassified as held for investment. Upon reclassification, the real estate asset is measured at the lower of (i) its carrying amount prior to classification as held for sale, adjusted for depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the real estate been continuously classified as held for investment, and (ii) its estimated fair value at the time the Company decides not to sell.
At September 30, 2020, the Company classified several of its2021, there were 2 properties in its Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio as held for sale. See Note 6, “Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale,”Sale” and Note 17, “Segment Reporting” and Note 19, “Subsequent Events” for further detail.
Foreclosed Properties
The Company receives foreclosed properties in full or partial settlement of loans held for investment by taking legal title or physical possession of the properties. Foreclosed properties are generally recognized at the time the real estate is received at foreclosure sale or upon execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Foreclosed properties are initially measured at fair value. If the fair value of the property is lower than the carrying value of the loan, the difference is recognized as provision for loan loss and the cumulative loss allowance on the loan is charged off. The Company periodically evaluates foreclosed properties for subsequent decrease in fair value, which is recorded as an additional impairment loss. Fair value of foreclosed properties is generally based on third party appraisals, broker price opinions, comparable sales or a combination thereof.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Real Estate Securities
The Company classifies its CRE securities investments as available for sale on the acquisition date, which are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded as a component of accumulated OCI in the consolidated statements of equity. However, the Company has elected the fair value option for the assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs, and as a result, any unrealized gains (losses) on the consolidated Investing VIEs are recorded in unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company held subordinate tranches of 21 securitization trusts,trust, which represent the Company’s retained interest in thea securitization trusts, whichtrust that the Company consolidates under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Impairment
CRE securities for which the fair value option is elected are not evaluated for impairment as any change in fair value is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Realized losses on such securities are reclassified to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trust, net as losses occur.
CRE securities for which the fair value option is not elected are evaluated for impairment quarterly. Impairment of a security is considered when the fair value is below the amortized cost basis, which is then further analyzed when: (i) the holder has the intent to sell the impaired security; (ii) it is more likely than not the holder will be required to sell the security; or (iii) the holder does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost of the security. When a CRE security has been deemed impaired due to (i) or (ii) or (iii), the security is written down to its fair value and an impairment is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. In all other situations, the unrealized loss is bifurcated into: (a) the amount related to expected credit losses; and (b) the amount related to other factors in excess of expected credit losses. The portion of impairment related to expected credit losses is recognized as an allowance for credit losses. The remaining impairment related to other factors is recognized as a component of accumulated OCI in the consolidated statements of equity. CRE securities which are not high-credit quality are considered to have an impairment if the security has an unrealized loss and there has been an adverse change in expected cash flow. The amount of impairment is then bifurcated as discussed above.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $3.4$1.0 million and $32.6 million, respectively, related to its CRE securities. The impairment loss is included in other loss,gain, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures
A noncontrolling, unconsolidated ownership interest in an entity may be accounted for using one of (i) equity method where applicable; (ii) fair value option if elected; (iii) fair value through earnings if fair value is readily determinable, including election of net asset value (“NAV”) practical expedient where applicable; or (iv) for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, the measurement alternative to measure at cost adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes, as applicable.
Fair value changes of equity method investments under the fair value option are recorded in earnings from investments in unconsolidated ventures. Fair value changes of other equity investments, including adjustments for observable price changes under the measurement alternative, are recorded in other gain (loss).
Equity Method Investments
The Company accounts for investments under the equity method of accounting if it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an entity, but does not have a controlling financial interest. The equity method investment is initially recorded at cost and adjusted each period for capital contributions, distributions and the Company’s share of the entity’s net income or loss as well as other comprehensive income or loss. The Company’s share of net income or loss may differ from the stated ownership percentage interest in an entity if the governing documents prescribe a substantive non-proportionate earnings allocation formula or a preferred return to certain investors. For certain equity method investments, the Company records its proportionate share of income on a one to three month lag. Distributions of operating profits from equity method investments are reported as operating activities, while distributions in excess of operating profits are reported as investing activities in the statement of cash flows under the cumulative earnings approach.
At September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures consisted of investments in PE Investments, senior loans, mezzanine loans and preferred equity held in joint ventures, as well as ADC arrangements accounted for as equity method investments.
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Impairment
Evaluation of impairment applies to equity method investments and equity investments under the measurement alternative. If indicators of impairment exist, the Company will first estimate the fair value of its investment. In assessing fair value, the Company generally considers, among others, the estimated enterprisefair value of the investee, or fair valuewhich is based on significant assumptions including the estimated timing and probabilities of the investee’s underlying net assets, including netfuture cash flows to be generated byof the investee as applicable.unconsolidated joint venture, utilizing discount rates and capitalization rates.
For investments under the measurement alternative, if carrying value of the investment exceeds its fair value, an impairment is deemed to have occurred.
For equity method investments, further consideration is made if a decrease in value of the investment is other-than-temporary to determine if impairment loss should be recognized. Assessment of OTTI involves management judgment, including, but not limited to, consideration of the investee’s financial condition, operating results, business prospects and creditworthiness, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment until recovery of its carrying value, or a significant and prolonged decline in traded price of the investee’s equity security.value. If management is unable to reasonably assert that an impairment is temporary or believes that the Company may not fully recover the carrying value of its investment, then the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary.
Investments that are other-than-temporarily impaired are written down to their estimated fair value. Impairment loss is recorded in earnings from investments in unconsolidated ventures for equity method investments and in other gain (loss) for investments under the measurement alternative.
Identifiable Intangibles
In a business combination or asset acquisition, the Company may recognize identifiable intangibles that meet either or both the contractual-legal criterion or the separability criterion. An indefinite-lived intangible is not subject to amortization until such time that its useful life is determined to no longer be indefinite, at which point, it will be assessed for impairment and its adjusted carrying amount amortized over its remaining useful life. Finite-lived intangibles are amortized over their useful life in a manner that reflects the pattern in which the intangible is being consumed if readily determinable, such as based upon
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
expected cash flows; otherwise they are amortized on a straight line basis. The useful life of all identified intangibles will be periodically reassessed and if useful life changes, the carrying amount of the intangible will be amortized prospectively over the revised useful life.
Lease Intangibles—Identifiable intangibles recognized in acquisitions of operating real estate properties generally include in-place leases, above- or below-market leases and deferred leasing costs, all of which have finite lives. In-place leases generate value over and above the tangible real estate because a property that is occupied with leased space is typically worth more than a vacant building without an operating lease contract in place. The estimated fair value of acquired in-place leases is derived based on management’s assessment of costs avoided from having tenants in place, including lost rental income, rent concessions and tenant allowances or reimbursements, that hypothetically would be incurred to lease a vacant building to its actual existing occupancy level on the valuation date. The net amount recorded for acquired in-place leases is included in intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable leases. If an in-place lease is terminated, the unamortized portion is charged to depreciation and amortization expense.
The estimated fair value of the above- or below-market component of acquired leases represents the present value of the difference between contractual rents of acquired leases and market rents at the time of the acquisition for the remaining lease term, discounted for tenant credit risks. Above- or below-market operating lease values are amortized on a straight-line basis as a decrease or increase to rental income, respectively, over the applicable lease terms. This includes fixed rate renewal options in acquired leases that are below-market, which are amortized to decrease rental income over the renewal period. Above- or below-market ground lease obligations are amortized on a straight-line basis as a decrease or increase to rent expense, respectively, over the applicable lease terms. If the above- or below-market operating lease values or above- or below-market ground lease obligations are terminated, the unamortized portion of the lease intangibles are recorded in rental income or rent expense, respectively.
Deferred leasing costs represent management’s estimate of the avoided leasing commissions and legal fees associated with an existing in-place lease. The net amount is included in intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable lease.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Transfers of Financial Assets
Sale accounting for transfers of financial assets requires the transfer of an entire financial asset, a group of financial assets in its entirety or if a component of the financial asset is transferred, that the component meets the definition of a participating interest with characteristics that mirror the original financial asset.
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. If the Company has any continuing involvement, rights or obligations with the transferred financial asset (outside of standard representations and warranties), sale accounting requires that the transfer meets the following sale conditions: (1) the transferred asset has been legally isolated; (2) the transferee has the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred asset; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred asset through an agreement that provides for (a) both an entitlement and an obligation by the Company to repurchase or redeem the asset before its maturity, (b) the unilateral ability by the Company to reclaim the asset and a more than trivial benefit attributable to that ability, or (c) the transferee requiring the Company to repurchase the asset at a price so favorable to the transferee that it is probable the repurchase will occur.
If sale accounting is met, the transferred financial asset is removed from the balance sheet and a net gain or loss is recognized upon sale, taking into account any retained interests. Transfers of financial assets that do not meet the criteria for sale are accounted for as financing transactions, or secured borrowing.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. All derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and included in other assets or other liabilities on a gross basis on the balance sheet. The accounting for changes in fair value of derivatives depends upon whether or not the Company has elected to designate the derivative in a hedging relationship and the derivative qualifies for hedge accounting. The Company has economic hedges that have not been designated for hedge accounting.
Changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as accounting hedges are recorded in the statement of operations in other gain (loss), net.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
For designated accounting hedges, the relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the accounting hedges as well as the methods to assess the effectiveness of the derivative prospectively and retrospectively, are formally documented at inception. Hedge effectiveness relates to the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exactly offsets the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. If it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be or has ceased to be highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued.
Cash Flow Hedges—The Company uses interest rate caps and swaps to hedge its exposure to interest rate fluctuations in forecasted interest payments on floating rate debt. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, while hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings. If the derivative in a cash flow hedge is terminated or the hedge designation is removed, related amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified into earnings.
Net Investment Hedges—The Company uses foreign currency hedges to protect the value of its net investments in foreign subsidiaries or equity method investees whose functional currencies are not U.S. dollars. Changes in the fair value of derivatives used as hedges of net investment in foreign operations, to the extent effective, are recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment account within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
At the end of each quarter, the Company reassesses the effectiveness of its net investment hedges and as appropriate, dedesignates the portion of the derivative notional amount that is in excess of the beginning balance of its net investments as undesignated hedges.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Release of accumulated other comprehensive income related to net investment hedges occurs upon losing a controlling financial interest in an investment or obtaining control over an equity method investment. Upon sale, complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign subsidiary, or partial sale of an equity method investment, the gain or loss on the related net investment hedge is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings. Refer to Note 15, “Derivatives” for further discussion on the Company’s derivative and hedging activity.
Financing Costs
Financing costs primarily include debt discounts and premiums as well as deferred financing costs. Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing. Costs related to revolving credit facilities are recorded in other assets and are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line basis over the term of the facility. Costs related to other borrowings are recorded net against the carrying value of such borrowings and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed to realized gain (loss) when the associated facility is repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions, which do not close, are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not occur.
Revenue Recognition
Property Operating Income
Property operating income includes the following:
Rental Income—Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the related lease which includes the effects of minimum rent increases and rent abatements under the lease. Rents received in advance are deferred.
When it is determined that the Company is the owner of tenant improvements, the cost to construct the tenant improvements, including costs paid for or reimbursed by the tenants, is capitalized. For tenant improvements owned by the Company, the amount funded by or reimbursed by the tenants are recorded as deferred revenue, which is amortized on a straight-line basis as additional rental income over the term of the related lease. Rental income recognition commences when the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use and the tenant takes possession of the leased space.
When it is determined that the tenant is the owner of tenant improvements, the Company’s contribution towards those improvements is recorded as a lease incentive, included in deferred leasing costs and intangible assets on the balance sheet, and amortized as a reduction to rental income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental income recognition commences when the tenant takes possession of the lease space.
Tenant Reimbursements—In net lease arrangements, the tenant is generally responsible for operating expenses related to the property, including real estate taxes, property insurance, maintenance, repairs and improvements. Costs reimbursable from tenants and other recoverable costs are recognized as revenue in the period the recoverable costs are incurred. When the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Company is the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services for property operations and has discretion in selecting the supplier and retains credit risk, tenant reimbursement revenue and property operating expenses are presented on a gross basis in the statements of operations. For certain triple net leases where the lessee self-manages the property, hires its own service providers and retains credit risk for routine maintenance contracts, no reimbursement revenue and expense are recognized.
Hotel Operating Income—Hotel operating income includes room revenue, food and beverage sales and other ancillary services. Revenue is recognized upon occupancy of rooms, consummation of sales and provision of services.
Real Estate Securities
Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method with any premium or discount amortized or accreted through earnings based on expected cash flow through the expected maturity date of the security. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews, and if appropriate, adjusts its cash flow projections based on inputs and analyses received from external sources, internal models, and the Company’s judgment about prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses and other factors. Changes in the amount or timing of cash flows from those originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation date, are considered to be either favorable changes or adverse changes.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Adverse changes in the timing or amount of cash flows on CRE securities could result in the Company recording an increase in the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses are calculated using a discounted cash flow approach and is measured as the difference between the amortized cost of a CRE security and estimate of cash flows expected to be collected discounted at the effective interest rate used to accrete the CRE security. The allowance for credit losses is recorded as a contra-asset and a reduction in earnings. The allowance for credit losses will be limited to the amount of the unrealized losses on the CRE securities. Any allowance for credit losses in excess of the unrealized losses on the CRE securities are accounted for as a prospective reduction of the effective interest rate. No allowance is recorded for CRE securities in an unrealized gain position. Favorable changes in the discounted cash flow will result in a reduction in the allowance for credit losses, if any. Any reduction in allowance for credit losses is recorded in earnings. If the allowance for credit losses has been reduced to zero, the remaining favorable changes are reflected as a prospective increase to the effective interest rate.
As of April 1, 2020, the Company has placed its investment grade and non-investment grade rated CRE securities on cost recovery and as a result, has ceased accretion of any discounts to expected maturity and applied any cash interest received against the CRE securities amortized cost basis. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Foreign Currency
Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the functional currency is a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the corresponding results of operations for such entities are translated using the average exchange rate in effect during the period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders’ equity. Upon sale, complete or substantially complete liquidation of a foreign subsidiary, or upon partial sale of a foreign equity method investment, the translation adjustment associated with the investment, or a proportionate share related to the portion of equity method investment sold, is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into earnings.
Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the functional currency is the U.S. dollar are remeasured using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the corresponding results of operations for such entities are remeasured using the average exchange rate in effect during the period. The resulting foreign currency remeasurement adjustments are recorded in other gain (loss), net on the consolidated statements of operations.
Disclosures of non-U.S. dollar amounts to be recorded in the future are translated using exchange rates in effect at the date of the most recent balance sheet presented.
Equity-Based Compensation
Equity-classified stock awards granted to executive officers and both independent and non-independent directors are based on the closing price of the Class A common stock on the grant date and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for restricted stock awards. For performance stock units (“PSUs”) the fair value is based on a Monte Carlo simulation as of the grant date and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the measurement period. See Note 11, “Equity-Based Compensation” for further discussion.
The compensation expense is adjusted for actual forfeitures upon occurrence. Equity-based compensation is classified within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Earnings Per Share
The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) using the two-class method. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing earnings allocated to common shareholders, as adjusted for unallocated earnings attributable to certain participating securities, if any, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is based on the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. The two-class method is an allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each share of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. The Company has certain share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends, which are considered participating securities for the purposes of computing EPS pursuant to the two-class method.
Income Taxes
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2018. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the real
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
estate qualification of sources of its income, the real estate composition and values of its assets, the amounts it distributes to stockholders and the diversity of ownership of its stock.
To the extent that the Company qualifies as a REIT, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent of its distributions to stockholders. The Company believes that all of the criteria to maintain the Company’s REIT qualification have been met for the applicable periods, but there can be no assurance that these criteria will continue to be met in subsequent periods. If the Company were to fail to meet these requirements, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax and potential interest and penalties, which could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distributions to its stockholders. The Company’s accounting policy with respect to interest and penalties is to classify these amounts as a component of income tax expense, where applicable.
The Company may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. Under certain circumstances, U.S. federal income and excise taxes may be due on its undistributed taxable income. The Company also holds investments in Europe which are subject to tax in each local jurisdiction.
The Company made joint elections to treat certain subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) which may be subject to taxation by U.S. federal, state and local authorities. In general, a TRS of the Company may perform non-customary services for tenants, hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and engage in most real estate or non-real estate-related business.
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to taxation by U.S. federal, state and local authorities for the periods presented. Income taxes are accounted for by the asset/liability approach in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Deferred taxes, if any, represent the expected future tax consequences when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Such amounts arise from differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax laws and tax rates in the period during which such changes are enacted. A provision for income tax represents the total of income taxes paid or payable for the current period, plus the change in deferred taxes. Current and deferred taxes are recorded on the portion of earnings (losses) recognized by the Company with respect to its interest in TRSs. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are calculated based on temporary differences between the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements and the U.S. federal, state and local tax basis of assets and liabilities as of the consolidated balance sheet date. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets (e.g., net operating loss and capital loss carryforwards) and recognizes a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. When evaluating the realizability of its deferred tax assets, the Company considers estimates of expected future taxable income, existing and projected book/tax differences, tax planning strategies available and the general and industry-specific economic outlook. This realizability analysis is inherently subjective, as it requires the Company to forecast its business and general economic environment in future periods. Changes in estimate of deferred tax asset realizability, if any, are included in income tax benefit (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was passed on March 27, 2020. Among other things, the CARES Act temporarily removed the 80% limitation on the amount of taxable income that can be offset with a net operating loss (“NOL”) for 2019 and 2020 and allowed for a carryback of net operating losses generated in years 2018 through 2020 to each of the preceding five years. During the three months ended September 30, 2020 the Company completed its analysis of the impact of the CARES Act on its NOLs and recorded a de minimis adjustment in the consolidated statement of operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
For the three months ended September 30, 20202021 and September 30, 2019,2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $2.1 million and an income tax benefit of $15.4 million and income tax expense of $1.0 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.1 million and income tax benefit of $11.5 million, and income tax expense of $0.5 million, respectively. The tax benefit reflected for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily the result of the Company finalizing its 2019 federal tax return and determining it would be able to carryback certain tax capital losses to prior years resulting in a projected refund of $12.9 million.
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020
Current Expected Credit Losses - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which amends the credit impairment model for financial instruments. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2020.
The existing incurred loss model has been replaced with a lifetime current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model for financial instruments carried at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as loans, loan commitments, held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities, financial guarantees, net investment in leases, reinsurance and trade receivables, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities, unrealized credit losses are recognized as allowances rather than reductions in amortized cost basis and elimination of the OTTI concept will result in more frequent estimation of credit losses. The accounting model for purchased credit impaired loans and debt securities has been simplified, including elimination of some of the asymmetrical treatment between credit losses and credit recoveries, to be consistent with the CECL model for originated and purchased non-credit impaired assets. The existing model for beneficial interests that are not of high credit quality was amended to conform to the new impairment models for HTM and AFS debt securities.
Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 the Company recorded the following (dollars in thousands):
Impact of ASU 2016-13 Adoption
Assets:
CECL reserve on Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$21,093 
Liabilities:
CECL reserve on Accrued and other liabilities2,093 
Total Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption on Accumulated deficit$23,186 
The following discussion highlights changes to the Company’s accounting policies as a result of this adoption.
CECL reserve
The CECL reserve for the Company’s financial instruments carried at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as loans, loan commitments and trade receivables represents a lifetime estimate of expected credit losses. Factors considered by the Company when determining the CECL reserve include loan-specific characteristics such as loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio, vintage year, loan term, property type, occupancy and geographic location, financial performance of the borrower, expected payments of principal and interest, as well as internal or external information relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The CECL reserve is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist for multiple financial instruments. If similar risk characteristics do not exist, the Company measures the CECL reserve on an individual instrument basis. The determination of whether a particular financial instrument should be included in a pool can change over time. If a financial asset’s risk characteristics change, the Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to continue to keep the financial instrument in its existing pool or evaluate it individually.
In measuring the CECL reserve for financial instruments that share similar risk characteristics, the Company primarily applies a probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) model for instruments that are collectively assessed, whereby the CECL reserve is calculated as the product of PD, LGD and exposure at default (“EAD”). The Company’s model principally utilizes historical loss rates derived from a commercial mortgage backed securities database with historical losses from 1998
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
through September 20202021 provided by a third party, Trepp LLC, forecasting the loss parameters using a scenario-based statistical approach over a reasonable and supportable forecast period of twelve months, followed by a straight-line reversion period of twelve-months back to average historical losses.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
For financial instruments assessed outside of the PD/LGD model on an individual basis, including when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the full payment of principal and interest on the instrument, the Company applies a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology. For financial instruments where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty based on the Company’s assessment at the reporting date and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the Company may elect to use as a practical expedient the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date when determining the provision for loan losses.
In developing the CECL reserve for its loans and preferred equity held for investment, the Company considers the risk ratingranking of each loan and preferred equity as a key credit quality indicator. The risk ratingsrankings are based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, underlying real estate performance and asset value, values of comparable properties, durability and quality of property cash flows, sponsor experience and financial wherewithal, and the existence of a risk-mitigating loan structure. Additional key considerations include loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, loan structure, real estate and credit market dynamics, and risk of default or principal loss. Based on a five-point scale, the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment are rated “1” through “5,” from less risk to greater risk, and the ratings are updated quarterly. At the time of origination or purchase, loans and preferred equity held for investment are ranked as a “3” and will move accordingly going forward based on the ratings which are defined as follows:
1.Very Low Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has exceeded underwritten expectations with very strong net operating income (”(“NOI”), debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and occupancy metrics. Sponsor is investment grade, very well capitalized, and employs very experienced management team.
2.Low Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has met or exceeds underwritten expectations with high occupancy at market rents, resulting in consistent cash flow to service the debt. Strong sponsor that is well capitalized with experienced management team.
3.Average Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance is consistent with underwriting expectations. The property generates adequate cash flow to service the debt, and/or there is enough reserve or loan structure to provide time for sponsor to execute the business plan. Sponsor has routinely met its obligations and has experience owning/operating similar real estate.
4.High Risk/Delinquent/Potential for Loss-The loan is in excess of 30 days delinquent and/or has a risk of a principal loss. The underlying property performance is behind underwritten expectations. Loan covenants may require occasional waivers/modifications. Sponsor has been unable to execute its business plan and local market fundamentals have deteriorated. Operating cash flow is not sufficient to service the debt and debt service payments may be coming from sponsor equity/loan reserves.
5.Impaired/Defaulted/Loss Likely-The loan is in default or a default is imminent, and has a high risk of a principal loss, or has incurred a principal loss. The underlying property performance is significantly worse than underwritten expectation and sponsor has failed to execute its business plan. The property has significant vacancy and current cash flow does not support debt service. Local market fundamentals have significantly deteriorated resulting in depressed comparable property valuations versus underwriting.
The Company also considers qualitative and environmental factors, including, but not limited to, economic and business conditions, nature and volume of the loan portfolio, lending terms, volume and severity of past due loans, concentration of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations in its determination of the CECL reserve.
The Company has elected to not measure a CECL reserve for accrued interest receivable as it is reversed against interest income when a loan or preferred equity investment is placed on nonaccrual status. Loans and preferred equity investments are charged off against the provision for loan losses when all or a portion of the principal amount is determined to be uncollectible.
Changes in the CECL reserve for the Company’s financial instruments are recorded in provision for loan losses on the Statement of Operations with a corresponding offset to the loans and preferred equity held for investment or as a component of other liabilities for future loan fundings recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. See Note 3, “Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net and Loans Held for Sale”net” for further detail.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”)—The Company classifies an individual financial instrument as a TDR when it has a reasonable expectation that the financial instrument’s contractual terms will be modified in a manner that grants concession to the borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include term extensions, payment deferrals, interest
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
rate reductions, principal forgiveness, forbearance, or other actions designed to maximize the Company’s collection on the financial instrument. The Company determines the CECL reserve for financial instruments that are TDRs individually.
Accounting Standards adopted in 2021
Fair Value Disclosures—Income Tax Accounting—In August 2018,December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13,2019-12, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure RequirementsSimplifying Accounting for Fair Value MeasurementsIncome Taxes. The ASU requires new disclosuressimplifies accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the general approach in ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the guidance for more consistent application. The simplifications relate to intraperiod tax allocations when there is a loss in continuing operations and a gain outside of continuing operations, accounting for tax law or tax rate changes in unrealized gains and year-to-date losses in other comprehensive incomeinterim periods, recognition of deferred tax liability for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments held at the balance sheet date, as well as the rangeoutside basis difference when investment ownership changes, and weighted average or other quantitative information, if more relevant, of significant unobservable inputsaccounting for recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair values. Certain previously required disclosuresfranchise taxes that are eliminated, specifically around the valuation process required for Level 3 fair values, policy for timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, as well as amounts and reason for transfers between Levels 1 and 2. Additionally, thepartially based on income. The ASU also provides new guidance that clarifies or modifies certain existing disclosures, including clarifying that information about measurement uncertainty of Level 3 fair values should be as of the reporting date and requiring disclosures of the timing of liquidity eventsaccounting for investments measured under the NAV practical expedient, but only if the investee has communicated this information or has announced it publicly. The provisions on new disclosures and modification to disclosure of Level 3 measurement uncertainty are to be applied prospectively, while all other provisions are to be applied retrospectively. The Company adopted ASU No. 2018-13 on January 1, 2020.
Related Party Guidance for VIEs—In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. The ASU amends the VIE guidance to align, throughout the VIE model, the evaluation of a decision maker's or service provider's fee held by a related party whether or not they are under common control, in both the assessment of whether a fee qualifies as a variable interest and the determination of a primary beneficiary. Specifically, a decision maker or service provider considers intereststransactions resulting in a VIE held by a related party under common control only if it has a direct intereststep-up in the related party under common control and considers such indirect interest in the VIE held by the related party under common control on a proportionatetax basis rather than its entirety.of goodwill, among other changes. Transition is generally prospective, other than the provision related to outside basis difference which is on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect adjusted to retained earnings at the beginning of the earliest period presented.adopted, and franchise tax provision which is on either full or modified retrospective. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period, to be applied to all provisions. The Company adopted ASU No. 2018-17this on January 1, 2020, with no transitional2021, and the impact upon adoption.was not material.
Reference Rate Reform-Accounting for Certain Equity Investments—In MarchJanuary 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321 Investments-Equity Securities, Topic 323-Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Topic 815-Derivatives and Hedging. The ASU clarifies, that if as a result of an observable transaction, an equity investment under the Effectsmeasurement alternative is transitioned into equity method or an equity method investment is transitioned into measurement alternative, then the investment is to be remeasured immediately before and after the transaction, respectively. The ASU also clarifies that certain forward contracts or purchased options to acquire equity securities that are not deemed to be derivatives or in-substance common stock will generally be measured using the fair value principles of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The guidance in Topic 848 is optional, the election of which provides temporary reliefASC 321 before settlement or exercise, and that an entity should not be considering how it will account for the accounting effects on contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions impacted by the transition from interbank offered rates (such as London Interbank Offered Rate,resulting investments upon eventual settlement or LIBOR) that are expectedexercise. ASU No. 2020-01 is to be discontinued by the end of 2021 to alternative reference rates (such as Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR). Modification of contractual terms to effect the reference rate reform transition on debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts is eligible for relief from modification accounting and accounted for as a continuation of the existing contract. Topic 848 isapplied prospectively, effective upon issuance through December 31, 2022, and may be applied retrospectively to January 1, 2020.2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period. The Company has elected to applyadopted this on January 1, 2021, and the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and assessment of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives, which preserves existing derivative treatment and presentation. The Company may elect other practical expedients or exceptions as applicable over time as reference rate reform activities occur.impact was not material.
Future Application of Accounting Standards
Income Tax Accounting—In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU simplifies accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the general approach in ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the guidance for more consistent application. The simplifications relate to intraperiod tax allocations when there is a loss in continuing operations and a gain outside of continuing operations, accounting for tax law or tax rate changes and year-to-date losses in interim periods, recognition of deferred tax liability for outside basis difference when investment ownership changes, and accounting for franchise taxes that are partially based on income. The ASU also provides new guidance that clarifies the accounting for transactions resulting in a step-up in tax basis of goodwill, among other changes. Transition is generally prospective, other than the provision related to outside basis difference which is on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect adjusted to retained earnings at the beginning of the period adopted, and franchise tax provision which is on either full or modified retrospective. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period, to be applied to all provisions. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
Accounting for Certain Equity Investments—In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321 Investments-Equity Securities, Topic 323-Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Topic 815-Derivatives and Hedging. The ASU clarifies that if as a result of an observable transaction, an equity investment under the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
measurement alternative is transitioned into equity method and vice versa, an equity method investment is transitioned into measurement alternative, the investment is to be remeasured immediately before and after the transaction, respectively. The ASU also clarifies that certain forward contracts or purchased options to acquire equity securities that are not deemed to be derivatives or in-substance common stock will generally be measured using the fair value principles of ASC 321 before settlement or exercise, and that an entity should not be considering how it will account for the resulting investments upon eventual settlement or exercise. ASU No. 2020-01 is to be applied prospectively, effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts on Entity'sEntity’s Own Equity— In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU (1) simplifies an issuer’s accounting for convertible instruments as a single unit of account; (2) allows more contracts on an entity’s own equity to qualify for equity classification and more embedded derivatives meetingto meet the derivative scope exception; and (3) simplifies diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) computation.
•The guidance eliminates the requirement to separate embedded conversion features in convertible instruments, except for (1) a convertible instrument that contains features requiring bifurcation as a derivative under ASC 815 or (2) a convertible debt instrument that was issued at a substantial premium.
•Under the new guidance, certain conditions under Subtopic ASC 815-40 that may result in contracts being settled in cash rather than shares and therefore preclude (1) equity classification for contracts on an entity’s own equity; and (2) embedded derivatives from qualifying for the derivative scope exception, have been removed; for example, the requirement that equity contracts permit settlement in unregistered shares unless such contracts explicitly require settlement in cash if registered shares are unavailable. The guidance also clarifies that freestanding contracts on an entity’s own equity that do not qualify for equity classification under the indexation criteria (ASC 815-4015) or settlement criteria (ASC 815-40-25) are to be measured at fair value through earnings, even if they do not meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815.
•The ASU also amends certain guidance on computation of diluted EPS for convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity that results in a more dilutive EPS, including (1) requiring the if converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments (the treasury stock method is no longer available), and (2) removing the ability to rebut the presumption of share settlement for contracts that may be settled in cash or stock and that are not liability classified share based payments.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
•Expanded disclosures are required, including but not limited to, (1) terms and features of convertible instruments and contracts on entity’s own equity; and (2) information about events, conditions, and circumstances that could affect amount or timing of future cash flows related to these instruments or contracts; and in the period of adoption (3) nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle; and (4) effects of the change on EPS.
Upon adoption, a one-time election may be made to apply the fair value option for any liability-classified convertible securities.
Adoption of the new standard may be made either on a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach, with cumulative effect adjustment recorded to beginning retained earnings. ASU No. 2020-06 is effective January 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted on beginning January 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.

Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments— In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05. The guidance in ASU 2021-05 amends the lease classification requirements for the lessors under certain leases containing variable payments to align with practice under ASC 840. Under the guidance, the lessor should classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: 1) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease in accordance with the classification criteria in ASC 842-10-25-2 through 25-3; and 2) the lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.

Modifications of equity-classified written call options— In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04 Modification of equity-classified written call options — Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options — to codify how an issuer should account for modifications made to equity-classified written call options (a warrant to purchase the issuer’s common stock). The guidance in the ASU requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant that does not cause the warrant to become liability-classified as an exchange whether structured as an amendment or reissuance and is effective for all periods beginning after December 15, 2021 with early application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
3. Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment, net (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Unpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in YearsUnpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in YearsUnpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in YearsUnpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in Years
Fixed rateFixed rateFixed rate
Mezzanine loansMezzanine loans$150,335 $149,678 12.8 %4.2$223,395 $222,503 12.8 %4.2Mezzanine loans$167,219 $166,876 12.8 %3.2$155,803 $155,225 12.8 %4.0
Preferred equity interestsPreferred equity interests18,350 18,350 15.0 %2.9115,384 115,313 12.5 %6.9Preferred equity interests18,953 18,953 15.0 %1.918,680 18,681 15.0 %2.7
Other loans(2)
13,692 13,607 15.0 %3.712,572 12,448 15.0 %4.4
182,377 181,635 351,351 350,264 186,172 185,829 174,483 173,906 
Variable rateVariable rateVariable rate
Senior loansSenior loans974,207 971,963 5.5 %3.41,462,467 1,457,738 6.0 %3.8Senior loans1,226,348 1,216,940 5.0 %3.11,029,760 1,026,846 5.4 %3.4
Securitized loans(3)(2)
Securitized loans(3)(2)
972,687 970,473 5.1 %3.61,006,495 1,002,696 5.2 %4.2
Securitized loans(3)(2)
1,756,472 1,751,348 4.3 %3.81,006,495 1,004,698 5.1 %3.4
Mezzanine loansMezzanine loans18,178 18,298 9.4 %2.238,110 38,258 11.4 %2.0Mezzanine loans12,000 12,120 11.5 %0.912,000 12,120 11.5 %1.7
Preferred equity interestsPreferred equity interests1,569 1,569 5.3 %0.3— — — — Preferred equity interests— — — %03,118 3,118 5.3 %0.0
1,966,641 1,962,303 2,507,072 2,498,692 2,994,820 2,980,408 2,051,373 2,046,782 
Loans and preferred equity held for investmentLoans and preferred equity held for investment2,149,018 2,143,938 2,858,423 2,848,956 Loans and preferred equity held for investment3,180,992 3,166,236 2,225,856 2,220,688 
Allowance for loan lossesAllowance for loan lossesNA(40,524)NA(272,624)Allowance for loan lossesNA(42,730)NA(37,191)
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, netLoans and preferred equity held for investment, net$2,149,018 $2,103,414 $2,858,423 $2,576,332 Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$3,180,992 $3,123,506 $2,225,856 $2,183,497 

(1)Calculated based on contractual interest rate.
(2)Includes one corporate term loan secured by the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(3)Represents loans transferred into securitization trusts that are consolidated by the Company.
As
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Table of September 30, 2020, theContents
BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The weighted average maturity, including extensions, of loans and preferred equity investments was 3.6 years.3.5 years at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
The Company had $7.6$8.7 million and $9.8$7.0 million of interest receivable related to its loans and preferred equity held for investment, net as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019, 2020, respectively. This is included in receivables, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Activity relating to the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment, net was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value
Balance at January 1, 20202021$2,576,3322,183,497 
Acquisitions/originations/additional funding121,3091,305,599 
Loan maturities/principal repayments(373,285)(377,987)
Transfer to loans held for sale(154,370)
Discount accretion/premium amortization6,0474,659 
Capitalized interest(3,856)13,277 
Provision for loan losses(1)
(86,329)(5,884)
Effect of CECL adoption(2)
(21,093)
Charge-off38,659345 
Balance at September 30, 20202021$2,103,4143,123,506 

(1)Provision for loan losses includes $5.2 million for a loan that was subsequently transferred to held for sale during the second quarter of 2020 and the net provision recorded upon loan repayment totaling $1.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Additionally, provision for loan losses excludes $1.0$0.9 million determined by the Company’s PD/LGD model for unfunded commitments reported on the consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding offset to other liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Calculated by the Company’s PD/LGD model upon CECL adoption on January 1, 2020. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Polices” for further details.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
NonaccrualFair Value Measurement
Fair value is based on an exit price, defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Where appropriate, the Company makes adjustments to estimated fair values to appropriately reflect counterparty credit risk as well as the Company’s own credit-worthiness.
The estimated fair value of financial assets and Past Due financial liabilities are categorized into a three-tier hierarchy, prioritized based on the level of transparency in inputs used in the valuation techniques, as follows:
Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in non-active markets, or valuation techniques utilizing inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable data directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3—At least one assumption or input is unobservable and it is significant to the fair value measurement, requiring significant management judgment or estimate.
Where the inputs used to measure the fair value of a financial instrument fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the financial instrument is categorized within the hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its fair value measurement.
Fair Value Option
The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial instruments. Gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. The fair value option may be elected only upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including when the Company enters into an eligible firm commitment, at initial recognition of the financial instrument, as well as upon a business combination or consolidation of a subsidiary. The election is irrevocable unless a new election event occurs.
The Company has elected the fair value option for PE Investments. The Company has also elected the fair value option to account for the eligible financial assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs in order to mitigate potential accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the instruments and the related assets and liabilities to be consolidated. The Company has adopted the measurement alternative allowing the Company to measure both the financial assets and financial liabilities of a qualifying CFE it consolidates using the fair value of either the CFE’s financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable.
Business Combinations
Definition of a Business—The Company evaluates each purchase transaction to determine whether the acquired assets meet the definition of a business. If substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. If not, for an acquisition to be considered a business, it would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., there is a continuation of revenue before and after the transaction). A substantive process is not ancillary or minor, cannot be replaced without significant costs, effort or delay or is otherwise considered unique or scarce. To qualify as a business without outputs, the acquired assets would require an organized workforce with the necessary skills, knowledge and experience that performs a substantive process.
Asset Acquisitions—For acquisitions that are not deemed to be businesses, the assets acquired are recognized based on their cost to the Company as the acquirer and no gain or loss is recognized. The cost of assets acquired in a group is allocated to individual assets within the group based on their relative fair values and does not give rise to goodwill. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of assets are included in the cost basis of the assets acquired.
Business Combinations—The Company accounts for acquisitions that qualify as business combinations by applying the acquisition method. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of a business are expensed as incurred and excluded from the fair value of consideration transferred. The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity are recognized and measured at their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair values of identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity, net of fair value of any previously held interest in the acquired entity, is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents at September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020. The Company’s cash is held with major financial institutions and may at times exceed federally insured limits.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of borrower escrow deposits, tenant escrow deposits and real estate capital expenditure reserves.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment
The Company originates and purchases loans and preferred equity held for investment. The accounting framework for loans and preferred equity held for investment depends on the Company’s strategy whether to hold or sell the loan, whether the loan was credit-impaired at the time of acquisition, or if the lending arrangement is an acquisition, development and construction loan.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment
Loans and preferred equity that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as held for investment. Originated loans and preferred equity are recorded at amortized cost, or outstanding unpaid principal balance plus exit fees less net deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan fees include unamortized origination and other fees charged to the borrower less direct incremental loan origination costs incurred by the Company. Purchased loans and preferred equity are recorded at amortized cost, or unpaid principal balance plus purchase premium or less unamortized discount. Costs to purchase loans and preferred equity are expensed as incurred.
Interest Income—Interest income is recognized based upon contractual interest rate and unpaid principal balance of the loans and preferred equity investments. Net deferred loan fees on originated loans and preferred equity investments are deferred and amortized as adjustments to interest income over the expected life of the loans and preferred equity investments using the effective yield method. Premium or discount on purchased loans and preferred equity investments are amortized as adjustments to interest income over the expected life of the loans and preferred equity investments using the effective yield method. When a loan or preferred equity investment is prepaid, prepayment fees and any excess of proceeds over the carrying amount of the loan or preferred equity investment is recognized as additional interest income.
The Company has debt investments in its portfolio that contain a payment-in-kind (“PIK”) provision. Contractual PIK interest, which represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance that is due at the end of the loan term, is generally recorded on an accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. The Company will generally cease accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or management does not expect the borrower to be able to pay all principal and interest due.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Nonaccrual—Accrual of interest income is suspended on nonaccrual loans and preferred equity investments. Loans and preferred equity investments that are past due 90 days or more past due as to principal or interest, or where reasonable doubt exists as to timely collection, are generally considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual status. At September 30, 2020, allInterest receivable is reversed against interest income when loans and preferred equity held for investment remained current on interest payments.
In March 2018, the borrower on the Company’s 4 NY hospitality loans in its Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio failed to make all required interest payments and the loans wereinvestments are placed on nonaccrual status. These 4 loans are securedInterest collected is recognized on a cash basis by the same collateral. During 2018, the Company recorded $53.8 million of provision for loan losses to reflect the estimated value to be recovered from the borrower following a sale. During 2019, the Company recorded an additional provision for loan loss of $154.3 million based on significant deterioration in the NY hospitality market, feedback from the sales process and the estimated value to be recovered from the borrower following a potential sale. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the significant detrimental impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. hospitality industry further contributed to the deterioration of the Company’s 4 NY hospitality loans and as such the Company recorded an additional provision for loan losses of $36.8 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company completed a discounted payoff of the NY hospitality loans and related investment interests.
Within its Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio, the Company previously held other loans secured by regional malls that were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:
•The Company placed 1 loan secured by a regional mall (“Midwest Regional Mall”) on nonaccrual status during 2019 ascrediting income when received; or if ultimate collectability of theloan and preferred equity principal was uncertain; as such,is uncertain, interest collected is recognized using thea cost recovery method by applying interest collected as a reduction to loan and preferred equity carrying value. TheLoans and preferred equity investments may be restored to accrual status when all principal and interest are current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest are reasonably assured.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans that the Company recorded $10.6 million of impairment relatedintends to Midwest Regional Mall and transferredsell or liquidate in the loan toforeseeable future are classified as held for sale. Loans held for sale during 2019. Duringare carried at the three months ended June 30, 2020 the Midwest Regional Mall was sold. The Company received $8.3 million in gross proceeds andlower of amortized cost or fair value less disposal cost, with valuation changes recognized a gain of $3.7 million.
•During 2018, the Company recorded $8.8 million of provisionas impairment loss. Loans held for sale are not subject to allowance for loan losses on onelosses. Net deferred loan secured by a regional mall (“Northeast Regional Mall B”) to reflectorigination fees and loan purchase premiums or discounts are deferred and capitalized as part of the estimated faircarrying value of the collateral. During 2019,held for sale loan until the loan is sold, therefore included in the periodic valuation adjustments based on lower of cost or fair value less disposal cost.
At September 30, 2021, the Company recognized additional provisionhad no loans classified as held for loan lossessale.
Acquisition, Development and Construction (“ADC”) Arrangements
The Company provides loans to third party developers for the acquisition, development and construction of $10.5 million on Northeast Regional Mall B. The additional provisions were based on then-current and prospective leasing activity to reflectreal estate. Under an ADC arrangement, the estimated fair valueCompany participates in the expected residual profits of the collateral. Duringproject through the three months ended March 31, 2020,sale, refinancing or other use of the Northeast Regional Mall was sold.property. The Company received $9.2 millionevaluates the characteristics of each ADC arrangement, including its risks and rewards, to determine whether they are more similar to those associated with a loan or an investment in gross proceedsreal estate. ADC arrangements with characteristics implying loan classification are presented as loans held for investment and recognized a gainresult in the recognition of $1.8 million.
•Also, during 2019,interest income. ADC arrangements with characteristics implying real estate joint ventures are presented as investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and are accounted for using the Company separately recognized provision forequity method. The classification of each ADC arrangement as either loan lossesreceivable or real estate joint venture involves significant judgment and relies on various factors, including market conditions, amount and timing of $18.5 million on 2 loans secured by 1 regional mall (“West Regional Mall”) to reflectexpected residual profits, credit enhancements in the estimated fair valueform of the collateral. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 the West Regional Mall loan was sold. The Company received $23.5 million in gross proceeds and recognized a gain of $6.5 million.
•Furthermore, during 2019, the Company recognized a $26.7 million provision for loan losses on 3 loans to 2 separate borrowers (“South Regional Mall A” and “South Regional Mall B”) to reflect the estimated fair value of the collateral. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company accepted a discounted payoff of South Regional Mall A. The Company received $22.0 million in gross proceeds and recognized a loss of $1.6 million. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, South Regional Mall B was sold. The Company received $13.5 million in gross proceeds and recognized a gain of $8.7 million.
Within its Core Portfolio:
•The Company placed 1 loan secured by a hotel in Bloomington, Minnesota (“Midwest Hospitality”) on nonaccrual status due to a borrower default during the fourth quarter of 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 the Company recognized a $2.3 million provision for loan loss on the Midwest Hospitality loan to reflect theguaranties, estimated fair value of the collateral, which wasand significance of borrower equity in the project, among others. The classification of ADC arrangements is performed at inception, and periodically reassessed when significant changes occur in the circumstances or conditions described above.
Operating Real Estate
Real Estate Acquisitions—Real estate acquired in acquisitions that are deemed to be business combinations is recorded at the fair values of the acquired components at the time of acquisition, allocated among land, buildings, improvements, equipment and lease-related tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities, including forgone leasing costs, in-place lease values and above- or below-market lease values. Real estate acquired in acquisitions that are deemed to be asset acquisitions is recorded at the total value of consideration transferred, including transaction costs, and allocated to the acquired components based upon relative fair value. The estimated fair value of acquired land is derived from recent comparable sales of land and listings within the same local region based on feedbackavailable market data. The estimated fair value of acquired buildings and building improvements is derived from comparable sales, discounted cash flow analysis using market-based assumptions, or replacement cost, as appropriate.The fair value of site and tenant improvements is estimated based upon current market replacement costs and other relevant market rate information.
Real Estate Held for Investment
Real estate held for investment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation.
Costs Capitalized or Expensed—Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred, while expenditures for significant renovations that improve or extend the sales process and the estimated value to be recovered from the borrower following a potential sale. The Company had been sweeping cash from the hotel to amortize the unpaid principal balanceuseful life of the loan. During the three months ended September 30, 2020 the hotel property securing this loan was soldasset are capitalized and the Company received $24.5 million in gross proceeds and concurrently provided a bridge loan in the amount of $19.5 million to a new borrower, secured by Midwest Hospitality.
•Additionally, the Company had a total $20.9 million allowance for loan losses recorded as of March 31, 2020, which included an $8.8 million allowance for loan losses resulting from CECL adoption and an additional $12.1 million provision for loan losses recognition during the three months ended March 31, 2020, on 1 loan secured by 6depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
suburban office buildings (“Northeast Office Portfolio”). DuringDepreciation—Real estate held for investment, other than land, is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the three months endedestimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:
Real Estate AssetsTerm
Building (fee interest)7 to 48 years
Building leasehold interestsLesser of remaining term of the lease or remaining life of the building
Building improvementsLesser of the useful life or remaining life of the building
Land improvements1 to 15 years
Tenant improvementsLesser of the useful life or remaining term of the lease
Furniture, fixtures and equipment2 to 8 years
Impairment—The Company evaluates its real estate held for investment for impairment periodically or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates real estate for impairment generally on an individual property basis. If an impairment indicator exists, the Company evaluates the undiscounted future net cash flows that are expected to be generated by the property, including any estimated proceeds from the eventual disposition of the property. If multiple outcomes are under consideration, the Company may apply a probability-weighted approach to the impairment analysis. Based upon the analysis, if the carrying value of a property exceeds its undiscounted future net cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of the property over the estimated fair value of the property. In evaluating and/or measuring impairment, the Company considers, among other things, current and estimated future cash flows associated with each property, market information for each sub-market, including, where applicable, competition levels, foreclosure levels, leasing trends, occupancy trends, lease or room rates, and the market prices of similar properties recently sold or currently being offered for sale, and other quantitative and qualitative factors. Another key consideration in this assessment is the Company’s assumptions about the highest and best use of its real estate investments and its intent and ability to hold them for a reasonable period that would allow for the recovery of their carrying values. If such assumptions change and the Company shortens its expected hold period, this may result in the recognition of impairment losses. See Note 6, “Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale” and Note 14, “Fair Value” for further detail.
Real Estate Held for Sale
Real estate is classified as held for sale in the period when (i) management approves a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to usual and customary terms, (iii) a program is initiated to locate a buyer and actively market the asset for sale at a reasonable price, and (iv) completion of the sale is probable within one year. Real estate held for sale is stated at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less disposal cost, with any write-down to fair value less disposal cost recorded as an impairment loss. For any increase in fair value less disposal cost subsequent to classification as held for sale, the impairment loss may be reversed, but only up to the amount of cumulative loss previously recognized. Depreciation is not recorded on assets classified as held for sale. At the time a sale is consummated, the excess, if any, of sale price less selling costs over carrying value of the real estate is recognized as a gain.
If circumstances arise that were previously considered unlikely and, as a result, the Company decides not to sell the real estate asset previously classified as held for sale, the real estate asset is reclassified as held for investment. Upon reclassification, the real estate asset is measured at the lower of (i) its carrying amount prior to classification as held for sale, adjusted for depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the real estate been continuously classified as held for investment, and (ii) its estimated fair value at the time the Company decides not to sell.
At September 30, 2020 the2021, there were 2 properties held for sale. See Note 6, “Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale” and Note 17, “Segment Reporting” for further detail.
Foreclosed Properties
The Company received gross proceedsreceives foreclosed properties in full or partial settlement of $80.7 million in a discounted payoffloans held for investment by taking legal title or physical possession of the Northeast Office Portfolio which was equal toproperties. Foreclosed properties are generally recognized at the time the real estate is received at foreclosure sale or upon execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Foreclosed properties are initially measured at fair value. If the fair value of the property is lower than the carrying value of the loan, net of currentthe difference is recognized as provision for loan losses. As such, no additional provision forloss and the cumulative loss allowance on the loan losses were required at September 30, 2020.
•Also, during the three months ended June 30, 2020 the Company classified 1 loan secured by a hospitality asset in San Diego, California (“West Hospitality”) as held for sale and recognized a net loss of $32.8 million to reflect the expected proceeds to be collected in a sale of the loan.is charged off. The Company hadperiodically evaluates foreclosed properties for subsequent decrease in fair value, which is recorded a $5.2 million allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2020, which included a $2.6 million allowance for loan losses resulting from CECL adoption and an additional $2.6 million provision for loan losses recognized for West Hospitality during the three months ended March 31, 2020. In connection with transferring the loan to held for sale during the current quarter, the Company reversed out the $5.2 million from provision for loan losses line item and recorded a $38.0 million in other loss, net. During the three months ended September 30, 2020 the West Hospitality loan was sold. The Company received $105.2 million in gross proceeds and will recognize an additional loss of $1.5 million.
•Furthermore, the Company had a total $1.6 million allowance for loan losses recorded as of September 30, 2020, which included a $0.1 million allowance for loan losses resulting from CECL adoption and an additional $1.5 million provision for loan losses recognition recorded during the first and second quarters of 2020, on 1 loan secured by the borrowers limited partner interests in a fund (“Corporate Term loan”). Subsequent to September 30, 2020 the Company received gross proceeds of $12.1 million in a discounted payoff of the Corporate Term loan which was equal to the carryingimpairment loss. Fair value of the loan, net of current provision for loan losses. As such, no additional provision for loan losses were required at September 30, 2020.
The following table provides an aging summary of loans and preferred equity held for investment at carrying values before allowance for loan losses, if any (dollars in thousands):
Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due
30-59 Days Past Due(1)
60-89 Days Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due(2)
Total Loans
September 30, 2020$2,143,938 $0 $0 $0 $2,143,938 
December 31, 20192,558,505 32,322 0 258,129 2,848,956 

(1)At December 31, 2019, 30-59 days past due includes 1 loan (Midwest Hospitality) that was placedforeclosed properties is generally based on nonaccrual status during the fourth quarter of 2019 followingthird party appraisals, broker price opinions, comparable sales or a borrower default. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, Midwest Hospitality was repaid in a discounted payoff at which time the Company provided a bridge loan totaling $19.5 million to a new borrower.
(2)At December 31, 2019, 90 days or more past due loans includes 4 NY hospitality loans to the same borrower and secured by the same collateral with combined carrying value before allowance for loan losses of $258.1 million on nonaccrual status. All other loans in this table remain current on interest payments. The Company completed a discounted payoff of the 4 NY hospitality loans in April 2020.
Impaired Loans - 2019
Loans are identified as impaired when it is no longer probable that interest or principal will be collected according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement. Impaired loans include predominantly loans under nonaccrual, performing and nonperforming TDRs, as well as loans in maturity default. The following table presents impaired loans at December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Unpaid Principal Balance(1)
Gross Carrying Value
With Allowance for Loan Losses(2)
Without Allowance for Loan Losses
Total(2)
Allowance for Loan Losses
December 31, 2019$408,058 $377,421 $32,322 $409,743 $272,624 

(1)Includes 4 NY hospitality loans to the same borrower and secured by the same collateral with combined unpaid principal balance of $257.2 million and gross carrying value of $258.1 million on nonaccrual status. All other loans included in this table remain current on interest payments. The Company completed a discounted payoff of the 4 NY hospitality loans in April 2020.
(2)Includes unpaid principal balance plus any applicable exit fees less net deferred loan fees.
Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 the incurred loss model has been replaced with a lifetime current expected credit loss model for the Company’s loans carried at amortized cost, and as such all loans in the Company’s portfolio maintain an allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2020. See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020—Credit Losses” for further details.combination thereof.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Real Estate Securities
The Company classifies its CRE securities investments as available for sale on the acquisition date, which are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded as a component of accumulated OCI in the consolidated statements of equity. However, the Company has elected the fair value option for the assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs, and as a result, any unrealized gains (losses) on the consolidated Investing VIEs are recorded in unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held subordinate tranches of 1 securitization trust, which represent the Company’s retained interest in a securitization trust that the Company consolidates under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Impairment
CRE securities for which the fair value option is elected are not evaluated for impairment as any change in fair value is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Realized losses on such securities are reclassified to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trust, net as losses occur.
CRE securities for which the fair value option is not elected are evaluated for impairment quarterly. Impairment of a security is considered when the fair value is below the amortized cost basis, which is then further analyzed when: (i) the holder has the intent to sell the impaired security; (ii) it is more likely than not the holder will be required to sell the security; or (iii) the holder does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost of the security. When a CRE security has been deemed impaired due to (i) or (ii) or (iii), the security is written down to its fair value and an impairment is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. In all other situations, the unrealized loss is bifurcated into: (a) the amount related to expected credit losses; and (b) the amount related to other factors in excess of expected credit losses. The portion of impairment related to expected credit losses is recognized as an allowance for credit losses. The remaining impairment related to other factors is recognized as a component of accumulated OCI in the consolidated statements of equity. CRE securities which are not high-credit quality are considered to have an impairment if the security has an unrealized loss and there has been an adverse change in expected cash flow. The amount of impairment is then bifurcated as discussed above.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $1.0 million related to its CRE securities. The impairment loss is included in other gain, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures
A noncontrolling, unconsolidated ownership interest in an entity may be accounted for using one of (i) equity method where applicable; (ii) fair value option if elected; (iii) fair value through earnings if fair value is readily determinable, including election of net asset value (“NAV”) practical expedient where applicable; or (iv) for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, the measurement alternative to measure at cost adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes, as applicable.
Fair value changes of equity method investments under the fair value option are recorded in earnings from investments in unconsolidated ventures. Fair value changes of other equity investments, including adjustments for observable price changes under the measurement alternative, are recorded in other gain (loss).
Equity Method Investments
The Company accounts for investments under the equity method of accounting if it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an entity, but does not have a controlling financial interest. The equity method investment is initially recorded at cost and adjusted each period for capital contributions, distributions and the Company’s share of the entity’s net income or loss as well as other comprehensive income or loss. The Company’s share of net income or loss may differ from the stated ownership percentage interest in an entity if the governing documents prescribe a substantive non-proportionate earnings allocation formula or a preferred return to certain investors. For certain equity method investments, the Company records its proportionate share of income on a one to three month lag. Distributions of operating profits from equity method investments are reported as operating activities, while distributions in excess of operating profits are reported as investing activities in the statement of cash flows under the cumulative earnings approach.
At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures consisted of investments in PE Investments, senior loans, mezzanine loans and preferred equity held in joint ventures, as well as ADC arrangements accounted for as equity method investments.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Impairment
Evaluation of impairment applies to equity method investments and equity investments under the measurement alternative. If indicators of impairment exist, the Company will first estimate the fair value of its investment. In assessing fair value, the Company generally considers, among others, the estimated fair value of the investee, which is based on significant assumptions including the estimated timing and probabilities of the future cash flows of the unconsolidated joint venture, utilizing discount rates and capitalization rates.
For investments under the measurement alternative, if carrying value of the investment exceeds its fair value, an impairment is deemed to have occurred.
For equity method investments, further consideration is made if a decrease in value of the investment is other-than-temporary to determine if impairment loss should be recognized. Assessment of OTTI involves management judgment, including, but not limited to, consideration of the investee’s financial condition, operating results, business prospects and creditworthiness, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment until recovery of its carrying value. If management is unable to reasonably assert that an impairment is temporary or believes that the Company may not fully recover the carrying value of its investment, then the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary.
Investments that are other-than-temporarily impaired are written down to their estimated fair value. Impairment loss is recorded in earnings from investments in unconsolidated ventures for equity method investments and in other gain (loss) for investments under the measurement alternative.
Identifiable Intangibles
In a business combination or asset acquisition, the Company may recognize identifiable intangibles that meet either or both the contractual-legal criterion or the separability criterion. An indefinite-lived intangible is not subject to amortization until such time that its useful life is determined to no longer be indefinite, at which point, it will be assessed for impairment and its adjusted carrying amount amortized over its remaining useful life. Finite-lived intangibles are amortized over their useful life in a manner that reflects the pattern in which the intangible is being consumed if readily determinable, such as based upon expected cash flows; otherwise they are amortized on a straight line basis. The useful life of all identified intangibles will be periodically reassessed and if useful life changes, the carrying amount of the intangible will be amortized prospectively over the revised useful life.
Lease Intangibles—Identifiable intangibles recognized in acquisitions of operating real estate properties generally include in-place leases, above- or below-market leases and deferred leasing costs, all of which have finite lives. In-place leases generate value over and above the tangible real estate because a property that is occupied with leased space is typically worth more than a vacant building without an operating lease contract in place. The estimated fair value of acquired in-place leases is derived based on management’s assessment of costs avoided from having tenants in place, including lost rental income, rent concessions and tenant allowances or reimbursements, that hypothetically would be incurred to lease a vacant building to its actual existing occupancy level on the valuation date. The net amount recorded for acquired in-place leases is included in intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable leases. If an in-place lease is terminated, the unamortized portion is charged to depreciation and amortization expense.
The estimated fair value of the above- or below-market component of acquired leases represents the present value of the difference between contractual rents of acquired leases and market rents at the time of the acquisition for the remaining lease term, discounted for tenant credit risks. Above- or below-market operating lease values are amortized on a straight-line basis as a decrease or increase to rental income, respectively, over the applicable lease terms. This includes fixed rate renewal options in acquired leases that are below-market, which are amortized to decrease rental income over the renewal period. Above- or below-market ground lease obligations are amortized on a straight-line basis as a decrease or increase to rent expense, respectively, over the applicable lease terms. If the above- or below-market operating lease values or above- or below-market ground lease obligations are terminated, the unamortized portion of the lease intangibles are recorded in rental income or rent expense, respectively.
Deferred leasing costs represent management’s estimate of the avoided leasing commissions and legal fees associated with an existing in-place lease. The net amount is included in intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable lease.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Transfers of Financial Assets
Sale accounting for transfers of financial assets requires the transfer of an entire financial asset, a group of financial assets in its entirety or if a component of the financial asset is transferred, that the component meets the definition of a participating interest with characteristics that mirror the original financial asset.
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. If the Company has any continuing involvement, rights or obligations with the transferred financial asset (outside of standard representations and warranties), sale accounting requires that the transfer meets the following sale conditions: (1) the transferred asset has been legally isolated; (2) the transferee has the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred asset; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred asset through an agreement that provides for (a) both an entitlement and an obligation by the Company to repurchase or redeem the asset before its maturity, (b) the unilateral ability by the Company to reclaim the asset and a more than trivial benefit attributable to that ability, or (c) the transferee requiring the Company to repurchase the asset at a price so favorable to the transferee that it is probable the repurchase will occur.
If sale accounting is met, the transferred financial asset is removed from the balance sheet and a net gain or loss is recognized upon sale, taking into account any retained interests. Transfers of financial assets that do not meet the criteria for sale are accounted for as financing transactions, or secured borrowing.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. All derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and included in other assets or other liabilities on a gross basis on the balance sheet. The accounting for changes in fair value of derivatives depends upon whether or not the Company has elected to designate the derivative in a hedging relationship and the derivative qualifies for hedge accounting. The Company has economic hedges that have not been designated for hedge accounting.
Changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as accounting hedges are recorded in the statement of operations in other gain (loss), net.
For designated accounting hedges, the relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the accounting hedges as well as the methods to assess the effectiveness of the derivative prospectively and retrospectively, are formally documented at inception. Hedge effectiveness relates to the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exactly offsets the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. If it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be or has ceased to be highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued.
Cash Flow Hedges—The Company uses interest rate caps and swaps to hedge its exposure to interest rate fluctuations in forecasted interest payments on floating rate debt. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, while hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings. If the derivative in a cash flow hedge is terminated or the hedge designation is removed, related amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified into earnings.
Net Investment Hedges—The Company uses foreign currency hedges to protect the value of its net investments in foreign subsidiaries or equity method investees whose functional currencies are not U.S. dollars. Changes in the fair value of derivatives used as hedges of net investment in foreign operations, to the extent effective, are recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment account within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
At the end of each quarter, the Company reassesses the effectiveness of its net investment hedges and as appropriate, dedesignates the portion of the derivative notional amount that is in excess of the beginning balance of its net investments as undesignated hedges.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Release of accumulated other comprehensive income related to net investment hedges occurs upon losing a controlling financial interest in an investment or obtaining control over an equity method investment. Upon sale, complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign subsidiary, or partial sale of an equity method investment, the gain or loss on the related net investment hedge is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings. Refer to Note 15, “Derivatives” for further discussion on the Company’s derivative and hedging activity.
Financing Costs
Financing costs primarily include debt discounts and premiums as well as deferred financing costs. Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing. Costs related to revolving credit facilities are recorded in other assets and are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line basis over the term of the facility. Costs related to other borrowings are recorded net against the carrying value of such borrowings and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed to realized gain (loss) when the associated facility is repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions, which do not close, are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not occur.
Revenue Recognition
Property Operating Income
Property operating income includes the following:
Rental Income—Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the related lease which includes the effects of minimum rent increases and rent abatements under the lease. Rents received in advance are deferred.
When it is determined that the Company is the owner of tenant improvements, the cost to construct the tenant improvements, including costs paid for or reimbursed by the tenants, is capitalized. For tenant improvements owned by the Company, the amount funded by or reimbursed by the tenants are recorded as deferred revenue, which is amortized on a straight-line basis as additional rental income over the term of the related lease. Rental income recognition commences when the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use and the tenant takes possession of the leased space.
When it is determined that the tenant is the owner of tenant improvements, the Company’s contribution towards those improvements is recorded as a lease incentive, included in deferred leasing costs and intangible assets on the balance sheet, and amortized as a reduction to rental income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental income recognition commences when the tenant takes possession of the lease space.
Tenant Reimbursements—In net lease arrangements, the tenant is generally responsible for operating expenses related to the property, including real estate taxes, property insurance, maintenance, repairs and improvements. Costs reimbursable from tenants and other recoverable costs are recognized as revenue in the period the recoverable costs are incurred. When the Company is the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services for property operations and has discretion in selecting the supplier and retains credit risk, tenant reimbursement revenue and property operating expenses are presented on a gross basis in the statements of operations. For certain triple net leases where the lessee self-manages the property, hires its own service providers and retains credit risk for routine maintenance contracts, no reimbursement revenue and expense are recognized.
Hotel Operating Income—Hotel operating income includes room revenue, food and beverage sales and other ancillary services. Revenue is recognized upon occupancy of rooms, consummation of sales and provision of services.
Real Estate Securities
Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method with any premium or discount amortized or accreted through earnings based on expected cash flow through the expected maturity date of the security. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews, and if appropriate, adjusts its cash flow projections based on inputs and analyses received from external sources, internal models, and the Company’s judgment about prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses and other factors. Changes in the amount or timing of cash flows from those originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation date, are considered to be either favorable changes or adverse changes.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Adverse changes in the timing or amount of cash flows on CRE securities could result in the Company recording an increase in the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses are calculated using a discounted cash flow approach and is measured as the difference between the amortized cost of a CRE security and estimate of cash flows expected to be collected discounted at the effective interest rate used to accrete the CRE security. The allowance for credit losses is recorded as a contra-asset and a reduction in earnings. The allowance for credit losses will be limited to the amount of the unrealized losses on the CRE securities. Any allowance for credit losses in excess of the unrealized losses on the CRE securities are accounted for as a prospective reduction of the effective interest rate. No allowance is recorded for CRE securities in an unrealized gain position. Favorable changes in the discounted cash flow will result in a reduction in the allowance for credit losses, if any. Any reduction in allowance for credit losses is recorded in earnings. If the allowance for credit losses has been reduced to zero, the remaining favorable changes are reflected as a prospective increase to the effective interest rate.
As of April 1, 2020, the Company placed its investment grade and non-investment grade rated CRE securities on cost recovery and as a result, ceased accretion of any discounts to expected maturity and applied any cash interest received against the CRE securities amortized cost basis. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Foreign Currency
Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the functional currency is a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the corresponding results of operations for such entities are translated using the average exchange rate in effect during the period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders’ equity. Upon sale, complete or substantially complete liquidation of a foreign subsidiary, or upon partial sale of a foreign equity method investment, the translation adjustment associated with the investment, or a proportionate share related to the portion of equity method investment sold, is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into earnings.
Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the functional currency is the U.S. dollar are remeasured using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the corresponding results of operations for such entities are remeasured using the average exchange rate in effect during the period. The resulting foreign currency remeasurement adjustments are recorded in other gain (loss), net on the consolidated statements of operations.
Disclosures of non-U.S. dollar amounts to be recorded in the future are translated using exchange rates in effect at the date of the most recent balance sheet presented.
Equity-Based Compensation
Equity-classified stock awards granted to executive officers and both independent and non-independent directors are based on the closing price of the Class A common stock on the grant date and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for restricted stock awards. For performance stock units (“PSUs”) the fair value is based on a Monte Carlo simulation as of the grant date and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the measurement period. See Note 11, “Equity-Based Compensation” for further discussion.
The compensation expense is adjusted for actual forfeitures upon occurrence. Equity-based compensation is classified within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
Earnings Per Share
The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) using the two-class method. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing earnings allocated to common shareholders, as adjusted for unallocated earnings attributable to certain participating securities, if any, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is based on the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. The two-class method is an allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each share of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. The Company has certain share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends, which are considered participating securities for the purposes of computing EPS pursuant to the two-class method.
Income Taxes
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2018. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the real
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(Unaudited)
estate qualification of sources of its income, the real estate composition and values of its assets, the amounts it distributes to stockholders and the diversity of ownership of its stock.
To the extent that the Company qualifies as a REIT, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent of its distributions to stockholders. The Company believes that all of the criteria to maintain the Company’s REIT qualification have been met for the applicable periods, but there can be no assurance that these criteria will continue to be met in subsequent periods. If the Company were to fail to meet these requirements, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax and potential interest and penalties, which could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distributions to its stockholders. The Company’s accounting policy with respect to interest and penalties is to classify these amounts as a component of income tax expense, where applicable.
The Company may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. Under certain circumstances, U.S. federal income and excise taxes may be due on its undistributed taxable income. The Company also holds investments in Europe which are subject to tax in each local jurisdiction.
The Company made joint elections to treat certain subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) which may be subject to taxation by U.S. federal, state and local authorities. In general, a TRS of the Company may perform non-customary services for tenants, hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and engage in most real estate or non-real estate-related business.
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to taxation by U.S. federal, state and local authorities for the periods presented. Income taxes are accounted for by the asset/liability approach in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Deferred taxes, if any, represent the expected future tax consequences when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Such amounts arise from differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax laws and tax rates in the period during which such changes are enacted. A provision for income tax represents the total of income taxes paid or payable for the current period, plus the change in deferred taxes. Current and deferred taxes are recorded on the portion of earnings (losses) recognized by the Company with respect to its interest in TRSs. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are calculated based on temporary differences between the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements and the U.S. federal, state and local tax basis of assets and liabilities as of the consolidated balance sheet date. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets (e.g., net operating loss and capital loss carryforwards) and recognizes a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. When evaluating the realizability of its deferred tax assets, the Company considers estimates of expected future taxable income, existing and projected book/tax differences, tax planning strategies available and the general and industry-specific economic outlook. This realizability analysis is inherently subjective, as it requires the Company to forecast its business and general economic environment in future periods. Changes in estimate of deferred tax asset realizability, if any, are included in income tax benefit (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $2.1 million and an income tax benefit of $15.4 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.1 million and income tax benefit of $11.5 million, respectively.
Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) reserve
The CECL reserve for the Company’s financial instruments carried at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as loans, loan commitments and trade receivables represents a lifetime estimate of expected credit losses. Factors considered by the Company when determining the CECL reserve include loan-specific characteristics such as loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio, vintage year, loan term, property type, occupancy and geographic location, financial performance of the borrower, expected payments of principal and interest, as well as internal or external information relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The CECL reserve is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist for multiple financial instruments. If similar risk characteristics do not exist, the Company measures the CECL reserve on an individual instrument basis. The determination of whether a particular financial instrument should be included in a pool can change over time. If a financial asset’s risk characteristics change, the Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to continue to keep the financial instrument in its existing pool or evaluate it individually.
In measuring the CECL reserve for financial instruments that share similar risk characteristics, the Company primarily applies a probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) model for instruments that are collectively assessed, whereby the CECL reserve is calculated as the product of PD, LGD and exposure at default (“EAD”). The Company’s model principally utilizes historical loss rates derived from a commercial mortgage backed securities database with historical losses from 1998
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(Unaudited)
through September 2021 provided by a third party, Trepp LLC, forecasting the loss parameters using a scenario-based statistical approach over a reasonable and supportable forecast period of twelve months, followed by a straight-line reversion period of twelve-months back to average historical losses.
For financial instruments assessed outside of the PD/LGD model on an individual basis, including when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the full payment of principal and interest on the instrument, the Company applies a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology. For financial instruments where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty based on the Company’s assessment at the reporting date and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the Company may elect to use as a practical expedient the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date when determining the provision for loan losses.
In developing the CECL reserve for its loans and preferred equity held for investment, the Company considers the risk ranking of each loan and preferred equity as a key credit quality indicator. The risk rankings are based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, underlying real estate performance and asset value, values of comparable properties, durability and quality of property cash flows, sponsor experience and financial wherewithal, and the existence of a risk-mitigating loan structure. Additional key considerations include loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, loan structure, real estate and credit market dynamics, and risk of default or principal loss. Based on a five-point scale, the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment are rated “1” through “5,” from less risk to greater risk, and the ratings are updated quarterly. At the time of origination or purchase, loans and preferred equity held for investment are ranked as a “3” and will move accordingly going forward based on the ratings which are defined as follows:
1.Very Low Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has exceeded underwritten expectations with very strong net operating income (“NOI”), debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and occupancy metrics. Sponsor is investment grade, very well capitalized, and employs very experienced management team.
2.Low Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has met or exceeds underwritten expectations with high occupancy at market rents, resulting in consistent cash flow to service the debt. Strong sponsor that is well capitalized with experienced management team.
3.Average Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance is consistent with underwriting expectations. The property generates adequate cash flow to service the debt, and/or there is enough reserve or loan structure to provide time for sponsor to execute the business plan. Sponsor has routinely met its obligations and has experience owning/operating similar real estate.
4.High Risk/Delinquent/Potential for Loss-The loan is in excess of 30 days delinquent and/or has a risk of a principal loss. The underlying property performance is behind underwritten expectations. Loan covenants may require occasional waivers/modifications. Sponsor has been unable to execute its business plan and local market fundamentals have deteriorated. Operating cash flow is not sufficient to service the debt and debt service payments may be coming from sponsor equity/loan reserves.
5.Impaired/Defaulted/Loss Likely-The loan is in default or a default is imminent, and has a high risk of a principal loss, or has incurred a principal loss. The underlying property performance is significantly worse than underwritten expectation and sponsor has failed to execute its business plan. The property has significant vacancy and current cash flow does not support debt service. Local market fundamentals have significantly deteriorated resulting in depressed comparable property valuations versus underwriting.
The Company also considers qualitative and environmental factors, including, but not limited to, economic and business conditions, nature and volume of the loan portfolio, lending terms, volume and severity of past due loans, concentration of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations in its determination of the CECL reserve.
The Company has elected to not measure a CECL reserve for accrued interest receivable as it is reversed against interest income when a loan or preferred equity investment is placed on nonaccrual status. Loans and preferred equity investments are charged off against the provision for loan losses when all or a portion of the principal amount is determined to be uncollectible.
Changes in the CECL reserve for the Company’s financial instruments are recorded in provision for loan losses on the Statement of Operations with a corresponding offset to the loans and preferred equity held for investment or as a component of other liabilities for future loan fundings recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. See Note 3, “Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net” for further detail.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”)—The Company classifies an individual financial instrument as a TDR when it has a reasonable expectation that the financial instrument’s contractual terms will be modified in a manner that grants concession to the borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include term extensions, payment deferrals, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, forbearance, or other actions designed to maximize the Company’s collection on the financial instrument. The Company determines the CECL reserve for financial instruments that are TDRs individually.
Accounting Standards adopted in 2021
Income Tax Accounting—In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU simplifies accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the general approach in ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the guidance for more consistent application. The simplifications relate to intraperiod tax allocations when there is a loss in continuing operations and a gain outside of continuing operations, accounting for tax law or tax rate changes and year-to-date losses in interim periods, recognition of deferred tax liability for outside basis difference when investment ownership changes, and accounting for franchise taxes that are partially based on income. The ASU also provides new guidance that clarifies the accounting for transactions resulting in a step-up in tax basis of goodwill, among other changes. Transition is generally prospective, other than the provision related to outside basis difference which is on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect adjusted to retained earnings at the beginning of the period adopted, and franchise tax provision which is on either full or modified retrospective. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period, to be applied to all provisions. The Company adopted this on January 1, 2021, and the impact was not material.
Accounting for Certain Equity Investments—In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321 Investments-Equity Securities, Topic 323-Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Topic 815-Derivatives and Hedging. The ASU clarifies, that if as a result of an observable transaction, an equity investment under the measurement alternative is transitioned into equity method or an equity method investment is transitioned into measurement alternative, then the investment is to be remeasured immediately before and after the transaction, respectively. The ASU also clarifies that certain forward contracts or purchased options to acquire equity securities that are not deemed to be derivatives or in-substance common stock will generally be measured using the fair value principles of ASC 321 before settlement or exercise, and that an entity should not be considering how it will account for the resulting investments upon eventual settlement or exercise. ASU No. 2020-01 is to be applied prospectively, effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period. The Company adopted this on January 1, 2021, and the impact was not material.
Future Application of Accounting Standards
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts on Entity’s Own Equity— In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU (1) simplifies an issuer’s accounting for convertible instruments as a single unit of account; (2) allows more contracts on an entity’s own equity to qualify for equity classification and more embedded derivatives to meet the derivative scope exception; and (3) simplifies diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) computation.
•The guidance eliminates the requirement to separate embedded conversion features in convertible instruments, except for (1) a convertible instrument that contains features requiring bifurcation as a derivative under ASC 815 or (2) a convertible debt instrument that was issued at a substantial premium.
•Under the new guidance, certain conditions under Subtopic ASC 815-40 that may result in contracts being settled in cash rather than shares and therefore preclude (1) equity classification for contracts on an entity’s own equity; and (2) embedded derivatives from qualifying for the derivative scope exception, have been removed; for example, the requirement that equity contracts permit settlement in unregistered shares unless such contracts explicitly require settlement in cash if registered shares are unavailable. The guidance also clarifies that freestanding contracts on an entity’s own equity that do not qualify for equity classification under the indexation criteria (ASC 815-4015) or settlement criteria (ASC 815-40-25) are to be measured at fair value through earnings, even if they do not meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815.
•The ASU also amends certain guidance on computation of diluted EPS for convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity that results in a more dilutive EPS, including (1) requiring the if converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments (the treasury stock method is no longer available), and (2) removing the ability to rebut the presumption of share settlement for contracts that may be settled in cash or stock and that are not liability classified share based payments.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
•Expanded disclosures are required, including but not limited to, (1) terms and features of convertible instruments and contracts on entity’s own equity; and (2) information about events, conditions, and circumstances that could affect amount or timing of future cash flows related to these instruments or contracts; and in the period of adoption (3) nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle; and (4) effects of the change on EPS.
Upon adoption, a one-time election may be made to apply the fair value option for any liability-classified convertible securities.
Adoption of the new standard may be made either on a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach, with cumulative effect adjustment recorded to beginning retained earnings. ASU No. 2020-06 is effective January 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.
Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments— In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05. The guidance in ASU 2021-05 amends the lease classification requirements for the lessors under certain leases containing variable payments to align with practice under ASC 840. Under the guidance, the lessor should classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: 1) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease in accordance with the classification criteria in ASC 842-10-25-2 through 25-3; and 2) the lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.
Modifications of equity-classified written call options— In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04 Modification of equity-classified written call options — Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options — to codify how an issuer should account for modifications made to equity-classified written call options (a warrant to purchase the issuer’s common stock). The guidance in the ASU requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant that does not cause the warrant to become liability-classified as an exchange whether structured as an amendment or reissuance and is effective for all periods beginning after December 15, 2021 with early application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.
3. Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment, net (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Unpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in YearsUnpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in Years
Fixed rate
Mezzanine loans$167,219 $166,876 12.8 %3.2$155,803 $155,225 12.8 %4.0
Preferred equity interests18,953 18,953 15.0 %1.918,680 18,681 15.0 %2.7
186,172 185,829 174,483 173,906 
Variable rate
Senior loans1,226,348 1,216,940 5.0 %3.11,029,760 1,026,846 5.4 %3.4
Securitized loans(2)
1,756,472 1,751,348 4.3 %3.81,006,495 1,004,698 5.1 %3.4
Mezzanine loans12,000 12,120 11.5 %0.912,000 12,120 11.5 %1.7
Preferred equity interests— — — %03,118 3,118 5.3 %0.0
2,994,820 2,980,408 2,051,373 2,046,782 
Loans and preferred equity held for investment3,180,992 3,166,236 2,225,856 2,220,688 
Allowance for loan lossesNA(42,730)NA(37,191)
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$3,180,992 $3,123,506 $2,225,856 $2,183,497 

(1)Calculated based on contractual interest rate.
(2)Represents loans transferred into securitization trusts that are consolidated by the Company.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The weighted average carrying valuematurity, including extensions, of loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and nine months endedpreferred equity investments was 3.5 years at September 30, 2019 were2021 and December 31, 2020.
The Company had $8.7 million and $7.0 million of interest receivable related to its loans and preferred equity held for investment, net as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. This is included in receivables, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Activity relating to the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment, net was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20192019
Average carrying value before allowance for loan losses$356,753 $426,195 
Interest income2,737 8,282 
Allowance for Loan Losses
As of December 31, 2019, the allowance for loan losses was $272.6 million related to $409.7 million in carrying value of loans.
Changes in allowance for loan losses on loans are presented below (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period$272,624 $109,328 
Effect of CECL adoption(1)
21,093 0 
Provision for loan losses(2)
86,329 220,572 
Charge-off(38,659)(46,692)
Transfer to loans held for sale(300,863)0 
Allowance for loan losses at end of period(3)
$40,524 $283,208 
Carrying Value
Balance at January 1, 2021$2,183,497 
Acquisitions/originations/additional funding1,305,599 
Loan maturities/principal repayments(377,987)
Discount accretion/premium amortization4,659 
Capitalized interest13,277 
Provision for loan losses(1)
(5,884)
Charge-off345 
Balance at September 30, 2021$3,123,506 

(1)Calculated by the Company’s PD/LGD model upon CECL adoption on January 1, 2020. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further details.
(2)Provision for loan losses includes $5.2 million for a loan that was subsequently transferred to held for sale during the second quarter of 2020 and net provision recorded upon loan repayment totaling $1.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Additionally, provision for loan losses excludes $1.0$0.9 million determined by the Company’s PD/LGD model for unfunded commitments reported on the consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding offset to other liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(3)At September 30, 2020, includes $38.9 million related to the Company’s PD/LGD model and $1.6 million related to the corporate term loan, which was evaluated individually. See further discussion in “Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans and Preferred Equity.”
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Sale
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets held for sale related to loans and preferred equity (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Assets
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$0 $5,016 
Total assets held for sale$0 $5,016 

At September 30, 2020, the Company did not classify any of its loans as held for sale. There were 0 assets held for sale that constituted discontinued operations as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Credit Quality Monitoring
Loan and preferred equity investments are typically loans secured by direct senior priority liens on real estate properties or by interests in entities that directly own real estate properties, which serve as the primary source of cash for the payment of principal and interest. The Company evaluates its loan and preferred equity investments at least quarterly and differentiates the relative credit quality principally based on: (i) whether the borrower is currently paying contractual debt service in accordance with its contractual terms; and (ii) whether the Company believes the borrower will be able to perform under its contractual terms in the future, as well as the Company’s expectations as to the ultimate recovery of principal at maturity.
As of September 30, 2020, there were 0 loans and preferred equity investments past due and all loans were performing in accordance with the contractual terms of their governing documents and were categorized as performing loans. There were 5 loans held for investment with contractual payments past due as of December 31, 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, 0 debt investment contributed more than 10.0% of interest income.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table provides a summary by carrying values before any allowance for loan losses of the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment by year of origination and credit quality risk ranking (dollars in thousands). Refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020—Credit Losses” for loans risk ranking definitions.
20202019201820172016PriorTotal
Senior loans
  Risk Rankings:
3$19,500 $371,654 $279,223 $33,660 $0 $0 $704,037 
40 835,205 403,194 0 0 0 1,238,399 
Total Senior loans19,500 1,206,859 682,417 33,660 0 0 1,942,436 
Mezzanine loans
Risk Rankings:
40 95,848 55,484 12,120 0 4,524 167,976 
Total Mezzanine loans0 95,848 55,484 12,120 0 4,524 167,976 
Preferred equity interests and other
Risk Rankings:
41,569 0 18,350 0 0 0 19,919 
50 13,607 0 0 0 0 13,607 
Total Preferred equity interests and other1,569 13,607 18,350 0 0 0 33,526 
Total Loans and preferred equity held for investment$21,069 $1,316,314 $756,251 $45,780 $0 $4,524 $2,143,938 

The Company considers several risk factors when assigning risk ratings each quarter. Beginning with the quarter ended March 31, 2020, average risk ranking was impacted by the current and potential future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a number of assets moving from average risk (3) to high risk (4).
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company believes the extended impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain, and therefore continues to represent a significant risk to our portfolio. As such, the current period average rating is 3.7, which is consistent with the first half of 2020.
Lending Commitments
The Company has lending commitments to borrowers pursuant to certain loan agreements in which the borrower may submit a request for funding contingent on achieving certain criteria, which must be approved by the Company as lender, such as leasing, performance of capital expenditures and construction in progress with an approved budget. At September 30, 2020, assuming the terms to qualify for future fundings, if any, had been met, total gross unfunded lending commitments were $173.2 million. Refer to Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies” for further details. At September 30, 2020, the Company recorded a $1.2 million allowance for lending commitments in accrued and other liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets in accordance with the credit losses accounting standard No. 2016-13. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further details.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
4. Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures
Summary
The Company’s investments in unconsolidated ventures represent noncontrolling equity interests in various entities, as follows (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Equity method investments$417,464 $585,022 
Investments under fair value option7,093 10,283 
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures$424,557 $595,305 
Equity Method Investments
Investment Ventures
Certain of the Company’s equity method investments are structured as joint ventures with one or more private funds or other investment vehicles managed by Colony Capital with third party joint venture partners. These investment entities are generally capitalized through equity contributions from the members, although certain investments are leveraged through various financing arrangements.
The assets of the equity method investment entities may only be used to settle the liabilities of these entities and there is no recourse to the general credit of the Company nor the other investors for the obligations of these investment entities. Neither the Company nor the other investors are required to provide financial or other support in excess of their capital commitments. The Company’s exposure to the investment entities is limited to its equity method investment balance as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The Company’s investments accounted for under the equity method are summarized below (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value
InvestmentsDescriptionSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
ADC investments(1)(2)(3)
Interests in 3 acquisition, development and construction loans in which the Company participates in residual profits from the projects, and the risk and rewards of the arrangements are more similar to those associated with investments in joint ventures$57,452 $59,576 
Other investment ventures(1)(4)
Interests in 8 investments, each with less than $189.7 million carrying value at September 30, 2020360,012 525,446 

(1)The Company’s ownership interest in ADC investments and other investment ventures varies and represents capital contributed to date and may not be reflective of the Company’s economic interest in the entity because of provisions in operating agreements governing various matters, such as classes of partner or member interests, allocations of profits and losses, preferential returns and guaranty of debt. Each equity method investment has been determined to be a VIE for which the Company was not deemed to be the primary beneficiary or a voting interest entity in which the Company does not have the power to control through a majority of voting interest or through other arrangements.
(2)The Company owns varying levels of stated equity interests in certain ADC investments, as well as profit participation interests in real estate ventures without a stated ownership interest in other ADC investments.
(3)Includes 2 investments with a carrying value of $57.4 million that were contributed to a preferred financing arrangement. See Note 13, “Noncontrolling Interests,” for further information.
(4)Includes 5 investments with a carrying value of $245.9 million that were contributed to a preferred financing arrangement. See Note 13, “Noncontrolling Interests,” for further information.
Impairment
Within the Company’s Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio:
•During 2019, the Company recognized its proportionate share of impairment loss totaling $14.7 million on 1 senior loan secured by a regional mall (“Southeast Regional Mall”). Southeast Regional Mall was sold during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the Company received $13.4 million in gross sales proceeds and recognized a gain of $1.6 million.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
•Also during 2019, the Company recorded its proportionate share of impairment loss totaling $16.1 million on 2 loans and an equity partnership interest secured by residential development projects as a result of revised property sales expectations.
Within the Company’s Core Portfolio:
During 2019 the Company recorded a $17.6 million impairment loss related to an equity participation interest in a joint venture to reflect the estimated fair value of the collateral. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 the Company sold the related preferred equity investment at par and included one-third of the Company’s equity participation in the sale and recognized a loss of $10.1 million.
The impairment recorded on each of these investments is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is based on an exit price, defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Where appropriate, the Company makes adjustments to estimated fair values to appropriately reflect counterparty credit risk as well as the Company’s own credit-worthiness.
The estimated fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are categorized into a three-tier hierarchy, prioritized based on the level of transparency in inputs used in the valuation techniques, as follows:
Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in non-active markets, or valuation techniques utilizing inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable data directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3—At January 1, 2020,least one assumption or input is unobservable and it is significant to the fair value measurement, requiring significant management judgment or estimate.
Where the inputs used to measure the fair value of a financial instrument fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the financial instrument is categorized within the hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its fair value measurement.
Fair Value Option
The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial instruments. Gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. The fair value option may be elected only upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including when the Company enters into an eligible firm commitment, at initial recognition of the financial instrument, as well as upon a business combination or consolidation of a subsidiary. The election is irrevocable unless a new election event occurs.
The Company has elected the fair value option for PE Investments. The Company has also elected the fair value option to account for the eligible financial assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs in order to mitigate potential accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the instruments and the related assets and liabilities to be consolidated. The Company has adopted the measurement alternative allowing the Company to measure both the financial assets and financial liabilities of a qualifying CFE it consolidates using the fair value of either the CFE’s financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable.
Business Combinations
Definition of a Business—The Company evaluates each purchase transaction to determine whether the acquired assets meet the definition of a business. If substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. If not, for an acquisition to be considered a business, it would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., there is a continuation of revenue before and after the transaction). A substantive process is not ancillary or minor, cannot be replaced without significant costs, effort or delay or is otherwise considered unique or scarce. To qualify as a business without outputs, the acquired assets would require an organized workforce with the necessary skills, knowledge and experience that performs a substantive process.
Asset Acquisitions—For acquisitions that are not deemed to be businesses, the assets acquired are recognized based on their cost to the Company as the acquirer and no gain or loss is recognized. The cost of assets acquired in a group is allocated to individual assets within the group based on their relative fair values and does not give rise to goodwill. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of assets are included in the cost basis of the assets acquired.
Business Combinations—The Company accounts for acquisitions that qualify as business combinations by applying the acquisition method. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of a business are expensed as incurred and excluded from the fair value of consideration transferred. The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity are recognized and measured at their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair values of identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity, net of fair value of any previously held interest in the acquired entity, is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents at September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020. The Company’s cash is held with major financial institutions and may at times exceed federally insured limits.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of borrower escrow deposits, tenant escrow deposits and real estate capital expenditure reserves.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment
The Company originates and purchases loans and preferred equity held for investment. The accounting framework for loans and preferred equity held for investment depends on the Company’s strategy whether to hold or sell the loan, whether the loan was credit-impaired at the time of acquisition, or if the lending arrangement is an acquisition, development and construction loan.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment
Loans and preferred equity that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as held for investment. Originated loans and preferred equity are recorded at amortized cost, or outstanding unpaid principal balance plus exit fees less net deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan fees include unamortized origination and other fees charged to the borrower less direct incremental loan origination costs incurred by the Company. Purchased loans and preferred equity are recorded at amortized cost, or unpaid principal balance plus purchase premium or less unamortized discount. Costs to purchase loans and preferred equity are expensed as incurred.
Interest Income—Interest income is recognized based upon contractual interest rate and unpaid principal balance of the loans and preferred equity investments. Net deferred loan fees on originated loans and preferred equity investments are deferred and amortized as adjustments to interest income over the expected life of the loans and preferred equity investments using the effective yield method. Premium or discount on purchased loans and preferred equity investments are amortized as adjustments to interest income over the expected life of the loans and preferred equity investments using the effective yield method. When a loan or preferred equity investment is prepaid, prepayment fees and any excess of proceeds over the carrying amount of the loan or preferred equity investment is recognized as additional interest income.
The Company has debt investments in its portfolio that contain a payment-in-kind (“PIK”) provision. Contractual PIK interest, which represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance that is due at the end of the loan term, is generally recorded on an accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. The Company will generally cease accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or management does not expect the borrower to be able to pay all principal and interest due.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Nonaccrual—Accrual of interest income is suspended on nonaccrual loans and preferred equity investments. Loans and preferred equity investments that are past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest, or where reasonable doubt exists as to timely collection, are generally considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual status. Interest receivable is reversed against interest income when loans and preferred equity investments are placed on nonaccrual status. Interest collected is recognized on a cash basis by crediting income when received; or if ultimate collectability of loan and preferred equity principal is uncertain, interest collected is recognized using a cost recovery method by applying interest collected as a reduction to loan and preferred equity carrying value. Loans and preferred equity investments may be restored to accrual status when all principal and interest are current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest are reasonably assured.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans that the Company intends to sell or liquidate in the foreseeable future are classified as held for sale. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less disposal cost, with valuation changes recognized as impairment loss. Loans held for sale are not subject to allowance for loan losses. Net deferred loan origination fees and loan purchase premiums or discounts are deferred and capitalized as part of the carrying value of the held for sale loan until the loan is sold, therefore included in the periodic valuation adjustments based on lower of cost or fair value less disposal cost.
At September 30, 2021, the Company had no loans classified as held for sale.
Acquisition, Development and Construction (“ADC”) Arrangements
The Company provides loans to third party developers for the acquisition, development and construction of real estate. Under an ADC arrangement, the Company participates in the expected residual profits of the project through the sale, refinancing or other use of the property. The Company evaluates the characteristics of each ADC arrangement, including its risks and rewards, to determine whether they are more similar to those associated with a loan or an investment in real estate. ADC arrangements with characteristics implying loan classification are presented as loans held for investment and result in the recognition of interest income. ADC arrangements with characteristics implying real estate joint ventures are presented as investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and are accounted for using the equity method. The classification of each ADC arrangement as either loan receivable or real estate joint venture involves significant judgment and relies on various factors, including market conditions, amount and timing of expected residual profits, credit enhancements in the form of guaranties, estimated fair value of the collateral, and significance of borrower equity in the project, among others. The classification of ADC arrangements is performed at inception, and periodically reassessed when significant changes occur in the circumstances or conditions described above.
Operating Real Estate
Real Estate Acquisitions—Real estate acquired in acquisitions that are deemed to be business combinations is recorded at the fair values of the acquired components at the time of acquisition, allocated among land, buildings, improvements, equipment and lease-related tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities, including forgone leasing costs, in-place lease values and above- or below-market lease values. Real estate acquired in acquisitions that are deemed to be asset acquisitions is recorded at the total value of consideration transferred, including transaction costs, and allocated to the acquired components based upon relative fair value. The estimated fair value of acquired land is derived from recent comparable sales of land and listings within the same local region based on available market data. The estimated fair value of acquired buildings and building improvements is derived from comparable sales, discounted cash flow analysis using market-based assumptions, or replacement cost, as appropriate.The fair value of site and tenant improvements is estimated based upon current market replacement costs and other relevant market rate information.
Real Estate Held for Investment
Real estate held for investment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation.
Costs Capitalized or Expensed—Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred, while expenditures for significant renovations that improve or extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Depreciation—Real estate held for investment, other than land, is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:
Real Estate AssetsTerm
Building (fee interest)7 to 48 years
Building leasehold interestsLesser of remaining term of the lease or remaining life of the building
Building improvementsLesser of the useful life or remaining life of the building
Land improvements1 to 15 years
Tenant improvementsLesser of the useful life or remaining term of the lease
Furniture, fixtures and equipment2 to 8 years
Impairment—The Company evaluates its real estate held for investment for impairment periodically or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates real estate for impairment generally on an individual property basis. If an impairment indicator exists, the Company evaluates the undiscounted future net cash flows that are expected to be generated by the property, including any estimated proceeds from the eventual disposition of the property. If multiple outcomes are under consideration, the Company may apply a probability-weighted approach to the impairment analysis. Based upon the analysis, if the carrying value of a property exceeds its undiscounted future net cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of the property over the estimated fair value of the property. In evaluating and/or measuring impairment, the Company considers, among other things, current and estimated future cash flows associated with each property, market information for each sub-market, including, where applicable, competition levels, foreclosure levels, leasing trends, occupancy trends, lease or room rates, and the market prices of similar properties recently sold or currently being offered for sale, and other quantitative and qualitative factors. Another key consideration in this assessment is the Company’s assumptions about the highest and best use of its real estate investments and its intent and ability to hold them for a reasonable period that would allow for the recovery of their carrying values. If such assumptions change and the Company shortens its expected hold period, this may result in the recognition of impairment losses. See Note 6, “Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale” and Note 14, “Fair Value” for further detail.
Real Estate Held for Sale
Real estate is classified as held for sale in the period when (i) management approves a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to usual and customary terms, (iii) a program is initiated to locate a buyer and actively market the asset for sale at a reasonable price, and (iv) completion of the sale is probable within one year. Real estate held for sale is stated at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less disposal cost, with any write-down to fair value less disposal cost recorded as an impairment loss. For any increase in fair value less disposal cost subsequent to classification as held for sale, the impairment loss may be reversed, but only up to the amount of cumulative loss previously recognized. Depreciation is not recorded on assets classified as held for sale. At the time a sale is consummated, the excess, if any, of sale price less selling costs over carrying value of the real estate is recognized as a gain.
If circumstances arise that were previously considered unlikely and, as a result, the Company decides not to sell the real estate asset previously classified as held for sale, the real estate asset is reclassified as held for investment. Upon reclassification, the real estate asset is measured at the lower of (i) its carrying amount prior to classification as held for sale, adjusted for depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the real estate been continuously classified as held for investment, and (ii) its estimated fair value at the time the Company decides not to sell.
At September 30, 2021, there were 2 properties held for sale. See Note 6, “Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale” and Note 17, “Segment Reporting” for further detail.
Foreclosed Properties
The Company receives foreclosed properties in full or partial settlement of loans held for investment by taking legal title or physical possession of the properties. Foreclosed properties are generally recognized at the time the real estate is received at foreclosure sale or upon execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Foreclosed properties are initially measured at fair value. If the fair value of the property is lower than the carrying value of the loan, the difference is recognized as provision for loan loss and the cumulative loss allowance on the loan is charged off. The Company periodically evaluates foreclosed properties for subsequent decrease in fair value, which is recorded as an additional impairment loss. Fair value of foreclosed properties is generally based on third party appraisals, broker price opinions, comparable sales or a combination thereof.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Real Estate Securities
The Company classifies its CRE securities investments as available for sale on the acquisition date, which are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded as a component of accumulated OCI in the consolidated statements of equity. However, the Company has elected the fair value option for the assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs, and as a result, any unrealized gains (losses) on the consolidated Investing VIEs are recorded in unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held subordinate tranches of 1 securitization trust, which represent the Company’s retained interest in a securitization trust that the Company consolidates under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Impairment
CRE securities for which the fair value option is elected are not evaluated for impairment as any change in fair value is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Realized losses on such securities are reclassified to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trust, net as losses occur.
CRE securities for which the fair value option is not elected are evaluated for impairment quarterly. Impairment of a security is considered when the fair value is below the amortized cost basis, which is then further analyzed when: (i) the holder has the intent to sell the impaired security; (ii) it is more likely than not the holder will be required to sell the security; or (iii) the holder does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost of the security. When a CRE security has been deemed impaired due to (i) or (ii) or (iii), the security is written down to its fair value and an impairment is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. In all other situations, the unrealized loss is bifurcated into: (a) the amount related to expected credit losses; and (b) the amount related to other factors in excess of expected credit losses. The portion of impairment related to expected credit losses is recognized as an allowance for credit losses. The remaining impairment related to other factors is recognized as a component of accumulated OCI in the consolidated statements of equity. CRE securities which are not high-credit quality are considered to have an impairment if the security has an unrealized loss and there has been an adverse change in expected cash flow. The amount of impairment is then bifurcated as discussed above.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $1.0 million related to its CRE securities. The impairment loss is included in other gain, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures
A noncontrolling, unconsolidated ownership interest in an entity may be accounted for using one of (i) equity method where applicable; (ii) fair value option if elected; (iii) fair value through earnings if fair value is readily determinable, including election of net asset value (“NAV”) practical expedient where applicable; or (iv) for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, the measurement alternative to measure at cost adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes, as applicable.
Fair value changes of equity method investments under the fair value option are recorded in earnings from investments in unconsolidated ventures. Fair value changes of other equity investments, including adjustments for observable price changes under the measurement alternative, are recorded in other gain (loss).
Equity Method Investments
The Company accounts for investments under the equity method of accounting if it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an entity, but does not have a controlling financial interest. The equity method investment is initially recorded at cost and adjusted each period for capital contributions, distributions and the Company’s share of the entity’s net income or loss as well as other comprehensive income or loss. The Company’s share of net income or loss may differ from the stated ownership percentage interest in an entity if the governing documents prescribe a substantive non-proportionate earnings allocation formula or a preferred return to certain investors. For certain equity method investments, the Company records its proportionate share of income on a one to three month lag. Distributions of operating profits from equity method investments are reported as operating activities, while distributions in excess of operating profits are reported as investing activities in the statement of cash flows under the cumulative earnings approach.
At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures consisted of investments in PE Investments, senior loans, mezzanine loans and preferred equity held in joint ventures, as well as ADC arrangements accounted for as equity method investments.
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(Unaudited)
Impairment
Evaluation of impairment applies to equity method investments and equity investments under the measurement alternative. If indicators of impairment exist, the Company will first estimate the fair value of its investment. In assessing fair value, the Company generally considers, among others, the estimated fair value of the investee, which is based on significant assumptions including the estimated timing and probabilities of the future cash flows of the unconsolidated joint venture, utilizing discount rates and capitalization rates.
For investments under the measurement alternative, if carrying value of the investment exceeds its fair value, an impairment is deemed to have occurred.
For equity method investments, further consideration is made if a decrease in value of the investment is other-than-temporary to determine if impairment loss should be recognized. Assessment of OTTI involves management judgment, including, but not limited to, consideration of the investee’s financial condition, operating results, business prospects and creditworthiness, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment until recovery of its carrying value. If management is unable to reasonably assert that an impairment is temporary or believes that the Company may not fully recover the carrying value of its investment, then the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary.
Investments that are other-than-temporarily impaired are written down to their estimated fair value. Impairment loss is recorded in earnings from investments in unconsolidated ventures for equity method investments and in other gain (loss) for investments under the measurement alternative.
Identifiable Intangibles
In a business combination or asset acquisition, the Company may recognize identifiable intangibles that meet either or both the contractual-legal criterion or the separability criterion. An indefinite-lived intangible is not subject to amortization until such time that its useful life is determined to no longer be indefinite, at which point, it will be assessed for impairment and its adjusted carrying amount amortized over its remaining useful life. Finite-lived intangibles are amortized over their useful life in a manner that reflects the pattern in which the intangible is being consumed if readily determinable, such as based upon expected cash flows; otherwise they are amortized on a straight line basis. The useful life of all identified intangibles will be periodically reassessed and if useful life changes, the carrying amount of the intangible will be amortized prospectively over the revised useful life.
Lease Intangibles—Identifiable intangibles recognized in acquisitions of operating real estate properties generally include in-place leases, above- or below-market leases and deferred leasing costs, all of which have finite lives. In-place leases generate value over and above the tangible real estate because a property that is occupied with leased space is typically worth more than a vacant building without an operating lease contract in place. The estimated fair value of acquired in-place leases is derived based on management’s assessment of costs avoided from having tenants in place, including lost rental income, rent concessions and tenant allowances or reimbursements, that hypothetically would be incurred to lease a vacant building to its actual existing occupancy level on the valuation date. The net amount recorded for acquired in-place leases is included in intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable leases. If an in-place lease is terminated, the unamortized portion is charged to depreciation and amortization expense.
The estimated fair value of the above- or below-market component of acquired leases represents the present value of the difference between contractual rents of acquired leases and market rents at the time of the acquisition for the remaining lease term, discounted for tenant credit risks. Above- or below-market operating lease values are amortized on a straight-line basis as a decrease or increase to rental income, respectively, over the applicable lease terms. This includes fixed rate renewal options in acquired leases that are below-market, which are amortized to decrease rental income over the renewal period. Above- or below-market ground lease obligations are amortized on a straight-line basis as a decrease or increase to rent expense, respectively, over the applicable lease terms. If the above- or below-market operating lease values or above- or below-market ground lease obligations are terminated, the unamortized portion of the lease intangibles are recorded in rental income or rent expense, respectively.
Deferred leasing costs represent management’s estimate of the avoided leasing commissions and legal fees associated with an existing in-place lease. The net amount is included in intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable lease.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Transfers of Financial Assets
Sale accounting for transfers of financial assets requires the transfer of an entire financial asset, a group of financial assets in its entirety or if a component of the financial asset is transferred, that the component meets the definition of a participating interest with characteristics that mirror the original financial asset.
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. If the Company has any continuing involvement, rights or obligations with the transferred financial asset (outside of standard representations and warranties), sale accounting requires that the transfer meets the following sale conditions: (1) the transferred asset has been legally isolated; (2) the transferee has the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred asset; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred asset through an agreement that provides for (a) both an entitlement and an obligation by the Company to repurchase or redeem the asset before its maturity, (b) the unilateral ability by the Company to reclaim the asset and a more than trivial benefit attributable to that ability, or (c) the transferee requiring the Company to repurchase the asset at a price so favorable to the transferee that it is probable the repurchase will occur.
If sale accounting is met, the transferred financial asset is removed from the balance sheet and a net gain or loss is recognized upon sale, taking into account any retained interests. Transfers of financial assets that do not meet the criteria for sale are accounted for as financing transactions, or secured borrowing.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. All derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and included in other assets or other liabilities on a gross basis on the balance sheet. The accounting for changes in fair value of derivatives depends upon whether or not the Company has elected to designate the derivative in a hedging relationship and the derivative qualifies for hedge accounting. The Company has economic hedges that have not been designated for hedge accounting.
Changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as accounting hedges are recorded in the statement of operations in other gain (loss), net.
For designated accounting hedges, the relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the accounting hedges as well as the methods to assess the effectiveness of the derivative prospectively and retrospectively, are formally documented at inception. Hedge effectiveness relates to the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exactly offsets the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. If it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be or has ceased to be highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued.
Cash Flow Hedges—The Company uses interest rate caps and swaps to hedge its exposure to interest rate fluctuations in forecasted interest payments on floating rate debt. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, while hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings. If the derivative in a cash flow hedge is terminated or the hedge designation is removed, related amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified into earnings.
Net Investment Hedges—The Company uses foreign currency hedges to protect the value of its net investments in foreign subsidiaries or equity method investees whose functional currencies are not U.S. dollars. Changes in the fair value of derivatives used as hedges of net investment in foreign operations, to the extent effective, are recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment account within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
At the end of each quarter, the Company reassesses the effectiveness of its net investment hedges and as appropriate, dedesignates the portion of the derivative notional amount that is in excess of the beginning balance of its net investments as undesignated hedges.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Release of accumulated other comprehensive income related to net investment hedges occurs upon losing a controlling financial interest in an investment or obtaining control over an equity method investment. Upon sale, complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign subsidiary, or partial sale of an equity method investment, the gain or loss on the related net investment hedge is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings. Refer to Note 15, “Derivatives” for further discussion on the Company’s derivative and hedging activity.
Financing Costs
Financing costs primarily include debt discounts and premiums as well as deferred financing costs. Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing. Costs related to revolving credit facilities are recorded in other assets and are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line basis over the term of the facility. Costs related to other borrowings are recorded net against the carrying value of such borrowings and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed to realized gain (loss) when the associated facility is repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions, which do not close, are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not occur.
Revenue Recognition
Property Operating Income
Property operating income includes the following:
Rental Income—Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the related lease which includes the effects of minimum rent increases and rent abatements under the lease. Rents received in advance are deferred.
When it is determined that the Company is the owner of tenant improvements, the cost to construct the tenant improvements, including costs paid for or reimbursed by the tenants, is capitalized. For tenant improvements owned by the Company, the amount funded by or reimbursed by the tenants are recorded as deferred revenue, which is amortized on a straight-line basis as additional rental income over the term of the related lease. Rental income recognition commences when the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use and the tenant takes possession of the leased space.
When it is determined that the tenant is the owner of tenant improvements, the Company’s contribution towards those improvements is recorded as a lease incentive, included in deferred leasing costs and intangible assets on the balance sheet, and amortized as a reduction to rental income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental income recognition commences when the tenant takes possession of the lease space.
Tenant Reimbursements—In net lease arrangements, the tenant is generally responsible for operating expenses related to the property, including real estate taxes, property insurance, maintenance, repairs and improvements. Costs reimbursable from tenants and other recoverable costs are recognized as revenue in the period the recoverable costs are incurred. When the Company is the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services for property operations and has discretion in selecting the supplier and retains credit risk, tenant reimbursement revenue and property operating expenses are presented on a gross basis in the statements of operations. For certain triple net leases where the lessee self-manages the property, hires its own service providers and retains credit risk for routine maintenance contracts, no reimbursement revenue and expense are recognized.
Hotel Operating Income—Hotel operating income includes room revenue, food and beverage sales and other ancillary services. Revenue is recognized upon occupancy of rooms, consummation of sales and provision of services.
Real Estate Securities
Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method with any premium or discount amortized or accreted through earnings based on expected cash flow through the expected maturity date of the security. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews, and if appropriate, adjusts its cash flow projections based on inputs and analyses received from external sources, internal models, and the Company’s judgment about prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses and other factors. Changes in the amount or timing of cash flows from those originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation date, are considered to be either favorable changes or adverse changes.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Adverse changes in the timing or amount of cash flows on CRE securities could result in the Company recording an increase in the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses are calculated using a discounted cash flow approach and is measured as the difference between the amortized cost of a CRE security and estimate of cash flows expected to be collected discounted at the effective interest rate used to accrete the CRE security. The allowance for credit losses is recorded as a contra-asset and a reduction in earnings. The allowance for credit losses will be limited to the amount of the unrealized losses on the CRE securities. Any allowance for credit losses in excess of the unrealized losses on the CRE securities are accounted for as a prospective reduction of the effective interest rate. No allowance is recorded for CRE securities in an unrealized gain position. Favorable changes in the discounted cash flow will result in a reduction in the allowance for credit losses, if any. Any reduction in allowance for credit losses is recorded in earnings. If the allowance for credit losses has been reduced to zero, the remaining favorable changes are reflected as a prospective increase to the effective interest rate.
As of April 1, 2020, the Company placed its investment grade and non-investment grade rated CRE securities on cost recovery and as a result, ceased accretion of any discounts to expected maturity and applied any cash interest received against the CRE securities amortized cost basis. Refer to Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further discussion.
Foreign Currency
Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the functional currency is a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the corresponding results of operations for such entities are translated using the average exchange rate in effect during the period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders’ equity. Upon sale, complete or substantially complete liquidation of a foreign subsidiary, or upon partial sale of a foreign equity method investment, the translation adjustment associated with the investment, or a proportionate share related to the portion of equity method investment sold, is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into earnings.
Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the functional currency is the U.S. dollar are remeasured using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the corresponding results of operations for such entities are remeasured using the average exchange rate in effect during the period. The resulting foreign currency remeasurement adjustments are recorded in other gain (loss), net on the consolidated statements of operations.
Disclosures of non-U.S. dollar amounts to be recorded in the future are translated using exchange rates in effect at the date of the most recent balance sheet presented.
Equity-Based Compensation
Equity-classified stock awards granted to executive officers and both independent and non-independent directors are based on the closing price of the Class A common stock on the grant date and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for restricted stock awards. For performance stock units (“PSUs”) the fair value is based on a Monte Carlo simulation as of the grant date and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the measurement period. See Note 11, “Equity-Based Compensation” for further discussion.
The compensation expense is adjusted for actual forfeitures upon occurrence. Equity-based compensation is classified within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
Earnings Per Share
The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) using the two-class method. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing earnings allocated to common shareholders, as adjusted for unallocated earnings attributable to certain participating securities, if any, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is based on the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. The two-class method is an allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each share of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. The Company has certain share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends, which are considered participating securities for the purposes of computing EPS pursuant to the two-class method.
Income Taxes
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2018. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the real
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(Unaudited)
estate qualification of sources of its income, the real estate composition and values of its assets, the amounts it distributes to stockholders and the diversity of ownership of its stock.
To the extent that the Company qualifies as a REIT, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent of its distributions to stockholders. The Company believes that all of the criteria to maintain the Company’s REIT qualification have been met for the applicable periods, but there can be no assurance that these criteria will continue to be met in subsequent periods. If the Company were to fail to meet these requirements, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax and potential interest and penalties, which could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distributions to its stockholders. The Company’s accounting policy with respect to interest and penalties is to classify these amounts as a component of income tax expense, where applicable.
The Company may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. Under certain circumstances, U.S. federal income and excise taxes may be due on its undistributed taxable income. The Company also holds investments in Europe which are subject to tax in each local jurisdiction.
The Company made joint elections to treat certain subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) which may be subject to taxation by U.S. federal, state and local authorities. In general, a TRS of the Company may perform non-customary services for tenants, hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and engage in most real estate or non-real estate-related business.
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to taxation by U.S. federal, state and local authorities for the periods presented. Income taxes are accounted for by the asset/liability approach in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Deferred taxes, if any, represent the expected future tax consequences when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Such amounts arise from differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax laws and tax rates in the period during which such changes are enacted. A provision for income tax represents the total of income taxes paid or payable for the current period, plus the change in deferred taxes. Current and deferred taxes are recorded on the portion of earnings (losses) recognized by the Company with respect to its interest in TRSs. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are calculated based on temporary differences between the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements and the U.S. federal, state and local tax basis of assets and liabilities as of the consolidated balance sheet date. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets (e.g., net operating loss and capital loss carryforwards) and recognizes a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. When evaluating the realizability of its deferred tax assets, the Company considers estimates of expected future taxable income, existing and projected book/tax differences, tax planning strategies available and the general and industry-specific economic outlook. This realizability analysis is inherently subjective, as it requires the Company to forecast its business and general economic environment in future periods. Changes in estimate of deferred tax asset realizability, if any, are included in income tax benefit (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $2.1 million and an income tax benefit of $15.4 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.1 million and income tax benefit of $11.5 million, respectively.
Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) reserve
The CECL reserve for the Company’s financial instruments carried at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as loans, loan commitments and trade receivables represents a lifetime estimate of expected credit losses. Factors considered by the Company when determining the CECL reserve include loan-specific characteristics such as loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio, vintage year, loan term, property type, occupancy and geographic location, financial performance of the borrower, expected payments of principal and interest, as well as internal or external information relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The CECL reserve is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist for multiple financial instruments. If similar risk characteristics do not exist, the Company measures the CECL reserve on an individual instrument basis. The determination of whether a particular financial instrument should be included in a pool can change over time. If a financial asset’s risk characteristics change, the Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to continue to keep the financial instrument in its existing pool or evaluate it individually.
In measuring the CECL reserve for financial instruments that share similar risk characteristics, the Company primarily applies a probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) model for instruments that are collectively assessed, whereby the CECL reserve is calculated as the product of PD, LGD and exposure at default (“EAD”). The Company’s model principally utilizes historical loss rates derived from a commercial mortgage backed securities database with historical losses from 1998
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(Unaudited)
through September 2021 provided by a third party, Trepp LLC, forecasting the loss parameters using a scenario-based statistical approach over a reasonable and supportable forecast period of twelve months, followed by a straight-line reversion period of twelve-months back to average historical losses.
For financial instruments assessed outside of the PD/LGD model on an individual basis, including when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the full payment of principal and interest on the instrument, the Company applies a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology. For financial instruments where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty based on the Company’s assessment at the reporting date and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the Company may elect to use as a practical expedient the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date when determining the provision for loan losses.
In developing the CECL reserve for its loans and preferred equity held for investment, the Company considers the risk ranking of each loan and preferred equity as a key credit quality indicator. The risk rankings are based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, underlying real estate performance and asset value, values of comparable properties, durability and quality of property cash flows, sponsor experience and financial wherewithal, and the existence of a risk-mitigating loan structure. Additional key considerations include loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, loan structure, real estate and credit market dynamics, and risk of default or principal loss. Based on a five-point scale, the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment are rated “1” through “5,” from less risk to greater risk, and the ratings are updated quarterly. At the time of origination or purchase, loans and preferred equity held for investment are ranked as a “3” and will move accordingly going forward based on the ratings which are defined as follows:
1.Very Low Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has exceeded underwritten expectations with very strong net operating income (“NOI”), debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and occupancy metrics. Sponsor is investment grade, very well capitalized, and employs very experienced management team.
2.Low Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has met or exceeds underwritten expectations with high occupancy at market rents, resulting in consistent cash flow to service the debt. Strong sponsor that is well capitalized with experienced management team.
3.Average Risk-The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance is consistent with underwriting expectations. The property generates adequate cash flow to service the debt, and/or there is enough reserve or loan structure to provide time for sponsor to execute the business plan. Sponsor has routinely met its obligations and has experience owning/operating similar real estate.
4.High Risk/Delinquent/Potential for Loss-The loan is in excess of 30 days delinquent and/or has a risk of a principal loss. The underlying property performance is behind underwritten expectations. Loan covenants may require occasional waivers/modifications. Sponsor has been unable to execute its business plan and local market fundamentals have deteriorated. Operating cash flow is not sufficient to service the debt and debt service payments may be coming from sponsor equity/loan reserves.
5.Impaired/Defaulted/Loss Likely-The loan is in default or a default is imminent, and has a high risk of a principal loss, or has incurred a principal loss. The underlying property performance is significantly worse than underwritten expectation and sponsor has failed to execute its business plan. The property has significant vacancy and current cash flow does not support debt service. Local market fundamentals have significantly deteriorated resulting in depressed comparable property valuations versus underwriting.
The Company also considers qualitative and environmental factors, including, but not limited to, economic and business conditions, nature and volume of the loan portfolio, lending terms, volume and severity of past due loans, concentration of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations in its determination of the CECL reserve.
The Company has elected to not measure a CECL reserve for accrued interest receivable as it is reversed against interest income when a loan or preferred equity investment is placed on nonaccrual status. Loans and preferred equity investments are charged off against the provision for loan losses when all or a portion of the principal amount is determined to be uncollectible.
Changes in the CECL reserve for the Company’s financial instruments are recorded in provision for loan losses on the Statement of Operations with a corresponding offset to the loans and preferred equity held for investment or as a component of other liabilities for future loan fundings recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. See Note 3, “Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net” for further detail.
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(Unaudited)
Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”)—The Company classifies an individual financial instrument as a TDR when it has a reasonable expectation that the financial instrument’s contractual terms will be modified in a manner that grants concession to the borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include term extensions, payment deferrals, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, forbearance, or other actions designed to maximize the Company’s collection on the financial instrument. The Company determines the CECL reserve for financial instruments that are TDRs individually.
Accounting Standards adopted in 2021
Income Tax Accounting—In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU simplifies accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the general approach in ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the guidance for more consistent application. The simplifications relate to intraperiod tax allocations when there is a loss in continuing operations and a gain outside of continuing operations, accounting for tax law or tax rate changes and year-to-date losses in interim periods, recognition of deferred tax liability for outside basis difference when investment ownership changes, and accounting for franchise taxes that are partially based on income. The ASU also provides new guidance that clarifies the accounting for transactions resulting in a step-up in tax basis of goodwill, among other changes. Transition is generally prospective, other than the provision related to outside basis difference which is on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect adjusted to retained earnings at the beginning of the period adopted, and franchise tax provision which is on either full or modified retrospective. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period, to be applied to all provisions. The Company adopted this on January 1, 2021, and the impact was not material.
Accounting for Certain Equity Investments—In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321 Investments-Equity Securities, Topic 323-Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Topic 815-Derivatives and Hedging. The ASU clarifies, that if as a result of an observable transaction, an equity investment under the measurement alternative is transitioned into equity method or an equity method investment is transitioned into measurement alternative, then the investment is to be remeasured immediately before and after the transaction, respectively. The ASU also clarifies that certain forward contracts or purchased options to acquire equity securities that are not deemed to be derivatives or in-substance common stock will generally be measured using the fair value principles of ASC 321 before settlement or exercise, and that an entity should not be considering how it will account for the resulting investments upon eventual settlement or exercise. ASU No. 2020-01 is to be applied prospectively, effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted in an interim period. The Company adopted this on January 1, 2021, and the impact was not material.
Future Application of Accounting Standards
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts on Entity’s Own Equity— In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU (1) simplifies an issuer’s accounting for convertible instruments as a single unit of account; (2) allows more contracts on an entity’s own equity to qualify for equity classification and more embedded derivatives to meet the derivative scope exception; and (3) simplifies diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) computation.
•The guidance eliminates the requirement to separate embedded conversion features in convertible instruments, except for (1) a convertible instrument that contains features requiring bifurcation as a derivative under ASC 815 or (2) a convertible debt instrument that was issued at a substantial premium.
•Under the new guidance, certain conditions under Subtopic ASC 815-40 that may result in contracts being settled in cash rather than shares and therefore preclude (1) equity classification for contracts on an entity’s own equity; and (2) embedded derivatives from qualifying for the derivative scope exception, have been removed; for example, the requirement that equity contracts permit settlement in unregistered shares unless such contracts explicitly require settlement in cash if registered shares are unavailable. The guidance also clarifies that freestanding contracts on an entity’s own equity that do not qualify for equity classification under the indexation criteria (ASC 815-4015) or settlement criteria (ASC 815-40-25) are to be measured at fair value through earnings, even if they do not meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815.
•The ASU also amends certain guidance on computation of diluted EPS for convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity that results in a more dilutive EPS, including (1) requiring the if converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments (the treasury stock method is no longer available), and (2) removing the ability to rebut the presumption of share settlement for contracts that may be settled in cash or stock and that are not liability classified share based payments.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
•Expanded disclosures are required, including but not limited to, (1) terms and features of convertible instruments and contracts on entity’s own equity; and (2) information about events, conditions, and circumstances that could affect amount or timing of future cash flows related to these instruments or contracts; and in the period of adoption (3) nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle; and (4) effects of the change on EPS.
Upon adoption, a one-time election may be made to apply the fair value option for any liability-classified convertible securities.
Adoption of the new standard may be made either on a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach, with cumulative effect adjustment recorded to beginning retained earnings. ASU No. 2020-06 is effective January 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.
Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments— In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05. The guidance in ASU 2021-05 amends the lease classification requirements for the lessors under certain leases containing variable payments to align with practice under ASC 840. Under the guidance, the lessor should classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: 1) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease in accordance with the classification criteria in ASC 842-10-25-2 through 25-3; and 2) the lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.
Modifications of equity-classified written call options— In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04 Modification of equity-classified written call options — Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options — to codify how an issuer should account for modifications made to equity-classified written call options (a warrant to purchase the issuer’s common stock). The guidance in the ASU requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant that does not cause the warrant to become liability-classified as an exchange whether structured as an amendment or reissuance and is effective for all periods beginning after December 15, 2021 with early application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this new guidance.
3. Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment, net (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Unpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in YearsUnpaid Principal Balance
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Maturity in Years
Fixed rate
Mezzanine loans$167,219 $166,876 12.8 %3.2$155,803 $155,225 12.8 %4.0
Preferred equity interests18,953 18,953 15.0 %1.918,680 18,681 15.0 %2.7
186,172 185,829 174,483 173,906 
Variable rate
Senior loans1,226,348 1,216,940 5.0 %3.11,029,760 1,026,846 5.4 %3.4
Securitized loans(2)
1,756,472 1,751,348 4.3 %3.81,006,495 1,004,698 5.1 %3.4
Mezzanine loans12,000 12,120 11.5 %0.912,000 12,120 11.5 %1.7
Preferred equity interests— — — %03,118 3,118 5.3 %0.0
2,994,820 2,980,408 2,051,373 2,046,782 
Loans and preferred equity held for investment3,180,992 3,166,236 2,225,856 2,220,688 
Allowance for loan lossesNA(42,730)NA(37,191)
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$3,180,992 $3,123,506 $2,225,856 $2,183,497 

(1)Calculated based on contractual interest rate.
(2)Represents loans transferred into securitization trusts that are consolidated by the Company.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The weighted average maturity, including extensions, of loans and preferred equity investments was 3.5 years at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
The Company had $8.7 million and $7.0 million of interest receivable related to its loans and preferred equity held for investment, net as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. This is included in receivables, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Activity relating to the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment, net was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value
Balance at January 1, 2021$2,183,497 
Acquisitions/originations/additional funding1,305,599 
Loan maturities/principal repayments(377,987)
Discount accretion/premium amortization4,659 
Capitalized interest13,277 
Provision for loan losses(1)
(5,884)
Charge-off345 
Balance at September 30, 2021$3,123,506 

(1)Provision for loan losses excludes $0.9 million determined by the Company’s PD/LGD model for unfunded commitments reported on the consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding offset to other liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans and Preferred Equity
Loans and preferred equity that are 90 days or more past due as to principal or interest, or where reasonable doubt exists as to timely collection, are generally considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual status. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any loans and preferred equity on nonaccrual status.
The following table provides an aging summary of loans and preferred equity held for investment at carrying values before allowance for loan losses, if any (dollars in thousands):
Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past DueTotal Loans
September 30, 2021$3,166,236 $— $— $— $3,166,236 
December 31, 20202,220,688 — — — 2,220,688 
San Jose, California Hotel Senior Loan
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 created challenges, which included lower occupancy rates, weaker financial performance and borrower funding of approximately $18.6 million of shortfalls to maintain operations, which ultimately led the borrower to close the San Jose, California hotel and file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in March 2021. The Company entered into a restructuring support agreement with the borrower with respect to the bankruptcy process, in the Company’s capacity as the sole secured creditor. The bankruptcy court authorized the rejection of the existing hotel management agreement and approved a restructuring plan for the borrower to exit bankruptcy with Signia by Hilton as the new brand and hotel manager at the hotel and a $25 million mezzanine to support re-opening the hotel, property improvement plans, certain operating expenses and all expenses associated with the bankruptcy process.
On May 18, 2021, the bankruptcy court issued a confirmation order approving the amended and restated senior mortgage loan terms and the Company’s right to rely on such order to finalize documents with the Company’s borrower as it emerges from bankruptcy in accordance with the third amended joint Chapter 11 plan of reorganization. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company expects to amend and restate the senior mortgage loan, subject to customary closing conditions, in the amount of $184.9 million, an upsize which reflects accrued interest and fees during the non-accrual period, collapsing the prior preferred equity investment into the restated senior mortgage loan and certain other costs and expenses associated with bankruptcy. The San Jose Hotel is scheduled to reopen in the first quarter of 2022. As the bankruptcy plan and loan terms were approved in the second quarter of 2021 and the Company’s senior loan documents were substantively finalized during the third quarter of 2021, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 the Company reinstated the loan investment and recognized $6.1 million of
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
interest income on the consolidated statement of operations, of which $3.7 million relates to past due interest during the non-accrual period of February 2021 through June 2021 and $2.4 million relates to interest income during the third quarter of 2021. Additionally, the Company recognized $0.7 million of other income on the consolidated statement of operations related to late fees during the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Changes in allowance for loan losses on loans are presented below (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20212020
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period$37,191 $272,624 
Effect of CECL adoption(1)
— 21,093 
Provision for loan losses(2)
5,884 86,329 
Charge-off(345)(38,659)
Transfer to loans held for sale— (300,863)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period(3)
$42,730 $40,524 

(1)Calculated by the Company’s PD/LGD model upon CECL adoption on January 1, 2020. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further details.
(2)Provision for loan losses excludes $0.9 million and $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. These amounts were determined by the Company’s PD/LGD model for unfunded commitments reported on the consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding offset to other liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Includes $42.7 million related to the Company’s PD/LGD model at September 30, 2021. At September 30, 2020, includes $38.9 million related to the Company’s PD/LGD model and $1.6 million related to the corporate term loan, which was evaluated individually.
Credit Quality Monitoring
Loan and preferred equity investments are typically loans secured by direct senior priority liens on real estate properties or by interests in entities that directly own real estate properties, which serve as the primary source of cash for the payment of principal and interest. The Company evaluates its loan and preferred equity investments at least quarterly and differentiates the relative credit quality principally based on: (i) whether the borrower is currently paying contractual debt service in accordance with its contractual terms; and (ii) whether the Company believes the borrower will be able to perform under its contractual terms in the future, as well as the Company’s expectations as to the ultimate recovery of principal at maturity.
As of September 30, 2021, all loans were performing in accordance with the contractual terms of their governing documents and were categorized as performing loans. There were no loans held for investment with contractual payments past due as of December 31, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, no debt investment contributed more than 10.0% of interest income.
The following table provides a summary by carrying values before any allowance for loan losses of the Company’s loans and preferred equity held for investment by year of origination and credit quality risk ranking (dollars in thousands). Refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020—Credit Losses” for loans risk ranking definitions.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
20212020201920182017Total
Senior loans
  Risk Rankings:
2$22,462 $42,289 $56,505 $— $— $121,256 
31,173,645 138,411 468,721 262,147 33,872 2,076,796 
4— — 465,824 304,412 — 770,236 
Total Senior loans1,196,107 180,700 991,050 566,559 33,872 2,968,288 
Mezzanine loans
Risk Rankings:
3— — 37,505 68,125 — 105,630 
4— — 61,245 — 12,120 73,365 
Total Mezzanine loans— — 98,750 68,125 12,120 178,995 
Preferred equity interests and other
Risk Rankings:
3— — — 18,953 — 18,953 
Total Preferred equity interests and other— — — 18,953 — 18,953 
Total Loans and preferred equity held for investment$1,196,107 $180,700 $1,089,800 $653,637 $45,992 $3,166,236 
The quarter ended September 30, 2021 average risk rating for loans and preferred equity held for investment was 3.2.
Lending Commitments
The Company has lending commitments to borrowers pursuant to certain loan agreements in which the borrower may submit a request for funding contingent on achieving certain criteria, which must be approved by the Company as lender, such as leasing, performance of capital expenditures and construction in progress with an approved budget. At September 30, 2021, assuming the terms to qualify for future advances, if any, had been met, total gross unfunded lending commitments were $233.7 million. Refer to Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies” for further details. At September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a $0.9 million allowance for lending commitments in accrued and other liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets in accordance with the credit losses accounting standard No. 2016-13. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further details.
4. Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures
Summary
The Company’s investments in unconsolidated ventures represent noncontrolling equity interests in various entities, as follows (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Equity method investments$199,580 $366,481 
Investments under fair value option4,848 6,883 
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures$204,428 $373,364 
Equity Method Investments
Investment Ventures
Certain of the Company’s equity method investments are structured as joint ventures with one or more private funds or other investment vehicles managed by DigitalBridge with third party joint venture partners. These investment entities are generally capitalized through equity contributions from the fairmembers, although certain investments are leveraged through various financing arrangements.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The assets of the equity method investment entities may only be used to settle the liabilities of these entities and there is no recourse to the general credit of the Company nor the other investors for the obligations of these investment entities. Neither the Company nor the other investors are required to provide financial or other support in excess of their capital commitments. The Company’s exposure to the investment entities is limited to its equity method investment balance as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The Company’s investments accounted for under the equity method are summarized below (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value
InvestmentsDescriptionSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
ADC investments(1)(2)(3)
Interests in three acquisition, development and construction loans in which the Company participates in residual profits from the projects, and the risk and rewards of the arrangements are more similar to those associated with investments in joint ventures$26,032 $57,481 
Other investment ventures(1)(4)
Interests in 6 investments, each with less than $95.4 million carrying value at September 30, 2021173,548 309,000 

(1)The Company’s ownership interest in ADC investments and other investment ventures varies and represents capital contributed to date and may not be reflective of the Company’s economic interest in the entity because of provisions in operating agreements governing various matters, such as classes of partner or member interests, allocations of profits and losses, preferential returns and guaranty of debt. Each equity method investment has been determined to be a VIE for which the Company was not deemed to be the primary beneficiary or a voting interest entity in which the Company does not have the power to control through a majority of voting interest or through other arrangements.
(2)The Company owns varying levels of stated equity interests in certain ADC investments, as well as profit participation interests in real estate ventures without a stated ownership interest in other ADC investments.
(3)Includes 2 investments with a carrying value option was elected.of $25.7 million that were contributed to a preferred financing arrangement. See Note 13, “Noncontrolling Interests,” for further information.
(4)Includes 4 investments with a carrying value of $157.4 million that were contributed to a preferred financing arrangement. See Note 13, “Noncontrolling Interests,” for further information.
Under the fair value option, loans and preferred equity investments are measured each reporting period based on their exit values in an orderly transaction. Fair value adjustments recorded on each of these investments is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
WithinLos Angeles, California Mixed-Use Project—Third Party $275 million Construction Mezzanine Loan Upsize and Retained B-Participation Investment
Risk of Foreclosure and Maturity Default (see Historical Details below)
On July 9, 2021, the borrower failed to pay the principal balance of the Upsized Mezzanine Loan (as defined below) and senior mortgage loan or meet other tests for extension of the maturity date. The Senior Mezzanine Lender (as defined below) and senior mortgage lender each delivered reservation of rights letters to the senior mezzanine borrower and borrower, respectively. The lender parties and borrower have engaged in discussions regarding the current status of the sale of the hotel and the completion of the tower condominiums and anticipated tower condominium sales projections. Since the new capital investment of $275 million was made on September 1, 2020, there have been additional hard and soft costs overruns which are not supported by current commitments or reserves at the Mixed-use Project; provided, however, since the borrower maturity default, the Senior Mezzanine Lender has funded an additional approximate $47 million in protective advances ahead of the Company’s Core Portfolio:junior B-participation position. The hotel is currently open for business and the condominium towers are nearing completion. However, there continue to be delays experienced at the project, which include delays of the sale of the hotel property. In October 2021, in addition to the recent protective advances, the entire senior mortgage loan (with a total funding commitment of approximately $1.0 billion) was acquired at par by an affiliate of the Senior Mezzanine Lender (collectively, the “Senior Lender Group”). Since this acquisition, the senior mortgage commenced bearing interest at the default rate of approximately 11%. Given the Senior Lender Group’s consolidation of indebtedness, needed additional fundings and their preparedness to exercise any and all remedies, the CLNY Mezzanine Lender’s (as defined below) inability to reach a feasible restructuring agreement could result in the Senior Lender Group foreclosing on the Company’s mezzanine B-participation investment.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The borrower’s maturity default on July 9, 2021, further delays at the project and in sales activities, additional capital requirements, potential restructuring of indebtedness and actions that may be taken by the Senior Lender Group, notwithstanding continuing negotiations with the Senior Lender Group, have negatively impacted the Company’s investment interest. Importantly, the acquisition of the senior mortgage by the Senior Mezzanine Lender increases the likelihood of a mortgage foreclosure of the Company’s interests. As a result during the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Mixed-use Project recorded fair value losses totaling $268.5 million. The Company recognized its proportionate share of fair value losses equaling $97.9 million, which represents the Company’s remaining proportionate share in the investment. The Mixed-use Project did not recognize any interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Mixed-use Project’s total interest income was $13.8 million. The Company recognized its proportionate share of interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $2.4 million.
Historical Details
The Company’s mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment in a development project in Los Angeles County, which includes a hospitality and retail renovation and a new condominium tower construction (the “Mixed-use Project”), was converted into a mezzanine participation during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Company’s investment was made through a joint venture with affiliates of ourthe Company’s Manager (the “Colony“CLNY Mezzanine Lender”) in the form of a $574.0 million commitment to the Mixed-use Project, of which the Company’s proportionate share of the commitment is $189.0 million. The Mixed-use Project’s total interest income recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 was $13.8 million and $31.1 million, respectively. The Company recognized its proportionate share of interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 of $2.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively. In connection with the refinancing, the Colony Mezzanine Lender is no longer subject to future funding requirements.
In April 2020, the senior mortgage lender notified the borrower developer that the Mixed-use Project loan funding was over budget, due to cost overruns from certain hard and soft costs and senior loan interest reserve shortfalls projected through completion. As a result, during the second quarter of 2020, the Company and its affiliates made two2 protective advances to the senior mortgage lender totaling $67.7$69.1 million, of which the Company’s proportionate share was $28.5 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company placed the mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment on nonaccrual status.
In June 2020, the senior mortgage lender sought a third protective advance of $15.5 million of which the Company’s proportionate share would have been $7.0 million. While the Company and its affiliates did not fund its proportionate share, the senior mortgage lender funded the full amount of the required June advances. The senior mortgage lenders funding did not relieve the Company and its affiliates from its commitment to fund. As a result during the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Mixed-use Project’s recorded fair value losses totaling $250.0 million. The Company recognized its proportionate share of fair value losses equaling $89.3 million. The Mixed-use Project’s fair value was based on a weighted average probability analysis of potential resolutions based on a number of factors which included the maturity default of the loan, cost overruns, COVID-19 related delays, lack of funding by the borrower and recent negotiations with the senior lender, the borrower and potential sources of additional mezzanine financing.
In September 2020, in cooperation with the borrower and the EB-5 lender, the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender and senior mortgage lender secured $275 million of additional mezzanine financing from a third-party mezzanine lender (the “Senior Mezzanine Lender”).To consummate the new mezzanine financing, the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender simplified its investment interest by converting its existing preferred equity principal and accrued interest into the existing mezzanine loan, transferred the mezzanine loan to the Senior Mezzanine Lender, who subsequently increased the mezzanine loan amount by $275 million to a $821 million total mezzanine loan (the “Upsized Mezzanine Loan”). The Senior Mezzanine Lender holds a $275 million A-participation and the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender (including the Company’s interest) continues to hold a $546 million B-participation interest in the Upsized Mezzanine Loan at the Mixed-use Project.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)

The Co-Invest Portfolio Sale
For the three months ended September 30, 2020,On July 19, 2021, the Company continuesreached an agreement to maintainsell the nonaccrual status and there was no change5 co-investment assets to managed vehicles of Fortress Investment Group LLC (“Fortress”), for gross proceeds of $223 million (the “Co-Invest Portfolio Sale”). Per generally accepted accounting principles, the Company’sCompany is required to value these assets at the lower of cost or fair value loss adjustment on its proportionate sharemarket value. As of the Colony Mezzanine Lender’s B-participation investment.
•Also, during the three months ended June 30, 2020,2021, to reflect the cash the Company recognized its proportionate share of fair value losses totaling $7.0 millionexpects to receive from the sale, the Company recorded other-than-temporary impairment loss adjustments on 1 mezzanine loan secured by a mixed-use development project (“West Mixed-use”). West Mixed-use’s decrease in fair value is a result of revised sale expectations. The Company previously placed West Mixed-use on nonaccrual status in January 2020.
•Additionally, the Company holds a $189.6 million co-lender interest (61%) in a senior mortgage loan in the amount of $310.9 million. The senior mortgage loan is also held by private investment vehicles managed by Colony Capital. The senior mortgage is Euro–denominated and is for a fully entitled land acquisition for a mixed-usemixed use development project in Dublin, Ireland. Project delays, permitting processesIreland for $32.8 million, 1 mezzanine loan secured by single family development projects in Rolling Hills, California for $1.4 million and uncertain market conditions as1 mezzanine loan secured by a resultmixed use development project in San Rafael, California for $1.3 million, totaling a loss of COVID-19 (including adverse impacts on demand for office$35.5 million, of which $32.0 million was allocated to the Company and residential space), may have a negative impact$3.5 million was allocated to the Company’s partner in the “5-Investment Preferred Financing.” Additionally, the Company expects to record an offsetting gain on the senior lender’s investment interestother 2 co-investment assets totaling approximately $27.4 million upon the closing of the transaction, which is subject to customary closing conditions, third-party consents and may resultpurchase price adjustments, resulting in a future valuation impairmentan expected total net realized loss of approximately $4.6 million, net of selling costs. We can offer no assurances that the transaction will close as expected or investment loss. Givenat all or the delays and potential negative impactactual amount of COVID-19 on market conditionsany loss or gain realized by the loan was placed on nonaccrual status for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The loan’s initial maturity date is December 31, 2020, and the borrower is unlikely to meet the conditions required for an automatic extension. The Company is workingin connection with the borrower and evaluating options.sale.
Investments under Fair Value Option
Private Funds
The Company elected to account for its limited partnership interests, which range from 0.1%1.0% to 16.1%15.6%, in PE Investments under the fair value option. The Company records equity in earnings for these investments based on a change in fair value of its share of projected future cash flows.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received the final $1.8 million in proceeds related to the sale of its PE Investments.
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures Held for Sale
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company classified 1 investment in an unconsolidated venture it its Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio with a carrying value of $11.0 million as held for sale.
5. Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale
Investments in CRE Securities
CRE securities are composed of CMBS backed by a pool of CRE loans which are typically well-diversified by type and geography. The following table presents CMBS investments as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Weighted Average
Principal Amount(1)
Total DiscountAmortized
Cost		Cumulative Unrealized
on Investments		Fair
Value
Coupon(2)
Unleveraged
Current
Yield(3)
As of Date:CountGain(Loss)
September 30, 202011$67,334 $(35,375)$31,959 $4,291 $0 $36,250 3.47 %0 %
December 31, 201943292,284 (55,981)236,303 17,084 (563)252,824 3.19 %7.12 %
Weighted Average
Principal AmountTotal DiscountAmortized
Cost		Cumulative Unrealized
on Investments		Fair
Value
Coupon(1)
Unleveraged
Current
Yield(2)
As of Date:CountGain(Loss)
September 30, 20211$11,820 $(7,875)$3,945 $— $— $3,945 3.25 %— %
December 31, 2020219,560 (9,371)10,189 200 — 10,389 3.35 %— %

(1)CRE securities serve as collateral for financing transactions including carrying value of $18.4 million as of September 30, 2020 for the CMBS Credit Facilities (refer to Note 9, “Debt,” for further detail). The remainder is unleveraged.
(2)All CMBS are fixed rate.
(3)(2)The Company placed all of its CRE securities on cost recovery status as of April 1, 2020.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company sold 5 CRE securities for a total gross sales price of $28.8 million and recognized a gain of $5.2 million. The gain is recorded in other gain (loss), net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company sold 32 CRE securities for a total gross sales price of $118.5 million and recognized a net loss of $51.8 million. The loss is recorded in other gain (loss), net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In connection with these sales, the Company repaid $79.2 million of debt on its CMBS Credit Facility. See Note 19, “Subsequent Events,” for additional details regarding CRE securities sales.
Consistent with the overall market, the Company’s CRE securities, which it marks to fair value, lost significant value since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the market at September 30, 2020 experienced a slight rebound in some securities from the marks taken at June 30, 2020, the Company believes bond prices will remain volatile over the next six to twelve months reflecting changes in the macro environment as well as individual credit events within individual bonds. While the Company will evaluate selling its investment grade and non-investment grade rated CRE securitiessecurity over the next twelve months, it is more likely than not that the Company will sell before recovery. This impairment loss was a result of writingDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company wrote down through earnings the Company’s amortized cost basis to equalfor securities in which the fair value.value dropped below the amortized cost basis, realizing a loss of $1.0 million. The loss iswas recorded in other gain (loss), net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Additionally,
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company has placed its investment gradesold 1 CRE security for a total gross sales price of $5.1 million and non-investment grade ratedrealized a gain of $0.1 million. The gain was recorded in other gain (loss), net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2021 the Company had 1 remaining CRE securitiessecurity, which is on cost recovery, and as a result has ceased accretion of any discounts to expected maturity and applied any cash interest received against the CRE securities’security’s carrying value. This decision was made given the inability to project future cash flows fromflows. CRE securities serve as collateral for financing transactions for the Company’sCMBS Credit Facilities (refer to Note 9, “Debt,” for further detail).
Subsequent to September 30, 2021, the Company sold 1 CRE securities. Tosecurity for $5.1 million in gross proceeds and will recognize a gain of approximately $1.2 million. Following the extent thatsale, the carrying value ofCompany no longer holds any CRE security is reduced to zero, any cash subsequently received would besecurities.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded as interest income.
Thean unrealized loss in OCI of $0.2 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded an unrealized gain in OCI of $4.3 million and an unrealized loss of $12.2 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and an unrealized gain in OCI of $5.1 million and $22.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. For securities in which the fair value dropped below the amortized cost basis during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company wrote down through earnings the amortized cost basis of the securities to fair value as of September 30, 2020, realizing a loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $3.4 million and $32.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company did 0tnot hold any securities in an unrealized loss position.
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the weighted average contractual maturity of the one remaining CRE securitiessecurity was 28.627.6 years with an expected maturity of 5.54.5 years.
The Company had $0.7 million of interest receivable related to its real estate securities, available for sale as of December 31, 2019. This is included in receivables, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Investments in Investing VIEs
The Company is the directing certificate holder of 21 securitization truststrust and has the ability to appoint and replace the special servicer on all mortgage loans. As such, U.S. GAAP requires the Company to consolidate the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the securitization trusts as Investing VIEs. Refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion on Investing VIEs.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized unrealized gains of $32.0 million and realized losses of $23.4 million. In July 2019,the second quarter of 2021, the Company sold its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of 1 securitization trust for $33.4$28.7 million in total proceeds. As a result ofIn connection with the sale, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $19.5 million. The Company also recognized a realized loss of $19.5 million when the accumulated losses related to the retained investment were reversed and subsequently recorded to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net. The Company deconsolidated 1 of the securitization truststrust with gross assets and liabilities of approximately $1.2 billion$830.9 million and $1.2 billion,$802.2 million, respectively, which excludes accrued interest receivable and payable amounts of $3.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a realized loss of $3.9 million related to the sale of an underlying loan held within 1 of its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of a securitization trust. The Company also recorded an unrealized gain of $3.9 million when the accumulated losses related to the retained investment were reversed and subsequently recorded to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net. The realized loss was previously included in the Company’s loss projections and therefore no additional fair value write down was required in the third quarter of 2021.
Other than the securities represented by the Company’s subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts,trust, the Company does not have any claim to the assets or exposure to the liabilities of the securitization trusts.trust. The original issuers, who are unrelated third parties, guarantee the interest and principal payments related to the investment grade securitization bonds in the securitization trusts,trust, therefore these obligations do not have any recourse to the general credit of the Company as the consolidator of the securitization trusts.trust. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss would not exceed the carrying value of its retained investments in the securitization trusts, or the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts.trust.
As of September 30, 2021, the mortgage loans and the related mortgage obligations held in the securitization trust had an unpaid principal balance of $840.3 million and $800.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the mortgage loans and the related mortgage obligations held in the securitization trusts had an unpaid principal balance of $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the mortgage loans and the related mortgage obligations held in the securitization trusts had an unpaid principal balance of $1.8$1.7 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, across the 2 consolidated securitization trusts,2021, the underlying collateral of the securitization trust consisted of 11563 underlying commercial mortgage loans, with a weighted average coupon of 4.5%4.9% and a weighted average loan to value ratio of 56.8%60.9%.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets attributable to the securitization trust as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
AssetsAssetsAssets
Mortgage loans held in a securitization trust, at fair valueMortgage loans held in a securitization trust, at fair value$1,839,390 $1,872,970 Mortgage loans held in a securitization trust, at fair value$840,341 $1,768,069 
Receivables, netReceivables, net7,272 7,020 Receivables, net3,516 6,644 
Total assetsTotal assets$1,846,662 $1,879,990 Total assets$843,857 $1,774,713 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Mortgage obligations issued by a securitization trust, at fair valueMortgage obligations issued by a securitization trust, at fair value$1,770,924 $1,762,914 Mortgage obligations issued by a securitization trust, at fair value$800,831 $1,708,534 
Accrued and other liabilitiesAccrued and other liabilities6,307 6,267 Accrued and other liabilities3,211 6,119 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$1,777,231 $1,769,181 Total liabilities$804,042 $1,714,653 
The Company elected the fair value option to measure the assets and liabilities of the securitization trusts, which requires that changes in valuations of the securitization trusts be reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The difference between the carrying values of the mortgage loans held in securitization trusts and the carrying value of the mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts was $68.5$39.5 million and $110.1$59.5 million as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, and approximates the fair value of the Company’s retained investments in the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts, which are eliminated in consolidation. Refer to Note 14, “Fair Value” for a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value of assets and liabilities of the Investing VIEs.
The below table presents net income attributable to the Company’s common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 generated from the Company’s investments in the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Statement of OperationsStatement of OperationsStatement of Operations
Interest expenseInterest expense$(75)$(220)$(420)$(761)Interest expense$— $(75)$— $(420)
Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trustsInterest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts20,462 22,586 61,556 99,718 Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts10,806 20,462 41,885 61,556 
Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trustsInterest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(18,204)(20,299)(54,627)(91,690)Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(9,508)(18,204)(36,955)(54,627)
Net interest incomeNet interest income2,183 2,067 6,509 7,267 Net interest income1,298 2,183 4,930 6,509 
Administrative expenseAdministrative expense(274)(225)(969)(915)Administrative expense(225)(274)(1,152)(969)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netUnrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(13,162)(1,976)(41,589)4,602 Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net3,867 (13,162)32,021 (41,589)
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 2,724 0 2,772 
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$(11,253)$2,590 $(36,049)$13,726 
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netRealized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(3,867)— (23,383)— 
Net income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholdersNet income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders$1,073 $(11,253)$12,416 $(36,049)

6. Real Estate, net and Real Estate Held for Sale
The following table presents the Company’s net lease portfolio, net, as of September 30, 2020,2021, and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Land and improvementsLand and improvements$181,409 $209,693 Land and improvements$135,100 $136,184 
Buildings, building leaseholds, and improvementsBuildings, building leaseholds, and improvements762,433 899,889 Buildings, building leaseholds, and improvements567,746 569,610 
Tenant improvementsTenant improvements20,491 25,077 Tenant improvements18,028 16,311 
Construction-in-progressConstruction-in-progress3,144 415 Construction-in-progress660 3,804 
SubtotalSubtotal$967,477 $1,135,074 Subtotal$721,534 $725,909 
Less: Accumulated depreciationLess: Accumulated depreciation(74,055)(63,995)Less: Accumulated depreciation(66,233)(52,201)
Less: Impairment(1)
Less: Impairment(1)
0 (23,911)
Less: Impairment(1)
(34,104)(34,104)
Net lease portfolio, net(2)Net lease portfolio, net(2)$893,422 $1,047,168 Net lease portfolio, net(2)$621,197 $639,604 

(1)See Note 14, “Fair Value,” for discussion of impairment of real estate.
(2)Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current year presentation. See Note 17, “Segment Reporting” for further discussion.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the Company’s portfolio of other real estate, included in its Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio, including foreclosed properties, as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Land and improvementsLand and improvements$59,523 $91,997 Land and improvements$46,269 $53,523 
Buildings, building leaseholds, and improvementsBuildings, building leaseholds, and improvements341,197 536,046 Buildings, building leaseholds, and improvements235,687 262,874 
Tenant improvementsTenant improvements25,128 38,230 Tenant improvements24,883 24,931 
Furniture, fixtures and equipmentFurniture, fixtures and equipment3,791 3,183 Furniture, fixtures and equipment179 4,245 
Construction-in-progressConstruction-in-progress1,806 6,325 Construction-in-progress910 738 
SubtotalSubtotal$431,445 $675,781 Subtotal$307,928 $346,311 
Less: Accumulated depreciationLess: Accumulated depreciation(35,677)(46,079)Less: Accumulated depreciation(28,772)(29,955)
Less: Impairment(1)
Less: Impairment(1)
(155,872)(192,074)
Less: Impairment(1)
(108,407)(116,703)
Other portfolio, net(2)Other portfolio, net(2)$239,896 $437,628 Other portfolio, net(2)$170,749 $199,653 

(1)See Note 14, “Fair Value,” for discussion of impairment of real estate.
(2)Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current year presentation. See Note 17, “Segment Reporting” for further discussion.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company had 0 single propertyproperties with rental and other income equal to or greater than 10.0% of total revenue.
At September 30, 2020 and2021, the Company held 1 foreclosed property included in assets held for sale with a carrying value of $33.4 million. At December 31, 2019,2020, the Company held foreclosed properties which are included in real estate, net with a carrying value of $25.6 million and $50.7 million, respectively. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company held foreclosed properties in assets held for sale of $42.4 million and $57.9 million, respectively.$26.2 million.
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense on real estate was $10.6$6.1 million and $18.1$10.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 20202021 and September 30, 2019,2020, respectively. Depreciation expense on real estate was $32.0$20.0 million and $58.7$32.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
Property Operating Income
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the components of property operating income were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
 September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Lease revenues(1)
Lease revenues(1)
Lease revenues(1)
Minimum lease revenueMinimum lease revenue$35,529 $45,555 $114,691 $135,198 Minimum lease revenue$20,666 $35,529 $63,315 $114,691 
Variable lease revenueVariable lease revenue5,390 6,304 18,080 18,478 Variable lease revenue2,730 5,390 7,959 18,080 
$40,919 $51,859 $132,771 $153,676 $23,396 $40,919 $71,274 $132,771 
Hotel operating incomeHotel operating income910 10,802 4,728 35,324 Hotel operating income2,937 910 5,540 4,728 
$41,829 $62,661 $137,499 $189,000 $26,333 $41,829 $76,814 $137,499 

(1)Excludes de minimis net amortization income related to above and below-market leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Excludes net amortization expense related to above and below-market leases of $0.2 million and income of $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Minimum Future Rents
Minimum rental amounts due under leases are generally either subject to scheduled fixed increases or adjustments. The following table presents approximate future minimum rental income under noncancellable operating leases, excluding variable lease revenue of tenant reimbursements, to be received over the next five years and thereafter as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Remainder of 2020$25,288 
202198,543 
Remainder of 2021Remainder of 2021$21,993 
2022202292,488 202274,780 
2023202378,687 202368,336 
2024202469,665 202463,627 
2025 and thereafter467,422 
2025202557,474 
2026 and thereafter2026 and thereafter417,321 
Total(1)
Total(1)
$832,093 
Total(1)
$703,531 
________________________________________

(1)Excludes minimum future rents for real estate that is classified as held for sale totaling $40.4$2.1 million through 2050.2026.
The following table presents approximate future minimum rental income under noncancellable operating leases, excluding variable lease revenue of tenant reimbursements, to be received over the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
2020$120,967 
20212021113,170 2021$77,716 
20222022102,314 202273,760 
2023202385,367 202366,137 
2024202471,714 202460,657 
2025 and thereafter448,812 
2025202555,152 
2026 and thereafter2026 and thereafter393,964 
Total(1)Total(1)$942,344 Total(1)$727,386 
________________________________________
(1) Excludes minimum future rents that is classified as held for sale totaling $103.6 million through 2050.
The rental properties owned at September 30, 20202021 are leased under noncancellable operating leases with current expirations ranging from 20202021 to 2038, with certain tenant renewal rights. For certain properties, the tenants pay the Company, in addition to the contractual base rent, their pro rata share of real estate taxes and operating expenses. Certain lease agreements provide for periodic rental increases and others provide for increases based on the consumer price index.
Lease Concessions Related to COVID-19
As a result of the COVID-19 crisis, some tenants sought and others may seek more flexible payment terms and the Company is currently engagedhas and will engage with affected tenants on a case-by-case basis to evaluate and respond to the current environment.basis. For lease concessions resulting directly from the impact of COVID-19 that do not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee, for example, where total payments required by the modified contract will be substantially the same as or less than the original contract, the Company made a policy election to account for the concessions as though the enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions existed in the lease contracts, under a relief provided by the FASB. Under the relief, the concessions will not be treated as lease modifications that are accounted for over the remaining term of the respective leases, as the Company believes this would not accurately reflect the temporary economic effect of the concessions. Instead, (i) rent deferrals that meet the criteria will be treated as if no changes were made to the lease contract, with continued recognition of lease income and receivablereceivables under the original terms of the contract; and (ii) rent forgiveness that meets the criteria will be accounted for as variable lease payments in the affected periods.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
Ground Lease Obligation
In connection with real estate acquisitions, the Company assumed certain noncancellable operating ground leases as lessee or sublessee with expiration dates through 2055. Rents on certain ground leases are paid directly by the tenants. Ground rent expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 was $0.8 million and $2.4$2.3 million, respectively. Ground rent expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20192020 was $0.8 million and $2.3$2.4 million, respectively.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Refer to Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies” for the details of future minimum rental payments on noncancellable ground lease on real estate as of September 30, 2020.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Real Estate Asset Acquisitions
The following table summarizes the Company’s real estate asset acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Purchase Price Allocation
Acquisition DateProperty Type and LocationNumber of Buildings
Purchase Price(1)
Land and Improvements(2)
Building and Improvements(2)
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
Lease Intangible Assets(2)
Other AssetsOther Liabilities
Year Ended December 31, 2019
June
Retail - Massachusetts(3)
3$21,919 $9,294 $6,598 $0 $5,256 $1,538 $(767)
January
Various - in U.S.(3)
28105,437 38,145 66,413 0 879 3,223 (3,223)
$127,356 $47,439 $73,011 $0 $6,135 $4,761 $(3,990)

(1)Dollar amounts of purchase price and allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are translated using foreign exchange rate as of the respective dates of acquisitions, where applicable.
(2)Useful life of real estate acquired is 4 to 33 years for buildings, 1 to 20 years for site improvements, 1 to 27 years for tenant improvements, 5 to 7 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment, and 1 to 27 years for lease intangibles.
(3)Represents assets acquired by the Company through foreclosure.
The Company did 0t have any real estate acquisitions in 2020.2021.
Real Estate Held for Sale
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities related liabilitiesto assets held for sale related to real estateat September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
AssetsAssetsAssets
Real estate, netReal estate, net$182,356 $178,564 Real estate, net$44,102 $314,817 
Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, netDeferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net10,109 5,890 Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net116 8,539 
Total assets held for saleTotal assets held for sale$192,465 $184,454 Total assets held for sale$44,218 $323,356 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Intangible liabilities, netIntangible liabilities, net$10,787 $294 Intangible liabilities, net$— $323 
Total liabilities related to assets held for saleTotal liabilities related to assets held for sale$10,787 $294 Total liabilities related to assets held for sale$— $323 
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company classified 1 net lease property as held for sale. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held 1 net lease property and 1 hotel as held for sale. As of December 31, 2020, the Company classified several properties in its Net Leased Real Estateheld 1 net lease property and Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio as held1 net lease industrial portfolio for sale.
There were 0no assets held for sale that constituted discontinued operations as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.2021.
Real Estate Sales
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company completed the sale of an industrial portfolio for a total gross sales price of $335.0 million and a total gain on sale of $11.8 million. This sale did not constitute discontinued operations. There were no sales during the three months ended September 30, 2021.
During three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company completed the sale of 5 properties. Sales included 2 offices, 1 hotel, 1 industrial and 1 retail property for a total gross sales price of $143.4 million and a total gain of $10.8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company completed the sale of 11 properties. Sales included 5 offices, 2 multifamily, 1 hotel, 2 multifamily,1 industrial, 1 retail and 1 manufactured housing property included in the Company’s Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio for a total gross sales price of $185.7$317.1 million and a total loss on salenet gain of $2.1 million. In addition, there was 1 sale of an industrial property in the Company’s Core Portfolio for a total gross sales price of $131.4 million and a total gain on sale of $9.0$6.9 million.
The real estate sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2020These sales did not constitute discontinued operations.
Refer to Note 19, “Subsequent Events” for further detail on additional real estate sales.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
7. Deferred Leasing Costs and Other Intangibles
The Company’s deferred leasing costs, other intangible assets and intangible liabilities, excluding those related to assets held for sale, at September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020September 30, 2021
Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountCarrying AmountAccumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Amount(1)
Deferred Leasing Costs and Intangible AssetsDeferred Leasing Costs and Intangible AssetsDeferred Leasing Costs and Intangible Assets
In-place lease valuesIn-place lease values$94,440 $(35,816)$58,624 In-place lease values$82,585 $(33,541)$49,044 
Deferred leasing costsDeferred leasing costs37,642 (15,035)22,607 Deferred leasing costs29,752 (14,296)15,456 
Above-market lease valuesAbove-market lease values11,733 (7,083)4,650 Above-market lease values10,344 (7,528)2,816 
$143,815 $(57,934)$85,881 $122,681 $(55,365)$67,316 
Intangible LiabilitiesIntangible LiabilitiesIntangible Liabilities
Below-market lease valuesBelow-market lease values$17,591 $(9,148)$8,443 Below-market lease values$16,200 $(9,626)$6,574 

(1)Excludes deferred leasing costs and intangible assets and intangible liabilities related to assets held for sale at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
December 31, 2019
Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Deferred Leasing Costs and Intangible Assets
In-place lease values$115,139 $(39,093)$76,046 
Deferred leasing costs42,345 (13,637)28,708 
Above-market lease values14,318 (6,310)8,008 
$171,802 $(59,040)$112,762 
Intangible Liabilities
Below-market lease values$32,652 $(10,503)$22,149 
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
December 31, 2020
Carrying AmountAccumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Amount(1)
Deferred Leasing Costs and Intangible Assets
In-place lease values$83,239 $(28,558)$54,681 
Deferred leasing costs29,052 (11,860)17,192 
Above-market lease values10,468 (6,641)3,827 
$122,759 $(47,059)$75,700 
Intangible Liabilities
Below-market lease values$16,149 $(8,492)$7,657 

(1)Excludes deferred leasing costs and intangible assets and intangible liabilities related to assets held for sale at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes the amortization of deferred leasing costs, intangible assets and intangible liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Above-market lease valuesAbove-market lease values$(451)$(1,300)$(1,944)$(3,189)Above-market lease values$(327)$(451)$(993)$(1,944)
Below-market lease valuesBelow-market lease values294 2,130 2,353 5,612 Below-market lease values360 294 1,052 2,353 
Net increase (decrease) to property operating incomeNet increase (decrease) to property operating income$(157)$830 $409 $2,423 Net increase (decrease) to property operating income$33 $(157)$59 $409 
In-place lease valuesIn-place lease values$2,588 $5,468 $9,685 $16,922 In-place lease values$1,762 $2,588 $5,390 $9,685 
Deferred leasing costsDeferred leasing costs1,428 2,281 4,669 6,828 Deferred leasing costs842 1,428 2,398 4,669 
Other intangiblesOther intangibles118 120 381 359 Other intangibles— 118 172 381 
Amortization expenseAmortization expense$4,134 $7,869 $14,735 $24,109 Amortization expense$2,604 $4,134 $7,960 $14,735 

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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the amortization of deferred leasing costs, intangible assets and intangible liabilities, excluding those related to assets and liabilities held for sale, for each of the next five years and thereafter as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Remainder of 202020212022202320242025 and thereafterTotal202120222023202420252026 and thereafterTotal
Above-market lease valuesAbove-market lease values$437 $1,533 $1,248 $640 $471 $321 $4,650 Above-market lease values$332 $1,065 $575 $447 $269 $128 $2,816 
Below-market lease valuesBelow-market lease values(432)(1,599)(1,531)(1,415)(1,382)(2,084)(8,443)Below-market lease values(358)(1,384)(1,378)(1,377)(1,376)(701)(6,574)
Net increase (decrease) to property operating incomeNet increase (decrease) to property operating income$5 $(66)$(283)$(775)$(911)$(1,763)$(3,793)Net increase (decrease) to property operating income$(26)$(319)$(803)$(930)$(1,107)$(573)$(3,758)
In-place lease valuesIn-place lease values$2,025 $8,374 $7,321 $5,762 $4,933 $30,209 $58,624 In-place lease values$1,709 $6,098 $5,250 $4,950 $4,265 $26,772 $49,044 
Deferred leasing costsDeferred leasing costs1,272 4,619 3,846 2,963 2,345 7,562 22,607 Deferred leasing costs816 2,932 2,390 2,086 1,699 5,533 15,456 
Amortization expenseAmortization expense$3,297 $12,993 $11,167 $8,725 $7,278 $37,771 $81,231 Amortization expense$2,525 $9,030 $7,640 $7,036 $5,964 $32,305 $64,500 

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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
8. Restricted Cash, Other Assets and Accrued and Other Liabilities
The following table presents a summary of restricted cash as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Restricted cash:Restricted cash:Restricted cash:
Borrower escrow depositsBorrower escrow deposits$37,642 $74,496 Borrower escrow deposits$54,866 $36,973 
Capital expenditure reservesCapital expenditure reserves8,232 6,949 
Real estate escrow reservesReal estate escrow reserves18,469 18,020 Real estate escrow reserves4,736 13,807 
Working capital and other reservesWorking capital and other reserves6,850 4,198 Working capital and other reserves2,229 2,561 
Capital expenditure reserves6,653 8,882 
Tenant lockboxesTenant lockboxes241 4,633 
Margin pledged as collateralMargin pledged as collateral2,633 19,536 Margin pledged as collateral— 290 
Tenant lockboxes812 933 
TotalTotal$73,059 $126,065 Total$70,304 $65,213 
The following table presents a summary of other assets as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Other assets:
Prepaid taxes, tax receivable and deferred tax assets$27,995 $21,989 
Right-of-use lease asset23,228 25,480 
Deferred financing costs, net - credit facilities7,833 8,382 
Prepaid expenses7,139 5,311 
Derivative asset1,981 4,122 
Investment deposits and pending deal costs781 20,779 
Other assets701 1,644 
Total$69,658 $87,707 
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Other assets:
Right-of-use lease asset$25,891 $22,056 
Prepaid taxes and deferred tax assets24,879 26,294 
Prepaid expenses5,898 4,272 
Derivative asset4,389 386 
Deferred financing costs, net - credit facilities3,899 6,440 
Other1,095 1,452 
Total$66,051 $60,900 
The following table presents a summary of accrued and other liabilities as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Accrued and other liabilities:Accrued and other liabilities:Accrued and other liabilities:
Current and deferred tax liabilityCurrent and deferred tax liability$29,240 $31,510 Current and deferred tax liability$33,757 $32,569 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities25,781 28,278 
Operating lease liabilityOperating lease liability23,318 25,495 Operating lease liability26,094 22,186 
Interest payableInterest payable15,938 16,259 Interest payable9,697 14,970 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities13,882 15,083 
Prepaid rent and unearned revenuePrepaid rent and unearned revenue14,382 16,744 Prepaid rent and unearned revenue7,341 9,082 
Unfunded CECL loan allowanceUnfunded CECL loan allowance926 1,313 
Tenant security depositsTenant security deposits1,627 3,005 Tenant security deposits410 1,338 
Unfunded CECL loan allowance1,202 0 
Derivative liability37 19,133 
OtherOther234 37 
TotalTotal$111,525 $140,424 Total$92,341 $96,578 

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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
9. Debt
The following table presents debt as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Capacity ($)
Recourse vs. Non-Recourse(1)
Final
Maturity		Contractual
Interest Rate
Principal
Amount(2)
Carrying Value(2)
Principal Amount(2)
Carrying Value(2)
Securitization bonds payable, net
CLNC 2019-FL1(3)
Non-recourseAug-35 LIBOR + 1.59%$840,423 $834,621 $840,423 $833,153 
Subtotal securitization bonds payable, net840,423 834,621 840,423 833,153 
Mortgage and other notes payable, net
Net lease 6(4)
Non-recourseOct-274.45%23,780 23,780 24,117 24,117 
Net lease 5(5)
Non-recourseNov-264.45%3,373 3,290 3,422 3,329 
Net lease 4(5)
Non-recourseNov-264.45%7,272 7,094 7,384 7,184 
Net lease 3(5)
Non-recourseJun-214.00%12,308 12,268 12,450 12,368 
Net lease 6(5)
Non-recourseJul-23LIBOR + 2.15%1,439 1,405 1,658 1,615 
Net lease 5(4)
Non-recourseAug-264.08%31,439 31,189 31,821 31,539 
Net lease 1(5)(6)
Non-recourseNov-264.45%18,315 17,866 18,579 18,076 
Net lease 1(7)
Non-recourseMar-284.38%12,077 11,639 12,221 11,758 
Net lease 4(4)(8)
Non-recourseApr-21LIBOR + 2.50%0 0 74,916 74,845 
Net lease 1(4)
Non-recourseJul-254.31%250,000 247,270 250,000 246,961 
Net lease 2(4)(9)
Non-recourseJun-253.91%170,112 172,524 181,952 184,532 
Net lease 3(4)
Non-recourseSep-334.77%200,000 198,583 200,000 198,521 
Other real estate 4(5)
Non-recourseDec-234.84%42,383 42,853 42,925 43,407 
Other real estate 2(5)(10)
Non-recourseDec-234.94%0 0 42,443 42,851 
Other real estate 8(5)
Non-recourseJun-303.53%22,880 22,648 15,819 16,324 
Other real estate 10(5)(11)
Non-recourseJun-303.53%12,480 12,306 11,744 11,939 
Other real estate 9(5)
Non-recourseNov-263.98%23,543 22,791 23,885 23,133 
Other real estate 1(5)
Non-recourseOct-244.47%107,317 107,915 108,719 109,475 
Other real estate 3(5)
Non-recourseJan-254.30%74,134 73,548 75,256 74,554 
Other real estate 5(5)(10)
Non-recourseApr-23LIBOR + 4.00%0 0 33,498 32,801 
Other real estate 6(5)(12)
Non-recourseApr-24LIBOR + 2.95%22,788 22,282 21,500 20,825 
Loan 9(13)
Non-recourseJun-24LIBOR + 3.00%71,748 71,748 65,958 65,958 
Subtotal mortgage and other notes payable, net1,107,388 1,102,999 1,260,267 1,256,112 
Bank credit facility
Bank credit facility$450,000 Recourse
Feb-23 (14)
 LIBOR + 2.25%0 0 113,500 113,500 
Subtotal bank credit facility0 0 113,500 113,500 
Master repurchase facilities
Bank 1 facility 3$400,000 
Limited Recourse(15)
Apr-23(16)
 LIBOR + 1.91%(17)103,622 103,622 106,309 106,309 
Bank 2 facility 3(18)
200,000 
Limited Recourse(15)
Oct-22 LIBOR + 2.50%(17)21,353 21,353 22,750 22,750 
Bank 3 facility 3600,000 
Limited Recourse(15)
Apr-22 LIBOR + 2.14%(17)202,952 202,952 265,633 265,633 
Bank 7 facility 1500,000 
Limited Recourse(15)
Apr-22(19)
 LIBOR + 2.01%(17)124,704 124,704 221,421 221,421 
Bank 8 facility 1250,000 
Limited Recourse(15)
Jun-21(20)
 LIBOR + 1.98%(17)130,769 130,769 164,098 164,098 
Bank 9 facility 1300,000 (21)
Nov-23(22)
(23)(17)0 0 0 0 
Subtotal master repurchase facilities$2,250,000 583,400 583,400 780,211 780,211 
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Capacity ($)
Recourse vs. Non-Recourse(1)
Final
Maturity		Contractual
Interest Rate
Principal
Amount(2)
Carrying Value(2)
Principal Amount(2)
Carrying Value(2)
Securitization bonds payable, net
CLNC 2019-FL1(3)
Non-recourseAug-35
 SOFR(4) + 1.59%
$840,423 $836,464 $840,423 $835,153 
    BRSP 2021-FL1(3)
      Non-recourseAug-38  LIBOR + 1.49%670,000 663,759 — — 
Subtotal securitization bonds payable, net1,510,423 1,500,223 840,423 835,153 
Mortgage and other notes payable, net
Net lease 6Non-recourseOct-274.45%23,253 23,253 23,608 23,608 
Net lease 5Non-recourseNov-264.45%3,306 3,236 3,351 3,272 
Net lease 4Non-recourseNov-264.45%7,132 6,983 7,230 7,059 
Net lease 3(5)
Non-recourseOct-216.00%11,967 11,907 12,191 12,163 
Net lease 6Non-recourseJul-23LIBOR + 2.15%986 965 1,364 1,333 
Net lease 5Non-recourseAug-264.08%30,843 30,634 31,244 31,004 
Net lease 1(6)
Non-recourseNov-264.45%17,950 17,574 18,196 17,765 
Net lease 1(7)
Non-recourseMar-284.38%11,828 11,391 12,021 11,584 
Net lease 1Non-recourseJul-254.31%— — 250,000 247,939 
Net lease 2(8)
Non-recourseJun-253.91%183,616 186,220 187,151 189,806 
Net lease 3Non-recourseSep-334.77%200,000 198,667 200,000 198,604 
Other real estate 1Non-recourseOct-244.47%105,690 106,115 107,029 107,596 
Other real estate 3Non-recourseJan-254.30%72,838 72,355 73,905 73,341 
Other real estate 6(9)
Non-recourseApr-24LIBOR + 2.95%30,195 30,054 22,788 22,306 
Loan 9(10))
Non-recourseJun-24LIBOR + 3.00%65,377 65,377 75,377 75,377 
Subtotal mortgage and other notes payable, net764,981 764,731 1,025,455 1,022,757 
Bank credit facility
Bank credit facility$300,000 Recourse
Feb-23 (11)
 LIBOR + 2.25%— — — — 
Subtotal bank credit facility— — — — 
Master repurchase facilities
Bank 1 facility 3$400,000 
Limited Recourse(12)
Apr-26(13)
 LIBOR + 1.94%(14)94,350 94,350 112,509 112,509 
Bank 2 facility 321,353 
Limited Recourse(12)
Oct-22(15)
(16)(14)— — 19,353 19,353 
Bank 3 facility 3600,000 
Limited Recourse(12)
Apr-23(17)
 LIBOR + 1.97%(14)97,312 97,312 196,738 196,738 
Bank 7 facility 1500,000 
Limited Recourse(12)
Apr-25(18)
 LIBOR + 1.86%(14)163,991 163,991 89,912 89,912 
Bank 8 facility 1250,000 
Limited Recourse(12)
Jun-23(19)
 LIBOR + 1.95%(14)148,464 148,464 116,712 116,712 
Bank 9 facility 1300,000 (20)
May-26(21)
 LIBOR + 2.00%(14)54,345 54,345 — — 
Subtotal master repurchase facilities$2,071,353 558,462 558,462 535,224 535,224 
Subtotal credit facilities558,462 558,462 535,224 535,224 
Total$2,833,866 $2,823,416 $2,401,102 $2,393,134 

(1)Subject to customary non-recourse carveouts.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Capacity ($)
Recourse vs. Non-Recourse(1)
Final
Maturity		Contractual
Interest Rate
Principal
Amount(2)
Carrying Value(2)
Principal Amount(2)
Carrying Value(2)
CMBS credit facilities
Bank 1 facility 1Recourse(24)NA(25)0 0 20,375 20,375 
Bank 1 facility 2Recourse(24)NA(25)0 0 18,834 18,834 
Bank 3 facilityRecourse(24) NA(25)0 0 0 0 
Bank 4 facilityRecourse(24) NA(25)0 0 0 0 
Bank 5 facility 1Recourse(24) NA(25)0 0 0 0 
Bank 5 facility 2Recourse(24) NA(25)0 0 0 0 
Bank 6 facility 1Recourse(24)4.25%13,165 13,165 83,584 83,584 
Bank 6 facility 2Recourse(24)4.25%12,067 12,067 82,729 82,729 
Subtotal CMBS credit facilities25,232 25,232 205,522 205,522 
Subtotal credit facilities608,632 608,632 1,099,233 1,099,233 
Total$2,556,443 $2,546,252 $3,199,923 $3,188,498 

(1)Subject to customary non-recourse carveouts.
(2)Difference between principal amount and carrying value of securitization bonds payable, net and mortgage and other notes payable, net is attributable to deferred financing costs, net and premium/discount on mortgage notes payable.
(3)The Company, through indirect Cayman subsidiaries, securitized commercial mortgage loans originated by the Company. Senior notes issued by the securitization trusts were generally sold to third parties and subordinated notes retained by the Company. These securitizations are accounted for as secured financing with the underlying mortgage loans pledged as collateral. Principal payments from underlying collateral loans must be applied to repay the notes until fully paid off, irrespective of the contractual maturities on the notes. Underlying collateral loans have initial terms of two to three years.
(4)RepresentsAs of June 17, 2021, the benchmark index interest rate was converted from LIBOR to compounded SOFR, plus a mortgage note collateralized by an investment in the Company’s Core Portfolio.benchmark adjustment of 11.448 basis points.
(5)Represents a mortgage note collateralized by an investment in the Company’s Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio.The current maturity date is October 2021 and was subsequently extended to November 2021.
(6)Payment terms are periodic payment of principal and interest for debt on 2 properties and periodic payment of interest only with principal at maturity (except for principal repayments to release collateral properties disposed) for debt on 1 property.
(7)Represents a mortgage note collateralized by 3 properties in the Company’s Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio.properties.
(8)Represents a mortgage note that was repaid during the third quarter of 2020 in connection with the sale of the collateralized property.
(9)As of September 30, 2020,2021, the outstanding principal of the mortgage payable was NOK 1.6 billion, which translated to $170.1$186.2 million.
(10)Represents a mortgage note that was repaid during the first quarter of 2020 in connection with the sale of the collateralized properties.
(11)Represents 2 separate senior mortgage notes with a weighted average maturity of December 2020 and weighted average interest rate of 3.53%.
(12)(9)The current maturity of the mortgage payable is April 2022, with 2 one-year extensions available at the Company’s option, which may be subject to the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(13)(10)The current maturity of the note payable is June 2021,2022, with 32 one-year extensions available at the Company’s option, which may be subject to the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents. The loan is included in the Company’s Core Portfolio.
(14)(11)The ability to borrow additional amounts terminates on February 1, 2022 at which time the Company may, at its election, extend the termination date for 2 additional six-month terms.
(15)(12)Recourse solely with respect to 25.0% of the financed amount.
(16)(13)The nextcurrent maturity date is April 2021,2023, with 3 one-year extensions available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(14)Represents the weighted average spread as of September 30, 2021. The contractual interest rate depends upon asset type and characteristics and ranges from one-month London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”) plus 1.50% to 2.60%.
(15)The current maturity date is October 2022. Upon reaching the maturity date the Company did not extend Bank 2 Facility 3 and thus no longer has availability.
(16)The interest rate will be determined by the lender in its sole discretion.
(17)The current maturity date is April 2022, with a one-year extension available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(18)The current maturity date is April 2024, with a one-year extension available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(19)The current maturity date is June 2022, with a one-year extension available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(20)Recourse is either 25.0% or 50.0% depending on loan metrics.
(21)The current maturity date is May 2024, with 2 one-year extensions available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(17)Represents the weighted average spread as of September 30, 2020. The contractual interest rate depends upon asset type and characteristics and ranges from one-month London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”) plus 1.50% to 2.60%.
(18)The next maturity date is October 2020, with 2 one-year extension options available, which may be subject to the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents. Subsequent to September 30, 2020, the Company exercised a one-year extension option to October 2021 and reduced the capacity of Bank 2 Facility 3 to $21.4 million.
(19)The next maturity date is April 2021, with a one-year extension available, which may be subject to the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(20)The next maturity date is June 2021, with a one-year extension available, which may be subject to the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(21)Recourse is either 25.0% or 50.0% depending on loan metrics.
(22)The next maturity date is November 2021, with 2 one-year extension options available, which may be subject to the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.
(23)The interest rate will be determined by the lender in its sole discretion.
(24)The maturity dates on the CMBS Credit Facilities are dependent upon asset type and will typically range from one to six months.
(25)CMBS Credit Facilities are undrawn and fully available.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Future Minimum Principal Payments
The following table summarizes future scheduled minimum principal payments at September 30, 20202021 based on initial maturity dates or extended maturity dates to the extent criteria are met and the extension option is at the borrower’s discretion (dollars in thousands):
TotalSecuritization Bonds Payable, Net
Mortgage Notes Payable, Net(1)
Credit Facilities(1)
Remainder of 2020$25,904 $0 $672 $25,232 
2021145,401 0 14,632 130,769 
2022351,529 0 2,520 349,009 
2023148,532 0 44,910 103,622 
2024204,072 0 204,072 0 
2025 and thereafter1,681,005 840,423 840,582 0 
Total$2,556,443 $840,423 $1,107,388 $608,632 

(1)Includes $101.3 million of future minimum principal payments related to assets held for sale.
TotalSecuritization Bonds Payable, NetMortgage Notes Payable, NetCredit Facilities
Remainder of 2021$12,577 $— $12,577 $— 
20222,520 — 2,520 — 
2023248,303 — 2,527 245,776 
2024203,481 — 203,481 — 
2025422,721 — 258,730 163,991 
2026 and thereafter1,944,264 1,510,423 285,146 148,695 
Total$2,833,866 $1,510,423 $764,981 $558,462 
Bank Credit Facility
On February 1, 2018, the Company, through subsidiaries, including the OP, entered into a credit agreement with several lenders to provide a revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $400.0 million (the “Bank Credit Facility”). On December 17, 2018, the aggregate amount of revolving commitments was increased to $525.0 million and on February 4, 2019, the aggregate amount of revolving commitments was increased to $560.0 million. On May 6, 2020 these commitments were reduced to $450.0 million.million and further reduced to $300.0 million on April 4, 2021. The Bank Credit Facility will mature on February 1, 2022, unless the OP elects to extend the maturity date for up to 2 additional six-month terms.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The maximum amount available for borrowing at any time under the Bank Credit Facility is limited to a borrowing base valuation of certain investment assets, with the valuation of such investment assets generally determined according to a percentage of adjusted net book value. At September 30, 2020,2021, the borrowing base valuation was sufficient to support the borrowing of up to $195.0$157.8 million.
Advances under the Bank Credit Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the applicable borrower’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin of 2.25%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin of 1.25%. The Company pays a commitment fee of 0.25% or 0.35% per annum of the unused amount (0.35%) at September 30, 2020,2021, depending upon the amount of facility utilization.
Substantially all material wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company guarantee the obligations of the Company and any other borrowers under the Bank Credit Facility. As security for the advances under the Bank Credit Facility, the Company pledged substantially all equity interests it owns and granted a security interest in deposit accounts in which the proceeds of investment asset distributions are maintained.
The Bank Credit Facility contains various affirmative and negative covenants including financial covenants that require the Company to maintain minimum tangible net worth, liquidity levels and financial ratios, as specified in the Bank Credit Facility.
On May 6, 2020,April 5, 2021, the Company amended theentered into a fourth amendment to its Bank Credit Facility to: (i) permit the OP to among other things, (i)consummate the Internalization; (ii) reduce the minimum tangible net worth covenant torequirement from $1.5 billion providing portfolio management flexibilitiesto $1.35 billion upon consummation of the Internalization; (iii) increase the Company’s ability to make restricted payments including additional dividends and stock buybacks and remove all material restrictions on new investments, in each case, so long as a resultno default exists and the OP is in compliance with the financial covenants; (iv) increase the maximum amount available for borrowing from 90% to 100% of any disruptions in investments caused by COVID-19 or other factors; (ii)borrowing base value; and (v) reduce the facility size toaggregate amount of lender commitments from $450.0 million (iii) limit dividends in line with taxable income and restrict stock repurchases, each for liquidity preservation purposes, and (iv) focus new investments on senior mortgages.to $300.0 million. At September 30, 2020,2021, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants.
Securitization Financing Transactions
Securitization bonds payable, net represent debt issued by securitization vehicles consolidated by the Company. Senior notes issued by these securitization trusts were generally sold to third parties and subordinated notes retained by the Company. Payments from underlying collateral loans must be applied to repay the notes until fully paid off, irrespective of the contractual maturities of the loans.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
CLNC 2019-FL1
In October 2019, the Company executed a securitization transaction, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, CLNC 2019-FL1, Ltd. and CLNC 2019-FL1, LLC (collectively, “CLNC 2019-FL1”), which resulted in the sale of $840.4 million of investment grade notes. The securitization reflects an advance rate of 83.5% at a weighted average cost of funds of LIBORSOFR plus 1.59% (before transaction expenses), and is collateralized by a pool of 2124 senior loans originatedloan investments.
On March 5, 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority of the U.K. (the “FCA”) announced that LIBOR tenors relevant to CLNC 2019-FL1 would cease to be published or no longer be representative after June 30, 2023. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (the “ARRC”) interpreted this announcement to constitute a benchmark transition event. As of June 17, 2021, the benchmark index interest rate was converted from LIBOR to SOFR, plus a benchmark adjustment of 11.448 basis points with a lookback period equal to the number of calendar days in the applicable Interest Accrual Period plus two SOFR business days, conforming with the indenture agreement and recommendations from the ARRC. Compounded SOFR for any interest accrual period shall be the “30-Day Average SOFR” as published by the Company.Federal Reserve Bank of New York on each benchmark determination date.
CLNC 2019-FL1 includesincluded a two-year reinvestment feature that allows usallowed the Company to contribute existing or newly originated loan investments in exchange for proceeds from repayments or repurchases of loans held in CLNC 2019-FL1, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. In addition to existing eligible loans available for reinvestment, the continued origination of securitization eligible loans is required to ensure that we reinvestthe Company reinvests the available proceeds within CLNC 2019-FL1. The reinvestment period for CLNC 2019-FL1 expired on October 19, 2021 and principal proceeds from underlying loans will be used to amortize the securitization bonds payable going forward.
Additionally, CLNC 2019-FL1 contains note protection tests that can be triggered as a result of contributed loan defaults, losses, and certain other events outlined in the indenture, beyond established thresholds. A note protection test failure that is not remedied can result in the redirection of interest proceeds from the below investment grade tranches to amortize the most senior
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
outstanding tranche. While we continuethe Company continues to closely monitor all loan investments contributed to CLNC 2019-FL1, a deterioration in the performance of an underlying loan could negatively impact its liquidity position.
BRSP 2021-FL1
In July 2021, the Company executed a securitization transaction through wholly-owned subsidiaries, BRSP 2021-FL1, Ltd. and BRSP 2021-FL1, LLC (collectively, “BRSP 2021-FL1”), which resulted in the sale of $670 million of investment grade notes. The securitization reflects an advance rate of 83.75% at a weighted costs of funds of LIBOR plus 1.49% (before transaction costs), and is collateralized by a pool of 33 senior loan investments.
BRSP 2021-FL1 includes a two-year reinvestment feature that allows us to contribute existing or newly originated loan investments in exchange for proceeds from repayments or repurchases of loans held in BRSP 2021-FL1, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. In addition to existing eligible loans available for reinvestment, the continued origination of securitization eligible loans is required to ensure that we reinvest the available proceeds within BRSP 2021-FL1.
Additionally, BRSP 2021-FL1 contains note protection tests that can be triggered as a result of contributed loan defaults, losses, and certain other events outlined in the indenture, beyond established thresholds. A note protection test failure that is not remedied can result in the redirection of interest proceeds from the below investment grade tranches to amortize the most senior outstanding tranche. We will continue to closely monitor all loan investments contributed to BRSP 2021-FL1, a deterioration in the performance of an underlying loan could negatively impact our liquidity position.
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company had $1.0$1.8 billion carrying value of CRE debt investments and other assets financed with $840.4 million$1.5 billion of securitization bonds payable, net.
Master Repurchase Facilities
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company, through subsidiaries, had entered into repurchase agreements with multiple global financial institutions to provide an aggregate principal amount of up to $2.3$2.1 billion to finance the origination of first mortgage loans and senior loan participations secured by CRE debt investments (“Master Repurchase Facilities”). The Company agreed to guarantee certain obligations under the Master Repurchase Facilities, which contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of this type. The Master Repurchase Facilities act as revolving loan facilities that can be paid down as assets are repaid or sold and re-drawn upon for new investments. As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Master Repurchase Facilities.
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company had $869.0$752.1 million carrying value of CRE debt investments financed with $583.4$558.5 million under the master repurchase facilities.
On May 7, 2020,During the first quarter of 2021, the Company amended all 6 ofentered into an amendment under its Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 3 and Bank 7 to extend the maturity date by two years and three years, respectively.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an amendment under its Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 1, Bank 8 and Bank 9 to extend the maturity date by three years, two years and two and a half years, respectively.
Additionally, during the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into amendments under its 6 Master Repurchase Facilities to: (i) permit the guarantor and the OP to consummate the Internalization; and (ii) reduce the minimum tangible net worth covenant consistent withrequirement from $1.5 billion to $1.35 billion upon consummation of the Bank Credit Facility. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company received and timely paid a margin call on a hospitality loan and made voluntarily paydowns on 2 other hospitality and 1 retail loan. The lender granted the Company a holiday from future margin calls for four months, and it obtained broader discretion to enter into permitted modifications with the borrowers on these 3 specific loans, if necessary.
In May, the Company entered into agreements to modify 2 of its Master Repurchase Facilities pursuant to which the Company reduced facility advances corresponding to 10 senior mortgage loans financed under such facilities. The Company and its lender counterparties agreed to temporary modifications providing for margin holidays from future margin calls or buffers before further margin calls are possible, as well as providing additional protections before certain repurchase obligations may be triggered. The Company was also provided broader discretion to negotiate with its borrowers to implement certain modifications to the underlying loans during such period. These holiday periods are scheduled to expire in the fourth quarter of 2020. Additionally, during the third quarter and fourth quarter of 2020, the Company made voluntarily paydowns on a hospitality loan and a self-storage loan, respectively. In exchange for the paydown on the self-storage loan, the lender granted the Company a holiday from future margin calls for four months, and the Company obtained broader approval to enter into a permitted modification with the borrower.Internalization.
Subsequent to September 30, 2020,2021 the Company exercised a one-year extension option onrepaid approximately $23.3 million under its master repurchase facilities. Additionally, upon reaching the maturity date of Bank 2 Facility 3 extendingin October 2021 the maturityCompany did not exercise any extension options and thus no longer has availability to October 2021. The Company additionally reduced the capacity from $200.0 million to $21.4 million.draw funds.
CMBS Credit Facilities
As of September 30, 2020,2021 the Company had entered into 8 master repurchase agreements (collectively the “CMBS Credit Facilities”) to finance CMBS investments. The CMBS Credit Facilities are on a recourse basis and contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of this type. AsThe CMBS Credit Facilities were undrawn as of September 30, 2020, the Company had $36.3 million carrying value of CRE securities financed with $18.42021 and December 31, 2020.
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(Unaudited)
million under its CMBS Credit Facilities. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $21.6 million carrying value of underlying investments in the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts financed with $6.8 million under its CMBS Credit Facilities.
During the first quarter, the Company received and paid margin calls on its CMBS Credit Facilities of $48.9 million. During the second quarter, the Company consolidated its CMBS Credit Facilities borrowings with one existing counterparty bank. In connection with the consolidation, the Company paid down the CMBS Credit Facilities borrowing advance rate to a blended borrowing advance rate of 62% and extended the repurchase date on all such borrowings first to June 30, 2020 and then to December 31, 2020. This $73.9 million paydown allowed for a 15% additional loss on a bond specific basis before further margin calls. As of November 5, 2020, the Company had $18.6 million outstanding under its CMBS Credit Facilities. The consolidated facility bears a fixed interest rate of 4.25%. Refer to Note 19 “Subsequent Events” for further details on CMBS sales and repayment of the CMBS Credit Facility.
10. Related Party Arrangements
Management Agreement
On January 31, 2018, the Company and the OP entered into a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager managesmanaged the Company’s assets and its day-to-day operations. The Manager iswas responsible for, among other matters, (1) the selection, origination, acquisition, management and sale of the Company’s portfolio investments, (2) the Company’s financing activities and (3) providing the Company with investment advisory services. The Manager iswas also responsible for the Company’s day-to-day operations and will performperformed (or willwould cause to be performed) such services and activities relating to the Company’s investments and business and affairs as may be appropriate. The Management Agreement requiresrequired the Manager to manage the Company’s business affairs in conformity with the investment guidelines and other policies that are approved and monitored by the Board of Directors. Each of the Company’s executive officers iswas also an employee of the Manager or its affiliates. The Manager’s role as Manager will bewas under the supervision and direction of the Company’s Board of Directors.
The initial term of the Management Agreement expiresexpired on the third anniversary of the Closing Dateclosing date of the Combination, January 31, 2018 (the “Closing Date”), and willwould be automatically renewed for a one-year term each anniversary date thereafter unless earlier terminated as described below. The Company’s independent directors reviewreviewed the Manager’s performance and the fees that may be payable to the Manager annually and, following the initial term, the Management Agreement maycould be terminated if there has beenwas an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Company’s independent directors determining that (1) there hashad been unsatisfactory performance by the Manager that is materially detrimental to the Company or (2) the compensation payable to the Manager, in the form of base management fees and incentive fees taken as a whole, or the amount thereof, iswas not fair to the Company, subject to the Manager’s right to prevent such termination due to unfair fees by accepting reduced compensation as agreed to by at least two-thirds of the Company’s independent directors. The Company mustwas required to provide the Manager 180 days’ prior written notice of any such termination.
The Company maycould also terminate the Management Agreement for cause (as defined in the Management Agreement) at any time, including during the initial term, without the payment of any termination fee, with at least 30 days’ prior written notice from the Company’s Board of Directors. Unless terminated for cause, the Manager willwould be paid a termination fee as described below. The Manager maycould terminate the Management Agreement if the Company becomeswas required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act with such termination deemed to occur immediately before such event, in which case the Company would not be required to pay a termination fee. The Manager may declinecould have declined to renew the Management Agreement by providing the Company with 180 days’ prior written notice, in which case the Company would not be required to pay a termination fee. The Manager maycould also terminate the Management Agreement with at least 60 days’ prior written notice if the Company breachesbreached the Management Agreement in any material respect or otherwise iswas unable to perform its obligations thereunder and the breach continuescontinued for a period of 30 days after written notice to the Company, in which case the Manager willwould be paid a termination fee as described below.
In November 2019, the Manager, the Company and the OP amended and restated the Management Agreement to modify the “Core Earnings” definition, providing that “unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments” shall only be applied as exclusions from the definition of Core Earnings if approved by a majority of the independent directors of the Company. Such change became effective during the fourth quarter of 2019 and resultsresulted in a reduction to Core Earnings which thereby reducesreduced the annual management fee and any incentive fee paid by the Company due to accumulated unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments to date.
Internalization
On April 30, 2021, the Company completed the Internalization, including the internalization of the Company’s management and operating functions and terminated its relationship with its Manager, a subsidiary of DigitalBridge, in accordance with the Termination Agreement. The Company paid the Manager a one-time termination fee of $102.3 million and additional closing costs of $0.3 million. The Company will not pay management or incentive fees to the Manager for any post-closing period. Refer to Note 1, “Business and Organization,” for further details.
Fees to Manager
Base Management Fee
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer pays a base management fee to the Manager.
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(Unaudited)
Fees to Manager
Base Management Fee
The base management fee payable to the Manager isunder the Management Agreement was equal to 1.5% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement), per annum (0.375% per quarter), payable quarterly in arrears in cash. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the Company’s stockholders’ equity means: (a) the sum of (1) the net proceeds received by the Company (or, without duplication, the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP) from all issuances of the Company’s or such subsidiaries’ common and preferred equity securities since inception (allocated on a pro rata basis for such issuances during the calendar quarter of any such issuance), plus (2) the Company’s cumulative Core Earnings (as(as defined in the Management Agreement) from and after the Closing Date to the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter, less (b)(1) any distributions to the Company’s common stockholders (or owners of common equity of the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP, other than the Company or any of such subsidiaries), (2) any amount that the Company or any of the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP, have paid to (x) repurchase for cash the Company’s common stock or common equity securities of such subsidiaries or (y) repurchase or redeem for cash the Company’s preferred equity securities or preferred equity securities of such subsidiaries, in each case since the Closing Date and (3) any incentive fee (as described below) paid to the Manager since the Closing Date.
The Company did not incur any management fee expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and incurred $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the total management fee expense incurred was $7.1 million and $22.2 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the total management fee expense incurred was $11.4 million and $34.1 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $7.2 million and $8.4 million, respectively, of unpaid management fee were included in due to related party in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Incentive Fee
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer pays an incentive fee to the Manager.
The incentive fee payable to the Manager isunder the Management Agreement was equal to the difference between (i) the product of (a) 20% and (b) the difference between (1)(1) Core Earnings (as(as defined in the Management Agreement) for the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), including the current quarter, and (2) the product of (A) common equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) in the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), and (B) 7% per annum and (ii) the sum of any incentive fee paid to the Manager with respect to the first three calendar quarters of the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), provided, however, that no incentive fee is payable with respect to any calendar quarter unlessunless Core Earnings (as(as defined in the Management Agreement) is greater than zero for the most recently completed 12 calendar quarters (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 calendar quarters since the Closing Date).
The Company did 0tnot incur any incentive fees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.
Reimbursements of Expenses
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer reimburses expenses incurred by the Manager.
Reimbursement of expenses related to the Company incurred by the Manager, including legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other services arewere paid on the Company’s behalf by the OP or its designee(s). The Company reimbursesreimbursed the Manager for the Company’s allocable share of the salaries and other compensation of the Company’s chief financial officer and certain of its affiliates’ non-investment personnel who spendspent all or a portion of their time managing the Company’s affairs, and the Company’s share of such costs arewere based upon the percentage of such time devoted by personnel of the Manager (or its affiliates) to the Company’s affairs. The Company may behave been required to pay the Company’s pro rata portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Manager and its affiliates required for the Company’s operations.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Manager did not incur any expenses on behalf of the Company that were reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the total reimbursements of expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company and reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement was $3.1 million, and are included in administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the total reimbursements of expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company and reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement was $2.0 million and $7.1 million, respectively, and are included in administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the total reimbursements of expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company and reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement was $2.5 million and $8.1 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019,2020, there were $2.0 million andwas $2.7 million respectively, of unpaid expenses included in due to related party in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Equity Plan Grants
In January 2021, the Company granted 1,420,000 shares of restricted stock and 276,000 PSUs to certain employees of the Manager under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). Following the Internalization, these employees became
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(Unaudited)
Equity Plan Grants
employees of the Company. In April 2020, the Company granted 143,000 shares to its chief executive officer, an employee of the Manager, under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan").officer. In March 2019, the Company granted 800,000 shares to the Manager and/or employees thereof under the 2018 Plan. In March 2018, the Company granted 978,946 shares to its non-independent directors, officers and the Manager and/or employees thereof under the 2018 Plan. 927,4141,550,862 shares remain granted and unvested as of September 30, 2020.2021. See Note 11, “Equity-Based Compensation” for further discussion on the 2018 Plan including shares issued to independent directors of the Company. In connection with these grants, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $2.6 million and $12.1 million within administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and $3.0 million to its Manager within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $2.8 million and $7.1 million to its Manager within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
Colony Capital, Inc. Internalization Discussions with the Company
As previously disclosed, the Company’s Board of Directors formed a special committee consisting exclusively of independent and disinterested directors (the “Special Committee”) to explore an internalization proposal made by Colony Capital as well as other strategic alternatives. Subsequently, due to ongoing uncertainty surrounding the duration and magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the global economy, on April 1, 2020, Colony Capital reported in Amendment No. 3 to Schedule 13D (filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) that it has postponed any decision regarding a disposition of its management agreement with the Company until market conditions improve. The Special Committee has continued to explore alternatives but has been unable to negotiate mutually acceptable terms with Colony Capital. The Special Committee will continue to consider value-enhancing alternatives for the Company as opportunities arise.
Investment Activity
All investment acquisitions are approved in accordance with the Company’s investment and related party guidelines, which may include approval by either the audit committee or disinterested members of the Company’s Board of Directors. No investment by the Company will require approval under the related party transaction policy solely because such investment constitutes a co-investment made by and between the Company and any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and one or more investment vehicles formed, sponsored, or managed by an affiliate of the Manager on the other hand.
In July 2017, NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc., a Maryland corporation which merged with and into the Company as part of the Company’s formation transactions (“NorthStar II”), entered into a joint venture with an affiliate of the Manager to make a $60.0 million investment in a $180.0 million mezzanine loan which was originated by such affiliate of the Manager. The transaction was approved by NorthStar II’s board of directors, including all of its independent directors. The investment was purchased by the Company in connection with the Combination. In June 2018, the Company increased its commitment to $101.8 million in connection with the joint venture bifurcating the mezzanine loan into a mezzanine loan and a preferred equity investment. The Company’s interest in both the underlying mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment is 31.8%, and the affiliate entities own the remaining 68.2%. Both the underlying mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment carry a fixed 13.0% interest rate. This investment is recorded in investments in unconsolidated ventures in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In July 2019, the Company increased its commitment in the mezzanine loan from $101.8 million to $189.0 million. The Company’s interest in the upsized mezzanine loan is 45.2% and it carries a fixed 13.0% interest rate. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company made its pro-rata share of two protective advances to the senior mortgage lender totaling $28.5 million. The Company placed this investment on nonaccrual status as of April 1, 2020. In September 2020 the Company’s mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment was converted into a mezzanine participation. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
In May 2018, the Company acquired an $89.1 million (at par) preferred equity investment in an investment vehicle that owns a seven-property office portfolio located in the New York metropolitan area from an affiliate of the Company’s Manager. The affiliate has a 27.2% ownership interest in the borrower. The preferred equity investment carries a fixed 12.0% interest rate. This investment is recorded in loans and preferred equity held for investment, net in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In July 2020, the Company accepted a discounted payoff and recognized an impairment loss of $20.6 million. See Note 3, “Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net” for further information.
In July 2018, the Company acquired a $326.8 million Class A office campus located in Norway from an affiliate of the Company’s Manager. In connection with the purchase, the Company assumed senior mortgage financing from a private bond issuance of $197.7 million. The bonds have a five-year term remaining, and carry a fixed interest rate of 3.91%.
In July 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture to invest in a development project for land and a Grade A office building in Ireland. The Company agreed to invest up to $69.9 million of the $139.7 million total commitment. The Company co-
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(Unaudited)
investedco-invested along with two affiliates of the Manager, with the Company owning 50.0% of the joint venture and the affiliate entities owning the remaining 50.0%. The joint venture invested in a senior mortgage loan of $66.7 million with a fixed interest rate of 12.5% and a maturity date of 3.5 years from origination and common equity. This investment is included as part of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
In October 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture to invest in a mixed-use development project in Ireland. The Company agreed to invest up to $162.4 million of the $266.5 million total commitment. The Company co-invested along with two affiliates of the Manager, with the Company owning 61.0% of the joint venture and the affiliate entities owning the remaining 39.0%. The joint venture invested in a senior mortgage loan with a fixed interest rate of 15.0% and a maturity date of two years from origination. The Company placed this investment on nonaccrual status as of July 1, 2020. This investment is included as part of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
In October 2018, the Company acquired a $20.0 million mezzanine loan from an affiliate of the Company’s Manager, secured by a pledge of an ownership interest in a luxury condominium development project located in New York, NY. The loan bears interest at 9.5% plus LIBOR. The borrower repaid the loan in February 2020.
11. Equity-Based Compensation
On January 29, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of awards with respect to 4.0 million shares of the Class A common stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Plan. Awards may be granted under the 2018 Plan to (x) the Manager or any employee, officer, director, consultant or advisor (who is a natural person) providing services to the Company, the Manager or their affiliates and (y) any other individual whose
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(Unaudited)
participation in the 2018 Plan is determined to be in the best interests of the Company. The following types of awards may be made under the 2018 Plan, subject to the limitations set forth in the plan: (i) stock options (which may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options); (ii) stock appreciation rights; (iii) restricted stock awards; (iv) stock units; (v) unrestricted stock awards; (vi) dividend equivalent rights; (vii) performance awards; (viii) annual cash incentive awards; (ix) long-term incentive units; and (x) other equity-based awards.
Shares subject to an award granted under the 2018 Plan will be counted against the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance thereunder as one share of Class A common stock for every one share of Class A common stock subject to such an award. Shares subject to an award granted under the 2018 Plan will again become available for issuance under the 2018 Plan if the award terminates by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or otherwise without the issuance of such shares (except as set forth in the following sentence). The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan will not be increased by (i) any shares tendered or withheld in connection with the purchase of shares upon exercise of a stock option, (ii) any shares deducted or delivered in connection with the Company’s tax withholding obligations, or (iii) any shares purchased by the Company with proceeds from stock option exercises. The shares granted in May 2020 to the independent directors of the Company under the 2018 Plan vested in May 2021. The shares granted in June 2021 to the independent directors, and in October to the newly appointed independent director, of the Company under the 2018 Plan vest in May 2021.2022. Shares granted to non-independent directors, officers and the Manager under the 2018 Plan vest ratably in three annual installments.
Restricted Stock—Restricted stock awards relating to the Company’s class A common stock are granted to certain employees of the Manager and independent directors of the Company, with a service condition only and are generally subject to annual time-based vesting in equal tranches over a three-year period. Restricted stock is entitled to dividends declared and paid on the Company’s class A common stock and such dividends are not forfeitable prior to vesting of the award. Restricted stock awards are valued based on the Company’s class A common stock price on grant date and equity-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite three-year service period. Some employees of the Manager who were granted restricted stock under the 2018 Plan became employees of the Company following the Internalization on April 30, 2021. The shares held by substantially all remaining employees of the Manager vested following the Internalization.
Performance Stock Units (“PSU”)—PSUs are granted to certain employees of the Company and are subject to both a service condition and a performance condition. Following the end of the measurement period for the PSUs, the recipients of PSUs may be eligible to vest in all or a portion of PSUs granted, and be issued a number of shares of the Company’s class A common stock, ranging from 0% to 200% of the number of PSUs granted and eligible to vest, to be determined based upon the performance of the Company's class A common stock relative to the Company’s GAAP book value at the end of a two-year measurement period. PSUs also contain dividend equivalent rights which entitle the recipients to a payment equal to the amount of dividends that would have been paid on the shares that are ultimately issued at the end of the measurement period.
Fair value of PSUs, including dividend equivalent rights, was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, with the following assumptions:
2021 Grant
Expected volatility(1)
86.6 %
Risk free rate(2)
0.1 %
Expected dividend yield(3)
— 

(1)Based upon the Company’s historical stock volatility.
(2)Based upon the continuously compounded zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield for the term coinciding with the measurement period of the award as of valuation date.
(3)Based upon the dividend yield in place as of the grant date.
Fair value of PSU awards, excluding dividend equivalent rights, is recognized on a straight-line basis over their measurement period as compensation expense, and is subject to reversal if the performance condition is not achieved.
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The table below summarizes ourthe Company’s awards granted, forfeited or vested under the 2018 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:2021:
Number of Shares
Restricted StockTotalWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested Shares at December 31, 20191,335,590 1,335,590 $17.79 
Granted237,340 237,340 3.70 
Vested(452,438)(452,438)17.34 
Forfeited(193,078)(193,078)17.21 
Unvested shares at September 30, 2020927,414 927,414 $16.14 
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted StockPSUsTotalRestricted StockPSUs
Unvested shares at December 31, 2020885,070 — 885,070 $16.16 $— 
Granted1,458,060 276,000 1,734,060 8.35 11.96 
Vested(792,268)(4,000)(796,268)15.64 11.96 
Unvested shares at September 30, 20211,550,862 272,000 1,822,862 12.40 11.96 
Fair value of equity awards that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and September 30, 2019,2020, determined based on their respective fair values at vesting date, was $2.7$3.9 million and $4.7$2.7 million, respectively. Fair value of granted awards is determined based on the closing price of the Class A common stock on the date of grant of the awards. Equity-based compensation is classified within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
At September 30, 2020,2021, aggregate unrecognized compensation cost for all unvested equity awards was $6.0$10.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.32.1 years.
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12. Stockholders’ Equity
Authorized Capital
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company had the authority to issue up to 1.0 billion shares of stock, at $0.01 par value per share, consisting of 950.0 million shares of Class A common stock and 50.0 million shares of preferred stock. On February 1, 2019, the Class B-3 common stock automatically converted to Class A common stock and each unissued share of Class B-3 common stock was automatically reclassified as one share of Class A common stock.
The Company had 0no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020.2021.
Dividends
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, the Company declared the following dividends on its common stock:
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DatePer Share
January 15, 2020February 24, 2021JanuaryMarch 31, 20202021February 10, 2020April 15, 2021$0.10
February 14, 2020April 30, 2021February 29, 2020June 30, 2021March 10, 2020July 15, 2021$0.100.14
March 16, 2020August 4, 2021March 31, 2020September 30, 2021April 10, 2020October 15, 2021$0.100.16
The Company and itsSubsequent to September 30, 2021, the Board of Directors suspendedapproved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.18 per share for the Company’s monthly stock dividend beginning with the monthly period ended April 30, 2020.
Stock Repurchase Program
The Company’s Boardfourth quarter of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”), under which the Company could repurchase up2021, payable on January 14, 2022 to $300.0 millionstockholders of its outstanding Class A common stock until Marchrecord on December 31, 2020. On February 18, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to extend the Stock Repurchase Program through March 31, 2021. Under the Stock Repurchase Program, the Company may repurchase shares in open market purchases, through tender offers or otherwise in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
As of September 30, 2020, the Company had 0t repurchased any shares under the Stock Repurchase Program.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present the changes in each component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”) attributable to stockholders and noncontrolling interests in the OP, net of immaterial tax effect.
Changes in Components of AOCI - Stockholders
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$15,909 $25,872 $(13,487)$28,294 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(73,273)21,255 (18,981)(70,999)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(57,364)$47,127 $(32,468)$(42,705)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification(26,905)0 10,581 (16,324)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI84,269 0 0 84,269 
Net current period OCI57,364 0 10,581 67,945 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$0 $47,127 $(21,887)$25,240 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification6,018 0 11,443 17,461 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1,748)0 0 (1,748)
Net current period OCI4,270 0 11,443 15,713 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$4,270 $47,127 $(10,444)$40,953 
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(Unaudited)
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2018$(1,295)$11,037 $(10,141)$(399)
Other comprehensive income (loss)9,530 7,222 (3,233)13,519 
AOCI at March 31, 2019$8,235 $18,259 $(13,374)$13,120 
Other comprehensive income7,679 916 3,832 12,427 
AOCI at June 30, 2019$15,914 $19,175 $(9,542)$25,547 
Other comprehensive income (loss)4,983 12,492 (14,107)3,368 
AOCI at September 30, 2019$20,897 $31,667 $(23,649)$28,915 

Changes in Components of AOCI - Noncontrolling Interests in the OPStockholders
(in thousands)(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$612 $893 $(801)$704 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,756)509 (455)(1,702)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(1,144)$1,402 $(1,256)$(998)
AOCI at December 31, 2020AOCI at December 31, 2020$275 $47,127 $7,186 $54,588 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassificationOther comprehensive loss before reclassification(1,035)— (7,547)(8,582)
Amounts reclassified from AOCIAmounts reclassified from AOCI760 — — 760 
Net current period OCINet current period OCI(275)— (7,547)(7,822)
AOCI at March 31, 2021AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $47,127 $(361)$46,766 
Other comprehensive income before reclassificationOther comprehensive income before reclassification(872)0 259 (613)Other comprehensive income before reclassification— — 1,966 1,966 
Amounts reclassified from AOCIAmounts reclassified from AOCI2,016 0 0 2,016 Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCINet current period OCI1,144 0 259 1,403 Net current period OCI— — 1,966 1,966 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$0 $1,402 $(997)$405 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification63 0 298 361 
AOCI at June 30, 2021AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $47,127 $1,605 $48,732 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassificationOther comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (3,926)(3,926)
Amounts reclassified from AOCIAmounts reclassified from AOCI(42)0 0 (42)Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCINet current period OCI21 0 298 319 Net current period OCI— — (3,926)(3,926)
AOCI at September 30, 2020$21 $1,402 $(699)$724 
AOCI at September 30, 2021AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $47,127 $(2,321)$44,806 
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2018$(32)$268 $(246)$(10)
Other comprehensive income (loss)228 173 (77)324 
AOCI at March 31, 2019$196 $441 $(323)$314 
Other comprehensive income184 22 91 297 
AOCI at June 30, 2019$380 $463 $(232)$611 
Other comprehensive income (loss)119 299 (338)80 
AOCI at September 30, 2019$499 $762 $(570)$691 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$15,909 $25,872 $(13,487)$28,294 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(73,273)21,255 (18,981)(70,999)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(57,364)$47,127 $(32,468)$(42,705)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification(26,905)— 10,581 (16,324)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI84,269 — — 84,269 
Net current period OCI57,364 — 10,581 67,945 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $47,127 $(21,887)$25,240 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification6,018 — 11,443 17,461 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1,748)— — (1,748)
Net current period OCI4,270 — 11,443 15,713 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$4,270 $47,127 $(10,444)$40,953 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Changes in Components of AOCI - Noncontrolling Interests in the OP
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation lossTotal
AOCI at December 31, 2020$(73)$1,403 $(272)$1,058 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification98 — (210)(112)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(25)— — (25)
Net current period OCI73 — (210)(137)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $1,403 $(482)$921 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (89)(89)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (89)(89)
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $1,403 $(571)$832 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (93)(93)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (93)(93)
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $1,403 $(664)$739 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$612 $893 $(801)$704 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,756)509 (455)(1,702)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(1,144)$1,402 $(1,256)$(998)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification(872)— 259 (613)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI2,016 — — 2,016 
Net current period OCI1,144 — 259 1,403 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $1,402 $(997)$405 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification63 — 298 361 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(42)— — (42)
Net current period OCI21 — 298 319 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$21 $1,402 $(699)$724 


Changes in Components of AOCI - Noncontrolling Interests in investment entities
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$0 $0 $0 $0 
Other comprehensive income0 0 0 0 
AOCI at March 31, 2020$0 $0 $0 $0 
Other comprehensive income0 0 257 257 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$0 $0 $257 $257 
Other comprehensive income0 0 915 915 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$0 $0 $1,172 $1,172 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2020$— $— $2,193 $2,193 
Other comprehensive income— — (776)(776)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $— $1,417 $1,417 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification— — 336 336 
Amounts reclassified from OCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 336 336 
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $— $1,753 $1,753 
Other comprehensive income— — 119 119 
Amounts reclassified from OCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 119 119 
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $— $1,872 $1,872 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gainTotal
AOCI at December 31, 2019$— $— $— $— 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — 
AOCI at March 31, 2020$— $— $— $— 
Other comprehensive income— — 257257 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $— $257 $257 
Other comprehensive income— — 915 915 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$— $— $1,172 $1,172 

The following table presents the details of the reclassifications from AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:2021:

(in thousands)
Component of AOCI reclassified into earningsNine Months Ended September 30, 20202021Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
Realized lossgain on sale of real estate securities$(50,677)104 Other gain (loss), net
Impairment of real estate securities(31,844)$(967)Other gain (loss), net

The Company had no reclassifications from AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
13. Noncontrolling Interests
Operating Partnership
Noncontrolling interests include the aggregate limited partnership interests in the OP held by RED REIT.an affiliate of DigitalBridge. Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests is based on the limited partners’ ownership percentage of the OP. Net incomeloss attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the OP was $0.2$1.6 million and $4.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest of the OP for three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.2 million and net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests ofin the OPoperating partnership was $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the OP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $8.5 million and $10.7 million.
Investment Entities
Noncontrolling interests in investment entities represent third-party equity interests in ventures that are consolidated with the Company’s financial statements. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the investment entities was $0.1 million and $3.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
interests in the investment entities for three months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.2 million and net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the investments entities was $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the investment entities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $37.4 million and $38.6 million, respectively.
5-Investment Preferred Financing
On June 5, 2020, subsidiaries of the Company entered into a preferred financing arrangement (on a portfolio of five5 underlying Company investment interests) (the “5-Investment Preferred Financing”) from investment vehicles managed by Goldman Sachs (“GS”). The preferred financing provided $200 million of proceeds at closing.
The preferred financing is limited to (i) the Company’s interests in 4 co-investments 3 of which are in the Company’s Core Portfolio and 1 which is in the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio, alongside investment funds managed by affiliates of the Company’s manager,former Manager, each of which are financings on underlying development projects (including residential, office and/or mixed-use components), and (ii) a wholly-owned triple-net industrial distribution center investment leased to a national grocery chain, which is included in the Company’s Core Portfolio.chain. The preferred financing provides GS a 10% preferred return and certain other minimum returns, as well as a minority interest in future cash flows.
56The preferred financing resulted in a reallocation of a portion of stockholders equity to noncontrolling interest, resulting in a $69 million day-one reduction in stockholders equity. The transaction resulted in the Company receiving net liquidity of approximately $170 million, net of approximately $30 million in paydowns under the Company’s Bank Credit Facility. The preferred financing provides the ability to draw down up to $29 million additional commitments from GS for future advances to the portfolio, if any, at the Company’s same advance rate.

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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The Company and its affiliates control the continuing investment and portfolio management of such investments and thus continues to consolidate these investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2020. The preferred financing provides for a disproportionate allocation of profits and losses, and thus each party’s share of earnings or loss is determined using a balance sheet approach known as the HLBV method. Under the HLBV method, earnings and losses are recognized based on the change in each party’s capital account from the beginning of the period in question to the end of the period, adjusting for the effects of distributions and new investments. The entity measures each party’s capital account assuming that the subsidiary was liquidated or sold at book value. The preferred financing resulted
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company has drawn-down additional funds of $2.1 million from GS and completed $16.3 million in a reallocation of a portion of stockholders equitycash distributions to noncontrolling interest, resulting in a $69 million day one reduction in stockholders equity.GS. The noncontrolling interest in investment entities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet includes $269.9$219.6 million representing GS’s investment at September 30, 20202021 under the HLBV method.
The transaction resulted inIn July 2021, the Company receiving net liquidity of approximately $170 million, net of approximately $30 millionagreed to sell the 4 co-investments within the 5-Investment Preferred Financing. Refer to Note 4, “Investments in paydowns under the Company’s corporate credit facility, and the ability to draw down up to $29 million additional commitments from GSUnconsolidated Ventures” for future fundings to the portfolio, if any, at our same advance rate. As of September 30, 2020, we have neither drawn-down additional funds from, nor completed any cash distributions to, GS.more details on this transaction.
14. Fair Value
Determination of Fair Value
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value of assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.
PE Investments
The Company accounts for PE Investments at fair value which is determined based on either a valuation model using assumptions for the timing and amount of expected future cash flow for income and realization events for the underlying assets in the funds and discount rate, or pending sales prices, if applicable. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, unless the PE Investments are valued based on pending sales prices, which are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company considers cash flow and NAV information provided by general partners of the underlying funds (“GP NAV”) and the implied yields of those funds in valuing its PE Investments. The Company also considers the values derived from the valuation model as a percentage of GP NAV, and compares the resulting percentage of GP NAV to precedent transactions, independent research, industry reports as well as pricing from executed purchase and sale agreements related to the disposition of its PE Investments. The Company may, as a result of that comparison, apply a mark-to-market adjustment. The Company has not elected the practical expedient to measure the fair value of its PE Investments using the NAV of the underlying funds.
Real Estate Securities
CRE securities are generally valued using a third-party pricing service or broker quotations. These quotations are not adjusted and are based on observable inputs that can be validated, and as such, are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain CRE securities may be valued based on a single broker quote, dealer bid or an internal price. Situations where
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
management applies adjustments based on or using unobservable inputs and would be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Management determines the prices are representative of fair value through a review of available data, including observable inputs, recent transactions as well as its knowledge of and experience in the market.
Investing VIEs
As discussed in Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale,” the Company has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated Investing VIEs. The Investing VIEs are “static,” that is no reinvestment is permitted and there is very limited active management of the underlying assets. The Company is required to determine whether the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities of the Investing VIEs are more observable, but in either case, the methodology results in the fair value of the assets of the securitization truststrust being equal to the fair value of their liabilities. The Company has determined that the fair value of the liabilities of the securitization trusts aretrust is more observable, since market prices for the liabilities are available from a third-party pricing service or are based on quoted prices provided by dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments. The financial assets of the securitization trusts aretrust is not readily marketable and their fair value measurement requires information that may be limited in availability.
In determining the fair value of the trusts’trust’s financial liabilities, the dealers will consider contractual cash payments and yields expected by market participants. Dealers also incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
the treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security including coupon, periodic and life caps, collateral type, rate reset period and seasoning or age of the security. The Company’s collateralized mortgage obligations are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, where a third-party pricing service or broker quotations are available and are based on observable valuation inputs, and as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, where internal price is utilized based on or using unobservable inputs. In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, the assets of the securitization truststrust are an aggregate value derived from the fair value of the trust’s liabilities, and the Company has determined that the valuation of the trust’s assets in their entirety including its retained interests from the securitizations (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP) should be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivatives
Derivative instruments consist of interest rate contracts and foreign exchange contracts that are generally traded over-the-counter, and are valued using a third-party service provider. Quotations on over-the counter derivatives are not adjusted and are generally valued using observable inputs such as contractual cash flows, yield curve, foreign currency rates and credit spreads, and are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Although credit valuation adjustments, such as the risk of default, rely on Level 3 inputs, these inputs are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, derivative valuations in their entirety are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Financial assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table presents financial assets that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 by level within the fair value hierarchy (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE InvestmentsInvestments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments$0 $124 $6,969 $7,093 $0 $1,425 $8,858 $10,283 Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments$— $— $4,848 $4,848 $— $5 $6,878 $6,883 
Real estate securities, available for saleReal estate securities, available for sale0 36,250 0 36,250 0 252,824 0 252,824 Real estate securities, available for sale— 3,945 — 3,945 — 10,389 — 10,389 
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair valueMortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value0 0 1,839,390 1,839,390 0 0 1,872,970 1,872,970 Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value— — 840,341 840,341 — — 1,768,069 1,768,069 
Other assets - derivative assetsOther assets - derivative assets0 1,981 1,981 0 4,122 0 4,122 Other assets - derivative assets— 4,389 — 4,389 — 386 — 386 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair valueMortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value$0 $1,770,924 $0 $1,770,924 $0 $1,762,914 $0 $1,762,914 Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value$— $800,831 $— $800,831 $— $1,708,534 $— $1,708,534 
Other liabilities - derivative liabilitiesOther liabilities - derivative liabilities0 37 0 37 0 19,133 0 19,133 Other liabilities - derivative liabilities— 15 — 15 — 37 — 37 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the changes in fair value of financial assets which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and year ended December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Year Ended December 31, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Year Ended December 31, 2020
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Beginning balanceBeginning balance$8,858 $1,872,970 $160,851 $3,116,978 Beginning balance$6,878 $1,768,069 $8,858 $1,872,970 
Contributions(2)/purchases
0 0 151 0 
Distributions/paydownsDistributions/paydowns(2,558)(19,817)(18,407)(55,288)Distributions/paydowns(1,957)(70,838)(2,649)(76,719)
Deconsolidation of securitization trust(3)
0 0 0 (1,239,627)
Sale of investmentsSale of investments— (28,662)— — 
Deconsolidation of securitization trust(2)
Deconsolidation of securitization trust(2)
— (802,196)— — 
Equity in earningsEquity in earnings669 0 0 0 Equity in earnings(73)— 669 — 
Sale of investments0 0 (48,930)(39,848)
Transfers out of Level 30 (84,807)0 
Unrealized gain (loss) in earnings0 (13,763)0 87,983 
Realized gain in earnings0 0 2,772 
Unrealized loss in earningsUnrealized loss in earnings— (2,649)— (28,182)
Realized loss in earningsRealized loss in earnings— (23,383)— — 
Ending balanceEnding balance$6,969 $1,839,390 $8,858 $1,872,970 Ending balance$4,848 $840,341 $6,878 $1,768,069 

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of $13.8$2.6 million related to mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value and an unrealized lossgain of $27.8$34.6 million related to mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value.
(2)Includes initial investments, before distribution and contribution closing statement adjustments, and subsequent contributions, including deferred purchase price fundings.
(3)In July 2019,April 2021, the Company sold its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of 1one securitization trust. As a resultresults of the sale, the Company deconsolidated 1one of the securitization trusts. See Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further information.
Transfers of assets into or out of Level 3 are presented at their fair values as measured at the end of the reporting period. Assets transferred out of Level 3 represent PE Investments that were valued based on their contracted sales price in March 2019.
As of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow model, comparable precedent transactions and other market information to quantify Level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis. As of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the key unobservable inputs used in the analysis of PE Investments included discount rates with a range of 11.0% to 12.0% and timing and amount of expected future cash flows. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019,2021, the key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts included a blended yield of 22.2% and a weighted average life of 5.7 years. As of December 31, 2020, the key unobservable inputs included yields ranging from 20.3%21.1% to 54.3% and 15.0% to 16.1%53.7%, respectively, and a weighted average life of 5.1 years and 5.4 years, respectively.5.0 years. Significant increases or decreases in any one of the inputs described above in isolation may result in significantly different fair value of the financial assets and liabilities using such Level 3 inputs.
ForDuring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, the Company recorded a net unrealized loss of $13.2 million and $41.6 million, respectively, related to mortgage loans held in and mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a net unrealized loss of $2.0 million and a net unrealized gain of $4.6 million, respectively, related to mortgage loans held in and mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value. These amounts, when incurred, are recorded as unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the company did 0t record a realized gain on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $2.7 million and $2.8$23.4 million realized gain respectively,loss on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value, which represents the gainis comprised of a $19.5 million loss upon the sale of the Company’s retained interests in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust. This amount isAdditionally, the Company recorded asa realized gain on mortgage loans and obligationsloss of $3.9 million related to the sale of an underlying loan held in securitization trusts, netwithin one of its retained investments in the consolidated statementssubordinate tranches of operations.another securitization trust, of which the realized loss was previously included in the Company’s loss projections and therefore no fair value write down was required in the third quarter of 2021.
Fair Value Option
The Company may elect to apply the fair value option of accounting for certain of its financial assets or liabilities due to the nature of the instrument at the time of the initial recognition of the investment. The Company elected the fair value option for PE Investments and eligible financial assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs because management believes it is
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
a more useful presentation for such investments. The Company determined recording the PE Investments based on the change in fair value of projected future cash flow from one period to another better represents the underlying economics of the respective investment. As of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company has elected not to apply the fair value option for any other eligible financial assets or liabilities.
Fair ValueMaster Repurchase Facilities
As of Financial InstrumentsSeptember 30, 2021, the Company, through subsidiaries, had entered into repurchase agreements with multiple global financial institutions to provide an aggregate principal amount of up to $2.1 billion to finance the origination of first mortgage loans and senior loan participations secured by CRE debt investments (“Master Repurchase Facilities”). The Company agreed to guarantee certain obligations under the Master Repurchase Facilities, which contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of this type. The Master Repurchase Facilities act as revolving loan facilities that can be paid down as assets are repaid or sold and re-drawn upon for new investments. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Master Repurchase Facilities.
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had $752.1 million carrying value of CRE debt investments financed with $558.5 million under the master repurchase facilities.
During the first quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an amendment under its Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 3 and Bank 7 to extend the maturity date by two years and three years, respectively.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an amendment under its Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 1, Bank 8 and Bank 9 to extend the maturity date by three years, two years and two and a half years, respectively.
Additionally, during the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into amendments under its 6 Master Repurchase Facilities to: (i) permit the guarantor and the OP to consummate the Internalization; and (ii) reduce the minimum tangible net worth covenant requirement from $1.5 billion to $1.35 billion upon consummation of the Internalization.
Subsequent to September 30, 2021 the Company repaid approximately $23.3 million under its master repurchase facilities. Additionally, upon reaching the maturity date of Bank 2 Facility 3 in October 2021 the Company did not exercise any extension options and thus no longer has availability to draw funds.
CMBS Credit Facilities
As of September 30, 2021 the Company had entered into 8 master repurchase agreements (collectively the “CMBS Credit Facilities”) to finance CMBS investments. The CMBS Credit Facilities are on a recourse basis and contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of this type. The CMBS Credit Facilities were undrawn as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
10. Related Party Arrangements
Management Agreement
On January 31, 2018, the Company and the OP entered into a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager managed the Company’s assets and its day-to-day operations. The Manager was responsible for, among other matters, (1) the selection, origination, acquisition, management and sale of the Company’s portfolio investments, (2) the Company’s financing activities and (3) providing the Company with investment advisory services. The Manager was also responsible for the Company’s day-to-day operations and performed (or would cause to be performed) such services and activities relating to the Company’s investments and business and affairs as may be appropriate. The Management Agreement required the Manager to manage the Company’s business affairs in conformity with the investment guidelines and other policies that are approved and monitored by the Board of Directors. Each of the Company’s executive officers was also an employee of the Manager or its affiliates. The Manager’s role as Manager was under the supervision and direction of the Company’s Board of Directors.
The initial term of the Management Agreement expired on the third anniversary of the closing date of the Combination, January 31, 2018 (the “Closing Date”), and would be automatically renewed for a one-year term each anniversary date thereafter unless earlier terminated as described below. The Company’s independent directors reviewed the Manager’s performance and the fees that may be payable to the Manager annually and, following the initial term, the Management Agreement could be terminated if there was an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Company’s independent directors determining that (1) there had been unsatisfactory performance by the Manager that is materially detrimental to the Company or (2) the compensation payable to the Manager, in the form of base management fees and incentive fees taken as a whole, or the amount thereof, was not fair to the Company, subject to the Manager’s right to prevent such termination due to unfair fees by accepting reduced compensation as agreed to by at least two-thirds of the Company’s independent directors. The Company was required to provide the Manager 180 days’ prior written notice of any such termination.
The Company could also terminate the Management Agreement for cause (as defined in the Management Agreement) at any time, including during the initial term, without the payment of any termination fee, with at least 30 days’ prior written notice from the Company’s Board of Directors. Unless terminated for cause, the Manager would be paid a termination fee as described below. The Manager could terminate the Management Agreement if the Company was required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act with such termination deemed to occur immediately before such event, in which case the Company would not be required to pay a termination fee. The Manager could have declined to renew the Management Agreement by providing the Company with 180 days’ prior written notice, in which case the Company would not be required to pay a termination fee. The Manager could also terminate the Management Agreement with at least 60 days’ prior written notice if the Company breached the Management Agreement in any material respect or otherwise was unable to perform its obligations thereunder and the breach continued for a period of 30 days after written notice to the Company, in which case the Manager would be paid a termination fee as described below.
In additionNovember 2019, the Manager, the Company and the OP amended and restated the Management Agreement to modify the above disclosures regarding financial assets or liabilities“Core Earnings” definition, providing that “unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments” shall only be applied as exclusions from the definition of Core Earnings if approved by a majority of the independent directors of the Company. Such change became effective during the fourth quarter of 2019 and resulted in a reduction to Core Earnings which are recorded at fair value, U.S. GAAP requires disclosure of fair value about all financial instruments. The following disclosure of estimated fair value of financial instruments was determinedthereby reduced the annual management fee and any incentive fee paid by the Company usingdue to accumulated unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments to date.
Internalization
On April 30, 2021, the Company completed the Internalization, including the internalization of the Company’s management and operating functions and terminated its relationship with its Manager, a subsidiary of DigitalBridge, in accordance with the Termination Agreement. The Company paid the Manager a one-time termination fee of $102.3 million and additional closing costs of $0.3 million. The Company will not pay management or incentive fees to the Manager for any post-closing period. Refer to Note 1, “Business and Organization,” for further details.
Fees to Manager
Base Management Fee
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer pays a base management fee to the Manager.
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The base management fee payable to the Manager under the Management Agreement was equal to 1.5% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement), per annum (0.375% per quarter), payable quarterly in arrears in cash. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the Company’s stockholders’ equity means: (a) the sum of (1) the net proceeds received by the Company (or, without duplication, the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP) from all issuances of the Company’s or such subsidiaries’ common and preferred equity securities since inception (allocated on a pro rata basis for such issuances during the calendar quarter of any such issuance), plus (2) the Company’s cumulative Core Earnings (as defined in the Management Agreement) from and after the Closing Date to the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter, less (b)(1) any distributions to the Company’s common stockholders (or owners of common equity of the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP, other than the Company or any of such subsidiaries), (2) any amount that the Company or any of the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP, have paid to (x) repurchase for cash the Company’s common stock or common equity securities of such subsidiaries or (y) repurchase or redeem for cash the Company’s preferred equity securities or preferred equity securities of such subsidiaries, in each case since the Closing Date and (3) any incentive fee (as described below) paid to the Manager since the Closing Date.
The Company did not incur any management fee expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and incurred $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the total management fee expense incurred was $7.1 million and $22.2 million, respectively.
Incentive Fee
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer pays an incentive fee to the Manager.
The incentive fee payable to the Manager under the Management Agreement was equal to the difference between (i) the product of (a) 20% and (b) the difference between (1) Core Earnings (as defined in the Management Agreement) for the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), including the current quarter, and (2) the product of (A) common equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) in the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), and (B) 7% per annum and (ii) the sum of any incentive fee paid to the Manager with respect to the first three calendar quarters of the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), provided, however, that no incentive fee is payable with respect to any calendar quarter unless Core Earnings (as defined in the Management Agreement) is greater than zero for the most recently completed 12 calendar quarters (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 calendar quarters since the Closing Date).
The Company did not incur any incentive fees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
Reimbursements of Expenses
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer reimburses expenses incurred by the Manager.
Reimbursement of expenses related to the Company incurred by the Manager, including legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other services were paid on the Company’s behalf by the OP or its designee(s). The Company reimbursed the Manager for the Company’s allocable share of the salaries and other compensation of the Company’s chief financial officer and certain of its affiliates’ non-investment personnel who spent all or a portion of their time managing the Company’s affairs, and the Company’s share of such costs were based upon the percentage of such time devoted by personnel of the Manager (or its affiliates) to the Company’s affairs. The Company may have been required to pay the Company’s pro rata portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Manager and its affiliates required for the Company’s operations.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Manager did not incur any expenses on behalf of the Company that were reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the total reimbursements of expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company and reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement was $3.1 million, and are included in administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the total reimbursements of expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company and reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement was $2.0 million and $7.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, there was $2.7 million of unpaid expenses included in due to related party in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Equity Plan Grants
In January 2021, the Company granted 1,420,000 shares of restricted stock and 276,000 PSUs to certain employees of the Manager under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). Following the Internalization, these employees became
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employees of the Company. In April 2020, the Company granted 143,000 shares to its chief executive officer. In March 2019, the Company granted 800,000 shares to the Manager and/or employees thereof under the 2018 Plan. In March 2018, the Company granted 978,946 shares to its non-independent directors, officers and the Manager and/or employees thereof under the 2018 Plan. 1,550,862 shares remain granted and unvested as of September 30, 2021. See Note 11, “Equity-Based Compensation” for further discussion on the 2018 Plan including shares issued to independent directors of the Company. In connection with these grants, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $2.6 million and $12.1 million within administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and $3.0 million to its Manager within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
Investment Activity
All investment acquisitions are approved in accordance with the Company’s investment and related party guidelines, which may include approval by either the audit committee or disinterested members of the Company’s Board of Directors. No investment by the Company will require approval under the related party transaction policy solely because such investment constitutes a co-investment made by and between the Company and any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and one or more investment vehicles formed, sponsored, or managed by an affiliate of the Manager on the other hand.
In July 2017, NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc., a Maryland corporation which merged with and into the Company as part of the Company’s formation transactions (“NorthStar II”), entered into a joint venture with an affiliate of the Manager to make a $60.0 million investment in a $180.0 million mezzanine loan which was originated by such affiliate of the Manager. The transaction was approved by NorthStar II’s board of directors, including all of its independent directors. The investment was purchased by the Company in connection with the Combination. In June 2018, the Company increased its commitment to $101.8 million in connection with the joint venture bifurcating the mezzanine loan into a mezzanine loan and a preferred equity investment. The Company’s interest in both the underlying mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment is 31.8%, and the affiliate entities own the remaining 68.2%. Both the underlying mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment carry a fixed 13.0% interest rate. This investment is recorded in investments in unconsolidated ventures in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In July 2019, the Company increased its commitment in the mezzanine loan from $101.8 million to $189.0 million. The Company’s interest in the upsized mezzanine loan is 45.2% and it carries a fixed 13.0% interest rate. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company made its pro-rata share of two protective advances to the senior mortgage lender totaling $28.5 million. The Company placed this investment on nonaccrual status as of April 1, 2020. In September 2020 the Company’s mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment was converted into a mezzanine participation. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
In July 2018, the Company acquired a $326.8 million Class A office campus located in Norway from an affiliate of the Company’s Manager. In connection with the purchase, the Company assumed senior mortgage financing from a private bond issuance of $197.7 million. The bonds have a five-year term remaining, and carry a fixed interest rate of 3.91%.
In July 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture to invest in a development project for land and a Grade A office building in Ireland. The Company agreed to invest up to $69.9 million of the $139.7 million total commitment. The Company co-invested along with two affiliates of the Manager, with the Company owning 50.0% of the joint venture and the affiliate entities owning the remaining 50.0%. The joint venture invested in a senior mortgage loan of $66.7 million with a fixed interest rate of 12.5% and a maturity date of 3.5 years from origination and common equity. This investment is included as part of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
In October 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture to invest in a mixed-use development project in Ireland. The Company agreed to invest up to $162.4 million of the $266.5 million total commitment. The Company co-invested along with two affiliates of the Manager, with the Company owning 61.0% of the joint venture and the affiliate entities owning the remaining 39.0%. The joint venture invested in a senior mortgage loan with a fixed interest rate of 15.0% and a maturity date of two years from origination. The Company placed this investment on nonaccrual status as of July 1, 2020. This investment is included as part of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
11. Equity-Based Compensation
On January 29, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of awards with respect to 4.0 million shares of the Class A common stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Plan. Awards may be granted under the 2018 Plan to (x) the Manager or any employee, officer, director, consultant or advisor (who is a natural person) providing services to the Company, the Manager or their affiliates and (y) any other individual whose
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(Unaudited)
participation in the 2018 Plan is determined to be in the best interests of the Company. The following types of awards may be made under the 2018 Plan, subject to the limitations set forth in the plan: (i) stock options (which may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options); (ii) stock appreciation rights; (iii) restricted stock awards; (iv) stock units; (v) unrestricted stock awards; (vi) dividend equivalent rights; (vii) performance awards; (viii) annual cash incentive awards; (ix) long-term incentive units; and (x) other equity-based awards.
Shares subject to an award granted under the 2018 Plan will be counted against the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock available market informationfor issuance thereunder as one share of Class A common stock for every one share of Class A common stock subject to such an award. Shares subject to an award granted under the 2018 Plan will again become available for issuance under the 2018 Plan if the award terminates by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or otherwise without the issuance of such shares (except as set forth in the following sentence). The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan will not be increased by (i) any shares tendered or withheld in connection with the purchase of shares upon exercise of a stock option, (ii) any shares deducted or delivered in connection with the Company’s tax withholding obligations, or (iii) any shares purchased by the Company with proceeds from stock option exercises. The shares granted in May 2020 to the independent directors of the Company under the 2018 Plan vested in May 2021. The shares granted in June 2021 to the independent directors, and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgmentin October to the newly appointed independent director, of the Company under the 2018 Plan vest in May 2022. Shares granted to non-independent directors, officers and the Manager under the 2018 Plan vest ratably in three annual installments.
Restricted Stock—Restricted stock awards relating to the Company’s class A common stock are granted to certain employees of the Manager and independent directors of the Company, with a service condition only and are generally subject to annual time-based vesting in equal tranches over a three-year period. Restricted stock is necessaryentitled to interpret market datadividends declared and develop estimated fair value. Accordingly,paid on the estimates presented hereinCompany’s class A common stock and such dividends are not necessarily indicativeforfeitable prior to vesting of the amountsaward. Restricted stock awards are valued based on the Company’s class A common stock price on grant date and equity-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite three-year service period. Some employees of the Manager who were granted restricted stock under the 2018 Plan became employees of the Company could realizefollowing the Internalization on dispositionApril 30, 2021. The shares held by substantially all remaining employees of the financial instruments. Manager vested following the Internalization.
Performance Stock Units (“PSU”)—PSUs are granted to certain employees of the Company and are subject to both a service condition and a performance condition. Following the end of the measurement period for the PSUs, the recipients of PSUs may be eligible to vest in all or a portion of PSUs granted, and be issued a number of shares of the Company’s class A common stock, ranging from 0% to 200% of the number of PSUs granted and eligible to vest, to be determined based upon the performance of the Company's class A common stock relative to the Company’s GAAP book value at the end of a two-year measurement period. PSUs also contain dividend equivalent rights which entitle the recipients to a payment equal to the amount of dividends that would have been paid on the shares that are ultimately issued at the end of the measurement period.
Fair value of PSUs, including dividend equivalent rights, was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, with the following assumptions:
2021 Grant
Expected volatility(1)
86.6 %
Risk free rate(2)
0.1 %
Expected dividend yield(3)
— 

(1)Based upon the Company’s historical stock volatility.
(2)Based upon the continuously compounded zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield for the term coinciding with the measurement period of the award as of valuation date.
(3)Based upon the dividend yield in place as of the grant date.
Fair value of PSU awards, excluding dividend equivalent rights, is recognized on a straight-line basis over their measurement period as compensation expense, and is subject to reversal if the performance condition is not achieved.
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(Unaudited)
The usetable below summarizes the Company’s awards granted, forfeited or vested under the 2018 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted StockPSUsTotalRestricted StockPSUs
Unvested shares at December 31, 2020885,070 — 885,070 $16.16 $— 
Granted1,458,060 276,000 1,734,060 8.35 11.96 
Vested(792,268)(4,000)(796,268)15.64 11.96 
Unvested shares at September 30, 20211,550,862 272,000 1,822,862 12.40 11.96 
Fair value of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may haveequity awards that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, determined based on their respective fair values at vesting date, was $3.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Fair value of granted awards is determined based on the closing price of the Class A common stock on the date of grant of the awards. Equity-based compensation is classified within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
At September 30, 2021, aggregate unrecognized compensation cost for all unvested equity awards was $10.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a material effectweighted-average period of 2.1 years.
12. Stockholders’ Equity
Authorized Capital
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had the authority to issue up to 1.0 billion shares of stock, at $0.01 par value per share, consisting of 950.0 million shares of Class A common stock and 50.0 million shares of preferred stock.
The Company had no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021.
Dividends
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company declared the following dividends on estimated fair value.its common stock:
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DatePer Share
February 24, 2021March 31, 2021April 15, 2021$0.10
April 30, 2021June 30, 2021July 15, 2021$0.14
August 4, 2021September 30, 2021October 15, 2021$0.16
Subsequent to September 30, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.18 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021, payable on January 14, 2022 to stockholders of record on December 31, 2021.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present the changes in each component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”) attributable to stockholders and noncontrolling interests in the OP, net of immaterial tax effect.
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Changes in Components of AOCI - Stockholders
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2020$275 $47,127 $7,186 $54,588 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification(1,035)— (7,547)(8,582)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI760 — — 760 
Net current period OCI(275)— (7,547)(7,822)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $47,127 $(361)$46,766 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification— — 1,966 1,966 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 1,966 1,966 
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $47,127 $1,605 $48,732 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (3,926)(3,926)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (3,926)(3,926)
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $47,127 $(2,321)$44,806 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$15,909 $25,872 $(13,487)$28,294 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(73,273)21,255 (18,981)(70,999)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(57,364)$47,127 $(32,468)$(42,705)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification(26,905)— 10,581 (16,324)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI84,269 — — 84,269 
Net current period OCI57,364 — 10,581 67,945 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $47,127 $(21,887)$25,240 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification6,018 — 11,443 17,461 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1,748)— — (1,748)
Net current period OCI4,270 — 11,443 15,713 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$4,270 $47,127 $(10,444)$40,953 


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(Unaudited)
Changes in Components of AOCI - Noncontrolling Interests in the OP
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation lossTotal
AOCI at December 31, 2020$(73)$1,403 $(272)$1,058 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification98 — (210)(112)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(25)— — (25)
Net current period OCI73 — (210)(137)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $1,403 $(482)$921 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (89)(89)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (89)(89)
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $1,403 $(571)$832 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (93)(93)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (93)(93)
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $1,403 $(664)$739 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$612 $893 $(801)$704 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,756)509 (455)(1,702)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(1,144)$1,402 $(1,256)$(998)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification(872)— 259 (613)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI2,016 — — 2,016 
Net current period OCI1,144 — 259 1,403 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $1,402 $(997)$405 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification63 — 298 361 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(42)— — (42)
Net current period OCI21 — 298 319 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$21 $1,402 $(699)$724 


Changes in Components of AOCI - Noncontrolling Interests in investment entities

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(Unaudited)
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2020$— $— $2,193 $2,193 
Other comprehensive income— — (776)(776)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $— $1,417 $1,417 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification— — 336 336 
Amounts reclassified from OCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 336 336 
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $— $1,753 $1,753 
Other comprehensive income— — 119 119 
Amounts reclassified from OCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 119 119 
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $— $1,872 $1,872 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gainTotal
AOCI at December 31, 2019$— $— $— $— 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — 
AOCI at March 31, 2020$— $— $— $— 
Other comprehensive income— — 257257 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $— $257 $257 
Other comprehensive income— — 915 915 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$— $— $1,172 $1,172 

The following table presents the principal amount, carrying valuedetails of the reclassifications from AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

(in thousands)
Component of AOCI reclassified into earningsNine Months Ended September 30, 2021Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
Realized gain on sale of real estate securities$104 Other gain (loss), net
Impairment of real estate securities$(967)Other gain (loss), net
13. Noncontrolling Interests
Operating Partnership
Noncontrolling interests include the aggregate limited partnership interests in the OP held by an affiliate of DigitalBridge. Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests is based on the limited partners’ ownership percentage of the OP. Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the OP was $1.6 million and $4.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest of the OP for three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.2 million and net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership was $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
Investment Entities
Noncontrolling interests in investment entities represent third-party equity interests in ventures that are consolidated with the Company’s financial statements. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the investment entities was $0.1 million and $3.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling
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(Unaudited)
interests in the investment entities for three months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.2 million and net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the investments entities was $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
5-Investment Preferred Financing
On June 5, 2020, subsidiaries of the Company entered into a preferred financing arrangement (on a portfolio of 5 underlying Company investment interests) (the “5-Investment Preferred Financing”) from investment vehicles managed by Goldman Sachs (“GS”). The preferred financing provided $200 million of proceeds at closing.
The preferred financing is limited to (i) the Company’s interests in 4 co-investments alongside investment funds managed by affiliates of the Company’s former Manager, each of which are financings on underlying development projects (including residential, office and/or mixed-use components), and (ii) a wholly-owned triple-net industrial distribution center investment leased to a national grocery chain. The preferred financing provides GS a 10% preferred return and certain other minimum returns, as well as a minority interest in future cash flows.
The preferred financing resulted in a reallocation of a portion of stockholders equity to noncontrolling interest, resulting in a $69 million day-one reduction in stockholders equity. The transaction resulted in the Company receiving net liquidity of approximately $170 million, net of approximately $30 million in paydowns under the Company’s Bank Credit Facility. The preferred financing provides the ability to draw down up to $29 million additional commitments from GS for future advances to the portfolio, if any, at the Company’s same advance rate.
The preferred financing provides for a disproportionate allocation of profits and losses, and thus each party’s share of earnings or loss is determined using a balance sheet approach known as the HLBV method. Under the HLBV method, earnings and losses are recognized based on the change in each party’s capital account from the beginning of the period in question to the end of the period, adjusting for the effects of distributions and new investments. The entity measures each party’s capital account assuming that the subsidiary was liquidated or sold at book value.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company has drawn-down additional funds of $2.1 million from GS and completed $16.3 million in cash distributions to GS. The noncontrolling interest in investment entities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet includes $219.6 million representing GS’s investment at September 30, 2021 under the HLBV method.
In July 2021, the Company agreed to sell the 4 co-investments within the 5-Investment Preferred Financing. Refer to Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures” for more details on this transaction.
14. Fair Value
Determination of Fair Value
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Principal AmountCarrying ValueFair ValuePrincipal AmountCarrying ValueFair Value
Financial assets:(1)
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$2,149,018 $2,103,414 (2)$2,109,093 $2,858,423 (2)$2,576,332 $2,470,561 
Financial liabilities:(1)
Securitization bonds payable, net$840,423 $834,621 $840,423 $840,423 $833,153 $840,423 
Mortgage and other notes payable, net1,107,388 1,102,999 1,107,388 1,260,267 1,256,112 1,260,675 
Master repurchase facilities608,632 608,632 608,632 1,099,233 1,099,233 1,099,233 

(1)Theaccounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and the general classification of other financialthese instruments not included in this table is estimatedpursuant to approximate their carrying value.
(2)Excludes future funding commitments of $173.2 million and $276.6 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Disclosure aboutthe fair value of financial instrumentshierarchy.
PE Investments
The Company accounts for PE Investments at fair value which is determined based on pertinent information available to management aseither a valuation model using assumptions for the timing and amount of September 30, 2020. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affectexpected future cash flow for income and realization events for the underlying assets in the funds and discount rate, or pending sales prices, if applicable. This fair value such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these consolidated financial statements since that date and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, Net
For loans and preferred equity held for investment, net, fair values were determined: (i) by comparing the current yield to the estimated yield for newly originated loans with similar credit risk or the market yield at which a third party might expect to purchase such investment; or (ii) based on discounted cash flow projections of principal and interest expected to be collected, which includes consideration of the financial standing of the borrower or sponsor as well as operating results of the underlying collateral. These fair value measurements of CRE debt aremeasurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, areis classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Carrying valueshierarchy, unless the PE Investments are valued based on pending sales prices, which are classified as Level 2 of loans and preferred equity held for investment are presented net of allowance for loan losses, where applicable.
Securitization Bonds Payable, Net
The Company’s securitization bonds payable, net bear floating rates of interest. As of September 30, 2020, the Company believes the carrying value approximates fair value. These fair value measurementshierarchy. The Company considers cash flow and NAV information provided by general partners of the underlying funds (“GP NAV”) and the implied yields of those funds in valuing its PE Investments. The Company also considers the values derived from the valuation model as a percentage of GP NAV, and compares the resulting percentage of GP NAV to precedent transactions, independent research, industry reports as well as pricing from executed purchase and sale agreements related to the disposition of its PE Investments. The Company may, as a result of that comparison, apply a mark-to-market adjustment. The Company has not elected the practical expedient to measure the fair value of its PE Investments using the NAV of the underlying funds.
Real Estate Securities
CRE securities are generally valued using a third-party pricing service or broker quotations. These quotations are not adjusted and are based on observable inputs that can be validated, and as such, are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain CRE securities may be valued based on a single broker quote, dealer bid or an internal price. Situations where
Mortgage
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(Unaudited)
management applies adjustments based on or using unobservable inputs and Other Notes Payable, Netwould be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Management determines the prices are representative of fair value through a review of available data, including observable inputs, recent transactions as well as its knowledge of and experience in the market.
For mortgage and other notes payable, net,Investing VIEs
As discussed in Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale,” the Company primarily uses rates currently available with similar termshas elected the fair value option for the financial assets and remaining maturities to estimate fair value. These measurements are determined using comparable U.S. Treasury rates asliabilities of the endconsolidated Investing VIEs. The Investing VIEs are “static,” that is no reinvestment is permitted and there is very limited active management of the reporting period. Theseunderlying assets. The Company is required to determine whether the fair value measurementsof the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities of the Investing VIEs are more observable, but in either case, the methodology results in the fair value of the assets of the securitization trust being equal to the fair value of their liabilities. The Company has determined that the fair value of the liabilities of the securitization trust is more observable, since market prices for the liabilities are available from a third-party pricing service or are based on quoted prices provided by dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments. The financial assets of the securitization trust is not readily marketable and their fair value measurement requires information that may be limited in availability.
In determining the fair value of the trust’s financial liabilities, the dealers will consider contractual cash payments and yields expected by market participants. Dealers also incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security including coupon, periodic and life caps, collateral type, rate reset period and seasoning or age of the security. The Company’s collateralized mortgage obligations are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, where a third-party pricing service or broker quotations are available and are based on observable valuation inputs, and as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, where internal price is utilized based on or using unobservable inputs. In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, the assets of the securitization trust are an aggregate value derived from the fair value of the trust’s liabilities, and the Company has determined that the valuation of the trust’s assets in their entirety including its retained interests from the securitizations (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP) should be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivatives
Derivative instruments consist of interest rate contracts and foreign exchange contracts that are generally traded over-the-counter, and are valued using a third-party service provider. Quotations on over-the counter derivatives are not adjusted and are generally valued using observable inputs such as contractual cash flows, yield curve, foreign currency rates and credit spreads, and are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Although credit valuation adjustments, such as the risk of default, rely on Level 3 inputs, these inputs are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, derivative valuations in their entirety are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Financial assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table presents financial assets that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 by level within the fair value hierarchy (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments$— $— $4,848 $4,848 $— $5 $6,878 $6,883 
Real estate securities, available for sale— 3,945 — 3,945 — 10,389 — 10,389 
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value— — 840,341 840,341 — — 1,768,069 1,768,069 
Other assets - derivative assets— 4,389 — 4,389 — 386 — 386 
Liabilities:
Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value$— $800,831 $— $800,831 $— $1,708,534 $— $1,708,534 
Other liabilities - derivative liabilities— 15 — 15 — 37 — 37 
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the changes in fair value of financial assets which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Year Ended December 31, 2020
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Beginning balance$6,878 $1,768,069 $8,858 $1,872,970 
Distributions/paydowns(1,957)(70,838)(2,649)(76,719)
Sale of investments— (28,662)— — 
Deconsolidation of securitization trust(2)
— (802,196)— — 
Equity in earnings(73)— 669 — 
Unrealized loss in earnings— (2,649)— (28,182)
Realized loss in earnings— (23,383)— — 
Ending balance$4,848 $840,341 $6,878 $1,768,069 

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of $2.6 million related to mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value and an unrealized gain of $34.6 million related to mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value.
(2)In April 2021, the Company sold its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust. As a results of the sale, the Company deconsolidated one of the securitization trusts. See Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further information.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow model, comparable precedent transactions and other market information to quantify Level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the key unobservable inputs used in the analysis of PE Investments included discount rates with a range of 11.0% to 12.0% and timing and amount of expected future cash flows. As of September 30, 2021, the key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts included a blended yield of 22.2% and a weighted average life of 5.7 years. As of December 31, 2020, the key unobservable inputs included yields ranging from 21.1% to 53.7%, respectively, and a weighted average life of 5.0 years. Significant increases or decreases in any one of the inputs described above in isolation may result in significantly different fair value of the financial assets and liabilities using such Level 3 inputs.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a $23.4 million realized loss on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value, which is comprised of a $19.5 million loss upon the sale of the Company’s retained interests in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust. Additionally, the Company recorded a realized loss of $3.9 million related to the sale of an underlying loan held within one of its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of another securitization trust, of which the realized loss was previously included in the Company’s loss projections and therefore no fair value write down was required in the third quarter of 2021.
Fair Value Option
The Company may elect to apply the fair value option of accounting for certain of its financial assets or liabilities due to the nature of the instrument at the time of the initial recognition of the investment. The Company elected the fair value option for PE Investments and eligible financial assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs because management believes it is a more useful presentation for such investments. The Company determined recording the PE Investments based on the change in fair value of projected future cash flow from one period to another better represents the underlying economics of the respective investment. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company has elected not to apply the fair value option for any other eligible financial assets or liabilities.
Master Repurchase Facilities
As of September 30, 2021, the Company, through subsidiaries, had entered into repurchase agreements with multiple global financial institutions to provide an aggregate principal amount of up to $2.1 billion to finance the origination of first mortgage loans and senior loan participations secured by CRE debt investments (“Master Repurchase Facilities”). The Company agreed to guarantee certain obligations under the Master Repurchase Facilities, which contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of this type. The Master Repurchase Facilities act as revolving loan facilities that can be paid down as assets are repaid or sold and re-drawn upon for new investments. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Master Repurchase Facilities.
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had $752.1 million carrying value of CRE debt investments financed with $558.5 million under the master repurchase facilities.
During the first quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an amendment under its Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 3 and Bank 7 to extend the maturity date by two years and three years, respectively.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an amendment under its Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 1, Bank 8 and Bank 9 to extend the maturity date by three years, two years and two and a half years, respectively.
Additionally, during the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into amendments under its 6 Master Repurchase Facilities to: (i) permit the guarantor and the OP to consummate the Internalization; and (ii) reduce the minimum tangible net worth covenant requirement from $1.5 billion to $1.35 billion upon consummation of the Internalization.
Subsequent to September 30, 2021 the Company repaid approximately $23.3 million under its master repurchase facilities. Additionally, upon reaching the maturity date of Bank 2 Facility 3 in October 2021 the Company did not exercise any extension options and thus no longer has availability to draw funds.
CMBS Credit Facilities
As of September 30, 2021 the Company had entered into 8 master repurchase agreements (collectively the “CMBS Credit Facilities”) to finance CMBS investments. The CMBS Credit Facilities are on a recourse basis and contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of this type. The CMBS Credit Facilities were undrawn as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
10. Related Party Arrangements
Management Agreement
On January 31, 2018, the Company and the OP entered into a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager managed the Company’s assets and its day-to-day operations. The Manager was responsible for, among other matters, (1) the selection, origination, acquisition, management and sale of the Company’s portfolio investments, (2) the Company’s financing activities and (3) providing the Company with investment advisory services. The Manager was also responsible for the Company’s day-to-day operations and performed (or would cause to be performed) such services and activities relating to the Company’s investments and business and affairs as may be appropriate. The Management Agreement required the Manager to manage the Company’s business affairs in conformity with the investment guidelines and other policies that are approved and monitored by the Board of Directors. Each of the Company’s executive officers was also an employee of the Manager or its affiliates. The Manager’s role as Manager was under the supervision and direction of the Company’s Board of Directors.
The initial term of the Management Agreement expired on the third anniversary of the closing date of the Combination, January 31, 2018 (the “Closing Date”), and would be automatically renewed for a one-year term each anniversary date thereafter unless earlier terminated as described below. The Company’s independent directors reviewed the Manager’s performance and the fees that may be payable to the Manager annually and, following the initial term, the Management Agreement could be terminated if there was an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Company’s independent directors determining that (1) there had been unsatisfactory performance by the Manager that is materially detrimental to the Company or (2) the compensation payable to the Manager, in the form of base management fees and incentive fees taken as a whole, or the amount thereof, was not fair to the Company, subject to the Manager’s right to prevent such termination due to unfair fees by accepting reduced compensation as agreed to by at least two-thirds of the Company’s independent directors. The Company was required to provide the Manager 180 days’ prior written notice of any such termination.
The Company could also terminate the Management Agreement for cause (as defined in the Management Agreement) at any time, including during the initial term, without the payment of any termination fee, with at least 30 days’ prior written notice from the Company’s Board of Directors. Unless terminated for cause, the Manager would be paid a termination fee as described below. The Manager could terminate the Management Agreement if the Company was required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act with such termination deemed to occur immediately before such event, in which case the Company would not be required to pay a termination fee. The Manager could have declined to renew the Management Agreement by providing the Company with 180 days’ prior written notice, in which case the Company would not be required to pay a termination fee. The Manager could also terminate the Management Agreement with at least 60 days’ prior written notice if the Company breached the Management Agreement in any material respect or otherwise was unable to perform its obligations thereunder and the breach continued for a period of 30 days after written notice to the Company, in which case the Manager would be paid a termination fee as described below.
In November 2019, the Manager, the Company and the OP amended and restated the Management Agreement to modify the “Core Earnings” definition, providing that “unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments” shall only be applied as exclusions from the definition of Core Earnings if approved by a majority of the independent directors of the Company. Such change became effective during the fourth quarter of 2019 and resulted in a reduction to Core Earnings which thereby reduced the annual management fee and any incentive fee paid by the Company due to accumulated unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments to date.
Internalization
On April 30, 2021, the Company completed the Internalization, including the internalization of the Company’s management and operating functions and terminated its relationship with its Manager, a subsidiary of DigitalBridge, in accordance with the Termination Agreement. The Company paid the Manager a one-time termination fee of $102.3 million and additional closing costs of $0.3 million. The Company will not pay management or incentive fees to the Manager for any post-closing period. Refer to Note 1, “Business and Organization,” for further details.
Fees to Manager
Base Management Fee
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer pays a base management fee to the Manager.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The base management fee payable to the Manager under the Management Agreement was equal to 1.5% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement), per annum (0.375% per quarter), payable quarterly in arrears in cash. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the Company’s stockholders’ equity means: (a) the sum of (1) the net proceeds received by the Company (or, without duplication, the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP) from all issuances of the Company’s or such subsidiaries’ common and preferred equity securities since inception (allocated on a pro rata basis for such issuances during the calendar quarter of any such issuance), plus (2) the Company’s cumulative Core Earnings (as defined in the Management Agreement) from and after the Closing Date to the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter, less (b)(1) any distributions to the Company’s common stockholders (or owners of common equity of the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP, other than the Company or any of such subsidiaries), (2) any amount that the Company or any of the Company’s direct subsidiaries, such as the OP, have paid to (x) repurchase for cash the Company’s common stock or common equity securities of such subsidiaries or (y) repurchase or redeem for cash the Company’s preferred equity securities or preferred equity securities of such subsidiaries, in each case since the Closing Date and (3) any incentive fee (as described below) paid to the Manager since the Closing Date.
The Company did not incur any management fee expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and incurred $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the total management fee expense incurred was $7.1 million and $22.2 million, respectively.
Incentive Fee
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer pays an incentive fee to the Manager.
The incentive fee payable to the Manager under the Management Agreement was equal to the difference between (i) the product of (a) 20% and (b) the difference between (1) Core Earnings (as defined in the Management Agreement) for the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), including the current quarter, and (2) the product of (A) common equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) in the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), and (B) 7% per annum and (ii) the sum of any incentive fee paid to the Manager with respect to the first three calendar quarters of the most recent 12-month period (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 months since the Closing Date), provided, however, that no incentive fee is payable with respect to any calendar quarter unless Core Earnings (as defined in the Management Agreement) is greater than zero for the most recently completed 12 calendar quarters (or the Closing Date if it has been less than 12 calendar quarters since the Closing Date).
The Company did not incur any incentive fees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
Reimbursements of Expenses
Following the Internalization on April 30, 2021, the Company no longer reimburses expenses incurred by the Manager.
Reimbursement of expenses related to the Company incurred by the Manager, including legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other services were paid on the Company’s behalf by the OP or its designee(s). The Company reimbursed the Manager for the Company’s allocable share of the salaries and other compensation of the Company’s chief financial officer and certain of its affiliates’ non-investment personnel who spent all or a portion of their time managing the Company’s affairs, and the Company’s share of such costs were based upon the percentage of such time devoted by personnel of the Manager (or its affiliates) to the Company’s affairs. The Company may have been required to pay the Company’s pro rata portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Manager and its affiliates required for the Company’s operations.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Manager did not incur any expenses on behalf of the Company that were reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the total reimbursements of expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company and reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement was $3.1 million, and are included in administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the total reimbursements of expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company and reimbursable in accordance with the Management Agreement was $2.0 million and $7.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, there was $2.7 million of unpaid expenses included in due to related party in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Equity Plan Grants
In January 2021, the Company granted 1,420,000 shares of restricted stock and 276,000 PSUs to certain employees of the Manager under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). Following the Internalization, these employees became
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
employees of the Company. In April 2020, the Company granted 143,000 shares to its chief executive officer. In March 2019, the Company granted 800,000 shares to the Manager and/or employees thereof under the 2018 Plan. In March 2018, the Company granted 978,946 shares to its non-independent directors, officers and the Manager and/or employees thereof under the 2018 Plan. 1,550,862 shares remain granted and unvested as of September 30, 2021. See Note 11, “Equity-Based Compensation” for further discussion on the 2018 Plan including shares issued to independent directors of the Company. In connection with these grants, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $2.6 million and $12.1 million within administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and $3.0 million to its Manager within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
Investment Activity
All investment acquisitions are approved in accordance with the Company’s investment and related party guidelines, which may include approval by either the audit committee or disinterested members of the Company’s Board of Directors. No investment by the Company will require approval under the related party transaction policy solely because such investment constitutes a co-investment made by and between the Company and any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and one or more investment vehicles formed, sponsored, or managed by an affiliate of the Manager on the other hand.
In July 2017, NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc., a Maryland corporation which merged with and into the Company as part of the Company’s formation transactions (“NorthStar II”), entered into a joint venture with an affiliate of the Manager to make a $60.0 million investment in a $180.0 million mezzanine loan which was originated by such affiliate of the Manager. The transaction was approved by NorthStar II’s board of directors, including all of its independent directors. The investment was purchased by the Company in connection with the Combination. In June 2018, the Company increased its commitment to $101.8 million in connection with the joint venture bifurcating the mezzanine loan into a mezzanine loan and a preferred equity investment. The Company’s interest in both the underlying mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment is 31.8%, and the affiliate entities own the remaining 68.2%. Both the underlying mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment carry a fixed 13.0% interest rate. This investment is recorded in investments in unconsolidated ventures in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In July 2019, the Company increased its commitment in the mezzanine loan from $101.8 million to $189.0 million. The Company’s interest in the upsized mezzanine loan is 45.2% and it carries a fixed 13.0% interest rate. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company made its pro-rata share of two protective advances to the senior mortgage lender totaling $28.5 million. The Company placed this investment on nonaccrual status as of April 1, 2020. In September 2020 the Company’s mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment was converted into a mezzanine participation. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
In July 2018, the Company acquired a $326.8 million Class A office campus located in Norway from an affiliate of the Company’s Manager. In connection with the purchase, the Company assumed senior mortgage financing from a private bond issuance of $197.7 million. The bonds have a five-year term remaining, and carry a fixed interest rate of 3.91%.
In July 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture to invest in a development project for land and a Grade A office building in Ireland. The Company agreed to invest up to $69.9 million of the $139.7 million total commitment. The Company co-invested along with two affiliates of the Manager, with the Company owning 50.0% of the joint venture and the affiliate entities owning the remaining 50.0%. The joint venture invested in a senior mortgage loan of $66.7 million with a fixed interest rate of 12.5% and a maturity date of 3.5 years from origination and common equity. This investment is included as part of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
In October 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture to invest in a mixed-use development project in Ireland. The Company agreed to invest up to $162.4 million of the $266.5 million total commitment. The Company co-invested along with two affiliates of the Manager, with the Company owning 61.0% of the joint venture and the affiliate entities owning the remaining 39.0%. The joint venture invested in a senior mortgage loan with a fixed interest rate of 15.0% and a maturity date of two years from origination. The Company placed this investment on nonaccrual status as of July 1, 2020. This investment is included as part of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures,” for further information.
11. Equity-Based Compensation
On January 29, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of awards with respect to 4.0 million shares of the Class A common stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Plan. Awards may be granted under the 2018 Plan to (x) the Manager or any employee, officer, director, consultant or advisor (who is a natural person) providing services to the Company, the Manager or their affiliates and (y) any other individual whose
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
participation in the 2018 Plan is determined to be in the best interests of the Company. The following types of awards may be made under the 2018 Plan, subject to the limitations set forth in the plan: (i) stock options (which may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options); (ii) stock appreciation rights; (iii) restricted stock awards; (iv) stock units; (v) unrestricted stock awards; (vi) dividend equivalent rights; (vii) performance awards; (viii) annual cash incentive awards; (ix) long-term incentive units; and (x) other equity-based awards.
Shares subject to an award granted under the 2018 Plan will be counted against the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance thereunder as one share of Class A common stock for every one share of Class A common stock subject to such an award. Shares subject to an award granted under the 2018 Plan will again become available for issuance under the 2018 Plan if the award terminates by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or otherwise without the issuance of such shares (except as set forth in the following sentence). The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan will not be increased by (i) any shares tendered or withheld in connection with the purchase of shares upon exercise of a stock option, (ii) any shares deducted or delivered in connection with the Company’s tax withholding obligations, or (iii) any shares purchased by the Company with proceeds from stock option exercises. The shares granted in May 2020 to the independent directors of the Company under the 2018 Plan vested in May 2021. The shares granted in June 2021 to the independent directors, and in October to the newly appointed independent director, of the Company under the 2018 Plan vest in May 2022. Shares granted to non-independent directors, officers and the Manager under the 2018 Plan vest ratably in three annual installments.
Restricted Stock—Restricted stock awards relating to the Company’s class A common stock are granted to certain employees of the Manager and independent directors of the Company, with a service condition only and are generally subject to annual time-based vesting in equal tranches over a three-year period. Restricted stock is entitled to dividends declared and paid on the Company’s class A common stock and such dividends are not forfeitable prior to vesting of the award. Restricted stock awards are valued based on the Company’s class A common stock price on grant date and equity-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite three-year service period. Some employees of the Manager who were granted restricted stock under the 2018 Plan became employees of the Company following the Internalization on April 30, 2021. The shares held by substantially all remaining employees of the Manager vested following the Internalization.
Performance Stock Units (“PSU”)—PSUs are granted to certain employees of the Company and are subject to both a service condition and a performance condition. Following the end of the measurement period for the PSUs, the recipients of PSUs may be eligible to vest in all or a portion of PSUs granted, and be issued a number of shares of the Company’s class A common stock, ranging from 0% to 200% of the number of PSUs granted and eligible to vest, to be determined based upon the performance of the Company's class A common stock relative to the Company’s GAAP book value at the end of a two-year measurement period. PSUs also contain dividend equivalent rights which entitle the recipients to a payment equal to the amount of dividends that would have been paid on the shares that are ultimately issued at the end of the measurement period.
Fair value of PSUs, including dividend equivalent rights, was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, with the following assumptions:
2021 Grant
Expected volatility(1)
86.6 %
Risk free rate(2)
0.1 %
Expected dividend yield(3)
— 

(1)Based upon the Company’s historical stock volatility.
(2)Based upon the continuously compounded zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield for the term coinciding with the measurement period of the award as of valuation date.
(3)Based upon the dividend yield in place as of the grant date.
Fair value of PSU awards, excluding dividend equivalent rights, is recognized on a straight-line basis over their measurement period as compensation expense, and is subject to reversal if the performance condition is not achieved.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The table below summarizes the Company’s awards granted, forfeited or vested under the 2018 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted StockPSUsTotalRestricted StockPSUs
Unvested shares at December 31, 2020885,070 — 885,070 $16.16 $— 
Granted1,458,060 276,000 1,734,060 8.35 11.96 
Vested(792,268)(4,000)(796,268)15.64 11.96 
Unvested shares at September 30, 20211,550,862 272,000 1,822,862 12.40 11.96 
Fair value of equity awards that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, determined based on their respective fair values at vesting date, was $3.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Fair value of granted awards is determined based on the closing price of the Class A common stock on the date of grant of the awards. Equity-based compensation is classified within administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
At September 30, 2021, aggregate unrecognized compensation cost for all unvested equity awards was $10.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.
12. Stockholders’ Equity
Authorized Capital
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had the authority to issue up to 1.0 billion shares of stock, at $0.01 par value per share, consisting of 950.0 million shares of Class A common stock and 50.0 million shares of preferred stock.
The Company had no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021.
Dividends
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company declared the following dividends on its common stock:
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DatePer Share
February 24, 2021March 31, 2021April 15, 2021$0.10
April 30, 2021June 30, 2021July 15, 2021$0.14
August 4, 2021September 30, 2021October 15, 2021$0.16
Subsequent to September 30, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.18 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021, payable on January 14, 2022 to stockholders of record on December 31, 2021.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present the changes in each component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”) attributable to stockholders and noncontrolling interests in the OP, net of immaterial tax effect.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Changes in Components of AOCI - Stockholders
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2020$275 $47,127 $7,186 $54,588 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification(1,035)— (7,547)(8,582)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI760 — — 760 
Net current period OCI(275)— (7,547)(7,822)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $47,127 $(361)$46,766 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification— — 1,966 1,966 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 1,966 1,966 
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $47,127 $1,605 $48,732 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (3,926)(3,926)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (3,926)(3,926)
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $47,127 $(2,321)$44,806 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$15,909 $25,872 $(13,487)$28,294 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(73,273)21,255 (18,981)(70,999)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(57,364)$47,127 $(32,468)$(42,705)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification(26,905)— 10,581 (16,324)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI84,269 — — 84,269 
Net current period OCI57,364 — 10,581 67,945 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $47,127 $(21,887)$25,240 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification6,018 — 11,443 17,461 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1,748)— — (1,748)
Net current period OCI4,270 — 11,443 15,713 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$4,270 $47,127 $(10,444)$40,953 


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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Changes in Components of AOCI - Noncontrolling Interests in the OP
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation lossTotal
AOCI at December 31, 2020$(73)$1,403 $(272)$1,058 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification98 — (210)(112)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(25)— — (25)
Net current period OCI73 — (210)(137)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $1,403 $(482)$921 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (89)(89)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (89)(89)
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $1,403 $(571)$832 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification— — (93)(93)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — (93)(93)
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $1,403 $(664)$739 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2019$612 $893 $(801)$704 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,756)509 (455)(1,702)
AOCI at March 31, 2020$(1,144)$1,402 $(1,256)$(998)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification(872)— 259 (613)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI2,016 — — 2,016 
Net current period OCI1,144 — 259 1,403 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $1,402 $(997)$405 
Other comprehensive income before reclassification63 — 298 361 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(42)— — (42)
Net current period OCI21 — 298 319 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$21 $1,402 $(699)$724 


Changes in Components of AOCI - Noncontrolling Interests in investment entities

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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gain (loss)Total
AOCI at December 31, 2020$— $— $2,193 $2,193 
Other comprehensive income— — (776)(776)
AOCI at March 31, 2021$— $— $1,417 $1,417 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification— — 336 336 
Amounts reclassified from OCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 336 336 
AOCI at June 30, 2021$— $— $1,753 $1,753 
Other comprehensive income— — 119 119 
Amounts reclassified from OCI— — — — 
Net current period OCI— — 119 119 
AOCI at September 30, 2021$— $— $1,872 $1,872 

(in thousands)Unrealized gain (loss) on real estate securities, available for saleUnrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedgesForeign currency translation gainTotal
AOCI at December 31, 2019$— $— $— $— 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — 
AOCI at March 31, 2020$— $— $— $— 
Other comprehensive income— — 257257 
AOCI at June 30, 2020$— $— $257 $257 
Other comprehensive income— — 915 915 
AOCI at September 30, 2020$— $— $1,172 $1,172 

The following table presents the details of the reclassifications from AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

(in thousands)
Component of AOCI reclassified into earningsNine Months Ended September 30, 2021Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
Realized gain on sale of real estate securities$104 Other gain (loss), net
Impairment of real estate securities$(967)Other gain (loss), net
13. Noncontrolling Interests
Operating Partnership
Noncontrolling interests include the aggregate limited partnership interests in the OP held by an affiliate of DigitalBridge. Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests is based on the limited partners’ ownership percentage of the OP. Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the OP was $1.6 million and $4.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest of the OP for three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.2 million and net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership was $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
Investment Entities
Noncontrolling interests in investment entities represent third-party equity interests in ventures that are consolidated with the Company’s financial statements. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the investment entities was $0.1 million and $3.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
interests in the investment entities for three months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.2 million and net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the investments entities was $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
5-Investment Preferred Financing
On June 5, 2020, subsidiaries of the Company entered into a preferred financing arrangement (on a portfolio of 5 underlying Company investment interests) (the “5-Investment Preferred Financing”) from investment vehicles managed by Goldman Sachs (“GS”). The preferred financing provided $200 million of proceeds at closing.
The preferred financing is limited to (i) the Company’s interests in 4 co-investments alongside investment funds managed by affiliates of the Company’s former Manager, each of which are financings on underlying development projects (including residential, office and/or mixed-use components), and (ii) a wholly-owned triple-net industrial distribution center investment leased to a national grocery chain. The preferred financing provides GS a 10% preferred return and certain other minimum returns, as well as a minority interest in future cash flows.
The preferred financing resulted in a reallocation of a portion of stockholders equity to noncontrolling interest, resulting in a $69 million day-one reduction in stockholders equity. The transaction resulted in the Company receiving net liquidity of approximately $170 million, net of approximately $30 million in paydowns under the Company’s Bank Credit Facility. The preferred financing provides the ability to draw down up to $29 million additional commitments from GS for future advances to the portfolio, if any, at the Company’s same advance rate.
The preferred financing provides for a disproportionate allocation of profits and losses, and thus each party’s share of earnings or loss is determined using a balance sheet approach known as the HLBV method. Under the HLBV method, earnings and losses are recognized based on the change in each party’s capital account from the beginning of the period in question to the end of the period, adjusting for the effects of distributions and new investments. The entity measures each party’s capital account assuming that the subsidiary was liquidated or sold at book value.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company has drawn-down additional funds of $2.1 million from GS and completed $16.3 million in cash distributions to GS. The noncontrolling interest in investment entities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet includes $219.6 million representing GS’s investment at September 30, 2021 under the HLBV method.
In July 2021, the Company agreed to sell the 4 co-investments within the 5-Investment Preferred Financing. Refer to Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures” for more details on this transaction.
14. Fair Value
Determination of Fair Value
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value of assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.
PE Investments
The Company accounts for PE Investments at fair value which is determined based on either a valuation model using assumptions for the timing and amount of expected future cash flow for income and realization events for the underlying assets in the funds and discount rate, or pending sales prices, if applicable. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, unless the PE Investments are valued based on pending sales prices, which are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company considers cash flow and NAV information provided by general partners of the underlying funds (“GP NAV”) and the implied yields of those funds in valuing its PE Investments. The Company also considers the values derived from the valuation model as a percentage of GP NAV, and compares the resulting percentage of GP NAV to precedent transactions, independent research, industry reports as well as pricing from executed purchase and sale agreements related to the disposition of its PE Investments. The Company may, as a result of that comparison, apply a mark-to-market adjustment. The Company has not elected the practical expedient to measure the fair value of its PE Investments using the NAV of the underlying funds.
Real Estate Securities
CRE securities are generally valued using a third-party pricing service or broker quotations. These quotations are not adjusted and are based on observable inputs that can be validated, and as such, are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain CRE securities may be valued based on a single broker quote, dealer bid or an internal price. Situations where
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
management applies adjustments based on or using unobservable inputs and would be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Management determines the prices are representative of fair value through a review of available data, including observable inputs, recent transactions as well as its knowledge of and experience in the market.
Investing VIEs
As discussed in Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale,” the Company has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated Investing VIEs. The Investing VIEs are “static,” that is no reinvestment is permitted and there is very limited active management of the underlying assets. The Company is required to determine whether the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities of the Investing VIEs are more observable, but in either case, the methodology results in the fair value of the assets of the securitization trust being equal to the fair value of their liabilities. The Company has determined that the fair value of the liabilities of the securitization trust is more observable, since market prices for the liabilities are available from a third-party pricing service or are based on quoted prices provided by dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments. The financial assets of the securitization trust is not readily marketable and their fair value measurement requires information that may be limited in availability.
In determining the fair value of the trust’s financial liabilities, the dealers will consider contractual cash payments and yields expected by market participants. Dealers also incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security including coupon, periodic and life caps, collateral type, rate reset period and seasoning or age of the security. The Company’s collateralized mortgage obligations are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, where a third-party pricing service or broker quotations are available and are based on observable valuation inputs, and as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, where internal price is utilized based on or using unobservable inputs. In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, the assets of the securitization trust are an aggregate value derived from the fair value of the trust’s liabilities, and the Company has determined that the valuation of the trust’s assets in their entirety including its retained interests from the securitizations (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP) should be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivatives
Derivative instruments consist of interest rate contracts and foreign exchange contracts that are generally traded over-the-counter, and are valued using a third-party service provider. Quotations on over-the counter derivatives are not adjusted and are generally valued using observable inputs such as contractual cash flows, yield curve, foreign currency rates and credit spreads, and are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Although credit valuation adjustments, such as the risk of default, rely on Level 3 inputs, these inputs are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, derivative valuations in their entirety are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Financial assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table presents financial assets that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 by level within the fair value hierarchy (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments$— $— $4,848 $4,848 $— $5 $6,878 $6,883 
Real estate securities, available for sale— 3,945 — 3,945 — 10,389 — 10,389 
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value— — 840,341 840,341 — — 1,768,069 1,768,069 
Other assets - derivative assets— 4,389 — 4,389 — 386 — 386 
Liabilities:
Mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value$— $800,831 $— $800,831 $— $1,708,534 $— $1,708,534 
Other liabilities - derivative liabilities— 15 — 15 — 37 — 37 
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the changes in fair value of financial assets which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Year Ended December 31, 2020
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Investments in unconsolidated ventures - PE Investments
Mortgage loans held in securitization trusts(1)
Beginning balance$6,878 $1,768,069 $8,858 $1,872,970 
Distributions/paydowns(1,957)(70,838)(2,649)(76,719)
Sale of investments— (28,662)— — 
Deconsolidation of securitization trust(2)
— (802,196)— — 
Equity in earnings(73)— 669 — 
Unrealized loss in earnings— (2,649)— (28,182)
Realized loss in earnings— (23,383)— — 
Ending balance$4,848 $840,341 $6,878 $1,768,069 

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of $2.6 million related to mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value and an unrealized gain of $34.6 million related to mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts, at fair value.
(2)In April 2021, the Company sold its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust. As a results of the sale, the Company deconsolidated one of the securitization trusts. See Note 5, “Real Estate Securities, Available for Sale” for further information.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow model, comparable precedent transactions and other market information to quantify Level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the key unobservable inputs used in the analysis of PE Investments included discount rates with a range of 11.0% to 12.0% and timing and amount of expected future cash flows. As of September 30, 2021, the key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts included a blended yield of 22.2% and a weighted average life of 5.7 years. As of December 31, 2020, the key unobservable inputs included yields ranging from 21.1% to 53.7%, respectively, and a weighted average life of 5.0 years. Significant increases or decreases in any one of the inputs described above in isolation may result in significantly different fair value of the financial assets and liabilities using such Level 3 inputs.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a $23.4 million realized loss on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value, which is comprised of a $19.5 million loss upon the sale of the Company’s retained interests in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust. Additionally, the Company recorded a realized loss of $3.9 million related to the sale of an underlying loan held within one of its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of another securitization trust, of which the realized loss was previously included in the Company’s loss projections and therefore no fair value write down was required in the third quarter of 2021.
Fair Value Option
The Company may elect to apply the fair value option of accounting for certain of its financial assets or liabilities due to the nature of the instrument at the time of the initial recognition of the investment. The Company elected the fair value option for PE Investments and eligible financial assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs because management believes it is a more useful presentation for such investments. The Company determined recording the PE Investments based on the change in fair value of projected future cash flow from one period to another better represents the underlying economics of the respective investment. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company has elected not to apply the fair value option for any other eligible financial assets or liabilities.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In addition to the above disclosures regarding financial assets or liabilities which are recorded at fair value, U.S. GAAP requires disclosure of fair value about all financial instruments. The following disclosure of estimated fair value of financial instruments was determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on estimated fair value.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the principal amount, carrying value and fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Principal AmountCarrying ValueFair ValuePrincipal AmountCarrying ValueFair Value
Financial assets:(1)
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$3,180,992 $3,123,506 (2)$3,138,262 $2,225,856 (2)$2,183,497 $2,189,006 
Financial liabilities:(1)
Securitization bonds payable, net$1,510,423 $1,500,223 $1,510,423 $840,423 $835,153 $840,423 
Mortgage and other notes payable, net764,981 764,731 764,981 1,025,455 1,022,757 1,025,455 
Master repurchase facilities558,462 558,462 558,462 535,224 535,224 535,224 

(1)The fair value of other financial instruments not included in this table is estimated to approximate their carrying value.
(2)Excludes future funding commitments of$233.7 million and $163.0 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Disclosure about fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to management as of September 30, 2021. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect fair value, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these consolidated financial statements since that date and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.
Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, Net
For loans and preferred equity held for investment, net, fair values were determined: (i) by comparing the current yield to the estimated yield for newly originated loans with similar credit risk or the market yield at which a third party might expect to purchase such investment; or (ii) based on discounted cash flow projections of principal and interest expected to be collected, which includes consideration of the financial standing of the borrower or sponsor as well as operating results of the underlying collateral. These fair value measurements of CRE debt are generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, are classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Carrying values of loans and preferred equity held for investment are presented net of allowance for loan losses, where applicable.
Securitization Bonds Payable, Net
The Company’s securitization bonds payable, net bear floating rates of interest. As of September 30, 2021, the Company believes the carrying value approximates fair value. These fair value measurements are based on observable inputs, and as such, are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Mortgage and Other Notes Payable, Net
For mortgage and other notes payable, net, the Company primarily uses rates currently available with similar terms and remaining maturities to estimate fair value. These measurements are determined using comparable U.S. Treasury rates as of the end of the reporting period. These fair value measurements are based on observable inputs, and as such, are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Master Repurchase Facilities
The Company has amounts outstanding under Master Repurchase Facilities. The Master Repurchase Facilities bear floating rates of interest. As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company believes the carrying value approximates fair value. These fair value measurements are based on observable inputs, and as such, are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Other
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accrued and other liabilities approximate fair value due to their short term nature and credit risk, if any, are negligible.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Nonrecurring Fair Values
The Company measures fair value of certain assets on a nonrecurring basis when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Adjustments to fair value generally result from the application of lower of amortized cost or fair value accounting for assets held for sale or write-down of asset values due to impairment.
The following table summarizes assets carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 20192021 (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $104,797 $104,797 
Loans held for sale0 0 0 0 0 0 5,016 5,016 
Real estate, net0 0 0 0 0 0 423,540 423,540 
Real estate assets held for sale0 0 142,559 142,559 0 0 117,880 117,880 
Investments in unconsolidated ventures0 0 0 0 0 0 124,860 124,860 
Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net0 0 0 0 0 0 41,862 41,862 
The following table summarizes the fair value write-downs to assets carried at nonrecurring fair values during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Loans:
Loans and preferred equity held for investment, net (1)
$0 $99,729 $2,346 $209,987 
Loans held for sale (1)
0 10,584 31,581 10,584 
Total$0 $110,313 $33,927 $220,571 
Real Estate:
Real estate, net$0 $216,437 $0 $226,561 
Real estate held for sale4,565 56,285 30,500 56,285 
Total$4,565 $272,722 $30,500 $282,846 
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures:
Investments in unconsolidated ventures$0 $17,600 $0 $17,600 
Total$0 $17,600 $0 $17,600 
September 30, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Investments in unconsolidated ventures(1)
$— $— $123,301 $123,301 

(1)See Note 3 “Loans and Preferred Equity Held for Investment, net and Loans Held for Sale’4 “Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures” for further details.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Real estate held for sale consisted of certain properties in the Company’s portfolio of real estate in its Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio segment. The amount of the impairment recognized was determined based on feedback received during the sales process. TheCompany did not hold any assets carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of the impaired properties was determined based on broker price opinions, executed purchase and sale agreements and third party bids received which utilized terminal capitalization rates ranging from 6% to 16%.December 31, 2020.
15. Derivatives
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the risk of changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates, arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative instruments to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and cash payments, the values of which are driven by interest rates, principally relating to the Company’s investments. Additionally, the Company’s foreign operations expose the Company to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The Company enters into derivative instruments to protect the value or fix certain of these foreign denominatedforeign-denominated amounts in terms of its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. Derivative instruments used in the Company’s risk management activities may be designated as qualifying hedge accounting relationships designated hedges or non-designated hedges.
As of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, fair value of derivative assets and derivative liabilities were as follows (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019Non-Designated Hedges
Non-Designated HedgesTotalDesignated HedgesNon-Designated HedgesTotalSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Derivative AssetsDerivative AssetsDerivative Assets
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts$1,974 $1,974 $0 $4,122 $4,122 Foreign exchange contracts$4,389 $386 
Interest rate contracts7 7 0 0 0 
Included in other assetsIncluded in other assets$1,981 $1,981 $0 $4,122 $4,122 Included in other assets$4,389 $386 
Derivative LiabilitiesDerivative LiabilitiesDerivative Liabilities
Foreign exchange contracts$0 $0 $(2,128)$(29)$(2,157)
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contracts(37)(37)0 (16,976)(16,976)Interest rate contracts$(15)$(37)
Included in accrued and other liabilitiesIncluded in accrued and other liabilities$(37)$(37)$(2,128)$(17,005)$(19,133)Included in accrued and other liabilities$(15)$(37)
As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company’s counterparties held $0.1 million in cash collateral.
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate contracts as of September 30, 2020:2021:
Type of DerivativesNotional CurrencyNotional Amount (in thousands)Range of Maturity Dates
DesignatedNon-Designated
Put OptionNOK0 928,000 July 2021
Interest Rate SwapUSD$0 $109,526 April 2021 - July 2023
62
Type of DerivativesNotional CurrencyNotional Amount (in thousands)Range of Maturity Dates
Non-Designated
FX ForwardNOK231,317 November 2021 - May 2024
FX ForwardEUR120,000 December 2021
Interest Rate SwapUSD30,879 April 2022 - July 2023

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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The table below represents the effect of the derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Other gain (loss), net
Non-designated foreign exchange contracts$99 $2,016 $4,573 $2,394 
Non-designated interest rate contracts7 (4,688)(17,084)(14,949)
$106 $(2,672)$(12,511)$(12,555)
Other income
Non-designated foreign exchange contracts$0 $0 $178 $0 
Non-designated interest rate contracts0 0 0 0 
$0 $0 $178 $0 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Designated foreign exchange contracts$0 $12,791 $21,764 $21,124 
$0 $12,791 $21,764 $21,124 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received $28.2 million from the unwind of its NOK and EUR FX forwards and realized a gain of $8.7 million which is included in other loss, net on its consolidated statements of operations.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company unwound its remaining interest rate swaps and realized a loss of $34.0 million, which is included in other loss, net on its consolidated statement of operations. This was previously recorded as an unrealized loss as of March 31, 2020.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021202020212020
Other gain (loss), net
Non-designated foreign exchange contracts$3,304 $99 $4,257 $4,573 
Non-designated interest rate contracts4 7 22 (17,084)
$3,308 $106 $4,279 $(12,511)
Other income
Non-designated foreign exchange contracts$— $— $— $178 
$— $— $— $178 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Designated foreign exchange contracts$— $— $— $21,764 
$— $— $— $21,764 
At the end of each quarter, the Company reassesses the effectiveness of its net investment hedges and as appropriate, dedesignates the portion of the derivative notional that is in excess of the beginning balance of its net investments as non-designated hedges. Any unrealized gain or loss on the dedesignated portion of net investment hedges is transferred into earnings, recorded in other gain (loss), net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, 0no gain (loss) was transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
The Company enters into agreements subject to enforceable netting arrangements with its derivative counterparties that allow the Company to offset the settlement of derivative assets and liabilities in the same currency by derivative instrument type or, in the event of default by the counterparty, to offset all derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty. The Company has elected not to net derivative asset and liability positions, notwithstanding the conditions for right of offset may have been met. The Company presents derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty on a gross basis on the consolidated balance sheets.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table sets forth derivative positions where the Company has a right of offset under netting arrangements with the same counterparty as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Gross Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Included on Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset on Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Assets (Liabilities)Gross Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Included on Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Assets (Liabilities)
(Assets) LiabilitiesCash Collateral Pledged
September 30, 2020
September 30, 2021September 30, 2021
Derivative AssetsDerivative AssetsDerivative Assets
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts$1,974 $0 $0 $1,974 Foreign exchange contracts$4,389 $4,389 
Interest rate contracts7 (7)0 0 
$1,981 $(7)$0 $1,974 $4,389 $4,389 
Derivative LiabilitiesDerivative LiabilitiesDerivative Liabilities
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contracts$(37)$7 $30 $0 Interest rate contracts$(15)$(15)
$(37)$7 $30 $0 $(15)$(15)
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020
Derivative AssetsDerivative AssetsDerivative Assets
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts$4,122 $(2,157)$0 $1,965 Foreign exchange contracts$386 $386 
$4,122 $(2,157)$0 $1,965 $386 $386 
Derivative LiabilitiesDerivative LiabilitiesDerivative Liabilities
Foreign exchange contracts$(2,157)$2,157 $0 $0 
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contracts(16,976)0 16,976 0 Interest rate contracts$(37)$(37)
$(19,133)$2,157 $16,976 $0 $(37)$(37)
The Company did not offset any of its derivatives positions as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company entered into 3 USD-EUR forward swaps for a total notional amount of 120 million EUR in order to minimize foreign currency cash flow risk on the Company’s European denominated assets. These forward swaps mature on December 31, 2021, where the Company has agreed to sell EUR and buy USD at a locked in forward curve rate.
16. Commitments and Contingencies
Lending Commitments
The Company has lending commitments to borrowers pursuant to certain loan agreements in which the borrower may submit a request for funding contingent on achieving certain criteria, which must be approved by the Company as lender, such as leasing, performance of capital expenditures and construction in progress with an approved budget. At September 30, 2020,2021, assuming the terms to qualify for future fundings, if any, had been met, total unfunded lending commitments for loans and preferred equity held for investment was $146.3$226.2 million for senior loans $12.1 million for securitized loans, $0.1 million for corporate term loans and $14.7$7.5 million for mezzanine loans. Total unfunded commitments for equity method investments was $24.6$4.5 million.
Ground Lease Obligation
The Company’s operating leases are ground leases acquired with real estate.
At September 30, 2020,2021, the weighted average remaining lease terms were 14.4term was 13.9 years for ground leases.
The following table presents ground lease expense, included in property operating expense, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Operating lease expense:Operating lease expense:Operating lease expense:
Minimum lease expenseMinimum lease expense$805 $791 $2,407 $2,335 Minimum lease expense$761 $805 $2,290 $2,407 
Variable lease expense0 0 0 0 
$805 $791 $2,407 $2,335 
$761 $805 $2,290 $2,407 
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The operating lease liability for ground leases was determined using a weighted average discount rate of 5.2%5.3%. The following table presents future minimum rental payments, excluding contingent rents, on noncancellable ground leases on real estate as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Remainder of 2020$796 
20213,171 
20223,199 
20233,229 
20242,338 
2025 and thereafter21,725 
Total lease payments34,458 
Less: Present value discount11,140 
Operating lease liability (Note 8)$23,318 

Remainder of 2021$768 
20223,099 
20233,110 
20242,213 
20252,148 
2026 and thereafter19,327 
Total lease payments30,665 
Less: Present value discount9,759 
Operating lease liability (Note 8)$20,906 
The following table presents future minimum rental payments, excluding contingent rents, on noncancellable ground leases on real estate as of December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
2020$3,232 
202120213,216 2021$3,071 
202220223,244 20223,099 
202320233,274 20233,110 
202420242,383 20242,213 
2025 and thereafter23,079 
202520252,148 
2026 and thereafter2026 and thereafter19,327 
Total lease paymentsTotal lease payments38,428 Total lease payments32,968 
Less: Present value discountLess: Present value discount12,933 Less: Present value discount10,782 
Operating lease liability (Note 8)Operating lease liability (Note 8)$25,495 Operating lease liability (Note 8)$22,186 
Office Lease
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an office lease in New York.
At September 30, 2021, the remaining lease term was 7.0 years for the New York office lease.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the following table summarizes lease expense, included in administrative expense (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Corporate Office
Operating lease expense:
   Fixed lease expense$333 
$333 
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BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The operating lease liability for the office lease was determined using a weighted average discount rate of 2.36%. As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s future operating lease commitments for the corporate office was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Corporate Offices
Remainder of 2021$200 
2022798 
2023798 
2024798 
2025798 
2026 and thereafter2,195 
  Total lease payments5,587 
Less: Present value discount$386 
  Operating lease liability (Note 8)$5,201 
Litigation and Claims
The Company may be involved in litigation and claims in the ordinary course of the business. As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company was not involved in any legal proceedings that are expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
Internalization
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company finalized the internalization with its Manager. The Company entered into the Termination Agreement with its Manager pursuant to which the Management Agreement terminated effective April 30, 2021, and the Company will no longer pay base management fees or incentive fees with respect to any period thereafter and made a one-time cash payment of $102.3 million to the Manager.
Employment contracts
At March 31, 2021, the Company did not employ any personnel. Instead, the Company relied on the resources of its Manager and affiliates to conduct the Company’s operations. On April 30, 2021, the Company entered into employment agreements with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and certain of the Company’s senior management team, and in accordance with the terms of the Termination Agreement, the Company extended offers of employment to certain employees that have contributed substantially to the Company’s investment, underwriting, portfolio and asset management, loan servicing, financial reporting, treasury, legal, tax, credit, risk and compliance responsibilities employment, which have been accepted.
17. Segment Reporting
FollowingSince the Combination,third quarter of 2019, the Company conducted its business through the following 52 portfolios and accompanying operating segments: the Core Portfolio, which consisted of the loan portfolio, CRE debt securities, net leased real estate and corporate; and the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio segment, which consisted of direct investments in operating real estate, private equity investments, certain retail and other loans, as well as corporate-level asset management and corporate. Theother fees. Since then, the Company continually monitorshas resolved 56 investments in the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio and reviews itsthe remaining Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio net asset value represented less than 1% of the total net book value at the end of 2020. As such, the Company has dissolved the separate segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidanceof the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio segment as of the beginning of the first quarter of 2021. Prior periods have been recast to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact ourreflect these reportable segments.segments for all periods presented.
During the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2021, the Company realigned the business and reportable segment information to reflect how the CODM regularly review and manage the business. As a result, the Company presents its business segments as follows:one portfolio and the following business segments:
•Core Portfolio, which consists of the following 4 segments and remain unchanged from the prior segments:
◦Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity—CRE debt investments including senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, and preferred equity interests as well as participations in such loans. The segment also includes ADC loan arrangements accounted for as equity method investments.
◦•Net Leased and Other Real Estate—direct investments in CRE with long-term leases to tenants on a net lease basis,
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
where such tenants generally will be responsible for property operating expenses such as insurance, utilities, maintenance, capital expenditures and real estate taxes. It also includes other real estate, currently consisting of three investments with direct ownership in commercial real estate with an emphasis on properties with stable cash flow.
•CRE Debt Securities—investments currently consisting of BBB and some BB rated CMBS (including Non-Investment Grade “B-pieces” of a CMBS securitization pool), or CRE CLOs (including the junior tranches thereof, collateralized by pools of CRE debt investments). It also includes two sub-portfolios of private equity funds.
◦Net Leased Real Estate—direct investments in CRE with long-term leases to tenants on a net lease basis, where such tenants generally will be responsible for property operating expenses such as insurance, utilities, maintenance, capital expenditures and real estate taxes.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
◦•Corporate—includes corporate-level asset management and other fees including expenses related to the Bank Credit Facility, related party and general and administrative expenses to the Core Portfolio only.
•Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio—segment consists of direct investments in operating real estate such as multi-tenant office and multifamily residential assets such as real estate acquired in settlement of loans (“REO”) which the Company plans to exit. It also includes two portfolios of PE Investments and certain retail and other legacy loans originated prior to the Combination. This segment includes corporate-level asset management and other fees, related party and general and administrative expenses related to the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio only.expenses.
There were no changes in the structure of the Company’s internal organization that prompted the change in reportable segments. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current year presentation shown below.presentation. Accordingly, the Company realigned the discussion and analysis of its portfolio and results of operations to reflect these reportable segments.
The Company primarily generates revenue from net interest income on the loan, preferred equity and securities portfolios, rental and other income from its net leased, hotel, multi-tenant office, and multifamily real estate assets, as well as equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures. CRE debt securities include the Company’s investment in the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts which are eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s income is primarily derived through the difference between revenue and the cost at which the Company is able to finance its investments. The Company may also acquire investments which generate attractive returns without any leverage.
The following tables present segment reporting for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Core
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total Core PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotal
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net interest income (expense)$24,677 $2,338 $6 $(1,460)$25,561 $(338)$25,223 
Property and other income(14)0 21,121 76 21,183 20,525 41,708 
Management fee expense0 0 0 (6,445)(6,445)(638)(7,083)
Property operating expense0 0 (2,480)0 (2,480)(12,797)(15,277)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(210)(2)(364)(827)(1,403)(224)(1,627)
Interest expense on real estate0 0 (8,067)0 (8,067)(4,138)(12,205)
Depreciation and amortization0 0 (10,946)0 (10,946)(3,824)(14,770)
Provision for loan losses(11,229)0 0 0 (11,229)825 (10,404)
Impairment of operating real estate0 0 0 0 0 (3,451)(3,451)
Administrative expense(66)(281)(28)(4,163)(4,538)(1,242)(5,780)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 (13,750)0 588 (13,162)0 (13,162)
Other gain (loss), net(1,457)1,790 9,563 0 9,896 (216)9,680 
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes11,701 (9,905)8,805 (12,231)(1,630)(5,518)(7,148)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(1,652)0 0 0 (1,652)(127)(1,779)
Income tax benefit1,915 0 34 0 1,949 13,408 15,357 
Net income (loss)$11,964 $(9,905)$8,839 $(12,231)$(1,333)$7,763 $6,430 

Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased and Other Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Net interest income (expense)$33,110 $1,296 $— $(988)$33,418 
Property and other income760 (189)26,367 384 27,322 
Property operating expense— — (7,266)— (7,266)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(548)(4)(106)(428)(1,086)
Interest expense on real estate— — (7,968)— (7,968)
Depreciation and amortization— — (8,697)(153)(8,850)
Provision for loan losses(769)— — — (769)
Administrative expense(53)(229)— (11,530)(11,812)
Unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— 3,867 — — 3,867 
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— (3,867)— — (3,867)
Other gain, net— — 275 3,034 3,309 
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes32,500 874 2,605 (9,681)26,298 
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(95,977)— — — (95,977)
Income tax expense— (2,058)(7)— (2,065)
Net income (loss)$(63,477)$(1,184)$2,598 $(9,681)$(71,744)
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
CoreSenior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased and Other Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total Core PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotal
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net interest income (expense)Net interest income (expense)$21,295 $5,102 $0 $(2,363)$24,034 $2,077 $26,111 Net interest income (expense)$24,677 $2,338 $6 $(1,798)$25,223 
Property and other incomeProperty and other income209 200 28,316 369 29,094 35,218 64,312 Property and other income(14)225 41,421 76 41,708 
Management fee expenseManagement fee expense0 0 0 (9,084)(9,084)(2,271)(11,355)Management fee expense— — — (7,083)(7,083)
Property operating expenseProperty operating expense0 0 (8,340)0 (8,340)(21,416)(29,756)Property operating expense— — (15,277)— (15,277)
Transaction, investment and servicing expenseTransaction, investment and servicing expense(512)(3)(103)(245)(863)(570)(1,433)Transaction, investment and servicing expense(226)(12)(440)(949)(1,627)
Interest expense on real estateInterest expense on real estate0 0 (8,695)0 (8,695)(5,586)(14,281)Interest expense on real estate— — (12,205)— (12,205)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization0 0 (11,673)0 (11,673)(14,261)(25,934)Depreciation and amortization— — (14,770)— (14,770)
Provision for loan lossesProvision for loan losses0 0 0 0 0 (110,314)(110,314)Provision for loan losses(10,404)— — — (10,404)
Impairment of operating real estateImpairment of operating real estate0 0 (23,911)0 (23,911)(248,811)(272,722)Impairment of operating real estate— — (3,451)— (3,451)
Administrative expenseAdministrative expense(312)(244)(78)(3,537)(4,171)(3,561)(7,732)Administrative expense(41)(285)(69)(5,385)(5,780)
Unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 215 0 (2,191)(1,976)0 (1,976)
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 0 0 2,724 2,724 0 2,724 
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netUnrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— (13,750)— 588 (13,162)
Other gain (loss), netOther gain (loss), net(15)(4,683)2,019 (3)(2,682)(6)(2,688)Other gain (loss), net(1,457)1,790 9,347 — 9,680 
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxesIncome (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes20,665 587 (22,465)(14,330)(15,543)(369,501)(385,044)Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes12,535 (9,694)4,562 (14,551)(7,148)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated venturesEquity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures2,736 0 0 0 2,736 (18,641)(15,905)Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(1,779)— — — (1,779)
Income tax benefit (expense)0 0 (201)0 (201)(845)(1,046)
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit1,915 12,822 620 — 15,357 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$23,401 $587 $(22,666)$(14,330)$(13,008)$(388,987)$(401,995)Net income (loss)$12,671 $3,128 $5,182 $(14,551)$6,430 
_________________________________________

(1)Includes income earnedlosses incurred from the CRE securities purchased at a discount, recognized using the effective interest method had the transaction been recorded as an available for sale security, at amortized cost. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, and September 30, 2019, $0.6 million and $2.2 million, respectively, was attributable to discount accretion income and was eliminated in consolidation in the corporate segment. The corresponding interest expense is recorded in net interest income in the Corporate column.
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased and Other Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Net interest income (expense)$81,954 $4,930 $— $(3,027)$83,857 
Property and other income941 (136)76,972 1,221 78,998 
Management fee expense— — — (9,596)(9,596)
Property operating expense— — (22,135)— (22,135)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(1,800)(171)(283)(1,764)(4,018)
Interest expense on real estate— — (24,378)— (24,378)
Depreciation and amortization— — (28,185)(198)(28,383)
Provision for loan losses(5,194)— — — (5,194)
Administrative expense(593)(1,175)— (36,692)(38,460)
Restructuring charges— — — (109,321)(109,321)
Unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— 32,021 — — 32,021 
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— (23,383)— — (23,383)
Other gain (loss), net(400)(859)10,737 3,034 12,512 
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes74,908 11,227 12,728 (156,343)(57,480)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(132,043)(200)— — (132,243)
Income tax benefit (expense)— (232)102 — (130)
Net income (loss)$(57,135)$10,795 $12,830 $(156,343)$(189,853)
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Core
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total Core PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotal
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net interest income (expense)$75,309 $8,929 $15 $(6,086)$78,167 $(150)$78,017 
Property and other income91 73 66,290 198 66,652 72,340 138,992 
Management fee expense0 0 0 (19,446)(19,446)(2,789)(22,235)
Property operating expense(1)0 (9,437)0 (9,438)(44,681)(54,119)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(1,737)(39)(511)(2,770)(5,057)(2,611)(7,668)
Interest expense on real estate0 0 (24,613)0 (24,613)(12,488)(37,101)
Depreciation and amortization0 0 (31,396)0 (31,396)(15,370)(46,766)
Provision for loan losses(42,642)0 0 0 (42,642)(37,643)(80,285)
Impairment of operating real estate0 0 0 0 0 (33,512)(33,512)
Administrative expense(802)(1,017)(231)(11,033)(13,083)(6,486)(19,569)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 (43,154)0 1,565 (41,589)0 (41,589)
Other gain (loss), net(49,567)(101,552)14,035 (94)(137,178)7,063 (130,115)
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(19,349)(136,760)14,152 (37,666)(179,623)(76,327)(255,950)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(72,906)0 0 0 (72,906)3,017 (69,889)
Income tax benefit (expense)(646)0 330 0 (316)11,860 11,544 
Net income (loss)$(92,901)$(136,760)$14,482 $(37,666)$(252,845)$(61,450)$(314,295)
Core
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total Core PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotal
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Net interest income (expense)$55,077 $15,856 $2 $(7,674)$63,261 $8,735 $71,996 
Property and other income450 341 88,067 371 89,229 103,595 192,824 
Management fee expense0 0 0 (27,256)(27,256)(6,814)(34,070)
Property operating expense0 0 (25,187)0 (25,187)(60,889)(86,076)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(1,325)(4)(208)301 (1,236)(1,777)(3,013)
Interest expense on real estate0 0 (26,078)0 (26,078)(15,708)(41,786)
Depreciation and amortization0 0 (37,645)0 (37,645)(45,208)(82,853)
Provision for loan losses0 0 0 0 0 (220,572)(220,572)
Impairment of operating real estate0 0 (23,911)0 (23,911)(258,935)(282,846)
Administrative expense(614)(979)(178)(10,206)(11,977)(10,418)(22,395)
Unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 6,035 0 (1,433)4,602 0 4,602 
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net0 48 0 2,724 2,772 0 2,772 
Other gain (loss), net(15)(14,909)2,399 1 (12,524)(1,305)(13,829)
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes53,573 6,388 (22,739)(43,172)(5,950)(509,296)(515,246)
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures39,020 0 0 0 39,020 (21,058)17,962 
Income tax benefit (expense)(12)0 1,822 (382)1,428 (1,972)(544)
Net income (loss)$92,581 $6,388 $(20,917)$(43,554)$34,498 $(532,326)$(497,828)

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Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred EquityCRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased and Other Real Estate
Corporate(1)
Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net interest income (expense)$76,794 $8,929 $15 $(7,721)$78,017 
Property and other income118 297 138,379 198 138,992 
Management fee expense— — — (22,235)(22,235)
Property operating expense— — (54,119)— (54,119)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(3,060)(93)(787)(3,728)(7,668)
Interest expense on real estate— — (37,101)— (37,101)
Depreciation and amortization— — (46,766)— (46,766)
Provision for loan losses(80,285)— — — (80,285)
Impairment of operating real estate— — (33,512)— (33,512)
Administrative expense(790)(1,020)(297)(17,462)(19,569)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— (43,154)— 1,565 (41,589)
Other gain (loss), net(38,638)(101,552)10,169 (94)(130,115)
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(45,861)(136,593)(24,019)(49,477)(255,950)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(71,102)1,213 — — (69,889)
Income tax benefit (expense)(646)11,274 916 — 11,544 
Net income (loss)$(117,609)$(124,106)$(23,103)$(49,477)$(314,295)
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)

(1)Includes income earnedlosses incurred from the CRE securities purchased at a discount, recognized using the effective interest method had the transaction been recorded as an available for sale security, at amortized cost. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and September 30, 2019, $1.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, was attributable to discount accretion income and was eliminated in consolidation in the corporate segment. The corresponding interest expense is recorded in net interest income in the Corporate column.

The following table presents total assets by segment as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Core
Total Assets
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity(1)
CRE Debt SecuritiesNet Leased Real Estate
Corporate(2)
Total Core Portfolio
Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio(3)
Total
September 30, 2020$1,831,043 $1,805,418 $1,022,527 $1,200,207 $5,859,195 $652,462 $6,511,657 
December 31, 20192,464,963 2,226,448 1,181,609 496,714 6,369,734 1,044,572 7,414,306 
Total Assets
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity(1)
CRE Debt Securities(2)
Net Leased and Other Real Estate
Corporate(3)
Total
September 30, 2021$2,288,717 $754,562 $894,675 $1,540,601 $5,478,555 
December 31, 20201,929,937 1,720,624 1,261,137 1,300,239 6,211,937 

(1)Includes investments in unconsolidated ventures totaling $417.5$199.6 million and $585.0366.5 million as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
(2)Includes PE Investments totaling $4.8 million and $6.9 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(3)Includes cash, unallocated receivables, deferred costs and other assets, net and the elimination of the subordinate tranches of the securitization trusts in consolidation.
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(3)Includes PE Investments totaling $7.1 million and $10.3 million asTable of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.Contents
BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Geography
Geography is generally defined as the location in which the income producing assets reside or the location in which income generating services are performed. Geography information on total income includes equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures. Geography information on total income and long lived assets are presented as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Total income by geography:Total income by geography:Total income by geography:
United StatesUnited States$90,814 $105,826 $222,547 $400,864 United States$(17,238)$90,814 $121,275 $222,547 
EuropeEurope5,968 12,161 30,115 37,080 Europe6,471 5,968 (13,259)30,115 
Other0 (3)0 32 
Total(1)
Total(1)
$96,782 $117,984 $252,662 $437,976 
Total(1)
$(10,767)$96,782 $108,016 $252,662 
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Long-lived assets by geography:
United States$931,300 $1,282,189 
Europe287,899 315,369 
Total(2)
$1,219,199 $1,597,558 

September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Long-lived assets by geography:
United States$558,507 $600,767 
Europe300,755 314,190 
Total(2)
$859,262 $914,957 

(1)Includes interest income, interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, property and other income and equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures.
(2)Long-lived assets are comprised of real estate and real estate related intangible assets, and excludes financial instruments and assets held for sale.
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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
18. Earnings Per Share
The Company’s net income (loss) and weighted average shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 consist of the following (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$6,430 $(401,995)$(314,295)$(497,828)Net income (loss)$(71,744)$6,430 $(189,853)$(314,295)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Investment EntitiesInvestment Entities(1,222)37,445 6,362 38,623 Investment Entities61 (1,222)3,746 6,362 
Operating PartnershipOperating Partnership(201)8,519 7,109 10,741 Operating Partnership1,626 (201)4,016 7,109 
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$5,007 $(356,031)$(300,824)$(448,464)
Net income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholdersNet income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders$(70,057)$5,007 $(182,091)$(300,824)
Numerator:Numerator:Numerator:
Net income allocated to participating securities (non-vested shares)$0 $(616)$(322)$(1,709)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$5,007 $(356,647)$(301,146)$(450,173)
Net loss allocated to participating securities (non-vested shares)Net loss allocated to participating securities (non-vested shares)$— $— $— $(322)
Net loss attributable to common stockholdersNet loss attributable to common stockholders$(70,057)$5,007 $(182,091)$(301,146)
Denominator:Denominator:Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding(1)
Weighted average shares outstanding(1)
128,583 128,541 128,537 128,341 
Weighted average shares outstanding(1)
128,693 128,583 128,430 128,537 
Net income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted$0.04 $(2.77)$(2.34)$(3.51)
Net loss per common share - basic and dilutedNet loss per common share - basic and diluted$(0.54)$0.04 $(1.42)$(2.34)

(1)For earningsThe outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted average basic shares outstanding exclude 1,550,862 and 867,956 restricted stock awards as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 net of forfeitures, respectively, as those shares were issued but were not vested and therefore, not considered outstanding for purposes of computing basic income (loss) per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.


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COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
19. Restructuring Charges
In April 2021, the Company assumes 44.4entered into the Termination Agreement with its Manager pursuant to which the Company internalized its management function and made a one-time cash payment of $102.3 million shares of Class B-3 common stock were outstanding prior to January 31, 2018the Manager. The Company will no longer pay base management fees or incentive fees with respect to reflectany period after April 30, 2021. The Company did not incur any restructuring costs for the standalone pre-merger financial information of the CLNY Investment Entities, the Company’s predecessor for accounting purposes. On February 1, 2019, the Class B-3 common stock automatically converted to Class A common stock on a 1-for-one basis.
19. Subsequent Events
Investment Sales
Subsequent tothree months ended September 30, 2020, the Company sold 14 real estate properties in its Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio for total gross proceeds of $29.3 million. The Company received $27.32021 and incurred $109.3 million of net proceeds and will recognize a net gain of approximately $2.0 million.
Additionally, the Company sold 6 CRE securitiesrestructuring costs for $14.7 million in gross sales proceeds and will recognize a gain of approximately $3.6 million. In connection with these sales, the Company repaid $6.6 million of financing on its CMBS Credit Facilities.
In October 2020, the Company completed a discounted payoff on the Corporate Term loan totaling $12.1 million. The Company recorded $1.6 million of provision for loan losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.2021, which were paid by the Company in the second quarter of 2021. The additional restructuring costs of $7.0 million consist primarily of fees paid for legal and investment banking advisory services. Refer to Note 1, “Business and Organization,” for further detail.
20. Subsequent Events
Dividends
On October 15, 2021, the Company paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.16 per share of Class A common stock for the quarter ending September 30, 2021, to stockholders of record on September 30, 2021.
Subsequent to September 30, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.18 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021, payable on January 14, 2022 to stockholders of record on December 31, 2021.
Loan Originations
Subsequent to September 30, 2020,2021, the Company originated afunded 4 senior loanmortgage loans with a total commitment of $22.8$85.8 million. The average initial funded amount was $19.9 million which is secured by an office property. The loan bears interest at 3.6%and had a weighted average spread of 3.59% plus LIBOR.
Master Repurchase FacilitiesInvestment Sales
Subsequent to September 30, 2020,2021, the Company exercisedsold 1 CRE security for $5.1 million in gross proceeds and will recognize a one-year extension option on Bank 2 Facility 3, extendinggain of approximately $1.2 million. Following the maturity to October 2021. Thesale, the Company additionally reduced the capacity from $200.0 million to $21.4 million.
70no longer holds any CRE securities.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto, which are included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, as well as the information contained in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Introduction
We are a commercial real estate (“CRE”) credit real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on originating, acquiring, financing and managing a diversified portfolio consisting primarily of CRE debt investments and net leased properties predominantly in the United States. CRE debt investments primarily consist of first mortgage loans, which we expect to be our primary investment strategy. Additionally, we may also selectively originate mezzanine loans and make preferred equity investments, which may include profit participations. The mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments may be in conjunction with our origination of corresponding first mortgages on the same properties. Net leased properties consist of CRE properties with long-term leases to tenants on a net-lease basis, where such tenants generally will be responsible for property operating expenses such as insurance, utilities, maintenance capital expenditures and real estate taxes. We will continue to target net leased equity investments on a selective basis. We alsoAdditionally, we currently have investments in CRE debt securities primarily consisting of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) (including “B pieces”“B-pieces” of a CMBS securitization pool) or CRE collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) (including the junior tranches collateralized by pools of CRE debt investments). However, weWe have been reducingcontinued to reduce our CMBS holdings since the second quarter of this year. In doing so, we2020, and have also substantially reducedone CMBS security available for sale in addition to our exposure to“B-pieces” of a CMBS securitization pool at September 30, 2021. Any future investments in CRE debt securities repo financing.would be selective and opportunistic.
We were organized in the state of Maryland on August 23, 2017. On January 31, 2018, the Combination among the CLNY Contributed Portfolio, NorthStar I2017 and NorthStar II was completedmaintain key offices in an all-stock exchange.New York, New York and Los Angeles, California. We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018. We conduct all our activities and hold substantially all our assets and liabilities through our operating subsidiary, BrightSpire Capital Operating Company, LLC (formerly known as Credit RE Operating Company, LLC, (thethe “OP”). At September 30, 2020,2021, we owned 97.7% of the OP, as its sole managing member. The remaining 2.3% is owned primarily by our affiliate as noncontrolling interests.
We are externally managed byThe Internalization
On April 30, 2021, we completed the internalization of the Company’s management and operating functions and terminated our relationship with CLNC Manager, LLC (the “Manager”), a subsidiary of DigitalBridge Group, Inc. (“DigitalBridge”), formerly known as Colony Capital, a New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”)-listed global real estateInc., in accordance with that termination agreement dated April 4, 2021 between the Company, the OP, the Manager and investment management firm. As of September 30, 2020,Colony Capital owned approximately 36.5%Investment Advisors, LLC (the “Termination Agreement,” and the transactions contemplated thereunder, the “Internalization”). We have paid the Manager a one-time termination fee of $102.3 million. Therefore, we will no longer pay management or incentive fees to the Manager for any post-closing period and we have assumed general and administrative expenses directly. We anticipate a savings in operating costs as a result of the Internalization. Further, in connection with the Internalization, certain affiliates of ours and the Manager entered into a transition services agreement to facilitate an orderly internalization transition of the management of our common equity on a fully diluted basis.operations and, in addition, we will provide affiliates of the Manager with certain limited transition services.
Our Managerexecutive team remains unchanged, including Michael J. Mazzei, Chief Executive Officer and President; Andrew E. Witt, Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President; Frank V. Saracino, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President; David A. Palamé, General Counsel, Secretary and Executive Vice President; George Kok, Chief Credit Officer; and Daniel Katz, Head of Originations. As a result of the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, DigitalBridge no longer has affiliated representatives on our board of directors. The Company’s board of directors is comprised of six members, including our five incumbent independent directors, led by Catherine D. Rice, our Independent Chairperson, Vernon Schwartz, John Westerfield, Winston W. Wilson and Kim S. Diamond who was recently appointed during the fourth quarter of 2021, and Michael J. Mazzei, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President. Additionally, certain professionals that have contributed substantially to our investment, underwriting, portfolio and asset management, loan servicing, financial reporting, treasury, legal, tax, credit, risk and compliance responsibilities seamlessly moved forward as direct employees of the Company.
We are externally managed by our manager, CLNC Manager, LLC (our “Manager”). Our Manager is a subsidiary of Colony Capital. Over the past 28 years, Colony Capital and its predecessors have made over $100 billion of investments. Colony Capital’s senior management team has a long track record and extensive experience managing and investing in our target assets and other real estate-related investments through a variety of credit cycles and market conditions. Colony Capital’s globalThe clarity in organizational structure and dedicated management and employee base achieved through the Internalization solidifies the footprint and corresponding network provides itsdeveloped by our investment and asset management teams, with proprietary market knowledge, sourcing capabilities and the local presence required to identify, execute and manage complex transactions. Colony Capital’s history of external management includes its previous management of Colony Financial, Inc. (“Colony Financial”), an externally managed commercial mortgage REIT listed on the NYSE and focused on secondary loan acquisitions, high-yieldingnew originations and real estate equity, and its management of various non-traded REITs (previously including NorthStar I and NorthStar II) and registered investment companies.
Colony Capital is headquartered in Los Angeles, with key offices in Boca Raton, New York, Paris and London. Its operations are broad and diverse and include the management of real estate, both owned andexisting investments on behalf of a diverse set of institutional and individual investors. Colony Capital’s management team has diverse backgrounds. The CLNC management team includes Michael J. Mazzei, Chief Executive Officer and President, Andrew E. Witt, Chief Operating Officer, and Neale W. Redington, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. In addition, supporting our business, David A. Palamé, General Counsel and Secretary, and Frank V. Saracino, Chief Accounting Officer.
We draw on Colony Capital’s substantialthe Company. Our real estate investment platform and relationships allow us to source, underwrite, structure and manage investment opportunities as well as to access debt and equity capital to fund our operations. We also benefit from Colony Capital’s have fully integrated investment and
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portfolio management, finance and administration functions, which provide us withincluding legal, compliance, human resources, investor relations, asset valuation, credit and risk management and information technology services. Colony Capital alsoThe Company has a captive, fully functional, separate asset management company that engages primarily in loan servicing for performing, sub-performing and non-performing commercial loans, including senior secured loans, revolving lines of credit, loan participations, subordinated loans, unsecured loans and mezzanine debt. Colony Capital’sOur asset management company is a commercial special servicer rated by both Standard & Poor’s and Fitch’s rating services.
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TableOn June 24, 2021, BrightSpire Capital, Inc. changed its name from Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. We also changed our principal place of Contents
As previously disclosed, the Company’s Board of Directors formed a special committee consisting exclusively of independentbusiness and disinterested directors (the “Special Committee”)corporate headquarters from Los Angeles to explore an internalization proposal made by Colony Capital as well as other strategic alternatives. Subsequently, dueNew York City, now located at 590 Madison Avenue, 33rd Floor, New York, NY 10022. We continue to ongoing uncertainty surrounding the duration and magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impactbe publicly traded on the global economy, on April 1, 2020, Colony Capital reported in Amendment No. 3New York Stock Exchange. However, concurrent with our name change, we changed our ticker symbol to Schedule 13D (filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) that it has postponed any decision regarding a disposition of its management agreement with the Company until market conditions improve. The Special Committee has continued to explore alternatives but has been unable to negotiate mutually acceptable terms with Colony Capital. The Special Committee will continue to consider value-enhancing alternatives for the Company as opportunities arise.
Our operating segments include the Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity, CRE Debt Securities, Net Leased Real Estate, Corporate and Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio. Our target assets, as more fully described below, are included in different operating segments.BRSP.
Our Target Assets
SinceDuring the onsetthird quarter of the COVID-19 pandemic,2021, we have been primarily focused on existing investments and commitments. As we enter the fourth quarter of 2020 and startcontinued to see some COVID-19 related uncertainties dissipate and market conditions improve, we are seeking and will selectively pursue new investments. These new investments will be primarily inwere entirely first mortgage loans eligible for collateralized loan obligation securitizations. However, our ability to seek, pursue and close on new investments may be negatively affected by a resurgence of COVID-19 or responses intended to counter its impact.
Our investment strategy is to originate and selectively acquire our target assets, which consist of the following:
•CRE Debt Investments:
–Senior Mortgage Loans. Our primary focus is originating and selectively acquiring senior mortgage loans that are backed by CRE assets. These loans are secured by a first mortgage lien on a commercial property and provide mortgage financing to a commercial property developer or owner. Going forward, we expect to increase our exposure to senior mortgage loans as a percentage of our overall portfolio. The loans may vary in duration, bear interest at a fixed or floating rate and amortize, if at all, over varying periods, often with a balloon payment of principal at maturity. Senior mortgage loans may include junior participations in our originated senior loans for which we have syndicated the senior participations to other investors and retained the junior participations for our portfolio. We believe these junior participations are more like the senior mortgage loans we originate than other loan types given their credit quality and risk profile.
•Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity:
–Mezzanine Loans. We may originate or acquire mezzanine loans, which are structurally subordinate to senior loans, but senior to the borrower’s equity position. Mezzanine loans may be structured such that our return accrues and is added to the principal amount rather than paid on a current basis. We may also pursue equity participation opportunities in instances when the risk-reward characteristics of the investment warrant additional upside participation in the possible appreciation in value of the underlying assets securing the investment.
–Preferred Equity. We may make investments that are subordinate to senior and mezzanine loans, but senior to the common equity in the mortgage borrower. Preferred equity investments may be structured such that our return accrues and is added to the principal amount rather than paid on a current basis. We also may pursue equity participation opportunities in preferred equity investments, like such participations in mezzanine loans.
•Net Leased and Other Real Estate. We may also invest directly in well-located commercial real estate with long-term leases to tenants on a net lease basis, where such tenants generally will be responsible for property operating expenses such as insurance, utilities, maintenance capital expenditures and real estate taxes. In addition, tenants of our properties typically pay rent increases based on: (1) increases in the consumer price index (typically subject to ceilings), (2) fixed increases, or (3) additional rent calculated as a percentage of the tenants’ gross sales above a specified level. We believe that a portfolio of properties under long-term, net lease agreements generally produces a more predictable income stream than many other types of real estate portfolios, while continuing to offer the potential for growth in rental income.
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•CRE Debt Securities. We made investments that consist of bonds comprising certain tranches of CRE securitization pools, such as CMBS (including Non-Investment Grade “B-pieces” of a CMBS securitization pool). These bonds have been investment grade or below investment grade and are collateralized by CRE debt, typically secured by senior mortgage loans and may be fixed rate or floating rate securities. Due to their first-loss position, CMBS B-pieces are typically offered at a discount to par. These investments typically carry a 10-year weighted average life due to prepayment restrictions. We will continue to manage and monitor our remaining CMBS investments and since then second quarter we have substantially reduced the number of CMBS investments. In addition, we have also substantially paid down amounts under our CMBS repurchase agreements. Any future investments in more highly rated investment grade CRE Debt Securities would be selective and opportunistic.
The allocation of our capital among our target assets will depend on prevailing market conditions at the time we invest and may change over time in response to different prevailing market conditions. In addition, in the future, we may invest in assets other than our target assets or change our target assets. With respect to all our investments, we invest so as to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and our exclusion or exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).
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We believe that events in the financial markets from time to time, including the current and potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, have created and will continue to create significant dislocation between price and intrinsic value in certain asset classes as well as a supply and demand imbalance of available credit to finance these assets. We believe that our Manager’s in-depth understanding of CRE and real estate-related investments, in-house underwriting, asset management and resolution capabilities, provides the Company and management with a full-service value-addan extensive platform to regularly evaluate our investments and determine primary, secondary or alternative disposition strategies. This includes intermediate servicing and negotiating, restructuring of non-performing investments, foreclosure considerations, management or development of owned real estate, in each case to reposition and achieve optimal value realization for the Company and its stockholders. Depending on the nature of the underlying investment, we may pursue repositioning strategies through judicious capital investment in order to extract maximum value from the investment or recognize unanticipated losses to reinvest resulting liquidity in higher-yielding performing investments.
Our Business Segments
Following the Combination, we conducted our business through the following five operating segments: the loan portfolio, CRE debt securities, net leased real estate, other, and corporate. We continually monitor and review our segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact our reportable segments.
During the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2021, we realigned the business and reportable segment information to reflect how the Chief Operating Decision Makers (“CODM”) regularly review and manage the business. As a result, effective for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, we present our business segments as follows:one portfolio and the following business segments:
•Core Portfolio, which consists of the following four segments and remain unchanged from the prior segments:
◦Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity—CRE debt investments including senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, and preferred equity interests as well as participations in such loans. The segment also includes acquisition, development and construction (“ADC”) arrangements accounted for as equity method investments.
◦•Net Leased and Other Real Estate—direct investments in commercial real estate with long-term leases to tenants on a net lease basis, where such tenants generally will be responsible for property operating expenses such as insurance, utilities, maintenance, capital expenditures and real estate taxes. It also includes other real estate, currently consisting of three investments with direct ownership in commercial real estate, with an emphasis on properties with stable cash flow.
•CRE Debt Securities— securities investments currently consisting of BBB and some BB rated CMBS (including Non-Investment Grade “B-pieces” of a CMBS securitization pool) or CRE CLOs (including the junior tranches thereof, collateralized by pools of CRE debt investments). It also includes two sub-portfolios of private equity funds.
◦Net Leased Real Estate—direct investments in commercial real estate with long-term leases to tenants on a net lease basis, where such tenants generally will be responsible for property operating expenses such as insurance, utilities, maintenance, capital expenditures and real estate taxes.
◦•Corporate—includes corporate-level asset management and other fees including expenses related to our secured revolving credit facility (the “Bank Credit Facility”), related party and general and administrative expensesexpenses.
There were no changes in the structure of our internal organization that prompted the change in reportable segments. Prior year amounts have been revised to conform to the Core Portfolio only.
•Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio—segment consistscurrent year presentation. Accordingly, we realigned the discussion and analysis of direct investments in operating real estate such as multi-tenant officeour portfolio and multifamily residential assets such as real estate acquired in settlementresults of loans which we planoperations to exit. It also includes two portfolios of private equity funds (“PE Investments”) and certain retail and other legacy loans originated prior to the Combination. This segment also includes corporate-level asset management and other fees
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including expenses related to secured revolving credit facility, related party and general and administrative expenses related to the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio only.
COVID-19 Initiatives
Throughout Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we highlight significant actions we have taken to further protect the balance sheet from COVID-19 related risks. We have executed on certain liquidity generating measures that include the sale of select Core Portfolio assets. The Core Portfolio asset sales consist of loans, securities and equity investments. We have also completed a long-term asset level financing against select Core Portfolio and Legacy, Non-Strategic assets. To date,reflect these initiatives have not only generated liquidity but also reduced financing exposures. Additionally, Core Portfolio asset sales have resulted in a material impact to earnings and certain downward adjustments to stockholders’ equity. Any future Core Portfolio asset sales may have a similar impact.
For more information, refer to “Part II - Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Significant Developments,” in “Our Core Portfolio” and “COVID-19 Liquidity Update” in our “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections below for further discussion regarding these action steps, the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.reportable segments.
Significant Developments
During the three months ended September 30, 20202021 and through November 5, 2020,2, 2021, significant developments affecting our business and results of operations of our Core Portfolio and Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio, respectively,portfolio included the following:
Capital Resources
•We reduced borrowingDuring the third quarter of 2021, we executed a securitization transaction through BRSP 2021-FL1, contributing 31 floating rate mortgages secured by 42 properties, totaling $800 million, which resulted in the sale of $670 million of investment grade notes. The securitization reflects an advance rate of 83.75% at a weighted cost of funds of LIBOR plus 1.49% (before transaction expenses). In connection with this transaction, we repaid $701.4 million under our Bank Credit Facility (as defined below) and continue to reduce borrowing on our master repurchase facilities during the third quarter of 2021. See “Liquidity and CMBS Credit FacilitiesCapital Resources” below for further discussion;
•Declared and paid a third quarter $0.16 per share dividend on October 15, 2021;
•In October 2021, our board of directors declared a fourth quarter dividend of $0.18 per share, payable on January 14, 2022 to stockholders of record as a result of COVID-19 uncertainties. In July 2020, we fully repaid all outstanding borrowings on our Bank Credit Facility. The total combined reduction of debt on these facilities in 2020 through the date hereof is $531.6 million.December 31, 2021;
•As of the date of this report, we have approximately $438$367 million of liquidity, consisting of $209 million cash on hand and $171.0$158 million available on our bank facility; andBank Credit Facility.
•We expect to commence quarterly cash dividends in 2021.
CoreOur Portfolio
•Originated twoDuring the third quarter of 2021, as a result of maturity default, a consolidation of all indebtedness senior mortgage loans withto our position and other factors, we recorded a total commitmentfair value loss adjustment of $42.3 million.
•Sold seven CRE debt securities and one loan for$97.9 million on a total gross sales price of $141.8 million and recognizedmezzanine B-participation investment in a net gain of $5.8 million, reducing our master repurchase facilities and CMBS Credit Facility borrowings by $73.0 million and generating $68.1 milliondevelopment project in net liquidity;
•Succeeded in the recapitalization of the Los Angeles, Mixed-use project. In doing so we transferred our mezzanine loan and preferred equity interests in the project to a third-party mezzanine lender who provided $275.0 million in additional financing (the “Upsized Mezzanine Loan”). We retained a B-participation in the Upsized Mezzanine Loan at the same loan value.California. See “Los Angeles, Construction Loan and Preferred Equity Investment”California Mixed-Use Project” in “Our Core Portfolio” below;
•Placed Project Dockland on nonaccrual status as of July 1. See “Dublin, Ireland Senior Predevelopment Loan” in “Our Core Portfolio” below; and
•We sold an industrial portfolio and loan that generated gross and net proceeds of $109.1 million and $42.0 million, respectively. We recognized a gain of $7.5 million on the sale. “See Net Leased Real Estate” in “Our Core Portfolio” below.
Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio
•Sold four operating property investments for a total gross sales price of $15.2 million and a net gain of $1.6 million; and
•Subsequent to September 30, 2020, we sold 14 operating real estate properties generating gross proceeds of $29.3 million and an estimated net gain of $2.0 million. We recorded an impairment charge of $4.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

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•In the fourth quarter of 2021, we expect to amend and restate the senior mortgage loan in a hotel located in San Jose, California, subject to customary closing conditions, in the amount of $184.9 million. As terms were approved in the second quarter of 2021 and our senior loan documents were substantively finalized during the third quarter of 2021, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 we reinstated the loan investment and recognized interest income of $6.1 million and $0.7 million of other income related to late fees on the consolidated statement of operations. See “San Jose, California Hotel Senior Loan” in “Our Portfolio” below;
•During the third quarter of 2021, we funded 18 senior mortgage loans with a total commitment of $518.5 million. The average initial funded amount was $25.5 million and had a weighted average spread of 3.35% plus LIBOR;
•Subsequent to September 30, 2021, we funded four senior mortgage loans with a total commitment of $85.8 million. The average initial funded amount was $19.9 million and had a weighted average spread of 3.59% plus LIBOR;
•During the third quarter of 2021, we entered into three USD-EUR forward swaps for a total notional amount of 120 million EUR. In order to minimize foreign currency cash flow risk on our European denominated assets, we have agreed to sell EUR and buy USD at a locked in forward curve rate pursuant to the forward swaps. These forward swaps mature on December 31, 2021;
•Subsequent to September 30, 2021, we sold one CRE security for $5.1 million in gross proceeds and will recognize a gain of approximately $1.2 million. Following the sale, we no longer hold any CRE securities.
Results of Operations
CoreOur Portfolio
•Generated U.S. GAAP net loss of $2.7$70.1 million, or $(0.02)$(0.54) per share, Distributable Earnings (Loss) of $68.4 million, or $(0.51) per share and CoreAdjusted Distributable Earnings of $24.1$35.0 million, or $0.18$0.26 per share during the three months ended September 30, 2020;
•Since July 1, 2020, we have collected all loan interest payments from our loan portfolio except for one, which is currently in maturity default as we work on an extension with the borrower; and we have collected 98% of total rents due from our net leased real estate portfolio. For further detail, refer to “COVID-19 Update” in “Our Core Portfolio.”
Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio
•Generated U.S. GAAP net income of $7.7 million, or $0.06 per share, and Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings of $15.6 million, or $0.12 per share during the three months ended September 30, 2020; and
•Since July 1, 2020, we have collected 86.5% of total rents due from our owned real estate portfolio.2021.
Impact of COVID-19
Since its discovery in December 2019, a new strain of coronavirus, which causes the viral disease known as COVID-19, has spread throughout the world, including the United States. The outbreak was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization, and the Health and Human Services Secretary declared a public health emergency in the United States in response to the outbreak. Considerable uncertainty still surrounds COVID-19 and its potential effects, and the extent of and effectiveness of any responses taken on a national and local level.
Accordingly, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted CRE credit REITs across the industry, as well as other companies that own and operate commercial real estate investments, including our company. As we manage the impact and uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic, cash preservation, liquidity and investment and portfolio management are ourremain key priorities.
We are workingcontinue to work closely with our borrowers and tenants to address the impact of COVID-19 on their business. To the extent that certain borrowers are experiencing significant financial dislocation we have and may continue to consider the use of interest and other reserves and/or replenishment obligations of the borrower and/or guarantors to meet current interest payment obligations, for a limited period. Similarly, we have and may in the future evaluate converting certain current interest payment obligations to payment-in-kind as a potential bridge period solution. We have in limited cases allowed some portions of current interest to convert to payment-in-kind.
We have taken actions since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate the impact on our financial condition while establishinga defensive posture through this period.As of the date of this report, we have approximately $438 million in cash on hand and $171.0 million available on our bank facility. We anticipate liquidity to increase further as a result of proceeds from sales related to assets under contract. It is important to note that while the combined result of these activities and events is an increase in liquidity and a reduction in debt, these events will also reduce future period earnings.
The decisive steps taken to protect the balance sheet and generate liquidity, position us to address further market and investment deterioration related to COVID-19. While asset and liability management and liquidity remain a priority, our focus has started to shift toward new investments, building earnings and further growth initiatives. New deployment will depend upon market pricing, opportunity and certainty of performance, each of which will be impacted by uncertainties relating to the impact of COVID-19.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created uncertainties that have and willmay continue to negatively impact our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition. However, we believe there are too many uncertainties to predict and quantify the continuing impact. The potential concerns and risks include, but are not limited to, mortgage borrowers ability to make monthly payments, lessees’ capacity to pay their rent, and the resulting impact on us to meet our obligations. Therefore, there can be no assurances that we will not need to take impairment charges in future quarters or experience further declines in revenues and net income, which could be material. For more information, refer to “COVID-19 Update” in “Our Core Portfolio” and “Our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio” and “COVID-19 Liquidity Update” in our “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections below and “Part II - Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
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Results of Operations Summary
The following tables present our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
20202019
Core PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotalCore PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotal
Net interest income$25,561 $(338)$25,223 $24,034 $2,077 $26,111 
Property and other income21,183 20,525 41,708 29,094 35,218 64,312 
Management fee expense(6,445)(638)(7,083)(9,084)(2,271)(11,355)
Property operating expense(2,480)(12,797)(15,277)(8,340)(21,416)(29,756)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(1,403)(224)(1,627)(863)(570)(1,433)
Interest expense on real estate(8,067)(4,138)(12,205)(8,695)(5,586)(14,281)
Depreciation and amortization(10,946)(3,824)(14,770)(11,673)(14,261)(25,934)
Provision for loan losses(11,229)825 (10,404)— (110,314)(110,314)
Impairment of operating real estate— (3,451)(3,451)(23,911)(248,811)(272,722)
Administrative expense(4,538)(1,242)(5,780)(4,171)(3,561)(7,732)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(13,162)— (13,162)(1,976)— (1,976)
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— — — 2,724 — 2,724 
Other gain (loss) on investments, net9,896 (216)9,680 (2,682)(6)(2,688)
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(1,630)(5,518)(7,148)(15,543)(369,501)(385,044)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(1,652)(127)(1,779)2,736 (18,641)(15,905)
Income tax benefit (expense)1,949 13,408 15,357 (201)(845)(1,046)
Net income (loss)$(1,333)$7,763 $6,430 $(13,008)$(388,987)$(401,995)

Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019
Core PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotalCore PortfolioLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioTotal
Net interest income$78,167 $(150)$78,017 $63,261 $8,735 $71,996 
Property and other income66,652 72,340 138,992 89,229 103,595 192,824 
Management fee expense(19,446)(2,789)(22,235)(27,256)(6,814)(34,070)
Property operating expense(9,438)(44,681)(54,119)(25,187)(60,889)(86,076)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense(5,057)(2,611)(7,668)(1,236)(1,777)(3,013)
Interest expense on real estate(24,613)(12,488)(37,101)(26,078)(15,708)(41,786)
Depreciation and amortization(31,396)(15,370)(46,766)(37,645)(45,208)(82,853)
Provision for loan losses(42,642)(37,643)(80,285)— (220,572)(220,572)
Impairment of operating real estate— (33,512)(33,512)(23,911)(258,935)(282,846)
Administrative expense(13,083)(6,486)(19,569)(11,977)(10,418)(22,395)
Unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(41,589)— (41,589)4,602 — 4,602 
Realized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— — — 2,772 — 2,772 
Other gain (loss) on investments, net(137,178)7,063 (130,115)(12,524)(1,305)(13,829)
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(179,623)(76,327)(255,950)(5,950)(509,296)(515,246)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(72,906)3,017 (69,889)39,020 (21,058)17,962 
Income tax benefit (expense)(316)11,860 11,544 1,428 (1,972)(544)
Net income (loss)$(252,845)$(61,450)$(314,295)$34,498 $(532,326)$(497,828)
See “Our Core Portfolio” and “Our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio” sections for further discussion of our portfolio and results of operations.
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Our Core Portfolio
As of September 30, 2020,2021, our Core Portfolio, including our senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity, CRE debt securities, net leased real estate and corporate segments,portfolio consisted of 71108 investments representing approximately $3.1$3.9 billion in book value (excluding(based on our share of ownership and excluding cash, cash equivalents and certain other assets). Our senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity consisted of 4790 senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity investments and other loans and had a weighted average cash coupon of 3.5%3.8% and a weighted average all-in unlevered yield of 5.8%. Our CRE debt securities portfolio had a weighted average cash coupon of 3.3%5.4%. Our net leased real estate consisted of approximately 9.23.2 million total square feet of space and total third quarter 2021 net operating income (“NOI”) of that portfolio was approximately $12.9$9.4 million.
As of September 30, 2020,2021, our Core Portfolioportfolio consisted of the following investments (dollars in thousands):
Count(1)
Book value
(Consolidated)
Book value
(at CLNC share)(2)
Net book value (Consolidated)(3)
Net book value (at CLNC share)(4)
Count(1)
Book value
(Consolidated)
Book value
(at BRSP share)(2)
Net book value (Consolidated)(3)
Net book value (at BRSP share)(4)
Core Portfolio
Our PortfolioOur Portfolio
Senior mortgage loans(5)
Senior mortgage loans(5)
32 $2,109,411 $1,980,506 $613,838 $484,934 
Senior mortgage loans(5)
75 $3,063,361 $2,976,118 $929,096 $841,852 
Mezzanine loans(5)
Mezzanine loans(5)
9 305,152 269,676 305,152 269,676 
Mezzanine loans(5)
10 262,435 185,631 262,435 185,631 
Preferred equity and other loans(5)(6)
6 47,675 44,865 47,675 44,865 
Preferred equity(5)(6)
Preferred equity(5)(6)
5 39,167 35,781 39,167 35,781 
Subtotal Subtotal90 3,364,963 3,197,530 1,230,698 1,063,264 
Net leased real estateNet leased real estate9 683,439 495,790 192,562 149,113 
Other real estateOther real estate3 213,467 199,784 4,743 4,358 
CRE debt securitiesCRE debt securities19 104,716 104,716 79,485 79,485 CRE debt securities5 43,069 43,069 43,069 43,069 
Net leased real estate5 954,919 746,281 279,588 223,838 
Total/Weighted average Core Portfolio71 $3,521,873 $3,146,044 $1,325,738 $1,102,798 
Private equity interestsPrivate equity interests1 4,848 4,848 4,848 4,848 
Total/Weighted average Our PortfolioTotal/Weighted average Our Portfolio108 $4,309,786 $3,941,021 $1,475,920 $1,264,652 

(1)Count for net leased real estate represents number of investments.
(2)Book value at our share represents the proportionate book value based on ownership by asset as of September 30, 2020.2021.
(3)Net book value represents book value less any associated financing as of September 30, 2020.2021.
(4)Net book value at our share represents the proportionate book value based on asset ownership less any associated financing based on ownership as of September 30, 20202021.
(5)Senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, and preferred equity include investments in joint ventures whose underlying interest is in a loan or preferred equity.
(6)Preferred equity balances include $17.5$16.9 million of book value at our share attributable to related equity participation interests.
The following charts illustrate the diversification of ourCore Portfolio (not including CRE Debt Securities) based on investment type, underlying property type, and geography, as of September 30, 2020 (percentages based on book value at our share, which represents the proportionate book value based on our ownership by asset):

Investment TypeProperty Type
clnc-20200930_g1.jpg
clnc-20200930_g2.jpg
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Geography
clnc-20200930_g3.jpg

(1)Senior mortgage loans include junior participations in our originated senior mortgage loans for which we have syndicated the senior participations to other investors and retained the junior participations for our portfolio and contiguous mezzanine loans where we own both the senior and junior loan positions. We believe these investments are more similar to the senior mortgage loans we originate than other loan types given their credit quality and risk profile.
(2)Mezzanine loans include other subordinated loans.
(3)Preferred equity balances include $17.5 million of book value at our share attributable to related equity participation interests.
(4)Other contains one corporate term loan secured by the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund.
(5)Other includes commercial and residential development and predevelopment assets, one corporate term loan secured by the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund, and a preferred equity investment in a loan origination platform.
Underwriting Process
We use an investment and underwriting process that has been developed and utilized by our Manager’s and its affiliates’ senior management teamsteam leveraging their extensive commercial real estate expertise over many years and real estate cycles. The underwriting process focuses on some or all of the following factors designed to ensure each investment is evaluated appropriately: (i) macroeconomic conditions that may influence operating performance; (ii) fundamental analysis of underlying real estate, including tenant rosters, lease terms, zoning, necessary licensing, operating costs and the asset’s overall competitive position in its market; (iii) real estate market factors that may influence the economic performance of the investment, including leasing conditions and overall competition; (iv) the operating expertise and financial strength and reputation of a tenant, operator, partner or borrower; (v) the cash flow in place and projected to be in place over the term of the investment and potential return; (vi) the appropriateness of the business plan and estimated costs associated with tenant buildout, repositioning or capital improvements; (vii) an internal and third-party valuation of a property, investment basis relative to the competitive set and the ability to liquidate an investment through a sale or refinancing; (viii) review of third-party reports including appraisals, engineering and environmental reports; (ix) physical inspections of properties and markets; (x) the overall legal structure of the investment, contractual implications and the lenders’ rights; and (xi) the tax and accounting impact.
Loan Risk Rankings
In addition to reviewing loans and preferred equity held for investment for impairment quarterly, the Company evaluateswe evaluate loans and preferred equity held for investment to determine if an allowance for loan loss should be established. In conjunction with this review, the Company assesseswe assess the risk factors of each senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity and assignsassign a risk ratingranking based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, underlying real estate performance and asset value, values of comparable properties, durability and quality of property cash flows, sponsor experience and financial wherewithal, and the existence of a risk-mitigating loan structure. Additional key considerations include loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, loan structure, real estate and credit market dynamics, and risk of default or principal loss. Based on a five-point scale, the Company’sour loans and preferred equity held for investment are rated “1” through “5,” from less risk to greater risk. At the time of origination or
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purchase, loans and preferred equity held for investment are ranked as a “3” and will move accordingly going forward based on the ratings which are defined as followsfollows:
1.Very Low Risk—The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has exceeded underwritten expectations with very strong NOI, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and occupancy metrics. Sponsor is investment grade, very well capitalized, and employs a very experienced management team.
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2.Low Risk—The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance has met or exceeds underwritten expectations with high occupancy at market rents, resulting in consistent cash flow to service the debt. Strong sponsor that is well capitalized with experienced management team.
3.Average Risk—The loan is performing as agreed. The underlying property performance is consistent with underwriting expectations. The property generates adequate cash flow to service the debt, and/or there is a sufficientenough reserve or loan structure to provide time for sponsor to execute the business plan. Sponsor has routinely met its obligations and has experience owning/operating similar real estate.
4.High Risk/Delinquent/Potential for Loss—The loan is in excess of 30 days delinquent and/or has a risk of a principal loss. The underlying property performance is behind underwritten expectations. Loan covenants may require occasional waivers/modifications. Sponsor has been unable to execute its business plan and local market fundamentals have deteriorated. Operating cash flow is not sufficient to service the debt and debt service payments may be coming from sponsor equity/loan reserves.
5.Impaired/Defaulted/Loss Likely—The loan is in default or a default is imminent, and has a high risk of a principal loss, or has incurred a principal loss. The underlying property performance is significantly worse than underwritten expectation and sponsor has failed to execute its business plan. The property has significant vacancy and current cash flow does not support debt service. Local market fundamentals have significantly deteriorated resulting in depressed comparable property valuations versus underwriting.
As mentioned above, management considers several risk factors when assigning our risk ratingranking each quarter. Beginning with the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and continuing in the quarter ended June 30, 2020, our average risk ranking was impacted by the current and potential future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a number of assets moving from average risk (3) to high risk (4).
For the quarter ended September 30, 2020,2021, management believes the extended impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain, and therefore continues to represent a significant risk to our portfolio. AsHowever, the origination of 18 new loans during the quarter and improved outlook in others, such as our San Jose, California Hotel Senior Loan (discussed in further detail below), resulted in a quarter-end average risk rating of 3.2. This is a slight improvement as compared to an average risk ranking of 3.5 for the current period average rating is 3.8, which is consistent with the first and second quarters of 2020.quarter ended June 30, 2021.
Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity
Our senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity consists of senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans and preferred equity interests, some of which have equity participation interests.
The following table provides a summary of our senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity in our Core Portfolio based on our internal risk rankings as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value (at CLNC share)(1)
Carrying Value (at BRSP share)(1)
Risk RankingRisk Ranking
Count(2)
Senior mortgage loans(3)
Mezzanine loansPreferred equity and other loansTotal% of Core PortfolioRisk Ranking
Count(2)
Senior mortgage loans(3)
Mezzanine loansPreferred equityTotal% of Our Portfolio
224 $121,234 $— $— $121,234 3.8 %
3314 $696,762 $— $— $696,762 30.4 %367 2,076,455 110,269 19,267 2,205,991 69.0 %
4428 1,250,387 140,990 32,810 1,424,187 62.0 %413 799,434 43,748 16,200 859,382 26.9 %
554 60,657 101,386 12,052 174,095 7.6 %55 8,153 2,449 — 10,602 0.3 %
46 $2,007,806 $242,376 $44,862 $2,295,044 100.0 %89 $3,005,276 $156,466 $35,467 $3,197,209 100.0 %
Weighted average risk rankingWeighted average risk ranking3.8 Weighted average risk ranking3.2

(1)BookCarrying value at our share represents the proportionate book value based on ownership by asset as of September 30, 2020.2021.
(2)Count excludes one equity method participation held in a joint venture with a de minimis$0.3 million carry value (at CLNCBRSP share) which was not assigned a risk ranking.
(3)Includes one mezzanine loan totaling $27.3$29.2 million where we are also the senior lender.



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The following table provides asset level detail for our senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity included in our Core Portfolio as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Collateral typeOrigination DateCity, State
Carrying value(1)
Principal balanceCoupon type
Cash Coupon(2)
Unlevered all-in yield(3)
Extended maturity date
Loan-to-value(4)
Q3/Q2/Q1 Risk ranking(5)
Collateral typeOrigination DateCity, State
Carrying value(1)
Principal balanceCoupon type
Cash Coupon(2)
Unlevered all-in yield(3)
Extended maturity date
Loan-to-value(4)
Q3 Risk ranking(5)
Senior loansSenior loansSenior loans
Loan 1Loan 1Multifamily6/21/2019Milpitas, CA$176,742 $178,951 Floating3.1%5.5%7/9/202472%3/3/3Loan 1Hotel1/2/2018San Jose, CA$184,959 $184,959 Floating4.8%5.3%1/9/202362%4
Loan 2Loan 2Hotel1/2/2018San Jose, CA169,890 173,485 Floating4.3%5.3%1/9/202362%4/4/4Loan 2Multifamily6/21/2019Milpitas, CA180,408 180,319 Floating3.1%5.5%7/9/202472%3
Loan 3Loan 3Hotel6/28/2018Berkeley, CA116,356 120,517 Floating3.2%5.2%7/9/202566%4/4/4Loan 3Hotel6/28/2018Berkeley, CA119,543 120,000 Floating3.2%5.2%7/9/202566%4
Loan 4Loan 4Industrial9/19/2019New York, NY114,757 116,000 Floating3.1%5.8%9/19/202476%4/4/3Loan 4Office12/7/2018Carlsbad, CA116,000 116,000 Floating3.7%6.0%12/9/202373%3
Loan 5Loan 5Office12/7/2018Carlsbad, CA111,482 115,563 Floating3.7%6.1%12/9/202373%3/3/3Loan 5Office5/31/2019Stamford, CT114,537 114,992 Floating3.5%5.8%6/9/202571%3
Loan 6(6)
Loan 6(6)
Multifamily6/18/2019Santa Clara, CA103,424 104,867 Floating4.4%7.3%6/18/202464%4/4/4
Loan 6(6)
Multifamily6/18/2019Santa Clara, CA106,399 106,415 Floating4.4%7.1%6/18/202470%4
Loan 7Loan 7Office5/31/2019Stamford, CT94,326 95,767 Floating3.5%5.8%6/9/202571%4/4/4Loan 7Multifamily4/11/2019Various - U.S.92,000 92,000 Floating3.0%5.8%4/9/202465%4
Loan 8Loan 8Multifamily4/11/2019Various - U.S.91,539 92,000 Floating3.0%5.9%4/9/202465%4/4/4Loan 8Other (Mixed-use)10/24/2019Brooklyn, NY75,105 75,179 Floating4.0%4.8%11/9/202470%3
Loan 9Loan 9Office6/27/2018Burlingame, CA73,204 73,254 Floating2.8%4.7%7/9/202361%3/3/3Loan 9Office8/28/2018San Jose, CA73,147 73,147 Floating2.5%4.3%8/28/202575%3
Loan 10Loan 10Hotel6/25/2018Englewood, CO71,965 73,156 Floating3.5%5.3%7/9/202369%4/4/4Loan 10Hotel6/25/2018Englewood, CO73,000 73,000 Floating3.5%5.1%2/9/202569%3
Loan 11Loan 11Office8/28/2018San Jose, CA68,152 68,182 Floating2.5%4.3%8/28/202566%3/3/3Loan 11Office1/19/2021Phoenix, AZ71,817 72,460 Floating3.6%4.4%2/9/202670%3
Loan 12Loan 12Other (Mixed-use)10/24/2019Brooklyn, NY66,401 72,251 Floating3.4%5.9%11/9/202466%4/4/4Loan 12Office5/29/2019Long Island City, NY66,059 66,086 Floating3.5%5.9%6/9/202459%4
Loan 13Loan 13Office4/5/2019Long Island City, NY62,163 62,981 Floating3.3%5.8%4/9/202458%4/4/4Loan 13Office4/5/2019Long Island City, NY64,746 64,746 Floating3.3%5.7%4/9/202458%4
Loan 14Loan 14Office5/29/2019Long Island City, NY61,072 63,770 Floating3.5%6.0%6/9/202459%4/4/4Loan 14Office2/3/2019Baltimore, MD56,504 56,589 Floating3.5%6.2%2/9/202474%4
Loan 15(7)
Loan 15(7)
Other (Mixed-use)10/17/2018Dublin, Ireland60,657 60,626 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
12/31/202394%5/4/4
Loan 15(7)
Office7/12/2019Washington, D.C.56,080 56,081 Floating2.8%5.5%8/9/202468%4
Loan 16Loan 16Office2/13/2019Baltimore, MD55,474 56,199 Floating3.5%6.2%2/9/202474%4/4/4Loan 16Multifamily12/23/2020Salt Lake City, UT50,848 51,100 Floating3.2%4.0%1/9/202668%3
Loan 17Loan 17Office7/12/2019Washington, D.C.53,149 53,828 Floating2.8%5.7%8/9/202468%4/4/4Loan 17Multifamily7/19/2021Dallas, TX47,598 47,950 Floating3.3%3.9%8/9/202674%3
Loan 18Loan 18Multifamily7/1/2019Phoenix, AZ44,280 44,384 Floating2.7%5.0%7/9/202476%3/4/4Loan 18Multifamily5/26/2021Las Vegas, NV44,026 44,330 Floating3.4%3.9%6/9/202680%3
Loan 19Loan 19Multifamily2/8/2019Las Vegas, NV39,489 39,734 Floating3.2%5.9%2/9/202471%4/4/4Loan 19Multifamily3/1/2021Richardson, TX42,869 43,227 Floating3.4%3.8%3/9/202675%3
Loan 20Loan 20Multifamily5/3/2019North Phoenix, AZ37,040 37,311 Floating3.4%5.6%5/9/202481%4/4/4Loan 20Multifamily7/15/2021Jersey City, NJ42,707 43,000 Floating3.0%3.5%8/9/202666%3
Loan 21Loan 21Multifamily4/26/2018Oxnard, CA36,385 36,500 Floating5.2%6.5%11/9/202071%4/4/4Loan 21Multifamily12/21/2020Austin, TX42,286 42,601 Floating3.7%5.0%1/9/202654%2
Loan 22Loan 22Office9/26/2019Salt Lake City, UT36,035 36,626 Floating2.7%5.0%10/9/202472%4/4/4Loan 22Multifamily2/8/2019Las Vegas, NV40,944 40,944 Floating3.2%5.7%2/9/202471%3
Loan 23Loan 23Office6/16/2017Miami, FL33,323 33,305 Floating4.9%5.6%7/9/202268%3/3/3Loan 23Multifamily2/3/2021Arlington, TX40,571 40,707 Floating3.6%4.9%2/9/202681%3
Loan 24Loan 24Office3/28/2019San Jose, CA30,135 30,251 Floating3.0%5.9%4/9/202464%3/4/4Loan 24Multifamily3/22/2021Fort Worth, TX37,969 38,221 Floating3.5%4.1%4/9/202683%3
Loan 25Loan 25Office1/15/2019Santa Barbara, CA27,910 28,614 Floating3.2%5.7%2/9/202480%3/3/3Loan 25Multifamily3/25/2021Fort Worth, TX36,756 37,044 Floating3.3%3.9%4/9/202682%3
Loan 26Loan 26Multifamily1/11/2019Tempe, AZ26,660 26,659 Floating2.9%5.2%2/9/202479%3/4/4Loan 26Office9/28/2021Reston, VA35,169 35,606 Floating4.0%4.6%10/9/202668%3
Loan 27Loan 27Office9/16/2019San Francisco, CA22,643 22,951 Floating3.2%5.9%10/9/202472%3/3/3Loan 27Multifamily12/29/2020Fullerton, CA34,609 34,860 Floating3.8%4.8%1/9/202670%3
Loan 28Loan 28Multifamily12/21/2018Phoenix, AZ22,288 22,284 Floating2.9%5.2%1/9/202373%3/4/4Loan 28Office6/16/2017Miami, FL33,872 33,532 Floating4.9%5.6%7/9/202268%3
Loan 29Loan 29Office8/27/2019San Francisco, CA20,332 20,507 Floating2.8%5.6%9/9/202473%3/3/3Loan 29Multifamily9/28/2021Carrollton, TX33,529 33,908 Floating3.1%3.5%10/9/202573%3
Loan 30Loan 30Office2/26/2019Charlotte, NC20,115 20,267 Floating3.4%6.0%3/9/202456%3/3/3Loan 30Multifamily7/15/2021Dallas, TX32,845 33,236 Floating3.1%3.5%8/9/202677%3
Loan 31Loan 31Hotel7/30/2020Bloomington, MN19,494 19,500 Floating3.0%4.8%11/9/202164%3Loan 31Multifamily3/16/2021Fremont, CA32,480 32,757 Floating3.5%4.3%4/9/202676%3
Loan 32Loan 32Multifamily2/8/2019Las Vegas, NV13,624 13,668 Floating3.2%5.9%2/9/202471%4/4/4Loan 32Office6/2/2021South Pasadena, CA31,836 32,037 Floating4.9%5.6%6/9/202669%3
Total/Weighted average senior loans$1,980.506 $2,013.958 5.5%3/25/202470%3.7/3.8/3.7
Mezzanine loans
Loan 33(6)(7)
Other (Mixed-use)9/1/2020Los Angeles, CA$97,918 $162,243 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
7/9/202362% – 88%5/5/5
Loan 34(6)
Multifamily12/26/2018Santa Clarita, CA52,967 55,790 Fixed7.0%13.8%12/26/202456% – 84%4/4/4
Loan 35(6)
Multifamily12/3/2019Milpitas, CA32,466 33,050 Fixed8.0%13.3%12/3/202449% – 71%4/4/4
Loan 33Loan 33Multifamily7/29/2021Phoenix, AZ30,866 31,200 Floating3.3%3.8%8/9/202675%3
Loan 34Loan 34Office3/28/2019San Jose, CA30,762 30,762 Floating3.0%5.7%4/9/202464%2
Loan 35Loan 35Office4/30/2021San Diego, CA30,383 30,700 Floating3.6%4.1%5/9/202655%3
Loan 36Loan 36Hotel9/23/2019Berkeley, CA27,300 28,773 Fixed9.0%11.5%7/9/202566% – 81%4/4/4Loan 36Multifamily3/31/2021Mesa, AZ30,073 30,287 Floating3.7%4.4%4/9/202683%3
Loan 37(6)
Multifamily7/11/2019Placentia, CA26,953 28,198 Fixed8.0%13.3%7/11/202451% – 84%4/4/4
Loan 38(6)
Office7/20/2018Dublin, Ireland13,265 12,746 Fixed—%12.5%12/20/202145% – 68%4/4/4
Loan 37Loan 37Multifamily5/5/2021Dallas. TX29,322 29,561 Floating3.4%4.0%5/9/202668%3
Loan 38Loan 38Multifamily4/29/2021Las Vegas, NV28,199 28,402 Floating3.1%3.6%5/9/202676%3
Loan 39Loan 39Hotel1/9/2017New York, NY11,182 12,000 Floating11.0%11.5%1/9/202263% – 76%4/4/4Loan 39Multifamily5/27/2021Houston, TX27,768 28,000 Floating3.0%3.7%6/9/202667%3
Loan 40Loan 40Multifamily7/30/2014Various - TX4,157 4,524 Fixed9.5%9.5%8/11/202471% – 83%4/4/4Loan 40Multifamily7/13/2021Plano, TX27,510 27,715 Floating3.1%3.5%2/9/202582%3
Loan 41Loan 41Office2/26/2019Charlotte, NC25,724 26,052 Floating3.4%6.0%3/9/202456%2
Loan 42Loan 42Multifamily8/31/2021Glendale, AZ25,183 25,482 Floating3.2%3.6%9/9/202675%3
Loan 43Loan 43Office9/26/2019Salt Lake City, UT23,985 24,134 Floating2.7%5.0%10/9/202472%4
Loan 44Loan 44Multifamily5/13/2021Phoenix, AZ23,961 24,195 Floating3.1%3.5%6/9/202676%3
Loan 45Loan 45Multifamily1/29/2021Charlotte, NC23,314 23,500 Floating3.5%4.1%2/9/202676%3
Loan 46Loan 46Office9/16/2019San Francisco, CA22,948 22,951 Floating3.2%5.7%10/9/202472%3
Loan 47Loan 47Multifamily7/1/2021Aurora, CO22,649 22,882 Floating3.1%3.6%7/9/202673%3
Loan 48Loan 48Multifamily3/25/2021San Jose, CA22,462 22,650 Floating3.7%4.1%4/9/202670%2
Loan 49Loan 49Office7/30/2021Denver, CO21,426 21,705 Floating4.3%4.7%8/9/202672%3
80

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Collateral typeOrigination DateCity, State
Carrying value(1)
Principal balanceCoupon type
Cash Coupon(2)
Unlevered all-in yield(3)
Extended maturity date
Loan-to-value(4)
Q3/Q2/Q1 Risk ranking(5)
Loan 41(7)
Other (Mixed-use)3/19/2013San Rafael, CA3,468 5,701 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
9/30/202032% – 86%5/5/4
Total/Weighted average mezzanine loans$269,676 $343,025 8.0%2/14/2024 54% - 78%4.4/4.4/4.4
Preferred equity & other loans
Loan 42(6)
Industrial9/1/2016Various - U.S.$16,200 $— n/an/an/a9/2/2027n/a4/4/4
Loan 43(6)(8)
Office8/22/2018Las Vegas, NV13,716 18,351 Fixed8.0%15.3%9/9/2023n/a4/5/5
Loan 44Other6/28/2019Various - U.S.12,052 13,692 Fixed10.0%15.3%5/28/2024n/a5/4/4
Loan 45Hotel8/17/2020San Jose, CA1,569 1,569 Floating4.3%5.3%1/9/2021n/a4/4/4
Loan 46Office7/20/2018Dublin, Ireland1,325 — n/an/an/a12/20/2021n/a4/4/4
Loan 47(8)
Hotel10/24/2014Austin, TX3 — n/an/an/an/an/an/a
Total/Weighted average preferred equity & other loans(9)
$44,865 $33,612 9.0%3/1/2025n/a4.3/4.7/4.1
Total/Weighted average senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity - Core Portfolio$2,295,047 $2,390,595 5.8%3/27/2024n/a3.8/3.9/3.8
Collateral typeOrigination DateCity, State
Carrying value(1)
Principal balanceCoupon type
Cash Coupon(2)
Unlevered all-in yield(3)
Extended maturity date
Loan-to-value(4)
Q3 Risk ranking(5)
Loan 50Multifamily7/13/2021Oregon City, OR21,189 21,353 Floating3.3%3.7%8/9/202673%3
Loan 51Multifamily2/25/2021Raleigh, NC20,745 20,943 Floating3.3%4.0%3/9/202676%3
Loan 52Office8/27/2019San Francisco, CA20,623 20,623 Floating2.8%5.4%9/9/202473%3
Loan 53Multifamily6/22/2021Phoenix, AZ20,028 20,251 Floating3.2%3.6%7/9/202675%3
Loan 54Hotel7/30/2020Bloomington, MN19,252 19,252 Floating4.0%5.0%11/9/202164%3
Loan 55Multifamily9/22/2021Denton, TX19,192 19,351 Floating3.2%3.6%10/9/202570%3
Loan 56Multifamily3/31/2021San Antonio, TX18,650 18,824 Floating3.1%3.6%4/9/202677%3
Loan 57Multifamily8/6/2021La Mesa, CA18,639 18,824 Floating2.9%3.5%8/9/202570%3
Loan 58Office10/29/2020Denver, CO18,541 18,708 Floating3.6%4.7%11/9/202564%3
Loan 59Multifamily6/24/2021Phoenix, AZ18,350 18,548 Floating3.4%4.0%7/9/202674%3
Loan 60Multifamily7/14/2021Salt Lake City, UT17,602 17,733 Floating3.3%3.7%8/9/202673%3
Loan 61Multifamily9/1/2021Bellevue, WA17,283 17,500 Floating2.9%3.5%9/9/202564%3
Loan 62Multifamily6/25/2021Phoenix, AZ16,259 16,428 Floating3.2%3.6%7/9/202675%3
Loan 63Multifamily6/15/2021Phoenix, AZ15,285 15,392 Floating3.3%3.7%7/9/202674%3
Loan 64Multifamily11/24/2020Tucson, AZ15,150 15,191 Floating3.6%4.7%12/9/202575%3
Loan 65Multifamily3/5/2021Tucson, AZ14,761 14,832 Floating3.7%4.2%3/9/202672%3
Loan 66Office8/31/2021Los Angeles, CA14,331 14,570 Floating5.0%5.7%9/9/202666%3
Loan 67Multifamily2/8/2019Las Vegas, NV14,138 14,138 Floating3.2%5.7%2/9/202471%3
Loan 68Multifamily5/27/2021Phoenix, AZ13,845 13,980 Floating3.1%3.5%6/9/202672%3
Loan 69Multifamily3/31/2021Albuquerque, NM13,789 13,928 Floating3.4%3.9%4/9/202676%3
Loan 70Multifamily7/21/2021Durham, NC13,580 13,728 Floating3.3%3.7%8/9/202672%3
Loan 71Multifamily7/28/2021San Antonio, TX13,232 13,369 Floating3.3%4.0%8/9/202476%3
Loan 72Multifamily2/11/2021Provo, UT13,040 13,152 Floating3.8%4.6%3/9/202671%3
Loan 73Multifamily2/25/2021Louisville, KY11,792 11,893 Floating3.9%4.4%3/9/202674%3
Loan 74Multifamily4/9/2021Phoenix, AZ10,916 11,017 Floating3.6%4.1%4/9/202675%3
Loan 75(6)(7)
Other (Mixed-use)10/17/2018Dublin, Ireland8,153 16,013 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
12/31/2023n/a5
Total/Weighted average senior loans$2,976,118 $2,996,752 4.9%4/2/202570%3.2
Mezzanine loans
Loan 76(6)
Multifamily12/26/2018Santa Clarita, CA$63,552 $63,797 Fixed7.0%13.8%12/26/202456% – 84%3
Loan 77(6)
Multifamily12/3/2019Milpitas, CA37,505 37,619 Fixed8.0%13.3%12/3/202449% – 71%3
Loan 78(6)
Multifamily7/11/2019Placentia, CA31,628 32,142 Fixed8.0%13.3%7/11/202451% – 84%4
Loan 79Hotel9/23/2019Berkeley, CA29,165 29,165 Fixed11.5%11.5%7/9/202566% – 81%4
Loan 80Hotel1/9/2017New York, NY12,120 12,000 Floating11.0%11.5%9/9/202263% – 76%4
Loan 81(6)
Office7/20/2018Dublin, Ireland4,715 4,582 Fixedn/a12.5%12/20/202145% – 68%3
Loan 82Multifamily7/30/2014Various - TX4,497 4,497 Fixed9.5%9.5%8/11/202471% – 83%3
Loan 83(6)(7)
Other (Mixed-use)6/29/2015Rolling Hills Estates, CA2,276 2,710 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
6/29/2022n/a5
Loan 84(6)(7)
Other (Mixed-use)3/19/2013San Rafael, CA173 311 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
3/31/202232% – 86%5
Loan 85(6)(7)
Other (Mixed-use)9/1/2020Los Angeles, CA— 162,243 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
7/9/2023n/a5
Total/Weighted average mezzanine loans$185,631 $349,066 12.8%9/16/2024 54% - 77%3.4
Preferred equity & other loans
Loan 86Office8/22/2018Las Vegas, NV$18,894 $18,953 Fixed8.0%15.3%9/9/2023n/a3
Loan 87(8)
Industrial9/1/2016Various - U.S.16,200 — n/an/an/a9/2/2027n/a4
Loan 88(6)
Office7/20/2018Dublin, Ireland373 — n/an/an/a12/20/2021n/a3
Loan 89(8)
Hotel10/24/2014Austin, TX314 — n/an/an/an/an/an/a
Loan 90(6)(7)
Other (Mixed-use)6/9/2015Rolling Hills Estates, CA$— $— 
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/a (7)
n/an/a5
Total/Weighted average preferred equity & other loans(9)
$35,781 $18,953 8.1%8/2/2024n/a3.4
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Collateral typeOrigination DateCity, State
Carrying value(1)
Principal balanceCoupon type
Cash Coupon(2)
Unlevered all-in yield(3)
Extended maturity date
Loan-to-value(4)
Q3 Risk ranking(5)
Total/Weighted average senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity - Our Portfolio$3,197,530 $3,364,771 5.4%3/11/2025n/a3.2

(1)Represents carrying values at our share as of September 30, 2020.2021.
(2)Represents the stated coupon rate for loans; for floating rate loans, does not include USD 1-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) which was 0.15%0.08% as of September 30, 2020.2021.
(3)In addition to the stated cash coupon rate, unlevered all-in yield includes non-cash payment in-kind interest income and the accrual of origination, extension and exit fees. Unlevered all-in yield for the loan portfolio assumes the applicable floating benchmark rate as of September 30, 20202021 for weighted average calculations.
(4)Except for construction loans, senior loans reflect the initial loan amount divided by the as-is value as of the date the loan was originated, or the principal amount divided by the appraised value as of the date of the most recent as-is appraisal. Mezzanine loans include attachment loan-to-value and detachment loan-to-value, respectively. Attachment loan-to-value reflects initial funding of loans senior to our position divided by the as-is value as of the date the loan was originated, or the principal amount divided by the appraised value as of the date of the most recent appraisal. Detachment loan-to-value reflects the cumulative initial funding of our loan and the loans senior to our position divided by the as-is value as of the date the loan was originated, or the cumulative principal amount divided by the appraised value as of the date of the most recent appraisal.
(5)On a quarterly basis, the Company’s senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity are rated “1” through “5,” from less risk to greater risk. Represents risk ranking as of September 30, 2020, June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively.2021.
(6)Construction senior loans’ loan-to-value reflect the total commitment amount of the loan divided by the as completed appraised value, or the total commitment amount of the loan divided by the projected total cost basis. Construction mezzanine loans include attachment loan-to-value and detachment loan-to-value, respectively. Attachment loan-to-value reflects the total commitment amount of loans senior to our position divided by as-completed appraised value, or the total commitment amount of loans senior to our position divided by projected total cost basis. Detachment loan-to-value reflect the cumulative commitment amount of our loan and the loans senior to our position divided by as-completed appraised value, or the cumulative commitment amount of our loan and loans senior to our position divided by projected total cost basis.
(7)Loans 15, 3375, 83, 84, 85, and 4190 are on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2020;2021; as such, no income is being recognized.
(8)Represents equity participation interests related to senior loans, mezzanine loans and/or preferred equity investments.
(9)Weighted average calculation for preferred equity and other loans excludes equity participation interests.
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The following table details the types of properties securing our senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity included in our Core Portfolio and geographic distribution as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Book value (at CLNC share)
Collateral property typeCountSenior mortgage loans
Mezzanine loans and preferred equity (1)
Total% of Total
Office18 $769,515 $28,306 $797,821 34.8 %
Multifamily14 591,473 116,543 708,016 30.8 %
Industrial2 114,757 16,200 130,957 5.7 %
Hotel8 377,705 40,068 417,773 18.2 %
Other(2)
5 127,056 113,424 240,480 10.5 %
Total47 $1,980,506 $314,541 $2,295,047 100.0 %
Book value (at CLNC share)
RegionCountSenior mortgage loans
Mezzanine loans and preferred equity (1)
Total% of Total
US West23 $1,081,733 $261,097 $1,342,830 58.5 %
US Northeast8 507,341 11,785 519,126 22.6 %
US Southwest8 257,843 5,772 263,615 11.5 %
Europe3 60,657 14,591 75,248 3.3 %
US Southeast2 53,438 4,033 57,471 2.5 %
US Midwest1 19,494 5,215 24,709 1.1 %
US Other(3)
2 — 12,048 12,048 0.5 %
Total47 $1,980,506 $314,541 $2,295,047 100.0 %

(1)Mezzanine loans and preferred equity also contains one corporate term loan secured by the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund.
(2)Other includes commercial and residential development and predevelopment assets and one corporate term loan secured by the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund.
(3)US Other contains one corporate term loan secured by the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund.
The following charts illustrate the diversification of our senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity included in our Core Portfolio based on interest rate category, property type, and geography as of September 30, 2020 (percentages based on book value at our share, which represents the proportionate book value based on our ownership by asset):

Interest Rate CategoryProperty Type
clnc-20200930_g4.jpg
clnc-20200930_g5.jpg
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Geography
clnc-20200930_g6.jpg
Book value (at BRSP share)
Collateral property typeCountSenior mortgage loansMezzanine loans and preferred equityTotal% of Total
Multifamily53 $1,567,622 $137,182 $1,704,804 53.3 %
Office23 928,490 24,041 952,531 29.8 %
Hotel7 396,748 41,599 438,347 13.7 %
Other(1)
6 83,258 2,390 85,648 2.7 %
Industrial / Self Storage1 — 16,200 16,200 0.5 %
Total90 $2,976,118 $221,412 $3,197,530 100.0 %
Book value (at BRSP share)
RegionCountSenior mortgage loansMezzanine loans and preferred equityTotal% of Total
US West35 $1,340,916 $183,193 $1,524,109 47.8 %
US Southwest35 967,860 4,811 972,671 30.4 %
US Northeast8 475,739 12,120 487,859 15.2 %
US Southeast7 164,197 — 164,197 5.1 %
US Midwest2 19,253 16,200 35,453 1.1 %
Europe3 8,153 5,088 13,241 0.4 %
Total90 $2,976,118 $221,412 $3,197,530 100.0 %

(1)Other includes commercial and residential development and predevelopment assets, one corporate term loan secured byassets.
Due to the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund, and a preferred equity investment in a loan origination platform.
(2)Other contains one corporate term loan secured by the borrower’s limited partnership interests in a fund and a preferred equity investment in a loan origination platform.
continued impact of COVID-19, Update
For the three months ended September 30, 2020 we have collected all of our loan interest payments, excluding payment-in-kind loans. Most of our borrowers paid on time utilizing cash from operations, while some utilized interest and other reserves. Additionally, some loans required partial modification of their existing reserves to provide their loan interest payment.
In October 2020, we collected all loan interest payments except for one loan, excluding payment-in-kind loans. Most of our borrowers paid on time utilizing cash from operations, while some utilized interest and other reserves. Additionally, some loans required partial modification of their existing reserves to provide their loan interest payment. The one loan on which we did not receive our loan interest payment is currently in maturity default as we work on an extension with the borrower.
We expect some borrowers may continue to experience difficulties making their loan payments over the next several quarters. We are particularly concerned with and focused on loans collateralized by hotels as well as mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments that are subordinate to senior loans provided by other lenders such as our Los Angeles, Construction Loan and Preferred Equity InvestmentCalifornia Mixed-use Development mezzanine B-participation investment discussed below. Failure of our borrowers to meet their loan obligations will not only impact our financial results but may also trigger repayments under our bank credit and master repurchase facilities. Our asset management team is having discussionsspeaks with borrowers to remain informed on a reasonably current basis, seekand seeks to identify issues and address potential value preserving solutions, which may include a loan modification.
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We have five loans on nonaccrual status during the nine months endedas of September 30, 2020,2021, of which we received cash interest payments from these loans of $9.8$4.0 million and applied the cash interest collected as a reduction to the loan’s carrying value. Refer to loan 75, loan 83, loan 84, loan 85 and loan 90 in the asset level detail table above for further details. Loan 75, which is a euro-denominated senior mortgage loan for a fully entitled land acquisition for a mixed-use development project in Dublin, Ireland (“Project Dockland”) went into maturity default on September 15, 2021. Project Dockland’s investment interests are held through a joint venture that includes private investment vehicles managed by Digital Bridge (the “Co-Lenders”). The Co-Lenders have reserved all rights and are evaluating remedies, which may include the appointment of a receiver at the investment. Four of the five non-accrual loans are in the process of being sold as part of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale, as discussed below. The remaining nonaccrual loan is associated with our Los Angeles, California Mixed-use Project which is discussed in further detail below.
At September 30, 20202021 our current expected credit loss reserve (“CECL”) calculated by our probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) model for our outstanding loans and future loan funding commitments is $40.2$43.7 million, or $0.31 per share, which is 1.7%1.3% of the aggregate commitment amount of our loan portfolio. This represents a $8.9an increase of $0.8 million increase from $31.3$42.9 million for the three months endedat June 30, 2020. The difference2021, which is primarily driven by decliningnew loan originations during the third quarter of 2021.
Asset Specific Summaries: Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity
The Co-Invest Portfolio Sale
Loan TypeCollateral typeOrigination DateCarrying valuePrincipal balanceCoupon typeCash CouponUnlevered all-in yieldExtended maturity dateLoan-to-valueQ3 Risk ranking
Loan 75SeniorOther (Mixed-use)10/17/2018$8,153 $16,013 n/an/an/a12/31/2023n/a5
Loan 81/ 88Mezzanine/Pref. EquityOffice7/20/20185,088 4,582 Fixed
n/a		n/a12.5% / n/a12/20/202145% – 68%3
Loan 83/90Mezzanine/Pref. EquityOther (Mixed-use)6/29/20152,276 2,710 n/an/an/a6/29/2022n/a5
Loan 84MezzanineOther (Mixed-use)3/19/2013173 311 n/an/an/a3/31/202232% – 86%5
Loan 89Preferred EquityHotel10/24/2014314 — n/an/an/an/an/an/a
On July 19, 2021, we reached an agreement to sell the five co-investment assets in the table above to managed by vehicles of Fortress Investment Group LLC (“Fortress”), for gross proceeds of $223 million (the “Co-Invest Portfolio Sale”). Upon closing of the transaction, which is subject to customary closing conditions, third-party consents and purchase price adjustments, we anticipate recognizing a total net realized loss of approximately $4.6 million, net of selling costs.
The Co-Invest Portfolio Sale will resolve five of six legacy co-investment assets owned alongside investment vehicles managed by DigitalBridge. The last remaining co-investment asset performance attributable(which is not part of this sale) is our Los Angeles, California Mixed-Use Project (see narrative below). On June 7, 2021, DigitalBridge also announced a portfolio sale with Fortress that included its joint venture interests in the same five investments. The Co-Invest Portfolio Sale is conditioned on, and will close concurrent with, the transaction between DigitalBridge and Fortress. We anticipate closing of the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale prior to the on-goingoutside closing date of March 31, 2022, subject to customary closing conditions and third party consents, however we can offer no assurances that the transaction will close as expected or at all. In October 2021, a joint venture partner applied in Ireland for an injunction to delay the DigitalBridge and Fortress transaction and a temporary injunction was granted pending a hearing on November 23, 2021. The outcome of this hearing may delay the closing of such transaction and Co-Invest Portfolio Sale and/or impact the ability to close both transactions.
Per generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to value these assets at the lower of COVID-19.
Duringcost or fair market value. As of June 30, 2021, to reflect the second quarter,cash we also sold a preferred equity investment which included 35% of the preferred equity’s kicker feature for a total gross sales price and liquidity of $98.6 million while recognizing a net loss onexpect to receive from the sale, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment loss adjustments on Loan 75: $32.8 million, Loans 83 & 90: $1.4 million and Loan 84: $1.3 million, totaling a loss of $10.1 million.$35.5 million, of which $32.0 million was allocated to our Company and $3.5 million was allocated to our partner in the “5-Investment Preferred Financing.” Refer to “COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” belowsection for further discussiondiscussion. Additionally, we expect to record an offsetting gain on Loans 81, 88 and 89 totaling approximately $27.4 million upon the closing of the transaction, resulting in a total net realized loss of approximately $4.6 million, net of selling costs. However, we can offer no assurances regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
Additionally, during the three months ended September 30, 2020, the following three loans were resolved:
•The hotel property securing Midwest Hospitality was sold and we received $24.5 million in gross proceeds and concurrently provided a bridge loan in the amount of $19.5 million to a new borrower secured by Midwest Hospitality. Forany loss or gain the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a specific provision for loan lossCompany will actually realize in connection with the sale.
The Co-Invest Portfolio Sale includes four of $2.3 million on our Midwest Hospitality loan secured by a hotel in Bloomington, MN, with an unpaid principal balance of $29.8 million. This loan was placed on nonaccrual status during 2019 and is the only loaninvestments included in our Core“5-Investment Preferred Financing,” a COVID-19 related financing secured in June 2020 for balance sheet protective purposes. We anticipate using the proceeds from the Co-Invest Portfolio that was delinquent.Sale to pay-off the “5-Investment Preferred Financing.”
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•We received gross proceeds of $80.7 million in a discounted payoff of one loan secured by six suburban office buildings (“Northeast Office Portfolio”) which was equal to the carrying value of the loan, net of current provision for loan losses. As such, no additional provision for loan losses were required at June 30, 2020. A $20.9 million allowance for loan losses was recorded as of March 31, 2020, which included an $8.8 million allowance for loan losses resulting from CECL adoption and an additional $12.1 million provision for loan losses recognition during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
•We received $105.2 million in gross proceeds resulting from a sale of our loan secured by a hospitality asset in San Diego, California (“West Hospitality”) and concurrently repaid $56.8 million on our master repurchase facility. During the second quarter, we classified this loan as held for sale and recognized a net loss of $32.8 million to reflect the expected proceeds to be collected in a sale of the loan. We had recorded a $5.2 million allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2020, which included a $2.6 million allowance for loan losses resulting from CECL adoption and an additional $2.6 million provision for loan losses recognized for West Hospitality during the three months ended March 31, 2020. In connection with transferring the loan to held for sale during the second quarter, we reversed out the $5.2 million from provision for loan losses line item and recorded $38.0 million in other loss, net.
Furthermore, the Company had a total $1.6 million allowance for loan losses recorded as of September 30, 2020, which included a $0.1 million allowance for loan losses resulting from CECL adoption and an additional $1.5 million provision for loan losses recognition recorded during the first and second quarters of 2020, on one loan secured by the borrowers limited partner interests in a fund (“Corporate Term loan”). Subsequent to September 30, 2020 the Company received gross proceeds of $12.1 million in a discounted payoff of the Corporate Term loan which was equal to the carrying value of the loan, net of current provision for loan losses. As such, no additional provision for loan losses were required at September 30, 2020.
Los Angeles, California Mixed-Use Project—Third Party $275 Million Construction Mezzanine Loan Upsize and Retained B-Participation Investment
We
Loan TypeCollateral typeOrigination DateCarrying valuePrincipal balanceCoupon typeCash CouponUnlevered all-in yieldExtended maturity dateLoan-to-valueQ3 Risk ranking
Loan 85MezzanineOther (Mixed-use)9/1/2020$— $162,243 n/an/an/a7/9/2023n/a5
Risk of Foreclosure and Maturity Default (see Historical Details below)
On July 9, 2021, the borrower failed to pay the principal balance of the Upsized Mezzanine Loan (as defined below) and senior mortgage loan or meet other tests for extension of the maturity date. The Senior Mezzanine Lender (as defined below) and senior mortgage lender each delivered reservation of rights letters to the senior mezzanine borrower and borrower, respectively. The lender parties and borrower have engaged in discussions regarding the current status of the sale of the hotel and the completion of the tower condominiums and anticipated tower condominium sales projections. Since the new capital investment of $275 million was made on September 1, 2020, there have been additional hard and soft costs overruns which are not supported by current commitments or reserves at the Mixed-use Project; provided, however, since the borrower maturity default, the Senior Mezzanine Lender has funded an additional approximately $47 million in protective advances ahead of our junior B-participation position. The hotel is currently open for business and the condominium towers are nearing completion. However, there continue to be delays experienced at the project, which include delays of the sale of the hotel property. In October 2021, in addition to the recent protective advances, the entire senior mortgage loan (with a total funding commitment of approximately $1.0 billion) was acquired at par by an affiliate of the Senior Mezzanine Lender (collectively, the “Senior Lender Group”). Since this acquisition, the senior mortgage commenced bearing interest at the default rate of approximately 11%. Given the Senior Lender Group’s consolidation of indebtedness, needed additional fundings and their preparedness to exercise any and all remedies, the CLNY Mezzanine Lender’s (as defined below) inability to reach a feasible restructuring agreement could result in the Senior Lender Group foreclosing out our mezzanine B-participation investment.
The borrower maturity default on July 9, 2021, further delays at the project and in sales activities, additional capital requirements, potential restructuring of indebtedness and actions that may be taken by the Senior Lender Group, notwithstanding continuing negotiations with the Senior Lender Group, have negatively impacted our investment interest. Importantly, the acquisition of the senior mortgage by the Senior Mezzanine Lender increases the likelihood of a mortgage foreclosure of our interests. As such, during the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a fair value loss adjustment of $97.9 million, which represents our remaining proportionate share in the investment.
Historical Details
In July 2017, we originated a $189.0 million commitment to an approximately $574 million mezzanine loan and preferred equity investment in a development project in Los Angeles County, which includes a hospitality and retail renovation and a new condominium tower construction (the “Mixed-use Project”). Our investment interests are held through a joint venture (the “Colony“CLNY Mezzanine Lender”) with affiliates of our Manager.DigitalBridge.
In April 2020, the senior mortgage lender notified the borrower developer that the Mixed-use Project loan funding was out of balance, due to cost overruns from certain hard and soft costs and senior loan interest reserve shortfalls projected through completion. To address the out of balance circumstance during the second quarter of 2020, the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender made two protective advances to the senior mortgage lender totaling $67.6$69.1 million, of which our share was $28.5 million. The ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender placed this investment on nonaccrual status.
In June 2020, the senior mortgage lender funded a third protective advance of $15.5 million. Additionally, the loans held by the senior mortgage lender and ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender, respectively, matured on July 9, 2020.
On September 1, 2020, in cooperation with the borrower and the EB-5 lender, the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender and senior mortgage lender secured $275 million of additional mezzanine financing from a third-party mezzanine lender (the “Senior Mezzanine Lender”).To consummate the new mezzanine financing, the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender simplified its investment interest by converting its existing preferred equity principal and accrued interest into the existing mezzanine loan, transferred the mezzanine loan to the Senior Mezzanine Lender, who subsequently increased the mezzanine loan amount by $275 million to an approximately $821 million total mezzanine loan (the “Upsized Mezzanine Loan”). The Senior Mezzanine Lender holds a $275 million A-participation and the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender (including our interest) continues to hold an approximately $546 million noncontrolling B-participation interest in the Upsized Mezzanine Loan at the Mixed-use Project. The Senior Mezzanine Lender continues forward asis the sole administrative agent and Upsized Mezzanine Loan owner. The Upsized Mezzanine Loan closing and revised budget addressed certain amendments to maturity dates to complete and sell the hotel by July 2021 and modifications to certain borrower extension tests to facilitate completion of the Mixed-use Project. The ColonyCLNY Mezzanine
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Lender’s B-participation investment continues to carry an interest rate of 12.90% per annum, consistent with our interest rate prior to this mezzanine refinancing event. The B-participation investment is a subordinate interest to the A-participation interest in respect to payments of principal and interest. The new $275 million financing commitment coverscovered current capital requirements at the Mixed-use Project and includesincluded both $65 million of interest reserves to cover A-participation interest payments and $100 million reserved for future funding obligations, in furtherance of a revised construction budget to be made by the Senior Mezzanine Lender and senior mortgage lender only.at such time. The ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender is no longer subject to future funding commitments in accordance with the revised budget. As previously reported, the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender had a remaining unfunded commitment of $39.3 million, of which our share was $14.5 million.
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During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we placed the mezzanine loans and preferred equity investment on nonaccrual status and recorded our proportionate share of a fair value loss adjustment totaling $89.3 million. (See Loans 36million, and 46 in the table above). Having just completed the Upsized Mezzanine Loan refinancing, among other factors, for the period ended September 30, 2020, we continuecontinued to maintain the nonaccrual status and fair value loss adjustment on our proportionate share of the ColonyCLNY Mezzanine Lender’s B-participation investment.
NotwithstandingThe hotel portion of the Upsized Mezzanine Loandevelopment has been completed and the temporary certificate of occupancy was granted in October 2020. The borrower initiated a sales process for the hotel component of the mixed-use project, targeting a closing including a revised budget, amendmentsin the second half of 2021 (the proceeds of which would be used to maturity dates and extension tests and reserves for future funding, it is possible that additional cost overruns,actual and potential construction delays, diminishedpay down the senior mortgage loan). In addition, certain hotel and conference facility demand and slower pace oftower condominium sales greater negative carry costs than currently projected or other factors, individually or together, may occur and be further impacted by COVID-19 and could negatively impacthave closed since December 2020, with $24 million in aggregate proceeds used to pay down the overall valuesenior mortgage construction loan.
San Jose, California Hotel Senior Loan
Loan TypeCollateral typeOrigination DateCarrying valuePrincipal balanceCoupon typeCash CouponUnlevered all-in yieldExtended maturity dateLoan-to-valueQ3 Risk ranking
Loan 1SeniorHotel1/2/2018$184,959 $184,959 Floating4.8%5.3%1/9/202362%4
We originated a $173.5 million senior loan for the sponsor’s purchase of the Mixed-use Project, including our continuing interestSan Jose Hotel in 2018. The loan included an initial funding of $166.6 million with an additional $6.9 million of future advances. At closing, the borrower contributed approximately $90.0 million of equity toward the acquisition.
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the B-participation investment.spring of 2020 created challenges, which included lower occupancy rates, weaker financial performance and borrower funding of approximately $18.6 million of shortfalls to maintain operations, which ultimately led the borrower to close the San Jose, California hotel and file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in March 2021. We entered into a restructuring support agreement with the borrower with respect to the bankruptcy process, in our capacity as the sole secured creditor. The bankruptcy court authorized the rejection of the existing hotel management agreement and approved a restructuring plan for the borrower to exit bankruptcy with Signia by Hilton as the new brand and hotel manager, and a $25 million mezzanine loan to support the re-opening, property improvement plans, certain operating expenses and all expenses associated with the bankruptcy process.
Dublin, Ireland Senior Predevelopment Loan
We holdOn May 18, 2021, the bankruptcy court issued a $189.6 million co-lender interest (61%) in aconfirmation order approving the amended and restated senior mortgage loan terms and our right to rely on such order to finalize documents with our borrower as it emerges from bankruptcy in accordance with the third amended joint Chapter 11 plan of reorganization. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we expect to amend and restate the senior mortgage loan, subject to customary closing conditions, in the amount of $310.9 million. The$184.9 million, an upsize which reflects accrued interest and fees during the non-accrual period, collapsing the prior preferred equity investment into the restated senior mortgage loan and certain other costs and expenses associated with bankruptcy. The San Jose Hotel is also held by private investment vehicles managed by Colony Capital. The senior mortgage is Euro– denominatedscheduled to reopen in the first quarter of 2022. As the bankruptcy plan and is for a fully entitled land acquisition for a mixed-use development projectloan terms were approved in Dublin, Ireland (Project Dockland).
The project borrower has planning permission for 420 apartments and approximately 380,000 square feetthe second quarter of offices on the site, but the project borrower subsequently sought to increase that number to 1,000 total residential units across two towers of 40 and 44 stories, respectively. Based on this value-driven expansion effort and updated permitting guidelines for waterfront development implemented by the Irish government zoning authority, the borrower modified its final development application, which is currently under review by planning authorities. While the Project Dockland schedule had been extended by approximately six to nine months, as previously disclosed, the majority of enabling works commenced in July 2020 and remain on track to be completed, as planned, in January 2021. The aforementioned delay may limit the ability of the borrower to obtain a senior secured development construction facility within the expected timeline as initially underwritten; however, senior financing is largely dependent on pre-letting discussions, which are progressing. We2021 and our senior mortgage co-lenders regularly engageloan documents were substantively finalized during the third quarter of 2021, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 we reinstated the loan investment and recognized interest income of $6.8 million, of which $4.4 million relates to past due interest and fees during the non-accrual period of February 2021 through June 2021 and $2.4 million relates to interest income during the third quarter of 2021. We currently hold the senior loan as an unencumbered asset and expect to finance the loan utilizing one of our warehouse facilities.
Berkeley, California Hotel Senior Loan and Mezzanine Loan
Loan TypeCollateral typeOrigination DateCarrying valuePrincipal balanceCoupon typeCash CouponUnlevered all-in yieldExtended maturity dateLoan-to-valueQ3 Risk ranking
Loan 3SeniorHotel6/28/2018$119,543 $120,000 Floating3.2%5.2%7/9/202566%4
Loan 79MezzanineHotel9/23/201929,165 29,165 Fixed11.5%11.5%7/9/202566% -81%4
We originated a $109.8 million senior loan in discussions2018 to replace the sponsor’s existing financing on a hotel located in Berkeley, California (the “Berkeley Hotel”). The hotel includes meeting space, full-service restaurants and tennis club facilities. The loan
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included an initial funding of $98.8 million with an additional $11.0 million of future advances. The sponsor purchased the Berkeley Hotel in 2014 for a purchase price of $89.5 million and has spent a significant amount on capital improvements. In September 2019, we upsized the senior loan to $120.0 million and provided a $29.3 million mezzanine loan to facilitate the sponsor’s acquisition of a third party’s equity interest in the property. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the Berkeley Hotel was closed from April through July of 2020, during which time the loan stayed current through the combination of federal loans (Paycheck Protection Program), borrower to address continuing developmentsreserves, and solutionslender advances from the mezzanine loan.
The hotel partially re-opened in August 2020 and shortly thereafter, began generating cash flow. Operating performance has steadily improved in 2021 at the project.
In addition, project delays, permitting processes, uncertain market conditions as a resultBerkley Hotel. During the third quarter of 2021 cash flows were sufficient to fully cover the debt service payment. The borrower has previously supported debt service shortfalls out-of-pocket. COVID-19 (including adverse impacts on demand for officecases in California continue to impact occupancy, which may influence future borrower actions and residential space), maysupport at the Berkeley Hotel and have a negative impact on performance of the asset and the value of our investment interest.
Long Island City, New York Office Senior Loans
Loan TypeCollateral typeOrigination DateCarrying valuePrincipal balanceCoupon typeCash CouponUnlevered all-in yieldExtended maturity dateLoan-to-valueQ3 Risk ranking
Loan 12SeniorOffice5/29/2019$66,059 $66,086 Floating3.5%5.9%6/9/202459%4
Loan 13SeniorOffice4/5/201964,746 64,746 Floating3.3%5.7%4/9/202458%4
We originated two senior lender’s investmentmortgage loans on two transitional office properties to the same sponsorship group. However, the borrowing entities are unrelated and the loans are neither cross-collateralized nor cross defaulted.
The New York City metro office markets have experienced substantial increases in vacancy rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Long Island City market has experienced further increases in vacancy as newly developed or renovated properties have become available for leasing. Additionally, the availability of significant sub-lease space in Long Island City has created additional supply at below market rents. There is increasing confidence among market participants that office demand will increase in the near future, as many tenants solidify their return-to-work plans. However, the timeline may not be rapid enough to remedy the negative impact on sponsor’s business plans and leasing activity for these two properties. As such, the underlying individual property cash flows are insufficient to cover their respective debt service payments. In March 2021, we agreed to shift future funding advances from the tenant improvements and leasing costs account to be used for interest carry and operations shortfalls for a period of six months on Loan 12 and twelve months on Loan 13. The six-month shortfall future funding advance period expired in August 2021 for Loan 12 and the borrower deposited six months interest and carry in exchange for certain waivers and extensions that extend through September 2022. In regards to leasing activity at these properties, Loan 13 has in place leases accounting for 21% of the property, along with two license agreements that generate revenue from rooftop signage and antenna space and there is a pending lease expected to be executed representing an additional 10% of the property. Loan 12 has in place leases accounting for 7% of the property with one license agreement for rooftop signage and a pending lease expected to be executed which represents an additional 3% of the property.It is possible that uncertain market conditions and borrower actions may result in a future valuation impairment or investment loss. Given the delays and potential negative impact
Student Housing Loan, Various - US
Loan TypeCollateral typeOrigination DateCarrying valuePrincipal balanceCoupon typeCash CouponUnlevered all-in yieldExtended maturity dateLoan-to-valueQ3 Risk ranking
Loan 7SeniorMultifamily4/11/2019$92,000 $92,000 Floating3.0%5.8%4/9/202465%4
We originated a $92.0 million senior loan to refinance a portfolio of COVID-19 on market conditions the loan was placed on nonaccrual status for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. We are working with the borrower and evaluating options.three cross-collateralized student housing properties. The loan’s initial maturity date is December 31, 2020, and the borrower is unlikely to meet the conditions required for an automatic extension. (See Loan 3 in the table).
During the second quarter, we completed an asset level preferred financing on five assets which included Project Dockland.
Refer to “COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for further discussion regardingprolonged effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has put stress on the student housing market and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
Other Impairmentforced one of Loans and Preferred Equity Held in Joint Ventures
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized our proportionate shareschools serviced by the portfolio to hold classes 100% remotely during the 2020-2021 academic year, drastically decreasing revenue.
We have agreed to forbear the tax and replacement reserve requirements while the borrower pursues a sale of a fair value loss adjustment totaling $7.0 million reducingall three properties. The borrower has agreed to accelerated remedies in the carrying to $10.8 million from $17.8 million on one mezzanine loan secured by a mixed-use development project (“West Mixed-use”)event of which we own 50.0%default after the forbearance period. There are executed purchase and sales agreements for each of the joint venture. The changethree assets with three separate parties expected to close, subject to customary closing conditions. These sales are expected to generate total combined proceeds sufficient to payoff the debt amount. However, it is fair value ispossible that a disruption of the sale process could result in a future valuation impairment or investment loss.
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Payment-In-Kind (“PIK”) Interest Income
We have debt investments in our portfolio that contain a PIK provision. Contractual PIK interest, which represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance that is due at the end of the loan term, is generally recorded on an accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, we recorded total PIK interest of $3.9$11.1 million and $23.2$18.3 million, respectively. We will generally cease accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or management does not expect the borrower to be able to pay all principal and interest due.
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CRE Debt Securities
The following table presents an overview of our CRE debt securities in our Core Portfolio as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Weighted Average(1)
Weighted Average(1)
CRE Debt Securities by ratings category(2)
CRE Debt Securities by ratings category(2)
Number of SecuritiesBook valueCash couponUnlevered all-in yieldRemaining termRatings
CRE Debt Securities by ratings category(2)
Number of SecuritiesBook valueCash couponUnlevered all-in yieldRemaining termRatings
Investment grade rated (BBB)9 $27,691 — %— %6.2 BBB-
Non-investment grade rated (BB)Non-investment grade rated (BB)2 8,558 — %— %4.8 BB | BNon-investment grade rated (BB)1 $3,945 — %— %4.5 BB | B
“B-pieces” of CMBS securitization pools“B-pieces” of CMBS securitization pools8 68,467 4.6 %10.3 %5.1 —“B-pieces” of CMBS securitization pools4 39,124 2.8 %11.9 %5.7 —
Total/Weighted AverageTotal/Weighted Average19 $104,716 3.3 %6.7 %5.3 —Total/Weighted Average5 $43,069 2.5 %10.8 %5.6 —

(1)Weighted average metrics weighted by book value, except for cash coupon which is weighted by principal balance.
(2)As of September 30, 2020,2021, all CRE debt securities consisted of CMBS.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,third quarter of 2021, we soldrecorded a realized loss of $3.9 million related to the following CMBS bonds (dollarssale of an underlying loan held within one of our retained investments in thousands):the subordinate tranches of another securitization trust.
Number of SecuritiesGross ProceedsRepayment of CMBS Credit FacilityNet Proceeds
Net gain (loss)(1)
Three months ended June 30, 202027$89,700 $66,100 $23,600 $(57,000)
Three months ended September 30, 2020528,824 13,120 15,704 5,156 
Total(2)
32 $118,524 $79,220 $39,304 $(51,844)

(1)Net loss during the quarter ended June 30, 2020 contained $36.4 million previously recorded as an unrealized loss in other comprehensive income at March 31, 2020.
(2)Subsequent to September 30, 2020,2021, we sold 6one CRE securitiessecurity for $14.7$5.1 million in gross sales proceeds and will recognize a gain of approximately $3.6$1.2 million.
Additionally, during Following the quarter ended June 30, 2020,sale, we unwound a portion of our interest rate swaps and in connection realized a loss of $34.0 million. This resulted in the release of $32.0 million held in a margin account to unrestricted cash.
Consistent with the overall market, our CRE debt securities (CMBS), which we mark to fair value, lost significant value since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the market at September 30, 2020 experienced a slight rebound in some securities from the marks taken at June 30, 2020, we believe bond prices will remain at or around current levels over the next six to twelve months. As we evaluate selling our investment grade and non-investment grade rated bonds over the next twelve months, it is more likely than not that we will sell before recovery. As a result, during the three months ended June 30, 2020 we recorded an impairment loss of $29.2 million. Additionally, during the second quarter, we have placed our investment grade and non-investment grade rated bonds on cost recovery and as a result, have ceased accretion of any discounts to expected maturity and applied any cash interest received against the securities’ carrying value.
We expect continued challenges to CRE debt security values, with further losses resulting from delinquencies and potential defaults in underlying loans with respect to loans secured by hotel and retail properties. Further losses not only impact our financial results but may also trigger further repayments under our CMBS credit facilities.
Refer to “COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for further discussion regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.hold four B-piece securities.
Net Leased and Other Real Estate
Our net leased real estate investment strategy focuses on direct ownership in commercial real estate with an emphasis on properties with stable cash flow, which may be structurally senior to a third-party partner’s equity. In addition, we may own net leased real estate investments through joint ventures with one or more partners. As part of our net leased real estate strategy, we explore a variety of real estate investments including multi-tenant office, multifamily, student housing and industrial. These properties are typically well-located with strong operating partners and we believe offer both attractive cash flow and returns.
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commercial real estate with an emphasis on properties with stable cash flow, which may be structurally senior to a third-party partner’s equity. We own these operating real estate investments through joint ventures with one or more partners. These properties are typically well-located with strong operating partners.
As of September 30, 2020, $0.7 billion,2021, $695.6 million or 23.7%17.6% of our assets were invested in net leased and other real estate properties included in our Core Portfolio and these properties were 98.3%96.8% occupied. The following table presents our net leased and other real estate investments included in our Core Portfolio as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Count
Carrying Value(1)
NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2020(2)
Count
Carrying Value(1)
NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2021(2)
Net leased real estateNet leased real estate5 $746,281 $12,918 Net leased real estate9 $495,790 $9,405 
Total/Weighted average net leased real estate - Core Portfolio5 $746,281 $12,918 
Other real estateOther real estate3 199,784 5,715 
Total/Weighted average net leased and other real estateTotal/Weighted average net leased and other real estate12 $695,574 $15,120 

(1)Represents carrying values at our share as of September 30, 2020;2021; includes real estate tangible assets, deferred leasing costs and other intangible assets less intangible liabilities.
(2)Excludes NOI of $1.7 million that relates to properties that have been sold. Please refer to “Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures” for further information on NOI.
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The following table provides asset-level detail of our net leased and other real estate included in our Core Portfolio as of September 30, 2020:2021:
Collateral typeCity, StateNumber of PropertiesNumber of BuildingsRentable square feet (“RSF”) / units/keys
Weighted average % leased(1)
Weighted average lease term (yrs)(2)
Collateral typeCity, StateNumber of PropertiesNumber of Buildings
Rentable square feet (“RSF”) / units/keys(1)
Weighted average % leased(2)
Weighted average lease term (yrs)(3)
Net leased real estateNet leased real estateNet leased real estate
Net lease 1Net lease 1IndustrialVarious - U.S.22 22 6,697,304 RSF96%4.2Net lease 1OfficeStavenger, Norway1 26 1,290,926 RSF100%9.3
Net lease 2Net lease 2OfficeStavenger, Norway1 26 1,290,926 RSF100%9.7Net lease 2IndustrialVarious - U.S.2 2 811,850 RSF100%16.8
Net lease 3Net lease 3IndustrialVarious - U.S.2 2 661,278 RSF100%17.9Net lease 3OfficeAurora, CO1 1 183,529 RSF100%1.2
Net lease 4Net lease 4OfficeAurora, CO1 1 183,529 RSF100%2.2Net lease 4OfficeIndianapolis, IN1 1 338,000 RSF100%9.3
Net lease 5Net lease 5OfficeIndianapolis, IN1 1 338,000 RSF100%5.3Net lease 5RetailVarious - U.S.7 7 319,600 RSF100%2.6
Net lease 6Net lease 6OfficeRockaway, NJ1 1 121,038 RSF100%1.4
Net lease 7Net lease 7RetailKeene, NH1 1 45,471 RSF100%7.3
Net lease 8Net lease 8RetailFort Wayne, IN1 1 50,000 RSF100%2.9
Net lease 9Net lease 9RetailSouth Portland, ME1 1 52,900 RSF100%10.3
Total/Weighted average net leased real estateTotal/Weighted average net leased real estate27 52 9,171,037 RSF98%7.4Total/Weighted average net leased real estate16 41 3,213,314 RSF100%9.2
Other real estateOther real estate
Other real estate 1Other real estate 1OfficeCreve Coeur, MO7 7 847,604 RSF91%3.8
Other real estate 2Other real estate 2OfficeWarrendale, PA5 5 496,414 RSF82%4.1
Other real estate 3Other real estate 3HotelCoraopolis, PA1 1 318 Keysn/a—
Total/Weighted average other real estateTotal/Weighted average other real estate13 13 n/a87%3.9
Total/Weighted average net leased and other real estateTotal/Weighted average net leased and other real estate29 54 
`

(1)Rentable square feet based on carry value at our share as of September 30, 2021.
(2)Represents the percent leased as of September 30, 2020.2021. Weighted average calculation based on carrying value at our share as of September 30, 2020.2021.
(2)(3)Based on in-place leases (defined as occupied and paying leases) as of September 30, 20202021 and assumes that no renewal options are exercised. Weighted average calculation based on carrying value at our share as of September 30, 2020.2021.
Stavenger, Norway Office Net Lease
Collateral typeCity, StateNumber of PropertiesNumber of BuildingsRentable square feet (“RSF”) / units/keysWeighted average % leasedWeighted average lease term (yrs)
Net lease 1OfficeStavenger, Norway1 26 1,290,926 RSF100%9.3
In July 2018, we acquired a class A office campus in Stavenger, Norway (the “Norway Net Lease”) for $320 million. This property is 100% occupied by a single tenant that is rated investment grade AA-/Aa2 from S&P and Moody’s, respectively. The following charts illustrateproperty serves as their global headquarters. The Norway Net Lease requires the concentration of our net leasedtenant to pay for all real estate portfolio included in Core Portfoliorelated expenses, including operational expenditures, capital expenditures and municipality taxes. The Net Lease has a weighted average remaining lease term of 9.3 years and the tenant has the option to extend for two 5-year periods at the same terms with rent adjusted to market rent. The Net Lease also has annual rent increases based on the Norwegian CPI Index. Our tenant has injected a significant amount of capital into improvements of the property typeover the past 10 years. Financing on the Norway Net Lease consists of a mortgage payable of $186.2 million with a fixed rate of 3.9%, which matures in June 2025. The tenant has made all rent payments and geography asis current on all its financial obligations under the lease. Both the lease payments and mortgage debt service are NOK denominated currency. During the second quarter of September 30, 2020 (percentages based on book value2021, we entered into a series of USD-NOK forward swaps for the total notional amount of 274 million NOK in order to minimize our foreign currency cash flow risk. These quarterly forward swaps are over the next three years through May 2024, where we have agreed to sell NOK and buy USD at our share, which represents the proportionate book value based on our ownership by asset):a locked in forward curve rate.

Warehouse Distribution Portfolio Net Lease
Property TypeGeography
clnc-20200930_g7.jpg
clnc-20200930_g8.jpg
COVID-19 Update
For the quarter ended September 30, 2020 and October, we collected 98% of total rents from our net leased real estate portfolio. We believe these properties will continue to perform but caution that COVID-19 events could still result in lease modifications, impairment and the inability to make our mortgage payments, all which could result in defaults under our mortgage obligations or trigger repayments under our Bank Credit Facility.
Collateral typeCity, StateNumber of PropertiesNumber of BuildingsRentable square feet (“RSF”) / units/keysWeighted average % leasedWeighted average lease term (yrs)
Net lease 2IndustrialVarious - U.S.2 2 811,850 RSF100%16.8
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ForIn August 2018 we acquired two warehouse distribution facilities located in Tracy, California and Tolleson, Arizona (the “Warehouse Distribution Portfolio”) for $292 million. These two properties are 100% occupied by a single tenant that is rated investment grade Ba1 from Moody’s. The tenant is a national grocer and these properties form a part of its national distribution network. The Warehouse Distribution Portfolio lease (the “Warehouse Distribution Portfolio Lease”) requires the quartertenant to pay for all real estate related expenses, including operational expenditures, capital expenditures and taxes. The tenant has invested a significant amount of capital expenditures into each property over the past few years and has plans for additional capital expenditures in 2022. The Warehouse Distribution Portfolio Lease has a remaining lease term of 17 years ending in 2038. The tenant has the option to extend the lease for nine 5-year periods at the same terms with rent adjusted to market rent. The Warehouse Distribution Portfolio Lease also has annual rent increases of 1.5%. Financing on the Warehouse Distribution Portfolio consists of mortgage and mezzanine debt for a total combined amount payable of $200 million. The debt is interest only at a blended fixed rate of 4.8% and matures in September 2028. The debt has a defeasance provision for any early loan prepayment. The tenant has made all rent payments and is current on all its financial obligations under the Warehouse Distribution Portfolio Lease.
The Warehouse Distribution Portfolio has generated a net operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold one industrial portfolio2021 of $5.1 million and received total gross proceeds of $466.4 million. Net of repayments to existing mortgages$15.2 million, respectively; and paydowns underthe asset value on our Bank Credit Facility, we generated $90.6 million of availableconsolidated balance sheet cash liquidity.
is $264.8 million as of September 30, 2021. During the second quarter of 2020, we disclosedcompleted an asset level preferred financing on five assets which included the potential saleWarehouse Distribution Portfolio resulting in a reduction of Net Lease 1.Inour at-share ownership in the Warehouse Distribution Portfolio, which is approximately 29% at September 2020, the prospective purchasers failed to timely satisfy the conditions30, 2021. Upon resolution of the purchase5-Investment Preferred Financing we anticipate repurchasing the remaining interest in the investment. Refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section for further discussion regarding the “5-Investment Preferred Financing.”
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

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Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Increase (Decrease)
20212021Amount%
Net interest income
Interest income$47,082 $37,921 $9,161 24.2 %
Interest expense(14,962)(12,993)(1,969)15.2 %
Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts10,806 11,390 (584)(5.1)%
Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(9,508)(10,111)603 (6.0)%
Net interest income33,418 26,207 7,211 27.5 %
Property and other income
Property operating income26,376 24,799 1,577 6.4 %
Other income946 1,110 (164)(14.8)%
Total property and other income27,322 25,909 1,413 5.5 %
Expenses
Management fee expense— 2,338 (2,338)n.m.
Property operating expense7,266 6,758 508 7.5 %
Transaction, investment and servicing expense1,086 644 442 68.6 %
Interest expense on real estate7,968 7,777 191 2.5 %
Depreciation and amortization8,850 9,994 (1,144)(11.4)%
Provision for loan losses769 1,200 (431)(35.9)%
Administrative expense11,812 14,053 (2,241)(15.9)%
Restructuring charges— 150 (150)n.m.
Total expenses37,751 42,914 (5,013)(12.0)%
Other income (loss)
Unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net3,867 19,516 (15,649)(80.2)%
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(3,867)(19,516)15,649 (80.2)%
Other gain, net3,309 836 2,473 n.m.
Income before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes26,298 10,038 16,110 n.m.
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(95,977)(33,788)(62,189)n.m.
Income tax benefit (expense)(2,065)134 (2,199)n.m.
Net loss$(71,744)$(23,616)$(48,128)n.m.


Comparison for Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Net Interest Income
Interest income
Interest income increased by $9.2 million to $47.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to $6.1 million related to Signa by Hilton San Jose emerging from bankruptcy (see “Our Portfolio” section for further details on the “San Jose, California Hotel Loan”), of which $3.7 million relates to past due interest during the non-accrual period of February 2021 through June 2021 and $2.4 million relates to interest income during the third quarter of 2021, as well as approximately $2.6 million related to net new loan originations.
Interest expense
Interest expense increased by $2.0 million to $15.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is primarily due to $2.6 million related to financing on newly originated loans, partially offset by payoffs of financing.
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Net interest income on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
Net interest income on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net increased by $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to receiving more interest income from an underlying tranche.
Property and other income
Property operating income
Property operating income increased by $1.6 million to $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to improved performance of our one hotel property during the third quarter of 2021.
Other income
Other income decreased by $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time reimbursement received in the second quarter on a previously resolved transaction. Other income includes $0.7 million in late fees related to the San Jose Hotel Loan during the three months ended September 30, 2021. See “Our Portfolio” section for further details on the “San Jose, California Hotel Loan.”
Expenses
Management fee expense
Management fee expense decreased by $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease was due to the termination of our Management Agreement with our previous Manager in April 2021.
Property operating expense
Property operating expense increased by $0.5 million to $7.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to increased operating costs of our one hotel property during the third quarter of 2021.
Transaction, investment and servicing expense
Transaction, investment and servicing expense increased by $0.4 million to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to advisory fees.
Interest expense on real estate
Interest expense on real estate increased by $0.2 million to $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to draws on the mortgage loan associated with one hotel property.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $1.1 million to $8.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a hotel property being classified as held for sale agreement. As a result, we exercised our contractual right to terminateduring the transaction, and intend to hold this asset for investment. However, on October 16, 2020, the prospective purchasers filed an action in Delaware Chancery Court seeking an order compelling us to specifically perform and sell the asset under the termsend of the purchasesecond quarter of 2021. The hotel remains held for sale as of September 30, 2021.
Provision for loan losses
Provision for loan losses was $0.8 million and sale agreement. We are seeking$1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in reserves over both periods was primarily due to dismiss this claim; however no assurances can be givennew loan originations.
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Administrative expense
Administrative expense decreased by $2.2 million to $11.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to whether we will be successful.the three months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease was due to higher stock compensation expense of $2.8 million recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2021, which was partially offset by one additional month of compensation and benefits related payments during the three months ended September 30, 2021 following the internalization of management operations as of April 30, 2021.
Restructuring charges
During the first quarterthree months ended June 30, 2021, we unwound our NOK FX Future contractsrecorded $0.2 million in additional professional fees related to Net Lease 2 (Stavenger, Norway). the Internalization.
Other income (loss)
Unrealized gain loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
During the three months ended September 30, 2020,2021, we purchasedrecorded a $3.9 million unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net related to the sale of an underlying loan held within one year put options of NOKits retained investments in the subordinate tranches of a securitization trust. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we record a $19.5 million unrealized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net related to the sale of the retained investments in the subordinate tranches of another securitization trust. Upon both sales, the accumulated unrealized losses relating to the retained investments were reversed and subsequently recorded to realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net.
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a $3.9 million realized loss onmortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net. This was due to the realized loss on a sale of an underlying loan held within one of its retained investments in the subordinate tranches of a securitization trust. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded a $19.5 million realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net. This was due to the realized loss upon sale of the retained investments in the subordinate tranches of another securitization trust.
Other gain, net
Other gain, net increased by $2.5 million for the notional amountthree months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in unrealized gains of $92$3.7 million andon undesignated hedges partially offset by net realized losses of $1.6 million on maturing undesignated hedges.
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures increased by $62.2 million to a costloss of $1.9 million.
Refer$96.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to “COVID-19 Impactthe three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to recording our proportionate share of a $97.9 million fair value loss adjustment on Liquidity” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” belowour Los Angeles, California Mixed-Use Project. See “Our Portfolio” section for further discussion regardingdetails.
Income tax expense
Income tax expense increased by $2.2 million to an expense of $2.1 million for the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
88three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was due to return to provision adjustment related to private equity investments.

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Results of Operations - Core Portfolio
The following table summarizes our Core Portfolioportfolio results of operations for the threenine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Increase (Decrease)Nine Months Ended September 30,Increase (Decrease)
20202019Amount%20212020Amount%
Net interest incomeNet interest incomeNet interest income
Interest incomeInterest income$36,391 $43,071 $(6,680)(15.5)%Interest income$119,377 $122,003 $(2,626)(2.2)%
Interest expenseInterest expense(13,088)(21,323)8,235 (38.6)%Interest expense(40,450)(50,915)10,465 (20.6)%
Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trustsInterest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts20,462 22,586 (2,124)(9.4)%Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts41,885 61,556 (19,671)(32.0)%
Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trustsInterest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(18,204)(20,299)2,095 (10.3)%Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(36,955)(54,627)17,672 (32.4)%
Net interest incomeNet interest income25,561 24,035 1,526 6.3 %Net interest income83,857 78,017 5,840 7.5 %
Property and other incomeProperty and other incomeProperty and other income
Property operating incomeProperty operating income21,119 28,315 (7,196)(25.4)%Property operating income76,897 137,913 (61,016)(44.2)%
Other income (loss)64 779 (715)(91.8)%
Other incomeOther income2,101 1,079 1,022 94.7 %
Total property and other incomeTotal property and other income21,183 29,094 (7,911)(27.2)%Total property and other income78,998 138,992 (59,994)(43.2)%
ExpensesExpenses Expenses 
Management fee expenseManagement fee expense6,445 9,084 (2,639)(29.1)%Management fee expense9,596 22,235 (12,639)(56.8)%
Property operating expenseProperty operating expense2,480 8,340 (5,860)(70.3)%Property operating expense22,135 54,119 (31,984)(59.1)%
Transaction, investment and servicing expenseTransaction, investment and servicing expense1,403 863 540 62.6 %Transaction, investment and servicing expense4,018 7,668 (3,650)(47.6)%
Interest expense on real estateInterest expense on real estate8,067 8,695 (628)(7.2)%Interest expense on real estate24,378 37,101 (12,723)(34.3)%
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization10,946 11,673 (727)(6.2)%Depreciation and amortization28,383 46,766 (18,383)(39.3)%
Provision for loan lossesProvision for loan losses11,229 — 11,229 n.m.Provision for loan losses5,194 80,285 (75,091)(93.5)%
Impairment of operating real estateImpairment of operating real estate— 23,911 (23,911)n.m.Impairment of operating real estate— 33,512 (33,512)n.m.
Administrative expenseAdministrative expense4,538 4,171 367 8.8 %Administrative expense38,460 19,569 18,891 96.5 %
Restructuring chargesRestructuring charges109,321 — 109,321 n.m.
Total expensesTotal expenses45,108 66,737 (21,629)(32.4)%Total expenses241,485 301,255 (59,770)(19.8)%
Other income (loss)Other income (loss)Other income (loss)
Unrealized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(13,162)(1,976)(11,186)n.m.
Realized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— 2,724 (2,724)n.m.
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netUnrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net32,021 (41,589)73,610 n.m.
Realized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, netRealized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(23,383)— (23,383)n.m.
Other gain (loss), netOther gain (loss), net9,896 (2,682)12,578 n.m.Other gain (loss), net12,512 (130,115)142,627 n.m.
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(1,630)(15,542)13,912 (89.5)%
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures(1,652)2,736 (4,388)(160.4)%
Loss before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxesLoss before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(57,480)(255,950)198,470 (77.5)%
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated venturesEquity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(132,243)(69,889)(62,354)89.2 %
Income tax benefit (expense)Income tax benefit (expense)1,949 (201)2,150 n.mIncome tax benefit (expense)(130)11,544 (11,674)n.m.
Net income (loss)$(1,333)$(13,007)$11,674 n.m.
Net lossNet loss$(189,853)$(314,295)$124,442 (39.6)%

Comparison of Core Portfolio for ThreeNine Months Ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2020
Net Interest Income
Interest income
Interest income decreased by $6.7$2.6 million to $36.4$119.4 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021 as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The decrease was primarily due to $7.0 million in repayment of loan investments and $4.3$27.4 million related to the sales and placement of the remaining CRE securities on cost recovery status during the second quarter of 2020. Thisloan payoffs, which was offset by a $4.8$25.0 million increase from originations, acquisitions and refinancings of loans in 2019 and 2020related to loan originations.
Interest expense
Interest expense decreased by $8.2$10.5 million to $13.1$40.5 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021 as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The decrease was primarily due to a $10.5$14.7 million reduction from the collapserelated to paydowns of a securitization trustfinancing on our Bank Credit Facility and repayment of loan investmentsMaster Repurchase Facilities and $1.3$3.1 million from lower financing rates and sales ofdue to fully paying down our CMBS securities in 2020.Credit Facilities. This was partially offset by a $4.1$5.6 million increase from originations, acquisitionsrelating to financings on new loans and refinancings of loans in 2019 and 2020.$2.6 million relating to the BRSP 2021-FL1 securitization.
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Net interest income on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
Net interest income on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net decreased by a de minimis amount$19.7 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019,2020. The decrease was primarily due to the sale and deconsolidationof the retained interest of a retained investment in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust induring the thirdsecond quarter of 2019.2021.
Property and other income
Property operating income
Property operating income decreased by $7.2$61.0 million to $21.1$76.9 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The decrease was primarily due to a $7.2 million reduction in operating income due to the sale of a hotel in the fourth quarter of 2019real estate properties sold throughout 2020 and an industrial building in third quarter in 2020.2021.
Other income
Other income decreased byof $0.72.1 million was recorded for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 20192021. This was primarily due to lower income earneda one-time reimbursement received on cash held in corporate cash accounts.a previously resolved transaction.
Expenses
Management fee expense
Management fee expense decreased by $2.6$12.6 million to $6.4 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease is due to the reduction in stockholders’ equity (as defined intermination of the Management Agreement) as of September 30, 2020 compared to September 30, 2019. The reductionAgreement in stockholders’ equity is primarily due to a fourth quarter 2019 amendment to our definition of core earnings in the Management Agreement.April 2021.
Property operating expense
Property operating expense decreased by $5.9$32.0 million to $2.5$22.1 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The decrease resulted from the sale of a hotel during the fourth quarter of 2019.was primarily due to real estate properties sold throughout 2020 and 2021.
Transaction, investment and servicing expense
Transaction, investment and servicing expense increaseddecreased by $0.5$3.7 million to $1.4$4.0 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $0.3higher legal costs of $2.4 million increaseassociated with exploring strategic options of the Company in legal costs for asset-specific activity and a $0.2 million increase in franchise taxes.the first quarter of 2020.
Interest expense on real estate
Interest expense on real estate decreased by $0.6$12.7 million to $8.1$24.4 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019 driven by a2020. The decrease was primarily due to real estate properties sold throughout 2020 and the sale of an industrial building in third quarter.portfolio during the first quarter of 2021.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $0.7$18.4 million to $10.9$28.4 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019. This2020. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.2 million decrease resulting from the sale of an industrial building during the third quarter of 2020 offset by an increase due to asset additions inreal estate properties sold throughout 2020 and a catch up in depreciation booked in the third quarter 2020 for an asset moved from held for sale to held for investment.2021.
Provision for loan losses
Provision for loan losses increaseddecreased by $11.2$75.1 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to thewe recorded $68.3 million of specific reserves on three months ended September 30, 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the increase was a result of recording incremental CECL reserves in the third quarter of 2020.loans, which have since been resolved.
Impairment of operating real estate
Impairment of operating real estate decreased by $23.9was $33.5 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to2020. The impairment resulted from a reduction in the three months ended September 30, 2019. Duringestimated holding period of certain properties sold during the three months ended September 30, 2019, the impairment wasperiod.
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attributable to an industrial real estate portfolio of properties, resulting from a reduction in the estimated holding period of the portfolio.
Administrative expense
Administrative expense increased by $0.4$18.9 million to $4.5$38.5 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, as compared to the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. This increase was primarily due to $9.8 million of compensation and benefits following the internalization of management operations on April 30, 2021 and higher professional fees.stock compensation expense of $9.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Restructuring charges
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded $109.3 million in restructuring costs related to the termination of our Management Agreement with our previous Manager. This consisted of a one-time cash payment of $102.3 million to our previous Manager paid on April 30, 2021 and $7.0 million in additional restructuring costs consisting primarily of fees paid for legal and investment banking advisory services.
Other income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
During the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, we recorded a $13.2$32.0 million unrealized loss on mortgage loans and obligations which primarily represents the change in fair value of the assets and liabilities of the securitization trusts consolidated as a result of our investment in the subordinate tranches of these securitization trusts.
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net,
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitizations trusts, net decreased by $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to the sale and deconsolidation of athe retained investmentinvestments in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust in the third quarter of 2019.
Other gain (loss), net
Other gain (loss), net increased by $12.6 million to other gain for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $7.5 million realized gain ontrust. Upon the sale of an industrial portfolio and $5.2 million realized gain on the sale of five CRE securities.
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures decreased by $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to $7.5 million decrease in operating performance of one of the Company’s hospitality assets held in a joint venture, $7.3 million relating to two equity method investments being placed on nonaccrual status in 2020 and asset sales of $3.5 million, partially offset by $17.6 million of impairment recorded in the third quarter 2019 on an equity participation interest in a joint venture.
Income tax benefit (expense)
Income tax benefit (expense) decreased by $2.2 million to an income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $1.8 million decrease in the deferred income tax liabilities on one of our equity method investments.

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Results of Operations - Core Portfolio
The following table summarizes our Core Portfolio results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,Increase (Decrease)
20202019Amount%
Net interest income
Interest income$120,188 $113,246 $6,942 6.1 %
Interest expense(48,950)(58,013)9,063 (15.6)%
Interest income on mortgage loans held in securitization trusts61,556 99,718 (38,162)(38.3)%
Interest expense on mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts(54,627)(91,690)37,063 (40.4)%
Net interest income78,167 63,261 14,906 23.6 %
Property and other income
Property operating income65,831 87,882 (22,051)(25.1)%
Other income821 1,347 (526)(39.0)%
Total property and other income66,652 89,229 (22,577)(25.3)%
Expenses
Management fee expense19,446 27,256 (7,810)(28.7)%
Property operating expense9,438 25,187 (15,749)(62.5)%
Transaction, investment and servicing expense5,057 1,236 3,821 n.m
Interest expense on real estate24,613 26,078 (1,465)(5.6)%
Depreciation and amortization31,396 37,645 (6,249)(16.6)%
Provision for loan losses42,642 — 42,642 n.m
Impairment of operating real estate— 23,911 (23,911)n.m
Administrative expense13,083 11,977 1,106 9.2 %
Total expenses145,675 153,290 (7,615)n.m
Other income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net(41,589)4,602 (46,191)n.m
Realized gain on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net— 2,772 (2,772)n.m
Other loss, net(137,178)(12,524)(124,654)n.m
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(179,623)(5,950)(173,673)n.m
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures(72,906)39,020 (111,926)n.m
Income tax benefit (expense)(316)1,428 (1,744)n.m
Net income (loss)$(252,845)$34,498 $(287,343)n.m
Comparison of Core Portfolio for Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Net Interest Income
Interest income
Interest income increased by $6.9 million to $120.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $46.4 million increase from originations, acquisitions and refinancings of loans in 2019 and 2020. This was partially offset by a decrease of $30.7 million related to the repayment of loan investments and a decrease of $8.8 million related to sales and placement of the remaining CRE securities on cost recovery status during the second quarter of 2020.
Interest expense
Interest expense decreased by $9.1 million to $49.0 million for2021, the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as comparedaccumulated unrealized losses relating to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily dueretained investments were reversed and subsequently recorded to a $22.5 million reduction from the collapse of a securitization trust and repayment of loan investments and a $1.9 million decrease from sales of CRE securities in 2020. This was partially offset by a $15.3 million increase from originations, acquisitions and refinancings of loans in 2019 and 2020.
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Net interest incomerealized loss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
Net interest income on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net decreased by $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the sale and deconsolidation of a retained investment in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust in the third quarter of 2019.
Property and other income
Property operating income
Property operating income decreased by $22.1 million to $65.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $20.2 million reduction in operating income due to the sale of a hotel in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Other income
Other income decreased by $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily as a result of lower income earned on cash held in corporate cash accounts.
Expenses
Management fee expense
Management fee expense decreased by $7.8 million to $19.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease is due to the reduction in stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) as of September 30, 2020 compared to September 30, 2019. The reduction in stockholders’ equity is primarily due to a fourth quarter 2019 amendment to our definition of core earnings in the Management Agreement.
Property operating expense
Property operating expense decreased by $15.7 million to $9.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease resulted from the sale of a hotel during the fourth quarter of 2019.
Transaction, investment and servicing expense
Transaction, investment and servicing expense increased by $3.8 million to $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $1.6 million decrease in franchise tax refunds received, a $1.4 million increase in legal costs incurred associated with exploring the internalization of the management of the Company and other value-enhancing opportunities, and a $0.6 million increase in asset-specific legal costs.
Interest expense on real estate
Interest expense on real estate decreased by $1.5 million to $24.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to the sale of an industrial building in third quarter 2020.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $6.2 million to $31.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to a $1.8 million decrease resulting from the sale of a hotel during the fourth quarter of 2019 and a $4.3 million decrease resulting from the sale of an industrial building in the third quarter of 2020.
Provision for loan losses
Provision for loan losses increased by $42.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to the recording of CECL reserves in accordance with ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.
Impairment of operating real estate
Impairment of operating real estate decreased by $23.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the impairment was attributable to an industrial real estate portfolio of properties, resulting from a reduction in the estimated holding period of the portfolio.
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Administrative expense
Administrative expense increased by $1.1 million to $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to $0.6 million of higher corporate expenses allocated to our Core Portfolio following the sales and repayments in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio and higher professional fees of $0.5 million.
Other income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
net. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an unrealized loss of $41.6 million on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net which represents the change in fair value of the assets and liabilities of the securitization trusts consolidatedconsolidation as a result of our investment in the subordinate tranches of thesethe securitization trusts.
Realized gainloss on mortgage loans and obligations held in securitization trusts, net
Realized gainDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a $23.4 million realized loss onmortgage loans and obligations held in securitizationssecuritization trusts, net, decreased by $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019primarily due to the realized loss upon sale and deconsolidation of athe retained investmentinvestments in the subordinate tranches of one securitization trust in the thirdsecond quarter of 2019.2021.
Other gain (loss), net
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded other gain, net of $12.5 million primarily due to a realized gain of $11.8 million on the sale of an industrial portfolio in the first quarter of 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded other loss, net of $137.2$130.1 million which primarily representsdue to a $93.0 million realized net loss on the sale of 32 CRE securities and the realization of the fair value marks on our remaining CRE securities portfolio in addition to a $38.0 million provision for loan loss recorded on one hospitality loan.
Equity in earnings (losses)(loss) of unconsolidated ventures
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures decreased by $111.9was $132.2 million to a loss of $72.9and $69.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to2021 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This2020, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 the $132.2 million loss was comprised of our proportionate share of a $97.9 million fair value loss adjustment on our Los Angeles, California Mixed-Use Project and our proportionate share of a $35.5 million fair value loss adjustment to reflect the expected proceeds from the Co-Investment portfolio sale. See "Our Portfolio" section for further details. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 the $69.9 million loss was primarily due to the Company recording $98.4 million incomprised of fair value losses relating to two equity method investments that have been placed on nonaccrual status and $7.6 million related to the sale and repayment of equity method investments.status.
Income tax benefit (expense)
Income tax benefit (expense) decreased by $1.7$11.7 million to an income tax expense of $0.3$0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, as compared to an income tax benefit of $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019,2020. The decrease in income tax benefit was primarily due to an $11.8 million one-time prior year benefit from a $2.5 million reduction in the deferred income tax benefitcapital loss carryback on one of our net lease portfolios acquired in 2018, partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease to income tax provision on a hotel acquired through the legal foreclosure process in the third quarter of 2018, and subsequently sold in December 2019.
Our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio
As of September 30, 2020, our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio consisted of 38 investments representing approximately $513.0 million in book value (excluding cash, cash equivalents and certain other assets). Our loan portfolio consisted of one senior mortgage loan, one mezzanine loan and one preferredprivate equity investment, all of which are on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2020. Our owned real estate portfolio (including net leased and other real estate) consisted of approximately 3.7 million total square feet of space and the total third quarter NOI of that portfolio was approximately $7.3 million (based on leases in place as of September 30, 2020).
As of September 30, 2020, our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio consisted of the following investments (dollars in thousands):
Count(1)
Book value
(Consolidated)
Book value
(at CLNC share)(2)
Net book value (Consolidated)(3)
Net book value (at CLNC share)(4)
Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio
Senior mortgage loans(5)
1 $10,997 $10,997 $10,997 $10,997 
Mezzanine loans(5)
1 56,757 18,190 56,757 18,190 
Preferred equity(5)
1 684 219 684 219 
Net leased real estate6 58,789 58,789 4,006 4,006 
Other real estate25 378,727 341,269 73,201 67,402 
Private equity interests4 7,093 7,093 7,093 7,093 
Total/Weighted average Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio38 $513,047 $436,557 $152,738 $107,907 
investments.
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(1)Count for net leased and other real estate represents number of investments.
(2)Book value at our share represents the proportionate book value based on ownership by asset as of September 30, 2020.
(3)Net book value represents book value less any associated financing as of September 30, 2020.
(4)Net book value at our share represents the proportionate book value based on asset ownership less any associated financing based on ownership as of September 30, 2020.
(5)Senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, and preferred equity include investments in joint ventures whose underlying interest is in a loan or preferred equity.
Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio: Senior and Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity
Our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio includes senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans and preferred equity interests.
The following table provides a summary of senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity included in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Weighted Average(1)
Count
Book value (at CLNC share)(2)
Principal balance (2)
Cash coupon(3)
Unlevered all-in yield(3)
Remaining Term(4)
Extended Remaining Term(5)
Senior loans1$10,997 $19,784 — — 0.1 0.2 
Mezzanine loans118,190 18,349 — — 0.7 0.7 
Preferred equity1219 — — — — — 
Total/Weighted average senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity - Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio3$29,406 $38,133 — — 0.5 0.6 

(1)Weighted average metrics weighted by book value at our share, except for cash coupon which is weighted by principal balance at our share.
(2)Book value and principal balance at our share represents the proportionate value based on ownership by asset as of September 30, 2020.
(3)All three senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments are on nonaccrual status.
(4)Represents the remaining term based on the current contractual maturity date of loans.
(5)Represents the remaining term based on a maximum maturity date assuming all extension options on loans are exercised by the borrower.
The following table details senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity included in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio by fixed or floating rate as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Weighted Average(1)
Number of loans
Book value (at CLNC share)(2)
Principal balance(2)
Spread to LIBOR(3)
All-in unlevered yield(3)
Remaining term(4)
Extended remaining term(5)
Fixed rate loans(6)
3 $29,406 $38,133 — — 0.50.6
Total/ Weighted average3 $29,406 $38,133 — — 0.50.6

(1)Weighted average metrics weighted by book value at our share, except for spread to LIBOR, which is weighted by principal balance value at our share. Book and principal balances at share exclude a de minimis amount of noncontrolling interest. See the table located above in “Our Portfolio” for further information.
(2)Book value and principal balance at our share represents the proportionate value based on ownership by asset as of September 30, 2020.
(3)All three senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments are on nonaccrual status.
(4)Represents the remaining term in years based on the original maturity date or current extension maturity date of loans.
(5)Represents the remaining term in years based on a maximum maturity date assuming all extension options on loans are exercised by the borrower.
(6)Includes one preferred equity investment.
The following table details the types of properties securing senior and mezzanine loans and preferred equity included in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolioand geographic distribution as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Collateral property typeBook value% of total
Other(1)
$29,406 100.0 %
Total$29,406 100.0 %
RegionBook value% of total
West$29,406 100.0 %
Total$29,406 100.0 %

(1)Other includes commercial and residential development and predevelopment assets.
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In March 2018, the borrower on our four NY hospitality loans in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio failed to make all required interest payments and the loans were placed on nonaccrual status. These four loans are secured by the same collateral. During 2018, we recorded $53.8 million of provision for loan losses to reflect the estimated value to be recovered from the borrower following a sale. During 2019, we recorded an additional provision for loan loss of $154.3 million based on significant deterioration in the NY hospitality market, feedback from the sales process and the estimated value to be recovered from the borrower following a potential sale. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 the significant detrimental impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. hospitality industry further contributed to the deterioration of our four NY hospitality loans and as such we recorded an additional provision for loan losses of $36.8 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 we completed a discounted payoff of the NY hospitality loans and related investment interests.
Within our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio, we held certain other loans secured by regional malls that were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as follows:
•We placed one loan secured by a regional mall (“Midwest Regional Mall”) on nonaccrual status during 2019 as collectability of the principal was uncertain; as such, interest collected is recognized using the cost recovery method by applying interest collected as a reduction to loan carrying value. We recorded $10.6 million of impairment related to Midwest Regional Mall and transferred the loan to held for sale during 2019. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 the Midwest Regional Mall was sold. We received $8.3 million in gross proceeds and recognized a gain of $3.7 million.
•During 2018, we recorded $8.8 million of provision for loan losses on one loan secured by a regional mall (“Northeast Regional Mall B”) to reflect the estimated fair value of the collateral. During 2019, we recognized additional provision for loan losses of $10.5 million on Northeast Regional Mall B. The additional provisions were based on then-current and prospective leasing activity to reflect the estimated fair value of the collateral. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Northeast Regional Mall was sold. We received $9.2 million in gross proceeds and recognized a gain of $1.8 million.
•Also, during 2019, we separately recognized provision for loan losses of $18.5 million on two loans secured by one regional mall (“West Regional Mall”) to reflect the estimated fair value of the collateral. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the West Regional Mall loan was sold. We received $23.5 million in gross proceeds and recognized a gain of $6.5 million.
•Furthermore, during 2019, we recognized a $26.7 million provision for loan losses on three loans to two separate borrowers (“South Regional Mall A” and “South Regional Mall B”) to reflect the estimated fair value of the collateral. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we accepted a discounted payoff of South Regional Mall A. We received $22.0 million in gross proceeds and recognized a loss of $1.6 million. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 South Regional Mall B was sold. We received $13.5 million in gross proceeds and recognized a gain of $8.7 million.
Impairment of Loans and Preferred Equity Held in Joint Ventures
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized our proportionate share of a fair value loss adjustment totaling $14.7 million on one senior loan secured by a regional mall (“Southeast Regional Mall”) of which we owned 50.0% of the joint venture. Southeast Regional Mall was included in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio prior to its sale during the quarter ended June 30, 2020. We received $13.4 million in gross sales proceeds and recognized a gain of $1.6 million.
COVID-19 Update
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold 13 loans generating gross proceeds of $144.8 million. Our four remaining loans are on nonaccrual. We have reviewed the three remaining loans in our Legacy, Non-Strategic portfolio and believe that it is too early to predict and quantify the full impact of principal loss. However, further losses or permanent impairment in future quarters are possible.
Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio: Owned Real Estate
Our owned real estate includes direct ownership in commercial real estate with an emphasis on properties with stable cash flow, which may be structurally senior to a third-party partner’s equity. In addition, we own operating real estate investments through joint ventures with one or more partners. These properties are typically well-located with strong operating partners.
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As of September 30, 2020, $400.1 million, or 91.6%, of our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio was invested in owned real estate and was 81.1% occupied. The following table provides a summary of net leased and other real estate included in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Count
Carrying Value(1)
NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2020(2)
Net leased real estate6 $58,789 $1,794 
Other real estate25 341,269 5,507 
Total/Weighted average owned real estate - Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio31 $400,058 $7,301 

(1)Represents carrying values at our share as of September 30, 2020; includes real estate tangible assets, deferred leasing costs and other intangible assets less intangible liabilities.
(2)Excludes a de minimis NOI loss that relates to properties that have been sold. Please refer to “Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures” for further information on NOI.
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The following table provides asset-level details of our net leased and other real estate included in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio as of September 30, 2020:
Collateral typeCity, StateNumber of propertiesNumber of buildingsRSF / units/keys
Weighted average % leased(1)
Weighted average lease term (yrs)(2)
Net leased real estate
Net lease 1RetailVarious - U.S.7 7 319,600 RSF100%3.7
Net lease 2OfficeColumbus, OH1 1 199,122 RSF52%6.3
Net lease 3OfficeRockaway, NJ1 1 121,038 RSF100%2.3
Net lease 4RetailKeene, NH1 1 45,471 RSF100%8.3
Net lease 5RetailFort Wayne, IN1 1 50,000 RSF100%3.9
Net lease 6RetailSouth Portland, ME1 1 52,900 RSF100%3.0
Total/Weighted average net leased real estate12 12 788,131 RSF86%4.5
Other real estate
Other real estate 1OfficeCreve Coeur, MO7 7 847,604 RSF94%4.0
Other real estate 2OfficeWarrendale, PA5 5 496,414 RSF82%4.8
Other real estate 3MultifamilyNew Orleans, LA1 1 375 Units87%—
Other real estate 4HotelCoraopolis, PA1 1 318 Keysn/a—
Other real estate 5MultifamilyKalamazoo, MI1 24 698 Units91%—
Other real estate 6MultifamilyCayce, SC1 1 557 Units41%—
Other real estate 7MultifamilyCentral, SC1 10 469 Units96%—
Other real estate 8OfficeOmaha, NE1 1 404,865 RSF65%1.1
Other real estate 9OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 129,717 RSF88%2.0
Other real estate 10OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 86,321 RSF85%0.9
Other real estate 11OfficeBath, ME1 1 37,623 RSF100%5.2
Other real estate 12RetailAnchorage, AK1 1 343,995 RSF65%1.0
Other real estate 13OfficeWinston Salem, NC1 1 140,132 RSF42%1.8
Other real estate 14OfficeGreensboro, NC1 2 58,978 RSF22%0.5
Other real estate 15MultifamilyEvansville, WY1 1 191 Units38%—
Other real estate 16OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 48,042 RSF29%0.3
Other real estate 17OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 47,690 RSF58%0.6
Other real estate 18OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 47,211 RSF34%0.5
Other real estate 19OfficeGreensboro, NC1 4 42,123 RSF40%0.6
Other real estate 20OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 35,224 RSF41%0.3
Other real estate 21OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 34,903 RSF55%0.6
Other real estate 22OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 34,060 RSF40%0.1
Other real estate 23OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 32,905 RSF100%5.4
Other real estate 24OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 26,563 RSF53%0.1
Other real estate 25OfficeGreensboro, NC1 1 23,145 RSF63%0.8
Total/Weighted average other real estate35 71 n/a78%2.4
Total/Weighted average owned real estate - Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio47 83 

(1)Represents the percent leased as of September 30, 2020. Weighted average calculation based on carrying value at our share as of September 30, 2020.
(2)Based on in-place leases (defined as occupied and paying leases) as of September 30, 2020 and assumes that no renewal options are exercised. Weighted average calculation based on carrying value at our share as of September 30, 2020.
COVID-19 Update
For the quarter ended September 30, 2020 and through November 5, 2020, we collected 86.5% of total rents across our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio.
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We reviewed our Legacy, Non-Strategic owned real estate portfolio and our asset management team is in active discussions with all lessees. See table below (dollars in thousands):
July through October 2020 Rent Collection
BilledCollected% Collected
Office$15,707 $13,668 87.0 %
Student Housing2,666 2,433 91.3 %
Multifamily2,360 2,086 88.4 %
Retail2,400 1,829 76.2 %
Hotel— — n/a
$23,133 $20,016 86.5 %
We met all our mortgage obligations securing the properties within our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio. We caution that known and unknown COVID-19 events could result in lease modifications, impairment and the inability to make our mortgage payments, all which could result in default under our mortgage obligations.
We continue to pursue and execute sales of owned real estate in our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio. As a result, we recorded impairment on held for sale operating real estate properties of $3.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 resulting from bids received and updated brokers’ opinions of value (BOVs).
Since October 1, 2019, we have completed the following sales (dollars in thousands):
No. of Properties soldGross ProceedsNet ProceedsNet gain/(loss)
Three months ended December 31, 20196 $96,980 $95,425 $10,036 
Three months ended March 31, 20206 172,579 80,133 (3,551)
Three months ended June 30, 20201 1,025 903 (83)
Three months ended September 30, 20205 143,412 62,189 10,489 
October 1 - November 6, 202014 29,353 27,308 2,023 
Total32 $443,349 $265,958 $18,914 
Refer to “COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” respectively, below for further discussion regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
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Results of Operations - Legacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioBook Value Per Share
The following table summarizescalculates our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollarsGAAP book value per share ($ in thousands)thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30,Increase (Decrease)
20202019Amount%
Net interest income
Interest income$— $3,920 $(3,920)(100.0)%
Interest expense(338)(1,843)1,505 (81.7)%
Net interest income(338)2,077 (2,415)(116.3)%
Property and other income
Property operating income20,559 35,177 (14,618)(41.6)%
Other income(34)41 (75)n.m.
Total property and other income20,525 35,218 (14,693)(41.7)%
Expenses 
Management fee expense638 2,271 (1,633)(71.9)%
Property operating expense12,797 21,416 (8,619)(40.2)%
Transaction, investment and servicing expense224 570 (346)(60.7)%
Interest expense on real estate4,138 5,586 (1,448)(25.9)%
Depreciation and amortization3,824 14,261 (10,437)(73.2)%
Provision for loan losses(825)110,314 (111,139)n.m.
Impairment of operating real estate3,451 248,811 (245,360)n.m.
Administrative expense1,242 3,561 (2,319)(65.1)%
Total expenses25,489 406,790 (381,301)(93.7)%
Other income (loss)
Other loss, net(216)(6)(210)n.m.
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(5,518)(369,501)363,983 n.m.
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures(127)(18,641)18,514 (99.3)%
Income tax benefit (expense)13,408 (845)14,253 (1,686.7)%
Net income (loss)$7,763 $(388,987)$396,750 n.m.

Comparison of Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio for Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Net Interest Income
Interest income
Interest income decreased by $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to the sale and repayment of loan investments.
Interest expense
Interest expense decreased by $1.5 million to $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to a lower allocation of interest expense on our Bank Credit Facility to the Legacy Non-Strategic Portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and $0.6 million of lower interest expense as a result of sales of loans during 2019 and 2020.
Property and other income
Property operating income
Property operating income decreased by $14.6 million to $20.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The lower income was primarily due to a $9.5 million decrease
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related to 17 real estate properties sold within the past twelve months and a $3.2 million decrease in hotel revenues due to COVID-19.
Other Income
Other income decreased from the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 by a de minimis amount.
Expenses
Management fee expense
Management fee expense decreased by $1.6 million to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease is due to the reduction in stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) as of September 30, 2020 compared to September 30, 2019. The reduction in stockholders’ equity is primarily due to a fourth quarter 2019 amendment to our definition of core earnings in the Management Agreement.
Property operating expense
Property operating expense decreased by $8.6 million to $12.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The lower expense was primarily due to a $5.1 million decrease related to 17 real estate properties sold within the past twelve months and a $2.1 million decrease in hotel operating expenses related to the impact of COVID-19.
Transaction, investment and servicing expense
Transaction, investment and servicing expense decreased by $0.3 million to $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of costs associated with the sale of investments during 2019.
Interest expense on real estate
Interest expense on real estate decreased by $1.4 million to $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease resulted from 17 real estate properties sold within the past twelve months.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $10.4 million to $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to a $3.5 million decrease related to 24 real estate properties classified as held for sale in 2019 and 2020, a $3.6 million decrease due to the 17 properties sold within the past twelve months, and $3.8 million due to lower carrying values associated with impairments recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
Provision for loan losses
Provision for loan losses decreased by $111.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This provision recorded in the third quarter of 2019 was a result of a provision recorded on four NY hospitality loans and seven loans collateralized by retail properties.
Impairment of operating real estate
Impairment of operating real estate held for sale of $3.5 million was recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as a result of feedback received during the sales process. Impairment of operating real estate held for sale of $248.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 resulted from a reduction in the estimated holding period for certain properties.
Administrative expense
Administrative expense decreased by $2.3 million to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to a lower allocation of indirect costs which are reimbursable to our Manager.
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Other income
Other gain (loss), net
Other gain (loss), net increased by $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to net realized losses on sales of three operating real estate properties.
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures decreased by $18.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to the Company recording $16.2 million in impairments on three equity method investments in the third quarter of 2019.
Income tax benefit (expense)
Income tax benefit (expense) decreased to an income tax benefit of $13.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to the Company finalizing its 2019 federal tax return and determining it would be able to carryback certain tax capital losses to prior years resulting in a refund of $12.9 million.
The following table summarizes our Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,Increase (Decrease)
20202019Amount%
Net interest income
Interest income$1,815 $14,227 $(12,412)(87.2)%
Interest expense(1,965)(5,492)3,527 (64.2)%
Net interest income(150)8,735 (8,885)(101.7)%
Property and other income
Property operating income72,082 103,511 (31,429)(30.4)%
Other income258 84 174 207.1 %
Total property and other income72,340 103,595 (31,255)(30.2)%
Expenses
Management fee expense2,789 6,814 (4,025)(59.1)%
Property operating expense44,681 60,889 (16,208)(26.6)%
Transaction, investment and servicing expense2,611 1,777 834 46.9 %
Interest expense on real estate12,488 15,708 (3,220)(20.5)%
Depreciation and amortization15,370 45,208 (29,838)(66.0)%
Provision for loan losses37,643 220,572 (182,929)(82.9)%
Impairment of operating real estate33,512 258,935 (225,423)(87.1)%
Administrative expense6,486 10,418 (3,932)(37.7)%
Total expenses155,580 620,321 (464,741)(75)%
Other income (loss)
Other gain (loss), net7,063 (1,305)8,368 (641.2)%
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures and income taxes(76,327)(509,296)432,969 (85.0)%
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures3,017 (21,058)24,075 (114.3)%
Income tax benefit (expense)11,860 (1,972)13,832 (701.4)%
Net income (loss)$(61,450)$(532,326)$470,876 (88.5)%
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Comparison of Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio for Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Net Interest Income
Interest income
Interest income decreased by $12.4 million to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to $11.1 million related to the sale and repayment of loan investments and $1.3 million related to one foreclosed loan investment.
Interest expense
Interest expense decreased by $3.5 million to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to a lower allocation of interest expense on our Bank Credit Facility to the Legacy Non-Strategic Portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Property and other income
Property operating income
Property operating income decreased by $31.4 million to $72.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The lower income was primarily due to a $17.9 million decrease related to 17 real estate properties sold within the past twelve months and a $8.5 million decrease in hotel revenues due to COVID-19.
Other income
Other income increased by $0.2 million to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This is primarily due to a tax refund received during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Expenses
Management fee expense
Management fee expense decreased by $4.0 million to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease is due to the reduction in stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) as of September 30, 2020 compared to September 30, 2019. The reduction in stockholders’ equity is primarily due to a fourth quarter 2019 amendment to our definition of core earnings in the Management Agreement.
Property operating expense
Property operating expense decreased by $16.2 million to $44.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The lower expense was primarily due to a $11.3 million decrease related to 17 real estate properties sold within the past twelve months and a $5.1 million decrease in hotel operating expenses related to COVID-19.
Transaction, investment and servicing expense
Transaction, investment and servicing expense increased by $0.8 million to $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as a result of costs associated with the sale of investments.
Interest expense on real estate
Interest expense on real estate decreased by $3.2 million to $12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease resulted from real estate properties sold within the past twelve months.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $29.8 million to $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to a $8.7 million decrease related to 24 real estate properties classified as held for sale in 2019 and 2020, a $5.2 million decrease due to properties sold within the
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past twelve months, and $4.5 million due to lower carrying values associated with impairments recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
Provision for loan losses
Provision for loan losses of $37.6 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which is primarily attributable to the Company recording an additional provision of $36.8 million for our four NY hospitality loans due to the detrimental impact of COVID-19 on the hospitality industry.
Impairment of operating real estate
Impairment of operating real estate held for sale of $33.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily resulting from feedback received during the sales process.
Administrative expense
Administrative expense decreased by $3.9 million to $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to lower stock compensation expense allocated to the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio and a lower allocation of indirect costs which are reimbursable to our Manager.
Other income
Other gain (loss), net
Other loss, net decreased by $8.4 million to other gain for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to $9.9 million of gains from asset sales during 2020.
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated ventures decreased by $24.1 million to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to the Company recording $25.0 million in impairments on three equity method investments in 2019.
Income tax benefit (expense)
Income tax benefit (expense) decreased by $13.8 million to an income tax benefit of $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This was primarily due to the Company finalizing its 2019 federal tax return and determining it would be able to carryback certain tax capital losses to prior years resulting in a refund of $12.9 million.
September 30, 2021June 30, 2021
Stockholders’ Equity excluding noncontrolling interests in investment entities$1,466,050 $1,560,311 
Shares
     Class A common stock129,759 129,759 
     OP units3,076 3,076 
Total outstanding132,835 132,835 
GAAP book value per share$11.04 $11.75 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization per share$0.96 $0.91 
Undepreciated book value per share$12.00 $12.66 
Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures
Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings
We present Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings, which is a non-GAAP supplemental financial measure of our performance. Our Core Earnings are generated by the Core Portfolio and Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings are generated by the Legacy, Non-Strategic Portfolio. We believe that Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings provides meaningful information to consider in addition to our net income and cash flow from operating activities determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.GAAP, and this metric is a useful indicator for investors in evaluating and comparing our operating performance to our peers and our ability to pay dividends. We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018. As a REIT, we are required to distribute substantially all of our taxable income and we believe that dividends are one of the principal reasons investors invest in credit or commercial mortgage REITs such as our company. Over time, Distributable Earnings has been a useful indicator of our dividends per share and we consider that measure in determining the dividend, if any, to be paid. This supplemental financial measure also helps us to evaluate our performance excluding the effects of certain transactions and U.S. GAAP adjustments that we believe are not necessarily indicative of our current portfolio and operations. For information on the fees we pay ourpaid the Manager, see Note 10, “Related Party Arrangements” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q. In addition, we believe that our investors also use Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings or a comparable supplemental performance measure to evaluate and compare the performance of us and our peers, and as such, we believe that the disclosure of Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings is useful to our investors.
We define Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings as U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to our common stockholders (or, without duplication, the owners of the common equity of our direct subsidiaries, such as our OP) and excluding (i) non-cash equity compensation expense, (ii) the expenses incurred in connection with our formation or other strategic transactions, (iii) the incentive fee, (iv) acquisition costs from successful acquisitions, (v) gains or losses from sales of real estate property and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate, including unconsolidated joint ventures and preferred equity investments, (vi) CECL reserves determined by probability of default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”) model, (vii) depreciation and amortization, (viii) any unrealized gains or losses or other similar non-cash items that are included in net income for the current quarter, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income, (ix) one-time events pursuant to changes in U.S. GAAP and (x) certain material non-cash income or expense items that
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in the judgment of management should not be included in Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings. For clauses (ix) and (x), such exclusions shall only be applied after discussions between our Manager and our independent directors and after approval by a majority of our independent directors. U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to our common stockholders and Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings include provision for loan losses.losses when realized. Loan losses are realized when such amounts are deemed nonrecoverable at the time the loan is repaid, or if the underlying asset is sold following foreclosure, or if we determine that it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected; realized loan losses to be included in Distributable Earnings is the difference between the cash received, or expected to be received, and the book value of the asset.
Prior to the third quarter of 2019, CoreAdditionally, we define Adjusted Distributable Earnings reflectedas Distributable Earnings excluding (i) realized gains and losses on asset sales, (ii) fair value adjustments to U.S. GAAP net income to exclude impairment of real estate and provision for loan losses. During the third quarter of 2019, we revised our definition of Core Earnings to include theor unrealized gains or losses, (iii) realized provision for loan losses while excluding realizedand (iv) one-time gains or losses that in the judgement of management should not be included in Adjusted Distributable Earnings. We believe Adjusted Distributable Earnings is a useful indicator for investors to further evaluate and compare our operating performance to our peers and our ability to pay dividends, net of the impact of any gains or losses on assets sales of real estate propertyor fair value adjustments, as described above.
Distributable Earnings and impairment write-downs of preferred equity investments. This was approved by a majority of our independent directors.
Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicAdjusted Distributable Earnings doesdo not represent net income or cash generated from operating activities and should not be considered as an alternative to U.S. GAAP net income or an indication of our cash flows from operating activities determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, a measure of our liquidity, or an indication of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.needs. In addition, our methodology for calculating Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings and Adjusted Distributable Earnings may differ from methodologies employed by other companies to calculate the same or similar non-GAAP supplemental
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financial measures, and accordingly, our reported CoreDistributable Earnings and Adjusted Distributable Earnings may not be comparable to the CoreDistributable Earnings and Adjusted Distributable Earnings reported by other companies.
The following tables presenttable presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to our common stockholders to Core Earnings/Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings and Adjusted Distributable Earnings attributable to our common stockholders and noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership (dollars and share amounts in thousands, except per share data) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:2021:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
TotalLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioCore Portfolio
Net loss attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$5,007 $7,717 $(2,710)
Adjustments:
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership201 185 16 
Non-cash equity compensation expense1,376 330 1,046 
Transaction costs420 101 319 
Depreciation and amortization15,100 3,854 11,246 
Net unrealized loss (gain) on investments:
Impairment of operating real estate and preferred equity3,452 3,452 — 
Other unrealized gain13,643 (7)13,650 
CECL reserves8,892 — 8,892 
Losses on sales of real estate and preferred equity(8,158)183 (8,341)
Adjustments related to noncontrolling interests(186)(186)— 
Core Earnings (Loss) / Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings (Loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders and noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership$39,747 $15,629 $24,118 
Core Earnings (Loss) / Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings (Loss) per share(1)
$0.30 $0.12 $0.18 
Weighted average number of common shares and OP units(1)
131,659 131,659 131,659 

Three Months Ended 
 September 30, 2021		Nine Months Ended 
 September 30, 2021
Net loss attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders$(70,057)$(182,091)
Adjustments:
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership(1,626)(4,016)
Non-cash equity compensation expense2,673 12,378 
Transaction costs— 109,321 
Depreciation and amortization8,859 28,418 
Net unrealized loss (gain):
Other unrealized gain on investments(8,797)(40,479)
CECL reserves768 5,194 
Gains on sales of real estate and preferred equity— (9,782)
Adjustments related to noncontrolling interests(190)(557)
Distributable Earnings (Loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders and noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership$(68,370)$(81,614)
Adjustments:
     Fair value adjustments$97,856 133,200 
     Realized loss on hedges1,621 1,621 
     Realized loss on CRE debt securities and B-pieces3,868 26,801 
Adjusted Distributable Earnings attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders and noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership$34,975 $80,008 
Distributable Earnings (Loss) per share(1)
$(0.51)$(0.61)
Adjusted Distributable Earnings per share(1)
$0.26 $0.60 
Weighted average number of common shares and OP units(1)
132,835 132,795 
________________________________________
(1)We calculate Core Earnings (Loss) / Legacy, Non-StrategicDistributable Earnings (Loss) per share, aand Adjusted Distributable Earnings per share, non-GAAP financial measure,measures, based on a weighted-average number of common shares and OP units (held by members other than us or our subsidiaries). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, weighted average number of common shares includes 3.1 million OP units.


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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
TotalLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioCore Portfolio
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$(300,824)$(52,784)$(248,040)
Adjustments:
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership(7,109)(1,237)(5,872)
Non-cash equity compensation expense3,267 1,181 2,086 
Transaction costs2,990 1,077 1,913 
Depreciation and amortization45,996 14,302 31,694 
Net unrealized loss (gain) on investments:
Impairment of operating real estate and preferred equity33,512 33,512 — 
Other Unrealized loss30,206 27 30,179 
CECL reserves16,967 (153)17,120 
Losses on sales of real estate and preferred equity4,910 3,168 1,742 
Adjustments related to noncontrolling interests(9,202)(8,891)(311)
Core Earnings (Loss) Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings (Loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders and noncontrolling interest of the Operating Partnership$(179,287)$(9,798)$(169,489)
Core Earnings (Loss) / Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings (Loss) per share(1)
$(1.36)$(0.07)$(1.29)
Weighted average number of common shares and OP units(1)
131,659 131,659 131,659 

(1)We calculate Core Earnings (Loss) / Legacy, Non-Strategic Earnings (Loss) per share, a non-GAAP financial measure, based on a weighted-average number of common shares and OP units (held by members other than us or our subsidiaries). For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, weighted average number of common shares includes 3.1 million OP units.

NOI
We believe NOI to be a useful measure of operating performance of our net leased and other real estate portfolios as they are more closely linked to the direct results of operations at the property level. NOI excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, which are based on different useful life estimates depending on the age of the properties, as well as adjustsadjustments for the effects of real estate impairment and gains or losses on sales of depreciated properties, which eliminate differences arising from investment and disposition decisions. Additionally, by excluding corporate level expenses or benefits such as interest expense, any gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt and income taxes, which are incurred by the parent entity and are not directly linked to the operating performance of the Company’s properties, NOI provides a measure of operating performance independent of the Company’s capital structure and indebtedness. However, the exclusion of these items as well as others, such as capital expenditures and leasing costs, which are necessary to maintain the operating performance of the Company’s properties, and transaction costs and administrative costs, may limit the usefulness of NOI. NOI may fail to capture significant trends in these components of U.S. GAAP net income (loss) which further limits its usefulness.
NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as an indicator of operating performance. In addition, our methodology for calculating NOI involves subjective judgment and discretion and may differ from the methodologies used by other companies, when calculating the same or similar supplemental financial measures and may not be comparable with other companies.
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The following tables present a reconciliation of net income (loss) on our net leased and other real estate portfolios attributable to our common stockholders to NOI attributable to our common stockholders (dollars in thousands) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:2021:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended 
 September 30, 2021		Nine Months Ended 
 September 30, 2021
TotalLegacy, Non-Strategic PortfolioCore Portfolio
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$3,358 $(4,180)$7,538 
Net income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders(1)
$2,613 $13,157 
Adjustments:Adjustments:—  Adjustments:
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in investment entities1,262 (39)1,301 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities55 (54)
Amortization of above- and below-market lease intangiblesAmortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles156 — 156  Amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles(34)(59)
Interest income Interest income— 18 
Interest expense on real estateInterest expense on real estate12,198 4,137 8,061  Interest expense on real estate7,968 24,378 
Other loss257 257 — 
Other income Other income1 3 
Transaction, investment and servicing expenseTransaction, investment and servicing expense437 73 364  Transaction, investment and servicing expense(87)(36)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization14,770 3,824 10,946  Depreciation and amortization8,697 28,185 
Impairment of operating real estate3,452 3,452 — 
Administrative expenseAdministrative expense69 41 28  Administrative expense121 213 
Other (gain) loss on investments, net(9,348)215 (9,563)
Income tax benefit(34)— (34)
Other gain on investments, net Other gain on investments, net(275)(11,008)
Income tax benefit / expense Income tax benefit / expense7 (104)
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interest in investment entitiesNOI attributable to noncontrolling interest in investment entities(4,654)(506)(4,148)NOI attributable to noncontrolling interest in investment entities(3,946)(11,862)
Total NOI attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$21,923 $7,274 $14,649 
Total NOI, at shareTotal NOI, at share$15,120 $42,831 


(1)

Net income (loss) attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc. common stockholders excludes $72.7 million and $195.2 million of net loss attributable to non-net leased and other real estate investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The total net loss attributable to BrightSpire Capital, Inc.’s common stockholders was $70.1 million and $182.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
TotalLegacy Non-Strategic PortfolioCore Portfolio
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$(17,759)$(30,793)$13,034 
Adjustments: 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in investment entities(5,887)(7,348)1,461 
Amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles(409)(270)(139)
Interest expense on real estate37,084 12,488 24,596 
Other income(466)(7)(459)
Transaction, investment and servicing expense781 270 511 
Depreciation and amortization46,766 15,370 31,396 
Impairment of operating real estate33,512 33,512 — 
Administrative expense132 13 119 
Other (gain) loss on investments, net(14,126)3,878 (18,004)
Income tax benefit(330)— (330)
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interest in investment entities(14,301)(1,794)(12,507)
Total NOI attributable to Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. common stockholders$64,997 $25,319 $39,678 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our primary liquidity needs include commitments to repay borrowings, finance our assets and operations, meet future funding obligations, make distributions to our stockholders and fund other general business needs. We use significant cash to make additional investments, meet commitments to existing investments, repay the principal of and interest on our borrowings and pay other financing costs, make distributions to our stockholders and fund our operations, which includes making payments to our Manager in accordance with the management agreement.
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operations.
Our primary sources of liquidity include cash on hand, cash generated from our operating activities and cash generated from asset sales and investment maturities. However, subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT and our Investment Company Act exclusion, we may use several sources to finance our business, including bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), master repurchase facilities and securitizations, as described below. In addition to our current sources of liquidity, there may be opportunities from time to time to access liquidity through public offerings of debt and equity securities. We also invested in a number of our assets through co-investments with other investment vehicles managed by affiliates of our Manager and/or other third parties, which has and may allow us to pool capital to access larger transactions and diversify investment exposure.
Financing Strategy
We have a multi-pronged financing strategy that includes an up to $450$300 million as of September 30, 2021, secured revolving credit facility, up to approximately $2.3$2.1 billion in secured revolving repurchase facilities, $1,510 million in non-recourse securitization financing, $700 million in commercial mortgages and $65 million in other asset-level financing structures. In addition, we may use other forms of financing, including additional warehouse facilities, public and private secured and unsecured debt issuances and equity or equity-related securities issuances by us or our subsidiaries. We may also finance a portion of our investments through the syndication of one or more interests in a whole loan or securitization.loan. We will seek to match the nature and duration of the financing with the underlying asset’s cash flow, including using hedges, as appropriate.
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Debt-to-Equity Ratio
The following table presents our debt-to-equity ratio:
September 30, 20202021December 31, 20192020
Debt-to-equity ratio(1)
1.0x1.8x1.4x1.0x

(1)Represents (i) total outstanding secured debt less cash and cash equivalents of $462.0$208.7 million and $474.8 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively to (ii) total equity, in each case, at period end.
Potential Sources of Liquidity
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on our business, and we have taken actions since its onset to protect our liquidity. However, the pandemic’s impact on the financial condition of our borrowers and their ability to make their monthly mortgage payments and remain in compliance with loan covenants and terms is uncertain, and the failure of our borrowers to meet their loan obligations may trigger repayments under our Bank Credit Facility and Master Repurchase Facilities.
Additionally, if our operating real estate lessees are unable to make monthly rent payments, we would be unable to make our monthly mortgage payments which could result in defaults under these obligations or trigger repayments under our Bank Credit Facility. If these events were to occur, we may not have sufficient available cash to repay amounts due.
Bank Credit Facilities
We use bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities) to finance our business. These financings may be collateralized or non-collateralized and may involve one or more lenders. Credit facilities typically have maturities ranging from two to five years and may accrue interest at either fixed or floating rates.
On February 1, 2018, the OP (together with certain subsidiaries of the OP from time to time party thereto as borrowers, collectively, the “Borrowers”) entered into a credit agreement (the “Bank Credit Facility”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to provide a revolving credit facilityfacility.
On April 5, 2021, we entered into a fourth amendment to the Bank Credit Facility to: (i) permit the OP to consummate the Internalization; (ii) reduce the minimum tangible net worth covenant requirement from $1.5 billion to $1.35 billion upon consummation of the Internalization; (iii) increase our ability to make restricted payments including additional dividends and stock buybacks and the removal all material restrictions on new investments, in each case, so long as no default exists and the aggregate principalOP is in compliance with the financial covenants; (iv) increase the maximum amount available for borrowing from 90% to 100% of up to $400.0 million. On December 17, 2018,borrowing base value; and (v) reduce the aggregate amount of revolvinglender commitments was increasedfrom $450 million to $525.0 million and on February 4, 2019, the aggregate amount of revolving commitments was increased to $560.0 million. On May 6, 2020 these commitments were reduced to $450.0$300 million.
Advances under the Bank Credit Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the applicable Borrower’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin of 2.25%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin of 1.25%. An unused commitment fee at a rate of 0.25% or 0.35%, per annum, depending on the amount of facility utilization, applies to un-utilized borrowing capacity under the Bank Credit Facility. Amounts owing under the Bank Credit Facility may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage costs in the case of borrowings with respect to which a LIBOR rate election is in effect.
The maximum amount available for borrowing at any time under the Bank Credit Facility is limited to a borrowing base valuation of certain investment assets, with the valuation of such investment assets generally determined according to a percentage of adjusted net book value. As of the date hereof, the borrowing base valuation is sufficient to support the outstanding borrowings. The Bank Credit Facility will mature on February 1, 2022, unless the OP elects to exercise the extension options for up to two additional terms of six months each, subject to the terms and conditions in the Bank Credit Facility, resulting in a latest maturity date of February 1, 2023.
The obligations of the Borrowers under the Bank Credit Facility are guaranteed by substantially all material wholly owned subsidiaries of the OP pursuant to a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement with the OP and certain subsidiaries of the OP in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”) and, subject to certain exceptions, secured by a pledge of substantially all equity interests owned by the Borrowers and the guarantors, as well as by a
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security interest in deposit accounts of the Borrowers and the Guarantors (as such terms are defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) in which the proceeds of investment asset distributions are maintained.
The Bank Credit Facility contains various affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, the obligation of the Company to maintain REIT status and be listed on the NYSE, and limitations on debt, liens and restricted payments. In
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addition, the Bank Credit Facility includes the following financial covenants applicable to the OP and its consolidated subsidiaries: (a) consolidated tangible net worth of the OP must be greater than or equal to the sum of (i) $1.5$1.35 billion and (ii) 75% of the proceeds received by the OP from any offering of its common equity and of the proceeds from any offering by the Company of its common equity to the extent such proceeds are contributed to the OP, excluding any such proceeds that are contributed to the OP within ninety (90) days of receipt and applied to acquire capital stock of the OP; (b) the OP’s earnings before interest, income tax, depreciation, and amortization plus lease expenses to fixed charges for any period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters must be not less than 1.50 to 1.00; (c) the OP’s interest coverage ratio must be not less than 3.00 to 1.00; and (d) the OP’s ratio of consolidated total debt to consolidated total assets must be not more than 0.70 to 1.00. The Bank Credit Facility also includes customary events of default, including, among other things, failure to make payments when due, breach of covenants or representations, cross default to material indebtedness or material judgment defaults, bankruptcy matters involving any Borrower or any Guarantor and certain change of control events. Further, we may not make distributions in excess of amounts required to maintain REIT status and may not repurchase shares, among other provisions. The occurrence of an event of default will limit the ability of the OP and its subsidiaries to make distributions and may result in the termination of the credit facility, acceleration of repayment obligations and the exercise of remedies by the Lenders with respect to the collateral.
Refer to “COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity” below for further discussion regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
Master Repurchase Facilities and CMBS Credit Facilities
Currently, our primary source of financing is our Master Repurchase Facilities, which we use to finance the origination of senior loans, and CMBS Credit Facilities, which we use to finance the purchase of securities. Repurchase agreements effectively allow us to borrow against loans, participations and securities that we own in an amount generally equal to (i) the market value of such loans, participations and/or securities multiplied by (ii) the applicable advance rate. Under these agreements, we sell our loans, participations and securities to a counterparty and agree to repurchase the same loans and securities from the counterparty at a price equal to the original sales price plus an interest factor. During the term of a repurchase agreement, we receive the principal and interest on the related loans, participations and securities and pay interest to the lender under the master repurchase agreement. We intend to maintain formal relationships with multiple counterparties to obtain master repurchase financing on favorable terms.
ReferDuring the first quarter of 2021, we entered into an amendment under our Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 3 and Bank 7 to “COVID-19 Impactextend the maturity date by two years and three years, respectively.
During the second quarter of 2021, we entered into an amendment under our Master Repurchase Facility with Bank 1, Bank 8 and Bank 9 to extend the maturity date by three years, two years and two and a half years, respectively.
Additionally, during the second quarter of 2021, we entered into amendments under our six Master Repurchase Facilities to: (i) permit the guarantor to consummate the Internalization; and (ii) reduce the minimum tangible net worth covenant requirement from $1.5 billion to $1.35 billion upon consummation of the Internalization.
As of September 30, 2021 we had entered into eight master repurchase agreements (collectively the “CMBS Credit Facilities”) to finance CMBS investments. The CMBS Credit Facilities are on Liquidity” below regardinga recourse basis and contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for further discussion regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.agreements of this type. The CMBS Credit Facilities were undrawn as of September 30, 2021.
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The following table presents a summary of our Master Repurchase CMBS and Bank Credit Facilities as of September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
Maximum Facility SizeCurrent BorrowingsWeighted Average Final Maturity (Years)Weighted Average Interest Rate
Master Repurchase Facilities
Bank 1$400,000 $103,622 2.6 LIBOR + 1.91%
Bank 2200,000 21,353 2.0 LIBOR + 2.50%
Bank 3600,000 202,952 1.6 LIBOR + 2.14%
Bank 7500,000 124,704 1.6 LIBOR + 2.01%
Bank 8250,000 130,769 0.7 LIBOR + 1.98%
Bank 9300,000 — 3.1 
Total Master Repurchase Facilities2,250,000 583,400 
CMBS Credit Facilities
Bank 1(2)
— — — — 
Bank 625,232 25,232 (1)4.25 %
Bank 3(2)
— — — — 
Bank 4(2)
— — — — 
Bank 5(2)
— — — — 
Total CMBS Credit Facilities25,232 25,232 
Bank Credit Facility450,000 — 2.8  LIBOR + 2.25%
Total Facilities$2,725,232 $608,632 

(1)The maturity dates on CMBS Credit Facilities are dependent upon asset type and is currently three months.
Maximum Facility SizeCurrent BorrowingsWeighted Average Final Maturity (Years)Weighted Average Interest Rate
Master Repurchase Facilities
Bank 1$400,000 $94,350 4.5 LIBOR + 1.94%
Bank 221,353 — 1.0 
Bank 3600,000 97,312 1.5 LIBOR + 1.97%
Bank 7500,000 163,991 3.5 LIBOR + 1.86%
Bank 8250,000 148,464 1.7 LIBOR + 1.95%
Bank 9300,000 54,345 4.6 LIBOR + 2.00%
Total Master Repurchase Facilities2,071,353 558,462 
Bank Credit Facility300,000 — 1.3  LIBOR + 2.25%
Total Facilities$2,371,353 $558,462 
(2)Amounts can be drawnSubsequent to September 30, 2021 we repaid approximately $23.3 million under the Bank 1, Bank 3, Bank 4, and Bank 5 CMBS Credit Facilities, but we are not utilizing them.our master repurchase facilities.
Securitizations
We may seek to utilize non-recourse long-term securitizations of our investments in mortgage loans, especially loan originations, to the extent consistent with the maintenance of our REIT qualification and exclusion from the Investment Company Act in order to generate cash for funding new investments. This would involve conveying a pool of assets to a special purpose vehicle (or the issuing entity), which would issue one or more classes of non-recourse notes pursuant to the terms of an indenture. The notes would be secured by the pool of assets. In exchange for the transfer of assets to the issuing entity, we would receive the cash proceeds on the sale of non-recourse notes and a 100% interest in the equity of the issuing entity. The securitization of our portfolio investments might magnify our exposure to losses on those portfolio investments because any equity interest we retain in the issuing entity would be subordinate to the notes issued to investors and we would, therefore, absorb all of the losses sustained with respect to a securitized pool of assets before the owners of the notes experience any losses.
In October 2019, we executed a securitization transaction through our subsidiaries, CLNC 2019-FL1, Ltd. and CLNC 2019-FL1, LLC, which resulted in the sale of $840$840.4 million of investment grade notes. The securitization reflects an advance rate of 83.5% at a weighted average cost of funds of LIBORSOFR plus 1.59%, (before transaction expenses) and is collateralized by a pool of 2124 senior loans,loan investments.
On March 5, 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority of the U.K. (the “FCA”) announced that LIBOR tenors relevant to CLNC 2019-FL1 would cease to be published or no longer be representative after June 30, 2023. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (the “ARRC”) interpreted this announcement to constitute a benchmark transition event. As of June 17, 2021, the benchmark index interest rate was converted from LIBOR to SOFR, plus a benchmark adjustment of 11.448 basis points with a lookback period equal to the number of calendar days in the applicable Interest Accrual Period plus two SOFR business days, conforming with the indenture agreement and recommendations from the ARRC. Compounded SOFR for any interest accrual period shall be the “30-Day Average SOFR” as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on each benchmark determination date.
As of September 30, 2021, the CLNC 2019-FL1 mortgage assets are indexed to LIBOR and the borrowings under CLNC 2019-FL are indexed to SOFR, creating an underlying benchmark index rate basis difference between CLNC 2019-FL1 assets and liabilities, which we originated.is meant to be mitigated by the benchmark replacement adjustment described above. We have the right to transition the CLNC 2019-FL1 mortgage assets to SOFR, eliminating the basis difference between CLNC 2019-FL1 assets and liabilities, and will make its determination taking into account the loan portfolio as a whole. The transition to SOFR is not expected to have a material impact to CLNC 2019-FL1’s assets and liabilities and related interest expense.
CLNC 2019-FL1 includes a two-year reinvestment feature that allows us to contribute existing or newly originated loan investments in exchange for proceeds from repayments or repurchases of loans held in CLNC 2019-FL1, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. In addition to existing eligible loans available for reinvestment, the continued origination of securitization eligible loans is required to ensure that we reinvest the available proceeds within CLNC 2019-FL1. During the three months ended September 30, 20202021 and through November 5, 2020, we repaid2, 2021, two loans held in CLNC 2019-FL1 were fully repaid, totaling $78$121.7 million. Additionally, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 a loan
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investment held in CLNC 2019-FL1 was removed as a result of the loan becoming a credit risk collateral interest, totaling 25.0 million. We replaced the repaid loansand credit risk assets by contributing existing loan investments of equal value. The reinvestment period for CLNC 2019-FL1 expired on October 19, 2021. Going forward, principal proceeds from underlying loans will be used to amortize the securitization bonds payable going forward.
Additionally, CLNC 2019-FL1 contains note protection tests that can be triggered as a result of contributed loan defaults, losses, and certain other events outlined in the indenture, beyond established thresholds. A note protection test failure that is not remedied can result in the redirection of interest proceeds from the below investment grade tranches to amortize the most senior outstanding tranche. While we continue to closely monitor all loan investments contributed to CLNC 2019-FL1, a deterioration in the performance of an underlying loan could negatively impact our liquidity position.
ReferIn July 2021, we executed a securitization transaction through our subsidiaries BRSP 2021-FL1 Ltd. and BRSP 2021-FL1, LLC, which resulted in the sale of $670 million of investment grade notes. The securitization reflects an advance rate of 83.75% at a weighted costs of funds of LIBOR plus 1.49% (before transaction expenses) and is collateralized by a pool of 33 senior loan investments.
BRSP 2021-FL1 includes a two-year reinvestment feature that allows us to “COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity” below regardingcontribute existing or newly originated loan investments in exchange for further discussion regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
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Other potential sources of financing
In the future, we may also use other sources of financing to fund the acquisition of our target assets, including secured and unsecured forms of borrowing and selective wind-down and dispositions of assets. We may also seek to raise equity capital or issue debt securitiesloans held in order to fund our future investments.
Refer to “COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity” below for discussion on the 5-Investment Preferred Financing we obtained during the quarter ended September 30, 2020.
COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity
The most notable impact relatesBRSP 2021-FL1, subject to the financial conditionsatisfaction of our borrowers and their abilitycertain conditions set forth in the indenture. In addition to make their monthly mortgage payments and remain in compliance with loan covenants and terms. Failureexisting eligible loans available for reinvestment, the continued origination of our borrowerssecuritization eligible loans is required to meet their loan obligations may trigger repayments to our Bank Credit Facility and Master Repurchase Facilities.
Secondly, if our operating real estate lessees are unable to make monthly rent payments,ensure that we would be unable to make our monthly mortgage payments which could result in defaults under these obligations or trigger repayments under our Bank Credit Facility. If these events were to occur, we may not have sufficientreinvest the available cash to repay amounts due.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, concurrent with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we drew $226.5 million on our Bank Credit Facility and ended such quarter with $340.0 million outstanding and $29.0 million of availability and reported $255 million cash on hand as of May 7, 2020.proceeds within BRSP 2021-FL1. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we paid-down our Bank Credit Facility in full.
As of November 5, 2020, we have approximately $438 million cash on hand and $171.0 million of availability under our bank facility.
During the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and through November 5, 2020, we have accomplished2, 2021, two loans held in BRSP 2021-FL1 were fully repaid, totaling $126.2 million. We replaced the following:repaid loans by contributing existing loan investments of equal value.
Bank Credit Facility
Given the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to the underlying value of our investments, and related uncertainty in our ability to meet certain financial covenants, during the second quarter we amended our Bank Credit Facility to: (i) reduce the minimum tangible net worth covenant requirement from $2.1 billion to $1.5 billion, providing portfolio management flexibilitiesAdditionally, BRSP 2021-FL1 contains note protection tests that can be triggered as a result of any disruptions in investments caused by COVID-19 orcontributed loan defaults, losses, and certain other factors; (ii) reduce the facility size from $560.0 million to $450.0 million; (iii) limit dividends in line with taxable income and restrict stock repurchases, each for liquidity preservation purpose; and (iv) focus new investments on senior mortgages.
Master Repurchase Facilities
We amended the minimum tangible net worth covenant under all six of our Master Repurchase Facilities consistent with the Bank Credit Facility. During the first quarter of 2020, we received and timely paid a margin call on a hospitality loan and made voluntarily paydowns on two other hospitality and one retail loan. The lender granted us a holiday from future margin calls for four months, and we obtained broader discretion to enter in to permitted modifications with the borrowers on these three specific loans, if necessary.
In May, we entered into agreements to modify two of our master repurchase facilities pursuant to which we reduced facility advances corresponding to ten senior mortgage loans financed under such facilities.We and our lender counterparties agreed to temporary modifications providing for margin holidays from future margin calls or buffers before further margin calls are possible, as well as providing additional protections before certain repurchase obligations may be triggered. We were also provided broader discretion to negotiate with our borrowers to implement certain modifications to the underlying loans during such period. These holiday periods are scheduled to expireevents outlined in the fourth quarterindenture, beyond established thresholds. A note protection test failure that is not remedied can result in the redirection of 2020. Additionally, duringinterest proceeds from the third quarter of 2020, we made voluntarily paydowns on a hospitality loan and a self-storage loan. In exchange forbelow investment grade tranches to amortize the paydown on the self-storage loan, the lender granted us a holiday from future margin calls for four months, and we obtained broader approval to enter into a permitted modification with the borrower.
As a result, these margin holiday periods cover $307 million, or 56%, of themost senior outstanding $549 million of senior loan master repurchase facility indebtedness as of the date hereof.
While wetranche. We will continue to engageclosely monitor all loan investments contributed to BRSP 2021-FL1, a deterioration in discussions with our Master Repurchase Facility lenders, it is uncertain whether we will reach any future agreement due to the limited and temporary holiday and permitted modification periods described above, and the continuing impactperformance of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, we may receive additional margin calls, experience additional pressures or events of default under our financing agreements that willan underlying loan could negatively impact our liquidity position.
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Subsequent to September 30, 2020, we exercised a one-year extension option on the Bank 2 facility, extending the maturity to October 2021. We additionally reduced the capacity from $200.0 million to $21.4 million.
CMBS Credit Facilities
During the first quarter, we received and paid margin calls on our CMBS Credit Facilities of $48.9 million. During the second quarter, we consolidated our CMBS Credit Facilities borrowings with one existing counterparty bank. In connection with the consolidation, we paid down the CMBS Credit Facilities borrowing advance rate to a blended borrowing advance rate of 62% and extended the repurchase date on all such borrowings first to June 30, 2020 and then to December 31, 2020. This $73.9 million paydown allowed for a 15% additional loss on a bond specific basis before further margin calls. As of November 5, 2020, we had $18.6 million outstanding under our CMBS Credit Facilities. The financing bears a fixed interest rate of 4.25%.
5-Investment Preferred Financing
On June 5, 2020, we acceptedentered into a preferred financing of up to $229 millionarrangement (on a portfolio of five of our underlying investment interests) (the “5-Investment Preferred Financing”) from investment vehicles managed by Goldman Sachs (“GS”). The preferred financing includedprovided $200 million of proceeds at closing. The unsecured financing provides GS a 10% preferred return and a minority interest in future cash flows following certain minimum returns on the preferred financing investment.
The portfoliopreferred financing is limited to (i) our interests in four co-investments alongside investment funds managed by affiliates of our manager,the Manager, each of which are financings on underlying development projects (including residential, office and/or mixed-use components), and (ii) a wholly-owned triple-net industrial distribution center investment leased to a national grocery chain. The preferred financing provides GS a 10% preferred return and certain other minimum returns, as well as a minority interest in future cash flows.
The transaction resulted in net liquidity to us of approximately $170 million, net of approximately $30 million in paydowns under the Company’s Bank Credit Facility. The preferred financing provides the ability to draw down up to an additional $29 million of commitments from GS for future advances to the portfolio, if any, at our same advance rate.
The following table presents a summary of the five assets included in the portfolio financing as of September 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands):
City, StateCollateral
Asset Type / #(1)
GSBRSPTotal
Dublin, IrelandMixed UseLoan 75$87,485 $8,153 $95,638 
Various, USIndustrialNet Leased 251,872 21,317 73,189 
Rolling Hills, CASingle Family DevelopmentLoan 83 and 8923,797 2,218 26,015 
Dublin, IrelandOfficeLoans 81 and 8754,601 5,088 59,689 
San Rafael, CAMixed UseLoan 841,855 173 2,028 
Total Net Assets$219,610 $36,949 $256,559 

(1)For further details on each asset included in the portfolio financing please refer to “Our Portfolio” in the section titled “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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We and our affiliates control the continuing investment and portfolio management of such investments and such investments are consolidated on our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2020.2021. The preferred financing provides for a disproportionate allocation of profits and losses and the share of income or loss is determined using a balance sheet approach known as the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. Under the HLBV method, earnings and losses are recognized based on how an entity would allocate and distribute its cash if it were to sell all of its assets and settle its liabilities for their carrying amounts and liquidate at the reporting date. Under the HLBV method, we could record, in any period, more or less income than may be generated in the case of an actual liquidation. The preferred financing resulted in a reallocation of a portion of stockholders equity to noncontrolling interest, resulting in a $69 million day one reduction in stockholders equity. The noncontrolling interest in investment entities on our consolidated balance sheet includes $270$219.6 million representing GS’s investment at September 30, 20202021 under the HLBV method.
The transaction resulted in us receiving net liquidity of approximately $170 million, net of approximately $30 million in paydowns under the Company’s corporate credit facility, and the ability to draw down up to $29 million additional commitments from GS for future fundings to the portfolio, if any, at our same advance rate. Asfollowing table presents a summary of the date hereof, we have neither drew-down additional funds from nor completed any cash distributions to GS.
We also continue to assessmembers’ capital needs in our owned real estate portfolio (both Core and Legacy, Non-Strategic) where we expect to limit any investment of additional capital.
Investment Sales
Duringfor the nine monthsperiod ended September 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
GSBRSPTotal
Beginning Balance - January 1, 2021$259,524 $71,085 $330,609 
Contributions(1)
3,888 3,518 7,406 
Distributions(2)
(39,940)— (39,940)
Profit / (Loss) allocation(3)
(3,862)(37,654)(41,516)
Ending Balance - September 30, 2021$219,610 $36,949 $256,559 

(1)Future advances on Loan 81 and through November 5, 2020,Loan 87.
(2)Distributions from Net Lease 2 totaled $6.1 million, Loan 83 and Loan 89 totaled $30.3 million and Loan 84 totaled $3.5 million.
(3)Losses during the period were driven by the $35.5 million fair value adjustment, of which $32.0 million was allocated to BRSP and $3.5 million was allocated to GS, substantially all related to our Dublin, Ireland mixed use loan 75.
We anticipate using the proceeds from the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale to pay-off the 5-Investment Preferred Financing. See “Our Portfolio” above for further information on the Co-Invest Portfolio Sale.
Other potential sources of financing
In the future, we soldmay also use other sources of financing to fund the acquisition of our target assets, including secured and unsecured forms of borrowing and selective wind-down and dispositions of assets. We may also seek to raise equity capital or received a discounted pay-off for 13 loans, sold 14 owned real estate assets and sold 34 CREissue debt securities generating net proceeds of $301.6 million and $196.7 million fromin order to fund our Core and Legacy, Non-Strategic segments, respectively.
We currently classify 23 owned real estate properties as held for sale with a total net carrying value of $181.7 million at September 30, 2020. While we have agreements to sell or are proceeding with active marketing, the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic may result in us being unable to sell or complete the sale of these properties in the near to medium-term. Further, any completed sales may result in an investment loss.
Additionally, we continue to evaluate asset sales from our Core Portfolio. While these sales are expected to generate liquidity, completion of these sales is uncertain and may result in lower than expected proceeds or an investment loss.
Dividend
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extraordinary volatility and unprecedented market conditions, including actual and unanticipated consequences to us and certain of our investments, which may continue. Having paid monthly dividend payments with respect to our common stock through March 31, 2020, we and the Board of Directors determined it was prudent and in our best interests to conserve available liquidity and suspend our monthly dividend beginning with the monthly period ended April
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30, 2020. We and the Board of Directors continue to monitor our taxable income to ensure that we meet the minimum distribution requirements to maintain our status as a REIT for our taxable year ending December 31, 2020.
Additionally, with the steps we have taken to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our liquidity and financial condition, and our focus shifting toward new investments, rebuilding earnings and further growth initiatives, we expect to commence quarterly cash dividends in 2021.
Earnings
While we have generated liquidity and reduced our financing exposures, the Core Portfolio assets sold to date along with those under contract, will result in a material impact on future earnings.
The decisive steps taken to protect the balance sheet and generate liquidity, position us to address further market and investment deterioration related to COVID-19. While asset and liability management and liquidity remain a priority, our focus has started to shift toward new investments, building earnings and further growth initiatives. New deployment of capital will depend upon market pricing, opportunity and certainty of performance, each of which will be impacted by uncertainties relating to the impact of COVID-19.investments.
Cash Flows
The following presents a summary of our consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash flow provided by (used in):Cash flow provided by (used in):20202019ChangeCash flow provided by (used in):20212020Change
Operating activitiesOperating activities$44,862 $113,205 $(68,343)Operating activities$(70,985)$44,862 $(115,847)
Investing activitiesInvesting activities831,295 (459,239)1,290,534 Investing activities(474,690)831,295 (1,305,985)
Financing activitiesFinancing activities(535,660)358,368 (894,028)Financing activities283,535 (535,660)819,195 
Operating Activities
Cash inflows from operating activities are generated primarily through interest received from loans receivable and securities, property operating income from our real estate portfolio, and distributions of earnings received from unconsolidated ventures. This is partially offset by payment of interest expenses for credit facilities and mortgages payable, and operating expenses supporting our various lines of business, including property management and operations, loan servicing and workout of loans in default, investment transaction costs, as well as general administrative costs.
Our operating activities generatedused net cash outflows of $71.0 million and provided net cash inflows of $44.9 million and $113.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $68.3$115.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019,2020, primarily due to lower net property operating income and net interest income earned resulting from sales of real estate properties and lower financing costs on our loans receivable portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.throughout 2021.
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We believe cash flows from operations, available cash balances and our ability to generate cash through short- and long-term borrowings are sufficient to fund our operating liquidity needs.
Investing Activities
Investing activities include cash outlays for acquisition of real estate, disbursements on new and/or existing loans, and contributions to unconsolidated ventures, which are partially offset by repayments and sales of loan receivables, distributions of capital received from unconsolidated ventures, proceeds from sale of real estate, as well as proceeds from maturity or sale of securities.
Investing activities generated net cash inflows of $831.3 million and used net cash outflows of $459.2$474.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021. Net cash used in investing activities in 2021 resulted primarily from originations and 2019,future advances on our loans and preferred equity held for investment, net of $1.3 billion partially offset by proceeds from sales of real estate of $332.0 million, repayments on loan and preferred equity held for investment of $357.2 million and repayments of principal in mortgage loans held in securitization trusts of $70.8 million.
Investing activities generated net cash inflows of $831.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Net cash provided by investing activities in 2020 resulted primarily from proceeds from repaymentsrepayment on loan and preferred equity held for investment of $334.2 million, salesproceeds from sale of real estate of $300.5 million, proceeds from salessale of loans held for sale of $137.1 million and proceeds from sale of real estate securities, available for sale of $118.6 million and proceeds from sale of investments in unconsolidated ventures of $100.0 million partially offset by originations and future fundingsadvances on our loans and preferred equity held for investment, net of $122.4 million, and contributions to investments in unconsolidated ventures of $47.5 million.
Net cash flows used in investing activities of $459.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily driven by $1.3 billion of acquisition, origination and funding of loans and preferred equity held for investment partially offset
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by $426.4 million of loan and preferred equity repayments, $202.7 million of distributions in excess of cumulative earnings from unconsolidated ventures and $115.3 million of proceeds from sales of investments in unconsolidated ventures.
Financing Activities
We finance our investing activities largely through borrowings secured by our investments along with capital from third party or affiliated co-investors. We also have the ability to raise capital in the public markets through issuances of common stock, as well as draw upon our corporate credit facility, to finance our investing and operating activities. Accordingly, we incur cash outlays for payments on third party debt, dividends to our common stockholders as well as distributions to our noncontrolling interests.
Financing activities provided net cash of $283.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2021 resulted primarily from borrowings from credit facilities and securitization bonds in the amounts of $943.7 million and of $670.0 million, respectively, partially offset by repayment of credit facilities of $920.6 million, repayment of mortgage notes of $264.8 million, repayment of mortgage obligations issued by securitization trusts of $70.8 million, and distributions to noncontrolling interests in the amount of $40.2 million.
Financing activities used net cash of $535.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net cash inflow of $358.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. Net cash used in financing activities in 2020 resulted primarily from repayment of credit facilities of $745.7 million, repayment of mortgage notes of $156.1 million, distributions paid on common stock and noncontrolling interests of $52.6 million and distributions to noncontrolling interests in the amount of $22.9 million. This was partially offset by of borrowings from credit facilities in the amount of $255.1 million, contributions to the 5-Investment Preferred Financing of $200.0 million, and borrowings from mortgage notes in the amount of $15.0 million.
Our financing activities provided net cash inflow of $358.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2019 resulted primarily from borrowings from credit facilities in the amount of $1.8 billion and borrowings from mortgage notes in the amount of $85.7 million, partially offset by repayment of credit facilities in the amount of $1.3 billion, distributions paid on common stock and noncontrolling interests of $171.5 million and repayment of securitization bonds of $81.4 million.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies of the Company
The following table sets forth the known contractual obligations of the Company on an undiscounted basis. This table excludes obligations of the Company that are not fixed and determinable, including the Management Agreement (dollars in thousands):
Payments Due by PeriodPayments Due by Period
TotalLess than a Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsMore than 5 YearsTotalLess than a Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsMore than 5 Years
Bank credit facility(1)
Bank credit facility(1)
$3,714 $1,575 $2,139 $— $— 
Bank credit facility(1)
$1,412 $1,050 $362 $— $— 
Secured debt(2)
Secured debt(2)
2,053,900 232,853 556,933 850,834 413,280 
Secured debt(2)
1,517,302 35,115 405,098 697,899 379,190 
Securitization bonds payable(3)
Securitization bonds payable(3)
935,691 38,616 614,670 282,405 — 
Securitization bonds payable(3)
1,598,756 169,244 1,326,501 103,011 — 
Ground lease obligations(4)
Ground lease obligations(4)
34,457 3,174 6,412 4,856 20,015 
Ground lease obligations(4)
30,665 3,089 5,568 4,236 17,772 
Office leaseOffice lease5,586 798 1,596 1,596 1,596 
$3,027,762 $276,218 $1,180,154 $1,138,095 $433,295 $3,153,721 $209,296 $1,739,125 $806,742 $398,558 
Lending commitments(5)
Lending commitments(5)
197,846 
Lending commitments(5)
238,137 
TotalTotal$3,225,608 Total$3,391,858 

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(1)Future interest payments were estimated based on the applicable index at September 30, 20202021 and unused commitment fee of 0.35% per annum, assuming principal is repaid on the current maturity date of February 2022.
(2)Amounts include minimum principal and interest obligations through the initial maturity date of the collateral assets. Interest on floating rate debt was determined based on the applicable index at September 30, 2020.2021.
(3)The timing of future principal payments was estimated based on expected future cash flows of underlying collateral loans. Repayments are estimated to be earlier than contractual maturity only if proceeds from underlying loans are repaid by the borrowers.
(4)The Company assumed noncancelable operating ground leases as lessee or sublessee in connection with net lease properties acquired through the CLNY Contributions. The amounts represent minimum future base rent commitments through initial expiration dates of the respective noncancellable operating ground leases, excluding any contingent rent payments. Rents paid undergroundunder ground leases are recoverable from tenants.
(5)Future lending commitments may be subject to certain conditions that borrowers must meet to qualify for such fundings. Commitment amount assumes future fundings meet the terms to qualify for such fundings.
Guarantees and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2020, we were not dependent on the use of any off-balance sheet financing arrangements for liquidity. We have made investments in unconsolidated ventures. Our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures consisted of investments in PE Investments, senior loans, mezzanine loans and preferred equity held in joint ventures, as well as acquisition, development and construction arrangements accounted for as equity method investments. In each case, our exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of our investment.
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Our Investment Strategy
Our objective is to generate consistent and attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders. We seek to achieve this objective primarily through cash distributions and the preservation of invested capital and secondarily through capital appreciation.capital. We believe our diversified investment strategy across the CRE capital stack provides flexibility through economic cycles to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns. This approach is driven by a disciplined investment strategy, focused on:
•capitalizing on asset level underwriting experience and market analytics to identify investments with pricing dislocations and attractive risk-return profiles;
•primarily originating and structuring CRE senior mortgage loans and selective investments in mezzanine loans and preferred equity with attractive return profiles relative to the underlying value and financial operating performance of the real estate collateral, given the strength and quality of the sponsorship;
•identifying appropriate CRE debt securities investments based on the performance of the underlying real estate assets, the impact of such performance on the credit return profile of the investments and our expected return on the investments;
•identifying net leased real estate investments based on property location and purpose, tenant credit quality, market lease rates and potential appreciation of, and alternative uses for, the real estate;
•creating capital appreciation opportunities through active asset management and equity participation opportunities; and
•structuring transactions with a prudent amount of leverage, if any, given the risk of the underlying asset’s cash flows, attempting to match the structure and duration of the financing with the underlying asset’s cash flows, including through the use of hedges, as appropriate.
•identifying net leased real estate investments based on property location and purpose, tenant credit quality, market lease rates and potential appreciation of, and alternative uses for, the real estate; and
•selectively identifying appropriate CRE debt securities investments based on the performance of the underlying real estate assets, the impact of such performance on the credit return profile of the investments and our expected return on the investments;
The period for which we intend to hold our investments will vary depending on the type of asset, interest rates, investment performance, micro and macro real estate environment, capital markets and credit availability, among other factors. We generally expect to hold debt investments until the stated maturity and equity investments in accordance with each investment’s proposed business plan. We may sell all or a partial ownership interest in an investment before the end of the expected holding period if we believe that market conditions have maximized its value to us or the sale of the asset would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Our investment strategy is dynamic and flexible, enabling us to adapt to shifts in economic, real estate and capital market conditions and to exploit market inefficiencies. We may expand or change our investment strategy or target assets over time in response to opportunities available in different economic and capital market conditions. This flexibility in our investment strategy allows us to employ a customized, solutions-oriented approach, which we believe is attractive to borrowers and tenants. We believe that our diverse portfolio, our ability to originate, acquire and manage our target assets and the flexibility of our investment strategy positions us to capitalize on market inefficiencies and generate attractive long-term risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders through a variety of market conditions and economic cycles.
We have not acquired any investments in 2020 and currently are primarily focused on existing investments and commitments.
Underwriting, Asset and Risk Management
Our ManagerWe closely monitorsmonitor our portfolio and actively manages risks associated with, among other things, our assets and interest rates. Prior to investing in any particular asset, our Manager’sthe underwriting team, in conjunction with third party providers, undertakes a rigorous asset-level due diligence process, involving intensive data collection and analysis, to ensure that we understand fully the state of the market and the risk-reward profile of the asset. Beginning in 2021, our investment and portfolio management and risk assessment practices diligence the environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) standards of our business counterparties, including borrowers, sponsors, partners and service providers, and that of our investment assets and underlying collateral, which may include sustainability initiatives, recycling, energy efficiency and water management, volunteer and charitable efforts, anti-money laundering and know-your-client policies, and diversity, equity and inclusion practices in workforce leadership, composition and hiring practices. Prior to making a final investment decision, our Manager focuseswe focus on portfolio diversification to determine whether a target asset will cause our portfolio to be too heavily concentrated with, or cause too much risk exposure to, any one borrower, real estate sector, geographic region, source of cash flow for payment or other geopolitical issues. If our Manager determineswe determine that a proposed acquisition presents excessive concentration risk, it may determine not to acquire an otherwise attractive asset.
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For each asset that we acquire, our Manager’s asset management team engages in active management of the asset, the intensity of which depends on the attendant risks. The asset manager works collaboratively with the underwriting team to formulate a strategic plan for the particular asset, which includes evaluating the underlying collateral and updating valuation assumptions to reflect changes in the real estate market and the general economy. This plan also generally outlines several strategies for the asset to extract the maximum amount of value from each asset under a variety of market conditions. Such strategies may vary depending on the type of asset, the availability of refinancing options, recourse and maturity, but may include, among others, the restructuring of non-performing or sub-performing loans, the negotiation of discounted pay-offs or other modification of the terms governing a loan, and the foreclosure and management of assets underlying non-performing loans in order to reposition them for profitable disposition. Our Manager and its affiliates willWe continuously track the progress of an asset against the original business plan to ensure that the attendant risks of continuing to own the asset do not outweigh the associated rewards.
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Under these circumstances, certain assets will require intensified asset management in order to achieve optimal value realization.
Our Manager’s asset management team engages in a proactive and comprehensive on-going review of the credit quality of each asset it manages. In particular, for debt investments on at least an annual basis, the asset management team will evaluate the financial wherewithal of individual borrowers to meet contractual obligations as well as review the financial stability of the assets securing such debt investments. Further, there is ongoing review of borrower covenant compliance including the ability of borrowers to meet certain negotiated debt service coverage ratios and debt yield tests. For equity investments, the asset management team, with the assistance of third-party property managers, monitors and reviews key metrics such as occupancy, same store sales, tenant payment rates, property budgets and capital expenditures. If through this analysis of credit quality, the asset management team encounters declines in credit not in accord with the original business plan, the team evaluates the risks and determine what changes, if any, are required to the business plan to ensure that the attendant risks of continuing to hold the investment do not outweigh the associated rewards.
In addition, the audit committee of our Board of Directors, in consultation with management, periodically reviews our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, including key risks to which we are subject, including credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk, and the steps that management has taken to monitor and control such risks.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance significantly more than inflation does. A change in interest rates may correlate with the inflation rate. Substantially all of the leases at our multifamily and student housing properties allow for monthly or annual rent increases which provide us with the opportunity to achieve increases, where justified by the market, as each lease matures. Such types of leases generally minimize the risks of inflation on our multifamily and student housing properties.
Refer to Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for additional details.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.2020.
Recent Accounting Updates
For recent accounting updates, refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements.”
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary market risks are interest rate risk, prepayment risk, extension risk, credit risk, real estate market risk, capital market risk and foreign currency risk, either directly through the assets held or indirectly through investments in unconsolidated ventures, with each risk heightened as a result of the ongoing and numerous adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. As stated in the “Impact of COVID-19” section in “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” we and our Manager are taking steps to mitigate certain risks associated with COVID-19, however the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts us, our business, our borrowers and our tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact, and the direct and indirect economic efforts of the pandemic and containment measures, among others.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk relates to the risk that the future cash flow of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Credit curve spread risk is highly sensitive to the dynamics of the markets for loans and securities we hold. Excessive supply of these assets combined with reduced demand will cause the market to require a higher yield. This demand for higher yield will cause the market to use a higher spread over the U.S. Treasury securities yield curve, or other benchmark interest rates, to value these assets.
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As U.S. Treasury securities are priced to a higher yield and/or the spread to U.S. Treasuries used to price the assets increases, the price at which we could sell some of our fixed rate financial assets may decline. Conversely, as U.S. Treasury securities are priced to a lower yield and/or the spread to U.S. Treasuries used to price the assets decreases, the value of our fixed rate financial assets may increase. Fluctuations in LIBOR may affect the amount of interest income we earn on our floating rate borrowings and interest expense we incur on borrowings indexed to LIBOR, including under credit facilities and investment-level financing.
We utilize a variety of financial instruments on some of our investments, including interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other interest rate exchange contracts, in order to limit the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on their operations. The use of these types of derivatives to hedge interest-earning assets and/or interest-bearing liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for distribution and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. A hedge may not perform its intended purpose of offsetting losses of rising interest rates. Moreover, with respect to certain of the instruments used as hedges, there is exposure to the risk that the counterparties may cease making markets and quoting prices in such instruments, which may inhibit the ability to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to an open position. Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.
As of September 30, 2020,2021, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the applicable interest rate benchmark on our loan portfolio would decrease interest income by $13.1$7.2 million annually, net of interest expense.
Prepayment risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that principal will be repaid at a different rate than anticipated, resulting in a less than expected return on an investment. As prepayments of principal are received, any premiums paid on such assets are amortized against interest income, while any discounts on such assets are accreted into interest income. Therefore, an increase in prepayment rates has the following impact: (i) accelerates amortization of purchase premiums, which reduces interest income earned on the assets; and conversely, (ii) accelerates accretion of purchase discounts, which increases interest income earned on the assets.
Extension risk
The weighted average life of assets is projected based on assumptions regarding the rate at which borrowers will prepay or extend their mortgages. If prepayment rates decrease or extension options are exercised by borrowers at a rate that deviates significantly from projections, the life of fixed rate assets could extend beyond the term of the secured debt agreements. This in turn could negatively impact liquidity to the extent that assets may have to be sold and losses may be incurred as a result.
Credit risk
Investment in loans held for investment is subject to a high degree of credit risk through exposure to loss from loan defaults. Default rates are subject to a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, borrower financial condition, property performance, property management, supply/demand factors, construction trends, consumer behavior, regional economics, interest rates, the strength of the U.S. economy and other factors beyond our control, all of which have and may continue to be detrimentally impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. All loans are subject to a certain probability of default. We manage credit risk through the underwriting process, acquiring investments at the appropriate discount to face value, if any, and establishing loss assumptions. Performance of the loans is carefully monitored, including those held through joint venture investments, as well as external factors that may affect their value.
We are also subject to the credit risk of the tenants in our properties, including business closures, occupancy levels, meeting rent or other expense obligations, lease concessions, and ESG standards and practices among other factors, all of which have and may continue to be detrimentally impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We seek to undertake a rigorous credit evaluation of the tenants prior to acquiring properties. This analysis includes an extensive due diligence investigation of the tenants’ businesses, as well as an assessment of the strategic importance of the underlying real estate to the respective tenants’ core business operations. Where appropriate, we may seek to augment the tenants’ commitment to the properties by structuring various credit enhancement mechanisms into the underlying leases. These mechanisms could include security deposit requirements or guarantees from entities that are deemed credit worthy.
We are working closely with our borrowers and tenants to address the impact of COVID-19 on their business. Our Manager’s in-depth understanding of CRE and real estate-related investments, and in-house underwriting, asset management and resolution capabilities, provides us and management with a sophisticated full-service platform to regularly evaluate our investments and determine primary, secondary or alternative strategies to manage the credit risks described above. This includes intermediate servicing and complex and creative negotiating, restructuring of non-performing investments, foreclosure considerations, intense management or development of owned real estate, in each case to manage the risks faced to achieve value realization events in our interests and our stockholders. Solutions considered due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may include defensive loan or lease modifications, temporary interest or rent deferrals or forbearances, converting current interest payment
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current interest payment obligations to payment-in-kind, repurposing reserves and/or covenant waivers. Depending on the nature of the underlying investment and credit risk, we may pursue repositioning strategies through judicious capital investment in order to extract value from the investment or limit losses.
There can be no assurance that the measures taken will be sufficient to address the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our future operating results, liquidity and financial condition.
Real estate market risk
We are exposed to the risks generally associated with the commercial real estate market. The market values of commercial real estate are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions, as well as changes or weakness in specific industry segments, and other macroeconomic factors beyond our control, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which have and may continue to affect occupancy rates, capitalization rates and absorption rates. This in turn could impact the performance of tenants and borrowers. We seek to manage these risks through their underwriting due diligence and asset management processes and the solutions oriented process described above.
Capital markets risk
We are exposed to risks related to the debt capital markets, specifically the ability to finance our business through borrowings under secured revolving repurchase facilities, secured and unsecured warehouse facilities or other debt instruments. We seek to mitigate these risks by monitoring the debt capital markets to inform their decisions on the amount, timing and terms of their borrowings.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a direct and volatile impact on the global markets, including the commercial real estate equity and debt capital markets. The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a negative impact on asset valuations and significant constraints on liquidity in the capital markets, which may leadhave led to restrictions on lending activity, downward pressure on covenant compliance orand requirements to post margin or repayments under master repurchase financing arrangements. Our Master Repurchase Facilities are partial recourse, and margin call provisions do not permit valuation adjustments based on capital markets events; rather they are limited to collateral-specific credit marks generally determined on a commercially reasonable basis. We have timely met margin calls, primarily under our CMBS Credit Facilities.
We have amended our Bank Credit Facility and Master Repurchase Facilities to adjust certain covenants (such as the tangible net worth covenant), reduce advance rates on certain financed assets, obtain margin call holidays and permitted modification flexibilities, in an effort to mitigate the risk of future compliance issues, including margin calls, under our financing arrangements.
We continue to explore similar solutions with financing counterparties to strengthen our financing arrangements, with the understanding that any existing or future amendments may not be sufficient to fully address the impacts of COVID-19 on our business or financing arrangements.
Foreign Currency Risk
We have foreign currency rate exposures related to our foreign currency-denominated investments held by our foreign subsidiaries. Changes in foreign currency rates can adversely affect the fair values and earning of our non-U.S. holdings. We generally mitigate this foreign currency risk by utilizing currency instruments to hedge our net investments in our foreign subsidiaries. The type of hedging instruments that we employ on our foreign subsidiary investments are forwards.put options.
At September 30, 2020,2021, we had approximately NOK 846.0723.9 million and €149.6€157.0 million or a total of $265.4$265.8 million, in net investments in our European subsidiaries. A 1.0% change in these foreign currency rates would result in a $2.7 million increase or decrease in translation gain or loss included in other comprehensive income in connection with our European subsidiaries.
A summary of the foreign exchange contracts in place at September 30, 2020,2021, including notional amount and key terms, is included in Note 15, “Derivatives,” to Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements.” The maturity dates of these instruments approximate the projected dates of related cash flows for specific investments. Termination or maturity of currency hedging instruments may result in an obligation for payment to or from the counterparty to the hedging agreement. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by counterparties for these contracts. To manage this risk, we select major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties and perform a quarterly review of the financial health and stability of our trading counterparties. Based on our review at September 30, 2020,2021, we do not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized
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and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2020,2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Our external manager instituted a full remote work policy in early March that will be in effect through August 15, 2020, at the earliest.
Our internal control framework, which includes controls over financial reporting and disclosure, continues to operate effectively.
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PART IIII—Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Neither the Company nor ourthe Manager is currently subject to any material legal proceedings. We anticipate that we may from time to time be involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, the outcome of which we would not expect to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, please referIn addition to the “Risk Factors” sectionother information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “Annual Report”), which is available on2020, in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, and in our other filings with the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The Company is providing the following additional riskSEC. These factors may materially affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Except as described below, there have been no material changes to supplement the risk factors included in Item 1A. of the Annual Report:
The novel coronavirus pandemic, measures intended to prevent its spread and government actions to mitigate its economic impact have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant disruptionsrelating to the U.S. and global economies and has contributed to volatility and negative pressureCompany disclosed in financial markets. The outbreak has led governments and other authorities around the world to impose measures intended to control its spread, including restrictions on freedom of movement and business operations such as travel bans, border closings, business closures, quarantines and shelter-in-place orders. The actual and potential impact and duration of COVID-19 or another pandemic have and are expected to continue to have significant repercussions across regional, national and global economies and financial markets, and have triggered a period of regional, national and global economic slowdown and may trigger a longer term recession. The impact of the pandemic and measures to prevent its spread have negatively impacted us and could further negatively impact our business. To the extent current conditions persist or worsen, we expect there to be a materially negative effect on the value of our assets and our results of operations, and, in turn, cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Moreover, many risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020.
In addition, in considering the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q and elsewhere, you should be interpreted as heightened risks as a resultrefer to the qualifications and limitations on our forward-looking statements that are described in Forward Looking Statements at the beginning of the ongoing and numerous adverse impactsPart I, Item 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic.this Form 10-Q.
Difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms,We terminated our relationship with our manager, which could delay or at all, and severe disruption or instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions may affecthinder implementation of our ability to access capital necessary to fund business operations or replace liabilities on a timely basis.This may alsoinvestment strategy, adversely affect the valuation of financial assets and liabilities, any of which could result in the inability to make payments under our credit and other borrowing facilities, affect our ability to meet liquidity, net worth, and leverage covenants under such facilities or have a material adverse effect on the value of investments we hold. In addition, the insolvency of one or more of our counterparties could reduce the amount of financing available to us, which would make it more difficult for us to leverage the value of our assets and obtain substitute financing on attractive terms or at all. Recently, we have experienced declines in the value of our target assets, as well as adverse developments with respect to the terms and cost of financing available to us, and have received margin calls, default notices and deficiency letters from certain of our financing counterparties. Any or all of these impacts could result in reduced net investment income and cash flow, as well as an impairment of our investments, which reductions and impairments could be material. Declines in asset values, specifically retail, office and multifamily residential assets, may also impact our ability to liquidate our legacy, non-strategic assets within the projected timeframe or at the projected values.
Additionally, we expect the economic impacts of the pandemic will impact the financial stability of the mortgage loans and mortgage loan borrowers underlying the residential and commercial securities and loans that we own. As a result, we anticipate an increase in the number of borrowers who become delinquent or default on their loans, or who will seek concessions or forbearance. Elevated levels of delinquency or default would have an adverse impact on our income and the value of our assets and may require us to repay amounts under our master repurchase facilities and we can provide no assurance that we will have funds available to make such payments. Any forced sales of loans, securities or other assets that secure our repurchase and other financing arrangements in the current environment would likely be on terms less favorable to us than might otherwise be available in a regularly functioning market and could result in deficiency judgments and other claims against us.
Our loans collateralized by hotels, retail properties and mezzanine loans and preferred equity interests are disproportionately impacted by the effects of COVID-19. In particular, we continue to hold a ratable interest in a mezzanine loan participation on a development project in Los Angeles County (which includes a hospitality and retail renovation and a new condominium tower construction). While cost overruns have been addressed through a mezzanine recapitalization, if there are further overruns or delays in opening or decreased demand for the hospitality or retail space or condominium sales, we may not be able to fund any other deficiencies, which could result in a default under the senior mortgage loan and a foreclosure on all interests subordinate to the senior mortgage loan, including our participation interest in the mezzanine loan. In addition, our retail borrowers have
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been materially impacted by shelter-in-place orders, when applicable, and rent payment delinquencies in future periods may increase.
In response to the pandemic, the U.S. government has taken various actions to support the economy and the continued functioning of the financial markets. The Federal Reserve has announced its commitment to purchase unlimited amounts of U.S. Treasuries, mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds and other assets. In addition, President Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which is providing billions of dollars of relief to individuals, businesses, state and local governments, and the health care system suffering the impact of the pandemic, including mortgage loan forbearance and modification programs to qualifying borrowers who have difficulty making their loan payments. There can be no assurance as to how, in the long term, these and other actions by the U.S. government will affect the efficiency, liquidity and stability of the financial and mortgage markets. To the extent the financial or mortgage markets do not respond favorably to any of these actions, or such actions do not function as intended, our business, results of operations and financial condition may continueand/or limit our ability to be materially adversely affected. Moreover, certain actions taken by U.S.realize some or other governmental authorities, including the Federal Reserve, that are intended to ameliorate the macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 may harm our business. Decreases in short-term interest rates, such as those announced by the Federal Reserve late in our 2019 fiscal year and during the first fiscal quarter of 2020, may have a negative impact on our results, as we have certain assets and liabilities which are sensitive to changes in interest rates. These market interest rate declines may negatively affect our results of operations. In addition, as interest rates continue to decline as a result of demand for U.S. Treasury securities and the activitiesall of the Federal Reserve, prepayments ontargeted benefits of the Internalization.
On April 30, 2021, we completed the Internalization of our assetsmanagement and operating functions and terminated the management agreement with our external manager. Pursuant to the Internalization, we extended offers of employment to certain employees of our external manager who, prior to the Internalization, had contributed substantially to our investment, underwriting, portfolio and asset management, loan servicing, financial reporting, treasury, legal, tax, credit, risk and compliance responsibilities employment, which offers were accepted, and entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Michael J. Mazzei, our Chief Executive Officer and President. Our executive team consists of individuals who were previously employed by, but are likely to increase due to refinancing activity, whichno longer affiliated with, the manager, specifically: Michael J. Mazzei, Chief Executive Officer and President; Andrew E. Witt, Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President; Frank V. Saracino, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President; and David A. Palamé, General Counsel, Secretary and Executive Vice President. Accordingly, we believe that our success depends significantly upon the experience, skill, resources, relationships and contacts of the executive officers and key personnel. The departure of any of these persons from our management team could have a material adverse effect on our result of operations.
The rapid development and fluidity of the circumstances resulting from this pandemic preclude any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19 onperformance. Taken together, our business. Nevertheless, COVID-19 and the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in these and other areas present material uncertainty and risk with respect to our performance, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our inability to access funding or the terms on which such funding is available could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, particularly in light of ongoing market dislocations resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Our ability to fundachieve our operations, meet financial obligationsstated objectives and finance target asset acquisitionsto realize the expected cost savings through the Internalization may be impacted by ourincreased overhead costs and/or management’s ability to secure and maintainfocus on operating our master repurchase agreements with our counterparties. Because repurchase agreements are short-term commitments of capital, lenders may respond to market conditions making it more difficult for us to renew or replace on a continuous basis our maturing short-term borrowings and have and may continue to impose more onerous conditions when rolling such financings. If we are not able to renew our existing facilities or arrange for new financing on terms acceptable to us, or if we default on our covenants or are otherwise unable to access funds under our financing facilities or if we are required to post more collateral or face larger haircuts, we may have to curtail our asset acquisition activities and/or dispose of assets.
Issues related to financing are exacerbated in times of significant dislocation in the financial markets, such as those being experienced now related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is possible our lenders will become unwilling or unable to provide us with financing and we could be forced to sell our assets at an inopportune time when prices are depressed. In addition, if the regulatory capital requirements imposed on our lenders change, they may be required to significantly increase the cost of the financing that they provide to us. Our lenders also have revised and may continue to revise their eligibility requirements for the types of assets they are willing to finance or the terms of such financings, including haircuts and requiring additional collateral in the form of cash, based on, among other factors, the regulatory environment and their management of actual and perceived risk, particularly with respect to assignee liability. Moreover, the amount of financing we receive under our repurchase agreements will be directly related to our lenders’ valuation of our target assets that cover the outstanding borrowings. Typically, repurchase agreements grant the lender the absolute right to reevaluate the fair market value of the assets that cover outstanding borrowings at any time. If a lender determines in its sole discretion that the value of the assets has decreased, it has the right to initiate a margin call. These valuations may be different than the values that we ascribe to these assets and may be influenced by recent asset sales and distressed levels by forced sellers. A margin call requires us to transfer additional assets to a lender without any advance of funds from the lender for such transfer or to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings.
During the first and second quarter of 2020, we have observed a mark-down of a portion of our mortgage assets by the counterparties to our financing arrangements, resulting in us having to pay cash or securities to satisfy higher than historical levels of margin calls. Significant margin calls could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, business, liquidity and ability to make distributions to our stockholders, and could cause the value of our common stock to decline. In addition, we have also experienced an increase in haircuts on financings we have rolled. As haircuts are increased, we will be required to post additional collateral. We may also be forced to sell assets at significantly depressed prices to meet such margin calls and to maintain adequate liquidity. As a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we have
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experienced margins calls well beyond historical norms. These trends, if continued, will have a negative adverse impact on our liquidity.
In connection with the market disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we changed our interest rate hedging strategy and closed out of, or terminated a portion of our interest rate hedges, incurring realized losses. As a result, interest rate risk exposure that is associated with certain of our assets and liabilities is no longer being hedged in the manner that we previously used to address interest rate risk and our revised strategy to address interest rate risk may not be effective and could result in the incurrence of future realized losses.
In response to the recent market dislocations resulting from the global pandemic of COVID-19, we made the determination that certain of our interest rate hedges were no longer effective in hedging asset market values and, as of March 27, 2020, had terminated or closed out a portion of our outstanding interest rate hedges and, overall, incurred realized losses. While we are monitoring market conditions and determining when we believe it would be appropriate and effective to re-implement interest rate hedging strategies, including by taking into account our future business activities and assets and liabilities, we will be exposed to the impact that changes in benchmark interest rates may have on the value of the loans, securities and other assets we own that are sensitive to interest rate changes, as well as long-term debt obligations that are sensitive to interest rate changes. Moreover, to the extent the value of loans and securities we own fluctuate as a result of changes in benchmark interest rates, we may be exposed to margin calls under lending facilities that we use to finance these assets. In the past, our interest rate hedging strategy was intended to be a source of liquidity in meeting margin calls that resulted from asset valuation changes attributable to changes in benchmark interest rates; however, because we have terminated or closed out a portion of our outstanding interest rate hedges, we will not be able to rely on these hedges as such a source of liquidity. Operating our business and maintaining a portfolio of interest rate sensitive loans, securities and other assets without an interest rate risk hedging program in place could expose us to losses and liquidity risks, which could be material and which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurance that future market conditions and our financial condition in the future will enable us to re-establish an effective interest rate risk hedging program, even if in the future we believe it would otherwise be appropriate or desirable to do so.
We may pay taxable dividends in our common stock and cash, in which case stockholders may sell shares of our common stock to pay tax on such dividends, placing downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain), in order to qualify as a REIT, and any REIT taxable income that we do not distribute will be subject to U.S. corporate income tax at regular rates.In April 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company determined it was prudent to conserve available liquidity and suspend the Company’s monthly stock dividend beginning with the monthly period ending April 30, 2020.The Board of Directors will evaluate dividends in future periods based upon customary consideration, such as our cash balances, and cash flows and market conditions and could consider paying future dividends in shares of common stock, cash, or a combination of shares of common stock and cash.
On August 11, 2017, the IRS issued Revenue Procedure 2017-45, authorizing elective stock dividends to be made by public REITs. Pursuant to this revenue procedure, effective for distributions declared on or after August 11, 2017, the IRS will treat the distribution of stock pursuant to an elective stock dividend as a distribution of property under Section 301 of the Code (i.e., as a dividend to the extent of our earnings and profits), as long as at least 20% of the total dividend is available in cash and certain other requirements outlined in the revenue procedure are met.
If we make a taxable dividend payable in cash and common stock, taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, stockholders may be required to pay income tax with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. If we make a taxable dividend payable in cash and our common stock and a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock.business.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
There were no sales of unregistered securities of our Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, other than those previously disclosed in filings with the SEC.
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Purchases of Equity Securities by Issuer
The Company did not purchase any of its Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”), under which the Company could repurchase up to $300.0 million of its outstanding Class A common stock until March 31, 2020. On February 18, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to extend the Stock Repurchase Program through March 31, 2021. Under the Stock Repurchase Program, the Company may repurchase shares in open market purchases, through tender offers or otherwise in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.







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Item 6.    Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit NumberDescription of Exhibit
2.1
Amended and Restated Master Combination Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2017, among Colony Capital Operating Company, LLC, NRF RED REIT Corp., NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust Operating Partnership, LP, NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc., NorthStar Real Estate Income Operating Partnership II, LP, Colony NorthStar Credit Real Estate, Inc. and Credit RE Operating Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-221685) effective December 6, 2017)
3.1
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Colony NorthStar Credit Real Estate,BrightSpire Capital, Inc., datedas amendedof June 23, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (No. 001-38377) for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 filed on August 09, 2018)5, 2021)
3.2
ThirdFourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Colony Credit Real Estate,BrightSpire Capital, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.13.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-38377) filed on April 16, 2020)June 24, 2021)
10.1
Indenture, dated as of July 20, 2021, by and among BRSP 2021-FL1, Ltd., as Issuer, BRSP 2021-FL1, LLC, as Co-Issuer, BrightSpire Capital Advancing Agent, LLC (f/k/a CLNC Advancing Agent, LLC), as Advancing Agent, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Note Administrator and as Custodian (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-38377) filed on July 26, 2021)
10.2*
Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2021, by and among NSREIT CB Loan, LLC, CB Loan NT-II, LLC, BrightSpire Credit 3, LLC, BrightSpire Credit 4, LLC, BrightSpire Credit 3EU, LLC and BrightSpire Credit 3UK, LLC, BrightSpire Capital Operating Company, LLC and Citibank, N.A.
31.1*
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: November 6, 20203, 2021  


COLONY CREDIT REAL ESTATE,BRIGHTSPIRE CAPITAL, INC.
By:/s/ Michael J. Mazzei
Michael J. Mazzei
Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)
By:/s/ Neale W. Redington
Neale W. Redington
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
By:/s/ Frank V. Saracino
Frank V. Saracino
Chief AccountingFinancial Officer (Principal
(Principal Accounting Officer)