UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission file number 001-38366

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)



England and Wales		98-1395184
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification ~~Number)~~No.)



1144 Fifteenth Street, Denver, Colorado		80202
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(303) 744-1911

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares, $0.01 par value per share	GTES	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:



Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ~~Yes ☐ No~~ ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November ~~1, 2018,~~4, 2019, there were ~~289,808,150~~290,118,125 ordinary shares of $0.01 par value outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



Part I – Financial Information

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	53
Item 2.	~~Management's~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3436
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	5053
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	5053

Part II – Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	5154
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	5154
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54
Item 6.	Exhibits	5155
Signatures		5256

Forward-looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “quarterly report” or “report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our operations and financial performance. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “predicts,” “intends,” “trends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements, including but not limited to the factors described in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018 (the “annual report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), ~~and~~which include the following: conditions in the global and regional economy and the major end markets we serve; economic, political and other risks associated with international ~~operations;~~operations, including exchange rate fluctuations; availability of raw materials at favorable prices and in sufficient quantities; changes in our relationships with, or the financial condition, performance, purchasing power or inventory levels of, key channel partners; competition in all areas of our business; pricing pressures from our customers; continued operation of our manufacturing facilities; our ability to forecast demand or meet significant increases in demand; ~~exchange rate fluctuations;~~ market acceptance of new product introductions and product innovations; our cost-reduction actions; litigation, legal or regulatory proceedings brought against us; enforcement of our intellectual property rights; recalls, product liability claims or product warranties claims; anti-corruption laws and other laws governing our international operations; existing or new laws and regulations that may prohibit, restrict or burden the sale of aftermarket products; our decentralized information technology systems and any interruptions to our computer and IT systems; environmental, health and safety laws and regulations; insurance coverage of future losses we may incur; lives of products used in our end markets as well as the development of replacement markets; our ability to successfully integrate ~~future~~ acquired businesses or assets; our reliance on senior management or key personnel; our ability to maintain and enhance our brand; work stoppages and other labor matters; our investments in joint ventures; liabilities with respect to businesses that we have divested in the past; terrorist acts, conflicts and wars; losses to our facilities, supply chains, distribution systems or information technology systems due to catastrophe or other events; additional cash contributions we may be required to make to our defined benefit pension plans; the loss or financial instability of any significant customer or customers; changes in legislative, regulatory and legal developments involving taxes and other matters; our substantial leverage; and the significant influence of our majority shareholder, The Blackstone Group ~~L.P.~~Inc., over us, as such factors may be updated from time to time in ~~its~~the Company’s periodic filings with the SEC. Investors are urged to consider carefully the disclosure in this report and our other filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other periodic filings. Gates undertakes no obligation to update or supplement any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

ABOUT THIS QUARTERLY REPORT

Financial Statement Presentation

Gates Industrial Corporation plc is a public limited company that was organized under the laws of England and Wales on September 25, 2017. It is the financial reporting entity following the completion of certain reorganization transactions completed prior to its initial public offering in January 2018, as described further in note 1 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

This quarterly report includes certain historical consolidated financial and other data for Omaha Topco Limited (“Omaha Topco”), which was the financial reporting entity prior to the completion of the reorganization transactions referred to above. Omaha Topco was formed by affiliates of The Blackstone Group L.P. primarily as a vehicle to finance the acquisition in July 2014 of the Gates business.

Certain monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included elsewhere in this quarterly report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables or charts may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.

All amounts in this quarterly report are expressed in ~~U.S.~~United States of America (the “United States” or “U.S.”) dollars, unless indicated otherwise.

Certain Definitions

As used in this quarterly report, unless otherwise noted or the context requires otherwise:

“Gates,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer, ~~(1) prior to~~unless the completion of the reorganization transactions completed immediately prior to the initial public offering, to Omaha Topco and its consolidated subsidiaries and (2) after the completion of the reorganization transactions,context requires otherwise, to Gates Industrial Corporation plc and its consolidated ~~subsidiaries, as the case may be;~~subsidiaries; and

“Blackstone” or “our Sponsor” refer to investment funds affiliated with The Blackstone Group ~~L.P.~~Inc., which, although no individual fund owns a controlling interest in us, together represent our current majority owners.

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1: Financial Statements (unaudited)

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations


	Three months ended						Nine months ended						Three months ended					Nine months ended
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net sales	$	828.4		$	760.6		$	2,555.5		$	2,259.9		$	746.6		$	828.4	$	2,361.4		$	2,555.5
Cost of sales	501.2			449.8			1,534.9			1,343.9			474.2			501.2		1,480.3			1,534.9
Gross profit	327.2			310.8			1,020.6			916.0			272.4			327.2		881.1			1,020.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses	202.7			201.4			621.1			585.5			191.9			202.7		590.4			621.1
Transaction-related expenses	0.2			7.2			6.2			11.3			1.0			0.2		0.7			6.2
Impairment of intangibles and other assets	0.2			—			0.6			—			0.7			0.2		0.7			0.6
Restructuring expense	1.2			2.4			3.2			8.3
Other operating expenses (income)	5.1			(0.1		)	12.5			(0.1		)
Restructuring expenses													0.3			1.2		3.9			3.2
Other operating expenses													1.8			5.1		6.6			12.5
Operating income from continuing operations	117.8			99.9			377.0			311.0			76.7			117.8		278.8			377.0
Interest expense	40.2			55.0			139.8			179.0			37.2			40.2		114.5			139.8
Other expenses	3.4			10.9			17.5			46.7
Other (income) expenses													(2.4		)	3.4		(7.2		)	17.5
Income from continuing operations before taxes	74.2			34.0			219.7			85.3			41.9			74.2		171.5			219.7
Income tax expense	7.2			15.9			30.4			32.9
Income tax expense (benefit)													4.4			7.2		(497.8		)	30.4
Net income from continuing operations	67.0			18.1			189.3			52.4			37.5			67.0		669.3			189.3
Loss (gain) on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax, respectively, of $0, $0, $0 and $0	0.3			(0.1		)	0.7			(0.1		)
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax, respectively, of $0, $0, $0 and $0													0.1			0.3		0.6			0.7
Net income	66.7			18.2			188.6			52.5			37.4			66.7		668.7			188.6
Non-controlling interests	(6.8		)	(5.0		)	(18.9		)	(20.0		)
Less: non-controlling interests													1.9			6.8		(2.0		)	18.9
Net income attributable to shareholders	$	59.9		$	13.2		$	169.7		$	32.5		$	35.5		$	59.9	$	670.7		$	169.7

Earnings per share
Basic
Earnings per share from continuing operations	$	0.21		$	0.05		$	0.60		$	0.13		$	0.12		$	0.21	$	2.31		$	0.60
Earnings per share from discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Net income per share	$	0.21		$	0.05		$	0.60		$	0.13
Earnings per share													$	0.12		$	0.21	$	2.31		$	0.60

Diluted
Earnings per share from continuing operations	$	0.20		$	0.05		$	0.58		$	0.13		$	0.12		$	0.20	$	2.30		$	0.58
Earnings per share from discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Net income per share	$	0.20		$	0.05		$	0.58		$	0.13
Earnings per share													$	0.12		$	0.20	$	2.30		$	0.58

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Three months ended Nine months ended
(dollars in millions) September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017 September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017
Net income $ 66.7
$ 18.2
$ 188.6
$ 52.5
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Foreign currency translation:
—Net translation (loss) gain on foreign operations, net of tax (expense) benefit, respectively, of ($1.3), $4.2, ($0.5) and $13.7 (2.2 ) 59.9
(83.4 ) 280.4
—Gain (loss) on net investment hedges, net of tax expense, respectively, of $0.2, $0, $0.2 and $0 3.8
(26.1 ) 4.7
(90.9 )
Total foreign currency translation movements 1.6
33.8
(78.7 )
189.5
Cash flow hedges (Interest rate derivatives):
—Gain (loss) arising in the period, net of tax expense, respectively, of $0, $0, $0 and $0 3.6
(0.2 ) 13.3
(6.4 )
—Reclassification to net income, net of tax benefit (expense), respectively, of $3.3, ($0.4), $2.0 and ($1.4) 4.3
2.4
6.5
7.0
Total cash flow hedges movements 7.9
2.2
19.8

0.6
Available-for-sale investments:
—Net unrealized (loss) gain, net of tax expense, respectively, of $0.1, $0.1, $0.1 and $0 (0.5 ) 0.3
(0.5 ) 0.1
Total available-for-sale investment movements (0.5 ) 0.3
(0.5 ) 0.1
Post-retirement benefits:
—Actuarial loss, net of tax benefit, respectively, of $0, $0, $0.1 and $0 —
—
(0.1 ) —
—Reclassification of actuarial (gain) loss to net income, net of tax expense, respectively, of $0, $1.1, $0 and $1.1 (0.1 ) 2.0
(0.4 ) 2.1
Total post-retirement benefit movements (0.1 ) 2.0
(0.5 )
2.1
Other comprehensive income (loss) 8.9
38.3
(59.9 ) 192.3
Comprehensive income for the period $ 75.6
$ 56.5
$ 128.7
$ 244.8

Comprehensive income attributable to shareholders:
—Income arising from continuing operations $ 82.2
$ 46.3
$ 130.6
$ 205.6
—(Loss) income arising from discontinued operations (0.3 ) 0.1
(0.7 ) 0.1
81.9
46.4
129.9

205.7
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests (6.3 ) 10.1
(1.2 ) 39.1
$ 75.6
$ 56.5
$ 128.7

$ 244.8



	Three months ended						Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net income	$	37.4		$	66.7		$	668.7		$	188.6
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Foreign currency translation:
—Net translation loss on foreign operations, net of tax expense, respectively, of $0.3, $1.3, $0.6 and $0.5	(94.7		)	(2.2		)	(49.6		)	(83.4		)
—Gain on net investment hedges, net of tax expense, respectively, of $0, $0.2, $0 and $0.2	13.3			3.8			14.1			4.7
Total foreign currency translation movements	(81.4		)	1.6			(35.5		)	(78.7		)
Cash flow hedges (Interest rate derivatives):
—(Loss) gain arising in the period, net of tax benefit, respectively, of $0.9, $0, $5.2 and $0	(4.0		)	3.6			(27.6		)	13.3
—Reclassification to net income, net of tax benefit, respectively, of $0, $3.3, $0 and $2.0	0.9			4.3			1.2			6.5
Total cash flow hedges movements	(3.1		)	7.9			(26.4		)	19.8
Available-for-sale investments:
—Net unrealized loss, net of tax expense, respectively, of $0, $0.1, $0 and $0.1	—			(0.5		)	—			(0.5		)
Total available-for-sale investments:	—			(0.5		)	—			(0.5		)
Post-retirement benefits:
—Current year actuarial movements, net of tax benefit, respectively, of $0, $0, $0 and $0.1	—			—			—			(0.1		)
—Reclassification of prior year actuarial movements to net income, net of tax benefit, respectively, of $0, $0, $0.1 and $0	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	(0.2		)	(0.4		)
Total post-retirement benefit movements	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	(0.2		)	(0.5		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(84.6		)	8.9			(62.1		)	(59.9		)
Comprehensive (loss) income for the period	$	(47.2	)	$	75.6		$	606.6		$	128.7

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to shareholders:
—(Loss) income arising from continuing operations	$	(37.4	)	$	82.2		$	617.0		$	130.6
—Loss arising from discontinued operations	(0.1		)	(0.3		)	(0.6		)	(0.7		)
	(37.5		)	81.9			616.4			129.9
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(9.7		)	(6.3		)	(9.8		)	(1.2		)
	$	(47.2	)	$	75.6		$	606.6		$	128.7

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


(dollars in millions, except share numbers and per share amounts)	As of September 29, 2018			As of December 30, 2017			As of September 28, 2019			As of December 29, 2018
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	296.3		$	564.4		$	456.1		$	423.4
Trade accounts receivable, net	778.2			713.8			733.2			742.3
Inventories	526.8			457.1			507.8			537.6
Taxes receivable	7.3			14.1			24.8			7.2
Prepaid expenses and other assets	108.6			76.8			142.0			104.1
Total current assets	1,717.2			1,826.2			1,863.9			1,814.6
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	761.7			686.2			721.1			756.3
Goodwill	2,093.8			2,085.5			2,024.1			2,045.9
Pension surplus	57.3			57.7			52.8			52.6
Intangible assets, net	2,022.0			2,126.8			1,888.2			1,990.6
Operating lease right-of-use assets							117.3			—
Taxes receivable	26.0			32.7			34.2			27.9
Deferred income taxes							552.6			5.1
Other non-current assets	40.7			38.6			31.7			29.6
Total assets	$	6,718.7		$	6,853.7		$	7,285.9		$	6,722.6
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Debt, current portion	$	32.8		$	66.4		$	43.5		$	51.6
Trade accounts payable	402.1			392.0			328.5			424.0
Taxes payable	29.3			29.0			17.4			19.2
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	190.2			210.4			193.8			184.2
Total current liabilities	654.4			697.8			583.2			679.0
Non-current liabilities
Debt, less current portion	2,962.7			3,889.3			2,909.8			2,953.4
Post-retirement benefit obligations	155.2			157.1			151.0			155.9
Lease liabilities							109.3			—
Taxes payable	79.0			100.6			155.3			81.9
Deferred income taxes	468.3			517.1			360.8			439.5
Other non-current liabilities	72.0			63.4			86.5			79.2
Total liabilities	4,391.6			5,425.3			4,355.9			4,388.9
Commitments and contingencies (note 18)
Commitments and contingencies (note 20)
Shareholders’ equity
—Shares, par value of $0.01 each - authorized shares: 3,000,000,000; outstanding shares: 289,808,150 (December 30, 2017: authorized shares: 3,000,000,000; outstanding shares: 245,474,605)	2.9			2.5
—Shares, par value of $0.01 each - authorized shares: 3,000,000,000; outstanding shares: 290,118,125 (December 29, 2018: authorized shares: 3,000,000,000; outstanding shares: 289,847,574)							2.9			2.9
—Additional paid-in capital	2,415.5			1,622.6			2,430.5			2,416.9
—Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(787.2		)	(747.4		)	(908.6		)	(854.3		)
—Retained earnings	306.6			136.9			1,052.6			381.9
Total shareholders’ equity	1,937.8			1,014.6			2,577.4			1,947.4
Non-controlling interests	389.3			413.8			352.6			386.3
Total equity	2,327.1			1,428.4			2,930.0			2,333.7
Total liabilities and equity	$	6,718.7		$	6,853.7		$	7,285.9		$	6,722.6

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows


	Nine months ended						Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	188.6		$	52.5		$	668.7		$	188.6
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization	163.3			158.2			167.4			163.3
Non-cash currency transaction (gain) loss on net debt and hedging instruments	(35.0		)	47.6
Non-cash currency transaction gain on net debt and hedging instruments							(29.2		)	(35.0		)
Premium paid on redemption of long-term debt	27.0			—			—			27.0
Other net non-cash financing costs	54.9			39.2			31.2			54.9
Share-based compensation expense	5.5			2.9			10.5			5.5
Decrease in post-employment benefit obligations, net	(2.5		)	(5.6		)	(6.4		)	(2.5		)
Deferred income taxes	(44.0		)	(37.0		)	(635.6		)	(44.0		)
Other operating activities	1.5			1.7			3.4			1.5
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
—Increase in accounts receivable	(82.6		)	(68.6		)	(4.0		)	(82.6		)
—Increase in inventories	(81.0		)	(55.8		)
—Increase in accounts payable	16.4			30.1
—(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	(24.6		)	2.1
—(Decrease) increase in taxes payable	(6.4		)	6.6
—Decrease (increase) in inventories							25.2			(81.0		)
—(Decrease) increase in accounts payable							(90.4		)	16.4
—Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets							(29.8		)	(24.6		)
—Increase (decrease) in taxes payable							48.2			(6.4		)
—Decrease in other liabilities	(38.8		)	(24.0		)	(14.0		)	(38.8		)
Net cash provided by operations	142.3			149.9			145.2			142.3
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(143.0		)	(57.8		)	(50.5		)	(143.0		)
Purchases of intangible assets	(11.9		)	(6.9		)	(8.0		)	(11.9		)
Net cash paid under corporate-owned life insurance policies	(7.4		)	(7.3		)
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment	1.6			1.9
Purchases of investments							(11.7		)	—
Net cash received (paid) under corporate-owned life insurance policies							0.3			(7.4		)
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired	(50.9		)	(36.7		)	—			(50.9		)
Other investing activities	(2.5		)	(0.3		)	0.3			(0.9		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(214.1		)	(107.1		)	(69.6		)	(214.1		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issue of shares, net of cost of issuance	799.6			0.6
Deferred offering costs	(8.6		)	—
Buy-back of shares	—			(1.6		)
Proceeds from long-term debt	—			644.7
Issuance of shares, net of underwriting costs							1.7			799.6
Other offering costs							—			(8.6		)
Payments of long-term debt	(933.5		)	(670.1		)	(18.9		)	(933.5		)
Premium paid on redemption of long-term debt	(27.0		)	—			—			(27.0		)
Debt issuance costs paid	—			(17.4		)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	(23.3		)	(17.9		)	(24.5		)	(23.3		)
Other financing activities	5.7			3.5			1.6			5.7
Net cash used in financing activities	(187.1		)	(58.2		)	(40.1		)	(187.1		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(9.2		)	16.6			(2.8		)	(9.2		)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(268.1		)	1.2
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash							32.7			(268.1		)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period	566.0			528.8			424.6			566.0
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period	$	297.9		$	530.0		$	457.3		$	297.9
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information
Interest paid	$	142.4		$	169.2
Interest paid, net of amount capitalized							$	112.5		$	142.4
Income taxes paid, net	$	83.7		$	64.9		$	90.4		$	83.7
Accrued capital expenditures	$	2.5		$	1.9		$	1.6		$	2.5

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(dollars in millions) Share
capital
Additional
paid-in capital
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss Retained
(deficit) earnings Total
shareholders’
equity Non-
controlling
interests Total
equity
As of December 31, 2016 $ 2.5
$ 1,619.0
$ (915.9 ) $ (14.3 ) $ 691.3
$ 377.1
$ 1,068.4

Net income —
—
—
32.5
32.5
20.0
52.5
Other comprehensive income —
—
173.2
—
173.2
19.1
192.3
Total comprehensive income —

—

173.2

32.5

205.7

39.1
244.8
Other changes in equity:
—Issue of shares —
0.6
—
—
0.6
—
0.6
—Buy-back of shares —
(1.6 ) —
—
(1.6 ) —
(1.6 )
—Share-based compensation —
2.9
—
—
2.9
—
2.9
—Dividends paid to non-controlling
interests —
—
—
—
—
(17.9 ) (17.9 )
As of September 30, 2017 $ 2.5
$ 1,620.9
$ (742.7 ) $ 18.2
$ 898.9
$ 398.3
$ 1,297.2



	Three months ended September 28, 2019

(dollars in millions)	Share capital		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings		Total shareholders’ equity			Non- controlling interests			Total equity
As of June 29, 2019	$	2.9	$	2,426.4	$	(835.6	)	$	1,017.1	$	2,610.8		$	371.8		$	2,982.6

Net income	—		—		—			35.5		35.5			1.9			37.4
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(73.0		)	—		(73.0		)	(11.6		)	(84.6		)
Total comprehensive (loss) income	—		—		(73.0		)	35.5		(37.5		)	(9.7		)	(47.2		)
Other changes in equity:
—Issuance of shares	—		0.1		—			—		0.1			—			0.1
—Share-based compensation	—		4.0		—			—		4.0			—			4.0
—Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	—		—		—			—		—			(9.5		)	(9.5		)
As of September 28, 2019	$	2.9	$	2,430.5	$	(908.6	)	$	1,052.6	$	2,577.4		$	352.6		$	2,930.0


																				Three months ended September 29, 2018

(dollars in millions)	Share capital		Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings		Total shareholders’ equity			Non- controlling interests			Total equity			Share capital		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings		Total shareholders’ equity		Non- controlling interests			Total equity
As of December 30, 2017	$	2.5	$	1,622.6		$	(747.4	)	$	136.9	$	1,014.6		$	413.8		$	1,428.4
As of June 30, 2018																				$	2.9	$	2,413.4	$	(809.2	)	$	246.7	$	1,853.8	$	402.7		$	2,256.5

Net income	—		—			—			169.7		169.7			18.9			188.6			—		—		—			59.9		59.9		6.8			66.7
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			(39.8		)	—		(39.8		)	(20.1		)	(59.9		)
Total comprehensive (loss) income	—		—			(39.8		)	169.7		129.9			(1.2		)	128.7
Other comprehensive income (loss)																				—		—		22.0			—		22.0		(13.1		)	8.9
Total comprehensive income (loss)																				—		—		22.0			59.9		81.9		(6.3		)	75.6
Other changes in equity:
—Issue of shares	0.4		841.2			—			—		841.6			—			841.6
—Issuance of shares																				—		0.4		—			—		0.4		—			0.4
—Share-based compensation	—		4.7			—			—		4.7			—			4.7			—		1.7		—			—		1.7		—			1.7
—Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	—		—			—			—		—			(23.3		)	(23.3		)	—		—		—			—		—		(7.1		)	(7.1		)
—Cost of shares issued	—		(53.0		)	—			—		(53.0		)	—			(53.0		)
As of September 29, 2018	$	2.9	$	2,415.5		$	(787.2	)	$	306.6	$	1,937.8		$	389.3		$	2,327.1		$	2.9	$	2,415.5	$	(787.2	)	$	306.6	$	1,937.8	$	389.3		$	2,327.1

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)



	Nine months ended September 28, 2019

(dollars in millions)	Share capital		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings		Total shareholders’ equity			Non- controlling interests			Total equity
As of December 29, 2018	$	2.9	$	2,416.9	$	(854.3	)	$	381.9	$	1,947.4		$	386.3		$	2,333.7

Net income (loss)	—		—		—			670.7		670.7			(2.0		)	668.7
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(54.3		)	—		(54.3		)	(7.8		)	(62.1		)
Total comprehensive (loss) income	—		—		(54.3		)	670.7		616.4			(9.8		)	606.6
Other changes in equity:
—Issuance of shares	—		1.7		—			—		1.7			—			1.7
—Share-based compensation	—		10.7		—			—		10.7			—			10.7
—Change in ownership of a controlled subsidiary	—		1.2		—			—		1.2			(1.2		)	—
—Shares issued by a subsidiary to a non-controlling interest	—		—		—			—		—			1.8			1.8
—Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	—		—		—			—		—			(24.5		)	(24.5		)
As of September 28, 2019	$	2.9	$	2,430.5	$	(908.6	)	$	1,052.6	$	2,577.4		$	352.6		$	2,930.0



	Nine months ended September 29, 2018

(dollars in millions)	Share capital		Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings		Total shareholders’ equity			Non- controlling interests			Total equity
As of December 30, 2017	$	2.5	$	1,622.6		$	(747.4	)	$	136.9	$	1,014.6		$	413.8		$	1,428.4

Net income	—		—			—			169.7		169.7			18.9			188.6
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			(39.8		)	—		(39.8		)	(20.1		)	(59.9		)
Total comprehensive (loss) income	—		—			(39.8		)	169.7		129.9			(1.2		)	128.7
Other changes in equity:
—Issuance of shares	0.4		841.2			—			—		841.6			—			841.6
—Share-based compensation	—		4.7			—			—		4.7			—			4.7
—Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	—		—			—			—		—			(23.3		)	(23.3		)
—Cost of shares issued	—		(53.0		)	—			—		(53.0		)	—			(53.0		)
As of September 29, 2018	$	2.9	$	2,415.5		$	(787.2	)	$	306.6	$	1,937.8		$	389.3		$	2,327.1

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gates Industrial Corporation plc

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Introduction

A. Background

Gates Industrial Corporation plc (the “Company”) is a public limited company that was organized under the laws of England and Wales on September 25, 2017. Prior to the completion of the initial public offering of the Company’s shares in January 2018, the Company undertook certain reorganization transactions such that Gates Industrial Corporation plc became the indirect owner of all of the equity interests in Omaha Topco ~~Limited~~Ltd. (“Omaha Topco”), and has become the holding company of the Gates business. The previous owners of Omaha Topco were various investment funds managed by affiliates of The Blackstone Group ~~L.P.~~Inc. (“Blackstone” or our “Sponsor”), and Gates management equity holders. These equity owners of Omaha Topco received depositary receipts representing ordinary shares in the Company in consideration for their equity in Omaha Topco, at a ratio of 0.76293 of our ordinary shares for each outstanding ordinary share of Omaha Topco. All share and per share amounts in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the effect of this ratio. The reorganization was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control and the net assets were recorded on the historical cost basis, in a manner similar to a pooling of interests, when Omaha Topco was contributed into the Company. Gates Industrial Corporation plc had no significant business transactions or activities prior to the date of the reorganization transactions, and as a result, the historical financial information for periods prior to those transactions reflects that of Omaha Topco.

In these condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, all references to “Gates,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer, ~~(1) prior to~~unless the completion of the reorganization transactions completed immediately prior to the initial public offering, to Omaha Topco and its consolidated subsidiaries and (2) after the completion of the reorganization transactions,context requires otherwise, to Gates Industrial Corporation plc and its consolidated ~~subsidiaries, as the case may be.~~subsidiaries.

B. Accounting periods

The Company prepares its annual consolidated financial statements for the period ending on the Saturday nearest December 31. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet is presented as of September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and December ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018 and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and shareholders’ equity are presented, where relevant, for the 9091 day period from June 30, 2019 to September 28, 2019, with comparative information for the 91 day period from July 1, 2018 to September 29, 2018 and for the 273 day period from December 30, 2018 to September 28, 2019, with comparative information for the ~~90 day period from July 2, 2017 to September 30, 2017 and the 272~~273 day period from December 31, 2017 to September 29, ~~2018, with comparative information for the 272 day period from January 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017.~~2018.

C. Basis of preparation

The condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and are presented in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. The condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and September ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year.

These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, except as noted below, have been prepared on substantially the same basis as Gates’ audited annual consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018 has been derived from those audited financial statements.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December ~~30, 2017, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP,~~29, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those applied in the prior year, except for the adoption on the first day of the ~~2018~~2019 fiscal year ~~(unless otherwise noted)~~ of the following new Accounting Standard Updates (each, an “ASU”):

~~ASU 2014-09 “Revenue From Contracts With Customers” (Topic 606): Revenue Recognition~~

~~ASU 2016-08 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)~~

~~ASU 2016-10 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing~~

~~ASU 2016-12 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients~~

~~ASU 2016-20 “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~”

~~ASU 2017-13 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs~~

~~ASU 2017-14 “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)~~”

~~In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~”~~(Topic 606) (“Topic 606”). Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition~~”~~(Topic 605)~~(“Topic 605”), and requires the recognition of revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the considerations to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standards update provides a single, principles-based, five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. The five steps are: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The ASU also sets out requirements to disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Subsequent to issuing this ASU, the FASB issued several amendments, listed above, which provide clarification, additional guidance, practical expedients and technical corrections.

We adopted the requirements of Topic 606 as of December 31, 2017, the first day of our 2018 fiscal year, utilizing the modified retrospective method of transition. We have therefore not made any changes to the comparative information which continues to be reported under the prior guidance of Topic 605. As part of the implementation process, we comprehensively reviewed our relationships with our customers and analyzed a number of areas of potential change under Topic 606, including the treatment and calculation of warranty expenses, rebates, branded products, and consignment sales. Management concluded that the impact of Topic 606 on each of these areas on the Company's financial statements was not significant for any of the periods presented or for any of the annual periods that will be included in the Company's 2018 annual consolidated financial statements. No significant changes in net sales or other items in the condensed consolidated financial statements have therefore been made for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018 in relation to the adoption of Topic 606.

Gates derives its net sales primarily from the sale of a wide range of power transmission and fluid power products and components for a large variety of industrial and automotive applications, both in the aftermarket and first-fit channels, throughout the world. Our products are sold in more than 100 countries across our four commercial regions: (1) the Americas; (2) Europe, Middle East & Africa (“EMEA”); (3) Greater China; and (4) East Asia and India. We have a long-standing presence in each of these regions, including our emerging markets, which include China, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and South America. We sell to a large variety of customers in many sectors of the industrial and consumer markets, with no significant exposure to any one customer or market.

~~In the substantial majority of our agreements with customers, we~~ consider accepted customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to represent the contracts with our customers. Revenue from the sale of goods under these contracts is measured at the invoiced amount, net of estimated returns, early settlement discounts and rebates. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to government authorities are excluded from revenues. Where a customer has the right to return goods, future returns are estimated based on historical returns profiles. Settlement discounts that may apply to unpaid invoices are estimated based on the settlement histories of the relevant customers. Our transactions prices often include variable consideration, usually in the form of rebates that may apply to issued invoices. The reduction in the transaction price for variable consideration requires that we make estimations of the expected total qualifying sales to the relevant customers. These estimates, including an analysis for potential constraint on variable consideration, take into account factors such as the nature of the rebate program, historical information and expectations of customer and consumer behavior. Overall, the transaction price is reduced to reflect our estimate of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract.

We allocate the transaction price to each distinct product based on their relative standalone selling price. The product price as specified on the accepted purchase order is considered to be the standalone selling price.

In substantially all of our contracts with customers, our performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, rather than over a period of time, when control of the product is transferred to the customer. This occurs typically at shipment. In determining whether control has transferred and the customer is consequently able to control the use of the product for their own benefit, we consider if there is a present right to payment, legal title has been transferred, and whether the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer. The majority of our net sales therefore continues to be recognized consistently with Topic 605, when products are shipped from our manufacturing or distribution facilities.

~~As part of our adoption of Topic 606, we elected to use the following practical expedients:~~


~~(i)~~	to exclude disclosures of transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations when we expect to recognize such revenue for all periods prior to the date of initial application of Topic 606;


~~(ii)~~	to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period would have been one year or less, which is the case in the substantial majority of our contracts with customers;


~~(iii)~~	~~not to assess whether a contract has a significant financing component (as our standard payment terms are less than one year);~~


~~(iv)~~	~~not to assess whether promised goods are performance obligations if they are immaterial in the context of the contract with the customer;~~


~~(v)~~	~~to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority and collected by Gates from a customer; and~~


~~(vi)~~	~~to account for shipping or handling activities occurring after control has passed to the customer as a fulfillment cost rather than as a performance obligation.~~

~~ASU 2016-15 “Statement of Cash Flows” (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~

~~ASU 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows” (Topic 230): Restricted Cash~~

In 2016, the FASB issued two ASUs that clarify the operating, investing and financing cash flow classifications when receiving or paying cash in certain situations including debt prepayments, distributions from equity method investees and proceeds from settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies.

In addition, the new requirement states that an entity should include restricted cash in the cash and cash equivalents line when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts in the statement of cash flows.

In accordance with the transition requirements of these ASUs, the presentation changes to the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows have been made retrospectively with comparative information restated accordingly. This resulted in the reclassification of a cash outflow of $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the payment of premiums paid under our corporate-owned life insurance policies from cash flow from operating activities to cash flows from investing activities. A similar amount is presented as an investing cash outflow for the nine months ended September 29, 2018. In addition, cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows included restricted cash of $1.6 million as of both September 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, and $1.6 million as of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

~~ASU 2017-07 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits” (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Costs and Net Periodic Post-retirement Benefit Cost~~

In March 2017, the FASB issued an ASU which requires that an employer report the service cost component of its net periodic pension and other post-retirement costs in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the relevant employees during the period. The other components of net periodic benefit cost (which include the interest cost, expected return on plan assets, gains or losses on settlements and curtailments, the amortization of any prior service cost or credit and prior year actuarial gains or losses) are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside of operating income from continuing operations.

Following adoption of this ASU, we continue to present the service cost component of our net periodic pension and other post-retirement benefit cost in the lines within operating income to which the relevant employees' other compensation costs are reported. All other components are now included in the other expenses line, outside of operating income from continuing operations. In accordance with the transition requirements of this ASU, these presentation changes to the statement of operations have been reflected retrospectively. We have adopted the practical expedient of using the amounts disclosed in our historical financial statements as the estimation basis for applying these retrospective presentation requirements. Please refer to note 14 for the components of the net periodic pension and other post-retirement costs that are now reported outside of operating income from continuing operations instead of within selling, general and administrative expenses.

~~ASU 2017-12 “Derivatives and Hedging” (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities~~

In August 2017, the FASB issued an ASU with the objective of improving the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 require an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. The new approach no longer separately measures and reports hedge ineffectiveness.

The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted in any interim period after issuance of ASU 2017-12. An entity should apply a cumulative effect adjustment related to eliminating the separate measurement of ineffectiveness to accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year that the entity adopts. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively.

~~Following an assessment of its impact, we have elected to early adopt this ASU during the third quarter of 2018. On adoption, there was no cumulative effect adjustment on retained earnings.~~

~~The following ASUs that were also adopted on the first day of the 2018 fiscal year did not have, and we believe will not have, a significant impact on our results, financial position or disclosures:~~

~~ASU 2016-01 “Financial Instruments” (Topic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities~~

~~ASU 2016-16 “Income Taxes” (Topic 740): Intra-entity Transfers of Assets other than Inventory~~

~~ASU 2017-01 “Business Combinations” (Topic 805): Clarifying the definition of a business~~

~~ASU 2017-09 “Stock Compensation” (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting~~

~~ASU 2018-03 “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall” (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities~~

This ASU provides technical corrections and clarifications on various items included in ASU 2016-01, which we have adopted as of the beginning of the 2018 fiscal year. Consistent with our adoption of ASU 2016-01, none of these technical corrections or clarifications have an impact on Gates.

~~2. Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted~~

~~The following recent accounting pronouncements are relevant to Gates’ operations but have not yet been adopted.~~

ASU 2016-02 “Leases” (Topic 842)

ASU 2018-10 “Leases” (Topic 842): Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases

ASU 2018-11 “Leases” (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements

ASU 2019-01 “Leases” (Topic 842): Codification Improvements

In February 2016, the ~~FASB~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an ASU which introduces a lessee model that will bring most leases of property, plant and equipment onto the balance sheet. It requires a lessee to recognize a lease obligation (present value of future lease payments) and also a ~~“right of use~~“right-of-use asset” for all ~~leases, although certain short-term leases are exempted from the standard.~~leases. The ASU introduces two models for the subsequent measurement of the lease asset and liability, depending on whether the lease qualifies as a “finance lease” or an “operating ~~lease”.~~lease.” This distinction focuses on whether or not effective control of the asset is being transferred from the lessor to the lessee.

The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this ASU, which will affect the recognition, measurement and presentation of leases, is expected to be material given the number and value of leases held. We are gathering and analyzing all relevant lease data and are continuing to evaluate the impact of the ASU.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which allows entities an additional, optional transition ~~method. Previously, Topic 842 was required to be adopted on a modified retrospective basis; however, entities now have the option~~method of ~~initially~~ applying the new leases standard at the adoption date ~~and recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption,~~ with comparative periods continuing to be presented in accordance with ~~current~~prior GAAP (Topic 840 ~~Leases)~~“Leases”). We ~~currently anticipate adopting~~have adopted Topic 842 using this ~~optional~~practical expedient, and, consequently, comparative information in these condensed consolidated financial statements has not been restated.

We applied the following additional practical expedients on transition ~~method.~~to Topic 842:


(i)	we did not reassess whether or not any expired or existing contracts were or contained leases;


(ii)	we did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases (i.e., all existing leases that were classified as operating leases continued to be classified as such under Topic 842, and all existing leases that were classified as capital leases continued to be classified as finance leases); and


(iii)	we did not reassess any initial direct costs for leases existing on the date of adoption of Topic 842.

On transition, we recognized a right-of-use asset of $126.0 million and a lease liability of $132.9 million, with the difference relating primarily to reclassifying deferred rent liabilities that existed under Topic 840 into the new right-of-use asset. Note 11 sets out disclosures related to Topic 842.

The following ASUs that were also adopted on the first day of the 2019 fiscal year did not have a significant impact on our results, financial position or disclosures:

ASU 2018-07 “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting

ASU 2018-16 “Derivatives and Hedging” (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes

In addition, we adopted ASU 2018-02 “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income” (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated OCI; however, we have not adopted the policy election outlined therein regarding the reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). The remaining stranded tax effects in OCI will be released upon recognition of the related deferred tax basis differences.

2. Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

The following recent accounting pronouncements are relevant to Gates’ operations but have not yet been adopted.

ASU 2016-13 “Financial Instruments” (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU which broadens the information that an entity must consider when developing its expected credit loss estimate for financial assets. The financial asset must be measured at the net amount expected to be collected.

The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this ASU, which may affect the recognition, measurement and presentation of financial assets, is still being evaluated.

ASU ~~2018-02 “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income” (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income~~

In February 2018, the FASB issued an ASU to address concerns about the guidance in current U.S. GAAP that requires deferred tax liabilities and assets to be adjusted for the effect of a change in tax laws or rates with the effect included in income from continuing operations in the reporting period that includes the enactment date. This concern stemmed from the U.S. federal government’s enactment of H.R.1, “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018,” known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), on December 22, 2017. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act.

The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act is recognized. The impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this ASU, which may affect the recognition, measurement and presentation of taxes, is still being evaluated.

~~ASU~~ 2018-13 “Fair Value Measurement” (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU to modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurement” including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments remove certain disclosures, clarify other disclosure requirements, and add new disclosure requirements that have been identified as relevant.

The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Most of the amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, but a few amendments should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. Early adoption is permitted and an entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of the ~~Update~~ASU and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this ASU, which will affect our fair value disclosures, is still being evaluated.

ASU 2018-14 “Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General” (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans

In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU to modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other post-retirement plans. The amendments remove certain disclosures, clarify other disclosure requirements, and add new disclosure requirements that have been identified as relevant.

The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, and should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this ASU, which will affect our disclosures, is still being evaluated.

ASU 2018-15 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software” (Subtopic 350-40): ~~Customer's~~Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract

In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU to help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement (hosting arrangement). The guidance permits capitalization of costs associated with the implementation of cloud-based software arrangements and aligns the criteria for capitalization with those for purchased or internally-generated computer software intangible assets. Implementation costs meeting the criteria for capitalization would not be classified as intangible assets but would instead be classified as prepaid expenses that are then amortized over the period of the arrangement as an additional expense consistent with the ongoing costs under the cloud computing arrangement.

The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted and entities may choose to apply the requirements either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this ASU, which may affect the recognition, measurement and presentation of cloud computing software arrangements, is still being evaluated.

3. Acquisitions

Description and financial effect of acquisitions

On April 26, 2018, Gates completed the acquisition of Rapro for $50.9 million, net of cash acquired. Rapro is a Turkey-based business that engineers, manufactures and sells molded and branched hoses and other products, the majority of which are sold into replacement markets. Rapro operates out of two facilities in Izmir, Turkey, with its products serving heavy-duty, commercial and light-vehicle applications.

~~On October 2, 2017, Gates completed the~~Goodwill of $34.4 million arose from this acquisition ~~of Atlas Hydraulics for $74.0 million, net of cash acquired. Atlas Hydraulics is a fully-integrated product engineering, manufacturing,~~ and commercial business headquartered in Ontario, Canada. With locations in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico, the company specializes in the design, manufacture, and supply of hydraulic tube and hose assemblies.

In June 2017, Gates purchased 100% of GTF Engineering and Services UK Limited, the owner of the majority of the net assets of Techflow Flexibles, for $36.7 million. Techflow Flexibles is a fully integrated engineering, manufacturing and commercial operation based in the United Kingdom that specializes in high-pressure flexible hoses.

~~During the nine months ended September 29, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Gates incurred expenses of $1.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively,~~ related ~~directly to these acquisitions, all of which are included in the transaction-related expenses line in the statement of operations.~~

~~The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are as follows:~~

(dollars in millions) Rapro Atlas Hydraulics Techflow Flexibles
Assets acquired
Accounts receivable $ 2.9
$ 10.3
$ 1.7
Inventories 5.5
21.2
4.2
Prepaid expenses and other receivables 1.5
0.5
1.7
Taxes receivable 0.1
2.7
—
Property, plant and equipment 1.8
24.5
13.0
Intangible assets 0.1
23.0
3.8
Total assets 11.9

82.2
24.4

Liabilities assumed
Bank loans 1.2
—
—
Accounts payable 3.7
5.5
2.6
Accrued expenses 0.3
2.4
4.8
Other current liabilities 1.8
11.6
0.3
Taxes payable 1.0
0.1
1.9
Deferred income taxes —
11.6
0.6
Total liabilities 8.0

31.2
10.2
Net assets acquired $ 3.9

$ 51.0
$ 14.2

~~Goodwill has been recognized as follows:~~

(dollars in millions) Rapro Atlas Hydraulics Techflow Flexibles
Consideration, net of cash acquired $ 50.9
$ 74.0
$ 36.7
Net assets acquired (3.9 ) (51.0 ) (14.2 )
Goodwill and provisional goodwill $ 47.0

$ 23.0
$ 22.5

~~The provisional goodwill of $47.0 million arising from the acquisition of Rapro relates~~ primarily to the expected benefit from the acceleration of our growth strategy within the Fluid Power product line and expansion of our product range and geographic coverage. ~~The acquisition is expected to accelerate our growth in replacement channels, particularly in emerging markets. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.~~

The acquisition accounting for Rapro’s inventories, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, certain liabilities and related tax balances has not been completed as of September 29, 2018, and the values associated with the acquisition accounting are therefore still subject to change. Accordingly, goodwill is provisional pending the finalization of the valuation of these net assets.

The goodwill of $23.0 million arising from the acquisition of Atlas Hydraulics relates primarily to the expansion of Gates’ presence in industrial markets through increased manufacturing capacity and geographic reach. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The goodwill of $22.5 million arising from the acquisition of Techflow Flexibles relates largely to the expected enhancement to Gates’ ability to make and supply long-length and large-diameter hoses, primarily for the oil & gas exploration and production industries. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Pro forma information has not been presented for ~~these acquisitions due to their size relative to Gates.~~this acquisition because it is not material.

4. Segment information

A. Background

Topic 280 “Segment Reporting” requires segment information provided in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the information that was provided to the chief operating decision maker for the purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and in assessing the performance of each segment. The chief executive officer (“CEO”) of Gates serves as the chief operating decision maker.

The segment information provided in these condensed consolidated financial statements reflects the information that is used by the chief operating decision maker for the purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and in assessing the performance of each segment. These decisions are based on net sales and Adjusted EBITDA (defined below).

Certain amounts relating to prior periods have been reclassified in this footnote to conform to the current year presentation.

B. Operating ~~Segments~~segments and segment assets

Gates manufactures a wide range of power transmission and fluid power products and components for a large variety of industrial and automotive applications, both in the aftermarket and first-fit channels, throughout the world.

Our reportable segments are identified on the basis of our primary product lines, as this is the basis on which information is provided to the CEO for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing the performance of Gates’ businesses. Our operating and reporting segments are therefore Power Transmission and Fluid Power.

Segment asset information is not provided to the chief operating decision maker and therefore segment asset information has not been presented. Due to the nature of Gates’ operations, cash generation and profitability are viewed as the key measures rather than an asset base measure.

C. ~~Disaggregated~~Segment net sales and disaggregated net sales

Sales between reporting segments and the impact of such sales on Adjusted EBITDA for each segment are not included in internal reports presented to the CEO and have therefore not been included below.



	Net Sales
	Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Power Transmission	$	474.4	$	512.5	$	1,475.4	$	1,608.1
Fluid Power	272.2		315.9		886.0		947.4
Continuing operations	$	746.6	$	828.4	$	2,361.4	$	2,555.5

The following table summarizes our net sales by key geographic ~~region:~~region of origin:


	Net Sales								Net Sales
	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
North America	$	404.6	$	345.9	$	1,213.3	$	1,049.0
EMEA	207.1		198.3		665.3		583.1
U.S.									$	284.3	$	326.0	$	909.6	$	973.5
North America, excluding the U.S.									85.1		85.5		263.3		260.4
United Kingdom (“U.K.”)									18.7		23.3		62.6		73.8
Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), excluding the U.K.									164.1		183.8		521.7		591.5
East Asia and India	95.9		98.3		296.9		287.8		87.9		95.9		274.2		296.9
Greater China	90.2		83.6		281.7		239.3		80.6		90.2		253.4		281.7
South America	30.6		34.5		98.3		100.7		25.9		23.7		76.6		77.7
Net Sales	$	828.4	$	760.6	$	2,555.5	$	2,259.9	$	746.6	$	828.4	$	2,361.4	$	2,555.5

The following table summarizes our net sales into emerging and developed markets:


	Net Sales								Net Sales
	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Developed	$	558.4	$	493.1	$	1,671.1	$	1,466.2	$	486.6	$	558.4	$	1,564.4	$	1,671.1
Emerging	270.0		267.5		884.4		793.7		260.0		270.0		797.0		884.4
Net Sales	$	828.4	$	760.6	$	2,555.5	$	2,259.9	$	746.6	$	828.4	$	2,361.4	$	2,555.5

D. Measure of segment profit or loss

The CEO uses Adjusted EBITDA, as defined below, to measure the profitability of each segment. Adjusted EBITDA is, therefore, the measure of segment profit or loss presented in Gates’ segment disclosures.

“EBITDA” represents net income for the period before net interest and other (income) expenses, income taxes, depreciation and amortization derived from financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA before certain items that are considered to hinder comparison of the performance of our businesses on a period-over-period basis or with other businesses. During the periods presented, the items excluded from EBITDA in computing Adjusted EBITDA primarily included:

the non-cash charges in relation to share-based compensation;

transaction-related expenses incurred in relation to business combinations and major corporate transactions, including acquisition integration activities;

~~the effect on cost of sales of fair value adjustments to the carrying amount of inventory acquired in business combinations;~~

impairments, comprising impairments of goodwill and significant impairments or write downs of other assets;

restructuring ~~expense;~~expenses;

the net gain or loss on disposals and on the exit of businesses; and

fees paid to our private equity sponsor for monitoring, advisory and consulting services.

~~E. Net sales and~~ Adjusted EBITDA ~~– continuing operations~~

~~Segment asset information is not provided to the chief operating decision maker and therefore~~by segment ~~asset information has not been presented. Due to the nature of Gates’ operations, cash generation and profitability are viewed~~was as ~~the key measures rather than an asset base measure.~~follows:


	Net Sales								Adjusted EBITDA
	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Power Transmission	$	512.5	$	499.9	$	1,608.1	$	1,496.3	$	99.7	$	119.0	$	315.2	$	377.6
Fluid Power	315.9		260.7		947.4		763.6		45.3		62.2		160.7		192.4
Continuing operations	$	828.4	$	760.6	$	2,555.5	$	2,259.9	$	145.0	$	181.2	$	475.9	$	570.0

Adjusted EBITDA
Three months ended Nine months ended
(dollars in millions) September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017 September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017
Power Transmission $ 119.0
$ 114.5
$ 377.6
$ 342.4
Fluid Power 62.2
49.6
192.4
153.7
Continuing operations $ 181.2
$ 164.1
$ 570.0

$ 496.1

~~Sales between reporting segments and the impact of such sales on Adjusted EBITDA for each segment are not included in internal reports presented to the CEO and have therefore not been included above.~~

Reconciliation of net income from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA:


	Three months ended					Nine months ended					Three months ended					Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net income from continuing operations	$	67.0	$	18.1		$	189.3	$	52.4		$	37.5		$	67.0	$	669.3		$	189.3
Income tax expense	7.2		15.9			30.4		32.9
Income tax expense (benefit)											4.4			7.2		(497.8		)	30.4
Income from continuing operations before taxes	74.2		34.0			219.7		85.3			41.9			74.2		171.5			219.7
Interest expense	40.2		55.0			139.8		179.0			37.2			40.2		114.5			139.8
Other expenses	3.4		10.9			17.5		46.7
Other (income) expenses											(2.4		)	3.4		(7.2		)	17.5
Operating income from continuing operations	117.8		99.9			377.0		311.0			76.7			117.8		278.8			377.0
Depreciation and amortization	53.7		52.0			163.3		158.2			55.1			53.7		167.4			163.3
Transaction-related expenses ⁽¹⁾	0.2		7.2			6.2		11.3			1.0			0.2		0.7			6.2
Impairment of intangibles and other assets	0.2		—			0.6		—			0.7			0.2		0.7			0.6
Restructuring expense	1.2		2.4			3.2		8.3
Share-based compensation	2.3		1.2			5.5		2.9
Restructuring expenses											0.3			1.2		3.9			3.2
Share-based compensation expense											4.1			2.3		10.5			5.5
Sponsor fees (included in other operating expenses)	1.9		1.5			5.9		4.5			1.1			1.9		4.9			5.9
Impact of fair value adjustment on inventory (included in cost of sales)	—		—			0.3		—			—			—		—			0.3
Non-recurring inventory adjustments (included in costs of sales)	—		—			0.8		—
Other operating expenses (income)	3.2		(0.1		)	6.6		(0.1		)
Other non-recurring adjustments (included in SG&A)	0.7		—			0.6		—
Inventory impairments and adjustments (included in cost of sales)											1.0			—		1.3			0.8
Duplicate expenses incurred on facility relocation											—			1.5		—			4.6
Severance-related expenses (included in cost of sales)											2.5			—		3.0			—
Other primarily severance-related expenses (included in SG&A)											1.8			0.7		3.0			0.6
Other operating expenses											0.7			1.7		1.7			2.0
Adjusted EBITDA	$	181.2	$	164.1		$	570.0	$	496.1		$	145.0		$	181.2	$	475.9		$	570.0


⁽¹⁾	Transaction-related expenses relate primarily to advisory fees recognized in respect of our initial public offering, the acquisition of businesses and costs related to other corporate transactions such as debt refinancings.

5. Restructuring and other strategic initiatives

Gates continues to undertake various restructuring ~~activities~~and other strategic initiatives to ~~streamline its operations, consolidate and take advantage~~drive increased productivity in all aspects of ~~available capacity and resources, and ultimately achieve net cost reductions. Restructuring activities~~our operations. These actions include efforts to ~~integrate~~consolidate our manufacturing and ~~rationalize Gates’ businesses~~distribution footprint, scale operations to current demand levels, combine back-office workgroups and to relocate certain operations to lower cost locations. ~~A majority~~Our recently completed manufacturing footprint investments and other productivity improvements in recent years have helped to position us to accelerate and expand upon our previously announced restructuring program, which is primarily intended to optimize our manufacturing and distribution footprint over the mid-term by removing structural fixed costs, and, to a lesser degree, to streamline our selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) back-office functions.

Overall costs associated with our restructuring and other strategic initiatives have been recognized in the condensed consolidated statements as set forth below. Expenses incurred in relation to certain of ~~the accrual for~~these actions qualify as restructuring ~~expense is expected to be utilized during 2018 and 2019.~~expenses under U.S. GAAP.



	Three months ended					Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Restructuring expenses:
—Severance	$	0.4		$	0.1	$	3.3		$	—
—Professional fees	0.1			0.8		1.4			3.0
—Other restructuring (benefits) expenses	(0.2		)	0.3		(0.8		)	0.2
	0.3			1.2		3.9			3.2
Restructuring expenses in cost of sales:
—Impairment of inventory	1.0			—		1.3			—
Total restructuring expenses	$	1.3		$	1.2	$	5.2		$	3.2

Expenses related to other strategic initiatives:
—Severance costs included in cost of sales	$	2.5		$	—	$	3.0		$	—
—Severance costs included in SG&A	1.8			0.9		3.0			0.3
—Impairment of fixed assets	0.7			—		0.7			—
Total expenses related to other strategic initiatives	$	5.0		$	0.9	$	6.7		$	0.3

Restructuring ~~expense of $1.2 million was recognized~~and other strategic initiatives undertaken during the three months ended September ~~29, 2018, relating~~28, 2019 related primarily to reductions in force, particularly in the U.S. and Asia, and impacts from facility closures and consolidations, primarily the impairment of inventory and fixed assets. Expenses incurred during the prior year period in connection with our restructuring and other strategic initiatives related primarily to the reorganization of our European corporate center and a strategic restructuring of part of our Asian business. ~~Restructuring expense of $2.4 million was recognized during the prior year period, including $1.9 million in relation to severance costs, largely in the U.S. and Europe.~~

Restructuring ~~expense of $3.2 million was recognized~~and other strategic initiatives undertaken during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018, predominantly~~28, 2019 related primarily to reductions in force, across all regions and impairments of inventory and fixed assets related to facility closures in countries including France, the ~~second quarter~~U.S., Turkey and Australia. An additional $1.4 million of ~~2018,~~professional fees were incurred during the current period, relating primarily to the closure of one of our facilities in France, the reorganization of our European corporate center, and a strategic restructuring of part of our Asian business. Expenses incurred during the prior year period in connection with our restructuring and other strategic initiatives also related primarily to the items described above. ~~Restructuring expense of $8.3 million was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, including $6.1 million in relation to severance costs, largely in the U.S., Europe and China.~~

Restructuring ~~expense~~activities

As indicated above, restructuring expenses, as defined under U.S. GAAP, form a subset of our total expenses related to restructuring and other strategic initiatives. These expenses include the impairment of inventory, which is recognized in ~~the condensed consolidated statements~~cost of ~~operations for each~~sales. Analyzed by segment, our restructuring expenses were as follows:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Power Transmission	$	0.9	$	1.5	$	2.1	$	5.6	$	0.3	$	0.9	$	3.5	$	2.1
Fluid Power	0.3		0.9		1.1		2.7		1.0		0.3		1.7		1.1
Continuing operations	$	1.2	$	2.4	$	3.2	$	8.3	$	1.3	$	1.2	$	5.2	$	3.2

The following summarizes the reserve for restructuring ~~activity~~expenses for the nine month periods ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and September ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, respectively:


							Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018			As of September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$	8.6		$	5.0		$	2.6		$	8.6
Utilized during the period	(8.3		)	(7.1		)	(4.0		)	(8.3		)
Net charge for the period	3.5			6.5			3.9			3.5
Released during the period	(0.3		)	(0.1		)	—			(0.3		)
Foreign currency translation	0.1			0.1			(0.1		)	0.1
Balance as of the end of the period	$	3.6		$	4.4		$	2.4		$	3.6

Restructuring reserves, the majority of which are expected to be utilized during the remainder of 2019 and in 2020, are included in the ~~accompanying~~ condensed consolidated balance sheet as follows:


(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018		As of September 30, 2017		As of September 28, 2019		As of September 29, 2018
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	3.4	$	3.9	$	2.4	$	3.4
Other non-current liabilities	0.2		0.5		—		0.2
	$	3.6	$	4.4	$	2.4	$	3.6

6. Income taxes

~~For interim~~We compute the year-to-date income tax ~~reporting we estimate~~provision by applying our estimated annual effective tax rate ~~and apply it~~ to our ~~year to date~~year-to-date pre-tax ~~income. The~~income and adjust for discrete tax ~~effects of unusual or infrequently occurring~~ items ~~including the effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported~~ in the ~~interim~~ period in which they occur.

For the three months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, we had an income tax expense of $4.4 million on pre-tax income of $41.9 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 10.5%, compared with an income tax expense of $7.2 million on pre-tax income of $74.2 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 9.7%~~, compared with~~ for the three months ended September 29, 2018. For the nine months ended September 28, 2019, we had an income tax ~~expense~~benefit of ~~$15.9~~$497.8 million on pre-tax income of ~~$34.0~~$171.5 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of ~~46.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 29, 2018, we had~~(290.3%) compared with an income tax expense of $30.4 million on pre-tax income of $219.7 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 13.8% ~~compared with an income tax expense of $32.9 million on pre-tax income of $85.3 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 38.6%~~ for the nine months ended September ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018.

The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year period was primarily the result of a $5.3 million increase in discrete tax expense related to changes in previously released valuation allowances during the year, offset by an $8.0 million reduction in tax on ordinary operations.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the ~~three and~~ nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year ~~periods~~period was due primarily to the ~~beneficial impact~~recognition of a discrete benefit of $605.1 million related to the ~~change~~release of valuation allowances, which occurred during the first quarter, in ~~our geographical mix~~certain jurisdictions where it was determined that the realization of ~~earnings,~~deferred tax assets was more likely than not. This benefit was offset partially by a discrete expense of $25.1 million related to the reduction in the Luxembourg corporate tax rate, which occurred during the second quarter, as well as a discrete expense of $65.6 million related to unrecognized tax benefits resulting primarily from the European business reorganization (the “Reorganization”), which occurred during the first quarter. In addition, during the prior year period, there was $21.1 million of non-operating costs for which no tax benefit was recognized, and there were no similar costs in ~~2017 included a non-operating loss that was not subject~~the current period, which also contributed to ~~tax. In 2018 our~~the comparative reduction in the effective tax ~~rate included the benefit of global restructuring which helped offset the adverse impacts of the 2017~~rate.

Deferred Tax ~~Cuts~~Assets and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act”). Primary factors of the Tax Act that increased our effective tax rate include the decrease in the U.S. tax rate, the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) and global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). These increases were partially offset by the incentive for foreign-derived intangible income. The three-month period ending September 29, 2018 was reduced further by $5.7 million of discrete items, which included an adjustment to the measurement period provisional estimate associated with the Tax Act.Liabilities

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Act. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we recorded a provisional benefit of $118.2 million in accordance with SAB 118 for the income tax effects of the Tax Act. The provisional estimate included $153.7 millionWe recognize deferred tax ~~benefit~~assets and liabilities for ~~revaluing our deferred~~future tax consequences arising from differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities ~~from~~under U.S. GAAP and their respective tax bases, and for net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. We evaluate the U.S. Corporate tax rate of 35% to 21%. For the three months ended September 29, 2018 we recorded a measurement period adjustment of $0.8 million to income tax expense and deferred tax for the revaluationrecoverability of our deferred tax ~~liabilities. The provisional estimate also included $33.6 million~~assets, weighing all positive and negative evidence, and are required to establish or maintain a valuation allowance for these assets if we determine that it is more likely than not that some or all of ~~tax expense for the estimated cost of the mandatory repatriation of non-U.S. earnings, including changes in~~ the deferred tax ~~liability related~~assets will not be realized. The weight given to the ~~amount~~evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the evidence can be objectively verified. If negative evidence exists, positive evidence is necessary to support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed.

Our framework for assessing the recoverability of ~~earnings not indefinitely reinvested. For~~deferred tax assets requires us to weigh all available evidence, including:

taxable income in prior carry back years if carry back is permitted under the ~~three months ended September 29, 2018 we recorded a measurement period adjustment~~relevant tax law;

future reversal of ~~$3.0 million to~~existing temporary differences;

tax-planning strategies that are prudent and feasible; and

future taxable income ~~tax benefit for the estimated cost~~exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards.

After weighing all of the ~~mandatory deemed repatriation~~evidence, giving more weight to the evidence that was objectively verifiable, we determined that, as of ~~non-U.S. earnings. We will continue~~March 30, 2019, it was more likely than not that deferred tax assets in Luxembourg, the U.K., and the U.S. totaling $627.6 million were realizable. Accordingly, we discretely recognized $617.3 million of our deferred tax asset in the first quarter of 2019, while the remaining $10.3 million was to ~~update our calculations~~be recognized either during the year through the effective tax rate or in accumulated OCI as ~~additional required information is prepared and analyzed, interpretations and assumptions are refined, and additional guidance is issued.~~a cumulative translation adjustment.

The Tax Act established new provisions for GILTI and BEAT that taxes certain payments between U.S. corporations and their subsidiaries. We are subject to both the GILTI and BEAT provisions beginning January 1, 2018. For the period ended September ~~29, 2018, we have included the estimated impacts~~28, 2019 as a result of ~~both GILTI and BEAT~~changes in the ~~annual effective~~Luxembourg statutory tax ~~rate. However,~~rate, which occurred during the second quarter, further refinement of current year estimates and foreign currency movements, we reduced the recognition from $627.6 million to $570.1 million.

Included within the $570.1 million total deferred tax assets are deferred tax assets totaling $564.0 million related to €2.1 billion of indefinite lived net operating losses in Luxembourg for which our evaluation of the positive and negative evidence changed during the first quarter of 2019 due to the ~~complexity~~implementation of the Reorganization. The Reorganization was implemented in the first quarter of 2019 to centralize and strengthen regional operations in Europe, which thereafter became centrally managed from Luxembourg.

The positive evidence that existed in favor of releasing the allowance as of March 30, 2019 and ultimately outweighed the negative evidence included the following:

our profitability in Europe in 2018 and prior years and for the three months ended March 30, 2019, as well as our expectations regarding the sustainability of these ~~provisions, we continue~~profits;

the impact of the implementation in the quarter of the Reorganization, which created an expectation of future income in Luxembourg and, thereby, removed negative evidence that supported maintaining the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets as of December 29, 2018; and

the fact that our net operating loss carryforwards in Luxembourg are indefinite lived.

For the period ended September 28, 2019, the recognition of deferred tax assets in Luxembourg was reduced from $615.6 million to ~~monitor additional regulatory and administrative guidance~~$564.0 million primarily as a result of the reduction in the Luxembourg corporate tax rate from 18% to ~~further refine~~17%, which occurred during the ~~impacts.~~

~~We have recorded valuation allowances against certain~~second quarter. This resulted in a $25.1 million reduction in the previously reported value of our deferred tax asset. The remaining $26.5 million reduction is the result of changes in foreign currency translation during the current period.

Further, as a result of additional financing income realized in the first quarter of 2019 that created taxable profits in the U.K., combined with our estimate that the financing income is likely to remain as a source of income through 2024, our judgment changed regarding valuation allowances totaling $6.2 million related to indefinite lived net operating losses in the U.K. For the period ended September 28, 2019, further refinement of estimated U.K. taxable profits resulted in a reduction of the valuation allowance release related to indefinite lived net operating losses from $6.2 million to $3.4 million.

Finally, as a result of changes in estimates of future taxable profits in the first quarter of 2019, our judgment changed regarding the realizability of $4.3 million of U.S. foreign tax credits with related recorded valuation allowances. For the period ended September 28, 2019, further refinement of estimated U.S. foreign tax credits expected to be utilized in the current year reduced the realizability of U.S. foreign tax credit carry forwards from $4.3 million to $2.7 million, as U.S. foreign tax credits generated in the current year must be utilized before U.S. foreign tax credit carry forwards.

As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to the future realization of deferred tax assets. We will maintain our positions with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets, ~~and~~including those with respect to which we ~~intend to~~ continue maintaining ~~such~~ valuation allowances, until there is sufficient new evidence to support a change in expectations. Such a change in expectations could arise due to many factors, including those impacting our forecasts of future earnings, as well as changes in the ~~reduction~~international tax laws under which we operate and tax planning. It is not reasonably possible to forecast any such changes at the present time, but it is possible that, should they arise, our view of ~~all or some portion~~their effect on the future realization of these allowances. However, we believe there is a reasonable possibility that within the next 12 months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to conclude that a portion of these valuation allowances will no longer be required. A reduction in valuation allowances would result in an increase in our net deferred tax assets ~~and a corresponding non-cash decrease in income tax expense in the period in which the reduction is recorded. The exact timing and amount of any such reduction is subject to change based on~~may impact materially our ~~continued evaluation of the Tax Act implications and associated tax planning, and may be material.~~consolidated financial statements.

7. Earnings per share

Basic ~~income~~earnings per share represents net income attributable to shareholders divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted ~~income~~earnings per share considers the dilutive effect of potential shares, unless the inclusion of the potential shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. The treasury stock method is used to determine the potential dilutive shares resulting from assumed exercises of equity-related instruments.

The computation of ~~net income~~earnings per share is presented below:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions, except share numbers and per share amounts)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Net income attributable to shareholders	$	59.9	$	13.2	$	169.7	$	32.5	$	35.5	$	59.9	$	670.7	$	169.7

Weighted average number of shares outstanding	289,783,061		245,483,659		284,750,794		245,535,788		290,109,231		289,783,061		290,032,416		284,750,794
Dilutive effect of share-based awards (number of shares)	8,670,885		9,646,966		8,705,430		7,785,383
Dilutive effect of share-based awards									1,003,871		8,670,885		1,634,515		8,705,430
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	298,453,946		255,130,625		293,456,224		253,321,171		291,113,102		298,453,946		291,666,931		293,456,224

Basic net income per share	$	0.21	$	0.05	$	0.60	$	0.13
Diluted net income per share	$	0.20	$	0.05	$	0.58	$	0.13
Basic earnings per share									$	0.12	$	0.21	$	2.31	$	0.60
Diluted earnings per share									$	0.12	$	0.20	$	2.30	$	0.58

For the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, ~~and September 30, 2017,~~ shares totaling ~~605,164~~3,623,701 and ~~180,540,~~605,164, respectively, were excluded from the diluted ~~income~~earnings per share calculation because they were anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, ~~and September 30, 2017,~~ shares totaling ~~610,039~~3,686,986 and ~~180,540~~610,039 shares, respectively, were excluded from the diluted ~~income~~earnings per share calculation because they were anti-dilutive.

8. Inventories


(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018		As of December 30, 2017		As of September 28, 2019		As of December 29, 2018
Raw materials and supplies	$	156.1	$	128.0	$	129.3	$	152.1
Work in progress	38.5		32.8		36.6		38.4
Finished goods	332.2		296.3		341.9		347.1
Total inventories	$	526.8	$	457.1	$	507.8	$	537.6

9. Goodwill

(dollars in millions) Power
Transmission Fluid
Power Total
Cost and carrying amount
As of December 30, 2017 $ 1,430.2
$ 655.3
$ 2,085.5
Acquisitions —
48.2
48.2
Foreign currency translation (36.5 ) (3.4 ) (39.9 )
As of September 29, 2018 $ 1,393.7
$ 700.1
$ 2,093.8

Included in the acquisitions line above is $47.0 million of provisional goodwill arising from the acquisition of Rapro. An additional $1.2 million of goodwill was recognized during the second quarter of 2018 on finalization of the purchase accounting for the Atlas acquisition.



(dollars in millions)	Power Transmission			Fluid Power			Total
Cost and carrying amount
As of December 29, 2018	$	1,374.1		$	671.8		$	2,045.9
Foreign currency translation	(18.4		)	(3.4		)	(21.8		)
As of September 28, 2019	$	1,355.7		$	668.4		$	2,024.1

10. Intangible assets


	As of September 29, 2018							As of December 30, 2017							As of September 28, 2019							As of December 29, 2018
(dollars in millions)	Cost		Accumulated amortization and impairment			Net		Cost		Accumulated amortization and impairment			Net		Cost		Accumulated amortization and impairment			Net		Cost		Accumulated amortization and impairment			Net
Finite-lived:
—Customer relationships	$	2,025.9	$	(509.7	)	$	1,516.2	$	2,051.1	$	(424.4	)	$	1,626.7	$	1,998.4	$	(618.8	)	$	1,379.6	$	2,017.4	$	(534.8	)	$	1,482.6
—Technology	90.7		(86.8		)	3.9		90.8		(86.2		)	4.6		90.5		(87.5		)	3.0		90.6		(87.0		)	3.6
—Capitalized software	59.6		(27.1		)	32.5		48.3		(22.2		)	26.1		71.6		(35.4		)	36.2		64.2		(29.2		)	35.0
	2,176.2		(623.6		)	1,552.6		2,190.2		(532.8		)	1,657.4		2,160.5		(741.7		)	1,418.8		2,172.2		(651.0		)	1,521.2
Indefinite-lived:
—Brands and trade names	513.4		(44.0		)	469.4		513.4		(44.0		)	469.4		513.4		(44.0		)	469.4		513.4		(44.0		)	469.4
Total intangible assets	$	2,689.6	$	(667.6	)	$	2,022.0	$	2,703.6	$	(576.8	)	$	2,126.8	$	2,673.9	$	(785.7	)	$	1,888.2	$	2,685.6	$	(695.0	)	$	1,990.6

During the three months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, the amortization expense recognized in respect of intangible assets was ~~$32.3~~$32.4 million, compared with ~~$31.8~~$32.3 million for the three months ended September ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018. In addition, movements in foreign currency exchange rates resulted in a decrease in the net carrying value of total intangible assets of $21.0 million for the three months ended September 28, 2019, compared with a decrease of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 29, ~~2018, compared with an increase of $16.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.~~2018.

During the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, the amortization expense recognized in respect of intangible assets was ~~$98.0~~$97.5 million, compared with ~~$98.3~~$98.0 million for the nine months ended September ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018. In addition, movements in foreign currency exchange rates resulted in a decrease in the net carrying value of total intangible assets of $13.0 million for the nine months ended September 28, 2019, compared with a decrease of $18.9 million for the nine months ended September 29, ~~2018, compared with an increase of $76.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~2018.

11. Leases

A. Overview

As discussed in note 1, at the beginning of our 2019 fiscal year, we adopted new lease accounting guidance under Topic 842 “Leases”, which brings most leases of property, plant and equipment onto the balance sheet. It requires a lessee to recognize a lease obligation (present value of future lease payments) and also a “right-of-use asset” for all leases, although certain short-term leases are exempted from the standard.

Under Topic 842, we evaluate our contracts and supply arrangements and conclude that they contain a lease at inception where (i) a tangible asset is explicitly or implicitly identified in the contract, (ii) we use the same asset identified over the course of the agreement, (iii) we obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the underlying asset, and (iv) we direct how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract. Leases are typically recognized on the balance sheet at their commencement date. However, if we take legal possession and have control over the asset before the commencement date, we would recognize the lease on the balance sheet at the earlier date.

Gates has over 1,000 leases covering a wide variety of tangible assets that are used in our operations across the world. The value of our global leases is concentrated in approximately 80 real estate leases, which accounted for approximately 88% of the lease liability under non-cancellable leases as of September 28, 2019. The remaining leases are predominantly comprised of equipment and vehicle leases.

Options to extend or terminate leases

In determining the lease term, we consider various economic factors, including real estate strategies, the nature, length and underlying terms of the agreement, as well as the uncertainty of the condition of leased equipment at the end of the lease term. Based on these factors, where a contract has a renewal option, we generally assume with reasonable certainty that we will renew real estate leases and will not renew equipment, vehicles or any other leases.

Variable payments

We sometimes make payments under our lease agreements that are excluded from the measurement of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are recognized instead as variable payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. These costs include common area maintenance, insurance, taxes, utility costs, etc. A number of our leases, particularly real estate leases, include base rent escalation clauses. The majority of these are based on the change in a local consumer price or similar index. Payments that vary based on an index or rate are included in the measurement of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at the rate as of the commencement date with any subsequent changes to those payments being recognized as variable payments in the period in which they occur.

Residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants, and leases that have not yet commenced

Gates does not have any significant leases containing residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants. Additionally, as of September 28, 2019, there were no significant new leases that have not yet commenced.

B. Significant assumptions and judgments

Discount rate

The discount rate used to calculate the present value of the future minimum lease payments is the rate implicit in the lease, when readily available. As most of our leases do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, we discount the future minimum lease payments using an incremental borrowing rate which represents the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. We determine this rate at a country or lower level and take into account factors including currency, country risk premium, industry risk and adjustments for collateralized debt. Appropriate yield curves are used to derive different debt tenors to approximate the applicable lease term.

The discount rate is reassessed when there is a remeasurement of the lease liability, which happens predominantly when there is a contract modification and that modification does not result in a separate contract.

Elections and practical expedients

The following practical expedients have been adopted as part of our accounting policy on leases:


(i)	we will not separate the lease component from the non-lease component for all asset classes. We have therefore not allocated consideration in a contract between lease and non-lease components; and


(ii)	we recognize the payments on short-term leases (leases with terms at inception of 12 months or fewer) in net income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. No amount is recognized on the balance sheet with respect to these leases.

C. Quantitative disclosures



(dollars in millions)	Three months ended September 28, 2019		Nine months ended September 28, 2019
Lease expenses
Operating lease expenses	$	7.6	$	22.6
Finance lease amortization expenses	0.1		0.2
Short-term lease expenses	1.3		3.2
Variable lease expenses	2.2		4.9
Sublease income	—		(0.1		)
Total lease expenses	$	11.2	$	30.8

Other information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4.6	$	6.6

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
—Operating cash flows from operating leases			$	20.1
—Financing cash flows from finance leases			0.3
			$	20.4
Weighted-average remaining lease term — finance leases			9.0 years
Weighted-average remaining lease term — operating leases			10.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate — finance leases			2.6		%
Weighted-average discount rate — operating leases			5.7		%

Maturity analysis of liabilities



(dollars in millions)	Operating leases		Finance leases ⁽¹⁾
Next 12 months	$	25.3	$	0.5
Year 2	21.1		0.5
Year 3	17.3		0.5
Year 4	14.4		0.3
Year 5	12.6		—
Year 6 and beyond	83.7		—
Total lease payments	174.4		1.8
Interest	46.7		0.1
Total present value of lease liabilities	$	127.7	$	1.7


⁽¹⁾	Although our finance leases have a weighted average remaining lease term of 9.0 years, the primary lease includes a ten year rent-free period at the end of the contract such that there will be no lease payments made beyond December 2022.

Balance sheet presentation of leases as of September 28, 2019



(dollars in millions)	Operating leases		Finance leases
Right-of-use assets	$	117.3	$	3.0

Short-term lease liabilities (included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities”)	$	19.2	$	0.9
Long-term lease liabilities	108.5		0.8
Total lease liabilities	$	127.7	$	1.7

Right-of-use assets arising under finance leases are presented in the property, plant and equipment, net line item in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Topic 840 Disclosures

Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases that had initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 29, 2018 were as follows:



(dollars in millions)	Operating leases		Finance leases		Total
Fiscal year
2019	$	25.0	$	0.3	$	25.3
2020	21.3		0.3		21.6
2021	18.2		0.3		18.5
2022	14.4		0.3		14.7
2023	12.6		0.4		13.0
2024 and beyond	86.5		0.4		86.9
Total	$	178.0	$	2.0	$	180.0

12. Derivative financial instruments

We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. From time to time, we use derivative financial instruments, principally foreign currency swaps, forward foreign currency contracts, interest rate caps (options) and interest rate swaps, to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. We do not hold or issue derivatives for speculative purposes and monitor closely the credit quality of the institutions with which we transact.

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. We designate certain of our currency swaps as net investment hedges and designate our interest rate caps and interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. The gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument is recognized in OCI and reclassified into net income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

~~All other derivative~~Derivative instruments that have not been designated in an effective hedging relationship are considered economic hedges, and their change in fair value is recognized in net income in each period.

The ~~following table sets out~~period end fair values of derivative financial instruments were as follows:



	As of September 28, 2019													As of December 29, 2018
(dollars in millions)	Prepaid expenses and other assets		Other non- current assets		Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			Other non- current liabilities			Net			Prepaid expenses and other assets		Other non- current assets		Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			Other non- current liabilities			Net
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
—Currency swaps	$	4.6	$	—	$	—		$	(14.1	)	$	(9.5	)	$	5.4	$	—	$	—		$	(27.5	)	$	(22.1	)
—Interest rate caps	—		—		(4.8		)	(3.2		)	(8.0		)	3.5		1.6		—			(10.9		)	(5.8		)
—Interest rate swaps	—		—		(2.0		)	(33.8		)	(35.8		)	—		—		(0.3		)	(2.6		)	(2.9		)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
—Currency swaps	0.1		—		—			—			0.1			—		—		—			—			—
—Currency forward contracts	1.3		—		(0.5		)	—			0.8			1.3		—		(0.4		)	—			0.9
	$	6.0	$	—	$	(7.3	)	$	(51.1	)	$	(52.4	)	$	10.2	$	1.6	$	(0.7	)	$	(41.0	)	$	(29.9	)

A. Instruments designated as net investment hedges

We hold cross currency swaps that have been designated as net investment hedges of certain of our European operations. As of September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, the notional principal amount of these contracts was $270.0 million. During July 2019, we extended the maturity of these contracts from March 2020 to March 2022. In addition, we have designated €75.5 million of our Euro-denominated debt as a net investment hedge of certain of our European operations.

The fair value ~~gain (loss)~~gains (losses) before tax recognized in OCI in relation to the instruments designated as net investment hedging ~~instruments:~~instruments were as follows:


	Three months ended					Nine months ended						Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Net fair value gain (loss) recognized in OCI in relation to:
Net fair value gains (losses) recognized in OCI in relation to:
—Euro-denominated debt	$	0.3	$	(17.9	)	$	(11.5	)	$	(60.5	)	$	3.2	$	0.3	$	2.5	$	(11.5	)
—Designated cross currency swaps	3.5		(8.2		)	16.2			(30.4		)	10.1		3.5		11.6		16.2
Total net fair value gain (loss)	$	3.8	$	(26.1	)	$	4.7		$	(90.9	)
Total net fair value gains												$	13.3	$	3.8	$	14.1	$	4.7

During the three ~~months ended September 29, 2018~~ and ~~the~~ nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, a net gain of ~~$0.7~~$1.9 million and a net gain of $6.1 million, respectively, was recognized in interest expense in relation to our cross currency swaps that have been designated as net investment ~~hedges.~~

~~The following table sets out the movement before tax recognized in OCI in relation to the interest rate derivatives:~~

Three months ended Nine months ended
(dollars in millions) September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017 September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017
Movement recognized in OCI in relation to:
—Fair value gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives $ 3.6
$ (0.2 ) $ 13.3
$ (6.4 )
—Deferred premium reclassified from OCI to net income 1.0
2.8
4.5
8.4
Total movement $ 4.6
$ 2.6
$ 17.8
$ 2.0

~~During~~hedges, compared with a net gain of $0.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 29, ~~2018, a net expense of $1.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively, was recognized in interest expense in relation to our~~2018.

B. Instruments designated as cash flow ~~hedges.~~

We do not designate our currency forward contracts, which are used primarily in respect of operational currency exposures related to payables, receivables and material procurement, as hedging instruments for the purposes of hedge accounting under Topic 815 “~~Derivatives and Hedging~~”. During the three months ended September 29, 2018, a net gain of $0.9 million was recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the fair valuation of these currency contracts, compared with a net loss of $5.4 million in the prior year period. During the nine months ended September 29, 2018, a net gain of $1.7 million was recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the fair valuation of these currency contracts, compared with a net loss of $8.4 million in the prior year period.

~~The fair values of derivative financial instruments were as follows:~~

As of September 29, 2018 As of December 30, 2017
(dollars in millions) Prepaid expenses and other assets Other non-
current
assets Accrued expenses and other
current
liabilities Other
non-
current
liabilities Net Prepaid expenses and other assets Other non-
current
assets Accrued expenses and other
current
liabilities
Other
non-
current
liabilities
Net
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
—Currency swaps $ 5.0
$ —
$ —
$ (32.3 ) $ (27.3 ) $ 3.2
$ —
$ —
$ (42.1 ) $ (38.9 )
—Interest rate caps 3.3
7.2
—
—
10.5
—
0.6
(3.8 ) (2.4 ) (5.6 )
—Interest rate swaps —
—
—
(1.6 ) (1.6 ) —
—
—
—
—

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
—Currency forward contracts 1.3
—
(0.3 ) —
1.0
0.5
—
(1.6 ) —
(1.1 )
$ 9.6

$ 7.2

$ (0.3 )
$ (33.9 )
$ (17.4 )
$ 3.7

$ 0.6

$ (5.4 )
$ (44.5 )
$ (45.6 )

~~A. Currency derivatives~~

As of September 29, 2018, the notional amount of outstanding currency forward contracts that are used to manage operational foreign exchange exposures was $109.4 million, compared with $99.2 million as of December 30, 2017, none of which have been designated as hedging instruments. In addition, we hold cross currency swaps that have been designated as net investment hedges. As of September 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, the notional principal amount of these contracts was $270.0 million.

~~B. Interest rate caps and interest rate swaps~~hedges

We use interest rate ~~caps~~swaps and interest rate ~~swaps~~caps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. ~~Interest rate caps~~These instruments are all designated as cash flow ~~hedges~~hedges. As of September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, we held three pay-fixed, receive-floating interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $870.0 million, which run from June 30, 2020 through June 30, 2023. Our interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable rate payments from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for a premium. ~~On June 7, 2018, we entered into two new interest rate caps with a notional amount of €425.0 million which run from July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2023.~~ As of September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, the notional amount of the interest rate cap contracts outstanding was $1.7 billion and $2.7 billion, ~~compared with $2.2 billion as of December 30, 2017.~~

respectively.

The periods covered by our interest rate caps and their notional values are as follows:

(in millions) Notional value
Covering current periods:
Through June 30, 2019 $ 1,000.0
Through June 30, 2020 $ 200.0
Covering future periods:
June 28, 2019 to June 30, 2020 $ 1,000.0
July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023 € 425.0



(in millions)	Notional value
June 30, 2017 to June 30, 2020	$	200.0
June 28, 2019 to June 30, 2020	$	1,000.0
July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023	€	425.0

~~Also on June 7, 2018, we entered into~~The movements before tax recognized in OCI in relation to our cash flow hedges were as follows:



	Three months ended					Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Movement recognized in OCI in relation to:
—Fair value (loss) gain on cash flow hedges	$	(4.9	)	$	3.6	$	(32.8	)	$	13.3
—Deferred premium reclassified from OCI to net income	0.9			1.0		1.2			4.5
Total movement	$	(4.0	)	$	4.6	$	(31.6	)	$	17.8

During the three ~~pay-fixed, receive-floating~~and nine months ended September 28, 2019, a net expense of $0.4 million and net expense of $1.2 million, respectively, was reclassified to interest ~~rate~~expense in relation to our cash flow hedges, compared with net expense of $1.0 million and net expense of $4.5 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018.

C. Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments

We do not designate our currency forward contracts, which are used primarily in respect of operational currency exposures related to payables, receivables and material procurement, or the currency swap contracts that are used to manage the currency profile of Gates’ cash as hedging instruments for the purposes of hedge accounting.

As of September 28, 2019, the notional principal amount of outstanding currency swaps that are used to manage the currency profile of Gates’ cash was $26.4 million, compared with ~~an aggregate~~$0 as of December 29, 2018.

As of September 28, 2019, the notional amount of ~~$870.0~~outstanding currency forward contracts that are used to manage operational foreign exchange exposures was $71.6 million, ~~which run from June 30, 2020 through June 30, 2023.~~compared with $108.0 million as of December 29, 2018.

The fair value gains recognized in net income in relation to derivative instruments that have not been designated as hedging instruments were as follows:



	Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Fair value gains recognized in relation to:
—Currency forward contracts recognized in SG&A	$	0.3	$	0.9	$	2.0	$	1.7
—Currency swaps recognized in other expenses	1.0		0.1		1.0		0.6
Total	$	1.3	$	1.0	$	3.0	$	2.3

~~12.~~13. Fair value measurement

A. Fair value hierarchy

We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes the following hierarchy for the inputs that are used in fair value measurement:

“Level 1” inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or ~~liabilities.~~liabilities;

“Level 2” inputs are those other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).; and

“Level 3” inputs are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are categorized in one of the three levels on the basis of the lowest-level input that is significant to its valuation.

B. Financial instruments not held at fair value

Certain financial assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value; however, items such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, revolving credit facilities and bank overdrafts generally attract interest at floating rates and accordingly their carrying amounts are considered to approximate fair value. Due to their short maturities, the carrying amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable are also considered to approximate their fair values.

The carrying amount and fair value of our debt are set out below:


	As of September 29, 2018				As of December 30, 2017				As of September 28, 2019				As of December 29, 2018
(dollars in millions)	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
Current	$	32.8	$	32.6	$	66.4	$	66.2	$	43.5	$	43.0	$	51.6	$	50.4
Non-current	2,962.7		2,997.2		3,889.3		3,970.7		2,909.8		2,903.2		2,953.4		2,873.2
	$	2,995.5	$	3,029.8	$	3,955.7	$	4,036.9	$	2,953.3	$	2,946.2	$	3,005.0	$	2,923.6

Debt is comprised principally of borrowings under the secured credit facilities and the unsecured senior notes. Loans under the secured credit facilities pay interest at floating rates, subject to a 1% LIBOR floor on the Dollar Term Loan and a 0% EURIBOR floor on the Euro Term Loan. Their principal amounts, derived from a market price, discounted for illiquidity, are considered to approximate fair value. The unsecured senior notes have fixed interest rates, are traded by “Qualified Institutional Buyers” and certain other eligible investors, and their fair value is derived from quoted market prices.

C. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table categorizes the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


(dollars in millions)	Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1)		Significant observable inputs (Level 2)			Total			Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1)		Significant observable inputs (Level 2)			Total
As of September 29, 2018
As of September 28, 2019
Available-for-sale securities	$	1.1	$	—		$	1.1		$	1.0	$	—		$	1.0
Derivative assets	$	—	$	16.8		$	16.8		$	—	$	6.0		$	6.0
Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	(34.2	)	$	(34.2	)	$	—	$	(58.4	)	$	(58.4	)

As of December 30, 2017
As of December 29, 2018
Available-for-sale securities	$	2.4	$	—		$	2.4		$	0.8	$	—		$	0.8
Derivative assets	$	—	$	4.3		$	4.3		$	—	$	11.8		$	11.8
Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	(49.9	)	$	(49.9	)	$	—	$	(41.7	)	$	(41.7	)

Available-for-sale securities represent equity securities that are traded in an active market and therefore are measured using quoted prices in an active market. Derivative assets and liabilities included in Level 2 represent foreign currency exchange forward and swap contracts, and interest rate ~~cap~~derivative contracts.

We value our foreign currency exchange derivatives using models consistent with those used by a market participant that maximize the use of market observable inputs including forward prices for currencies.

We value our interest rate derivative contracts using a widely accepted discounted cash flow valuation methodology that reflects the contractual terms of each derivative, including the period to maturity. The methodology derives the fair values of the derivatives using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future cash payments and the discounted expected receipts. The inputs used in the calculation are based on observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, implied volatilities and credit spreads.

We incorporate credit valuation adjustments, which consider the impact of any credit enhancements to the contracts, to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective ~~counterparty's~~counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.

Transfers between ~~Levels~~levels of the ~~Fair Value Hierarchy~~fair value hierarchy

During the periods presented, there were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2, and Gates had no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

D. Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

Gates has non-recurring fair value measurements related to certain assets, including goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant, and equipment. No significant impairment was recognized during either the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 or the year ended December ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018.

~~13.~~14. Debt

~~Long-term debt, including the current portion and bank overdrafts, was as follows:~~


(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018			As of December 30, 2017			As of September 28, 2019			As of December 29, 2018
Secured debt:
—Dollar Term Loan	$	1,716.4		$	1,729.4		$	1,703.4		$	1,716.4
—Euro Term Loan	753.7			785.6			704.3			742.1
Unsecured debt:
—Dollar Senior Notes	568.0			1,190.0			568.0			568.0
—Euro Senior Notes	—			282.5
—Other loans	0.7			0.4			0.2			0.6
Total principal of debt	3,038.8			3,987.9			2,975.9			3,027.1
Deferred issuance costs	(51.1		)	(73.2		)	(41.5		)	(48.7		)
Accrued interest	7.8			41.0			18.9			26.6
Total carrying value of debt	2,995.5			3,955.7			2,953.3			3,005.0
Debt, current portion	32.8			66.4			43.5			51.6
Debt, less current portion	$	2,962.7		$	3,889.3		$	2,909.8		$	2,953.4

Gates’ secured debt is jointly and severally, irrevocably and fully and unconditionally guaranteed by certain of its subsidiaries and ~~are~~is secured by liens on substantially all of their assets.

Gates is subject to covenants, representations and warranties under certain of its debt facilities. During the periods covered by these condensed consolidated financial statements, we were in compliance with the applicable financial covenants. Also under the agreements governing our debt facilities, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring certain additional indebtedness, making certain investments and paying certain dividends is dependent, in part, on our ability to satisfy tests based on measures determined under those agreements.

Debt redemptions

On January 31, 2018, ~~Gates~~we redeemed in full ~~its~~our outstanding €235.0 million Euro Senior Notes, plus interest accrued up to and including the redemption date of $0.7 million. The Euro Senior Notes were redeemed at a price of 102.875% and a redemption premium of $8.4 million was therefore paid in addition to the principal of $291.7 million.

In addition, on February 8 and February 9, 2018, ~~Gates~~we redeemed Dollar Senior Notes with a principal of $522.0 million and $100.0 million, respectively. Both of these calls were made at a price of 103.0%, incurring redemption premiums of $15.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively. Interest accrued of $2.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively, was also paid on these dates.

All of the above prepayments, totaling $913.7 million in principal, $27.0 million in redemption ~~premium~~premiums and $3.1 million in accrued interest, were funded primarily by the net proceeds from our initial public offering, ~~of $799.1 million,~~ with the remainder of the funds coming from ~~excess~~ cash on hand. As a result of these redemptions, the recognition of $15.4 million of deferred financing costs was accelerated and recognized in interest expense in the first three months of 2018.

In addition, in connection with ~~the~~certain reorganization transactions, ~~completed in connection with our initial public offering,~~ a wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary of Gates Global LLC, has entered into an intercompany ~~agreement~~agreements pursuant to which it became anthe principal obligor under the ~~Dollar~~Term Loans and Senior Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes and agreed to make future payments due on ~~the Dollar Senior Notes.~~these tranches of debt. As a result, interest ~~on the Dollar Senior Notes~~received by lenders of these debt tranches is U.S. source income.

Dollar and Euro Term Loans

~~Gates’~~Our secured credit facilities include a Dollar Term Loan credit facility and a Euro Term Loan credit facility that were drawn on July 3, 2014. The maturity date for each of the term loan facilities is March 31, 2024, with a springing maturity of April 15, 2022 if more than $500.0 million of the Dollar Senior Notes remain in issue at that time. These term loan facilities bear interest at a floating rate, which for U.S. dollar debt can be either a base rate as defined in the credit agreement plus an applicable margin, or at ~~Gates’~~our option, LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The Euro Term Loan bears interest at Euro LIBOR subject to a floor of 0%, plus a margin of 3.00%.

On January 29, 2018, the applicable margin on each of the term loans was lowered by 0.25% following the successful completion of our initial public offering. The Dollar Term Loan interest rate is currently LIBOR, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus a margin of 2.75%, and as of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, borrowings under this facility bore interest at a rate of ~~4.99%~~4.79% per annum. The Dollar Term Loan interest rate is re-set on the last business day of each month. As of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, the Euro Term Loan ~~bears~~bore interest at Euro LIBOR, which is currently below 0%, subject to a floor of 0%, plus a margin of 3.00%. The ~~next~~ Euro Term Loan interest rate is re-set ~~date is~~ on ~~December 31, 2018.~~the last business day of each quarter.

Both term loans are subject to quarterly amortization payments of 0.25%, based on the original principal amount less certain prepayments with the balance payable on maturity. During the nine months ended September 28, 2019, we made amortization payments against the Dollar Term Loan and the Euro Term Loan of $13.0 million and $5.5 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 29, 2018, we made amortization payments against the Dollar Term Loan and the Euro Term Loan of $13.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively. ~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we made amortization payments against the Dollar Term Loan and the Euro Term Loan of $15.0 million and $4.3 million, respectively.~~

Under the terms of the credit agreement, ~~Gates is~~we are obliged to offer annually to the term loan lenders an “excess cash flow” amount as defined under the agreement, based on the preceding year’s final results. Based on our ~~2017~~2018 results, the leverage ratio as defined under the credit agreement was below the threshold above which payments are required, and therefore no excess cash flow payment ~~was~~is required to be made in ~~2018.~~2019.

During the periods presented, foreign exchange gains ~~(losses)~~ were recognized in respect of the Euro Term Loans as summarized in the table below. As a portion of the facility was designated as a net investment hedge of certain of ~~Gates'~~our Euro investments, a corresponding portion of the foreign exchange gains (losses) were recognized in OCI.


	Three months ended					Nine months ended						Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Gain (loss) recognized in statement of operations	$	3.5	$	(14.0	)	$	32.6		$	(50.3	)
Gain recognized in statement of operations												$	24.5	$	3.5	$	29.8	$	32.6
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI	0.3		(9.5		)	(6.5		)	(29.7		)	3.2		0.3		2.5		(6.5		)
Total gains (losses)	$	3.8	$	(23.5	)	$	26.1		$	(80.0	)
Total gains												$	27.7	$	3.8	$	32.3	$	26.1

~~During~~Subsequent to our initial public offering, the ~~three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, the~~above net transactional foreign exchange gains recognized in the other (income) expenses line inof the condensed consolidated statement of operations have been substantially offset by net foreign exchange ~~losses~~movements on Euro-denominated intercompany loans as part of our overall hedging strategy.

Unsecured Senior Notes

As of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, there were $568.0 million of Dollar Senior Notes outstanding. These notes are scheduled to mature on July 15, 2022 and bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 6.00% with semi-annual interest payments. As noted above, on January 31, 2018, ~~Gates~~we redeemed in full ~~its~~our outstanding €235.0 million Euro Senior Notes and made partial redemptions of the Dollar Senior Notes totaling $622.0 million.

Up to the date of their redemption, foreign exchange losses of $9.2 million were recognized in respect of the Euro Senior ~~Notes as summarized in the table below. A portion of~~Notes. Of these losses, ~~were~~$5.0 million was recognized in OCI for the period during which the facility was designated as a net investment hedge of certain of ~~Gates'~~our Euro ~~investments.~~

investments, and $4.2 million was recognized in the statement of operations.

Three months ended Nine months ended
(dollars in millions) September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017 September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017
Loss recognized in statement of operations $ —
$ —
$ (4.2 ) $ —
Loss recognized in OCI —
(8.4 ) (5.0 ) (30.8 )
Total losses $ —
$ (8.4 ) $ (9.2 ) $ (30.8 )

~~Gates~~We may redeem the Dollar Senior Notes, at ~~its~~our option, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at ~~the following redemption prices (expressed as a percentage~~100% of ~~the~~their principal ~~amount),~~value, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption ~~date:~~



	~~Dollar Senior Note~~ ~~Redemption price~~
~~During the year commencing:~~
~~—July 15, 2018~~	~~101.500~~	%
~~—July 15, 2019 and thereafter~~	~~100.000~~	%

date.

In the event of a change of control over the Company, each holder will have the right to require Gates to repurchase all of such holder’s notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase, except to the extent that Gates has previously elected to redeem the notes.

Revolving credit facility

~~Gates~~We also ~~has~~have a secured revolving credit facility, maturing on January 29, 2023, that provides for multi-currency revolving loans up to an aggregate principal amount of $185.0 million, with a letter of credit sub-facility of $20.0 million. ~~In January 2018, the maturity date of this~~The facility ~~was extended to~~matures on January 29, 2023, with a springing maturity of April 15, 2022 if more than $500.0 million of the Dollar Senior Notes remain in issue at that time. ~~In addition, as part of this amendment, the facility size was increased from $125.0 million to $185.0 million.~~

As of both September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, ~~and December 30, 2017,~~ there were $0no drawings for cash under the revolving credit facility and there were no letters of credit outstanding.

Debt under the revolving credit facility bears interest at a floating rate, which can be either a base rate as defined in the credit agreement plus an applicable margin or, at ~~Gates’~~our option, LIBOR, plus an applicable margin.

Asset-backed revolver

~~Gates has~~We have a revolving credit facility backed by certain of ~~its~~our assets in North America. The facility allows for loans of up to a maximum of $325.0 million ($~~325.0~~309.2 million as of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, compared with ~~$293.7~~$325.0 million as of December ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, based on the values of the secured assets on those dates) with a letter of credit sub-facility of $150.0 million within this maximum. ~~In January 2018, the maturity date of this~~The facility ~~was extended to~~matures on January 29, 2023, with a springing maturity of April 15, 2022 if more than $500.0 million of the Dollar Senior Notes remain in issue at that time.

As of both September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, ~~and December 30, 2017,~~ there were $0no drawings for cash under the asset-backed ~~revolver.~~ revolver, but there were letters of credit outstanding of $50.2 million and $57.8 million, respectively.

Debt under the facility bears interest at a floating rate, which can be either a base rate as defined in the credit agreement plus an applicable margin or, at ~~Gates’~~our option, LIBOR, plus an applicable margin. ~~The letters of credit outstanding under the asset-backed revolver as of September 29, 2018 amounted to $56.7 million, compared with $58.0 million as of December 30, 2017.~~

~~14.~~15. Post-retirement benefits

Gates provides defined benefit pension plans in certain of the countries in which it operates, in particular, in the U.S. and U.K. All of the defined benefit pension plans are closed to new entrants. In addition to the funded defined benefit pension plans, Gates has unfunded defined benefit obligations to certain current and former employees.

Gates also provides other post-retirement benefits, principally health and life insurance coverage, on an unfunded basis to certain of its employees in the U.S. and Canada.

Net periodic benefit cost

The components of the net periodic benefit cost for pensions and other post-retirement benefits were as follows:


	Three months ended September 29, 2018									Three months ended September 30, 2017								Three months ended September 28, 2019									Three months ended September 29, 2018
(dollars in millions)	Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits			Total			Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits		Total			Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits			Total			Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits			Total
Reported in operating income:
—Employer service cost	$	1.3		$	—		$	1.3		$	1.4		$	—	$	1.4		$	1.3		$	—		$	1.3		$	1.3		$	—		$	1.3
Reported outside of operating income:
—Interest cost	5.8			0.6			6.4			8.0			0.9		8.9			5.8			0.6			6.4			5.8			0.6			6.4
—Expected return on plan assets	(5.6		)	—			(5.6		)	(7.1		)	—		(7.1		)	(7.0		)	—			(7.0		)	(5.6		)	—			(5.6		)
—Amortization of net actuarial gain	—			(0.1		)	(0.1		)	(0.2		)	—		(0.2		)
—Settlements	0.1			—			0.1			(4.2		)	—		(4.2		)
—Net amortization of prior period losses (gains)																		0.2			(0.3		)	(0.1		)	—			(0.1		)	(0.1		)
—Settlements and curtailments																		—			—			—			0.1			—			0.1
Net periodic benefit cost	$	1.6		$	0.5		$	2.1		$	(2.1	)	$	0.9	$	(1.2	)	$	0.3		$	0.3		$	0.6		$	1.6		$	0.5		$	2.1

Contributions	$	1.7		$	1.2		$	2.9		$	1.9		$	1.4	$	3.3		$	1.9		$	0.8		$	2.7		$	1.7		$	1.2		$	2.9


	Nine months ended September 29, 2018									Nine months ended September 30, 2017									Nine months ended September 28, 2019									Nine months ended September 29, 2018
(dollars in millions)	Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits			Total			Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits			Total			Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits			Total			Pensions			Other post-retirement benefits			Total
Reported in operating income:
—Employer service cost	$	4.0		$	—		$	4.0		$	4.2		$	—		$	4.2		$	4.1		$	—		$	4.1		$	4.0		$	—		$	4.0
Reported outside of operating income:
—Interest cost	17.7			1.7			19.4			23.8			2.3			26.1			17.6			1.7			19.3			17.7			1.7			19.4
—Expected return on plan assets	(17.0		)	—			(17.0		)	(21.2		)	—			(21.2		)	(20.9		)	—			(20.9		)	(17.0		)	—			(17.0		)
—Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)	0.1			(0.5		)	(0.4		)	—			(0.1		)	(0.1		)
—Settlements	0.4			—			0.4			(4.2		)	—			(4.2		)
—Net amortization of prior period losses (gains)																			0.6			(0.9		)	(0.3		)	0.1			(0.5		)	(0.4		)
—Settlements and curtailments																			(0.7		)	—			(0.7		)	0.4			—			0.4
Net periodic benefit cost	$	5.2		$	1.2		$	6.4		$	2.6		$	2.2		$	4.8		$	0.7		$	0.8		$	1.5		$	5.2		$	1.2		$	6.4

Contributions	$	5.7		$	3.2		$	8.9		$	6.3		$	3.8		$	10.1		$	5.3		$	2.8		$	8.1		$	5.7		$	3.2		$	8.9

The components of the above net periodic benefit cost for pensions and other post-retirement benefits that are reported outside of operating income are all included in the other (income) expenses line in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

For ~~2018~~2019 as a whole, we expect to contribute approximately ~~$5.5~~$4.6 million to our defined benefit pension plans and approximately ~~$6.1~~$6.7 million to our other post-retirement benefit plans.

16. Share-based compensation

The Company operates a share-based incentive plan over its shares to provide incentives to Gates’ senior executives and other eligible employees. During the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, we recognized a charge of $4.1 million and $10.5 million, compared with $2.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, in the prior year period.

Share-based incentive awards issued under the 2014 Omaha Topco Ltd. Stock Incentive Plan

Gates has a number of awards in issue under the 2014 Omaha Topco Ltd. Stock Incentive Plan, which was assumed by the Company and renamed the Gates Industrial Corporation plc Stock Incentive Plan in connection with our initial public offering in January 2018. No new awards have been granted under this plan since 2017. The options are split equally into four tiers, each with specific vesting conditions. Tier I options vest evenly over 5 years from the grant date, subject to the participant’s continuing to provide service to Gates on the vesting date. Tier II, III and IV options vest on achievement of specified investment returns by Blackstone at the time of a defined liquidity event, which is also subject to the participant’s continued provision of service to Gates on the vesting date. The performance conditions associated with Tiers II, III and IV must be achieved on or prior to July 3, 2022 in order for vesting to occur. All the options expire ten years after the date of grant.

Due to Chinese regulatory restrictions on foreign stock ownership, awards granted under this plan to Chinese employees have been issued as stock appreciation rights (“SARs”). The terms of these SARs are identical to those of the options described above with the exception that no share is issued on exercise; instead, cash equivalent to the increase in the value of the shares from the date of grant to the date of exercise is paid to the employee. These awards are therefore treated as liability awards under Topic 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation” and are revalued to their fair value at each period end.

In addition to the above, in 2017, under the same plan, the Company issued 76,293 restricted stock units (“RSUs”). These RSUs vest evenly over three years from the date of grant, subject to the participant’s continued provision of service to Gates on the vesting date. The awards expire ten years after the date of grant, in December 2027. There were no movements in these RSUs during the current period.

Changes in the awards granted under this plan are summarized in the tables below.

Share-based incentive awards issued under the Gates Industrial Corporation plc 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan

In conjunction with the initial public offering in January 2018, Gates adopted a new equity-based compensation plan, which is a market-based long-term incentive program that allows for the issue of a variety of equity-based and cash-based awards, including stock options, SARs and RSUs.

~~15.~~The SARs and the majority of the share options issued under this plan vest evenly over either three years or four years from the grant date. The remainder of the options, the premium-priced options, vest evenly over a three year period, starting two years from the grant date. All options vest subject to the participant’s continued employment by Gates on the vesting date and expire ten years after the date of grant.

The RSUs issued under the plan consist of time-vesting RSUs and performance-based RSUs (“PRSUs”). The time-vesting RSUs vest evenly over either one or three years from the date of grant, subject to the participant’s continued provision of service to Gates on the vesting date. The PRSUs provide that 50% of the award will generally vest if Gates achieves a certain level of average annual adjusted return on invested capital as defined in the plan (“Adjusted ROIC”) and the remaining 50% of the PRSUs will generally vest if Gates achieves certain relative total shareholder return (“Relative TSR”) goals, in each case, measured over a three year performance period and subject to the participant’s continued employment through the end of the performance period. The total number of PRSUs that vest at the end of the performance period will range from 0% to 200% of the target based on actual performance against a pre-established scale.

New awards and movements in existing awards granted under this plan are summarized in the tables below.

Summary of movements in options outstanding



	Nine months ended September 28, 2019
	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price $
Outstanding at the beginning of the period:
—Tier I	4,212,537		$	7.03
—Tier II	4,837,780		$	6.97
—Tier III	4,837,780		$	6.97
—Tier IV	4,837,780		$	10.46
—SARs	724,372		$	8.17
—Share options	582,717		$	17.14
	20,032,966		$	8.16
Granted during the period:
—SARs	71,150		$	16.46
—Share options	1,099,505		$	16.46
—Premium-priced options	796,460		$	19.00
	1,967,115		$	17.49
Forfeited during the period:
—Tier I	(102,135	)	$	6.62
—Tier II	(391,792	)	$	6.59
—Tier III	(391,792	)	$	6.59
—Tier IV	(391,792	)	$	9.88
—Share options	(44,895	)	$	17.03
	(1,322,406	)	$	7.92
Expired during the period:
—Share options	(1,250	)	$	17.72
	(1,250	)	$	17.72
Exercised during the period:
—Tier I	(257,322	)	$	6.58
	(257,322	)	$	6.58
Outstanding at the end of the period:
—Tier I	3,853,080		$	7.07
—Tier II	4,445,988		$	7.00
—Tier III	4,445,988		$	7.00
—Tier IV	4,445,988		$	10.51
—SARs	795,522		$	8.91
—Share options	1,636,077		$	16.69
—Premium-priced options	796,460		$	19.00
	20,419,103		$	9.10

Exercisable at the end of the period	2,838,515		$	7.36

As of September 28, 2019, the unrecognized compensation charge relating to the nonvested options other than Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV options, was $11.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years. The unrecognized compensation charge relating to the nonvested Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV options was $29.0 million, which will be recognized on occurrence of a liquidity event as described above.

During the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, cash of $0 and $1.6 million, respectively, was received in relation to the exercise of vested options. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019 was $0 and $2.0 million, respectively.

Summary of movements in RSUs and PRSUs outstanding



	Nine months ended September 28, 2019
	Number of awards		Weighted average grant date fair value $
Outstanding at the beginning of the period:
—RSUs	81,800		$	17.13
	81,800		$	17.13
Granted during the period:
—RSUs	728,436		$	16.28
—PRSUs	248,550		20.07
	976,986		$	17.25
Forfeited during the period:
—RSUs	(34,573	)	$	16.67
	(34,573	)	$	16.67
Vested during the period:
—RSUs	(19,250	)	$	17.21
	(19,250	)	$	17.21
Outstanding at the end of the period:
—RSUs	756,413		$	16.33
—PRSUs	248,550		20.07
	1,004,963		$	17.25

As of September 28, 2019, the unrecognized compensation charge relating to nonvested RSUs and PRSUs was $11.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years, subject, where relevant, to the achievement of the performance conditions described above. The aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs and PRSUs vested during the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019 was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Valuation of awards granted during the period

The fair value of the options at their grant date was measured using a Black-Scholes valuation model in the case of SARs and share options. RSUs are valued at the share price on the date of grant. The premium-priced options and PRSUs were valued using Monte Carlo simulations. The weighted average fair values and relevant assumptions were as follows:



	Nine months ended September 28, 2019
Fair value:
—SARs	$	5.88
—Share options	$	5.88
—Premium-priced options	$	5.65
—RSUs	$	16.28
—PRSUs	$	20.07

Inputs to the model:
—Expected volatility - SARs, share options and premium-priced options	31.9		%
—Expected volatility - PRSUs	32.8		%
—Expected option life for SARs and share options	6.0
—Expected option life for premium-priced options	7.0
—Risk-free interest rate:
SARs and share options	2.51		%
Premium-priced options	2.53		%
PRSUs	2.48		%
—Expected dividends	—

17. Equity

In January 2018, weGates completed an initial public offering of 38,500,000 shares at $19.00 each. Shortly thereafter, the underwriters of the initial public offering exercised their over-allotment option for a further 5,775,000 shares, also at $19.00 each. Movements in the ~~Company's~~Company’s number of shares in issue for the nine month periods ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and September ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, respectively, were as follows:


				Nine months ended
(number of shares)	As of September 29, 2018	As of September 30, 2017		September 28, 2019	September 29, 2018
Balance as of the beginning of the fiscal year	245,474,605	245,627,952		289,847,574	245,474,605
Issuance of shares	44,275,000	80,107		—	44,275,000
Exercise of share options	58,545	—		257,322	58,545
Buy back of shares	—	(233,454	)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of withholding taxes				13,229	—
Balance as of the end of the period	289,808,150	245,474,605		290,118,125	289,808,150

The Company has one class of authorized and issued shares, with a par value of $0.01, and each share has equal voting rights.

~~16.~~18. Analysis of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component, net of tax, were as follows:


(dollars in millions)	Available-for- sale investments			Post- retirement benefit			Cumulative translation adjustment			Cash flow hedges			Accumulated OCI attributable to shareholders			Non- controlling interests			Accumulated OCI			Available-for- sale investments			Post- retirement benefit			Cumulative translation adjustment			Cash flow hedges			Accumulated OCI attributable to shareholders			Non- controlling interests			Accumulated OCI
As of December 31, 2016	$	(0.2	)	$	(6.5	)	$	(884.1	)	$	(25.1	)	$	(915.9	)	$	(55.4	)	$	(971.3	)
As of December 30, 2017																						$	(0.3	)	$	13.2		$	(742.8	)	$	(17.5	)	$	(747.4	)	$	(25.5	)	$	(772.9	)
Foreign currency translation	—			—			170.4			—			170.4			19.1			189.5			—			—			(58.7		)	—			(58.7		)	(20.0		)	(78.7		)
Cash flow hedges movements	—			—			—			0.6			0.6			—			0.6			—			—			—			19.8			19.8			—			19.8
Available-for-sale investment movements	0.1			—			—			—			0.1			—			0.1			(0.4		)	—			—			—			(0.4		)	(0.1		)	(0.5		)
Post-retirement benefit movements	—			2.1			—			—			2.1			—			2.1			—			(0.5		)	—			—			(0.5		)	—			(0.5		)
Other comprehensive income	0.1			2.1			170.4			0.6			173.2			19.1			192.3
As of September 30, 2017	$	(0.1	)	$	(4.4	)	$	(713.7	)	$	(24.5	)	$	(742.7	)	$	(36.3	)	$	(779.0	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income																						(0.4		)	(0.5		)	(58.7		)	19.8			(39.8		)	(20.1		)	(59.9		)
As of September 29, 2018																						$	(0.7	)	$	12.7		$	(801.5	)	$	2.3		$	(787.2	)	$	(45.6	)	$	(832.8	)


(dollars in millions)	Available-for- sale investments			Post- retirement benefit			Cumulative translation adjustment			Cash flow hedges			Accumulated OCI attributable to shareholders			Non- controlling interests			Accumulated OCI			Available-for- sale investments		Post- retirement benefit			Cumulative translation adjustment			Cash flow hedges			Accumulated OCI attributable to shareholders			Non- controlling interests			Accumulated OCI
As of December 30, 2017	$	(0.3	)	$	13.2		$	(742.8	)	$	(17.5	)	$	(747.4	)	$	(25.5	)	$	(772.9	)
As of December 29, 2018																						$	—	$	7.6		$	(850.0	)	$	(11.9	)	$	(854.3	)	$	(43.6	)	$	(897.9	)
Foreign currency translation	—			—			(58.7		)	—			(58.7		)	(20.0		)	(78.7		)	—		—			(27.7		)	—			(27.7		)	(7.8		)	(35.5		)
Cash flow hedges movements	—			—			—			19.8			19.8			—			19.8			—		—			—			(26.4		)	(26.4		)	—			(26.4		)
Available-for-sale investment movements	(0.4		)	—			—			—			(0.4		)	(0.1		)	(0.5		)
Post-retirement benefit movements	—			(0.5		)	—			—			(0.5		)	—			(0.5		)	—		(0.2		)	—			—			(0.2		)	—			(0.2		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(0.4		)	(0.5		)	(58.7		)	19.8			(39.8		)	(20.1		)	(59.9		)
As of September 29, 2018	$	(0.7	)	$	12.7		$	(801.5	)	$	2.3		$	(787.2	)	$	(45.6	)	$	(832.8	)
Other comprehensive loss																						—		(0.2		)	(27.7		)	(26.4		)	(54.3		)	(7.8		)	(62.1		)
As of September 28, 2019																						$	—	$	7.4		$	(877.7	)	$	(38.3	)	$	(908.6	)	$	(51.4	)	$	(960.0	)

~~17.~~19. Related party transactions

A. Entities affiliated with Blackstone

~~On July 3, 2014,~~In January 2018, Gates and Blackstone Management Partners L.L.C. (“BMP”) and Blackstone Tactical Opportunities Advisors L.L.C., each affiliates of our Sponsor (the “Managers”), entered into a new Transaction and Monitoring Fee Agreement (the ~~“Former Transaction and~~“New Monitoring Fee Agreement”) ~~with Omaha Topco.~~. Under this agreement, ~~Omaha Topco~~Gates Industrial Corporation plc and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries (collectively the “Monitoring Service Recipients”) engaged the Managers to provide certain monitoring, advisory and consulting services in the following areas:

advice regarding financings and relationships with lenders and bankers;

advice regarding the selection, retention and supervision of independent auditors, outside legal counsel, investment bankers and other advisors or consultants;

advice regarding environmental, social and governance issues pertinent to our affairs;

advice regarding the strategic direction of our business; and

such other advice directly related to or ancillary to the above advisory services as we may reasonably request.

In consideration of these oversight services, Gates agreed to pay BMP an annual fee of 1% of a covenant EBITDA measure defined under the agreements governing our senior secured credit facilities. In addition, the Monitoring Service Recipients agreed to reimburse the Managers for any related out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Managers and their affiliates. During the three months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, Gates incurred ~~$1.9~~$1.1 million, compared with ~~$1.5~~$1.9 million during the prior year period, and during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, Gates incurred ~~$5.9~~$4.9 million, compared with ~~$4.5~~$5.9 million during the prior year period, in respect of these oversight services and out-of-pocket expenses, of which there was no amount owing at September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 or December ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018.

The Former Transaction and Monitoring Fee Agreement also contemplated that Gates would pay to the Managers a milestone payment upon the consummation of an initial public offering. In January 2018, we and the Managers terminated this agreement and entered into a new Monitoring Fee Agreement (the “New Monitoring Fee Agreement”) with the Managers that is substantially similar to the terminated agreement, except that the New Monitoring Fee Agreement ~~does not require the payment of a milestone payment in connection with the initial public offering and~~ terminates upon the earlier to occur of (i) the second anniversary of the closing date of the initial public offering ~~and~~of Gates or (ii) the date our Sponsor beneficially owns less than 5% of our ordinary shares and such shares have a fair market value of less than $25.0 million. Following termination of the New Monitoring Fee Agreement, the Managers will refund us any portion of the monitoring fee previously paid in respect of fiscal quarters that follow the termination date.

In addition, in connection with the initial public offering, we ~~have~~ entered into a new Support and Services Agreement with ~~BMP. Under this agreement, the Company~~BMP, under which Gates Industrial Corporation plc and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries reimburse BMP for customary support services provided by Blackstone’s portfolio operations group to the Company at BMP’s direction. BMP will invoice the Company for such services based on the time spent by the relevant personnel providing such services during the applicable period and Blackstone’s allocated costs of such personnel. During the periods presented, no amounts were paid or outstanding under this agreement. ~~In connection with the initial public offering in January 2018, we and BMP terminated this~~This agreement ~~and we entered into a new agreement with the Managers that is substantially similar to the existing agreement, except that it~~ terminates on the date our Sponsor beneficially owns less than 5% of our ordinary shares and such shares have a fair market value of less than $25.0 million, or such earlier date as may be chosen by Blackstone.

In connection with our initial public offering in January 2018, Blackstone Advisory Partners L.P., an affiliate of Blackstone, received underwriting fees of $3.2 million.

During the periods presented, through to November 2, 2017, Blackstone held a controlling interest in Alliance Automotive Group (“Alliance”), a wholesale distributor of automotive parts in France and the United Kingdom. Net sales by Gates to affiliates of Alliance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $5.6 million and $23.4 million, respectively.

B. Equity method investees

Sales to and purchases from equity method investees were as follows:


	Three months ended						Nine months ended						Three months ended						Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Sales	$	0.3		$	0.6		$	1.4		$	1.4		$	0.4		$	0.3		$	1.1		$	1.4
Purchases	$	(4.8	)	$	(2.1	)	$	(11.3	)	$	(7.5	)	$	(3.9	)	$	(4.8	)	$	(11.9	)	$	(11.3	)

Amounts outstanding in respect of these transactions were payables of $0.2 million as of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, compared with ~~$0.2~~$0.1 million as of December ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018. During the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019, we received dividends of $0 from our equity method investees, compared with ~~$0.1 million~~$0 in the prior year period. During the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019, we received dividends of ~~$0.4 million~~$0 from our equity method investees, compared with $0.4 million in the prior year period.

C. Non-Gates entities controlled by non-controlling shareholders

Sales to and purchases from non-Gates entities controlled by non-controlling shareholders were as follows:


	Three months ended						Nine months ended						Three months ended						Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Sales	$	13.7		$	14.1		$	45.4		$	41.7		$	12.7		$	13.7		$	38.5		$	45.4
Purchases	$	(5.5	)	$	(4.7	)	$	(16.0	)	$	(15.6	)	$	(5.0	)	$	(5.5	)	$	(15.3	)	$	(16.0	)

Amounts outstanding in respect of these transactions were as follows:


(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018			As of December 30, 2017			As of September 28, 2019			As of December 29, 2018
Receivables	$	1.5		$	1.2		$	4.4		$	0.6
Payables	$	(0.2	)	$	(0.2	)	$	(5.4	)	$	(0.3	)

D. Majority-owned subsidiaries

We ~~are engaged in ongoing discussions~~finalized an agreement with the non-controlling interest holder in certain of our consolidated, majority-owned subsidiaries, regarding the scope of business of such ~~subsidiaries. If we successfully reach an agreement on~~subsidiaries, which will result in a ~~change in scope, we expect to reduce the magnitude~~smaller share of net income ~~currently~~ allocated to non-controlling ~~interests~~interests. This change is retrospectively effective from the beginning of 2019 and includes a one-time adjustment of $15.0 million, which has been recorded in the ~~change could be material.~~first quarter of 2019.

~~18.~~20. Commitments and contingencies

A. Performance bonds, letters of credit and bank guarantees

As of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, letters of credit totaling $50.2 million were outstanding against the asset-backed revolving facility, ~~amounting to $56.7 million,~~ compared with ~~$58.0~~$57.8 million as of December ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018. Gates had additional outstanding performance bonds, letters of credit and bank guarantees amounting to ~~$3.4~~$3.8 million, compared with $3.4 million as of December ~~30, 2017.~~29, 2018.

B. Contingencies

Gates is, from time to time, party to general legal proceedings and claims, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Gates is also, from time to time, party to legal proceedings and claims in respect of environmental obligations, product liability, intellectual property and other matters which arise in the ordinary course of business and against which management believes Gates has meritorious defenses available.

While it is not possible to quantify the financial impact or predict the outcome of all pending claims and litigation, management does not anticipate that the outcome of any current proceedings or known claims, either individually or in aggregate, will materially affect Gates’ financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

C. Warranties

The following summarizes the movements in the warranty liability for the nine month periods ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and September ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, respectively:


							Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018			As of September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Balance as of the beginning of the fiscal year	$	14.1		$	14.3		$	14.3		$	14.1
Charge for the period	9.2			10.5			10.2			9.2
Payments made	(7.3		)	(12.2		)	(7.4		)	(7.3		)
Acquisitions	—			0.2
Released during the period	(0.6		)	—			(1.0		)	(0.6		)
Foreign currency translation	(0.2		)	0.6			(0.1		)	(0.2		)
Balance as of the end of the period	$	15.2		$	13.4		$	16.0		$	15.2

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis

of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with ~~our~~the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this quarterly report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in “Forward-Looking Statements” above.

Our Company

We are a global manufacturer of innovative, highly engineered power transmission and fluid power solutions. We offer a broad portfolio of products to diverse replacement channel customers and to original equipment (“first-fit”) manufacturers as specified components, with the majority of our revenue coming from replacement channels. Our products are used in applications across numerous end markets, which include construction, agriculture, energy, automotive, transportation, general industrial, consumer products and many others. We sell our products globally under the Gates brand, which is recognized by distributors, equipment manufacturers, installers and end users as a premium brand for quality and technological innovation; this reputation has been built for over a century since Gates’ founding in 1911. Within the diverse end markets we serve, our highly engineered products are often critical components in applications for which the cost of downtime is high relative to the cost of our products, resulting in the willingness of end users to pay a premium for superior performance and availability. These applications subject our products to normal wear and tear, resulting in a natural replacement cycle that drives high-margin, recurring revenue. Our product portfolio represents one of the broadest ranges of power transmission and fluid power products in the markets we serve, and we maintain long-standing relationships with a diversified group of blue-chip customers throughout the world. As a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of highly engineered, mission-critical products, we have become an industry leader across most of the regions and end markets in which we operate.

Business Trends

Our net sales have historically been highly correlated with industrial activity and utilization and not with any single end market given the diversification of our business and high exposure to replacement channels. This diversification limits our exposure to trends in any given end market. In addition, a majority of our sales are generated from customers in replacement channels, who serve primarily a large base of installed equipment that follows a natural maintenance cycle that is somewhat less susceptible to various trends that affect our end markets. Such trends include infrastructure investment and construction activity, agricultural production and related commodity prices, commercial and passenger vehicle production, miles driven and fleet age, evolving regulatory requirements related to emissions and fuel economy and oil and gas prices and production. Key indicators of our performance include industrial production, industrial sales and manufacturer shipments.

During the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, sales into replacement channels accounted for approximately ~~62%~~63% of our total net sales. Our replacement sales cover a very broad range of applications and industries and, accordingly, are highly correlated with industrial activity and utilization and not a single end market. Replacement products are principally sold through distribution partners that may carry a very broad line of products or may specialize in products associated with a smaller set of end market applications.

During the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, sales into first-fit channels accounted for approximately ~~38%~~37% of our total net sales. First-fit sales are to a variety of industrial and automotive customers. Our industrial first-fit customers cover a diverse range of industries and applications and many of our largest first-fit customers manufacture construction and agricultural equipment. Among our automotive first-fit customers, a majority of our net sales are to emerging market customers, where we believe our first-fit presence provides us with a strategic advantage in developing those markets and ultimately increasing our higher margin replacement channel sales. First-fit automotive sales in developed markets represented approximately 8%7% of our total net sales for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, with first-fit automotive sales in North America contributing less than 3% of total sales. As a result of the foregoing factors, we do not believe that our historical net sales have had any meaningful correlation to global automotive production but are positively correlated to industrial production.

Our recently completed manufacturing footprint investments and other productivity improvements in recent years have helped to position us to accelerate and expand upon our previously announced restructuring program, which is primarily intended to optimize our manufacturing and distribution footprint over the mid-term by removing structural fixed costs, and, to a lesser degree, to streamline our SG&A back-office functions. We anticipate that most of the costs associated with these actions will be incurred during 2020 and 2021. Some of these costs will, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, be classified in cost of sales, negatively impacting gross margin, but due to their nature and impact of hindering comparison of the performance of our businesses on a period-over-period basis or with other businesses, they will be excluded from Adjusted EBITDA, consistent with the treatment of similar costs in the current and prior years.

Results for the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the results for the three and nine months ended September ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018

Summary Gates Performance

Three months ended Nine months ended
(dollars in millions) September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017 September 29, 2018 September 30, 2017
Net sales $ 828.4
$ 760.6
$ 2,555.5
$ 2,259.9
Cost of sales 501.2
449.8
1,534.9
1,343.9
Gross profit 327.2
310.8
1,020.6

916.0
Selling, general and administrative expenses 202.7
201.4
621.1
585.5
Transaction-related expenses 0.2
7.2
6.2
11.3
Impairment of intangibles and other assets 0.2
—
0.6
—
Restructuring expense 1.2
2.4
3.2
8.3
Other operating expenses (income) 5.1
(0.1 ) 12.5
(0.1 )
Operating income from continuing operations 117.8
99.9
377.0

311.0
Interest expense 40.2
55.0
139.8
179.0
Other expenses 3.4
10.9
17.5
46.7
Income from continuing operations before taxes 74.2
34.0
219.7

85.3
Income tax expense 7.2
15.9
30.4
32.9
Net income from continuing operations $ 67.0
$ 18.1
$ 189.3

$ 52.4

Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾
$ 181.2
$ 164.1
$ 570.0
$ 496.1
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%) 21.9 % 21.6 % 22.3 % 22.0 %



	Three months ended						Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net sales	$	746.6		$	828.4		$	2,361.4		$	2,555.5
Cost of sales	474.2			501.2			1,480.3			1,534.9
Gross profit	272.4			327.2			881.1			1,020.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses	191.9			202.7			590.4			621.1
Transaction-related expenses	1.0			0.2			0.7			6.2
Impairment of intangibles and other assets	0.7			0.2			0.7			0.6
Restructuring expenses	0.3			1.2			3.9			3.2
Other operating expenses	1.8			5.1			6.6			12.5
Operating income from continuing operations	76.7			117.8			278.8			377.0
Interest expense	37.2			40.2			114.5			139.8
Other (income) expenses	(2.4		)	3.4			(7.2		)	17.5
Income from continuing operations before taxes	41.9			74.2			171.5			219.7
Income tax expense (benefit)	4.4			7.2			(497.8		)	30.4
Net income from continuing operations	$	37.5		$	67.0		$	669.3		$	189.3

Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾	$	145.0		$	181.2		$	475.9		$	570.0
Adjusted EBITDA margin	19.4		%	21.9		%	20.2		%	22.3		%


⁽¹⁾	See “—Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income from continuing operations, the closest comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods presented.

Net sales

Net sales during the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$828.4~~$746.6 million, updown by ~~8.9%~~9.9%, or ~~$67.8~~$81.8 million, compared with net sales during the prior year period of ~~$760.6~~$828.4 million. Our net sales in the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were adversely impacted by movements in average currency exchange rates of ~~$16.6~~$11.1 million compared with the prior year period, due principally to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against a number of currencies, in particular the ~~Brazilian Real~~Euro ($~~4.5 million), the Mexican Peso ($2.9~~5.4 million) and the ~~Indian Rupee~~Chinese Renminbi ($~~2.0~~2.3 million). ~~The weakening of the Turkish Lira, Russian Ruble and the Euro contributed a further $5.2 million of the impact. In addition, the Fluid Power acquisitions of~~ ~~Atlas Hydraulics in the second half of 2017 and of Rapro in April 2018, contributed $29.4 million to our third quarter 2018 net sales.~~ Excluding ~~these impacts,~~this impact, core sales ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$55.0~~$70.7 million, or ~~7.2%~~8.5%, during the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year period. Of this ~~increase, $33.6~~decrease, $86.1 million was driven by ~~higher~~lower volumes, ~~with the remainder driven~~offset partially by a $15.4 million benefit from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing ~~a function of our margin protection initiatives in the current inflationary environment.~~actions.

Core sales in our Power Transmission and Fluid Power businesses ~~grew~~declined by ~~4.7%~~6.0% and ~~12.1%~~12.7%, respectively, in the three months ended September ~~29, 2018.~~28, 2019. The majority of ~~this improvement~~the total decline was driven by ~~double-digit growth~~continued weakness in the industrial ~~end markets, which benefited from strong growth across most regions~~channels with sales to industrial replacement and industrial first-fit customers declining by 13.0% and 12.5%, respectively, in the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year period. This weak industrial demand was most significant in North America, continued to be the primary contributor to this industrial growth, particularly with our first-fit customers. We continue to prioritize these customers, particularly in the current capacity-constrained environment for Fluid Power. Saleswhere sales to industrial ~~first-fit customers grew~~end markets declined by ~~14.9% (or $19.8 million) on a core basis in~~12.7%, or $35.0 million, during the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year period, impacting both our first-fit and replacement channels. We saw particular end market weakenss in mobile equipment driven by the construction and agriculture end markets, as well as the general industrial end market. China and East Asia & India industrial end markets also continued to decelerate during the quarter, particularly in the construction end market, impacted by the ongoing trade tensions with the U.S. and broader market softness in Asia, declining by 16.1% and 12.8%, respectively, during the current quarter compared with the prior year period. Sales ~~through our industrial~~into the automotive replacement ~~channels were also strong~~channel declined globally ~~increasing~~ by ~~10.8% (or $24.0 million) on a core basis~~2.8%, primarily in North America and EMEA, offsetting solid growth in China and South America. Automotive first-fit sales declined by 7.4% globally during the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year ~~period. Core~~period, with declines in EMEA and China of 16.3% and 13.5%, respectively, offsetting growth of 8.2% in ~~both our construction and agricultural end markets was 13.8% for the three months ended September 29, 2018~~. Sales into the construction end market grew in all of our commercial regions, and we saw particular strength in emerging markets and in Europe. Growth in agriculture for the three months ended September 29, 2018 was again driven primarily by North America, focused on our first-fit customers. Core growth in sales to our automotive customers was predominantly in the replacement business which grew by 6.8% on a core basis, more than offsetting the impact of a 4.9% decline in sales to automotive first-fit customers. In dollar terms, the majority of the replacement sales growth came from North America, supported by continued double-digit growth in China. America.

Overall, core sales into emerging and developed markets ~~grew~~were lower by ~~8.9%~~5.4% and ~~4.5%, respectively,~~10.1% in the three months ended September ~~29, 2018.~~28, 2019, respectively, compared with the prior year period, driven in both cases by declines in sales to the automotive and construction end markets. Developed markets were also impacted by a 13.5%, or $16.4 million, decline in sales to the general industrial end market, predominantly in North America.

Net sales during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$2,555.5~~$2,361.4 million, updown by ~~13.1%~~7.6%, or ~~$295.6~~$194.1 million, compared with net sales during the prior year period of ~~$2,259.9~~$2,555.5 million. Our net sales for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~positively~~adversely impacted by movements in average currency exchange rates of ~~$42.0~~$70.8 million compared with the prior year period, due principally to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against a number of currencies, including the Euro ($~~35.1~~26.9 million), the Chinese Renminbi ($13.3 million), the Canadian dollar ($5.7 million) and the ~~Chinese Renminbi ($12.5 million) against the U.S. dollar, offset partially by the weakening of the~~ Brazilian Real ($~~7.4~~5.7 million). In addition, the ~~acquisitions of Techflow Flexibles and Atlas Hydraulics in the second half of 2017, and the~~ acquisition of Rapro in April 2018 contributed ~~$101.5~~$7.5 million to our net sales for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018.~~28, 2019. Excluding these impacts, core sales ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$152.1~~$130.8 million, or ~~6.7%~~5.1%, during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year period. This ~~increase~~decrease was due primarily to ~~higher~~lower volumes of ~~$90.2~~$181.0 million, ~~with the remaining~~offset partially by a $50.1 million benefit ~~coming~~ from favorable, inflation-mitigating ~~pricing.~~pricing actions.

Core sales in our Power Transmission and Fluid Power businesses ~~grew~~declined by ~~5.1%~~5.0% and ~~9.8%~~5.4%, respectively, for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018. Similar~~28, 2019. Globally, these declines came broadly equally from sales to our industrial and automotive customers, but Power Transmission was particularly impacted by decelerating sales to the ~~quarter ended September 29, 2018, this growth was driven primarily by industrial~~automotive end markets, ~~which performed well across all regions. During~~particularly in EMEA, and Fluid Power’s declines were focused in industrial first-fit sales, particularly to the construction and agriculture end markets. Global industrial first-fit and replacement sales declined by 4.9% and 5.1%, respectively, during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018, sales~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year period, driven most notably by declines in the agriculture and general industrial end markets in North America. Sales to industrial ~~first-fit~~end markets in China were down by 9.0% during the nine months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year period, driven by the general industrial and ~~industrial replacement customers grew on a core basis~~transportation end markets, with increasing weakness in construction equipment sales as the year has progressed. This was more than offset by ~~14.2% and 7.3%, respectively. North America was the primary contributor to this industrial growth, with 14.4% core~~ growth in sales to ~~our~~ industrial ~~first-fit customers. Our construction and agricultural~~ end markets ~~increased~~in EMEA, with growth across all end markets except for agriculture. Sales to the automotive end markets declined by ~~17.2% and 9.9%~~7.5% during the nine months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year period, driven by sales to first-fit customers, which declined by 10.5%. The decline in automotive end market sales was driven mostly by the broad economic softness in EMEA, with sales from this region declining by 17.3%, ~~respectively, growing~~or $70.6 million, during the nine months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year period. Growth in all other regions declined by low single digits on a ~~core~~percentage basis across most of our commercial regions, particularly in emerging markets. Sales to automotive replacement customers grew on a core basis by 6.7% globally, driven by solid North American and European demand and strong contributions from our well-established businesses in emerging markets, particularly China and South America.

as compared with the prior year period.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$501.2~~$474.2 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~11.4%~~5.4%, or ~~$51.4~~$27.0 million, compared with ~~$449.8~~$501.2 million for the prior year period. The ~~increase~~decrease was driven primarily by ~~the acquisition of businesses, which contributed $20.9 million to the increase from the prior year period, in addition to the impacts from higher~~lower volumes of ~~$19.1 million. Inflation of $8.3~~$38.4 million and ~~approximately $2~~a $9.8 million ~~of start-up costs for~~benefit from our ~~new manufacturing facilities that are coming on-line,~~procurement initiatives. These decreases were offset partially by ~~favorable movements in average currency exchange rates~~$13.1 million of ~~$5.5 million.~~unfavorable wage and material inflation and an impact of $8.1 million from lower manufacturing performance driven by the lower absorption of fixed costs on lower production volumes and some variable costs as we continued to adjust our production costs to the current demand levels.

Cost of sales for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$1,534.9~~$1,480.3 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~14.2%~~3.6%, or ~~$191.0~~$54.6 million, compared with ~~$1,343.9~~$1,534.9 million for the prior year period. The ~~increase~~decrease was driven primarily by ~~the acquisition of businesses, which contributed $76.2 million to the increase from the prior year, and the impacts from higher~~lower volumes of ~~$51.9 million. Other contributing factors included unfavorable~~$80.4 million, favorable movements in average currency exchange rates of ~~$35.8~~$46.4 million, and $23.7 million of benefits from our procurement initiatives. Similar to the quarter, these decreases were offset primarily by $43.0 million of a combination of wage and material inflation and $35.0 million from lower manufacturing performance driven by the lower absorption of ~~$17.5~~fixed costs on lower production volumes and some excess variable costs as we continued to adjust our production costs to the current demand levels. Beginning in the second quarter of 2019, and continuing through the current quarter, we reduced our variable production costs to align these resource levels to the current demand outlook. In addition, cost of sales for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 were adversely impacted by $8.2 million of increases in tariffs and ~~to a lesser extent,~~$6.3 million of higher ~~operational costs of $11.5 million. These higher operational costs were due~~depreciation relating primarily to ~~higher freight costs for expediting products from China to North America to meet Fluid Power demand due to capacity constraints but also included some start-up costs for our~~the new ~~manufacturing~~ facilities ~~that are coming on-line.~~opened in 2018, compared with the prior year period.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$327.2~~$272.4 million, ~~up 5.3%~~down 16.7% from ~~$310.8~~$327.2 million for the prior year period. The ~~increase~~decrease was driven primarily by the ~~volume growth~~decreases in volumes of $47.7 million, combined with unfavorable net ~~sales as discussed above. The benefit from the recent business acquisitions and favorable pricing were mostly offset by inflationary pressure and unfavorable~~ impacts of movements in average currency exchange ~~rates.~~

rates of $3.5 million and $13.1 million of unfavorable wage and material inflation. In addition, as discussed above, cost of sales was impacted by lower manufacturing performance of $8.1 million, driven by lower fixed cost absorption on lower production volumes, and some excess variable costs, reducing gross profit. This was offset partially by a $15.4 million benefit from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing actions. Our gross profit margin dropped by ~~140~~300 basis points to ~~39.5%~~36.5% for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019. Excluding the impact of facility closure-related inventory impairments of $1.0 million and $2.5 million of involuntary termination benefits paid in relation to permanent reductions in force, primarily in Asia and North America, gross margin was 37.0%, down from ~~40.9%~~39.5% for the prior year ~~period, driven primarily by dilution from~~period. The decline in gross margin is a result of the decelerating demand environment through the quarter discussed above and the lag in our ~~recent acquisitions. This impact was offset partially by the benefit from higher volumes on a partially fixed cost base and favorable pricing mitigating rising material~~ability to reduce manufacturing costs in the ~~current inflationary environment.~~same timeframe, leading to the under absorption of manufacturing costs. We believe that the lower demand environment with which we exited the third quarter will remain for the foreseeable future and we therefore continue to implement cost reduction actions.

Gross profit for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$1,020.6~~$881.1 million, ~~up 11.4%~~down 13.7% from ~~$916.0~~$1,020.6 million for the prior year ~~period,~~period. Our gross profit margin dropped by 260 basis points to 37.3% for the nine months ended September 28, 2019. Excluding the impact of facility closure-related inventory impairments of $1.3 million and $3.0 million of involuntary termination benefits paid in relation to permanent reductions in force, primarily in Asia and North America, gross margin was 37.5%, down from 39.9% for the prior year period. In both cases, these decreases were driven broadly by the same factors described ~~above, except that there was a net positive impact from movements in average currency exchange rates of $6.2 million.~~

Our gross profit margin dropped by 60 basis points to 39.9% for the nine months ended September 29, 2018, down from 40.5% for the prior year period. The recent acquisitions had a 110 basis point dilutive impact on the gross margin for the nine months ended September 29, 2018, which was offset partially by a positive impact from movements in average currency exchange rates. In addition, inflationary pressures on both wages and materials were broadly offset by the benefit from higher volumes on a partially fixed cost base and inflation-mitigating pricing actions.above.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

~~Selling, general and administrative (“~~SG~~&A”)~~&A expenses for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$202.7~~$191.9 million compared with ~~$201.4~~$202.7 million for the prior year period. ~~Increases related to the recent business acquisitions,~~This decrease of $10.8 million was driven by $6.3 million of labor-related benefits and ~~expenses associated with operating~~cost reductions and $2.3 million of favorable impacts from movements in ~~a public company environment were largely offset by labor and benefits cost savings of $5.3 million.~~average currency exchange rates.

SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$621.1~~$590.4 million compared with ~~$585.5~~$621.1 million for the prior year period. This ~~increase~~decrease of ~~$35.6~~$30.7 million was driven primarily by ~~a $10.5~~$17.6 million ~~increase related to the recent business acquisitions, with the remainder~~ of the increase attributable to a combination of individually minor items, including expenses associated with operating in a public company environment, product line and customer service investments, volume-related increases in variable costs, increases in outbound freight costs, higher duties and taxes in India, and unfavorablefavorable impacts from movements in average currency exchange ~~rates.~~

rates and $13.5 million of labor-related benefits and cost reductions.

Transaction-related expenses

Transaction-related expenses for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$0.2~~$1.0 million, related primarily to ~~acquisition related activities,~~corporate filings and transactions completed during the quarter to provide the Company with flexibility for future raising of capital and debt, share buybacks and dividend payments, compared with ~~$7.2~~an expense of $0.2 million for the prior year period.

Transaction-related expenses for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 were $0.7 million compared with an expense of $6.2 million for the prior year period. Net expenses for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 related primarily to the corporate filings and transactions described above, offset partially by the release of an accrual from a prior period acquisition. The transaction-related expenses incurred in the prior year period included ~~$4.3~~$4.2 million related to our initial public offering and a further $0.3 million related to the extension in January 2018 of ~~payments made on resolution~~the maturity of ~~certain contingencies that affected the purchase price paid by Blackstone on acquiring Gates in July 2014.~~our two revolving credit facilities. The remainder of the transaction-related expenses in the prior year period ~~were driven primarily by the acquisitions of Techflow Flexibles and Atlas Hydraulics.~~

Transaction-related expenses for the nine months ended September 29, 2018 were $6.2 million compared with $11.3 million for the prior year period. Expenses for the nine months ended September 29, 2018 included $4.3 million related ~~to our initial public offering, with the remainder of the transaction-related expenses for the period related primarily~~ to the recent business acquisitions. The transaction-related expenses incurred in the prior year period included $4.3 million related to the accounting for the acquisition of Gates by Blackstone in July 2014 as described above and $2.0 million of professional fees incurred as part of the debt refinancing initiated during March 2017. The remainder of the transaction-related expenses were incurred primarily in relation to the acquisitions of Techflow Flexibles and Atlas Hydraulics.

Restructuring ~~expense~~expenses

AAs described further under the “Business Trends” section of this report, we are accelerating and expanding upon our previously announced restructuring ~~expense~~program, which is primarily intended to optimize our manufacturing and distribution footprint over the mid-term by removing structural fixed costs, and, to a lesser degree, to streamline our SG&A back-office functions.

Restructuring expenses of ~~$1.2~~$1.3 million ~~was~~were recognized during the three months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, relating primarily to an impairment of inventory of $1.0 million due to facility closures and consolidations, which is included in cost of sales. Restructuring expenses of $1.2 million were recognized during the prior year period, relating primarily to the reorganization of our European corporate center and a strategic restructuring of part of our Asian business. ~~A restructuring expense~~

Restructuring expenses of ~~$2.4~~$5.2 million ~~was recognized during the prior year period, including $1.9 million in relation to severance costs, largely in the U.S. and Europe.~~

~~A restructuring expense of $3.2 million was~~were recognized during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, including an impairment of inventory of $1.3 million due to facility closures and consolidations, which is included in cost of sales. The remainder of the expenses related primarily to severance costs, predominantly ~~in the second quarter of 2018, relating~~due to the ~~reorganization~~closure of one of our ~~European corporate center~~facilities in France, and a strategic restructuring of part of our Asian business. ~~A restructuring expense~~Restructuring expenses of ~~$8.3~~$3.2 million ~~was~~were recognized during the prior year period, ~~including $6.1 million in relation~~relating primarily to ~~severance costs, largely in~~ the ~~U.S., Europe and China.~~items described above.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 29, 2018 was $40.2 million compared with $55.0 million for the prior year period. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 29, 2018 was $139.8 million compared with $179.0 million for the prior year period. Our interest expense was as follows:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Debt:
Dollar Term Loan	$	23.0	$	22.9	$	67.5	$	74.0	$	20.1	$	23.0	$	62.0	$	67.5
Euro Term Loan	5.5		6.9		17.3		15.4		5.6		5.5		16.7		17.3
Dollar Senior Notes	8.1		17.6		28.4		51.3		8.5		8.1		25.5		28.4
Euro Senior Notes	—		3.9		1.3		11.6		—		—		—		1.3
Other loans	—		—		—		0.1		—		—		0.3		—
	36.6		51.3		114.5		152.4		34.2		36.6		104.5		114.5
Amortization of deferred issuance costs	2.5		2.9		23.1		24.5		2.5		2.5		8.0		23.1
Other interest expense	1.1		0.8		2.2		2.1		0.5		1.1		2.0		2.2
	$	40.2	$	55.0	$	139.8	$	179.0	$	37.2	$	40.2	$	114.5	$	139.8

Details of our long-term debt are presented in note 1314 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

Interest ~~expense~~on debt for the three ~~months~~ and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 decreased when compared with the equivalent prior year periods due primarily to the interest ~~saving~~savings from debt repayments, in particular, for the ~~debt~~nine month period, the repayment of $913.7 million of senior notes in the first quarter of 2018 ~~which we expect~~in conjunction with our initial public offering, in addition to ~~benefit our future interest expense by approximately $54 million per year compared with 2017. Interest expense for the current year benefited further from~~ margin reductions ~~negotiated in 2017. Partially offsetting these benefits~~that came into effect partway during the prior year period. The amortization of deferred issuance costs was significantly lower in the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018, was~~28, 2019, due to the acceleration in the prior year period of $15.4 million of deferred issuance cost amortization as a consequence of the repayment of debt ~~payments made~~ during the first quarter of 2018. ~~A similar impact of $14.2 million was recognized in the prior year period in relation to the debt payments made in April 2017.~~

Other (income) expenses

Our other (income) expenses were as follows:


	Three months ended						Nine months ended						Three months ended						Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Interest income on bank deposits	$	(1.0	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(2.7	)	$	(3.3	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(1.0	)	$	(3.4	)	$	(2.7	)
Foreign currency (gain) loss on net debt and hedging instruments	3.9			12.5			(8.4		)	47.6			(0.4		)	3.9			(1.0		)	(8.4		)
Premiums paid on debt redemptions	—			—			27.0			—			—			—			—			27.0
Net adjustments related to post-retirement benefits	0.8			(2.6		)	2.4			0.6			(0.7		)	0.8			(2.6		)	2.4
Other	(0.3		)	2.2			(0.8		)	1.8			(0.1		)	(0.3		)	(0.2		)	(0.8		)
	$	3.4		$	10.9		$	17.5		$	46.7		$	(2.4	)	$	3.4		$	(7.2	)	$	17.5

Other ~~expenses~~income for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$3.4~~$2.4 million, compared with ~~$10.9~~an expense of $3.4 million in the prior year period. This change was driven primarily by net foreign currency ~~losses~~gains of ~~$3.9~~$0.4 million on net debt and hedging instruments for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, compared with net losses of ~~$12.5~~$3.9 million in the prior year period. ~~Underlying this change was~~Higher expected returns on plan assets based on the ~~fact that, for~~most recent actuarial valuations drove a further $1.5 million increase in other income during the three months ended September 29, 2018, transactional foreign exchange movements on the unhedged portion of our Euro-denominated debt were being substantially offset by similar movements on Euro-denominated intercompany loans as part of our overall hedging strategy.

~~Net adjustments related to post-retirement benefits were an expense of $0.8 million for the three months ended September 29, 2018,~~28, 2019 compared with ~~a net gain of $2.6 million in~~ the prior year period due to a settlement gain of $3.9 million recognized in the prior year period in relation to an annuity purchase for most of the retirees in our largest U.S. defined benefit pension plan during September 2017.period.

Other ~~expense~~income for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$17.5~~$7.2 million, ~~which decreased from $46.7~~compared with an expense of $17.5 million in the prior year period. This ~~decrease~~change was driven primarily by ~~net foreign currency gains of $8.4 million on net debt and hedging instruments for~~ the ~~nine months ended September 29, 2018, compared with net losses of $47.6 million~~payment in the prior year ~~period. As noted above, underlying~~period of $27.0 million of redemption premiums on repayment of the Euro Senior Notes and Dollar Senior Notes in January and February of 2018. Partially offsetting this change was the fact that, for the three months ended September 29, 2018, transactional foreign exchange movements on the unhedged portion of our Euro-denominated debt were being substantially offset by similar movements on Euro-denominated intercompany loans as part of our overall hedging strategy. Also includedcost in the ~~gain for the nine months ended September 29, 2018~~prior year period was a $5.8 million gain on a derivative used to lock in the exchange rate used to repay the Euro Senior Notes. ~~Partially offsetting these decreases~~Higher expected returns on plan assets based on the most recent actuarial valuations drove the majority of the remaining increase in other ~~expenses was the payment of $27.0 million of redemption premiums on repayment of the Euro Senior Notes and Dollar Senior Notes in January and February of 2018.~~

~~Net adjustments related to post-retirement benefits were higher by $1.8 million~~income during the nine months ended September 29, 2018 as compared with the prior year period. This was due to a $3.9 million settlement gain recognized in September 2017 in relation to an annuity purchase, as described above, offset partially by the impact of lower net interest on the reduced net obligation during the nine months ended September 29, 2018 as28, 2019 compared with the prior year period.

Income tax expense

Deferred Tax ~~Cuts~~Assets and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). Primary factors of the Tax Act that increased our effective tax rate include the decrease in the U.S. tax rate, the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) and global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). These increases were partially offset by the incentive for foreign-derived intangible income. The three-month period ending September 29, 2018 was reduced further by $5.7 million of discrete items, which included an adjustment to the measurement period provisional estimate associated with the Tax Act.Liabilities

Our framework for assessing the recoverability of ~~earnings not indefinitely reinvested. For~~deferred tax assets requires us to weigh all available evidence, including:

taxable income in prior carry back years if carry back is permitted under the ~~three months ended September 29, 2018 we recorded a measurement period adjustment~~relevant tax law;

future reversal of ~~$3.0 million to~~existing temporary differences;

tax-planning strategies that are prudent and feasible; and

future taxable income ~~tax benefit for the estimated cost~~exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards.

For the period ended September ~~29, 2018, we have included the estimated impacts~~28, 2019 as a result of ~~both GILTI and BEAT~~changes in the ~~annual effective~~Luxembourg statutory tax ~~rate. However,~~rate, which occurred during the second quarter, further refinement of current year estimates and foreign currency movements, we reduced the recognition from $627.6 million to $570.1 million.

The positive evidence that existed in favor of releasing the allowance as of March 30, 2019 and ultimately outweighed the negative evidence included the following:

the fact that our net operating loss carryforwards in Luxembourg are indefinite lived.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$181.2~~$145.0 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~10.4%~~20.0% or ~~$17.1~~$36.2 million, compared with the prior year period Adjusted EBITDA of ~~$164.1~~$181.2 million. The Adjusted EBITDA margin was ~~21.9%~~19.4% for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, a 30250 basis point ~~increase~~decrease from the prior year period margin of ~~21.6%~~21.9%. The ~~increase~~decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was driven primarily by ~~higher sales of $67.8 million, which resulted in additional~~reduced gross profit of ~~$16.4~~$54.8 million, which was the result of lower sales of $81.8 million as described above. Partially offsetting this decrease were SG&A savings as noted above.

Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$570.0~~$475.9 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~14.9%~~16.5% or ~~$73.9~~$94.1 million, compared with Adjusted EBITDA of ~~$496.1~~$570.0 million for the prior year period. Adjusted EBITDA margin was ~~22.3%~~20.2% for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, a 30210 basis point ~~increase~~decrease from the prior year period margin of ~~22.0%~~22.3%. ~~The increase~~Similar to the quarter, the decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was driven primarily by ~~higher sales of $295.6 million, which resulted in additional~~reduced gross profit of ~~$104.6~~$139.5 million, which was the result of lower sales of $194.1 million, as well as the impact of lower fixed cost absorption on cost of sales as described above. Partially offsetting this ~~increase~~decrease were ~~higher~~lower SG&A expenses as noted above.

For a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented and the calculation of the Adjusted EBITDA margin, see “—Non-GAAP Measures.”

Analysis by Operating Segment

Power Transmission ~~(61.9%~~(63.5% and ~~62.9%~~62.5%, respectively, of Gates’ net sales for the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018)~~28, 2019)


	Three months ended								Three months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			Period over Period Change		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Period over Period Change
Net sales	$	512.5		$	499.9		2.5	%	$	474.4		$	512.5		(7.4	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	119.0		$	114.5		3.9	%	$	99.7		$	119.0		(16.2	%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)	23.2		%	22.9		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin									21.0		%	23.2		%


	Nine months ended								Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			Period over Period Change		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Period over Period Change
Net sales	$	1,608.1		$	1,496.3		7.5	%	$	1,475.4		$	1,608.1		(8.3	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	377.6		$	342.4		10.3	%	$	315.2		$	377.6		(16.5	%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)	23.5		%	22.9		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin									21.4		%	23.5		%

Net sales in Power Transmission for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$512.5~~$474.4 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~2.5%~~7.4%, or ~~$12.6~~$38.1 million, when compared with prior year period net sales of ~~$499.9~~$512.5 million. Excluding the adverse impact of movements in average currency exchange rates of ~~$10.9~~$7.6 million, core sales ~~increased~~decreased by ~~4.7%~~6.0%, or ~~$23.5~~$30.5 million, compared with the prior year period. The majority of this ~~increase~~decrease was due to ~~higher~~lower sales volumes of ~~$16.3~~$36.6 million, ~~with the remainder due to~~offset partially by benefits from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing ~~actions taken in response to inflation.~~actions.

Net sales in Power Transmission for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$1,608.1~~$1,475.4 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~7.5%~~8.3%, or ~~$111.8~~$132.7 million, when compared with the prior year period net sales of ~~$1,496.3~~$1,608.1 million. Excluding the ~~positive~~adverse impact of movements in average currency exchange rates of ~~$34.9~~$52.6 million, core sales ~~increased~~decreased by ~~5.1%~~5.0%, or ~~$76.9~~$80.1 million, compared with the prior year period. The majority of this ~~increase~~decrease was due to ~~higher~~lower sales volumes of ~~$59.1~~$102.3 million, ~~and remainder due to~~offset partially by benefits from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing ~~actions taken in response to inflation.~~actions.

Power ~~Transmission's~~Transmission’s lower core growth was driven by sales to automotive ~~replacement~~first-fit customers, which ~~grew~~declined by ~~7.3%~~7.4% and ~~9.4%~~10.4% during the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year periods, due primarily to ~~strong~~weak demand in Europe, North America and ~~Europe.~~China resulting from a combination of market softness, macroeconomic headwinds and continuing trade tensions. Sales to automotive replacement customers also contributed to the decline, but less significantly, with core growth lower by 3.2% and 3.5% during the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year periods. Sales to industrial first-fit customers were relatively flat during the three months ended September 28, 2019, but grew by ~~mid-~~5.5% during the nine months ended September 28, 2019, compared with the prior year periods. Sales to ~~high-single digits~~industrial replacement customers declined by 12.6% and 7.1% during both the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year ~~periods, offsetting some softness in~~periods.

Overall, industrial sales ~~to automotive first-fit customers, particularly in Europe. Industrial sales to~~declined across most end markets during the ~~transportation end market were particularly strong, with core growth of 10.0% and 9.3% for the~~ three ~~and nine~~ months ended September ~~29, 2018, respectively,~~28, 2019 compared with the prior year ~~periods. On a regional basis,~~period, predominantly in ~~addition to~~ the ~~strength~~general industrial and energy end markets, driven by weakness in North America, ~~we saw strong~~EMEA and China. Agricultural end markets were broadly flat for the quarter, with growth in ~~emerging markets, particularly~~North and South America offsetting most of the declines in ~~China, which had core growth of 9.9%~~Europe and ~~12.3% for~~China. Conversely, during the ~~three and~~ nine months ended September ~~29, 2018, respectively,~~28, 2019, sales to most industrial end markets grew compared with the prior year ~~periods.~~period.

Our Power Transmission Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$119.0~~$99.7 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~3.9%~~16.2% or ~~$4.5~~$19.3 million, compared with prior year period Adjusted EBITDA of ~~$114.5~~$119.0 million. The ~~increase~~decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was driven primarily by ~~a volume-related increase~~lower volumes of ~~$2.9~~$19.3 million, $9.5 million related to lower manufacturing performance, in ~~gross profit, combined with a favorable $1.5~~particular, lower fixed cost absorption on lower production volumes and some excess variable costs, as well as $8.1 million ~~impact on~~of inflation. These decreases were offset partially by $8.8 million of benefits from our procurement initiatives and lower SG&A ~~from movements in average currency exchange rates.~~expenses of $6.4 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~23.2%~~21.0%, a 30220 basis point ~~improvement over~~decline from the prior year period Adjusted EBITDA margin of ~~22.9%~~23.2%, driven ~~primarily~~ by ~~pricing actions and volume-related procurement and operating efficiencies, offset partially by inflation and net unfavorable movements in average currency exchange rates.~~the impacts described above.

Our Power Transmission Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$377.6~~$315.2 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~10.3%~~16.5% or ~~$35.2~~$62.4 million, compared with the prior year period Adjusted EBITDA of ~~$342.4~~$377.6 million. Movements in average currency exchange rates drove ~~$7.7~~$10.0 million of this ~~increase.~~decrease. Excluding this impact, the ~~increase~~decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was driven ~~primarily~~ by ~~higher sales~~similar factors as for the quarter as described above with lower volumes and lower manufacturing performance resulting in decreases in Adjusted EBITDA of ~~$111.8~~$53.7 million ~~which was~~and $22.1 million, respectively. Raw material and labor inflation contributed a further $27.1 million of the ~~primary driver~~decrease in Adjusted EBITDA as compared with the prior year period. Partially offsetting these decreases were benefits from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing actions of ~~a $50.3~~$22.3 million, ~~increase in gross profit.~~lower SG&A spending of $15.2 million and benefits from procurement initiatives of $16.7 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~23.5%~~21.4%, a 60210 basis point ~~improvement over~~decline from the prior year period Adjusted EBITDA margin of ~~22.9%~~23.5%, driven by ~~similar~~the impacts as described ~~above for the three month period.~~

above.

Fluid Power ~~(38.1%~~(36.5% and ~~37.1%~~37.5%, respectively, of Gates’ net sales for the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018)~~28, 2019)


	Three months ended								Three months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			Period over Period Change		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Period over Period Change
Net sales	$	315.9		$	260.7		21.2	%	$	272.2		$	315.9		(13.8	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	62.2		$	49.6		25.4	%	$	45.3		$	62.2		(27.2	%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)	19.7		%	19.0		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin									16.6		%	19.7		%


	Nine months ended								Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			Period over Period Change		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Period over Period Change
Net sales	$	947.4		$	763.6		24.1	%	$	886.0		$	947.4		(6.5	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	192.4		$	153.7		25.2	%	$	160.7		$	192.4		(16.5	%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)	20.3		%	20.1		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin									18.1		%	20.3		%

Net sales in Fluid Power for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$315.9~~$272.2 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~21.2%~~13.8%, or ~~$55.2~~$43.7 million, compared with net sales during the prior year period of ~~$260.7~~$315.9 million. Excluding the adverse impact of movements in average currency exchange rates of ~~$5.7~~$3.5 million, ~~and the benefit of $29.4 million from the recent business acquisitions,~~ core sales ~~increased~~decreased by ~~12.1%~~12.7%, or ~~$31.5~~$40.2 million, compared with the prior year period. This ~~increase~~decrease was ~~due in approximately equal parts to higher~~driven primarily by lower volumes ~~and~~of $49.4 million, offset partially by benefits from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing ~~actions taken in response to inflation.~~actions.

Net sales in Fluid Power for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 were ~~$947.4~~$886.0 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~24.1%~~6.5%, or ~~$183.8~~$61.4 million, compared with net sales during the prior year period of ~~$763.6~~$947.4 million. Excluding the ~~positive~~adverse impact of movements in average currency exchange rates of ~~$7.1~~$18.2 million and the benefit of ~~$101.5~~$7.5 million from the ~~recent business acquisitions,~~acquisition of Rapro in April 2018, core sales ~~increased~~decreased by ~~9.8%~~5.4%, or ~~$75.2~~$50.7 million, compared with the prior year period. This ~~increase~~decrease was due ~~in approximately equal parts~~primarily to ~~higher~~lower volumes ~~and~~of $78.7 million, offset partially by benefits from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing ~~actions taken in response to inflation.~~actions.

~~Core~~The lower core sales growth in both the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was driven almost exclusively by sales to industrial ~~customers,~~end markets, which declined by 14.9% and 6.4%, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year periods. Industrial sales into the agriculture end market were particularly in the construction and general industrial end markets. We continued to see strong demand for hydraulics products, particularly in mobile industrial applications. Fluid Power had core growth across all of its commercial regions forweak during both the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018, with strong growth continuing in the emerging markets, particularly in Asia. During the three months ended September 29, 2018, East Asia~~28, 2019, declining by 18.6% and ~~India grew by 16.4%~~18.5%, respectively, compared with the prior year ~~period, predominantly in~~periods, driven primarily by North America. As expected, global construction end markets have continued to be challenging, with ~~a similar performance for~~sales declining during both the quarter and the nine ~~month period.~~months ended September 28, 2019, compared with the prior year periods, in both cases driven by North America and China. Fluid Power’s sales to automotive end markets were broadly stable during both the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year periods, with mid-single digit growth on a percentage basis in emerging markets during both periods.

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$62.2~~$45.3 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~25.4%~~27.2%, or ~~$12.6~~$16.9 million, compared with the prior year period Adjusted EBITDA of ~~$49.6~~$62.2 million. ~~Recent business acquisitions contributed $6.6 million of this increase.~~ The ~~remainder of the increase~~decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was driven primarily by ~~the benefit to gross profit~~lower volumes of $26.7 million and a $5.0 million adverse impact from ~~higher volumes and~~inflation. Partially offsetting these declines were benefits from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing actions ~~offset partially by a combination~~ of ~~raw material inflation~~$9.2 million, lower SG&A expenses of $3.2 million and ~~unfavorable movements in average exchange rates.~~decreased inbound freight costs. The Adjusted EBITDA margin consequently ~~increased~~decreased by 70310 basis points.

Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$192.4~~$160.7 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~25.2%~~16.5%, or ~~$38.7~~$31.7 million, compared with the prior year period Adjusted EBITDA of ~~$153.7~~$192.4 million. ~~Recent business acquisitions contributed $17.4 million of this increase. Consistent with~~Similar to the ~~three month period,~~quarter, the ~~remainder of the increase~~decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was driven primarily lower volumes of $42.8 million, a $15.9 million adverse impact from inflation and manufacturing performance impacts of $12.9 million driven by ~~the benefit from higher~~lower fixed cost absorption on lower volumes and ~~pricing actions,~~some excess variable costs. These impacts were offset partially by ~~higher SG&A expenses, higher costs associated with capacity constraints~~a $27.9 million benefit from favorable, inflation-mitigating pricing actions and ~~net unfavorable movements in average exchange rates.~~a $6.9 million benefit from our procurement initiatives. The Adjusted EBITDA margin consequently ~~increased~~decreased by 20220 basis points.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Treasury Responsibilities and Philosophy

Our primary liquidity and capital resource needs are for working capital, debt service requirements, capital expenditures, facility expansions and acquisitions. We expect to finance our future cash requirements with cash on hand, cash flows from operations and, where necessary, borrowings under our revolving credit facilities. We have historically relied on our cash flow from operations and various debt and equity financings for liquidity.

From time to time, we enter into currency derivative contracts to manage currency transaction exposures. Similarly from time to time, we may enter into interest rate derivatives to maintain the desired mix of floating and fixed rate debt.

As market conditions warrant, we and our majority equity holders, Blackstone and its affiliates, may from time to time, seek to repurchase ~~debt~~ securities that we have issued or loans that we have borrowed in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise. Subject to any applicable limitations contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness, any such purchases may be funded by existing cash ~~balances~~ or by incurring new secured or unsecured debt, including borrowings under our credit facilities. The amounts involved in any such purchase transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material. Any such purchases may relate to a substantial amount of a particular tranche of debt, with a corresponding reduction, where relevant, in the trading liquidity of that debt. In addition, any such purchases made at prices below the “adjusted issue price” (as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) may result in taxable cancellation of indebtedness income to us, which ~~amounts~~ may be material, and result in related adverse tax consequences to us.

It is our policy to retain sufficient liquidity throughout the capital expenditure cycle to maintain our financial flexibility. We do not anticipate any material long-term deterioration in our overall liquidity position in the foreseeable ~~future. Management believes~~future, and we believe that ~~the level of working capital~~ as of September ~~29, 2018 is sufficient~~28, 2019, we have adequate liquidity and capital resources for ~~Gates’ present requirements.~~the next twelve months.

Cash Flow

Nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with the nine months ended September ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018

Cash provided by operations was ~~$142.3~~$145.2 million during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with cash provided by operations of ~~$149.9~~$142.3 million during the prior year period. Operating cash inflow before movements in operating assets and liabilities was ~~$359.3~~$210.0 million during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 compared with ~~$259.5~~$359.3 million during the prior year period, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$99.8~~$149.3 million which was due largely to the ~~improved~~lower operational performance ~~of Gates~~ which ~~flowed through to~~adversely impacted operating income. The movement in taxes payable, which was $54.6 million higher during the nine months ended September 28, 2019 compared with the prior year period, was due primarily to a non-cash increase in tax contingencies associated with our business reorganization in Europe. Movements in operating assets and liabilities other than taxes payable during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 gave rise to a decrease of ~~$217.0~~$113.0 million in cash compared with a decrease of ~~$109.6~~$210.6 million in the prior year period. ~~This~~The decrease, or further use of cash, during the current period was driven primarily by the ~~build of working capital~~decreases in trade accounts payable and inventories, both linked to lower production volumes. During the prior year period, the decrease was due primarily to increases in accounts receivable and inventories due to ~~increased demand.~~the strong demand environment.

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was ~~$214.1~~$69.6 million, compared with ~~$107.1~~$214.1 million in the prior year period. Capital expenditures ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$90.2~~$96.4 million from ~~$64.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to~~ $154.9 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018 to $58.5 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019, driven primarily by expenditures onin the prior year period related to the expansion of one of our existing facilities and onconstruction of two new ~~facilities that are being built to expand production capacity in our Fluid Power segment.~~facilities. During the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, we ~~also purchased the Rapro business for $50.9~~invested $11.7 million ~~net~~ of cash ~~acquired, whereas~~in interest-bearing investments in order to improve return on available cash. Net cash used in investing activities in the prior year period ~~we used $36.7~~included $50.9 million of cash paid in relation to ~~acquire Techflow Flexibles.~~the acquisition of Rapro in April 2018.

Net cash used in financing activities was ~~$187.1~~$40.1 million during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, compared with ~~$58.2~~$187.1 million ~~net cash used in financing activities~~ in the prior year period. This net outflow in the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 related primarily to quarterly amortization payments under the term loans, together with $24.5 million of dividend payments to non-controlling shareholders of certain majority-owned subsidiaries. In the prior year period, net cash used in financing activities related primarily to the net cash received from our initial public offering of $799.1 million and the use of those funds (in addition to a portion of cash on hand) to redeem debt of $913.7 million and to pay premiums thereon of $27.0 million. ~~We paid a further $18.8 million in quarterly amortization payments under the term loans. The net cash outflow from financing activities in~~In addition, during the prior year period, ~~was driven by payments~~we made $23.3 million of long-term debt of $670.1 million and debt issuance costs paid of $17.4 million, offset by the receipt of proceeds of $644.7 million. These cash flows related almost entirely to the debt refinancing transactions completed in April 2017. In addition, dividend payments to non-controlling shareholders of ~~our joint venture operations were $23.3 million during the nine months ended September 29, 2018, compared with $17.9 million in the prior year period.~~certain majority-owned subsidiaries.

Indebtedness

~~During the periods presented, our~~Our long-term debt, ~~in issue consisted~~consisting principally of two term loans and two unsecured ~~notes. Our long-term debt as of September 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017~~notes, was as follows:


	Carrying amount				Principal amount				Carrying amount				Principal amount
(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018		As of December 30, 2017		As of September 29, 2018		As of December 30, 2017		As of September 28, 2019		As of December 29, 2018		As of September 28, 2019		As of December 29, 2018
Debt:
—Secured
Term Loans (U.S. dollar and Euro denominated)	$	2,428.2	$	2,467.8	$	2,470.1	$	2,515.0	$	2,384.6	$	2,428.7	$	2,407.7	$	2,458.5
—Unsecured
Senior Notes (U.S. dollar and Euro denominated)	566.6		1,487.5		568.0		1,472.5		568.5		575.7		568.0		568.0
Other debt	0.7		0.4		0.7		0.4		0.2		0.6		0.2		0.6
	$	2,995.5	$	3,955.7	$	3,038.8	$	3,987.9	$	2,953.3	$	3,005.0	$	2,975.9	$	3,027.1

Details of our long-term debt are presented in note 1314 to ~~our~~the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report.

During January 2018, upon completion of our initial public offering, the applicable margins on each of the term loans was reduced by a further 0.25%, as agreed as part of the refinancing completed in November 2017.

During the first quarter of 2018, ~~Gates~~we redeemed in full ~~its~~our outstanding €235.0 million of Euro Senior Notes and made partial redemptions of the Dollar Senior Notes. All of these prepayments, totaling $913.7 million in principal, $27.0 million in redemption premiums and $3.1 million in accrued interest, were funded by the net proceeds from our initial public offering, ~~of approximately $799.1 million,~~ with the remainder of the funds coming from ~~excess~~ cash on hand.

Dollar and Euro Term Loans

~~Gates’~~Our secured credit facilities include a Dollar Term Loan credit facility and a Euro Term Loan credit facility that were drawn on July 3, 2014. These facilities mature on March 31, 2024, with a springing maturity of April 15, 2022 if more than $500.0 million of the Dollar Senior Notes remain in issue at that time. These term loan facilities bear interest at a floating rate. As of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, borrowings under the Dollar Term Loan facility, which currently bears interest at LIBOR, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus a margin of 2.75%, bore interest at a rate of ~~4.99%~~4.79% per annum. The Dollar Term Loan interest rate is re-set on the last business day of each month. As of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, the Euro Term Loan bore interest at Euro LIBOR, which is currently below 0%, subject to a floor of 0%, plus a margin of 3.00%. The Euro Term Loan interest rate is re-set on the last business day of each quarter.

2019.


	Three months ended					Nine months ended						Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Gain (loss) recognized in statement of operations	$	3.5	$	(14.0	)	$	32.6		$	(50.3	)
Gain recognized in statement of operations												$	24.5	$	3.5	$	29.8	$	32.6
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI	0.3		(9.5		)	(6.5		)	(29.7		)	3.2		0.3		2.5		(6.5		)
Total gains (losses)	$	3.8	$	(23.5	)	$	26.1		$	(80.0	)
Total gains												$	27.7	$	3.8	$	32.3	$	26.1

During the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, the above net transactional foreign exchange gains recognized in the other (income) expenses line ~~in the statement of operations were~~have been substantially offset by net foreign exchange ~~losses~~movements on Euro-denominated intercompany loans as part of our overall hedging strategy.

Unsecured Senior Notes

The Euro Senior Notes were redeemed in full in January 2018 and as of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, there were $568.0 million of Dollar Senior Notes outstanding. These Dollar Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on July 15, 2022 and bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 6.00% with semi-annual interest payments.

Revolving Credit Facility

~~Gates~~We also ~~has~~have a secured revolving credit facility, maturing on January 29, 2023, that provides for multi-currency revolving loans up to an aggregate principal amount of $185.0 million, with a letter of credit sub-facility of $20.0 million. ~~In January 2018, the maturity date of this~~This facility was extended to January 29, 2023, with a springing maturity of April 15, 2022 if more than $500.0 million of the Dollar Senior Notes remain in issue at that time. In addition, as part of this amendment, the facility size was increased from $125.0 million to $185.0 million.

~~As of both September 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, there were $0 drawings for cash under the revolving credit facility and there were no letters of credit outstanding.~~

~~Asset-Backed Revolver~~

Gates has a revolving credit facility backed by certain of its assets in North America. The facility allows for loans of up to a maximum of $325.0 million ($325.0 million as of September 29, 2018, compared with $293.7 million as of December 30, 2017, basedmatures on ~~the values of the secured assets on those dates) with a letter of credit sub-facility of $150.0 million within this maximum. In January 2018, the maturity date of this facility was extended to~~ January 29, 2023, with a springing maturity of April 15, 2022 if more than $500.0 million of the Dollar Senior Notes remain in issue at that time.

As of both September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, there were no drawings for cash under the revolving credit facility and there were no letters of credit outstanding.

Asset-Backed Revolver

We have a revolving credit facility backed by certain of our assets in North America. The facility allows for loans of up to a maximum of $325.0 million ($309.2 million as of September 28, 2019, compared with $325.0 million as of December 29, 2018, based on the values of the secured assets on those dates) with a letter of credit sub-facility of $150.0 million within this maximum. The facility matures on January 29, 2023, with a springing maturity of April 15, 2022 if more than $500.0 million of the Dollar Senior Notes remain in issue at that time.

As of both September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, ~~and December 30, 2017,~~ there were $0no drawings for cash under the asset-backed ~~revolver. The~~revolver, but there were letters of credit outstanding ~~under the asset-backed revolver were $56.7~~of $50.2 million and ~~$58.0~~$57.8 million, ~~as of September 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017,~~ respectively.

Non-guarantor subsidiaries

The majority of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries are guarantors of the senior secured credit facilities.

For the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, before intercompany eliminations, our non-guarantor subsidiaries represented approximately 69% of our net sales and ~~66%~~61% of our EBITDA as defined in the financial covenants attaching to the senior secured credit facilities. As of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, before intercompany eliminations, our non-guarantor subsidiaries represented approximately ~~138%~~80% of our total assets and approximately ~~120%~~66% of our total liabilities. After adjusting for intercompany loans payable and receivable by Finco Omaha Limited, a non-guarantor intermediate holding company, and certain changes in intercompany relationships related to our IPO structure, our non-guarantor subsidiaries represented approximately ~~51%~~69% of our total assets and approximately ~~39%~~21% of our total liabilities. The intercompany loan asset and liability held by Finco Omaha Limited largely offset each other.

Net Debt

During the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, our net debt decreased by ~~$692.1~~$83.9 million from ~~$3,391.3~~$2,603.7 million as of December ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018 to ~~$2,699.2~~$2,519.8 million as of September ~~29, 2018. The primary driver of this~~28, 2019. Excluding changes in foreign currency exchange rates, the decrease ~~was the~~in net ~~cash proceeds of $799.1 million received from our initial public offering and cash provided by operating activities~~debt during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 was driven primarily by the increase in cash, a function of ~~$142.3 million. Partially offsetting this decrease in net debt was~~cash provided by operating activities of $145.2 million, offset partially by capital expenditures of ~~$154.9 million, the acquisition of Rapro for $50.9 million, the payment of the debt redemption premiums of $27.0~~$58.5 million and ~~the payment of~~ dividends ~~of $23.3 million~~paid to non-controlling shareholders of ~~our joint venture operations.~~$24.5 million.

Movements in foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable net impact of ~~$7.7~~$29.5 million on net debt during the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, with the majority of the movement relating to the impact ~~on our Euro-denominated debt~~ of the weakening of the Euro against the U.S. ~~dollar.~~dollar on our Euro-denominated debt.

Borrowing Headroom

As of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, our asset-backed revolving credit facility had a borrowing base of ~~$325.0~~$309.2 million, being the maximum amount we can draw down based on the current value of the secured assets. The facility was undrawn for cash, but there were letters of credit outstanding against the facility amounting to ~~$56.7~~$50.2 million. We also have a secured revolving credit facility that provides for multi-currency revolving loans up to an aggregate principal amount of $185.0 million.

In total, our committed borrowing headroom was ~~$453.3~~$444.0 million, in addition to cash balances of ~~$296.3~~$456.1 million.

Distributable Reserves

Under the laws of England and Wales, future dividend payments or share repurchases may only be made out of “distributable reserves” on the Company’s statutory balance sheet. During August 2019, the High Court of Justice in London sanctioned a reduction in the Company’s statutory capital for the purpose of creating distributable reserves by approving the cancellation of the deferred shares in issue and the cancellation of the entire amount standing to the credit of the Company’s share premium account, creating $5.5 billion of distributable reserves. These transactions, which have no impact on the consolidated U.S. GAAP financial statements, facilitate the possible future payment of dividends to shareholders of the Company or possible future share repurchases.

Non-GAAP Measures

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that represents net income or loss for the period before the impact of income taxes, net interest and other expenses, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is widely used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate the profitability of companies. EBITDA eliminates potential differences in performance caused by variations in capital structures (affecting net finance costs), tax positions (such as the availability of net operating losses against which to relieve taxable profits), the cost and age of tangible assets (affecting relative depreciation expense) and the extent to which intangible assets are identifiable (affecting relative amortization expense).

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as its key profitability measure. This is a non-GAAP measure that represents EBITDA before certain items that are considered to hinder comparison of the performance of our businesses on a period-over-period basis or with other businesses. We use Adjusted EBITDA as our measure of segment profitability to assess the performance of our businesses, and it is used for total Gates as well because we believe it is important to consider our profitability on a basis that is consistent with that of our operating segments, as well as that of our peer companies with a similar leveraged, private equity ownership history. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA should, therefore, be made available to securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to assist in their assessment of the performance of our businesses.

During the periods presented, the items excluded from EBITDA in computing Adjusted EBITDA primarily included:

the non-cash charges in relation to share-based compensation;

transaction-related expenses incurred in relation to business combinations and major corporate transactions, including acquisition integration activities;

~~the effect on cost of sales of fair value adjustments to the carrying amount of inventory acquired in business combinations;~~

impairments, comprising impairments of goodwill and significant impairments or write downs of other assets;

restructuring ~~expense;~~expenses;

the net gain or loss on disposals and on the exit of businesses; and

fees paid to our private equity sponsor for monitoring, advisory and consulting services.

Differences exist among our businesses and from period to period in the extent to which their respective employees receive share-based compensation or a charge for such compensation is recognized. We therefore exclude from Adjusted EBITDA the non-cash charges in relation to share-based compensation in order to assess the relative performance of our businesses.

We exclude from Adjusted EBITDA ~~those~~ acquisition-related costs that are required to be expensed in accordance with ~~Topic 805 “Business Combinations,” in~~U.S. GAAP. In particular, we exclude the effect on cost of sales of the uplift to the carrying amount of inventory held by entities acquired by Gates. We also exclude costs associated with major corporate transactions because we do not believe that they relate to our performance. Other items are excluded from Adjusted EBITDA because they are individually or collectively significant items that are not considered to be representative of the performance of our businesses. During the periods presented, we excluded restructuring ~~expense~~expenses that ~~reflects~~reflect specific, strategic actions taken by management to shutdown, downsize, or otherwise fundamentally reorganize areas of ~~Gates'~~Gates’ business; the net gain or loss on disposals of assets other than in the ordinary course of operations and gains and losses incurred in relation to non-Gates businesses disposed of in prior periods; and significant impairments of intangibles and of other assets, representing the excess of their carrying amounts over the amounts that are expected to be recovered from them in the future.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA exclude items that can have a significant effect on our profit or loss and should, therefore, be used in conjunction with, not as substitutes for, profit or loss for the period. Management compensates for these limitations by separately monitoring net income from continuing operations for the period.

The following table reconciles net income from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:


	Three months ended					Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018		September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net income from continuing operations	$	67.0	$	18.1		$	189.3	$	52.4		$	37.5	$	67.0	$	669.3		$	189.3
Income tax expense	7.2		15.9			30.4		32.9
Income tax expense (benefit)											4.4		7.2		(497.8		)	30.4
Net interest and other expenses	43.6		65.9			157.3		225.7			34.8		43.6		107.3			157.3
Depreciation and amortization	53.7		52.0			163.3		158.2			55.1		53.7		167.4			163.3
EBITDA	171.5		151.9			540.3		469.2			131.8		171.5		446.2			540.3
Transaction-related expenses	0.2		7.2			6.2		11.3			1.0		0.2		0.7			6.2
Impairment of intangibles and other assets	0.2		—			0.6		—			0.7		0.2		0.7			0.6
Restructuring expense	1.2		2.4			3.2		8.3
Share-based compensation	2.3		1.2			5.5		2.9
Restructuring expenses											0.3		1.2		3.9			3.2
Share-based compensation expense											4.1		2.3		10.5			5.5
Sponsor fees (included in other operating expenses)	1.9		1.5			5.9		4.5			1.1		1.9		4.9			5.9
Impact of fair value adjustment on inventory (included in cost of sales)	—		—			0.3		—			—		—		—			0.3
Non-recurring inventory adjustments (included in costs of sales)	—		—			0.8		—
Other operating expenses (income)	3.2		(0.1		)	6.6		(0.1		)
Other non-recurring adjustments (included in SG&A)	0.7		—			0.6		—
Inventory impairments and adjustments (included in cost of sales)											1.0		—		1.3			0.8
Duplicate expenses incurred on facility relocation											—		1.5		—			4.6
Severance-related expenses (included in cost of sales)											2.5		—		3.0			—
Other primarily severance-related expenses (included in SG&A)											1.8		0.7		3.0			0.6
Other operating expenses											0.7		1.7		1.7			2.0
Adjusted EBITDA	$	181.2	$	164.1		$	570.0	$	496.1		$	145.0	$	181.2	$	475.9		$	570.0

Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-GAAP measure that represents Adjusted EBITDA expressed as a percentage of net sales. We use Adjusted EBITDA margin to measure the success of our businesses in managing our cost base and improving profitability.


	Three months ended						Nine months ended						Three months ended						Nine months ended
(dollars in millions)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net sales	$	828.4		$	760.6		$	2,555.5		$	2,259.9		$	746.6		$	828.4		$	2,361.4		$	2,555.5
Adjusted EBITDA	$	181.2		$	164.1		$	570.0		$	496.1		$	145.0		$	181.2		$	475.9		$	570.0
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)	21.9		%	21.6		%	22.3		%	22.0		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin													19.4		%	21.9		%	20.2		%	22.3		%

Core growth reconciliations

Core sales growth is a non-GAAP measure that represents net sales for the period excluding the impacts of movements in average currency exchange rates and the first-year impacts of acquisitions and disposals. We present core growth because it allows for a meaningful comparison of year-over-year performance without the volatility caused by foreign currency gains or losses or the incomparability that would be caused by ~~the impact~~impacts of ~~an acquisition~~acquisitions or ~~disposal.~~disposals. Management believes that this measure is therefore useful for securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to assist in their assessment of the ~~trading~~operating performance of our businesses. The closest GAAP measure is net sales.

(dollars in millions) Power Transmission Fluid Power Total
Net sales for the three months ended September 29, 2018 $ 512.5
$ 315.9
$ 828.4
Impact on net sales of movements in currency rates 10.9
5.7
16.6
Impact on net sales from recent acquisitions —
(29.4 ) (29.4 )
Core revenue for the three months ended September 29, 2018 523.4

292.2

815.6

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017 499.9
260.7
760.6
Increase in net sales on a core basis (core revenue) $ 23.5

$ 31.5

$ 55.0

Core revenue growth (%) 4.7 % 12.1 % 7.2 %

(dollars in millions) Power Transmission Fluid Power Total
Net sales for the nine months ended September 29, 2018 $ 1,608.1
$ 947.4
$ 2,555.5
Impact on net sales of movements in currency rates (34.9 ) (7.1 ) (42.0 )
Impact on net sales from recent acquisitions —
(101.5 ) (101.5 )
Core revenue for the nine months ended September 29, 2018 1,573.2
838.8
2,412.0

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 1,496.3
763.6
2,259.9
Increase in net sales on a core basis (core revenue) $ 76.9
$ 75.2
$ 152.1

Core revenue growth (%) 5.1 % 9.8 % 6.7 %



	Three months ended September 28, 2019

(dollars in millions)	Power Transmission			Fluid Power			Total
Net sales	$	474.4		$	272.2		$	746.6
Impact on net sales of movements in currency rates	7.6			3.5			11.1
Core revenue	$	482.0		$	275.7		$	757.7

Net sales for the three months ended September 29, 2018	512.5			315.9			828.4
Decrease in net sales on a core basis (core revenue)	$	(30.5	)	$	(40.2	)	$	(70.7	)

Core revenue growth	(6.0		%)	(12.7		%)	(8.5		%)



	Nine months ended September 28, 2019

(dollars in millions)	Power Transmission			Fluid Power			Total
Net sales	$	1,475.4		$	886.0		$	2,361.4
Impact on net sales of movements in currency rates	52.6			18.2			70.8
Impact on net sales from recent acquisitions	—			(7.5		)	(7.5		)
Core revenue	$	1,528.0		$	896.7		$	2,424.7

Net sales for the nine months ended September 29, 2018	1,608.1			947.4			2,555.5
Decrease in net sales on a core basis (core revenue)	$	(80.1	)	$	(50.7	)	$	(130.8	)

Core revenue growth	(5.0		%)	(5.4		%)	(5.1		%)

Net Debt

Management uses net debt, rather than the narrower measure of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash which forms the basis for the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, as a measure of our liquidity and in assessing the strength of our balance sheet.

Management analyzes the key cash flow items driving the movement in net debt to better understand and assess Gates’ cash performance and utilization in order to maximize the efficiency with which resources are allocated. The analysis of cash movements in net debt also allows management to more clearly identify the level of cash generated from operations that remains available for distribution after servicing our debt and post-employment benefit obligations and after the cash impacts of acquisitions and disposals.

Net debt represents the net total of:

the ~~carrying~~principal amount of our debt; and

the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents.

Net debt was as follows:


(dollars in millions)	As of September 29, 2018		As of December 30, 2017		As of September 28, 2019		As of December 29, 2018
Debt	$	2,995.5	$	3,955.7
Principal amount of debt					$	2,975.9	$	3,027.1
Cash and cash equivalents	296.3		564.4		456.1		423.4
Net debt	$	2,699.2	$	3,391.3	$	2,519.8	$	2,603.7

The principal amount of debt is reconciled to the carrying amount of debt as follows:



(dollars in millions)	As of September 28, 2019			As of December 29, 2018
Principal amount of debt	$	2,975.9		$	3,027.1
Accrued interest	18.9			26.6
Deferred issuance costs	(41.5		)	(48.7		)
Carrying amount of debt	$	2,953.3		$	3,005.0

Adjusted EBITDA adjustments for ratio calculation purposes

The financial maintenance ratio in our revolving credit agreement and other ratios related to incurrence-based covenants (measured only upon the taking of certain actions, including the incurrence of additional indebtedness) under our revolving credit facility, our term loan facility and the indenture governing our outstanding notes are calculated in part based on financial measures similar to Adjusted EBITDA as presented elsewhere in this quarterly report, which financial measures are determined at the Gates Global LLC level and adjust for certain additional items such as severance costs, the pro forma impacts of acquisitions and the pro forma impacts of cost-saving initiatives. These additional adjustments during the last 12 months, as calculated pursuant to such agreements, resulted in a net benefit to Adjusted EBITDA for ratio calculation purposes o~~f $9.6~~of $15.0 million.

Gates Industrial Corporation plc is not an obligor under our revolving credit facility, our term loan facility or the indenture governing our outstanding notes. Gates Global LLC, an indirect subsidiary of Gates Industrial Corporation plc, is the borrower under our revolving credit facility and our term loan facility and the issuer of our outstanding notes. The only significant difference between the results of operations and net assets that would be shown in the consolidated financial statements of Gates Global LLC and those for the Company that are included elsewhere in this quarterly report is a receivable of $8.7 million and $11.8 million as of September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively, due to Gates Global LLC and its subsidiaries from indirect parent entities of Gates Global LLC and additional cash and cash equivalents held by the Company of ~~$1.2~~$1.3 million and ~~$8.3~~$1.1 million as of September 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, ~~and December 30, 2017,~~ respectively.

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our market risk includes the potential loss arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. From time to time, we use derivative financial instruments, principally foreign currency swaps, forward foreign currency contracts, interest rate caps (options), and interest rate swaps to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. We do not hold or issue derivatives for speculative purposes and monitor closely the credit quality of the institutions with which we transact. Our objective in managing these risks is to reduce fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rate movements. For a discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, please refer to our annual report from which our exposure to market risk has not materially changed.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

Information regarding legal proceedings is incorporated into this Part II, Item 1 from note 1820 of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Gates’ annual report, which could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results or liquidity or future results. The risks described in the annual report are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that it currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the annual report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds



Purchases of Equity Securities by Affiliated Purchasers⁽¹⁾
Period	Total number of shares purchased	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs⁽²⁾	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
6/30/2019 - 7/31/2019	—	$	—	N/A	N/A
8/1/2019 - 8/31/2019	1,161,708	$	8.18	N/A	N/A
9/1/2019 - 9/28/2019	117,100	$	8.65	N/A	N/A
Total	1,278,808	$	8.22	N/A	N/A

⁽¹⁾

The table reflects open market purchases of our common stock by Omaha Aggregator (Cayman) L.P. (“Omaha”), an entity affiliated with Blackstone, and is based upon Omaha’s filings with the SEC. Under Exchange Act Rule 10b-18, Omaha may be deemed to be an “affiliated purchaser” because it may be considered to be under common control with us. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the periods reflected in the table.


⁽²⁾	No purchases reflected in the table were made pursuant to a publicly announced plan or program.

Item 6: Exhibits



Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Gates Industrial Corporation plc (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to its Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed on January 8, 2018 (File No. 333-222310)).
3.2	Articles of Association of Gates Industrial Corporation plc, ~~(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 29, 2018 (File No. 001-38366)).~~
~~10.1~~	~~Gates Industrial Corporation plc 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan.*†~~
~~10.2~~	~~Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Agreement under the Gates Industrial Corporation plc 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan.*†~~
~~10.3~~	~~Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Gates Industrial Corporation plc 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (Non-Employee Director).*†~~
~~10.4~~	~~Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Gates Industrial Corporation plc 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (Employee).*†~~
~~10.5~~	~~Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement under the Gates Industrial Corporation plc 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan.†~~effective October 7, 2019
31.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2	Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101	The following financial information from Gates Industrial ~~Corporation's~~Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018,~~28, 2019, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and September ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and September ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and December ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September ~~29, 2018~~28, 2019 and September ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Shareholders'~~Shareholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.*

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

~~† Management contract~~The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or ~~compensatory plan~~other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or ~~arrangement.~~other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



GATES INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION PLC (Registrant)
By:	/s/ David H. Naemura
	Name:	David H. Naemura
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: November ~~2, 2018~~6, 2019

5256



(dollars in millions)	Rapro		Atlas Hydraulics		Techflow Flexibles
Assets acquired
Accounts receivable	$	2.9	$	10.3	$	1.7
Inventories	5.5		21.2		4.2
Prepaid expenses and other receivables	1.5		0.5		1.7
Taxes receivable	0.1		2.7		—
Property, plant and equipment	1.8		24.5		13.0
Intangible assets	0.1		23.0		3.8
Total assets	11.9		82.2		24.4

Liabilities assumed
Bank loans	1.2		—		—
Accounts payable	3.7		5.5		2.6
Accrued expenses	0.3		2.4		4.8
Other current liabilities	1.8		11.6		0.3
Taxes payable	1.0		0.1		1.9
Deferred income taxes	—		11.6		0.6
Total liabilities	8.0		31.2		10.2
Net assets acquired	$	3.9	$	51.0	$	14.2



(in millions)	Notional value
Covering current periods:
Through June 30, 2019	$	1,000.0
Through June 30, 2020	$	200.0
Covering future periods:
June 28, 2019 to June 30, 2020	$	1,000.0
July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023	€	425.0