Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during this preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or an emerging growth Company.company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller
reporting company) ☐☒
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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒ ☐
† The term "new or revised financial accounting standard" refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the Registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
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☐ | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board |
If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow.
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain matters discussed herein may constitute forward-looking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor protections for forward-looking statements in order to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their business. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are other than statements of historical facts.
The Company desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation. The words "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "forecast," "project," "plan," "potential," "may," "should," "expect," "pending" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements are based upon various assumptions, many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without limitation, our management's examination of historical operating trends, data contained in our records and other data available from third parties. Although we believe that these assumptions were reasonable when made, because these assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and are beyond our control, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish these expectations, beliefs or projections. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Important factors that, in our view, could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include the strength of world economies and currencies, general market conditions, including fluctuations in charter rates and vessel values, changes in demand in the platform supplyoffshore support vessel (PSV)(the "OSV") market, as a result of changes in the general market conditions of the oil and natural gas industry which influence charter hire rates and vessel values, demand in platform supply vessels,OSVs, the length and severity of the recent novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") outbreak, including its impact on demand for OSVs, our operating expenses, including bunker prices, dry docking and insurance costs, governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities as well as potential liability from pending or future litigation, general domestic and international political conditions, potential disruption of shipping routes due to accidents or political events, the availability of financing and refinancing, vessel breakdowns and instances of off-hire and other important factors described from time to time in the reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the SEC.(the "SEC").
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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H. Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies | 31 |
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PART I
ITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicableapplicable.
ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicableapplicable.
ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION
Throughout this annual report, all references to "Nordic American"Hermitage Offshore," "NAO," the "Company," "we," "our," and "us" refer to Nordic AmericanHermitage Offshore Services Ltd. and its subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to "U.S. dollars," "USD," "dollars," "US$""dollars" and "$" in this annual report are to the lawful currency of the United States of America, references to "Norwegian Kroner" and "NOK" are to the lawful currency of Norway and references to "British Pounds" and "GBP" are to the lawful currency of the United Kingdom.
A.Selected Financial Data
In April 2019, we acquired 13 vessels consisting of two anchor handling tug supply vessels (the “AHTS vessels”) and 11 crew boats from Scorpio Offshore Holding Inc. (“SOHI”), a related party, in exchange for 8,126,219 of our common shares, which we refer to herein as the “Transaction.” As a result of the Transaction, SOHI and its affiliated entities, which are part of the Scorpio group of companies (collectively referred to as “Scorpio”), obtained a controlling voting interest in us. Accordingly, under the relevant accounting guidance, Scorpio was identified as the accounting acquirer of the Company, and the Transaction is considered to be a reverse acquisition. Moreover, we determined that the Transaction constituted a reverse acquisition of assets rather than a reverse business combination. Under the applicable accounting guidance, a reverse asset acquisition results in a change in the basis of accounting on the Transaction date. As a result, the financial information presented following the Transaction is not directly comparable to historical periods and therefore we refer to the financial information prior to the Transaction as “Predecessor” information and financial information following the Transaction as “Successor” information. For more information regarding the Transaction and its effect on our accounting methods, please see “Note 1. Nature of Business” to our consolidated financial statements contained herein.
The following selected historical financial information should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and related notes, which are included herein, together with Item"Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects." The Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) data for the periods January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), and the years ended December 31, 2016, 20152018 and 20142017 (Predecessor) and the selected balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet data as of December 31, 20162019 (Successor) and 2015 2018 (Predecessor) have been derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this document. The Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) data for the period from October 17, 2013 (inception) untilyears ended December 31, 20132016 and 2015 (Predecessor), and the selected balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet data as of December 31, 20132017, 2016 and 2015 (Predecessor) have been derived from our audited financial statements not included in this Annual Reportannual report on Form 20-F.
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA All figures in thousands of USD except share data | | Year ended December 31, | | | From October 17, 2013 to December 31, | |
| | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Charter Revenues | | | 17,697 | | | | 36,372 | | | | 52,789 | | | | 1,280 | |
Charter Costs | | | (1,448 | ) | | | (1,523 | ) | | | (1,281 | ) | | | (108 | ) |
Vessel Operating Costs | | | (24,137 | ) | | | (24,580 | ) | | | (23,038 | ) | | | (686 | ) |
General and Administrative Costs | | | (4,503 | ) | | | (4,261 | ) | | | (5,815 | ) | | | (482 | ) |
Depreciation Costs | | | (16,152 | ) | | | (14,379 | ) | | | (11,393 | ) | | | (262 | ) |
Net Operating (Loss) Income | | | (28,543 | ) | | | (8,372 | ) | | | 11,262 | | | | (258 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest Income | | | 10 | | | | 34 | | | | 258 | | | | 138 | |
Interest Costs | | | (3,467 | ) | | | (1,807 | ) | | | (1,044 | ) | | | - | |
Other Financial (Costs) Income | | | (151 | ) | | | (699 | ) | | | (2,333 | ) | | | 50 | |
Total Other (Costs) Income | | | (3,608 | ) | | | (2,472 | ) | | | (3,119 | ) | | | 188 | |
Income Tax | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,212 | ) | | | - | |
Net (Loss) Income | | | (32,151 | ) | | | (10,844 | ) | | | 6,931 | | | | (70 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Share | | | (1.54 | ) | | | (0.47 | ) | | | 0.34 | | | | (0.01 | ) |
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Share | | | (1.54 | ) | | | (0.47 | ) | | | 0.34 | | | | (0.01 | ) |
Cash Dividends Declared per Share | | | 0.28 | | | | 0.94 | | | | 1.35 | | | | - | |
Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding | | | 20,939,260 | | | | 23,203,142 | | | | 20,314,530 | | | | 8,772,166 | |
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding | | | 20,939,260 | | | | 23,203,142 | | | | 20,350,404 | | | | 8,772,166 | |
Market Price per Common Share as of December 31, | | | 2.75 | | | | 5.27 | | | | 12.28 | | | NA | |
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Other Financial Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities | | | (16,262 | ) | | | 5,987 | | | | 17,183 | | | | (545 | ) |
Dividends Paid | | | (5,997 | ) | | | (21,922 | ) | | | (31,221 | ) | | | - | |
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Selected Balance Sheet Data (at period end): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | | | 2,953 | | | | 5,339 | | | | 46,398 | | | | 109,819 | |
Total Assets (1) | | | 374,854 | | | | 336,200 | | | | 322,421 | | | | 245,382 | |
Total Long-Term Debt (1) (2) | | | 136,193 | | | | 45,833 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Common Stock | | | 234 | | | | 234 | | | | 234 | | | | 167 | |
Total Shareholders' Equity | | | 234,196 | | | | 280,857 | | | | 319,230 | | | | 243,321 | |
1
(1) | We have adopted Accounting Standard Update No. 2015-03, Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability rather than an asset. This has been applied retrospectively to the comparative balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. The application reduces Long-Term Debt from $137,000 to $136,193 and $47,000 to $45,833 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (all numbers in thousands of U.S. dollars). As of December 31, 2014 and 2013 we had no long-Term debt. The application reduces Total Assets from $375,661 to $374,854 and $337,367 to $336,200 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There were no changes for the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2013.
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(2) | The outstanding amount drawn on our Credit Facility was $137,000 and $47,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (all numbers in thousands of U.S. dollars). |
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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA All figures in thousands of USD except share data |
| Successor | | | Predecessor |
| April 9 - December 31, 2019 | | | January 1 - April 8, 2019 | | Year ended December 31, |
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Data | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
Charter revenue | 36,555 |
| | | 5,258 |
| | 20,654 |
| | 17,895 |
| | 17,697 |
| | 36,372 |
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Vessel operating expenses | (27,230 | ) | | | (6,612 | ) | | (25,173 | ) | | (20,454 | ) | | (24,137 | ) | | (24,580 | ) |
Voyage expenses | (1,124 | ) | | | (395 | ) | | (2,215 | ) | | (1,815 | ) | | (1,448 | ) | | (1,523 | ) |
General and administrative expenses | (4,534 | ) | | | (1,207 | ) | | (4,757 | ) | | (4,222 | ) | | (4,503 | ) | | (4,261 | ) |
Depreciation | (8,452 | ) | | | (2,205 | ) | | (17,298 | ) | | (17,472 | ) | | (16,152 | ) | | (14,379 | ) |
Impairment loss on vessels | — |
| | | — |
| | (160,080 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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Net operating loss | (4,785 | ) | | | (5,161 | ) | | (188,869 | ) | | (26,068 | ) | | (28,543 | ) | | (8,372 | ) |
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Interest income | 39 |
| | | 21 |
| | 207 |
| | 298 |
| | 10 |
| | 34 |
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Interest expense | (6,571 | ) | | | (2,555 | ) | | (8,031 | ) | | (4,880 | ) | | (3,467 | ) | | (1,807 | ) |
Other financial expenses, net | (136 | ) | | | 32 |
| | (601 | ) | | 327 |
| | (151 | ) | | (699 | ) |
Net finance expenses | (6,668 | ) | | | (2,502 | ) | | (8,425 | ) | | (4,255 | ) | | (3,608 | ) | | (2,472 | ) |
Income tax benefit | — |
| | | — |
| | — |
| | 997 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Net loss | (11,453 | ) | | | (7,663 | ) | | (197,294 | ) | | (29,326 | ) | | (32,151 | ) | | (10,844 | ) |
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Basic and diluted loss per share | (0.56 | ) | | | (1.04 | ) | | (31.50 | ) | | (5.33 | ) | | (15.35 | ) | | (4.67 | ) |
Cash dividends declared per share | — |
| | | — |
| | 0.21 |
| | 0.8 |
| | 2.8 |
| | 9.4 |
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Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 20,481,174 |
| | | 7,374,069 |
| | 6,263,094 |
| | 5,499,561 |
| | 2,093,926 |
| | 2,320,314 |
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Other Financial Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (10,298 | ) | | | (6,789 | ) | | (21,807 | ) | | (14,032 | ) | | (16,262 | ) | | 5,987 |
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Dividends paid | — |
| | | — |
| | (1,860 | ) | | (4,933 | ) | | (5,997 | ) | | (21,922 | ) |
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Selected Balance Sheet Data: | Successor | | Predecessor |
| As of December 31, | | As of December 31, |
In thousands of U.S. dollars | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 12,681 |
| | 8,446 |
| | 31,506 |
| | 2,953 |
| | 5,339 |
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Total assets | 201,909 |
| | 191,074 |
| | 387,711 |
| | 374,854 |
| | 336,200 |
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Total long-term debt | 141,698 |
| | 132,457 |
| | 136,552 |
| | 136,193 |
| | 45,833 |
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Total shareholders' equity | 52,128 |
| | 54,064 |
| | 248,273 |
| | 234,196 |
| | 280,857 |
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B.Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C.Reasons for the offer and use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D.Risk Factors
Some of the following risks relate principally to the industry in which we operate. Other risks relate principally to ownership of our common shares. The occurrence of any of the events described in this section could significantly and negatively affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash available for dividendsto service our debt or the trading price of our common shares.
Industry Specific Risk Factors
We rely on the oil and natural gas industry, and volatile oil and natural gas activity impacts demand for our services.
Our vessels are all focused on, and used primarily in, the oil and gas business, including in the installation, maintenance and movement of oil and gas platforms. Demand for our services, dependsas well as our operations, growth, and stability in the value of our vessels, depend on activity in offshore oil and natural gas exploration, development and production. The level of exploration, development and production activity is affected by factors such as:
prevailing oil and natural gas prices;
the ability or willingness of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC"), to control oil production levels and pricing, as well as the level of production by non-OPEC countries;
expectations about future oil and gas prices and price volatility;
cost of exploring for, producing and delivering oil and natural gas;
sale and expiration dates of available offshore leases;
demand for petroleum products;
current availability of oil and natural gas resources;
rate of discovery of new oil and natural gas reserves in offshore areas;
local and international political, environmental and economic conditions;
technological advances; and
the ability of oil and natural gas companies to obtain leases, permits or obtain funds for capital.
The level of offshore exploration, development and production activity has historically been characterized by volatility. The oil and gas drilling industry is cyclical, and the industry is incurrently amidst a down cycle. Between March 2014 and March, 2017cycle that is marked by extreme volatility, with the price of Brent crude fell from over $100 per barrel(and other worldwide benchmarks) falling to approximately $55 per barrel, reaching a low point in January 2016 of less than $30 per barrel.historic lows. In response to the decrease in the prices of oil and natural gas, expenditures for offshore drilling decreased. Thedecreased over this period, and are experiencing an acute reduction in 2020 in response to the recent actions taken by Saudi Arabia and other OPEC members to increase the production of oil. While these countries subsequently agreed to production cuts, these production cuts have thus far done little to stem the volatility and oversupply that is plaguing the market.
This has consequently led to a decline in exploration and development of offshore areas and has resulted in a decline in demand for our offshore marine services. The lack of investment in offshore oil and gas exploration, development and production resulted in reductions in our day rates and utilization rates, and has had a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. A prolonged period of depressed or volatile oil and gas prices could cause difficulties in finding charter parties for our vessels or achieving consistent utilization, or we may be compelled to charter out our vessels at lower rates, which may result in decreased revenues and/or profitability and result in losses due to idle vessels.
3Volatility in economic conditions throughout the world could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
Our business and profitability are affected by the overall level of demand for our vessels, which in turn is affected by trends in global economic conditions. There has historically been a strong link between the development
of the world economy and demand for energy, including oil and gas. In the past, declines in global economic activity significantly reduced the level of demand for our vessels. The world economy continues to face a number of challenges and an extended period of deterioration in the outlook for the world economy could reduce the overall demand for oil and gas and for our services. Since the beginning of the calendar year 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in the implementation of numerous actions by governments and governmental agencies in an attempt to mitigate the spread of the virus. These measures have resulted in a significant reduction in global economic activity and extreme volatility in the global financial markets which has reduced the global demand for oil and refined petroleum products. We expect that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the uncertainty in the supply of oil will continue to cause volatility in the commodity markets. The scale and duration of the impact of these factors remain unknown but could have a material impact on our earnings, cash flow and financial condition for 2020.
If the COVID-19 pandemic continues on a prolonged basis or becomes more severe, day rates and utilization in the markets in which we operate may deteriorate further and our operations and cash flows may be negatively impacted. In addition, a prolonged negative rate environment could result in the value of our vessels being impaired which could in turn impair our ability to access credit and capital markets in the future on favorable terms or at all.
Any such changes could adversely affect our future performance, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
We also face risks attendant to changes in interest rates, along with instability in the banking and securities markets around the world, among other factors. These risks factors may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and may cause the price of our common shares to decline.
Risks involved with operating ocean-going vessels could affect our business and reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
The operation of an ocean-going vessel carries inherent risks. These risks include the possibility of:
· | environmental accidents; |
· | cargo and property losses or damage; and business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, piracy, political action in various countries, labor strikes, or adverse weather conditions. These hazards may result in death or injury to persons, loss of revenues or property, payment of ransoms, environmental damage, higher insurance rates, damage to our customer relationships and market disruptions, which may reduce our revenue or damage; and |
· | business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, piracy, political action in various countries, labor strikes, or adverse weather conditions. |
Any of these circumstances or events could increase our costs or lower our revenues. Theexpenses and also subject us to litigation. Additionally, the involvement of our vessels in an oil spill or other environmental disaster maycould harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel operator. If our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking facility. The costs of drydock repairs are unpredictable and may be substantial. We may have to pay drydocking costs that our insurance does not cover in full. The loss of revenues while these vessels are being repaired and repositioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs, may adversely affect our business and financial condition. In addition, space at drydocking facilities is sometimes limited and not all drydocking facilities are conveniently located. We may be unable to find space at a suitable drydocking facility or our vessels may be forced to travel to a drydocking facility that is not conveniently located to our vessels’ positions. The loss of earnings while these vessels are forced to wait for space or to travel to more distant drydocking facilities may adversely affect our business and financial condition. Further, the total loss of any of our vessels could harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator. If we are unable to adequately maintain or safeguard our vessels, we may be unable to prevent any such damage, costs, or loss which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and available cash.
An increase in the supply of PSVsOSVs would likely have a negative effect on charter ratesthe demand for our vessels, which could in turn reduce the dayrates earned on our earnings.
vessels.Charter rates for OSVs, such as platform supply vessels or PSVs,("PSVs"), AHTS vessels, and crew boats, depend in part on the supply of vessels. Excess vessel capacityChanges in the industry or a particular offshore marketdemand for our vessels may result from:
· | constructing new vessels; |
· | moving vessels from one offshore market area to another; or |
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· | converting vessels formerly dedicated to services other than offshore marine services;
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the number of newbuilding orders and deliveries, including slippage in deliveries;the scrapping rate of older vessels, depending, among other things, on scrapping rates and international scrapping regulations;
moving vessels from one offshore market area to another;
the number of vessels that are out of service, namely those that are laid up, drydocked, awaiting repairs or otherwise not available for hire;
the financial health of our competitors, certain of which in recent years have undergone consolidation, financial restructuring, or bankruptcy filings, thus impacting their ability to maintain the operating condition of their vessels; and
the converting of vessels formerly dedicated to services other than offshore marine services.
In the last ten years, construction of vessels of the type we operate has increased.increased (albeit at a much slower pace in recent years). The addition of new capacity of various types to the worldwide offshore marine fleet, areor the migration of vessels from other markets, is likely to increase competition in those markets where we presently operate which, in turn, could reduce day rates,dayrates, utilization rates and operating margins, which would affect our financial condition, and results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay dividends.
service our debt. The current market conditions stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic and volatility in oil prices may result in the scrapping or lay-up of older tonnage, but it is too early to assess the impact of this with a high degree of certainty.
We are dependent, and expect to continue to be dependent, on spot charters and term charters with short durations (less than one year) and any decrease in spot charterthese rates may adversely affect our earnings and our ability to pay dividends.
service our debt.
We currently own a fleetAs of 10the date of this annual report, all of our vessels 3(with the exception of two PSVs, which arewere in lay-up. The 7 which are in operation are currently employedwarm lay-up) were operating in the spot market. Wemarket or on term charters that are therefore highly dependent onexpected to expire within 12 months, exposing us to fluctuations in spot market charter rates. The spot charter ratesmarket may fluctuate significantly based upon the supply and demand for PSVsOSVs such as ours. The successful operation of our sizevessels in the competitive spot charter market depends on, among other things, obtaining profitable spot charters and minimizing, to the extent possible, time spent waiting for charters. The spot market is very volatile, and there have been highly volatile. The average PSVperiods when spot charter rate forrates have declined below the year ended 2015 was $7,276 per day and $7,667 per day foroperating cost of vessels. If future spot charter rates decline, we may be unable to operate our vessels trading in the year ended 2016.
spot market profitably, meet our obligations, including payments on indebtedness, or pay dividends in the future.
Our business has inherent operational risks, which may not be adequately covered by insurance.
In the event of a casualty to a vessel or other catastrophic event, we will rely on our insurance to pay the insured value of the vessel or the damages incurred. We procure insurance for the vessels in our fleet against those risks that we believe the shipping and offshore industry commonly insures against. This insurance includes marine hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance, which includeincludes pollution risks and crew liability insurance, and war risk insurance. Currently, the amount of coverage for liability for pollution, spillage and leakage available to us on commercially reasonable terms through protection and indemnity associations and providers of excess coverage is $1 billion per vessel per such occurrence.
We may not be adequately insured against all risks. We may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage for our fleet in the future, and we may not be able to obtain certain insurance coverages. The insurers may not pay particular claims. Our insurance policies may contain deductibles for which we will be responsible and limitations and exclusions which may increase our costs or lower our revenue.
We cannot assure you that we will be adequately insured against all risks or that we will be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates for our vessels in the future. For example, in the past more stringent environmental regulations have led to increased costs for, and in the future may result in the lack of availability of, insurance against risks of environmental damage or pollution. Additionally, our insurers may refuse to pay particular claims. Any significant loss or liability for which we are not insured could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Our operating results will beare subject to seasonal fluctuations, which could affect our operating results.
The operationsoperation of our fleet may be subject to seasonal factors dependent upon which region of the world we are operating our PSVs. Since inception, ourvessels. Our vessels have operated onlycurrently operate primarily in the North Sea and West Africa, however, if the terms and conditions for operations in other regions arebecome more favorable, we might fix contracts formay employ our vessels in other markets.
Operations in the North Sea are generally at their highest levels during the months from April through August and at their lowest levels from December through February primarily due to lower construction activity and harsh weather conditions affecting the movement and servicing of drilling rigs. Our operations in West Africa are generally not subject to seasonality fluctuations.
VolatileIf economic conditions throughout the world deteriorate or become more volatile, it could haveimpede our operations.
Our ability to secure funding is dependent on well-functioning capital markets and on an adverse impactappetite to provide funding to the shipping and offshore industry. We are currently facing adversity in both global economic conditions and economic conditions within our industry. If these conditions persist or worsen, lenders for any reason may decide not to provide debt financing to us, or we may not be able to secure additional financing to the extent required, on acceptable terms or at all. If additional financing is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to meet our operations and financial results.
obligations as they come due, or we may be unable to enhance our existing business, complete additional vessel acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities as they arise.
The world economy continues to facefaces a number of challenges including, but not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic, trade wars, the effects of volatile oil prices, continuing turmoil and hostilities in the Middle East, the Korean Peninsula, North Africa and other geographic areas and continuingcountries. If one or more of the major national or regional economies should weaken, there is a substantial risk that such a downturn will impact the world economy.
In China, a transformation of the economy is underway, as the country transforms from a production-driven economy towards a service or consumer-driven economy. The Chinese economic weaknesstransition implies that we do not expect the Chinese economy to return to double digit GDP growth rates in the European Unionnear term. According to the International Monetary Fund, the growth rate of China's GDP is expected to decrease during 2020, in large part due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there is a rising threat of a Chinese financial crisis resulting from substantial personal and the Asia Pacific Region. There has historically been a strong link between the development of the world economy and demand for energy, including oil and gas. An extended period of deteriorationcorporate indebtedness.
Credit markets in the outlook forUnited States and Europe have in the world economy could reduce the overall demand for oilpast experienced significant contraction, de-leveraging and gasreduced liquidity, and for our services.
Thethere is a risk that U.S. federal and state governments and European Union continuesauthorities continue to experience relatively slow growth. Since the beginningimplement a broad variety of governmental action and/or new regulation of the financial crisis in 2008, the creditmarkets. Global financial markets in Europe have experienced significant contraction, deleveraging and reduced liquidity. While crediteconomic conditions are stabilizing, global financial markets have been, and continue to be, volatile. Lending by financial institutions worldwide remains at lower levels comparedvolatile in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We face risks attendant to the period prior to 2008.
Continuedchanges in economic slowdownenvironments, changes in interest rates and instability in the Asia Pacific region, especiallybanking and securities markets around the world, among other factors. We cannot predict how long the current downturn in China,market conditions will last. These recent and developing economic and governmental factors may exacerbate thehave a material adverse effect on usour results of the recent slowdown in the rest of the world. In recent history, China has had one of the world's fastest growing economies in terms of gross domestic product, or GDP, which had a significant impact on the shipping demand. The growth rate of China's GDP for the year ended December 31, 2016, is estimated to be around 6.7%, the slowest growth rate in twenty five years. Chinaoperations and other countries in the Asia Pacific region may continue to experience slowed or even negative economic growth in the future. Our financial condition and resultsmay cause the price of operations, as well as our future prospects, would likely be impeded by a continuing or worseningcommon shares to decline.
Prospective investors should consider the potential impact, uncertainty and risk associated with developments in the global economy. Further economic downturn in any of these countries.
countries could have a material effect on our future performance, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
The state of global financial markets and economic conditions may adversely impact our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, which may hinder or prevent us from expanding our business.
Global financial markets and economic conditions have been, and continue to be, volatile. In recent years, operating businesses in the global economy have faced tightening credit, weakening demand for goods and services, deteriorating international liquidity conditions, and declining markets. Since 2008, there has been a general decline in the willingness of banks and other financial institutions to extend credit, particularly in the shipping and offshore industry, due to the historically volatile asset values of vessels. As the shipping and offshore industry is highly dependent on the availability of credit to finance and expand operations, it has been negatively affected by this decline.
As a result of concerns about the stability of financial markets generally and the solvency of counterparties specifically, the cost of obtaining money from the credit markets has increasedmay increase as many lenders have increased interest rates, enacted tighter lending standards, refused to refinance existing debt at all or on terms similar to current debt and reduced, and in some cases ceased, to provide funding to borrowers. Due to these factors, additional financing may not be available if needed and to the extent required, on acceptable terms or at all. If additional financing is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to expand or meet our obligations as they come due or we may be unable to enhance our existing business, complete additional vessel acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities as they arise.
Further, governments may turn and have turned to trade barriers to protect their domestic industries against foreign imports, thereby depressing shipping demand. In particular, leaders in the United States and China have implemented certain increasingly protective trade measures, including tariffs, which have been somewhat mitigated by the recent trade deal (first phase trade agreement) between the United States and China in early 2020, which, among other things, requires China to purchase over $50 billion of energy products including crude oil. The results of the 2016 presidential election and the potential results of the upcoming 2020 presidential election in the United States have created significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States, China and other exporting countries, including with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs. Protectionist developments, or the perception that they may occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions, and may significantly reduce global trade. Moreover, increasing trade protectionism may cause an increase in (a) the cost of goods exported from regions globally, (b) the length of time required to transport goods and (c) the risks associated with exporting goods. Such increases may significantly affect the quantity of goods to be shipped, shipping time schedules, voyage costs and other associated costs, which could have an adverse impact on our charterers' business, operating results and financial condition and could thereby affect their ability to make timely charter hire payments to us and to renew and increase the number of their time charters with us. This could in turn have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Due to these factors, we cannot be certain that financing will be available if needed and to the extent required, on acceptable terms.terms, or at all.
Outbreaks of epidemic and pandemic diseases, including COVID-19, and governmental responses thereto could adversely affect our business.
Public health threats, such as COVID-19 (as described more fully below), influenza and other highly communicable diseases or viruses, outbreaks of which have from time to time occurred in various parts of the world in which we operate could adversely impact our operations as well as the operations of our customers. The recent outbreak of COVID-19, a virus causing potentially deadly respiratory tract infections first identified in Hubei province in China, and that has since spread globally, being declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has already caused severe global disruptions and may negatively affect economic conditions regionally as well as globally and otherwise impact our operations and the operations of our customers and suppliers. Governments in affected countries are imposing travel bans, quarantines and other emergency public health measures. In response to the virus, China, India, Italy, Spain, France, and the U.K. have implemented nationwide lockdown measures, and other countries and local governments may enact similar policies. Companies are also taking precautions, such as requiring employees to work remotely, imposing travel restrictions and temporarily closing businesses. These restrictions, and future prevention and mitigation measures, are likely to have an adverse impact on global economic conditions, which could materially and adversely affect our future operations. As a result of these measures, our vessels may not be able to call on ports, or may be restricted from disembarking from ports, located in regions affected by the outbreak. Uncertainties regarding the economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is likely to result in sustained market turmoil, which could also negatively impact our business, financial condition and cash flows. In addition these difficultieswe may adversely affectexperience severe operational disruptions and delays, unavailability of normal port infrastructure and services including limited access to equipment, critical goods and personnel, disruptions to crew change, quarantine of ships and/or crew, counterparty solidity, closure of ports and custom offices, as well as disruptions in the supply chain and industrial production, which may lead to reduced cargo demand, amongst other potential consequences attendant to epidemic and pandemic diseases. The extent of the COVID-19 outbreak’s effect on our operational and financial institutionsperformance will depend on future developments, including the duration, spread and intensity of the outbreak, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape. To our knowledge our vessel operations to date have not been materially affected by the COVID-19 outbreak as we have not had an outbreak of the virus on
any of our vessels and we have been able to effectively execute crew changes, or successfully extend crew rotations, on all of our vessels. Nevertheless, the ultimate severity of the COVID-19 outbreak is uncertain at this time and therefore we cannot predict the impact it may have on our future operations, which impact is likely to be material and adverse, particularly if the pandemic continues to evolve into a prolonged severe worldwide health crisis.
The Company has revised its cash flow forecasts in light of current economic conditions, and has determined that provide us with our original $60.0 million revolving credit facility, or our Credit Facility, which on March 16, 2015, was increased to $150.0 million, and may impair theirthere is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months of the date of this report. This determination, and the factors leading to performit, are discussed further below under their financing obligations to us, which could negatively impactthe risk factor entitled "There is substantial doubt about our ability to fund currentcontinue as a going concern".
The U.K.’s withdrawal from the European Union may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and future obligations. Asour business.
In June 2016, a majority of voters in the U.K. elected to withdraw from the EU in a national referendum (informally known as “Brexit”), a process that the government of the U.K. formally initiated in March 2017. Since then, the U.K. and the EU have been negotiating the terms of a withdrawal agreement, which was approved in October 2019 and ratified in January 2020. The U.K. formally exited the EU on January 31, 2020, although a transition period remains in place until December 31, 2016, we had drawn down an aggregate of $137.0 million under2020, during which the Credit Facility. However we are unable to draw further on the Credit Facility dueU.K. will be subject to the terms underrules and regulations of the waivers obtained.
The inabilityEU while continuing to negotiate the parties’ relationship going forward, including trade deals. There is currently no agreement in place regarding the aftermath of countriesthe withdrawal, creating significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.K. and the EU, including with respect to refinance their debtsthe laws and regulations that will apply as the U.K. determines which EU-derived laws to replace or replicate following the withdrawal. Brexit has also given rise to calls for the governments of other EU member states to consider withdrawal. These developments and uncertainties, or the perception that any of them may occur, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our access to capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, profitabilitybusiness and financial position.
As a result of the credit crisis in Europe, the European Commission created the European Financial Stability Facility, or the EFSF, and the European Financial Stability Mechanism, or the EFSM, to provide funding to Eurozone countries in financial difficulties that seek such support. In 2012, the European Council established a permanent stability mechanism, the European Stability Mechanism, or the ESM, to assume the role of the EFSF and the EFSM in providing external financial assistance to Eurozone countries. Despite these measures, concerns persist regarding the debt burden of certain Eurozone countries and their ability to meet future financial obligations. Potential adverse developments in the outlook for European countries could reduce the overall demand for oil and gas and foron our services. Market perceptions concerning these and related issues, could affect ourconsolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flow.our ability to pay distributions. Additionally, Brexit or similar events in other jurisdictions, could impact global markets, including foreign exchange and securities markets; any resulting changes in currency exchange rates, tariffs, treaties and other regulatory matters could in turn adversely impact our business and operations.
Brexit contributes to considerable uncertainty concerning the current and future economic environment. Brexit could adversely affect European or worldwide political, regulatory, economic or market conditions and could contribute to instability in global political institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets.
We are subject to laws and regulations, which can adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, and our ability to pay dividends.
service our debt.
Our operations are subject to numerous international, national, state and local laws, regulations, treaties and conventions in force in international waters and the jurisdictions in which our vessels operate or are registered, which can significantly affect the ownership and operation of our vessels. These regulations include, but are not limited to, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, the U.S. Clean Air Act, the U.S. Clean Water Act and the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or the MTSA, and treaties and conventions of the United Nations International Maritime Organization or the IMO,(the "IMO"), including the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 1973, as from time to time amended and generally referreferred to as MARPOL, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974 or the SOLAS Convention,(the "SOLAS Convention"), and the International Convention on Load Lines of 1966.1966 (the "LL Convention"). Compliance with such laws, regulations and standards, where applicable, may require installation of costly equipment or implementation of operational changes and may affect the resale value or useful lives of our vessels. These costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. A failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in administrative and civil penalties, criminal sanctions or the suspension or termination of our operations.
Environmental laws often impose strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of oil and hazardous substances, which could subject us to liability without regard to whether we were negligent or at fault. Under OPA, for example, owners, operators and bareboat charterers are jointly and severally strictly liable for the discharge of oil within the 200-mile exclusive economic zone around the U. S. Furthermore, the 2010 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon well and the subsequent release of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, or other similar events, may result in further regulation of the shipping and offshore industry, and modifications to statutory liability schemes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. An oil spill could result in significant liability, including fines, penalties and criminal liability and remediation costs for natural resource damages under other federal, state and local laws, as well as third-party damages.
Climate change and greenhouse gas restrictions may adversely impact our operations and markets.
Due to concern over the riskimpact of climate change, a number of countries and the IMO have adopted regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These regulatory measures may include, among others, adoption of cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, increased efficiency standards, and incentives or mandates for renewable energy. In addition, although the emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping currently are not subject to the
Paris Agreement (discussed below), or the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, that required adopting countries to implement national programs to reduce emissions of certain gases, a new treaty may be adopted in the future that includes restrictions on shipping emissions.
We are subject to international safety standards and the failure to comply with these regulations may subject us to increased liability, may adversely affect our insurance coverage and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.
The operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the International Safety Management Code or the ISM Code,(the "ISM Code") promulgated by the IMO under the SOLAS Convention. The ISM Code requires ship owners, ship managers and bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive "Safety Management System" that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation of vessels and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. In addition, vessel classification societies impose significant safety and other requirements on our vessels.
If labor interruptions are not resolved in a timely manner, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
service our debt.
Our technical managers employ masters, officers and crews to man our vessels. If not resolved in a timely and cost-effective manner, industrial action or other labor unrest could prevent or hinder our operations from being carried out as we expect and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
World events could affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Continuing conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and the presence of the United States and other armed forces in several countries, may lead to additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the world, which may contribute to further economic instability in the global financial markets. These uncertainties could also adversely affect our ability to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
We are subject to war, sabotage, piracy, cyber attackscyber-attacks and terrorism risk.
War, sabotage, pirate, cyber and terrorist attacks or any similar risk may affect our operations in unpredictable ways, including changes in the insurance markets, disruptions of fuel supplies and markets, particularly oil, and the possibility that infrastructure facilities, including pipelines, production facilities, refineries, electric generation, transmission and distribution facilities, offshore rigs and vessels, and communications infrastructures, could be direct targets of, or indirect casualties of, a cyber attackcyber-attack or an act of piracy or terror. War or risk of war may also have an adverse effect on the world economy. Insurance coverage can be difficult to obtain in areas of pirate and terrorist attacks resulting in increased costs that could continue to increase. We continually evaluate the need to maintain this insurance coverage as it applies to our fleet. Instability in the financial markets as a result of war, sabotage, piracy, cyber attackscyber-attacks or terrorism could also affect our ability to raise capital and could also adversely affect the oil, natural gas and power industries and restrict their future growth.
Governments could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in a loss of earnings.
A government could requisition one or more of our vessels for title or for hire. Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes her owner, while requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes her charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during periods of war or emergency, although governments may elect to requisition vessels in other circumstances. Although we would be entitled to compensation in the event of a requisition of one or more of our vessels, the amount and timing of payment would be uncertain. Government requisition of one or more of our vessels may negatively impact our revenues.
Company Specific Risk Factors
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Since the beginning of calendar year 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in the implementation of numerous actions by governments and governmental agencies in an attempt to mitigate the spread of the virus. These measures have resulted in a significant reduction in global economic activity and extreme volatility in the global financial
markets which has reduced the global demand for oil and related products. Additionally, in March 2020, output disagreements between OPEC producing nations (led by Saudi Arabia) and Russia triggered a price war sending the price of crude oil to lows not seen in decades. The confluence of these events has resulted in a precipitous pull back of production and capital expenditure outlays from major oil producers throughout the world. Consequently, the markets in which our vessels operate have come under significant pressure in the form of reduced spot market rates and utilization, higher lay-up activity, and contract cancellations and renegotiations.
Under these conditions, the Company projects that it might breach certain financial covenants under its credit facilities within 12 months from the date of this annual report. Additionally, under the terms of the New Equity Line of Credit (as defined below), the Company is precluded from issuing shares under the Company's common stock purchase agreement (the “New Equity Line of Credit”) with Scorpio Services Holding Limited ("SSH"), a related party, if the price of the Company’s common stock (calculated on a volume weighted average basis over the preceding five days) is below $0.60 per share. In March and April 2020, the price of the Company’s common stock fell below this threshold on certain occasions and for sustained periods of time. Additionally, we have received two deficiency notifications from the NYSE that could result in suspension or delisting of our common shares. As further described below, under the risk factor entitled "The market price of our common shares has recently declined significantly and our common shares could be delisted from the NYSE or trading could be suspended", we have until November 2020, and August 2021, subject to certain conditions, to cure each of these deficiencies. If our stock is delisted, then the Company is precluded from issuing shares under the New Equity Line of Credit. If additional liquidity under the New Equity Line of Credit is unavailable, the Company might breach covenants under its credit facilities, or face liquidity constraints, sooner than would otherwise occur under the revised projections.
The Company has commenced discussions with its lenders in an effort to find possible solutions and is also considering other strategic alternatives to meet the Company’s obligations, such as the sale of some or all of the vessels in the Company’s fleet. The Company has also engaged an advisor to provide consultation throughout this process. There can be no assurance that these or other measures will be successful.
Accordingly, substantial doubt is deemed to exist about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of this annual report. The expression of such doubt or our inability to overcome the factors leading to such doubt could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, stock price, our business relationships, the terms of our indebtedness, and ability to raise capital and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial prospects.
We are subject to certain risks with respect to our counterparties on contracts, and failure of such counterparties, such as our vessel charterers, to meet their obligations could cause us to suffer losses or negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows.
We have entered into, and may enter into in the future, various contracts, including charter agreements, shipbuilding contracts and credit facilities. Such agreements subject us to counterparty risks. The ability and willingness of each of our counterparties to perform its obligations under a contract with us will depend on a number of factors that are beyond our control and may include, among other things, general economic conditions, the condition of the maritime and offshore industries, the overall financial condition of the counterparty, prevailing charter rates, and various expenses. For example, the combination of a reduction of cash flow resulting from declines in world trade, a reduction in borrowing bases under reserve-based credit facilities and the lack of availability of debt or equity financing may result in a significant reduction in the ability of our charterers to make charter payments to us.
As a result, charterers may need to, or may use these instances as opportunities to, renegotiate the terms of their existing charter agreements or avoid their obligations under those contracts. Should a counterpartycharterer fail to honor its obligations under agreements with us, it may be difficult to secure substitute employment for such vessel, and any new charter arrangements we secure in the spot market or on time charters may be at lower rates. As a result, we could sustain significant losses which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, as well as our ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future, and comply with covenants in our Credit Facility.credit facilities.
8We may not be able to renew or replace expiring charters for our vessels.
We have a number of charters that will expire in 2020 or that may be renegotiated or cancelled given the current market conditions. Our ability to renew or replace expiring charters or obtain new charters, and the terms of any such charters, will depend on various factors, including market conditions and the specific needs of our customers.
We operate a young fleet, however
10
Given the highly competitive and historically cyclical nature of our industry, we may not be able to renew or replace the charters or we may be required to renew or replace expiring charters or obtain new charters at rates that are below, and potentially substantially below, existing day rates, or that have terms that are less favorable to us than our existing charters, or we may be unable to secure charters for these vessels. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
As our vessels age, or if we acquire additional secondhand vessels in the future, and we aremay be exposed to increased operating costs which could adversely affect our earnings and, as our fleet ages, the risks associated with our vessels could adversely affect our ability to obtain profitable charters.
In general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating condition increase with the age of the vessel. Older vessels are typically less fuel efficient than more recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine technology. Governmental regulations, safety and other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may require expenditures for alterations or the addition of new equipment to some of our vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which these vessels may engage. While our fleet currently consists of vessels that were all constructed after 2009, we cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their useful lives. As a result, regulations and standards could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay dividends.
Additionally, we have acquired and may continue to acquire secondhand vessels. While we willare entitled to inspect the secondhand vessels which we may acquire, this does not provide us with the same knowledge about their condition that we would have had if these vessels had been built for, operated and maintained exclusively by us. Generally, purchasers of secondhand vessels do not receive the benefit of warranties from the builders for the secondhand vessels that they acquire.
Governmental regulations, safety, environmental or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may require expenditures for alterations, or the addition of new equipment, to our vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which the vessels may engage. As our vessels age, market conditions may not justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their useful lives.
Because the market value of our vessels may fluctuate significantly, we may incur losses if we sell vessels which may adversely affect our earnings, or could cause us to incur impairment charges.
The fair market value of vessels may increase and decrease depending on but not limited to the following factors:
general economic and market conditions affecting the shipping and offshore industry;
competition from other shipping companies;
types, sizes and ages of vessels;
the availability of other modes of transportation;
the cost of newbuildings;
shipyard capacity;
governmental or other regulations;
prevailing level of charter rates;
ability to deploy to other markets; and
technological advances in vessel design or equipment or otherwise.
During the period a vessel is subject to a time charter, we will not be permitted to sell it to take advantage of increases in vessel values without the charterers' agreement. If we sell a vessel at a time when ship prices have fallen, the sale may be at less than the vessel's carrying amount on our financial statements, with the result that we could incur a loss and a reduction in earnings. In addition, if we determine at any time that a vessel's future limited useful life and earnings require us to impair its value on our financial statements, that could result in a charge against our earnings and a reduction of our shareholders' equity. We did not recognizerecorded an impairment chargescharge of $160.1 million in the year ended
December 31, 2016. If the current weak market conditions continue, it would have a negative impact on future operating results and could possibly result in impairment charges.
We did not recognize impairment charges as of December 31, 2016. As more fully described in our accounting policies, we evaluate our individual assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of our vessels may not be recoverable. As required by U.S. GAAP (ASC 360)2018 (Predecessor), in determining whetherrelation to our assets are recoverable, we compare our estimate of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset to its carrying amount. If the undiscounted cash flows are greater than the carrying amount, no impairment chargevessels. It is recognized. As of December 31, 2016, we determinedpossible that the sum of the undiscounted cash flows for each vessel exceeded its carrying value.
Factors and conditions that could impact our estimates of future cash flows of our vessels include:
· | Reduced demand for our vessels; |
· | Changes in behaviors and attitudes of our charterers towards technical, operational and environmental standards; and |
· | Changes in regulations and requirements governing the technical and environmental capabilities of our vessels. |
We believe that our impairment assumptions are reasonable.
During the past two years, the market value of vessels has declined, and we have identified impairment indicators. Our analysis assumed that we will keep all of our vessels for their remaining economic useful lives. We considerwill continue to decline in the economic useful lifefuture and could adversely affect our ability to comply with current or future financial covenants contained in our loan agreements or other financing arrangements. Any impairment charges incurred as a result of each vessel to be 25 years from the time of construction.
In developing estimates of future undiscounted cash flows, we make assumptions and estimates about the vessels' future performance, with the significant assumptions being related to charter rates, fleet utilization, operating costs, capital expenditures, residual value and the estimated remaining useful life of each vessel. The assumptions used to develop estimates of future undiscounted cash flows are based on historical trends as well as future expectations.
The most important assumptionsdeclines in determining undiscounted cash flows are the estimated charter rates and utilization. Forother market deterioration could negatively affect our business, financial condition, operating results or the first and second yeartrading price of our analysis we usecommon shares.
Conversely, if vessel values are elevated at a 3-year weighted average, which is composed of the lower of the historical market rates and utilization, as provided by a third party, and the rates and utilization we have achieved for the same period. For the rate and utilization thereafter we use the 15-year historical average as provided by a third party. Charter rates and utilization are volatile.
We have used a long-term average because we believe it reflects the long-term perspective we havetime when we invest inwish to acquire additional vessels, the cost of acquisition may increase and this could adversely affect our vesselsbusiness, results of operations, cash flow and includes objective data reflecting both positive and negative cycles impacting our business. The actual rates and utilization we realizefinancial condition.
Current market conditions may result in the future in any given year is likelydecision to differ significantly from the long-term historical averages that we use. We do not predict that rates and utilization will necessarily reach the 15-year historical average by the third year, but rather that we will achieve the averagestack certain of the 15-year averages for the remaining useful life of theour vessels. As the analysis is based on undiscounted cash flows, timing of cash flowsmarkets recover, we change our marketing strategies or for other reasons, we may be required to incur higher than expected costs to return previously stacked vessels to active service.
We currently have two vessels that are in warm lay-up. Stacked vessels are not important, but if we slowly ramp upmaintained with increases or decreases we would achieve the same resultdiligence as usingactive vessels. Depending on the average rates and utilization.
Inlength of time the future, we might change the assumptions we use in our analysis if we conclude that there has been a fundamental shift in the market and that the 3-year and 15-year historical average market rates and utilizationvessels are no longer indicative of future market conditions. This change in assumptions could result in an impairment charge being recognized.
The average spot market rates for the year ended December 31, 2016, was $7,667 per day, and the average spot market utilization was 67%. Our achieved rate for the period was $7,998 per day and the utilization was 67%. The figures presented with respect to us do not include longer term charter contracts for the respective periods. If the current weak market conditions continue for longer than we expect or decline further, it becomes more likely thatstacked, we may recognize impairment charges. Inincur costs beyond normal drydock costs to return these vessels to active service. These costs are difficult to estimate and may be substantial and these expenditures may increase to a market where demand and supply for vessels are stable and rates are above a cash break-even, utilization rateslevel at which they are not as volatile. When the market iseconomically justifiable. Also, customers may prefer modern vessels over older vessels, especially in suchweaker markets. The cost of repairing and/or upgrading existing vessels or adding a state, the rates will fluctuate depending on the short term demand and supply, but as an overall market is in balance, vessels in the market willnew vessel to our fleet can be able to secure contracts regularly.
Our impairment analysis as of December 31, 2016, based on 3-year and 15-year historical average PSV rates and utilization as of December 31, 2016, indicates that our undiscounted cash flows are 50% higher than carrying values.
substantial.
We derive a significant portion of revenues from a relatively small number of larger customers, the loss of any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
The portion of our revenues attributable to any single customer may change over time, depending on the level of relevant activity by any such customer, our ability to meet the customer's needs and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected if one or more of these customers decide to interrupt or curtail their activities, terminate their contracts with us, fail to renew existing contracts, and/or refuse to award new contracts, and we were unable to contract our vessels with new customers at comparable day rates.
The relationship of some of our shareholders and our directors and officers with the Scorpio group of companies may create conflicts of interest.10Three of our largest shareholders, SSH, SOHI and Scorpio Offshore Investments Inc. ("SOI") (related party affiliates of ours), are entities affiliated with Scorpio. Scorpio is owned and controlled by certain members of the Lolli-Ghetti family, of which our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Emanuele Lauro, and our Vice President, Mr. Filippo Lauro, are members. In aggregate, SSH, SOI and SOHI own 67.5% of the Company and therefore have the ability to control the majority of the decisions put to a vote of the shareholders. The interests of these entities may differ from your interests and the interests of other shareholders. Additionally, all of our executive directors and officers, including Messrs. Emanuele Lauro, Robert Bugbee (our President and a director), Cameron Mackey (our Chief Operating Officer and a director) and Filippo Lauro, serve as directors and/or officers of other entities within Scorpio, in addition to Scorpio Bulkers Inc. (NYSE: SALT) and/or Scorpio Tankers Inc. (NYSE: STNG), which are not controlled by the Lolli-Ghetti family. These relationships may create conflicts of interest in matters involving or affecting us and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor.
Certain of our officers do not devote all of their time to our business, which may hinder our ability to operate successfully.Certain of our officers participate in business activities not associated with us, and as a result, they may devote less time to us than if they were not engaged in other business activities and may owe fiduciary duties to our shareholders as well as the shareholders of other companies with which they may be affiliated, including companies within Scorpio, Scorpio Bulkers Inc. (NYSE: SALT), and/or Scorpio Tankers Inc. (NYSE: STNG). We expect that each of our officers will continue to devote a substantial portion of their business time to the management of the Company. However, their positions across multiple companies may create conflicts of interest in matters involving or affecting us and our customers and it is not certain that any of these conflicts of interest will be resolved in our favor. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Volatility in LIBOR rates could affect our profitability, earnings and cash flow.
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Our Credit Facility is advanced at a floating rate based on LIBOR. Any
We are exposed to volatility in the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") which can result in higher than market interest rates and charges against our income.
LIBOR has historically been volatile, with the spread between LIBOR and the prime lending rate willwidening significantly at times. These conditions are the result of the disruptions in the international credit markets. Because the interest rates borne by our outstanding indebtedness fluctuate with changes in LIBOR, if this volatility were to occur, it would affect the amount of interest payable on our debt, which in turn, could have an adverse effect on our profitability, earnings and cash flows.flow.
Furthermore, interest in most financing agreements in our industry has been based on published LIBOR rates. Recently, however, there has been uncertainty relating to the LIBOR calculation process, which may result in the phasing out of LIBOR in the future. Indeed, the banks currently reporting information used to set LIBOR will likely stop such reporting after 2021, when their commitment to reporting information ends.
In the event of the continued or permanent unavailability of LIBOR, many of our financing agreements contain a provision requiring or permitting us to enter into negotiations with our lenders to agree to an alternative interest rate or an alternative basis for determining the interest rate. These clauses present significant uncertainties as to how alternative rates or alternative bases for determination of rates would be agreed upon, as well as the potential for disputes or litigation with our lenders regarding the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of any substitute indices. In the absence of an agreement between us and our lenders, most of our financing agreements provide that LIBOR would be replaced with some variation of the lenders’ cost-of-funds rate. The discontinuation of LIBOR presents a number of potential risks to our business, including volatility in applicable interest rates among our financing agreements, increased lending costs for future financing agreements or unavailability of or difficulty in attaining financing, which could in turn have an adverse effect on our profitability, earnings and cash flow.
In order to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations, we may from time to time use interest rate derivatives to effectively fix some of our floating rate debt obligations. No assurance can however be given that the use of these derivative instruments, if any, may effectively protect us from adverse interest rate movements. The use of interest rate derivatives may affect our results through mark to market valuation of these derivatives. Also, adverse movements in interest rate derivatives may require us to post cash as collateral, which may impact our free cash position.
Because we obtain some of our insurance through protection and indemnity associations, we may be required to make additional premium payments.
We may be subject to increased premium payments, or calls, in amounts based on our claim records, as well as the claim records of other members of the protection and indemnity associations through which we receive insurance coverage for tort liability, including pollution-related liability.
A decision of our Board of Directors and the laws of Bermuda may prevent the declaration and payment of dividends.
Our ability to declare and pay dividends is subject at all times to the discretion of our boardBoard of directors,Directors, and compliance with Bermuda law, and may be dependent, among other things, on our having sufficient available distributable reserves. For more information, please see Item"Item 8. Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and other Financial Information—Dividend Policy. We may not continue to pay dividends at rates previously paid or at all.
Policy".
If the United States Internal Revenue Service were to treat us as a "passive foreign investment company," that could have adverse tax consequences for United States shareholders.
A foreign corporation is treated as a "passive foreign investment company," or PFIC,company" ("PFIC") for United States federal income tax purposes, if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of "passive income" or (2) at least 50% of the average value of the corporation's assets produce or are held for the production of those types of passive income. For purposes of these tests, cash is treated as an asset that produces passive income, and passive income includes dividends, interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and royalties which are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. Income derived from the performance of services does not constitute passive income. United States shareholders of a PFIC may be subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with respect to the distributions they receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their shares in the PFIC.
Based on our current and proposedexpected method of operation, we do not believe that we will be a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. In this regard, we intend to treat the gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from our time chartering activities as services income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we believe that income from our time chartering activities does not constitute "passive income," and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of that income do not constitute assets that produce, or are held for the production of, "passive income."
There is, however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our method of operation. We believe there is substantial legal authority supporting our position consisting of case law and United States Internal Revenue Service or IRS,(the "IRS"), pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and spot charters as services income rather than rental income for other tax purposes. However, there is also authority which characterizes time charter income as rental income rather than services income for other tax purposes. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the IRS or a court of law will accept our position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in the nature and extent of our operations.
If the IRS or a court of law were to find that we are a PFIC for any taxable year, our United States shareholders who owned their shares during such year would face adverse United States federal income tax consequences and certain information reporting obligations. Under the PFIC rules, unless those United States shareholders made or make an election available under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") (which election could itself have adverse consequences for such United States shareholders), such United States shareholders would be subject to United States federal income tax at the then highest income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess distributions (i.e., distributions received in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or the United States shareholder's holding period for our common shares) and upon any gain from the disposition of our common shares, as if the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over the United States shareholder's holding period of our common shares. In addition, non-corporate United States shareholders would not be eligible to treat dividends paid by us as "qualified dividend income" if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the immediately preceding taxable year.
Risks Related to our Indebtedness
Servicing our current or future indebtedness limits funds available for other purposes and if we cannot service our debt, we may lose our vessels.
Borrowing under credit facilities requires us to dedicate a part of our cash flow from operations to paying interest on our indebtedness. These payments limit funds available for working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes, including further equity or debt financing in the future. Amounts borrowed under our $132.9 million term loan facility with DNB Bank ASA and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) (the "New Term Loan Facility"), and $9.0 million term loan facility with DVB Bank SE, (the "DVB Credit Facility willFacility"), and our future credit facilities may bear interest at variable rates. Increases in prevailing interest rates could increase the amounts that we would have to pay to our lenders, even though the outstanding principal amount remains the same, and our net income and cash flows would decrease. We expect our earnings and cash flow to vary from year to year due to the cyclical nature of the offshore supply vesselOSV industry. If we do not generate or reserve enough cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as:
| · | seeking to raise additional capital; |
| · | refinancing or restructuring our debt; |
| · | selling our PSVs;selling our vessels; or |
| · | reducing or delaying capital investments. |
However, these alternative financing plans,options, if necessary, may not be sufficient to allow us to meet our debt obligations.
Our New Term Loan Facility and DVB Credit Facility contains,contain, and other debt agreements we may enter into in the future may contain, covenants which limit the amount of the facility available or that we may use for other corporate activities, which could negatively affect our growth and cause our financial performance to suffer.
Our New Term Loan Facility and DVB Credit Facility imposes,impose, and debt agreements we may enter into in the future may impose, operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions could limit our ability, or the ability of our subsidiaries that are party thereto, to:
| · | pay dividends and make capital expenditures if we do not repay amounts due under our debt agreements or if there is another default under our debt agreements; |
| · | incur additional indebtedness, including the issuance of guarantees; |
| · | create liens on our assets; |
| · | change the flag, class or management of our vessels or terminate or materially amend the management agreement relating to certain vessels; |
| · | merge or consolidate with, or transfer all or substantially all our assets to, another person; or |
| · | enter into a new lineenter into new lines of business. |
Therefore, we may need to seek permission from our lenders in order to engage in some corporate actions. Our lenders' interests may be different from ours and we may not be able to obtain our lenders' permission when needed. This may limit our ability to pay dividends if we determine to do so in the future, finance our future operations or capital requirements, make acquisitions or pursue business opportunities.
Such operating and financial restrictions include, or may in the future include, a requirement on us to maintain specified financial ratios and satisfy financial covenants, including ratios and covenants based on the market value of the vessels in our fleet.
Events beyond our control, including changes in the economic and business conditions in the shipping and offshore markets in which we operate, may affect our ability to comply with these covenants. Should our charter rates or vessel values materially decline in the future, we may be required to take action to reduce our debt or to act in a manner contrary to our business objectives to meet any such financial ratios and satisfy any such financial covenants. We cannot assure you that we will meet these ratios or satisfy these covenants or that our lenders will waive any failure to do so. A description of these covenants can be found in Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included herein. A breach of any of the covenants in, or our inability to maintain the required financial ratios under our debt agreements would prevent us from borrowing additional money under debt agreements and could result in a default under the agreements governing our indebtedness such as our New Term Loan Facility, our DVB Credit Facility, or future debt agreements into which we may enter. If a default occurs under our New Term Loan Facility, our DVB Credit Facility, or any debt agreement which we may enter into in the future, the lenders could elect to declare the outstanding debt, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable and foreclose on the collateral securing that debt, which could constitute all or substantially all of our assets.
As of December 31, 2016, we are in default of the minimum value adjusted equity, the minimum value adjusted equity ratio and the minimum liquidity covenants in the credit agreement governing the Credit Facility. The minimum value adjusted equity covenant requires us to maintain value adjusted equity of a minimum of $150.0 million. The minimum value adjusted equity ratio requires us to have value adjusted equity to value adjusted total assets of at least 45%. The minimum liquidity covenant requires us to have the higher of $10.0 million or 6% of our total debt. Waivers have been obtained from our lenders lowering (i) the minimum value of equity and (ii) the minimum value adjusted equity ratio covenant requirements to levels at which the Company is in compliance, and suspending (iii) the minimum level of liquidity covenant. These waivers are effective until April 30, 2018. Under the waiver the Company is unable to draw further on the Credit Facility
Although we have received waivers lowering our covenant requirements, should our charter rates or vessel values materially decline further in the future, we may be required to take action to reduce our debt or to act in a manner contrary to our business objectives to meet any such financial ratios and satisfy any such financial covenants.
Risks Relating to Investing in Our Common Shares
Our common share price may be highly volatile and future sales of our common shares could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
The market price of our common shares may fluctuatehas recently declined significantly and our common shares could be delisted from the NYSE or trading could be suspended.
We currently have two outstanding deficiency notifications from the NYSE that could result in responsesuspension or delisting of our common shares from the NYSE. On December 2, 2019, we received notice from the NYSE that we were not in compliance with the NYSE’s continued listing standards because our average market capitalization over a 30-trading day period and stockholders’ equity were each below the NYSE’s $50 million minimum. As of November 29, 2019, our average market capitalization over a 30 trading-day period was approximately $23.7 million and as of September 30, 2019, we reported total stockholders’ equity of approximately $47.4 million. In accordance with NYSE rules, we submitted a business plan to many factors,the NYSE outlining the actions that we plan to take to regain compliance with the NYSE’s rules regarding market capitalization and stockholders’ equity. Pursuant and subject to the NYSE’s rules (which have recently been revised due to the COVID-19 pandemic), we have until August 11, 2021 to regain compliance with the NYSE’s minimum requirements for market capitalization and stockholders’ equity. However, we are subject to quarterly review by the NYSE and the NYSE, in its discretion, could initiate suspension and delisting procedures prior to the expiration of the 18-month cure period. While our stockholder's equity at December 31, 2019 was $52.1
million, we must meet the $50 million minimum threshold for two consecutive fiscal quarters in order to regain compliance and no longer be considered deficient by NYSE standards.
On March 12, 2020, we received an additional notification from the NYSE stating that that we were no longer in compliance with the NYSE's minimum average closing price requirement because the average closing share price of our common stock over a consecutive 30 trading-day period ending March 10, 2020 had fallen below the $1.00 minimum requirement. Pursuant and subject to the NYSE’s rules (which have recently been revised due to the COVID-19 pandemic), we have until November 22, 2020 to regain compliance with the NYSE’s minimum average closing price requirements for our common shares.
During the cure periods, subject to further action by the NYSE, our common stock will continue to be listed and trade on the NYSE. As required by the NYSE, we have notified the exchange of our intent to cure the deficiencies and restore our compliance with the continued listing standards, however, we can give no assurance that we will be successful or that our common shares will continue to trade on the NYSE in the future. The commencement of suspension or delisting procedures by an exchange remains, at all times, at the discretion of such as actualexchange and would be publicly announced by the exchange. If a suspension or anticipated fluctuationsdelisting were to occur, there would be significantly less liquidity in the suspended or delisted securities. In addition, our operating results, changesability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing would be greatly impaired. Furthermore, with respect to any suspended or delisted common shares, we would expect decreases in financial estimates by securities analysts, economic and regulatory trends, general market conditions, rumorsinstitutional and other factors, manyinvestor demand, analyst coverage, market making activity and information available concerning trading prices and volume, and fewer broker-dealers would be willing to execute trades with respect to such common shares. A suspension or delisting would likely preclude us from further sales of common shares under our New Equity Line of Credit, decrease the attractiveness of our common shares to investors and cause the trading volume of our common shares to decline, which are beyondcould result in a further decline in the market price of our control.common shares.
Because we are a foreign corporation, you may not have the same rights that a shareholder inof a U.S. corporation may have.
We are incorporated under the laws of Bermuda. Our Memorandum of Continuance, Bye-laws and the Bermuda Companies Act of 1981 (the "Companies Act") govern our affairs. The Companies Act does not as clearly establish your rights and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors as do statutes and judicial precedent in some U.S. jurisdictions. Therefore, you may have more difficulty in protecting your interests as a shareholder in the face of actions by the management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a United States jurisdiction. There is a statutory remedy under Section 111 of the Companies Act which provides that a shareholder may seek redress in the courts as long as such shareholder can establish that our affairs are being conducted, or have been conducted, in a manner oppressive or prejudicial to the interests of some part of the shareholders, including such shareholder.
We are incorporated in Bermuda and it may not be possible for our investors to enforce U.S. judgments against us.
We are incorporated under the laws of Bermuda. Substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, most of our directors and officers are non-residents of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of these non-residents are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for U.S. investors to serve process within the United States upon us, or our directors and officers, or to enforce a judgment against us for civil liabilities in U.S. courts. In addition, you should not assume that courts in the countries in which we are incorporated or where ourwe are located (1) would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us based upon the civil liability provisions of applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws or (2) would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us based on those laws.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition, or could make it difficult for our shareholders to replace or remove our current board of directors, which could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
Several provisions of our Memorandum of Continuance and Bye-laws could make it difficult for our shareholders to change the composition of our boardBoard of directorsDirectors in any one year, preventing them from changing the composition of management. In addition, the same provisions may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that shareholders may consider favorable. These provisions include:
· | authorizing our board of directors to issue "blank check" preferred shares without shareholder approval; |
· | providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms; |
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authorizing our Board of Directors to issue "blank check" preferred shares without shareholder approval;· | establishing certain advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings; |
providing for a classified Board of Directors with staggered, three-year terms;· | prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors; |
establishing certain advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings;· | limiting the persons who may call special meetings of shareholders; |
prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;· | authorizing the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes cast at an annual meeting of shareholders by the holders of shares entitled to vote thereon; and |
limiting the persons who may call special meetings of shareholders;· | establishing supermajority voting provisions with respect to amendments to certain provisions of our Bye-laws. |
authorizing the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes cast at an annual meeting of shareholders by the holders of shares entitled to vote thereon; andestablishing supermajority voting provisions with respect to amendments to certain provisions of our Bye-laws.
Additionally, on December 21, 2018, our Board of Directors adopted a shareholders rights agreement and declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right to purchase one one-thousandth of a Series A Participating Preferred Share of the Company for each outstanding common share. The dividend was payable on December 31, 2018 to shareholders of record on that date. Each right entitles the registered holder to purchase from us one one-thousandth of a Series A Participating Preferred Share of the Company at an exercise price of $10.00, subject to adjustment. The exercise price automatically increased to $100.00 as a result of our reverse stock split on January 28, 2019 and is subject to further adjustments in accordance with the terms of the shareholders rights agreement. We can redeem the rights under certain circumstances. The shareholders rights plan was designed to enable us to protect shareholder interests in the event that an unsolicited attempt is made for a business combination with, or a takeover of, the Company. Our shareholders rights plan is not intended to deter offers that our Board of Directors determines are in the best interests of our shareholders.
These anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the ability of public shareholders to benefit from a change in control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares and yourshareholders' ability to realize any potential change of control premium.
Future sales of our common shares could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
The market price of our common shares may fluctuate significantly in response to many factors and could decline due to sales of a large number of our common shares in the market, including sales of shares by our large shareholders, or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales could also make it more difficult or impossible for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate to raise funds through future offerings of our common shares.
We are an emerging growth company and For information on our New Equity Line of Credit under which we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will makemay, at our option, issue additional common shares, less attractive to investors.please see "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-B. Liquidity and Capital Resources-Equity Issuances and Lines of Credit."
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our share price may be more volatile.In addition, under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we are an emerging growth company.
For as long as we take advantage of the reduced reporting obligations, the information that we provide shareholders may be different from information provided by other public companies.
ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
NordicHermitage Offshore Services Ltd. and its subsidiaries, formerly "Nordic American Offshore Ltd." (together "we", "our", "us", or the "Company"), is an OSV company that owns 23 OSVs. The Company’s vessels primarily operate in the North Sea or the West Coast of Africa. The Company was initially formed on October 17, 2013 under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. We are an international company formed for the purpose of acquiring and operating platform supply vessels, or PSVs, and currently own and operate ten vessels. We maintain our principal offices at LOM Building, 27 Reid Street, Hamilton HM 11 Bermuda. Our telephone number at such address is (441) 298-3535.
Effective September 26, 2016, we discontinued our existence as a company organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and continued our existence as an exempted company incorporatedorganized under the laws of Bermuda,the Islands of Bermuda.
Prior to the Transaction as defined below, the Company operated ten PSVs, primarily in the North Sea and surrounding areas that were acquired between 2013 and 2016. The Company also had administrative agreements with Nordic American Tankers Ltd. ("NAT").
On December 12, 2018, we entered into a share purchase agreement with SOI pursuant to which SOI invested $5.0 million in a private placement of the Company’s common shares at a price of $4.20 per share (the "Private Placement"). As part of the Private Placement, Mr. Emanuele Lauro was appointed Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company. In addition, Mr. Robert Bugbee was appointed to the Company’s Board of Directors and to the office of President, Mr. Cameron Mackey was appointed Chief Operating Officer, and Mr. Filippo Lauro was appointed Vice President. Mr. Mackey was subsequently also appointed to the Company's Board of Directors. Concurrent with the Private Placement, the Company's former Chairman, Mr. Herbjørn Hansson, resigned from all of his positions at the Company.
On June 4, 2019, we referchanged our name to "Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd." and began trading on the NYSE under our new name and the ticker symbol "PSV" at the start of trading on June 7, 2019. Our operating fleet as of December 31, 2019 and as of the date of this annual report consisted of ten PSVs, two AHTS vessels, and 11 crew boats.
We maintain our principal executive offices at the LOM Building, 27 Reid Street, Hamilton HM 11 Bermuda. Our telephone number at that address is +1 441 295 9671. We maintain an Internet site at www.hermitage-offshore.com. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. None of the information on these or any other websites is incorporated into this annual report.
Key Developments
In March 2019, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the "Initial Equity Line of Credit") with SOI, a related party, and Mackenzie Financial Corporation ("Mackenzie"). SOI is a closely held company that is owned and controlled by certain members of the Lolli-Ghetti family, of which our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Emanuele Lauro, and our Vice President, Mr. Filippo Lauro, are members. The Initial Equity Line of Credit provided for $20 million to be available on demand to the Company in exchange for common shares of the Company priced at 0.94 multiplied by the then-prevailing 30-day trailing volume weighted average price.
In April 2019, we acquired 13 vessels consisting of two AHTS vessels and 11 crew boats from SOHI, a related party that is a closely held company also owned and controlled by certain members of the Lolli-Ghetti family, of which our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Emanuele Lauro, and our Vice President, Mr. Filippo Lauro, are members, in exchange for 8,126,219 common shares of the Company. As part of this acquisition, we assumed the aggregate outstanding indebtedness of $9.0 million under the DVB Credit Facility relating to the two AHTS vessels. The assets acquired in this transaction are collectively referred to as the Redomiciliation. There was no change in our business, assets"SOHI Assets", and liabilities, principal locations, fiscal year, directors or executive officers following the Redomiciliation,transactions to acquire the SOHI Assets and our financials are presented on an un-interrupted basis. On November 10, 2016, our shareholders approved the adoptionassumption of the new bye-laws, or the Bye-laws, at our annual general meeting of shareholders. As a result of the Redomiciliation, the rights of holders of our common sharesrelated indebtedness, are now governed by our Bermuda Memorandum of Continuance, the Bye-laws and the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, or the Companies Act.
Transactions
On November 22, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 16,666,666 common shares in a Norwegian private placement, or the Private Placement, at $15.00 per share. These shares were listed on the Norwegian OTC List, or the NOTC, on November 27, 2013, under the symbol "NAO."
In November 2013, we purchased our initial fleet which consisted of six secondhand PSVs from Ulstein Shipping AS for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $265.7 million, which was partially financed using the net proceeds from the Private Placement. The vessels were delivered to us during the course of December 2013 and January 2014.
In February 2015, we purchased two newbuilding PSVs, the NAO Storm and the NAO Viking, for a purchase price of $36.0 million and $36.5 million, respectively. The vessels were delivered to us in January 2016.
In May 2014, we purchased two additional newbuilding PSVs, the NAO Horizon and NAO Galaxy, for a purchase price of $35.5 million and $33.8 million, respectively. The NAO Horizon was delivered to us in April 2016, and the NAO Galaxy was delivered to us in June 2016.
In June 2014, we completed our underwritten initial public offering in the United States, or our IPO, of 6,764,704 common shares, including the full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase 882,352 additional common shares, at $16.00 per share and our common shares commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol "NAO." The net proceeds we received were used to finance a portion of the purchase price of the newbuildings in our fleet.
In July 2014, we completed our offer to exchange unregistered common shares that were previously issued in Norwegian equity private placements (other than the common shares owned by affiliates of us) for common shares that were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, which we referreferred to as the Exchange Offer. Upon completion"Transaction".
As part of the Exchange Offer, holdersaforementioned transactions, the lenders under our term loan facility with DNB Bank ASA and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) (the "Initial Credit Facility") extended waivers of 11,478,478 unregistered common shares validly tendered their sharescertain financial covenants which we were not in compliance with until January 31, 2020. As part of this agreement, we received commitments from the lenders under our Initial Credit Facility to refinance the Initial Credit Facility with the New Term Loan Facility (that has a maturity of December 6, 2023), which was subject to our satisfaction of certain conditions precedent, the most significant of which was the requirement to raise an additional $15 million of equity before January 31, 2020. In December 2019, the lenders agreed that we had satisfied this condition precedent with the agreement of the New Equity Line of Credit with SSH, a related party, which was executed in January 2020 and provides for $15 million to be available on demand to the Company in exchange for such registeredits common shares representing a participation ratepriced at 0.94 multiplied by the then-prevailing five-day trailing volume weighted average price. In January 2020, we closed on the refinancing of 93.5%. We delisted our common shares from the NOTC on October 14, 2015.Initial Credit Facility with the New Term Loan Facility. Both the New Term Loan Facility and the New Equity Line of Credit are further described below under "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-B. Liquidity and Capital Resources."
B.Business Overview
In May 2015, our BoardWe are an OSV company that owns 23 vessels consisting of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to 2.5 million of our common shares.ten PSVs, two AHTS vessels, and 11 crew boats. As of the date of this annual report, 1,172,774 shares have been repurchased under the program at an average price of $5.99 per share, of which 301,935 shares were purchased during the financial year ended December 31, 2016.
In February 2016, we completed the purchase of 1,571,749all ten of our own common sharesPSVs are operating in a private transaction at a purchase price of $4.50 per share.the North Sea and our AHTS vessels and crew boats are operating in West Africa.
In March 2017, we completed an underwritten public follow-on offering of 41,300,000 common shares, which includes 1,300,000 common shares sold pursuant to the underwriters' partial exercise
Our Fleet
The following table sets forth our operating fleet as of the overallotment option to purchase additional common shares, atdate of this annual report:
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| | |
Vessel name | Vessel Type | Year Built |
Hermit Fighter | PSV | 2012 |
Hermit Prosper | PSV | 2012 |
Hermit Power | PSV | 2013 |
Hermit Thunder | PSV | 2013 |
Hermit Guardian | PSV | 2013 |
Hermit Protector | PSV | 2013 |
Hermit Viking | PSV | 2014 |
Hermit Storm | PSV | 2014 |
Hermit Galaxy | PSV | 2016 |
Hermit Horizon | PSV | 2016 |
Hermit Brilliance | AHTS | 2009 |
Hermit Baron | AHTS | 2009 |
Petrocraft 1605-1 | Crew Boat | 2012 |
Petrocraft 1605-2 | Crew Boat | 2012 |
Petrocraft 1605-3 | Crew Boat | 2012 |
Petrocraft 1605-5 | Crew Boat | 2012 |
Petrocraft 1605-6 | Crew Boat | 2012 |
Petrocraft 2005-1 | Crew Boat | 2015 |
Petrocraft 2005-2 | Crew Boat | 2015 |
Petrocraft 1905-1 | Crew Boat | 2019 |
Petrocraft 1905-2 | Crew Boat | 2019 |
Petrocraft 1905-3 | Crew Boat | 2019 |
Petrocraft 1905-4 | Crew Boat | 2019 |
Employment of Our Fleet
Our vessels are employed either in the spot market or on time charters. A spot market charter is typically a priceshort-term contract for specific use. Under spot market charters, we pay certain expenses, such as harbor costs, fuel costs, and other off-hire related costs. Spot market charter rates are volatile and fluctuate based upon the supply and demand for OSVs such as ours. Time charters give us a fixed and stable cash flow for a known period of $1.25 per share. The net proceeds we received fromtime. Time charters also mitigate in part the offering are to be used for general corporate purposes, working capital purposesvolatility and forseasonality of the expansion of our fleet.
spot market business. We opportunistically employ vessels under time charter contracts. As of the date of this annual report, we have 64,731,370 common shares issued, 61,986,847 outstanding and 2,744,523 treasury shares.
B. Business Overview
We are a platform supply vessel company that owns ten vessels. As of the date of this annual report, sevenall but two of our vessels are operating(which were in the North Sea in the spot market.
Our Fleet
As of the date of this annual report, our fleet currently consists of the following ten PSVs.
Vessel name | Yard (2) | Year Built | Capacity (dwt) | Cargo Deck Area (sq meters) | Delivered to NAO |
NAO Fighter (1) | Ulstein | 2012 | 4200 | 850 | January 2014 |
NAO Prosper | Ulstein | 2012 | 4200 | 850 | January 2014 |
NAO Power | Ulstein | 2013 | 4200 | 850 | January 2014 |
NAO Thunder | Ulstein | 2013 | 4200 | 850 | December 2013 |
NAO Guardian | Ulstein | 2013 | 4200 | 850 | December 2013 |
NAO Protector | Ulstein | 2013 | 4200 | 850 | December 2013 |
NAO Storm | Ulstein | 2015 | 4200 | 850 | January 2015 |
NAO Viking | Ulstein | 2015 | 4200 | 850 | January 2015 |
NAO Galaxy (1) | Vard | 2016 | 4100 | 850 | April 2016 |
NAO Horizon (1) | Vard | 2016 | 4100 | 850 | June 2016 |
(2) | "Ulstein" refers to Ulstein Verft AS and "Vard" refers to Vard Group AS. |
Employment of Our Fleet
It is our policy to operate our vessels eitherwarm lay-up) were employed in the spot market or on shortterm charters with that are expected to long-term time charters.expire within approximately 12 months.
The Vessels in our fleet are considered homogeneous and interchangeable as they have approximately the same cargo deck area and capacity. Seven of these PSVs are now in operation. As of the date of this annual report, three vessels are laid up awaiting improved trading conditions. We operate our vessels through Nordic American Offshore UK (NAO UK) in the UK and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea on both spot and shorter term time charters, although we may consider other regions depending on market conditions.
Technical Management of our Vessels
As of December 31, 2016, theThe ship management firmfirms Remøy Shipping AS or "Remø("Remøy"), and V. ShipsV.Ships Offshore Limited or V.Ships("V.Ships"), provide technical management for nineeight and onetwo of our PSVs, respectively. Scorpio Commercial Management S.A.M. ("SCM"), and Scorpio Ship Management S.A.M. ("SSM"), provide the Company'scommercial and technical management, respectively, for our two AHTS vessels and 11 crew boats. Commercial management for our ten vessels, respectively.PSVs is performed internally. SCM and SSM are related parties of ours. Please see "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions" for additional information on our management agreements with SCM and SSM.
Company Management
In January 2014, the Company, entered into a management
We have an agreement in place with Scandic American Shipping Ltd, "Scandic" or "the Manager"SSH (a related party) for the provision of administrative staff and office space, and administrative services, including accounting, legal compliance, financial and information technology services for the Company as requested by our management and in accordance with our objectives and policies as established and directed by our Board of Directors. All decisions of a material nature concerning our business are made by the Board of Directors.
(the "Administrative Services Agreement"). For services under the Administrative Services Agreement, we pay an annual fee of $10,000 per vessel, and will reimburse SSH for the reasonable direct or indirect expenses it incurs in providing the Company with the administrative services described above.
We entered into this Administrative Services Agreement with SSH on June 19, 2019, with an effective date of October 28, 2019, which was the date on which our prior management agreement Scandic currently receives a management fee of $100,000 per annum for a ten vessel fleet, and is reimbursed for cost incurred in connection with its services. In addition to costs incurred which are directly attributable to us, we also pay a portion of the operational costs such as salary and office rent among others, incurred by Scandic which is allocated to us. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we paid an aggregate of $2.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively, for such costs incurred.NAT was terminated.
The International Offshore Market
International offshore support services are provided by a variety of companies both public and private. The vessels used vary significantly in size and specification depending on their expected role in supporting offshore drilling and production. Typically, the customer is either an oil company or an offshore oil rig operator. Employment of the vessels is categorized either as spot employment, where a vessel is hired anywhere from 24 hoursone month to several weeks12 months, or long termlong-term contract employment, where the customer has the vessel at their disposition for more than twelve months or years.
12 months.
The employment terms tend to vary between vessel types. The threetwo main categories of offshore support vesselsOSVs are Platform Supply Vessels (PSV), Anchor Handling Tug & Supply (AHTS)PSVs and Construction Support Vessels (CSV).AHTS vessels. The majority of PSV employment is related the support of oil production, bringing supplies, chemicals and equipment to the rigs, and returning waste product to land. PSVs are also used to support exploration activities. PSVs are distinguished based on deck area/cargo capacity and technical specification. AHTS vessels are primarily used to support rig moves and tend to have more idle time than PSVs. CSVsCrew boats are usedchartered to customers for use in the construction of new oilfieldstransporting personnel and often equippedsupplies from shore bases to perform subsea construction work.
offshore drilling rigs, platforms and other installations.
Offshore oil exploration and production is a global activity and a variety of vessel types and rig types are employed. Operating costs and regulatory requirements vary significantly from region to region. In general terms, total activity related toOil prices have risen in each of the offshore market has risen significantly in recent years as a result of increasing global oil demand and high oil prices.
last two years.
The North Sea market has the highest standards of safety and specification for PSVs, the only asset class owned by Nordic American Offshore.PSVs. The vast majority of the vessels operating in this market are European, primarily built in Norway. Vessels operating in the North Sea may move to other markets, but vessels operating in other, worldwide markets for the most part do not have access to the North Sea. The North Sea offshore market is subject to seasonality. Activity is typically lower in winter months and higher in summer months as rig operators are more active in maintenance, rig moves and other activities when weather conditions are less harsh.
All offshore exploration and production businesses were impacted by the decline in the oil market in the second half of 2014. The lower oil price led to cancellation or postponement of many investment programs related to new fields and exploration. In the fourth quarter of 2014 a number of exploration projects were cancelled or postponed. This negatively impacted the demand for all categories of offshore support vessels for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2016
From the low point of $30 per barrel in January 2016, the price of oil has started to improve and has remained above $50 per barrel from December 2016 to the date of this report. The improved oil price and new lowered cash break even for the oil companies has resulted in a more positive sentiment in the industry. A stable oil price at profitable levels for the oil companies can be expected to result in increased offshore activity, in turn providing a stronger rate environment for offshore support vessels.
The 2016 Offshore Support Vessel Market (Source: Fearnleys)
All of the information and data provided in this section has been provided by Fearnleys AS (“Fearnleys”). The statistical and geographical information contained herein is drawn from Fearnleys’ database and other sources.
2019 OSV Market Summary
Rates and utilization levels during 2019 were, on average, significantly up compared to last year, and the difference between the regions continue with Asian and US markets remaining depressed while the North Sea region has shown greater strength for certain assets. As we leave behind 2016, it is clear that it becamea result of the worstelevated market in the North Sea, some OSV owners have, for offshore service vesselsthe first time in many years, reported profitable quarters without gains from sales or other financial instruments.
Spot rates in the North Sea showed greater levels than in 2018, as were average utilization levels. In addition, the periods of very-high-utilization were longer than what we have seen sinceregistered in the mid-1980s. More or less all OSV owners worldwide have gone through some sortlast couple of restructuring, consolidation or are facing protection under US Chapter 11. These agreements have seen owners receive some leeway fromyears. Moreover, the peaks in terms of rates were also greater than in previous years, with high-end tonnage reaping the greatest gains in the spot market. Some anchor handlers were fixed at NOK 900,000 per day at times, while large PSVs were fixed at more than NOK 250,000 for spot employment. Mid-sized tonnage also gained as utilization rose in the busy periods, albeit not with the same momentum as their banks and bondholders, however by simply postponing interest payments and amortising debt will not create a foundation for a sustainable industryhigh-end peers. Spot rates remained relatively elevated going forward.
It is easier for a PSV company with accessinto the end of the year. The elevation was partly due to the U.S. capital markets to strengthen its capital base than a companyfixture flurry by Allseas, which does not operateemployed 11 vessels in that market.
Term rates are telling muchsupport of the same story as for 2015. Infinal stages of the supply segments, bothNord Stream 2 pipeline construction. Towards the end of 2019, however, the U.S. imposed sanctions against the project, and the North Sea spot market as well as other areas globally, rate levelsdropped back down due to the return of the vessels.
The S&P market has been less active during 2019 in terms of numbers, and particularly the end of 2019 saw a significant slowdown in activity and volume. Shipowners have adopted a wait-and-see strategy to the market. Of the vessels that were sold, there is a divide between high-end and medium- and smaller sized tonnage. Shipowners are
demanding high prices for high-end tonnage, while for the lower-end segments and older vessels, sales have been reduced to more or less only cover operational expenditure, whilst utilisation remainsexecuted at recordvery low levels. However, thereAlthough we have been some recent glimmersrecorded a lower number of hope onvessels sent to recycling during 2019, we expected the actual figure to be higher than what we have now recorded due to shipowners delaying reporting of such sales in the market. Although this mostly being older vessels, we still register a mix of both older- and newer vessels being picked up by buyers outside the UK- and Norwegian sidetraditional OSV space, further helping the attrition of the overall fleet.
Transition into 2020
After a very slow start to 2020, with weeks between the rig moves, the market picked up considerably during end of February 2020 for the North Sea recently, though any hope of aAHTS owners. The North Sea AHTS owners in general, finally experienced some profitable weeks, with peaking day rates at NOK 800,000 level (about GBP 62,500). At the same time, the North Sea PSV side became relatively healthy and for the Norwegian market, upturn has been rather short-lived.
After leaving behind a year wheredayrates stabilized around NOK 150,000 per day. That being said, we did also register some fixtures closing in on NOK 200,000 per day on some occasions, although not quite hitting the number of active drilling rigs reached an historic low,mark. We noticed vessels reflagging to NOR due to the major energy companies are seemingly more optimistic towardshigh activity level in the future of oil and gas. An example of such is Statoil announcement that it plans to drill 30 wells in 2017, which is an increase of 16%Norwegian sector compared to 2016.a slower UK market. AHTS and PSV owners were optimistic about the summer season and the rest of 2020. They saw the balance between demand and high-end tonnage supply, were getting tighter - actually, tighter than we have seen in many, many years.
This increased optimism suddenly changed to uncertainty and pessimism due to the rapid and massive drop in the oil price coupled with the Covid-19 crisis. The worldwide demand for oil decreased by 25% in only a few weeks, while OPEC countries increased their production and flooded the market. These two factors have resulted in a significant impact and the market has dropped like a stone resulting in spot fixtures back below vessels operating expense levels. We have seen rig contracts cancelled or postponed resulting in OSV contracts also being terminated. These rig and project cancellations have “forced” vessels to again go into lay-up.
Whilst itToday, our industry has not been the casea more negative view for the OSV industryrest of 2020 compared to only a few weeks ago. Oil companies have drastically cut their 2020 budgets, especially for exploration and maintenance work and the North West European rig count for 2020 is currently highly uncertain. As of today, it can be comparable with 2018 levels, in such case well below 2019 rig activity (about 20% difference). However, there are some rig programs still scheduled to commence in the past, 2016 hastime to come. Several PSVs have forward commitments in the months of April, May and June, at least for Norwegian PSVs, which should be somewhat positive amid all the negativism these days. We have seen an increase in vessels being sold for recycling/ scrapping. Furthermore, as prices of units older than 10-15 years are reported at very low levels, we are seeing a fairreasonably high amount of units converted for various fishing operationsterm deals during the first quarter. Large and hence, effectively withdrawing them from trading in the offshore industry in the future.
The time for owners placing speculative orders seems to have passed, and the few orders placed over the recent past have only been against long-term contracts. Further, orders with scheduled deliveries in 2015 and 2016 have either been cancelled or seen delivery postponed to 2017 and onwards.
The Offshore Market 2017
The sentiment in the offshore sector has improved significantly over the last few months following the increase in the price of oil, oil demand continuing to show strength andleading oil companies lowering the cash break evensuch as Equinor and Lundin have in total secured over ten PSVs for projects.longer durations. The effects ofEquinor contracts especially have had a more stable or increased level of activity from the oil companies will not have an immediatedirect impact on the PSVspot market, rates. Starting new projects, re-starting existing projects thatwhere, during March, they released many of their spot PSVs due to some over-capacity in their term fleet.
Together with the abovementioned drop in oil prices and the unpredictability concerning Covid-19, there are a lot of PSVs prompt available in the spot market and unfortunately without any forward commitments. On average, the term fixtures for PSVs on hold and increasing activitythe UK side was about GBP 10,000 while on existing projects take time from decision to full operation, and as such, PSV spot rates will be below operating expenses throughthe Norwegian side it was somewhat higher at around GBP 11,700 during the first quarter of 2017 and may continue2020. However, the term market going forward is set to drop as planned exploration campaigns in particular, are likely to be postponed or cancelled, hence the need for term tonnage will in effect decline. We also have to acknowledge that there is an increasing likelihood that some of the existing term charters could be terminated or renegotiated due to cuts across the board for the oil companies.
West African AHTS Vessel and Crew Boat Market 2019 (Source: Maritime Strategies International Ltd.)
All of the information and data provided in this section has been provided by Maritime Strategies International Ltd. (“MSI”). The statistical and geographical information contained herein is drawn from MSI’s database and other sources
2019 saw most West African OSV markets consolidate and advance the gains which they had made over the second half of 2018, with earnings for AHTS vessels seeing further advances. MSI’s assessment of West African earnings for a 10,800 BHP AHTS increased by 7% on an annual average basis in 2019 relative to the previous year. This follows an increase of 7% of total annual average AHTS fleet utilization in West Africa. The increase in demand was mainly generated by a higher number of drilling rigs working in the region. While in 2018 on average 11 jack-ups and 12 floating rigs were working, these figures grew to 16 and 14, respectively, in 2019.
The market of small crew boats in West Africa was very similar to its state in 2018. While demand remained the same, there were several newbuild vessels delivered to the region during 2019 (among others, four vessels by the Company). At the same time, Bourbon Mobility (which by far is the operator with the highest number of crew boats in the region) scrapped more than 20 of its crew boats and brought crew boats from other regions to West Africa. The annual average total utilization of crew boats (fast supply vessels not included) decreased by 2%, while annual average dayrates decreased by 3%. While the number of drilling rigs in West Africa increased in 2019, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) activity such as platform installation decreased compared to 2018.
OSV operators in 2019 continued to expand the range of services which they offer, with integrated services - sometimes on a lump-sum basis - increasingly common, with larger operators typically more active in pushing these solutions. However, within the West African market a major unknown surrounds the attitude of the new owners of the Bourbon fleet, as the operator plays a significant role within West African markets and is the dominant operator of crew boats in the region.
Under more normal circumstances, we would argue that the increasingly tight supply situation in West Africa would leave markets well positioned to push on and make further improvements in earnings as 2020 rolls on. However, it is undeniable that the recent precipitous decline in oil prices, coupled with heightened geopolitical uncertainty and the wider impacts of COVID-19, means that earnings are likely to come under some significant pressure. Oil companies are in the process of revising capital budgets and have lowered expectations by approximately 30% on average, although offshore work has thus far been more resilient than the significant cuts made by US onshore-focused independents.
There are a couple of factors which may imply that the West African large AHTS and crew boat sectors may see some insulation from the full ramifications of the downturn. Firstly, crew boats are principally focused on serving the operational base of production infrastructure. In an environment where oil companies are making significant cuts to capital spending, operational expenditures are likely to be more resilient, particularly given their role in sustaining oil company cashflow. This is particularly the case as we believe that a significant proportion of West African crude production has been hedged at prices above current prices, so throughoutas such oil companies have little incentive to shut in existing production platforms, at least in the year.near term. More broadly, existing contracts will give operators some runway, but if the low oil price environment stays with us until the end of the year, vessel utilization and therefore dayrate levels are expected to fall substantially, especially for AHTS vessels.
Environmental and Other Regulation
Regulations in the Shipping Industry
Government lawsregulation and regulationslaws significantly affect the ownership and operation of our vessels.fleet. We are subject to various international conventions and treaties, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the countries in which our vessels may operate or are registered.registered relating to safety and health and environmental protection including the storage, handling, emission, transportation and discharge of hazardous and non-hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination and liability for damage to natural resources. Compliance with such laws, regulations and other requirements entails significant expense, including vessel modificationmodifications and implementation costs.of certain operating procedures.
A variety of government and private entities subject our vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities include the local port authorities (applicable national authorities such as the United States Coast Guard ("USCG"), harbor master or equivalent), classification societies, flag state administrations (countries of registry) and charterers, particularly terminal operators. Certain of these entities require us to obtain permits, licenses, certificates and other authorizations for the operation of our vessels. Failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could require us to incur substantial costs or result in the temporary suspension of the operation of one or more of our vessels.
Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to stricter environmental standards. We are required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our officers and crews and compliance with United States and international regulations. We believe that the operation of our vessels is in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and that our vessels have all material permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations necessary for the conduct of our operations. However, because such laws and regulations frequently change and may impose increasingly stricter requirements, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with these requirements, or the impact of these requirements on the resale value or useful lives of our vessels. In addition, a future serious marine
incident that causes significant adverse environmental impact could result in additional legislation or regulation that could negatively affect our profitability.
International Maritime Organization
The IMO, is the United Nations agency for maritime safety and the prevention of pollution by ships. The IMOvessels has adopted several international conventions that regulateMARPOL, the international shipping industry, including but not limited to the International Convention of Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, as from time to time amended and generally referred to as the CLC, the BunkerSOLAS Convention and MARPOL.the LL Convention. MARPOL establishes environmental standards relating to oil leakage or spilling, garbage management, sewage, air emissions, handling and disposal of noxious liquids and the handling of harmful substances in packaged forms. MARPOL is applicable to drybulk, tanker and LNG carriers, among other vessels, and is broken into six Annexes, each of which establishes environmental standards relating toregulates a different sourcessource of pollution:pollution. Annex I relates to oil leakage or spilling; Annexes II and III relate to harmful substances carried in bulk, in liquid or in packaged form, respectively; Annexes IV and V relate to sewage and garbage management, respectively; and Annex VI, lastly, relates to air emissions. Annex VI was separately adopted by the IMO in September of 1997; new emissions standards, titled IMO-2020, took effect on January 1, 2020.
Air Emissions
In September of 1997, relatesthe IMO adopted Annex VI to MARPOL to address air emissions.pollution from vessels. Effective May 2005, Annex VI sets limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from all commercial vessel exhausts and prohibits "deliberate emissions" of ozone depleting substances (such as halons and chlorofluorocarbons), emissions of volatile compounds from cargo tanks, and the shipboard incineration of specific substances. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent controls on sulfur emissions, as explained below. Emissions of "volatile organic compounds" from certain vessels, and the shipboard incineration (from incinerators installed after January 1, 2000) of certain substances (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs) are also prohibited. We believe that all our vessels are currently compliant in all material respects with these regulations.
The Marine Environment Protection Committee (the "MEPC") adopted amendments to Annex VI regarding emissions of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, particulate matter and ozone depleting substances, which entered into force on July 1, 2010. The amended Annex VI seeks to further reduce air pollution by, among other things, implementing a progressive reduction of the amount of sulfur contained in any fuel oil used on board ships. On October 27, 2016, at its 70th session, the MEPC agreed to implement a global 0.5% m/m sulfur oxide emissions limit (reduced from 3.50%) starting from January 1, 2020. This limitation can be met by using low-sulfur compliant fuel oil, alternative fuels, or certain exhaust gas cleaning systems. From January 1, 2020, ships were required to obtain bunker delivery notes and International Air Pollution Prevention Certificates from their flag states that specify sulfur content. Additionally, at MEPC 73, amendments to Annex VI to prohibit the carriage of bunkers above 0.5% sulfur on ships were adopted and took effect on March 1, 2020. These regulations subject ocean-going vessels to stringent emissions controls, and may cause us to incur substantial costs.
Sulfur content standards are even stricter within certain Emission Control Areas ("ECAs"). As of January 1, 2015, ships operating within an ECA were not permitted to use fuel with sulfur content in excess of 0.1% m/m. Amended Annex VI establishes procedures for designating new ECAs. Currently, the IMO has designated four ECAs, including specified portions of the Baltic Sea area, North Sea area, North American area and United States Caribbean area. Ocean-going vessels in these areas will be subject to stringent emission controls and may cause us to incur additional costs. Other areas in China are subject to local regulations that impose stricter emission controls. If other ECAs are approved by the IMO, or other new or more stringent requirements relating to emissions from marine diesel engines or port operations by vessels are adopted by the U.S. RegulationsEnvironmental Protection Agency or the states where we operate, compliance with these regulations could entail significant capital expenditures or otherwise increase the costs of our operations.
Amended Annex VI also establishes new tiers of stringent nitrogen oxide emissions standards for marine diesel engines, depending on their date of installation. At the MEPC meeting held from March to April 2014, amendments to Annex VI were adopted which address the date on which Tier III Nitrogen Oxide ("NOx") standards in ECAs will go into effect. Under the amendments, Tier III NOx standards apply to ships that operate in the North American and U.S. Caribbean Sea ECAs designed for the control of NOx produced by vessels with a marine diesel engine installed and constructed on or after January 1, 2016. Tier III requirements could apply to areas that will be designated for Tier III NOx in the future. At MEPC 70 and MEPC 71, the MEPC approved the North Sea and Baltic Sea as ECAs for nitrogen
oxide for ships built on or after January 1, 2021. As a result of these designations or similar future designations, we may be required to incur additional operating or other costs.
As determined at the MEPC 70, the new Regulation 22A of MARPOL Annex VI became effective as of March 1, 2018 and requires ships above 5,000 gross tonnage to collect and report annual data on fuel oil consumption to an IMO database, with the first year of data collection having commenced on January 1, 2019. The IMO intends to use such data as the first step in its roadmap (through 2023) for developing its strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships, as discussed further below. All vessels in our operating fleet are below 5,000 gross tonnages.
As of January 1, 2013, MARPOL made mandatory certain measures relating to energy efficiency for ships. All ships are now required to develop and implement Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plans, and new ships must be designed in compliance with minimum energy efficiency levels per capacity mile as defined by the Energy Efficiency Design Index (the "EEDI"). Under these measures, by 2025, all new ships built will be 30% more energy efficient than those built in 2014.
We may incur costs to comply with these revised standards. Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could require the installation of expensive emission control systems and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Safety Management System Requirements
The SOLAS Convention was amended to address the safe manning of vessels and emergency training drills. The Convention of Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims sets limitations of liability for a loss of life or personal injury claim or a property claim against ship owners. We believe that our vessels are in substantial compliance with SOLAS and LLMC standards.
Under Chapter IX of the SOLAS Convention, or the ISM Code, our operations are also subject to environmental standards and requirements. The ISM Code requires the party with operational control of a vessel to develop an extensive safety management system that includes, among other things, the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for operating its vessels safely and describing procedures for responding to emergencies. We rely upon the safety management system that we and our technical management team have developed for compliance with the ISM Code. The failure of a vessel owner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.
The ISM Code requires that vessel operators obtain a safety management certificate for each vessel they operate. This certificate evidences compliance by a vessel's management with the ISM Code requirements for a safety management system. No vessel can obtain a safety management certificate unless its manager has been awarded a document of compliance, issued by each flag state, under the ISM Code. The Company has nominated Remøy, V.Ships and SSM to technically operate our vessels. The technical managers have obtained the DOC (document of compliance) in order to operate in accordance with the ISM Code. The document of compliance and safety management certificate are renewed as required.
Amendments to the SOLAS Convention Chapter VII apply to vessels transporting dangerous goods and require those vessels be in compliance with the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (the "IMDG Code"). Effective January 1, 2018, the IMDG Code includes (1) updates to the provisions for radioactive material, reflecting the latest provisions from the International Atomic Energy Agency, (2) new marking, packing and classification requirements for dangerous goods, and (3) new mandatory training requirements. Amendments which took effect on January 1, 2020 also reflect the latest material from the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, including (1) new provisions regarding IMO type 9 tank, (2) new abbreviations for segregation groups, and (3) special provisions for carriage of lithium batteries and of vehicles powered by flammable liquid or gas.
The IMO has also adopted the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (the "STCW"). As of February 2017, all seafarers are required to meet the STCW standards and be in possession of a valid STCW certificate. Flag states that have ratified SOLAS and STCW generally employ the classification societies, which have incorporated SOLAS and STCW requirements into their class rules, to undertake surveys to confirm compliance.
The IMO's Maritime Safety Committee and MEPC, respectively, each adopted relevant parts of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Water (the "Polar Code"). The Polar Code, which entered into force on January 1, 2017, covers design, construction, equipment, operational, training, search and rescue as well as environmental protection matters relevant to ships operating in the waters surrounding the two poles. It also includes mandatory measures regarding safety and pollution prevention as well as recommendatory provisions. The Polar Code applies to new ships constructed after January 1, 2017, and after January 1, 2018, ships constructed before January 1, 2017 are required to meet the relevant requirements by the earlier of their first intermediate or renewal survey.
Furthermore, recent action by the IMO's Maritime Safety Committee and United States agencies indicate that cybersecurity regulations for the maritime industry are likely to be further developed in the near future in an attempt to combat cybersecurity threats. For example, cyber-risk management systems must be incorporated by ship-owners and managers by 2021. This might cause companies to create additional procedures for monitoring cybersecurity, which could require additional expenses and/or capital expenditures. The impact of such regulations is hard to predict at this time.
Pollution Control and Liability Requirements
The IMO has negotiated international conventions that impose liability for pollution in international waters and the territorial waters of the signatories to such conventions. For example, the IMO adopted an International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (the "BWM Convention") in 2004. The BWM Convention entered into force on September 8, 2017. The BWM Convention requires ships to manage their ballast water to remove, render harmless, or avoid the uptake or discharge of new or invasive aquatic organisms and pathogens within ballast water and sediments. The BWM Convention's implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements, to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration limits, and require all ships to carry a ballast water record book and an international ballast water management certificate.
On December 4, 2013, the IMO Assembly passed a resolution revising the application dates of the BWM Convention so that the dates are triggered by the entry into force date and not the dates originally in the BWM Convention. This, in effect, makes all vessels delivered before the entry into force date "existing vessels" and allows for the installation of ballast water management systems on such vessels at the first International Oil Pollution Prevention (the "IOPP") renewal survey following entry into force of the BWM Convention. The MEPC adopted updated guidelines for approval of ballast water management systems (G8) at MEPC 70. At MEPC 71, the schedule regarding the BWM Convention's implementation dates was also discussed and amendments were introduced to extend the date existing vessels are subject to certain ballast water standards. Ships over 400 gross tons generally must comply with a "D-1 standard," requiring the exchange of ballast water only in open seas and away from coastal waters. The "D-2 standard" specifies the maximum amount of viable organisms allowed to be discharged, and compliance dates vary depending on the IOPP renewal dates. Depending on the date of the IOPP renewal survey, existing vessels must comply with the D-2 standard on or after September 8, 2019. For most ships, compliance with the D-2 standard will involve installing on-board systems to treat ballast water and eliminate unwanted organisms. Ballast water management systems, which include systems that make use of chemical, biocides, organisms or biological mechanisms, or which alter the chemical or physical characteristics of the ballast water, must be approved in accordance with IMO Guidelines (Regulation D-3). Costs of compliance with these regulations may be substantial.
Once mid-ocean ballast exchange or ballast water treatment requirements become mandatory under the BWM Convention, the cost of compliance could increase for ocean carriers and may have a material effect on our operations. However, many countries already regulate the discharge of ballast water carried by vessels from country to country to prevent the introduction of invasive and harmful species via such discharges. The U.S., for example, requires vessels entering its waters from another country to conduct mid-ocean ballast exchange, or undertake some alternate measure, and to comply with certain reporting requirements.
The IMO also adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (the "Bunker Convention") to impose strict liability on ship owners (including the registered owner, bareboat charterer, manager or operator) for pollution damage in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states caused by discharges of bunker fuel. The Bunker Convention requires registered owners of ships over 1,000 gross tons to maintain insurance for pollution damage in an amount equal to the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitation regime (but not exceeding the amount calculated in accordance with the LLMC). With respect to non-ratifying states,
liability for spills or releases of oil carried as fuel in ship's bunkers typically is determined by the national or other domestic laws in the jurisdiction where the events or damages occur.
Ships are required to maintain a certificate attesting that they maintain adequate insurance to cover an incident. In jurisdictions, such as the United States where the Bunker Convention has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or on a strict-liability basis.
Anti‑Fouling Requirements
In 2001, the IMO adopted the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti‑fouling Systems on Ships (the "Anti‑fouling Convention"). The Anti‑fouling Convention, which entered into force on September 17, 2008, prohibits the use of organotin compound coatings to prevent the attachment of mollusks and other sea life to the hulls of vessels. Vessels of over 400 gross tons engaged in international voyages will also be required to undergo an initial survey before the vessel is put into service or before an International Anti‑fouling System Certificate is issued for the first time; and subsequent surveys when the anti‑fouling systems are altered or replaced. We have obtained Anti‑fouling System Certificates for all of our vessels that are subject to the Anti‑fouling Convention.
Compliance Enforcement
Noncompliance with the ISM Code or other IMO regulations may subject the ship owner or bareboat charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. The USCG and European Union authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Code by applicable deadlines will be prohibited from trading in U.S. and European Union ports, respectively. As of the date of this report, each of our vessels is ISM Code certified. The Company has nominated Remøy, V. Ships and SSM to technically operate our vessels. The technical managers have obtained the DOC (document of compliance) in order to operate in accordance with the ISM code. However, there can be no assurance that such certificates will be maintained in the future. The IMO continues to review and introduce new regulations. It is impossible to predict what additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO and what effect, if any, such regulations might have on our operations.
United States Regulations
All the Company's vessels operate in the North Sea or in West Africa, and it is unlikely that they will operate in the U.S. at a later time. However, if at some time in the future our vessels operate in the United States, we could be subject to strict environmental regulations, such as state environmental laws, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, establishedwhich establishes an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all "ownersspills, and operators" whose vessels trade in the U. S., its territoriesComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and possessions or whose vessels operate in U.S. waters, which includes the U.S. territorial sea and its 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone. The U. S. has also enacted CERCLALiability Act which applies to the discharge of hazardous substances other than oil, exceptamong others. Other regulations, such as the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement's revised Production Safety Systems Rule, the U.S. Clean Water Act, and other ballast water regulations may also apply. Should we operate in limited circumstances, whether on land or at sea.U.S. waters, compliance with OPA and CERCLA both define "owner or operator" inother U.S. regulations could impact the casecost of a vessel as any person owning, operating or chartering by demise, the vessel. Accordingly, both OPAour operations and CERCLA impactadversely affect our operations.
Under OPA, vessel owners and operators are "responsible parties" and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels. OPA defines these other damages broadly to include:
· | injury to, destruction or loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources and related assessment costs; |
· | injury to, or economic losses resulting from, the destruction of real and personal property; |
· | net loss of taxes, royalties, rents, fees or net profit revenues resulting from injury, destruction or loss of real or personal property, or natural resources; |
· | loss of subsistence use of natural resources that are injured, destroyed or lost; |
· | lost profits or impairment of earning capacity due to injury, destruction or loss of real or personal property or natural resources; and |
· | net cost of increased or additional public services necessitated by removal activities following a discharge of oil, such as protection from fire, safety or health hazards, and loss of subsistence use of natural resources. |
OPA contains statutory caps on liability and damages; such caps do not apply to direct cleanup costs. Effective December 21, 2015, the U.S. Coast Guard adjusted the limits of OPA liability for non-tank vessels, edible oil tank vessels, and any spill response vessels to the greater of $1,100 per gross ton or $939,800 (subject to periodic adjustment for inflation). These limits of liability do not apply if an incident was proximately caused by the violation of an applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or operating regulation by a responsible party (or its agent, employee or a person acting pursuant to a contractual relationship), or a responsible party's gross negligence or willful misconduct. The limitation on liability similarly does not apply if the responsible party fails or refuses to (i) report the incident where the responsibility party knows or has reason to know of the incident; (ii) reasonably cooperate and assist as requested in connection with oil removal activities; or (iii) without sufficient cause, comply with an order issued under the Federal Water Pollution Act (Section 311 (c), (e)) or the Intervention on the High Seas Act.
business.
European Union Regulations
In October 2009, the European Union amended a directive to impose criminal sanctions for illicit ship-source discharges of polluting substances, including minor discharges, if committed with intent, recklessly or with serious negligence and the discharges individually or in the aggregate result in deterioration of the quality of water. Aiding and abetting the discharge of a polluting substance may also lead to criminal penalties. Member States were requiredThe directive applies to enact lawsall types of vessels, irrespective of their flag, but certain exceptions apply to warships or regulations to comply withwhere human safety or that of the directive by the end of 2010.ship is in danger. Criminal liability for pollution may result in substantial penalties or fines and increased civil liability claims. The directive applies to all types of vessels, irrespective of their flag; however, certain exceptions apply to warships or where human safety, or thatRegulation (EU) 2015/757 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 (amending EU Directive 2009/16/EC) governs the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport, and, subject to some exclusions, requires companies with ships over 5,000 gross tonnage to monitor and report carbon dioxide emissions annually, which may cause us to incur additional expenses.
The European Union has adopted several regulations and directives requiring, among other things, more frequent inspections of high-risk ships, as determined by type, age, and flag as well as the number of times the ship is in danger.has been detained. The European Union also adopted and extended a ban on substandard ships and enacted a minimum ban period and a definitive ban for repeated offenses. The regulation also provided the European Union with greater
authority and control over classification societies, by imposing more requirements on classification societies and providing for fines or penalty payments for organizations that failed to comply. Furthermore, the EU has implemented regulations requiring vessels to use reduced sulfur content fuel for their main and auxiliary engines. The EU Directive 2005/33/EC (amending Directive 1999/32/EC) introduced requirements parallel to those in Annex VI relating to the sulfur content of marine fuels. In addition, the European Union imposed a 0.1% maximum sulfur requirement for fuel used by ships at berth in the Baltic, the North Sea and the English Channel (the so called “SOx-Emission Control Area”). As of January 2020, EU member states must also ensure that ships in all EU waters, except the SOx-Emission Control Area, use fuels with a 0.5% maximum sulfur content.
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the UN that has adopted the Maritime Labor Convention 2006 (the “MLC 2006”). A Maritime Labor Certificate and a Declaration of Maritime Labor Compliance is required to ensure compliance with the MLC 2006 for all ships that are 500 gross tonnage or over and are either engaged in international voyages or flying the flag of a Member and operating from a port, or between ports, in another country. We believe that all our vessels are in substantial compliance with and are certified to meet MLC 2006.
Greenhouse Gas Regulation
Currently, the emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping are not subject to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which entered into force in 2005 and pursuant to which adopting countries have been required to implement national programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with targets extended through 2020. International negotiations are continuing with respect to a successor to the Kyoto Protocol, and restrictions on shipping emissions may be included in any new treaty. In December 2009, more than 27 nations, including the U.S. and China, signed the Copenhagen Accord, which includes a non-binding commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris resulted in the Paris Agreement, which entered into force on November 4, 2016. The Paris Agreement2016 and does not directly limit greenhouse gas emissions from ships. The U.S. initially entered into the agreement, but on June 1, 2017, the U.S. President announced that the United States intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, which provides for a four-year exit process, meaning that the earliest possible effective withdrawal date cannot be before November 4, 2020. The timing and effect of such action has yet to be determined.
AsAt MEPC 70 and MEPC 71, a draft outline of January 1, 2013, allthe structure of the initial strategy for developing a comprehensive IMO strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships must complywas approved. In accordance with mandatory requirements adopted bythis roadmap, in April 2018, nations at the MEPC in July 2011 relating72 adopted an initial strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Currently operatingemissions from ships. The initial strategy identifies "levels of ambition" to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including (1) decreasing the carbon intensity from ships are now requiredthrough implementation of further phases of the EEDI for new ships; (2) reducing carbon dioxide emissions per transport work, as an average across international shipping, by at least 40% by 2030, pursuing efforts towards 70% by 2050, compared to develop Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plans,2008 emissions levels; and minimum(3) reducing the total annual greenhouse emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 while pursuing efforts towards phasing them out entirely. The initial strategy notes that technological innovation, alternative fuels and/or energy efficiency levels per capacity mile will apply to new ships. Under those measures by 2025, all new ships builtsources for international shipping will be 30% more energy efficient than those built in 2014.integral to achieve the overall ambition. These requirementsregulations could cause us to incur additional compliance costs. substantial expenses.
The IMO is planning to implement market-based mechanismsEU made a unilateral commitment to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions from ships at an upcoming MEPC session. In April 2015, a regulation was adopted requiring thatits member states to 20% of 1990 levels by 2020. The EU also committed to reduce its emissions by 20% under the Kyoto Protocol's second period from 2013 to 2020. Starting in January 2018, large ships (overover 5,000 gross tons)tonnage calling at European UnionEU ports from January 2018are required to collect and publish data on carbon dioxide emissions and other information. In the U. S. the Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, has issued a finding that greenhouse gases endanger the public health and safety and has adopted regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions from certain mobile sources and large stationary sources. The EPA enforces both the CAA and the international standards found in Annex VI of MARPOL concerning marine diesel engines, their emissions, and the sulfur content in marine fuel.
Any passage of climate control legislation or other regulatory initiatives by the IMO, European Union,the EU, the U.S. or other countries where we operate, or any treaty adopted at the international level to succeed the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreement, that restrictrestricts emissions of greenhouse gases from marine vessels, could require us to make significant financial expenditures including capital expenditures to upgrade our vessels, which we cannot predict with certainty at this time.
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization, Even in the absence of climate control legislation, our business may be indirectly affected to the extent that climate change may result in sea level changes or the ILO, is a specialized agency of the UN with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The ILO has adopted the Maritime Labor Convention 2006, or the MLC 2006. A Maritime Labor Certificate and a Declaration of Maritime Labor Compliance will be required to ensure compliance with the MLC 2006 for all ships above 500 gross tons in international trade. The MLC 2006 will enter into force one year after 30 countries with a minimum of 33% of the world's tonnage have ratified it. On August 20, 2012, the required number of countries was met and MLC 2006 entered into force on August 20, 2013. Amendments to MLC 2006 were adopted in 2014 and 2016. MLC 2006 requires us to develop new procedures to ensure full compliance with its requirements.
certain weather events.
Vessel Security Regulations
Since the terrorist attacksSimilarly, Chapter XI-2 of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. In 2002, the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or the MTSA, came into effect, and to implement certain portions of the MTSA the U.S. Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The regulations also impose requirements on certain ports and facilities, some of which are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Similarly, in December 2002, amendments to the SOLAS Convention created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically with maritime security. The new Chapter XI-2 became effective in July 2004 and imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities and mandates compliance with the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code or the ISPS Code. (the "ISPS Code").
The ISPS Code is designed to enhance the security of ports and ships against terrorism.
To trade internationally, a vessel must attain an International Ship Security Certificate or ISSC,("ISSC") from a recognized security organization approved by the vessel's flag state. Among the various requirements are:
· | on-board installation of automatic identification systems to provide a means for the automatic transmission of safety-related information from among similarly equipped ships and shore stations, including information on a ship's identity, position, course, speed and navigational status; |
· | on-board installation of ship security alert systems, which do not sound on the vessel but only alert the authorities on shore; |
· | the development of vessel security plans; |
· | ship identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel's hull; |
· | a continuous synopsis record kept onboard showing a vessel's history, including the name of the ship, the state whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that state, the ship's identification number, the port at which the ship is registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered address; and |
· | compliance with flag state security certification requirements. |
Ships operating without a valid certificate may be detained, at port until an ISSC is obtained, or may be expelled from, port, or refused entry at port.
port until they obtain an ISSC. The U.S. Coast Guard regulations, intended to align with international maritime security standards, exempt from MTSA vessel security measures non-U.S. vessels that have on board a valid ISSC attesting to the vessel's compliance withvarious requirements, some of which are found in the SOLAS Convention, include, for example, on-board installation of automatic identification systems to provide a means for the automatic transmission of safety-related information from among similarly equipped ships and shore stations, including information on a ship's identity, position, course, speed and navigational status; on-board installation of ship security requirementsalert systems, which do not sound on the vessel but only alert the authorities on shore; the development of vessel security plans; ship identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel's hull; a continuous synopsis record kept onboard showing a vessel's history including the name of the ship, the state whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that state, the ship's identification number, the port at which the ship is registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered address; and compliance with flag state security certification requirements.
Future security measures could have a significant financial impact on us. We intend to comply with the various security measures addressed by the SOLAS Convention and the ISPS Code.
The cost of vessel security measures has also been affected by the escalation in the frequency of acts of piracy against ships, notably off the coast of Somalia, including the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea area. Substantial loss of revenue and other costs may be incurred as a result of detention of a vessel or additional security measures, and the risk of uninsured losses could significantly affect our business. Costs are incurred in taking additional security measures in accordance with Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy, notably those contained in the BMP5 industry standard.
Inspection by Classification Societies
Every oceangoingThe hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be "classed"classed by a classification society.society authorized by its country of registry. The classification society certifies that thea vessel is "in class," signifying that the vessel has been builtsafe and maintainedseaworthy in accordance with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel's country of registry of the vessel and the international conventions ofSOLAS. Most insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage and lending that a vessel be certified "in class" by a classification society which that country is a member.member of the International Association of Classification Societies, the IACS. The IACS has adopted harmonized Common Structural Rules (the "Rules") which apply to oil tankers and bulk carriers contracted for construction on or after July 1, 2015. The Rules attempt to create a level of consistency between IACS Societies. All of our vessels are certified as being "in class" by all the applicable Classification Societies (e.g., American Bureau of Shipping, Lloyd's Register of Shipping).
A vessel must undergo annual surveys, intermediate surveys, drydockings and special surveys. In addition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinanceslieu of a flag state,special survey, a vessel's machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle, under which the classification society will undertake them on application or by official order, acting on behalfmachinery would be surveyed periodically over a five-year period. Every vessel is also required to be drydocked every 30 to 60 months for inspection of the authorities concerned.
Annual Surveys. For seagoing ships, annual surveys are conducted for the hull and the machinery, including the electrical plant and where applicable for special equipment classed, at intervals of 12 months from the date of commencementunderwater parts of the vessel. If any vessel does not maintain its class period indicated in the certificate.
Intermediate Surveys. Extendedand/or fails any annual surveys are referred to assurvey, intermediate surveys and typically are conducted two and one-half years after commissioning and each class renewal. Intermediate surveys may be carried out on the occasion of the secondsurvey, drydocking or third annual survey.
Class Renewal Surveys. Class renewal surveys, also known as special surveys, are carried out for the ship's hull, machinery, including the electrical plant, and for any special equipment classed, at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At the special survey, the vessel is thoroughly examined, including audio-gaugingwill be unable to determine the thicknesscarry cargo between ports and will be unemployable and uninsurable which could cause us to be in violation of the steel structures.
certain covenants in our loan agreements. Any such inability to carry cargo or be employed, or any such violation of covenants, could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Risk of Loss and Liability Insurance
General
The operation of any offshore supplycargo vessel includes risks such as mechanical and structural failure, hullphysical damage, collision, property loss, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, piracy incidents, hostilities and labor strikes. In addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including oil spills and other environmental incidents,mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which imposes virtually unlimited liability upon owners, operators
Hull and demise charterers of vessels trading in the United States exclusive economic zone for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made liability insurance more expensive for ship owners and operators trading in the United States market.
Hull & Machinery and War Risk Insurance
We have obtained marineprocure hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance, which includes environmental damage and pollution insurance and war risk insurance which include the risk of actual or constructive total loss,and freight, demurrage and defense insurance for all of the vessels in our fleet. However, ourWe generally do not maintain insurance policies contain deductible amountsagainst loss of hire (except for certain charters for which we will be responsible. We have also arranged additional total loss coverage for each vessel. This coverage,consider it appropriate), which is called hull interest and freight interest coverage, provides us additional coveragecovers business interruptions that result in the eventloss of the total loss or the constructive total lossuse of a vessel. The agreed deductible on each vessel averages approximately $130,000.
Protection and Indemnity Insurance
Protection and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or P"P&I Associations, which insureAssociations", and covers our third-party liabilities to third parties in connection with our shipping and offshore activities. This includes third-party liability and other related expenses resulting from theof injury or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, the loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances, and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Our P&I coverage will be subject to and in accordance with the rules of the P&I Association in which the vessel is entered. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance, extended by protection and indemnity mutual associations, or "clubs."
Our coverage is expected to be limited to approximately $7.5 billion, except for pollution which is limited $1 billion and passenger and crew which is limited to $3 billion.
We expect that ourcurrent protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution will beis $1 billion per vessel per incident. The thirteen13 P&I Associations that comprise the International Group of Protection & Indemnity Clubs, or the International Group insure approximately 90% of the world's commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association's liabilities. The pooling agreementInternational Group's website states that the pool provides a mechanism for sharing all claims in excess of $9US $10 million up to, $7.5 billion, the capped exposure of each P&I Association under the pooling agreement.currently, approximately US $8.2 billion. As a member of a P&I Association, which is a member of the International Group, we are subject to calls payable to the associations based on the group'sour claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations and members of the shipping pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group.
Permits and Authorizations
We are required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our vessels. The kinds of permits, licenses and certificates required depend upon several factors, including the commodity transported, the waters in which the vessel operates, the nationality of the vessel's crew and the age of a vessel. We expect to be able to obtain all permits, licenses and certificates currently required to permit our vessels to operate. Additional laws and regulations, environmental or otherwise, may be adopted which could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of us doing business.
Seasonality
Operations in the North Sea are generally at their highest levels during the months from April through August and at their lowest levels from December through February primarily due to lower construction activity and harsh weather conditions affecting the movement and servicing of drilling rigs. Operations in West Africa are not significantly impacted by seasonality. Nevertheless, operations in any market may be affected by seasonality often related to unusually long or short construction seasons due to, among other things, abnormal weather conditions, as well as market demand associated with increased drilling and development activities.
C.Organizational Structure
As of December 31, 2016, we are the sole owner of all of the outstanding shares of Blue Power Limited,Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd. is a company organized under the laws of Bermuda and Nordic American Offshore (UK) Ltd., a company organized underBermuda. We own our vessels through separate wholly-owned subsidiaries that are incorporated in the lawsRepublic of the United Kingdom.Marshall Islands. Please see Exhibit 8.1 to this annual report for a list of our significant subsidiaries.
D.Property, Plants and Equipment
Other than our vessels, we do not own any material property.Please see Item"Item 4. Information on the Company–Company—B. Business Overview–Overview—Our Fleet,Fleet", for a description of our vessels. All of our PSVs and crew boats are mortgaged as collateral under our New Term Loan Facility and our AHTS vessels are mortgaged as collateral under our DVB Credit Facility.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
The Company has received comments from the Staff of the Commission related to the Company's Reports on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 and on Form 6-K for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 that concern the Company's vessel impairment analyses. The Staff has requested additional information on assumptions and a sensitivity analysis related to our impairment analysis of our vessels. The Company has been in discussions with the Staff about these questions. The Company believes additional disclosures have been incorporated into our subsequent filings that are responsive to the Staff's comments. The Company does not know what the outcome of such discussions will be, in particular, whether they will lead to a change in its impairment analysis, and if so, of what nature. The Company will continue to work with the Staff to resolve any outstanding comments.The above discussion is not required to be set forth in this Item 4A, and the Company is providing this description voluntarily.
ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
A. Operating Results
We presentThe following presentation of management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes thereto and other financial information appearing in "Item 18. Financial Statements." You should also carefully read the following discussion with the sections of this annual report entitled "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors," "Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview," and "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." Our consolidated financial statements as of OperationsDecember 31, 2019 (Successor) and Comprehensive (Loss) Income using charter revenues2018 (Predecessor) and charter costs. Duringfor the periods January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), and the years ended December 31, 2016, 20152018 and 2014,2017 (Predecessor) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars ($) unless otherwise indicated.
We generate revenues by charging customers for the use of our vessels. These services are generally provided under the following basic types of contractual relationships:
Spot market charters, which are charters for short intervals that are priced on current, or “spot,” market rates.
Time or term charters, which are vessels chartered to customers for a fixed period of time at rates that are generally fixed, but may contain a variable component based on inflation, interest rates, or current market rates.
We are responsible for the crewing and other vessel operating costs under all of the contractual relationships that our vessels were employed inare currently employed.
Important Financial and Operational Terms and Concepts
We use a variety of financial and operational terms and concepts. These include the North Sea on termfollowing:
Vessel revenues. Vessel revenues primarily include revenues from time and spot charters.
RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015
| | Year ended December 31, | | | | |
All figures in USD '000 | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | Variance | |
Charter Revenues | | | 17,697 | | | | 36,372 | | | | (51.3 | %) |
Charter Costs | | | (1,448 | ) | | | (1,523 | ) | | | (4.9 | %) |
Vessel Operating Costs | | | (24,137 | ) | | | (24,580 | ) | | | (1.8 | %) |
General and Administrative Costs | | | (4,503 | ) | | | (4,261 | ) | | | 5.7 | % |
Depreciation Costs | | | (16,152 | ) | | | (14,379 | ) | | | 12.3 | % |
Net Operating Loss | | | (28,543 | ) | | | (8,372 | ) | | | 240.9 | % |
Interest Income | | | 10 | | | | 34 | | | | (70.7 | %) |
Interest Costs | | | (3,467 | ) | | | (1,807 | ) | | | 91.9 | % |
Other Financial Costs | | | (151 | ) | | | (699 | ) | | | (78.4 | %) |
Total Other Costs | | | (3,608 | ) | | | (2,472 | ) | | | 46.0 | % |
Loss before income taxes | | | (32,151 | ) | | | (10,844 | ) | | | 196.5 | % |
Income Tax | | | - | | | | - | | | NA | |
Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss | | | (32,151 | ) | | | (10,844 | ) | | | 196.5 | % |
In 2015 we had three term charters, two of which were for the whole year and one for the first six months, where rates were significantly higher than the spot market. In 2016 all trading days, except three months of a term charter signed in 2014 for one vessel, were in the spot or short term market where Vessel revenues are affected by hire rates and utilization remained low. The expirythe number of the term contracts is the primary reason for the 51.3% decline in charter revenues. Additionally, both our utilization and charter ratesdays a vessel operates. Revenues from vessels in the spot market for the year ended December 31, 2016, were lower than for the year ended December 31, 2015. We had two vessel delivered in 2016 which did not enter into tradingare more volatile, as they are typically tied to prevailing market rates.
Voyage expenses. Voyage expenses primarily include bunkers, port charges, and our trading capacity in 2016 was slightly lower than 2015 due to the NAO Fighter being laid up in October 2016.
The reduction in charter costs of 4.9% is primarily due to reduced commissions. Commissionsbrokerage commissions paid by us. These expenses are primarily paid on a percentage of the rate, and with the reduction insubtracted from charter revenues these costs decrease. The decreaseto calculate TCE revenue, a non-GAAP measure, which is offset by increased fuel consumption charged to the Company. This is consumption incurred when the vesselsdefined below.
Vessel operating costs. We are not chartered to a customer.
The new vessels added to the fleet in 2016 are in lay-up with an operating cost significantly lower thanresponsible for vessel operating costs for a vessel in operation. The increase in costs from adding two newall of our vessels, which were laid up to the fleet was offset by one additional vessel being laid up in October 2016include crewing, repairs and this together with the U.S. dollar strengthening by approximately 2.5% to the Norwegian Krone reduced themaintenance, insurance, spares and stores, lubricating oils, communication expenses, and technical management fees. The three largest components of our vessel operating costs are crewing, spares and stores and repairs and maintenance. Vessel operating costs per day represent vessel operating costs divided by 1.8%the number of operating days during the period. Operating days are the total number of days (including off-hire days and days in layup) in a period. Vessel operating expenses are lower while a vessel is in lay-up.
Depreciation. Depreciation expense typically consists of:
charges related to the depreciation of the historical cost of our vessels (less an estimated residual value) over the estimated useful lives of the vessels; and
charges related to the amortization of drydocking or engine overhaul expenditures over the estimated number of years or engine hours to the next scheduled drydocking or engine overhaul.
Days. The types of days utilized in measuring the performance of our vessels are as comparedfollows:
On-hire days - the number of available days less the number of days the vessel is off-hire.
Off-hire days - refers to 2015 where eight vessels werethe time a vessel is not in full operationservice. Off-hire days can be attributable to technical off-hire days, which are due primarily to scheduled and unscheduled repairs or drydockings or commercial off-hire days which are when a vessel is unemployed.
Available days - the number of calendar days in a period less the number of days the vessel is in lay-up.
Operating days - operating days are the total number of days in a period including off-hire days and days in layup.
Dayrates. Average dayrates are calculated by subtracting voyage expenses, including bunkers and other related charges, from charter revenue and dividing the net amount by the number of on-hire days in the period. Average effective dayrates represent the average day rate multiplied by the utilization rate (defined below) for the whole year.respective period.
Utilization rates. Utilization rates are determined by the dividing the number of on-hire days by the total number of available days (including off-hire days) in the period. When calculating average effective dayrates, off-hire days for drydock or engine overhauls are considered part of the available days and days that a vessel is in lay-up are not considered part of the available days.
The 5.7% increaseItems You Should Consider When Evaluating Our Results
Reverse Asset Acquisition and Change in generalBasis of Accounting
In April 2019, we acquired 13 vessels consisting of two AHTS vessels and administrative costs is due11 crew boats from SOHI, a related party, in exchange for 8,126,219 common shares of the Company. As part of this acquisition, the Company assumed the aggregate outstanding indebtedness of $9.0 million under the DVB Credit Facility relating to the strengtheningtwo AHTS vessels. The assets acquired in this transaction are collectively referred to as the "SOHI Assets", and the transactions to acquire the SOHI Assets and the assumption of the organization with additional employees increasingrelated indebtedness, are referred to as the cost basis. In addition fees to our auditor and legal advisors increased due to our re-domiciliation from the Marshall Islands to Bermuda."Transaction".
The 12.3% increase in depreciation costs isAs a result of the Transaction, SOHI and its affiliated entities, which are part of Scorpio, obtained a controlling voting interest in the Company. Accordingly, under the relevant accounting guidance, Scorpio was identified as the accounting acquirer of the Company, and the Transaction is considered to be a reverse acquisition. Moreover, the Company determined that the Transaction constitutes a reverse acquisition of two new vesselsassets rather than a reverse business combination.
Under the applicable accounting guidance, a reverse asset acquisition results in 2016.a change in the basis of accounting on the Transaction date. As a result, the financial information presented following the Transaction is not directly comparable to historical periods.
Since it has been determined that the Transaction constitutes an acquisition of assets, the historical financial information prior to the date of the Transaction presented herein (and in future reports and filings) will continue to reflect that of the Company prior to the Transaction rather than that of the SOHI Assets as would be required in a business combination. The vessels were deliveredCompany believes that the historical financial information of the Company prior to the Transaction is more relevant to investors than the historical financial information of the SOHI Assets due to the relative size of the Company's ten PSVs compared to the SOHI Assets and that the value and operating results of the PSVs are expected to be the ultimate driver of the Company's business in April and June 2016, and were depreciatedfuture periods. The results from the timeoperations and cash flows of delivery.the SOHI Assets are included only in the Company's financial information from the Transaction date.
Net operating loss was $28.5 millionAccordingly, the Company's pre-Transaction financial information is presented for the twelve monthsperiod January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), and for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, compared to $8.4 million2018 and 2017 (Predecessor). The Company’s post-Transaction financial information is presented for the twelve months endedperiod from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2015.2019 (Successor). The increase in net operating loss is primarily caused by the reduction in charter revenues and increase in depreciation as described above.
No vessel impairment was recorded for the year after having performed an impairment analysis. The Company's fleet's average age is just over 3 years and the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the book value of each vessel as of December 31, 2016. Please see further information under "Item 5H.-Critical Accounting Estimates".
The increase of 91.9% in interest costs is due to an increase of $90.0 million in amounts drawn on the Credit Facility for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 compared with the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. This was due to the company repurchasing 1,873,684 of its own shares, taking delivery of two ships, and drawing down on the Credit Facility for general corporate purposes in 2016.
RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2014
| | Year ended December 31, | | | | |
All figures in USD '000, | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | Variance | |
Charter Revenues | | | 36,372 | | | | 52,789 | | | | (31.1 | %) |
Charter Costs | | | (1,523 | ) | | | (1,281 | ) | | | 18.9 | % |
Vessel Operating Costs | | | (24,580 | ) | | | (23,038 | ) | | | 6.7 | % |
General and Administrative Costs | | | (4,261 | ) | | | (5,815 | ) | | | (26.7 | %) |
Depreciation Costs | | | (14,379 | ) | | | (11,393 | ) | | | 26.2 | % |
Net Operating (Loss) Income | | | (8,372 | ) | | | 11,262 | | | | (174.3 | %) |
Interest Income | | | 34 | | | | 258 | | | | (86.8 | %) |
Interest Costs | | | (1,807 | ) | | | (1,044 | ) | | | 73.0 | % |
Other Financial Costs | | | (699 | ) | | | (2,333 | ) | | | (70.0 | %) |
Total Other Costs | | | (2,472 | ) | | | (3,119 | ) | | | (20.7 | %) |
(Loss) Income before income taxes | | | (10,844 | ) | | | 8,143 | | | | (233.2 | %) |
Income Tax | | | - | | | | (1,212 | ) | | | (100 | %) |
Net (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income | | | (10,844 | ) | | | 6,931 | | | | (256.5 | %) |
The decline in charter revenues of 31.1% was caused by a reduction in rates and utilization in the North Sea, both for term and spot charters. The reduction of rates and utilization was due to the reduced oil price and an oversupply of vessels available in the market.
The increase in charter costs of 18.9% was primarily due to an increase in offhire and idle time in 2015, where the vessel consumption of fuel is the owner's cost.
The increase in vessel operating costs of 6.7% was primarily due to the acquisition of two vessels in January 2015. The increase is offset by the U.S. dollar strengthening against the Norwegian Kroner, as partsaccounting implications of the vessel operating costsTransaction are denominatedfurther described in Norwegian Kroner.
The 26.7% decrease in general and administrative costs was due to the success fee paid to NAT of $1.5 million related to the NYSE listing in 2014.
The 26.2% increase in depreciation costs was a result of the acquisition of two new vessels in 2015.
Net operating loss was $8.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, compared to a net operating income of $11.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014. The decrease in net operating result is primarily caused by the reduction in charter revenues caused by a reduction in the market rates and utilization.
No vessel impairment was recorded during the year after having considered the Company's fleet's average age of less than"Note 3, years, a low cost base and market outlook that gives estimated undiscounted cash flows that exceeds the book value of each vessel as of December 31, 2015.
Interest costs were $1.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, compared to $1.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014. The increase is due to an increase in amounts drawn on the Credit Facility for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 compared with the twelve months ended December 31, 2014.
Income tax was $0.0 million of the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, compared to $1.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014. The taxes incurred for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 relatesReverse Asset Acquisition" to our operations prior to being accepted into the UK Tonnage Tax regime on March 10, 2014. Tonnage tax incurred subsequent to entering the UK Tonnage Tax regime wasconsolidated financial statements included in Vessel Operating Costs and was considered to be immaterial due to the fact that tax is levied based on net tonnage.herein.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Equity Issuances
In November 2013, we issued an aggregate of 16,666,666 common shares in the Private Placement in Norway at $15.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us of $243.4 million. The net proceeds of the Private Placement were used to finance the purchase price of the six vessels in our initial fleet.
In June 2014, we completed our IPO of 6,764,704 common shares, including the full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase 882,352 additional common shares, at $16.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $100.2 million. The net proceeds of the IPO were used to finance a portion of the purchase price of the newbuilds in our fleet.
In March 2017, we completed an underwritten public follow-on offering of 41,300,000 common shares, which includes 1,3000,000 common shares sold pursuant to the underwriters' partial exercise of the overallotment option to purchase additional common shares, at a price of $1.25 per share. The net proceeds we received from the offering were approximately $48.8 million and are to be used for general corporate purposes, working capital purposes and for the expansion of our fleet.
Credit Facility
On December 19, 2013, we entered into a revolving credit facility with DNB Bank ASA and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB for up to $60.0 million, our Credit Facility. On March 16, 2015, we expanded our Credit Facility to $150.0 million. Our Credit Facility provides funding for future vessel acquisitions and general corporate purposes. Amounts borrowed under our Credit Facility bear interest at an annual rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin and we pay a commitment fee on any undrawn amounts. The maximum potential annual commitment fee payable on undrawn amounts is $600,000. There are no mandatory repayments of principal during the term of the Credit Facility, and we pay interest only on drawn amounts and commitment fee for undrawn amounts. The original maturity of the 2013 Credit Facility was in December 2018. The Credit Facility, as expanded, matures in March 2020.
As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had $137.0 million and $47.0, respectively outstanding under the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2016 we were in default of the minimum value adjusted equity, the minimum value adjusted equity ratio and the minimum liquidity covenants in the credit agreement governing the Credit Facility. We received waivers with respect to such defaults from the lenders under the Credit Facility until April 30, 2018. Under the terms of the waiver obtained, we are unable to draw further on the Credit Facility. We were in compliance with our loan covenants under the Credit Facility as of December 31, 2015. The waiver obtained does not prohibit the Company from paying dividends.
The Company has considered discussions of transactions which would expand both its asset and capital base, but has not gone forward with such discussions. The Company has conducted its follow on offering, which has strengthened its capital base, during the first quarter of 2017.
Cash on hand was $3.0 million as of December 31, 2016. Giving effect to our March 2017 underwritten follow-on offering of 41,300,000 common shares, we added $49.3 million from proceeds before associated expenses estimated at $0.5 million.
Management believes that our working capital is sufficient for our present requirements.
Cash Flow
Cash flows from operating activities decreased to ($16.3) million used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $6.0 million provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in cash flows from operating activities is primarily due to the decrease in average realized rates and fleet utilization, which are the primary drivers of cash flows from operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we had three vessels operating on term contracts with rates significantly higher than the spot market. Two of these contracts expired in December 2015, and one lasted to the end of March 2016. All earnings in 2015 and 2016, except the before mentioned, have been based on assignments in the spot market.
Cash flows from investing activities decreased to ($61.6) million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from ($65.2) million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in cash flows from investing activities is primarily due to the delivery of two vessels acquired in 2016 for a lower purchase price than the two vessels delivered to us in 2015.
Cash flows from financing activities increased to $75.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $18.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in 2016 is due to proceeds from the increased use of our Credit Facility and a decrease in cash dividends paid, which was offset by a $3.0 million increase in payments for repurchases of treasury shares.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
Not applicable.
D. Trend Information
The offshore supply vessel industry is cyclical and changes in oil price and exploration activity are causing volatility in the charter hire rates. The market is subject to seasonality with lower activity in the winter months. See Item 4. Information on the Company–B. Business Overview – The International Offshore Market.
E. Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016, consist of our obligations as a borrower under our Credit Facility.
The following table sets out financial, commercial and other obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2016 (all figures in thousands of USD).
Contractual Obligations | | Total | | | Less than 1 year | | | 1-3 years | | | 3-5 years | | | More than 5 years | |
Credit Facility (1) | | $ | 137,000 | | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 137,000 | | | | - | |
Interest Payments (2) | | $ | 12,090 | | | $ | 3,778 | | | $ | 7,556 | | | $ | 756 | | | | - | |
Commitment Fees (3) | | $ | 291 | | | $ | 91 | | | $ | 182 | | | $ | 18 | | | | - | |
Total | | $ | 149,381 | | | $ | 3,869 | | | $ | 7,738 | | | $ | 137,774 | | | | - | |
(1) | Refers to obligations to repay indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2016 |
(2) | Refers to estimated interest payments over the term of the indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2016 |
(3) | Refers to estimated commitment fees over the term of the indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2016. Estimate based on applicable commitment fee and undrawn amount as of December 31, 2016 |
As of the date of this annual report we have $44.0 million in cash on hand, and $13.0 million undrawn under our Credit Facility. Under the terms of the waiver that we have obtained, we are unable to draw further on the Credit Facility.
G. Safe Harbor
See "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements" at the beginning of this annual report.
H. Critical Accounting EstimatesPolicies and PoliciesEstimates
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America or ("U.S. GAAP. GAAP"). On a regular basis, management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. For a description of our material accounting policies, please read Item 18. Financial Statements Note"Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.Policies" to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company: We had less than $1.0 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, which means that we qualify as an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:
· | exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of the emerging growth company's internal controls over financial reporting; |
· | exemption from new or revised financial accounting standards applicable to public companies until such standards are also applicable to private companies; and |
· | exemption from compliance with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and financial statements. |
30We may take advantage of these provisions until the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will cease to be emerging growth companies if, among other things, we have more than $1.0 billion in "total annual gross revenues" during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of these reduced burdens. For as long as we take advantage of the reduced reporting obligations, the information that we provide shareholders may be different from information provided by other public companies. We are choosing to "opt out" of the extended transition period relating to the exemption from new or revised financial accounting standards and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth public companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
Use of Estimates: Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and costs during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The effects of changes in accounting estimates are accounted for in the same period in which the estimates are changed.
Reverse Asset Acquisition
AccountingWe made several determinations regarding the appropriate accounting treatment for Acquisitionthe Transaction which required the use of Vessels: The Company performed an analysis ofjudgement. These determinations included (i) whether the acquisition of its initial fleet of six vessels in context of ASC 805, which definesTransaction constituted a business for accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The codification definessingle transaction or a business as "an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed forindividual transactions, (ii) which party was identified as the purpose of providingaccounting acquirer, (iii) whether the Transaction should be considered a return inreverse acquisition, (iv) if the form of dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly to investors or other owners, members or participants." Furthermore, subtopic ASC 805-10-55 provides implementation guidance to identify what constitutes a business. The Company considered each element of a business described in the subtopic (i.e. inputs, processes and outputs). A PSV was considered to be an input that is an economic resource in the form of a long-lived asset that has the ability to create outputs when processes are applied to it in the form of strategic, operational and resource management processes. The Company did not identify any processes that were transferred from the seller with the vessels, and therefore has accounted for all historical PSV acquisitions as asset acquisitions.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations - Clarifying the Definition of a Business" to clarifyTransaction met the definition of a business withcombination or an asset acquisition, and (v) what are the financial reporting implications of the preceding determinations.
The first step was to determine if the Transaction constituted a single transaction or set of individual transactions. The crew boats and AHTS vessels were legally acquired via two separate transactions two days apart. As part of our accounting analysis, we determined that these transactions were both made in contemplation of one another and shared the same strategic objective, which was to grow and recapitalize the Company through the acquisition of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whethercomplementary assets in exchange for newly issued common shares. On this basis, we determined that these transactions should be viewed as a single transaction.
For the second step, we identified Scorpio as the accounting acquirer on the basis that Scorpio obtained voting control of the Company as a result of the Transaction.
In the third step we evaluated if the Transaction should be considered a reverse acquisition. Since Scorpio, as the former sole owner of the SOHI Assets, obtained control of the Company by obtaining a majority of the voting interest in the combined entity (which includes the SOHI Assets and the Company), we determined that the Transaction should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals)the acquisition of assetsthe Company by Scorpio (i.e. a reverse acquisition in which SOHI effectively issued consideration equal to a noncontrolling ownership interest in the SOHI Assets in exchange for Scorpio’s acquisition of a controlling ownership interest in the Company).
For the fourth step, we assessed whether the Transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or businesses. Thean acquisition of assets. As part of this exercise, we assessed whether either the SOHI Assets and/or the Company met the definition of a business affects many areasas defined under Accounting Standards Codification 805 -Business Combinations, and more specifically, the Financial Accounting Standard Board's Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, which narrowed the definition of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill,a business.
Under this guidance, we determined (i) the fair value of both asset sets, and consolidation. ASU 2017-01 is effective(ii) whether a single asset, or a group of similar assets, constituted more than 90% of the fair value of the asset sets. The fair values of the vessels in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.each asset set were determined based on the average of two independent shipbroker valuations for the AHTS vessels and crew boats and the average of three independent shipbroker valuations for the PSVs. We also evaluated whether the assets in each asset set were similar. The factors that we considered as part of this evaluation were the technical specifications of each vessel, the remaining useful lives of each vessel at the date of the Transaction, the customer base that these assets serve, the geographies in which they operate, and the historical returns on invested capital for these assets. As a result of this evaluation, we determined that both the Company and the SOHI Assets do not expectmeet the adoptiondefinition of a business but instead of two sets of assets, given the high concentration of similar identifiable assets within each asset set. Based on the foregoing, we determined that the Transaction constitutes a reverse acquisition of assets. ASC paragraph 805-40-45-1 indicates that consolidated financial statements prepared following a reverse acquisition are a continuation of the financial statements of the legal subsidiary (i.e. the accounting acquirer). However, this guidance does not address the financial reporting treatment with regards to historical financial statements when the reverse acquisition does not involve a business combination, but rather a combination of two groups of assets, neither of which constitutes a business under ASC Topic 805.
On this basis, and as the fifth step, we determined the financial reporting implications of these prior determinations. While the application of reverse business combination concepts under the applicable accounting guidance to the Transaction would, by analogy, result in the presentation of the historical financial statements of the
SOHI Assets, we determined that since, (i) this is an asset acquisition and not a business combination, and (ii) the relative size of the Company prior to the Transaction was over six times greater than the SOHI Assets in terms of total assets, that the most useful and informative presentation of the Company’s financial statements was to continue to present the Company as the predecessor entity prior to the Transaction and the combined entity for all periods subsequent. The implications of the above determinations were as follows:
The SOHI Assets of Scorpio, as the accounting acquirer, were recorded at their historical carrying values. On the Transaction date, there were $1.3 million of cash and cash equivalents, $24.7 million of vessels, net, and $9.0 million of non-current debt.
The theoretical cost of the reverse acquisition is the fair value of the equity interests that the legal acquiree (the SOHI Assets) would theoretically have had to issue to give the Company’s shareholders the same percentage equity interest in the combined entity that results from the reverse acquisition. This theoretical cost was determined based on the price of the Company’s common shares on the date of the Transaction and was allocated to the Company's pre-Transaction assets and liabilities on a relative fair value basis.
This application of purchase accounting therefore resulted in several adjustments to the assets and liabilities of the Predecessor given the difference between the fair value and their carrying value on the date of the Transaction.
There were 7,373,989 common shares of the Predecessor outstanding as of the Transaction date, of which, 1,175,474 were owned by Scorpio as a result of the Private Placement. The fair values of the common shares owned by Scorpio, and of the 6,198,515 non-controlling common shares were determined separately based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company's common shares on the closing date of the Transaction of $3.23 per share. Accordingly, the fair value of the equity of the Predecessor on the Transaction date was determined to be $23.8 million.
The Transaction price was allocated to the Company's pre-Transaction identifiable assets and liabilities on a relative fair value basis as of April 8, 2019. The purchase price allocation of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is set forth below:
|
| | | |
In thousands of U.S. dollars | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,657 |
|
Accounts receivable | 3,212 |
|
Prepaid expenses | 1,198 |
|
Fuel, lube oil, and consumables | 981 |
|
Other current assets | 1,098 |
|
Vessels, net (1) | 154,744 |
|
Accounts payable | (1,836 | ) |
Other current liabilities (2) | (4,151 | ) |
Debt | (132,905 | ) |
Other long-term liabilities (2) | (190 | ) |
Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed | $ | 23,808 |
|
| |
(1) | Vessels, net - The difference between the Transaction price and the fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding vessels, was allocated to vessels which were the Company's only long-lived assets. This amount was allocated to the individual ten PSVs on a relative fair value basis (primarily by the age of each vessel). This resulted in a reduction of $20.7 million when comparing the aggregate carrying value of these vessels prior to and subsequent to the Transaction date. Additionally, a component of the cost of each vessel is related to drydock and engine overhaul costs which was estimated based on recent costs, adjusted for each individual vessel based on the estimated period until the next drydock or engine overhaul and are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over that period. |
| |
(2) | Other current and other long-term liabilities (unfavorable contracts) - Other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities include liabilities of $1.4 million and $0.1 million respectively, as a result of an analysis of term contracts for PSVs at rates below market value at the Transaction date. The resulting liabilities are |
recorded as an adjustment to revenues from the Transaction date until the end of the related term contracts, the last of which ends in December 2020.
Certain adjustments were made to the carrying values of the Company's pre-Transaction identifiable assets and liabilities to reflect their fair value. The most significant are described above. Most other balances were recorded at the historical carrying values of the Predecessor, as we determined that their carrying values approximated fair value. Since this was a reverse acquisition of assets rather than a business combination, there is no resultant goodwill (or bargain purchase) as a result of the purchase price allocation. Nominal transaction costs were incurred as part of the Transaction.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
As part of our impairment assessment at December 31, 2019 (Successor), we determined that impairment indicators existed because the market capitalization was less than 50% of shareholders' equity. Accordingly, we proceeded to assess whether the carrying values of the vessels were recoverable by estimating undiscounted future cash flows.
The assumptions that we, as the Successor company, use to develop estimates of future undiscounted cash flows are based on historical trends as well as future expectations and are forecast through the end of the expected useful life of each vessel, which is assumed to be 25 years from the delivery of the vessel from the shipyard for PSVs and AHTS vessels, and 15 years for crew boats.
The most significant assumption in preparing these undiscounted cash flows is our estimate of revenues, which are derived from our assumptions of utilization adjusted dayrates over the forecast period. Utilization and dayrates in our markets are highly volatile, adjust rapidly when confronted with changes in market conditions, and are difficult to predict. Accordingly, this assumption is highly subjective. In preparing our estimated undiscounted cash flows, we assumed a base case scenario that we believe reflects our undiscounted cash flows over time based upon a lower rate environment. In our base case scenario, our forecasted revenue estimates are primarily based on (i) a combination of the Company's forecast, published time charter rates (as of December 31, 2019, net of broker commissions) for the next year and a 2.0% growth rate (which is based on published historical and forecast inflation rates in the geographies in which we operate) in charter rates in each period through the vessel's 15th year of useful life for PSVs and AHTS vessels, and 10th year of useful life for crew boats, and assuming the growth in expenses over time thereafter will be offset by similar increases in charter revenues, and (ii) our estimated off-hire days and utilization which are based on management's experience and market data. Our revenue estimates are based on published time charter rates, which, in contrast with published spot market rates, already have a utilization component embedded within. Nevertheless, in addition to off-hire days for drydock or engine overhauls, we also forecast additional off-hire time in each year to account for unplanned off-hire. We believe that these dayrates are the most useful approximation of future dayrates as (i) they are derived from actual fixtures in the market and thus reflect a collective, forward looking view of market participants, and (ii) are consistent with activity that the Company has seen in its market activities (either through actual fixtures or tendering activity). Additionally, from a longer term perspective, we believe that the dayrate assumptions utilized in the base case scenario are reasonable as the average dayrates for the PSVs and AHTS vessels over the entire forecast period are approximately equal to the 10-year and 20-year historical average time charter rates.
Our revenue assumptions are supplemented by our best estimate of vessel operating expenses and drydock and engine overhaul costs, which are based on our most recent forecasts and actual experience in 2019 and a 2.0% growth rate in each period thereafter. Historical trends underlying these assumptions have been significantly less volatile than the assumptions underlying revenue over time, and therefore do not involve as high of a degree of subjectivity.
Based on the foregoing, we determined that the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by each vessel over their remaining useful lives in our base case would be sufficient to recover their respective carrying values. Moreover, we considered the estimates of vessel values from independent shipbrokers as a comparison to the undiscounted cash flows:
The estimates of vessel values from the independent shipbrokers for the PSVs exceeded their carrying values for each vessel, and by an aggregate of $17.2 million.
The estimates of vessel values from the independent shipbrokers for the crew boats and AHTS vessels was lower than their carrying values by an aggregate of $0.9 million. Six vessels had carrying values greater than their fair values by $3.0 million in aggregate and seven vessels had carrying value lower than their fair values by $2.1 million in aggregate.
For the vessels where the vessel values from the independent shipbrokers were less than their carrying values, we re-evaluated the inputs to the undiscounted cash flow analysis, and the sensitivities thereto, and determined that the inputs were reasonable. Accordingly, we determined that our vessels were not impaired.
In our impairment testing, we also examined the sensitivity of the estimated future cash flows and carrying values to be recovered by separately calculating the break-even charter rates, while holding all other assumptions constant. We then evaluated the outcome of the sensitivity analysis performed to assess their impact on our conclusions. Break-even charter rates were approximately 8% lower than the effective charter rates assumed in the testing for the PSVs, 5% lower for the AHTS vessels, and over 10% lower for the crew boats.
Although we believe that the assumptions used to evaluate potential impairment are reasonable and appropriate, such assumptions are highly subjective. There can be no assurance as to how long charter rates and vessel values will remain at their current levels or whether they will improve by any significant degree. Charter rates may decrease, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability, and any future assessments of vessel impairment. We will continue to monitor developments in charter rates in the markets in which we participate with respect to the expectation of future rates that are utilized in the undiscounted cash flow analyses.
Our fleet as of December 31, 2018 (Predecessor) consisted of ten PSVs. As a result of a prolonged deterioration in market conditions, we determined that the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by each vessel over their remaining useful lives would not be sufficient to recover their respective carrying values. Accordingly, we determined that our vessels were impaired and an impairment charge of $160.1 million was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018. This impairment charge was measured based upon the amount by which the carrying values of our vessels exceeded their fair values.
Our Fleet - Illustrative comparison of carrying amounts as compared to estimated charter-free market value of certain vessels
During the past few years, the market values of vessels have experienced particular volatility and as a result, the charter-free market value, or basic market value, of certain of our vessels may have declined below the carrying amounts of those vessels. After undergoing the impairment analysis discussed above, we have concluded that no impairment is required at December 31, 2019.
The table set forth below indicates the carrying amount of each of our vessels as of December 31, 2019 (Successor) and December 31, 2018 (Predecessor) and the aggregate difference between the carrying amount and the market value represented by such vessels (see footnotes to the table set forth below). This aggregate difference represents the approximate analysis of the amount by which we believe we would record a loss if we sold those vessels on December 31, 2019, on industry standard terms, in cash transactions and to a willing buyer where we are not under any compulsion to sell, and where the buyer is not under any compulsion to buy. For purposes of this standardcalculation, we have assumed that the vessels would be sold at a price that reflects our estimate of their basic market values.
Our estimate of basic market value assumes that our vessels are all in good and seaworthy condition without need for repair and if inspected would be certified in class without notations of any kind. Our estimates are based on information available from our various industry sources, including:
approximate market values for our vessels or similar vessels that we have received from ship brokers, whether solicited or unsolicited, or that ship brokers have generally disseminated;
vessel sale prices and values of which we are aware through both formal and informal communications with shipowners, shipbrokers, industry analysts and various other shipping and offshore industry participants and observers;
reports by industry analysts and data providers that focus on our industry and related dynamics affecting vessel values;
news and industry reports of similar vessel sales; and
offers that we may have received from potential purchasers of our vessels.
As we obtain information from various industry and other sources, our estimates of basic market value are inherently uncertain. In addition, vessel values and revenues are highly volatile; as such, our estimates may not be indicative of the current or future basic market value of our vessels or prices that we could achieve if we were to sell them.
|
| | | | | | | | |
In millions of U.S. dollars | | Carrying value as of | |
Vessel Name | Vessel Type | Year Built | December 31, 2019 (Successor) | | December 31, 2018 (Predecessor) | |
| | | | | | |
PSV | | | | | | |
Hermit Fighter | PSV | 2012 | 15.5 |
| (2) | 17.0 |
| |
Hermit Prosper | PSV | 2012 | 14.4 |
| (2) | 17.0 |
| |
Hermit Power | PSV | 2013 | 14.3 |
| (2) | 17.2 |
| |
Hermit Thunder | PSV | 2013 | 14.4 |
| (2) | 17.2 |
| |
NAO Guardian | PSV | 2013 | 14.5 |
| (2) | 17.2 |
| |
Hermit Protector | PSV | 2013 | 14.4 |
| (2) | 17.2 |
| |
Hermit Viking | PSV | 2015 | 15.8 |
| (2) | 17.5 |
| |
Hermit Storm | PSV | 2015 | 15.7 |
| (2) | 17.5 |
| |
Hermit Galaxy | PSV | 2016 | 16.4 |
| (2) | 19.4 |
| |
Hermit Horizon | PSV | 2016 | 16.4 |
| (2) | 19.4 |
| |
| | | | | | |
AHTS vessels | | | | | | |
Hermit Brilliance | AHTS | 2009 | 5.6 |
| (1) | N/A |
| (3) |
Hermit Baron | AHTS | 2009 | 5.6 |
| (1) | N/A |
| (3) |
| | | | | | |
Crew boats | | | | | | |
Petrocraft 1605-1 | Crew Boat | 2012 | 1.0 |
| (2) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1605-2 | Crew Boat | 2012 | 1.0 |
| (2) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1605-3 | Crew Boat | 2012 | 1.0 |
| (2) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1605-5 | Crew Boat | 2013 | 1.1 |
| (1) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1605-6 | Crew Boat | 2013 | 1.1 |
| (1) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 2005-1 | Crew Boat | 2015 | 1.9 |
| (1) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 2005-2 | Crew Boat | 2015 | 1.9 |
| (1) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1905-1 | Crew Boat | 2019 | 1.6 |
| (2) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1905-2 | Crew Boat | 2019 | 1.6 |
| (2) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1905-3 | Crew Boat | 2019 | 1.6 |
| (2) | N/A |
| (3) |
Petrocraft 1905-4 | Crew Boat | 2019 | 1.6 |
| (2) | N/A |
| (3) |
| |
(1) | As of December 31, 2019, the basic charter-free market rate value is lower than each vessel's carrying value. We believe that the aggregate carrying value of these vessels exceeds their aggregate basic charter-free market value by approximately $3.0 million. |
| |
(2) | As of December 31, 2019, the basic charter-free market rate value is higher than each vessel's carrying value. We believe that the aggregate carrying value of these vessels is lower than their aggregate basic charter-free market value by approximately $19.3 million. |
| |
(3) | These vessels were acquired during the year ended December 31, 2019. |
As described elsewhere in this report, in the calendar year 2020, the markets in which we operate have experienced a precipitous decline in activity, charter rates, and utilization brought on by the confluence of a crash in oil prices along with the COVID-19 pandemic. Should these market conditions persist for an extended period of time, they are expected to have a material effectconsequential impact on the assumptions underlying our financial condition or results of operations.impairment testing.
Vessels, net
Vessels net: Vessels and equipment are stated at historical costs, less accumulated depreciation whichand impairment. Depreciation is provided by the straight linestraight-line method over theirthe estimated useful life of 25 years. Interestyears for the PSVs and AHTS vessels, and 15 years for the crew boats based on upon the date the vessel is capitalized in connection withdelivered from the construction of vessels. yard.
Certain subsequent expenditures for conversions and major improvements are also capitalized if it is determined that they appreciably extend the life, increase the earnings capacity or improve the efficiency or safety of the vessel. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. The vessels'vessels’ estimated residual values and useful life are reviewed when there has been a change in circumstances that indicate the original estimate may no longer be appropriate. Residual values are estimated at approximately $1.5 million for each vessel in the fleet at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
Drydocking and engine overhaul: The Company'soverhaul
Our PSVs and AHTS vessels are required to be drydocked approximately every 30 - 60 months (depending on vessel age), and to have engines overhauled after 10,000 - 12,000 running hours, or approximately 2.5 years. The Companyhours. We will capitalize a substantial portion of the costs incurred during drydocking and overhaul, and amortize those costs on a straight linestraight-line basis from the completion of a drydocking, intermediate survey or overhaul to the estimated completion of the next drydocking or overhaul. Drydocking costs include a variety of costs incurred while vessels are placed within drydock, including expenses related to the dock preparation and port expenses at the drydock shipyard, general shipyard expenses, expenses related to hull, external surfaces and decks, expenses related to machinery and engines of the vessel, as well as expenses related to the testing and correction of findings related to safety equipment on board. We also capitalize those costs incurred as part of the drydock to meet classification and regulatory requirements. The Company expenses costs related to routine repairs and maintenance performed during drydocking, and for annual class survey costs. The capitalized and unamortized drydocking costs are included in the book value of the vessels. Amortization expense of the drydocking costs is included in depreciation expense.
For an acquired or newly built vessel, a drydock component is estimated and accounted for as a separate component of the vessels acquired an estimate of $200,000 and $365,000 forvessel’s cost. The drydock cost and overhaul costs respectively has been allocated from the purchase price. Drydockingcomponent is depreciated over five years, and engine overhauls are depreciatedon a straight-line basis to the next estimated drydock. The estimated amortization period for a drydock is based on the number of running hours withinestimated period between drydocks. When the reporting period accordingdrydock expenditure is incurred prior to the built-in overhaul method.expiry of the period, the remaining balance is expensed.
A.Operating Results
Reverse Asset Acquisition and Impact on Comparability between Historical Periods
In April 2019, we acquired 13 vessels consisting of two AHTS vessels and 11 crew boats from SOHI, a related party, in exchange for 8,126,219 common shares of the Company. As part of this acquisition, the Company assumed the aggregate outstanding indebtedness of $9.0 million under the DVB Credit Facility relating to the two AHTS vessels. The assets acquired in this transaction are collectively referred to as the "SOHI Assets", and the transactions to acquire the SOHI Assets and the assumption of the related indebtedness, are referred to as the "Transaction".
As a result of the Transaction, SOHI and its affiliated entities, which are part of Scorpio, obtained a controlling voting interest in the Company. Accordingly, under the relevant accounting guidance, Scorpio was identified as the accounting acquirer of the Company, and the Transaction is considered to be a reverse acquisition. Moreover, the Company determined that the Transaction constitutes a reverse acquisition of assets rather than a reverse business combination.
Under the applicable accounting guidance, a reverse asset acquisition results in a change in the basis of accounting on the Transaction date. As a result, the financial information presented following the Transaction is not directly comparable to historical periods.
Since it has been determined that the Transaction constitutes an acquisition of Long-Lived Assets: assets, the historical financial information prior to the date of the Transaction presented herein (and in future reports and filings) will continue to reflect the results and position of the Company prior to the Transaction rather than that of the SOHI Assets as would be required in a business combination. The Company reviewsbelieves that the historical financial information of the Company prior to the Transaction is more relevant to investors than the historical financial information of the SOHI Assets due to the relative carrying value of the Company's ten PSVs compared to the SOHI Assets and that the value and operating results of the PSVs are expected to be the ultimate driver of the Company's business in future periods. The results from the operations and cash flows of the SOHI Assets are included only in the Company's financial information from the Transaction date.
Accordingly, the Company's pre-Transaction financial information is presented for impairment long-lived assets heldthe period January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), and used whenever events orfor each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (Predecessor). The Company’s post-Transaction financial information is presented for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor). The accounting implications of the Transaction are further described in "Note 3, Reverse Asset Acquisition" to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
We present our Statement of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income using charter revenues and charter costs. During the periods January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (Predecessor), our PSVs were employed in the North Sea (the "North Sea" reporting segment) on both spot and term charters. During the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), our AHTS vessels and crew boats were employed off the West Coast of Africa (the "West Coast of Africa" reporting segment) on both spot and term charters.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE PERIODS FROM JANUARY 1, 2019 TO APRIL 8, 2019 (PREDECESSOR), APRIL 9, 2019 TO DECEMBER 31, 2019 (SUCCESSOR), AND THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Successor |
| | Predecessor |
| April 9 - December 31, 2019 |
| | January 1 - April 8, 2019 |
| Year ended December 31, 2018 |
In thousands of U.S. dollars |
| |
|
Charter revenue | 36,555 |
|
| | 5,258 |
|
| 20,654 |
|
Vessel operating expenses | (27,230 | ) |
| | (6,612 | ) |
| (25,173 | ) |
Voyage expenses | (1,124 | ) |
| | (395 | ) |
| (2,215 | ) |
General and administrative expenses | (4,534 | ) |
| | (1,207 | ) |
| (4,757 | ) |
Depreciation | (8,452 | ) |
| | (2,205 | ) |
| (17,298 | ) |
Impairment loss on vessels | — |
|
| | — |
|
| (160,080 | ) |
Interest income | 39 |
|
| | 21 |
|
| 207 |
|
Interest expense | (6,571 | ) |
| | (2,555 | ) |
| (8,031 | ) |
Other financial expense, net | (136 | ) |
| | 32 |
|
| (601 | ) |
Income taxes | — |
|
| | — |
|
| — |
|
Net loss | (11,453 | ) |
| | (7,663 | ) |
| (197,294 | ) |
Net loss. Net loss was $7.7 million for the period January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $11.5 million for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and $197.3 million in for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). The changes in circumstances indicatethese periods are discussed below.
Charter revenue. Charter revenues were $5.3 million for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $36.6 million for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and were $20.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor).
The following is a summary of our consolidated revenue by vessel type, in addition to the average day rates and effective day rates.
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Successor |
| | Predecessor |
| April 9 - December 31, 2019 |
| | January 1 - April 8, 2019 |
| Year ended December 31, 2018 |
In thousands of U.S. dollars |
| |
|
PSVs (North Sea) | 29,911 |
|
| | 5,258 |
|
| 20,654 |
|
AHTS vessels (West Coast of Africa) | 3,729 |
|
| | — |
|
| — |
|
Crew boats (West Coast of Africa) | 2,915 |
|
| | — |
|
| — |
|
Total charter revenue | 36,555 |
|
| | 5,258 |
|
| 20,654 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Successor |
| | Predecessor |
| April 9 - December 31, 2019 |
| | January 1 - April 8, 2019 |
| Year ended December 31, 2018 |
North Sea | | | | | | |
PSVs |
|
| |
|
|
|
Average dayrates per on-hire day | $ | 11,636 |
|
| | $ | 9,496 |
|
| $ | 10,239 |
|
Utilization rate % | 90.7 | % |
| | 73.0 | % |
| 58.6 | % |
Effective dayrates | $ | 10,549 |
|
| | $ | 6,936 |
|
| $ | 6,001 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Available days | 2,645 |
|
| | 701 |
|
| 3,073 |
|
On-hire days | 2,398 |
|
| | 512 |
|
| 1,801 |
|
Lay-up days | 25 |
|
| | 279 |
|
| 577 |
|
| | | | | | |
West Coast of Africa | | | | | | |
AHTS vessels |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Average dayrates per on-hire day | $ | 8,647 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Utilization rate % | 73.7 | % |
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Effective dayrates | $ | 6,371 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
| | | | | | |
Available days | 532 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
On-hire days | 392 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Lay-up days | — |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Crew boats |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Average dayrates per on-hire day | $ | 2,492 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Utilization rate % | 39.2 | % |
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Effective dayrates | $ | 977 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
| | | | | | |
Available days | 2,948 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
On-hire days | 1,155 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Lay-up days | — |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
PSV revenue - PSV revenues were $5.3 million for the period January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $29.9 million for the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and $20.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor).
The increase in PSV revenue was primarily driven by overall improvements in the North Sea market during 2019. The North Sea market is split between the Norwegian sector and the UK sector and our vessels operate in both sectors. During 2019, the number of working oil rigs increased in both sectors, driving higher dayrates and utilization across our entire PSV fleet.
Additionally, four of our PSVs were laid-up for a total of 577 days during the year ended December 31, 2018, whereas three PSVs were laid up for a total of (i) 279 days for the period January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and (ii) 25 days for the period April 8, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor).
AHTS vessel revenue - AHTS vessel revenues were $3.7 million for the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor). There were no revenues for the Predecessor periods as our two AHTS vessels were acquired as part of the Transaction. Both vessels were drydocked in accordance with their scheduled, class required special surveys in 2019. While not presented, AHTS vessel dayrates were largely consistent with 2018.
Crew boat revenue - Crew boat revenues were $2.9 million for the period of April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor). There were no revenues for the Predecessor periods as the crew boats were acquired as part of the Transaction. Nevertheless, crew boat dayrates were largely consistent with 2018. Moreover, the Company's four 1905 series crew boats were delivered from the shipyard in January 2019 and immediately commenced long term charters at approximately $2,400 per vessel per day.
Vessel operating expenses. Vessel operating expenses were $6.6 million for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $27.2 million for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and were $25.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). The following is a summary of our consolidated vessel operating expenses per vessel type, in addition to vessel operating expenses per day and the number of operating days:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Successor |
| | Predecessor |
In thousands of U.S. dollars | April 9 to December 31, 2019 |
| | January 1 to April 8, 2019 |
| Year ended December 31, 2018 |
Vessel operating expenses |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
PSVs (North Sea) | $ | 20,104 |
|
| | $ | 6,612 |
|
| $ | 25,173 |
|
AHTS vessels (West Coast of Africa) | 3,209 |
|
| | — |
|
| — |
|
Crew boats (West Coast of Africa) | 3,917 |
|
| | — |
|
| — |
|
Total vessel operating expenses | 27,230 |
|
| | 6,612 |
|
| 25,173 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses per day |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
PSVs (North Sea) | $ | 7,530 |
|
| | $ | 6,747 |
|
| $ | 6,897 |
|
AHTS vessels (West Coast of Africa) | 6,032 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Crew boats (West Coast of Africa) | 1,329 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating days |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
PSVs (North Sea) | 2,670 |
|
| | 980 |
|
| 3,650 |
|
AHTS vessels (West Coast of Africa) | 532 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
Crew boats (West Coast of Africa) | 2,948 |
|
| | N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
PSV vessel operating expenses - PSV vessel operating expenses were $6.6 million for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $20.1 million for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019
(Successor) and were $25.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). The increase in vessel operating expenses and vessel operating expenses per day during 2019 is primarily the result of a reduction in the number of days that our vessels were in lay-up during 2019 compared with 2018. Vessel operating expenses are significantly reduced while a vessel is in lay-up. Our PSVs were in layup for 577 days during 2018 and 304 days during 2019 (with 279 days in the Predecessor period from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 and 25 days for the Successor period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019).
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $1.2 million for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $4.5 million for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and were $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). This increase is primarily due to (i) the various strategic initiatives that the carrying amountCompany executed during 2019 which resulted in an increase in legal and professional fees , (ii) the transition of various back-office functions resulting from the change in the management of the assets may not be recoverable. In this respect,Company, and (iii) the Transaction, which increased the size of the Company's fleet by 13 additional vessels.
Depreciation. Depreciation was $2.2 million for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $8.5 million for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and $17.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). As of December 31, 2018, the Company reviews its assetsrecorded an impairment loss on the ten PSVs of $160.1 million, which reduced the depreciable basis of the vessels, therefore decreasing the depreciation expense in the periods from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 and April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Additionally, as part of the Transaction, the carrying value of the ten PSVs was reduced by $20.7 million as a result of the reverse acquisition accounting treatment (as described in "Note 3, Reverse Asset Acquisition" to our consolidated financial statements included herein). Both of these events resulted in a reduction in depreciation expense for impairmentthe ten PSVs in the Successor period when compared with the Predecessor period. This decrease was offset by an increase in depreciation expense resulting from the acquisition of the AHTS vessels and crew boats as part of the Transaction.
Impairment loss on an asset by asset basis. Whenvessels. As of December 31, 2018, we determined that the estimate of undiscounted future cash flows excluding interest charges, expected to be generated by each vessel over their remaining useful lives would not be sufficient to recover their respective carrying values. Accordingly, we determined that our vessels were impaired and an impairment charge of $160.1 million was recorded for the useyear ended December 31, 2018. This impairment charge was measured based upon the amount by which the carrying values of our vessels exceeded their fair values. An impairment charge was not recorded in 2019.
Interest expense. Interest expense was $2.6 million for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and $6.6 million for the period from April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. As part of the asset is less than its carrying amount,Transaction, we assumed the aggregate outstanding indebtedness of $9.0 million under the DVB Credit Facility (described below) relating to the AHTS vessels. The increase in interest expense was driven by the additional interest expense related to this new facility, which was partially offset by decreases in LIBOR rates throughout 2018 and into 2019.
Please see "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" for further information.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
For a discussion of our results for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, please see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - A. Operating Results - Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017” contained in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2019.
B.Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of funds for our short-term and long-term liquidity needs have historically been the raising of new equity in combination with loan financing, as discussed in further detail below. As of December 31, 2019 (Successor) and December 31, 2018 (Predecessor) we had cash and cash equivalents of $12.7 million and $8.4 million, respectively.
Equity Issuances and Equity Lines of Credit
In December 2018, we issued an aggregate of 1,175,474 common shares in a private placement with SOI, a related party, at $4.20 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us of $4.9 million.
In April 2019, we acquired 13 vessels (the SOHI Assets) from SOHI, a related party, in exchange for 8,126,219 common shares of the Company at approximately $2.78 per share for an aggregate consideration of $22.6 million. As part of this acquisition, we assumed the aggregate outstanding indebtedness of $9.0 million relating to two of the acquired vessels.
In March 2019, we entered into an Initial Equity Line of Credit with SOI, a related party, and Mackenzie. The Initial Equity Line of Credit provided for $20 million to be available on demand to the Company in exchange for common shares of the Company priced at 0.94 multiplied by the then-prevailing 30-day trailing volume weighted average price. The issuances of common shares under the Initial Equity Line of Credit during the year ended December 31, 2019 were as follows:
In April 2019, 3,240,418 common shares were issued under the Initial Equity Line of Credit (split equally between SOI and Mackenzie) for approximately $2.78 per share and net proceeds of $9.0 million.
In June 2019, 1,421,472 common shares were issued under the Initial Equity Line of Credit (split equally between SOI and Mackenzie) for approximately $3.52 per share and net proceeds of $5.0 million.
In October 2019, 2,356,108 common shares were issued under the Initial Equity Line of Credit (split equally between SSH, a related party (as SOI’s nominee), and Mackenzie) for $1.06 per share for aggregate net proceeds of $2.5 million.
In December 2019, 3,143,709 common shares were issued under the Initial Equity Line of Credit for aggregate net proceeds of $3.5 million. 1,492,508 common shares were issued to Mackenzie and 1,651,201 common shares were issued to SSH, a related party (as SOI’s nominee), each for $1.11 per share.
Following the December 2019 issuance, the Initial Equity Line of Credit was fully drawn, and there is no further capacity thereunder.
In January 2020, the Company executed the New Equity Line of Credit with SSH, a related party, which provides for $15 million to be available on demand to the Company in exchange for its common shares priced at 0.94 multiplied by the then-prevailing five-day trailing volume weighted average price. Under the terms of the New Equity Line of Credit, the Company is precluded from issuing shares under the New Equity Line of Credit if the price of the Company’s common stock (calculated on a volume weighted average basis over the preceding five days) is below $0.60 per share.
In March 2020, we issued 5,668,317 common shares to SSH for $0.88 per share under the New Equity Line of Credit for aggregate net proceeds of $5.0 million.
Our Borrowing Activities
Initial Credit Facility
On December 19, 2013, we entered into the Initial Credit Facility with DNB Bank ASA and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ). In March 2015, we expanded the availability under our Initial Credit Facility from $60.0 million to $150.0 million to partially finance the purchase of certain of the PSVs in our fleet.
As of December 31, 2016, as a result of a significant deterioration in market conditions, we were in breach of three of the financial covenants under this facility, (i) the minimum value adjusted amount of equity, (ii) the minimum value adjusted equity ratio clause and (iii) a minimum level of liquidity. In 2017 a waiver was obtained from the lenders lowering (i) the minimum value of equity and (ii) the minimum value adjusted equity ratio covenant requirements to levels at which the Company was in compliance, and suspending (iii) the minimum level of liquidity covenant. These waivers were effective until April 30, 2018. On April 30, 2018 we executed an amendment to the Initial Credit Facility that extended the waiver period until December 31, 2019. Under the terms of the waiver, we were unable to draw further on the Initial Credit Facility until we complied with the original terms and conditions set forth thereunder, and the interest rate increased from LIBOR plus a margin of 2.0% to LIBOR plus a margin of 4.0%.
In September 2018, we made an unscheduled payment of $1.575 million on our Initial Credit Facility to regain compliance with the security coverage ratio (requiring that the aggregate fair market value of the vessels securing the
loan does not fall below 150% of the outstanding loan) set forth thereunder. At the end of September 2018, vessel values were remeasured and, given a further deterioration in such values, we were again in non-compliance of the security coverage ratio at September 30, 2018.
In December 2018, we executed the Private Placement with SOI whereby SOI invested $5 million in a private placement of the Company’s shares at a price of $4.20 per share. Effective upon closing of the Private Placement, $1.9 million of the proceeds were immediately used to repay a portion of the Initial Credit Facility and regain compliance with the security coverage ratio. Additional temporary waivers were granted under the Initial Credit Facility as a result of the Private Placement and corresponding debt repayment. As of December 31, 2018, we were in compliance with the modified terms under the Initial Credit Facility and the loan was not considered callable.
In April 2019, the lenders under the Initial Credit Facility agreed to extend the waivers of certain financial covenants with which the Company was not in compliance until January 31, 2020 as part of a broader set of agreements to recapitalize the Company. This agreement included a commitment by the lenders under the Initial Credit Facility, for a new $132.9 million term loan facility with maturity of December 6, 2023 to refinance the Initial Credit Facility, subject to certain conditions precedent, the most significant of which was the requirement to raise an additional $15 million of equity before January 31, 2020. In December 2019, we reached an agreement with the lenders under the Initial Credit Facility to satisfy these conditions precedent with the New Equity Line of Credit with SSH, and thus we refinanced the Initial Credit Facility in full with the New Term Loan Facility in January 2020, as further described below.
$132.9 million was outstanding under our Initial Credit Facility at each of December 31, 2019 (Successor) and December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). We were in compliance with the covenants set forth under the waivers of the Initial Credit Facility at December 31, 2019. Additionally, the amount outstanding at December 31, 2019 was classified as non-current on consolidated balance sheet on the basis of the agreement and subsequent execution of the new term loan facility as described below.
New Term Loan Facility
As described above, in December 2019, we reached an agreement with the lenders under the Initial Credit Facility, whereby it was agreed that the New Equity Line of Credit satisfied the condition precedent required to refinance the Initial Credit Facility with the New Term Loan Facility. In January 2020, we completed the refinancing of the Initial Credit Facility with the New Term Loan Facility. The New Term Loan facility is collateralized by our ten PSVs and 11 crew boats, bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin 3.50% through December 2021, LIBOR plus a margin of 4.50% from December 2021 through December 2022 and LIBOR plus a margin of 5.5% from December 2022 through the maturity date of December 2023 (the margin in all periods can be reduced if the Company meets certain Net Debt to EBITDA thresholds). The New Term Loan Facility is repayable in equal, semi-annual installments of $7.5 million beginning in December 2021 with a balloon payment due upon the maturity date of December 6, 2023.
The New Term Loan Facility is secured by:
a first priority mortgage over the relevant collateralized vessels under the specific facility;
a first priority assignment of earnings, insurances and charters from the mortgaged vessels for the specific facility;
a pledge of earnings generated by the mortgaged vessels for the specific facility; and
a pledge of the equity interests of each vessel owning subsidiary under the specific facility.
The New Term Loan Facility contains financial and restrictive covenants, as summarized below:
Cash and cash equivalents shall at all times be equal to or greater than $500,000 per vessel above 2,500 DWT. The Company’s two AHTS vessels and 11 crew boats are excluded from this definition. Accordingly, the minimum liquidity under the New Term Loan Facility is $5 million based on our fleet as of December 31, 2019.
The ratio of net debt (defined as total debt less cash) to total capitalization (defined below) shall be no greater than 0.70 to 1.00 from the date that the New Term Loan Facility is executed through December 31, 2020 and 0.65 to 1.00 thereafter through the maturity date of December 6, 2023. Undrawn amounts available under the
New Equity Line of Credit are included as part of the definition of total capitalization (defined as net debt plus equity plus amounts available under the New Equity Line of Credit).
Current assets shall at all times exceed current liabilities less the current portion of the long term liabilities;
The aggregate fair market value of the vessels collateralized under the New Term Loan Facility shall at all times be at least 115% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount until December 7, 2021, 125% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount until December 7, 2022, and 130% at all times thereafter.
We are restricted from paying dividends for 24 months following the date of the execution of the New Term Loan Facility.
The New Term Loan Facility also contains customary events of default, including cross default provisions and a subjective acceleration clause under which the debt could become due and payable in the event of a material adverse change in the Company’s business.
DVB Credit Facility and Supplemental Agreement
As part of the Transaction, we assumed the aggregate outstanding indebtedness of $9.0 million under the DVB Credit Facility relating to the AHTS vessels. The DVB Credit Facility was supplemented on April 10, 2019 as part of the Transaction.
The borrowers under the DVB Credit Facility are the respective vessel owning entities of the AHTS vessels. The DVB Credit Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 2.75% and contains a financial covenant whereby the Company must maintain minimum liquidity of an aggregate of $0.75 million in the bank accounts that are pledged as security under the facility (as described in "Note 4 - Cash and Cash Equivalents" to our consolidated financial statements included herein).
For the first 36 months after the initial drawdown date (through September 2020), the terms of the DVB Credit Facility require that we fund any Excess Earnings (defined as each vessel's earnings less budgeted operating expenses, interest payments and the maintenance of the minimum liquidity requirement) related to such vessels, up to $3.6 million in aggregate, to a drydock reserve account, the proceeds of which are to be utilized for the vessel’s next scheduled drydock. Any Excess Earnings related to each vessel, after funding the minimum liquidity requirement and drydock reserve account, shall be utilized to repay the credit facility. Starting 39 months after the initial drawdown date, the DVB Credit Facility shall be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments of $0.2 million in aggregate with a balloon payment due upon the maturity date of September 2022.
This facility contains financial and restrictive covenants, which require the borrowers to, among other things, comply with certain financial tests (as described above). This facility is secured by, among other things:
a first preferred mortgage over the two AHTS vessels which are collateralized under this facility;
an assignment of earnings, insurances and charters from the two mortgaged AHTS vessels;
a pledge of the related earnings accounts and drydock reserve accounts of the borrowers in respect of the two mortgaged AHTS vessels; and
a pledge of the equity interests in each of the borrowers.
The DVB Credit Facility also contains customary events of default, including a subjective acceleration clause under which the debt could become due and payable in the event of a material adverse change in the Company’s business.
The outstanding balance under this credit facility was $9.0 million as of December 31, 2019, and we were in compliance with the financial covenants as of that date.
Liquidity Outlook
Cash on hand was $12.7 million as of December 31, 2019 (Successor), compared to $8.4 million as of December 31, 2018 (Predecessor).
Under ASC paragraph 205-40 (the "Standard"), management must evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. This evaluation initially does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the
date the financial statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists under this methodology, management evaluates whether the assetmitigating effect of its plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of management’s plans, however, is only considered if both(1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued, and(2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Generally, to be considered probable of being effectively implemented, the plans must have been approved before the date that the financial statements are issued.
The Company regularly performs cash flow projections to evaluate (i) whether it will be in a position to cover the liquidity needs for impairment loss.the next 12-month period and (ii) the compliance with financial and security ratios under the existing and future financing agreements. In developing estimates of future undiscounted cash flows, the Company makes assumptions and estimates about the vessels'vessels’ future performance, with the significant assumptions being related to chartermarket rates, operating expenses, capital expenditure, fleet utilization, operating costs, capital expenditures, residual valuegeneral and the estimated remaining useful life of each vessel.administrative expenses, loan repayments and interest charges. The assumptions used to develop estimates of future undiscounted cash flowsapplied are based on historical trends as well asexperience and future expectations. Nevertheless, volatility in the offshore market makes forecasting difficult, and there is the possibility that the Company’s actual trading performance during the coming year may be materially different from expectations.
Economic conditions in the offshore market during 2019 reflected a gradual improvement from the lows of previous years and were showing signs that the industry was in the early stages of a broader recovery. The estimated discountedCompany’s operating results during 2019 (in both the Predecessor and Successor periods) reflected this improvement, as losses from operations narrowed when compared to prior periods. Additionally, as highlighted elsewhere in these financial statements, the Company executed a series of transactions during 2019 and 2020, such as the Transaction, the New Term Loan Facility and the New Equity Line of Credit in an effort to recapitalize the Company and create a platform for future growth.
Nevertheless, since the beginning of calendar year 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in the implementation of numerous actions by governments and governmental agencies in an attempt to mitigate the spread of the virus. These measures have resulted in a significant reduction in global economic activity and extreme volatility in the global financial markets which has reduced the global demand for oil and related products. Additionally, in March 2020, output disagreements between OPEC producing nations (led by Saudi Arabia) and Russia triggered a price war sending the price of crude oil to lows not seen in decades. The confluence of these events has resulted in a precipitous pull back of production and capital expenditure outlays from major oil producers throughout the world. Consequently, the markets in which our vessels operate have come under significant pressure in the form of reduced spot market rates and utilization, higher lay-up activity, and contract cancellations and renegotiations.
These conditions have caused management to revisit its cash flows are determined by considering an estimated daily charter rateflow projections for the remaining operating days. next 12-month period under revised assumptions. Under these revised assumptions, the Company projects that it might breach certain financial covenants under its credit facilities within 12 months from the date of the financial statements included herein. Additionally, under the terms of the New Equity Line of Credit, the Company is precluded from issuing shares under the New Equity Line of Credit if the price of the Company’s common stock (calculated on a volume weighted average basis over the preceding five days) is below $0.60 per share. In March and April 2020, the price of the Company’s common stock fell below this threshold on certain occasions and for sustained periods of time. Additionally, as described in Item 3. Key Information D. Risk Factors, we have received two deficiency notifications from the NYSE that could result in suspension or delisting of our common shares. We have until November 2020, and August 2021, subject to certain conditions, to cure each of these deficiencies. If our stock is delisted, then the Company is precluded from issuing shares under the New Equity Line of Credit. If additional liquidity under the New Equity Line of Credit is unavailable, the Company might breach covenants under its credit facilities, or face liquidity constraints, sooner than would otherwise occur under the revised projections.
The Company estimateshas commenced discussions with its lenders in an effort to find possible solutions and is also considering other strategic alternatives to meet the daily charter rateCompany’s obligations, such as the sale of some or all of the vessels in the Company’s fleet. The Company has also engaged an advisor to provide consultation throughout this process. There can be no assurance that these or other measures will be successful.
As these discussions are currently in a preliminary phase, there are no remedies that can be considered as probable for purposes of the Standard. Accordingly, substantial doubt is deemed to exist about the Company’s ability
to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.
Cash Flow
The table below summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the remainingperiods presented:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Successor |
|
| Predecessor |
In thousands of U.S. dollars | April 9 - December 31, 2019 |
|
| January 1 - April 8, 2019 |
| Year ended December 31, 2018 |
| Year ended December 31, 2017 |
Cash flow data | | | | | | | | |
Net cash inflow/(outflow) | | | | | | | | |
Operating activities | (10,298 | ) |
|
| (6,789 | ) |
| (21,807 | ) |
| (14,032 | ) |
Investing activities | 1,657 |
|
|
| — |
|
| (45 | ) |
| (830 | ) |
Financing activities | 20,000 |
|
|
| — |
|
| (1,010 | ) |
| 43,403 |
|
For the periods January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor).
Cash outflows from operating days based onactivities were $6.8 million for the historical averageperiod January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), $10.3 million for similar vesselsthe period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), and utilizing available market data$21.8 million for current charter rates over the remaining estimated lifeyear ended December 31, 2018.
For the period January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), the cash outflows from operating activities consisted mainly of the vessel, assumed to be 25 years from the deliverya net loss of the vessel from the shipyard, net of brokerage commissions, expected outflows for vessels' maintenance and vessel operating costs (including planned$7.7 million along with drydocking and engine overhaul expenditures)costs of $0.8 million, offset by $2.2 million of non-cash depreciation expense.
For the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), the cash outflows from operating activities consisted mainly of:
net losses of $11.4 million for the period, as a result of operations of the PSVs, AHTS vessels, and crew boats; and
engine overhaul and drydock payments of $5.4 million, which consisted of $3.6 million for the drydocking of the two AHTS vessels and the remaining $1.8 million for the drydock and engine overhauls of four of the PSVs.
This activity was partially offset by non-cash depreciation expense of $8.5 million, which includes depreciation expense for the AHTS vessels and crew boats, as well as depreciation expense on the PSVs subsequent to the reduction of the net book values of the PSVs as a result of the purchase price allocation resulting from the Transaction.
For the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor), the cash flows from operating activities were mainly driven by a net loss that was impacted by several vessels being laid-up throughout the year, offset by non-cash depreciation expenses of $17.3 million and a net increase in current assets and liabilities of $1.2 million.
Cash inflows from investing activities was zero for the period January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), $1.7 million for the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), and $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Cash inflows from investing activities of $1.2 million for the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) was driven by cash acquired from the Predecessor as part of the Transaction in April 2019.
Cash flows from financing activities were zero for the period January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor), an inflow of $20.0 million for the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), and a net outflow of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). IfThe cash inflows for the Company's estimateperiod April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) reflect the drawdowns under the Initial Equity Line of undiscounted futureCredit, which are discussed in further detail above. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we raised $5.0 million of net proceeds from the Private Placement, which was offset by principal repayments on our Initial Credit Facility of $4.1 million, in addition to the payment of approximately $1.9 million of cash dividends.
For the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017
For a discussion of our cash flows for any vessel is lower than the vessel's carrying value, the carrying value is written down, by recording a charge to operations,year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the vessel's fairyear ended December 31, 2017, please see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - B. Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow” contained in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2019.
C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
Not applicable.
D.Trend Information
The OSV industry is cyclical and changes in oil price and exploration activity are causing volatility in the charter hire rates. The market value, less costis subject to sell. Fair market value is basedseasonality with lower activity in the winter months. See "Item 4. Information on broker values from two separate reputable brokersthe Company—B. Business Overview—The International Offshore Market."
E.Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019, consist of our obligations as a borrower under our Initial Credit Facility and the vessel values will reflect the earnings potential of a vessel of that age, type and condition.
DVB Credit Facility.
The Total Fleet – Comparisonfollowing table sets out financial, commercial and other obligations outstanding as of Carrying Value versus Market ValueDecember 31, 2019 (all figures in thousands of USD).
During the past two years the market value of vessels as provided by offshore shipbrokers has declined, and we have impairment indicators. We have performed cash flow analysis with undiscounted values to assess the recoverability of the carrying value of our vessels. Our analysis did not result in any vessels having carrying values exceeding undiscounted cash flows. The analysis is based on the assumption that we will keep for their remaining economic useful life, considered to be 25 years from time of construction. Below is the basis of our analysis of undiscounted cash flows and a comparison of our carrying values to the current values of our vessels as assessed by brokers. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands of U.S. dollars | Total |
| Less than 1 year |
| 1-3 years |
| 3-5 years |
| More than 5 years |
Initial Credit Facility (1) | $ | 132,905 |
|
| — |
|
| $ | 22,500 |
|
| 110,405 |
|
| — |
|
DVB Credit Facility (2) | 9,000 |
|
| 207 |
|
| 8,793 |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Interest Payments (3) | 27,915 |
|
| 5,783 |
|
| 14,492 |
|
| 7,640 |
|
| — |
|
Technical management fees (4) | 2,211 |
|
| 1,417 |
|
| 794 |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Commercial management fees (5) | 101 |
|
| 98 |
|
| 3 |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Total | $ | 172,132 |
|
| $ | 7,505 |
|
| $ | 46,582 |
|
| $ | 118,045 |
|
| — |
|
The table set forth below indicates (1) the rates used when testing for impairment (2) the break-even rate, (3) the actual rates and (4) the market rates. The rates presented are the effective rates, which are registered rates multiplied by registered utilization to account for idle time between contracts.
| | Rates used (1) | | | Break-even (2) | | | Actual rates (3) | | | Market rates (4) | |
$ per day | | First year | | | Second year | | | Thereafter | | | | | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | | 2016-2012 | | | | 2016-2007 | |
Rates | | $ | 8,632 | | | $ | 8,632 | | | $ | 21,007 | | | $ | 18,216 | | | $ | 7,998 | | | $ | 9,214 | | | $ | 15,306 | | | $ | 20,993 | |
Utilization | | | 76 | % | | | 76 | % | | | 90 | % | | NA | | | | 67 | % | | | 78 | % | | | 83 | % | | | 88 | % |
1. | We use a weighted average of |
(1) | Refers to obligations to repay indebtedness outstanding under the market for the last three years for the North Sea provided by a third party for the first and second year, and an average market for the last 15 years for the North Sea for the years thereafter. For our operational period we compare the market rate to our achieved spot rate and use the lower of the two as input in the average. |
2. | The lowest rate used for the remaining estimated life of the vessel that would result in the undiscounted cash flows not recovering the book value for one vessel in our fleet and is calculated by reducing the historical market rates in (1). |
3. | Actuals achieved in the spot market by NAOInitial Credit Facility as of December 31, 20162019. The conditions precedent to refinance the Initial Credit Facility with the New Term Loan Facility were met as of December 31, 2019. Accordingly, the repayment obligations set forth reflect the terms and 2015. Achieved rates inconditions under the term market are not included.New Term Loan Facility as of that date. |
4. | Actuals |
(2) | Refers to obligations to repay indebtedness outstanding under the DVB Credit Facility as of December 31, 2019. |
| |
(3) | Refers to estimated interest payments over the terms of the aggregate indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2019. |
| |
(4) | Our technical manager for the North Sea as provided byAHTS vessels and crew boats, SSM, a thirdrelated party, charges fees for its services pursuant to a Master Agreement. Pursuant to this Master Agreement, the latest fivefixed annual technical management fee is $156,000 per AHTS vessel and ten year periods.$43,800 per crew boat. Under the terms of the Master Agreement, the termination fees are subject to a notice period of 24 months. |
The table set forth below indicatesOur technical managers for the carrying valuePSVs, Remøy, and V.Ships, charge fees for their services pursuant to the relevant Standard Ship Management Agreements. Pursuant to the agreement with Remøy, the fixed annual technical management fee is 2,000,000 NOK per PSV. Pursuant to the agreement with V.Ships, the fixed annual technical management fee is $300,000 per PSV. Under the terms of eachboth agreements, the termination fees are subject to a notice period of our vessels asthree months.
| |
(5) | We pay our commercial manager, SCM, a related party, a management fee equal to 1.25% of gross revenues per charter fixture, pursuant to the Master Agreement. Under the terms of the Master Agreement, the termination fees are subject to a notice period of 24 months. |
As of December 31, 2016, which of those vessels we believe has a carrying value that exceeds the market value, based on shipbroker reports and the aggregate of difference between carrying values and market values.
Vessel | Yard | Year built | Delivered to NAO | | Carrying value ($ millions) | |
NAO Fighter* | Ulstein | 2012 | January 2014 | | | 38.6 | |
NAO Prosper* | Ulstein | 2012 | January 2014 | | | 38.7 | |
NAO Power* | Ulstein | 2013 | January 2014 | | | 39.2 | |
NAO Thunder* | Ulstein | 2013 | December 2013 | | | 38.6 | |
NAO Guardian* | Ulstein | 2013 | December 2013 | | | 38.8 | |
NAO Protector* | Ulstein | 2013 | December 2013 | | | 38.5 | |
NAO Storm* | Ulstein | 2015 | January 2015 | | | 33.2 | |
NAO Viking* | Ulstein | 2015 | January 2015 | | | 33.6 | |
NAO Horizon* | VARD | 2016 | April 2016 | | | 34.5 | |
NAO Galaxy* | VARD | 2016 | June 2016 | | | 33.2 | |
* Indicates vessels where we believe the carrying value exceed the market value, based on estimates by shipbrokers, as of December 31, 2016. We believe the aggregate carrying value of these vessels exceed their market value, based on shipbrokers, by approximately $121.1 million.
If, in performing our impairment analysis as of December 31, 2016,2019, we had used$12.7 million in cash on hand.
G.Safe Harbor
See "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements" at the 10-year historical average PSV rates and utilization asbeginning of December 31, 2016, our undiscounted cash flows would have exceeded the vessels' carrying values. If we had used the 5-year historical average PSV rates and utilization as of December 31, 2016, all of our vessels would have had carrying values exceeding undiscounted cash flows, and we would have recognized an impairment charge of $121.1 million if all vessels were written down to market values based on estimates by ship brokers. The Company may not be able to realize these estimated market values if it was to sell the vessels in the second-hand market, which would ultimately result in a higher impairment charge than the indicated difference between carrying values and market values.this annual report.
We believe that the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be earned by our vessels over their operating lives exceeded the vessels' carrying amounts at December 31, 2016. Our impairment analysis as of December 31, 2016, based on 3-year and 15-year historical average PSV rates and utilization as of December 31, 2016, indicates that our estimated undiscounted cash flows are 50 % higher than carrying values.
ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A.Directors and Senior Management
Directors and Senior Management of the Company and the Manager
Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of our directors and executive officers.officers as of the date of this annual report. Our Board of Directors currently consists of fiveseven directors and is elected annually on a staggered basis. Each director elected holds office for a three-year term or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, except in the event of his or her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his or her term of office. The term of our Class A directordirectors will expire at our 20172020 annual meeting of shareholders. The term of our Class B directors will expire at the 20182021 annual meeting of shareholders. The term of our Class C directors will expire at the 20192022 annual meeting of shareholders.
Officers are appointed from time to time by our Board of Directors and hold office until a successor is appointed. The business address of each of our directors and executive officers listed below is Nordic AmericanHermitage Offshore Services Ltd., LOM Building, 27 Reid Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda.
|
| | |
Name | Age | Position |
Herbjørn HanssonEmanuele Lauro | 6941 | Chairman, Class A Director, Chief Executive Chairman and Officer |
Robert Bugbee | 59 | Class C Director and President |
Marianne LieØkland | 56 | Executive Vice Chairman and Class C Director |
Paul J. Hopkins | 7057 | Class B Director and Audit Committee MemberChair |
James KellyMarianne Lie | 6458 | Class C Director, Lead Independent Director and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chair |
Paul J. Hopkins | 72 | Class B Director and Compensation Committee Chair |
David M. WorkmanBjarte Boe | 5762 | Class A Director |
Tor-Øyvind BjørkliCameron Mackey | 4651 | ManagingClass B Director and Chief Operating Officer |
Turid M. SørensenFilippo Lauro | 5643 | Vice President |
Christopher Avella | 41 | Chief Financial Officer |
Fan Yang | 32 | Secretary |
David M. Workman resigned from the Board of Directors with effect from November 13, 2019. The Board of Directors has not yet filled the casual vacancy created by Mr. Workman's resignation.
Biographical information concerning the directors and executive officers listed above is set forth below.
Emanuele A. Lauro, Chairman, Class A Director and Chief Executive Officer
Herbjørn Hansson, ExecutiveMr. Emanuele A. Lauro has served as the Company's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since December 2018. He has also served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Scorpio Tankers Inc. (NYSE: STNG), since its initial public offering in 2010, and of Scorpio Bulkers Inc. (NYSE: SALT), since its formation in 2013. He served as director of the Standard Club from May 2013 to January 2019. Mr. Emanuele Lauro joined Scorpio in 2003 and has continued to serve there in a senior management position since 2004. Under his leadership, Scorpio has grown from an owner of three vessels in 2003 to become a leading operator and manager of more than 250 vessels in 2019. Over the course of the last several years, Mr. Emanuele Lauro has founded and developed all of the Scorpio Pools in addition to several other ventures such as Scorpio Logistics, which owns and operates specialized assets engaged in the transshipment of dry cargo commodities and invests in coastal transportation and port infrastructure developments in Asia and Africa since 2007. He has a degree in international business from the European Business School, London. Mr. Emanuele Lauro is the brother of our Vice President, Mr. Filippo Lauro.
Robert Bugbee, Class C Director and President
Herbjørn Hansson (MBA)Mr. Robert Bugbee has graduatedserved as a Director and President of the Company since December 2018. He has also served as a Director and President of Scorpio Tankers Inc. since its initial public offering in April 2010, and as President and Director of Scorpio Bulkers Inc. since July and April 2013, respectively. He has more than 35 years of experience in the shipping industry. He joined Scorpio in March 2009 and has continued to serve there in a senior management position. Prior to joining Scorpio, Mr. Bugbee was a partner at Ospraie Management LLP between 2007 and 2008, a company which advises and invests in commodities and basic industry. From 1995 to 2007, Mr. Bugbee was employed at OMI Corporation, or OMI, a NYSE-listed tanker company which was sold in 2007. While at OMI, Mr. Bugbee served as President from January 2002 until the sale of the company, and before that served as Executive Vice President since January 2001, Chief Operating Officer since March 2000, and Senior Vice President from August 1995 to June 1998. Mr. Bugbee joined OMI in February 1995. Prior to this, he was employed by Gotaas-Larsen Shipping Corporation since 1984. During this time, he took a two-year sabbatical beginning 1987 for the M.I.B. Program at the Norwegian School for Economics and Business Administration in Bergen. He has a B.A. (Honors) from London University.
Cameron Mackey, Class B Director and Chief Operating Officer
Mr. Cameron Mackey has served as the Company's Chief Operating Officer since December 2018 and as a Director since July 2019. He has also served as Chief Operating Officer of Scorpio Tankers Inc. since 2010, and as a
Director since May 2013. Mr. Mackey has also served as Chief Operating Officer of Scorpio Bulkers Inc. since July 2013. He joined Scorpio in March 2009, where he continues to serve in a senior management position. Prior to joining Scorpio, he was an equity and commodity analyst at Ospraie Management LLC from 2007 to 2008. Prior to that, he was Senior Vice President of OMI Marine Services LLC from 2004 to 2007, where he was also in Business Development from 2002 to 2004. He has been employed in the shipping industry since 1994 and, earlier in his career, was employed in unlicensed and licensed positions in the merchant navy, primarily on tankers in the international fleet of Mobil Oil Corporation, where he held the qualification of Master Mariner. He has an M.B.A. from the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a B.S. from the Massachusetts Maritime Academy and a B.A. from Princeton University.
Filippo Lauro, Vice President
Mr. Filippo Lauro has served as the Company's Vice President since December 2018. He has also served as Vice President of Scorpio Tankers Inc. since May 2015 and of Scorpio Bulkers Inc. since June 2016. Mr. Filippo Lauro joined Scorpio in 2010 and has continued to serve there in a senior management position. Prior to joining Scorpio, he was the founder of and held senior executive roles in several private companies, primarily active in real estate, golf courses and resorts development. Mr. Filippo Lauro is the brother of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Emanuele Lauro.
Christopher Avella, Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Avella has served as the Company's Chief Financial Officer since June 2019. He has also served as Controller of Scorpio Tankers Inc. since 2014. Prior to joining Scorpio Tankers Inc. in 2010, he was with Ernst & Young in its audit practice from 2002 through 2006 and its transaction advisory services practice from 2006 through 2010 where he was a senior manager. Mr. Avella is a certified public accountant and has a B.S. in accounting from Rutgers University, an M.B.A. from Seton Hall University and an M.S. in finance from Georgetown University.
Fan Yang, Secretary
Ms. Fan Yang has served as the Company’s Secretary since June 2019. In addition to her position with the Company, Ms. Yang also serves as the secretary of Scorpio Bulkers Inc. and Scorpio Tankers Inc. She is admitted as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of England and Wales. Prior to joining Scorpio, Ms. Yang was in private practice in London at Travers Smith LLP and Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, and led a law reform project at the Law Commission, an independent body that makes recommendations for the reform of the law of England and Wales to Parliament. She has a B.A. in Law from the University of Cambridge.
Marianne Økland, Class B Director
Ms. Økland has served as our Class B Director and Audit Committee Chair since January 2019. In addition, she has served as a non-executive director and member of the Audit Committee of Scorpio Tankers Inc. since April 2013. Between 2010 and 2019, she held various non-executive director positions at IDFC Limited, at IDFC Alternatives (India), NLB (Slovenia), the National Bank of Greece and Islandsbanki (Iceland). She was also a member of the Audit Committee of the National Bank of Greece, and Chair of the Audit Committee of each of IDFC Limited and NLB (Slovenia). In addition, Ms. Økland served as Managing Director of Avista Partners, a London based consultancy company that provides advisory services and raises capital, from 2009 to 2018. Between 1993 and 2008, she held various investment banking positions at JP Morgan Chase & Co. and UBS where she focused on debt capital raising and structuring. Ms. Økland has led many transactions for large Nordic banks and insurance companies, and worked on some of the most significant mergers and acquisitions in these sectors. Between 1988 and 1993, Ms. Økland headed European operations of Marsoft, a Boston, Oslo and London based consulting firm that advises banks and large shipping, oil and raw material companies on shipping strategies and investments. She holds a M.Sc. degree in Finance and Economics from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration where she also worked as a researcher and attended Harvard Business School. He has served as our Executive Chairman since our inception. In 1974 he was employed by the Norwegian Shipowners' Association. In the period from 1975 to 1980, he was Chief Economisttaught mathematics and Research Manager of INTERTANKO, an industry association whose members control about 70% of the world's independently owned tanker fleet, excluding state owned and oil company fleets. During the 1980s, he was Chief Financial Officer of Kosmos/Anders Jahre, at the time one of the largest Norwegian based shipping and industry groups. In 1989, Mr. Hansson founded Ugland Nordic Shipping AS, or UNS, which became one of the world's largest owners of specialized shuttle tankers. UNS became a public company in 1993. While under Mr. Hansson's management, UNS increased dividends paid to shareholders each year for nine years. He served as Chairman in the first phase and as Chief Executive Officer as from 1993 to 2001 when UNS, under his management, was sold to Teekay Shipping Corporation, or Teekay, for an enterprise value of $780.0 million. He continued to work with Teekay, most recently as Vice Chairman of Teekay Norway AS, until he started working full-time for Nordic American Tankers, or NAT (NYSE:NAT), on September 1, 2004. Mr. Hansson is the founder and has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of NAT since its establishment in 1995. NAT was listed on the NYSE in 1997. Since then, NAT has paid dividends 70 times, with total dividend payments of $45.38 per share from the fourth quarter of 1997 to the date of this report. He also has been a member of various governing bodies of companies within shipping, insurance, banking, manufacturing, national/international shipping agencies including classification societies and protection and indemnity associations. Mr. Hansson is fluent in Norwegian and English, and has a command of German and French for conversational purposes.
statistics.
Marianne Lie, Executive Vice Chairman and Class C Director
Marianne Lie has served as our Class C directorDirector since December 2013. InFrom June 2016 until December 2018, Ms. Lie was appointedserved as our Executive Vice Chairman. The Managing Director of NAO reports to Ms. Lie. Having broad international experience, she has been and still is a board member of several Norwegian companies mainly within the shipping, offshore business, energy and finance industries. She was until recently a member of the shareholders Committee of the Central Bank of Norway. She was
in the Norwegian Shipowners Association from 1988 until 1998, after which she was managing director of the Norwegian Branchbranch of Vattenfall, a Swedish based energy group. Ms. Lie was also a board member of the Finnish energy group Fortum. She was managing director of the Norwegian Shipowners Association from 2002 to 2008. Ms. Lie has studied law and political science at the University of Oslo.
Paul J. Hopkins, Class B Director
Paul J. Hopkins has been a directorDirector of the Company since its inception and was a director of NATNordic American Tankers Limited from June 2005 until December 13, 2013. Until MarchFrom 1995 through January 2008, Mr. Hopkins was also a Vice President and a director of Corridor Resources Inc., a Canadian publicly traded natural gas exploration and production company. From 1989 through 1993 he served with Lasmo as Project Manager during the development and start-up of the Cohasset/Panuke oilfield offshore Nova Scotia, the first offshore oil production in Canada. Earlier, Mr. Hopkins served as a consultant on frontier engineering and petroleum economic evaluations in the international oil industry. Mr. Hopkins was seconded to Chevron UK in 1978 to assist with the gas export system for the Ninian Field. He was part of the ranger team evaluating the Ninian Field economic and financing options with several large banks. Previously, beginning in 1973, heMr. Hopkins was employed with London based Ranger Oil (UK) Limited, being involved in the drilling and production testing of oiloffshore wells in the North Sea. ThroughFrom 1969 through the end of 1972 he worked with Shell Canada as part of its Offshore Exploration Group.
James Kelly,Mr. Bjarte Boe, Class BA Director
James KellyMr. Boe has been a directorDirector of the Company since its inception and a director of NAT since June 2010. Mr. Kelly has worked for Time Inc., the world's largest magazine publisher, since 1978. He served as Foreign Editor during the fall of the Soviet Union and the first Gulf War, and was named Deputy Managing Editor in 1996. In 2001, Mr. Kelly became the magazine's managing editor, and during his tenure the magazine won a record four National Magazine awards. In 2004, Time Magazine received its first EMMA for its contribution to the ABC News Series "Iraq: Where Things Stand." In late 2006, Mr. Kelly became the managing editor of all of Time Inc., helping supervise the work of more than 2,000 journalists working at 125 titles, including Fortune, Money, Sports Illustrated and People. Since 2009, Mr. Kelly has worked as a consultant at Bloomberg LP and taught at Princeton and Columbia Universities.
David M. Workman, Class A Director
David M. Workman has served as our Class A Director since December 2013. Mr. Workman was, until recently Chief Operating Officer and member of the Supervisory Board of Stork Technical Services having guided, as Chief Executive Officer, the sale of the RBG Offshore Services Group into the STS Group. Mr. Workman has 30 years of broad experience in the offshore sector ranging from drilling operations/field development through production operations and project management. He has worked with a wide variety of exploration and production companies in the sectorJuly 2019 and has balanced this with exposure to the service sector, working with management companies. As part of his experience with these different companies, he has had extensive exposure to the North Sea market. Mr. Workman graduated from Imperial College London in 1983 with a Masters in Petroleum Engineering and spent his early years as a Drilling/Production Operations Engineer with BP. In 1987 he joined Hamilton Brothers Oil and Gas who were early adopters of floating production systems. In 1993 he joined Kerr McGee as an operations manager for the Tentech 850 designed Gryphon FPSO, the first permanently moored FPSO in the North Sea. In 1996, Mr. Workman established the service company Atlantic Floating Production, which went on to become the management contractor and duty holder on the John Fredriksen owned Northern Producer and on the Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS) owned Banff FPF. In 2003, Mr. Workman was instrumental in founding Tuscan Energy which went on to redevelop the abandoned Argyll Field in the UK Continental Shelf. In 2009, Mr. Workman was appointed as Chief Executive Officer and led the sale of the RBG Group to Stork Technical Services in 2011.
Tor-Øyvind Bjørkli, Managing Director
Tor-Øyvind Bjørkli served as our Chief Executive Officer from March 2014 until June 2016. In June 2016, Mr. Bjørkli was appointed as our Managing Director. On April 3, 2017, Mr. Bjørkli tendered his resignation as our Managing Director and we expect he will step down from his position in mid-2017. Mr. Bjørkli graduated from Vestfold University College with a Bachelor of Science degree in Marine Engineering in 1992. He completed the Royal Norwegian Naval Officer Training School in 1993 and his Master of Science degree at Norwegian University of Science and Technology in 1999. For the last eight years he has been a Partner with RS Platou ASA's offshore sale and purchase and newbuilding division. Before joining RS Platou ASA, a major international offshore and shipbroking firm, he held the position as a Surveyor with the classification society, Det Norske Veritas' (DNV GL) in the Miami office.
Turid M. Sørensen, Chief Financial Officer
Turid M. Sørensen has 30over thirty years of experience in the shippingfinance industry. She hasHe also currently serves as an independent director on the Board of Directors of Seadrill Limited (NYSE: SDRL) and as a member of the Nomination Committee of BW Offshore Ltd. Mr. Boe is Chairman of the Investment Committee at SEB Venture Capital, a subsidiary of Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), or SEB, a Nordic financial services group, where from 1995 to June 2019, he held a range of management positions. Mr. Boe most recently served as our CFO since our inception. SheHead of Shipping and Offshore Finance at SEB and was appointed Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice PresidentGlobal Head of NAT on June 1, 2012. SheInvestment Banking at SEB Stockholm between 2012 and 2016. He previously served as Chief Financial Officer of NAT from February 6, 2006. Ms. Sørensenheld various other bank related management positions at Christiania Bank between 1986 and 1995, a Norwegian bank that later merged with MeritaNordbanken to become Nordea, and was a shipbroker at R.S. Platou between 1983 and 1986. Mr. Boe has a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administrationan M.B.A. from the Norwegian School of Management, an M.B.A. in Management Control from the NorwegianNorway School of Economics and Business AdministrationAdministration.
B.Compensation
There are currently no employment agreements between Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd. and has completed an Advanced Management Program from Harvard Business School. During the period from 1984 to 1987, she worked for Anders Jahre AS and Kosmos AS in Norway and held various positions within accounting and information technology. In the period from 1987 to 1995, Ms. Sørensen was Manager of Accounting and IT for Skaugen PetroTrans Inc., in Houston, Texas. After returning to Norway she was employed by Ugland Nordic Shipping ASA and Teekay Norway AS asCEO, CFO, COO, President, Vice President Accounting. From October 2004 until her appointment as Chief Financial Officer of NAT in February 2006, she served as the Treasurer and Controller of NAT.
B. Compensation
Secretary. We currently have employment agreements with our Executive Chairman, Executive Vice Chairman, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer to be paidincurred an aggregate amount of about $850,000 per year. Under$0.5 million in aggregate executive compensation expense for our senior executive officers for the terms of these employment agreements, either party may terminate the agreement with up to six months prior notice.
year ended December 31, 2019.
Our current non-executive directors receive annualcash compensation annually in the amount of $37,500, plus an additional fee of $5,000 for each committee on which a director serves and for the lead independent director, plus reimbursement of their out-of-pocket expenses incurred while attending any meeting of the boardBoard of directorsDirectors or any board committee.
We do not have a retirement benefit plan for our officers or directors. By law, our employees in Monaco are entitled to a one-time payment of up to two-months’ salary upon retirement if they meet certain minimum service requirements.
C.Board Practices
Our Board of Directors is elected annually, and each director elected holds office for a three-year term or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. Our current Class B and Class C directors were elected at ourA Directors will serve until the 2020 annual general meeting held in 2013. Theof shareholders. Our Class B directors were re-elected at our 2015Directors will serve until the 2021 annual general meeting toof shareholders. Our Class C Directors will serve until the 2018 annual general meeting. Our Class C director was re-elected for a new term at our 20162022 annual general meeting to serve untilof shareholders.
Our Board of Directors consists of seven directors. In addition, there is currently one casual vacancy on the 2019 annual general meeting. The termBoard, created by Mr. Workman's resignation, which the Board has not yet filled. Four of our Class A director will expire atdirectors, Ms. Marianne Økland, Ms. Marianne Lie, Mr. Paul J. Hopkins, and Mr. Bjarte Boe, have been determined by our 2017 annual general meeting atBoard of Directors to be independent under the rules of the NYSE and the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our Board of Directors has
an Audit Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and a Compensation Committee, each of which our Class A director will be up for re-election.
The sole member and Chairmanare comprised solely of certain of our Audit Committee is Mr. Hopkins.independent directors. The Audit Committee, provides assistanceamong other things, reviews our external financial reporting, engages our external auditors and oversees our internal controls activities, procedures, and the adequacy of our internal controls. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for recommending to the Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilitiesnominees for director appointments and directors for appointment to shareholders,board committees and advising the investment community relatingboard with regard to corporate accounting, reporting practices of the Company,governance practices. The Compensation Committee recommends director and the quality and integrity of the financial reports of the Company. The Audit Committee, among other duties, recommends the independent auditors to be selected to audit the financial statements of the Company, meets with the independent auditors and financial management of the Company to review the scope of the proposed audit for the current year and the audit procedures to be utilized, reviews with the independent auditors, and financial and accounting personnel, the adequacy and effectiveness of the accounting and financial controls of the Company, and reviews the financial statements contained in the annual report to shareholders with management and the independent auditors.senior employee compensation.
Pursuant to an exemption for foreign private issuers, we are not required to comply with many of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE that are applicable to U.S. listed companies. For more information, see "Item 16G.—Corporate Governance".
Governance."
There are no contracts between us and any of our directors providing for benefits upon termination of their employment.
D.Employees
As of December 31, 20162019, we have six employees filling the positions of Executive Chairman, Executive Vice-Chair, Managing Director, Chief Financial Officer, Managing Director of NAO (UK) and a chartering manager.had nine onshore employees.
E.Share Ownership
With respect to the total amount of common stockshares owned by all of our officers and directors, individually and as a group, please see Item"Item 7. Major StockholdersShareholders and Related Party Transactions.Transactions—A. Major Shareholders."
ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A.Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our common shares for (i) owners of more than five percent of our common shares and (ii) our directors and officers, of which we are aware as of the date of this annual report.
Title | Identity of Person | | No. of Shares | | | Percent of Class(1) | |
Common | Nordic American Tankers Limited (2) | | | 14,018,280 | | | | 22.6 | % |
Common | Magnus Roth (3) | | | 8,000,000 | | | | 12.9 | % |
Common | High Seas AS (Hansson family) and Herbjørn Hansson directly (4) | | | 2,223,233 | | | | 3.7 | % |
Common | Marianne Lie | | | | | | | * | |
Common | Paul J. Hopkins | | | | | | | * | |
Common | James Kelly | | | | | | | * | |
Common | Turid M. Sørensen | | | | | | | * | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | |
Identity of Person | Number of Shares | | Percent of Class(1) |
Entities within Scorpio | 21,161,327 |
| (2) | 67.5 | % |
Mackenzie Financial Corporation | 5,001,507 |
| (3) | 16.0 | % |
| | | |
Directors and executive officers as a group (excluding Mr. Emanuele Lauro) | 102,721 |
| | 0.3 | % |
| |
(1) | BasedThese percentages are based on 61,986,84731,330,232 common shares outstanding as of the date of this annual reportApril 28, 2020, unless otherwise indicated. |
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
To our knowledge, we are not currently a party to any lawsuit that, if adversely determined, would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. As such, we do not believe that pending legal proceedings, taken as a whole, should have any significant impact on our financial statements. From time to time in the future we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and property casualty claims. While we expect that these claims would be covered by our existing insurance policies, those claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We have not been involved in any legal proceedings which may have, or have had, a significant effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity, nor are we aware of any proceedings that are pending or threatened which may have a significant effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Not applicable.
As stated in our Memorandum of Continuance, the objects of the Company are unrestricted and it has the capacity, rights, powers and privileges of a natural person. The Bye-laws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our shareholders.
Each outstanding common share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred shares, holders of common shares are entitled to receive ratably all dividends, if any, declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Upon our dissolution or liquidation or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stockshares having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of our common shares are entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common shares do not have conversion, redemption or pre-emptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common shares are subject to the rights of the holders of any preferred shares, which we may issue in the future.
The Bye-laws authorize our Board of Directors to establish one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:
Our directors are elected by a simple majority of the votes cast by shareholders entitled to vote.vote at a general meeting of shareholders. There is no provision for cumulative voting.
The Bye-laws require our Board of Directors to consist of at least one member. Our Board of Directors currently consists of five membersseven members. In addition, there currently is one casual vacancy on the Board, created by Mr. Workman's resignation, which the Board has not yet filled. The Bye-laws may be amended by a simple majority of the votes cast by shareholders entitled to vote.vote at a general meeting of shareholders.
Directors are elected annually on a staggered basis, and each shall serve for a three year term and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, except in the event of his or her death, resignation, removal, or the earlier termination of his or her term of office. Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix the amounts which shall be payable to the members of the Board of Directors for attendance at any meeting or for services rendered to us.
Under the Companies Act, in the event of an amalgamation or a merger of a Bermuda company with another company or corporation, a shareholder of the Bermuda company who did not vote in favor of the amalgamation or merger and is not satisfied that fair value has been offered for such shareholder's shares may, within one month of notice of the annual or special general meeting, apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda to appraise the fair value of those shares.
The registrar and transfer agent for our common shares is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
Other than as set forth above, we have not entered into any material contracts outside the ordinary course of business during the past two years.
The Company has been designated as a non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes by the Bermuda Monetary Authority.
The Company's common shares are currently listed on an appointed stock exchange. For so long as the Company's shares are listed on an appointed stock exchange the transfer of shares between persons regarded as resident outside Bermuda for exchange control purposes and the issuance of common shares to or by such persons may be effected without specific consent under the Bermuda Exchange Control Act of 1972 and regulations made thereunder. Issues and transfers of common shares between any person regarded as resident in Bermuda and any person regarded as non-resident for exchange control purposes require specific prior approval under the Bermuda Exchange Control Act of 1972 unless such common shares are listed on an appointed stock exchange.
Subject to the foregoing, there are no limitations on the rights of owners of shares in the Company to hold or vote their shares. Because the Company has been designated as non-resident for Bermuda exchange control purposes, there are no restrictions on its ability to transfer funds in and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends to United States residents who are holders of common shares, other than in respect of local Bermuda currency.
In accordance with Bermuda law, share certificates may be issued only in the names of those with legal capacity. In the case of an applicant acting in a special capacity (for example, as an executor or trustee), certificates may, at the request of the applicant, record the capacity in which the applicant is acting. Notwithstanding the recording of any such special capacity, the Company is not bound to investigate or incur any responsibility in respect of the proper administration of any such estate or trust.
The Company will take no notice of any trust applicable to any of its shares or other securities whether or not it had notice of such trust.
As an "exempted company," the Company is exempt from Bermuda laws which restrict the percentage of share capital that may be held by non-Bermudians, but as an exempted company, the Company may not participate in certain business transactions including: (i) the acquisition or holding of land in Bermuda except for (a) land required for its business by way of lease for a term not exceeding 50 years, and (b) land by way of lease for a term not exceeding 21 years in order to provide accommodation or recreational facilities for its officers and employees, or otherwise, with the express authorization of the MinistersMinister of Economic DevelopmentFinance of Bermuda; (ii) the taking of mortgages on land in Bermuda to secure an amount in excess of $50,000 without the consent of the Minister of Economic DevelopmentFinance of Bermuda, land by way of lease for a term not exceeding 21 years in order to provide accommodation or recreational facilities for its officers and employees;Bermuda; (iii) the acquisition of securities created or issued by, or any interest in, any local company or business, other than certain types of Bermuda government securities or securities of another "exempted company, exempted partnership or other corporation or partnership resident in Bermuda but incorporated abroad"; or (iv) the carrying on of business of any kind in Bermuda, except in so far as may be necessary for the carrying on of its business outside Bermuda or under a license granted by the Minister of Economic DevelopmentFinance of Bermuda.
The Bermuda government actively encourages foreign investment in "exempted" entities like the Company that are based in Bermuda but do not operate in competition with local business. In addition to having no restrictions on the degree of foreign ownership, the Company is subject neither to taxes on its income or dividends nor to any exchange controls in Bermuda other than outlined above. In addition, there is no capital gains tax in Bermuda, and profits can be accumulated by the Company, as required, without limitation. For more information, please see Item"Item 10.—Additional Information —E.Information—E. Taxation—Bermuda Tax Considerations."
Under current Bermuda law, there are no taxes on profits, income or dividends nor is there any capital gains tax. Furthermore, the Company has received from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act of 1966, as amended, an undertaking that, in the event that Bermuda enacts any legislation imposing tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, then the imposition of any such tax shall not be applicable to the Company or to any of its operations, or the common shares, debentures or other obligations of the Company, until March 31, 2035. This undertaking does not, however, prevent the imposition of any such tax or duty on such persons as are ordinarily resident in Bermuda and holding such shares, debentures or obligations of the Company or of property taxes on Company-owned real property or leasehold interests in Bermuda.
In the opinion of Seward & Kissel, LLP, our U.S. counsel, the following are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership of common shares to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders, each as defined below. The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax matters is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, judicial decisions, administrative pronouncements, and existing and proposed regulations issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or the Treasury Regulations, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The discussion below is based, in part, on the description of our business as described in this annual report and assumes that we conduct our business as described herein. This discussion applies only to investors that hold our commons shares as a capital asset and not to all categories of investors to which special rules may apply. All investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the ownership of our common shares.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of the Company
We are not currently subject to any U.S. federal income tax on our income. However, in the future we may directly or through a subsidiary conduct activitiesactivity which would give rise to U.S.-source income. Depending on the nature of those activities, we may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on all or a portion of the income from such activities.
We will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation with respect to gain realized on a sale of a vessel, provided the sale is considered to occur outside of the United States under U.S. federal income tax principles. In general, a sale of a vessel will be considered to occur outside of the United States for this purpose if title to the vessel, and risk of loss with respect to the vessel, pass to the buyer outside of the United States. It is expected that any sale of a vessel by us will be considered to occur outside of the United States.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders
As used herein, the term "U.S. Holder" means a holder that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is a beneficial owner of common shares and is an individual U.S. citizen or resident, a U.S. corporation or other U.S. entity taxable as a corporation, an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary jurisdiction over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
If a partnership holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common shares, you are encouraged to consult your tax advisor.
Subject to the discussion of passive foreign investment companies below, any distributions made by the Company with respect to its common shares to a U.S. Holder will generally constitute dividends, which may be taxable as ordinary income or "qualified dividend income" as described in more detail below, to the extent of the Company's current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of the Company's earnings and profits will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder's tax basis in his common shares on a dollar-for-dollar basis and thereafter as capital gain. Because the Company is not a U.S. corporation, U.S. Holders that are corporations will generally not be entitled to claim a dividends-received deduction with respect to any distributions they receive from the Company. Dividends paid with respect to our common shares will generally be treated as foreign source dividend income and will generally constitute "passive category income" for purposes of computing allowable foreign tax credits for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
Dividends paid to a U.S. Holder which is an individual, trust, or estate, referred to herein as a "U.S. Non-Corporate Holder," will generally be treated as "qualified dividend income" that is taxable to U.S. Holders at preferential U.S. federal income tax rates, provided that (1) the common shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (such as the NYSE on which the common shares are listed); (2) the Company is not a passive foreign investment company for the taxable year during which the dividend is paid or the immediately preceding taxable year (which the Company does not believe it is, has been or will be); (3) the U.S. Non-Corporate Holder has
owned the common shares for more than 60 days in the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the date on which the common shares become ex-dividend; and (4) the U.S. Non-Corporate Holder is not under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. There is no assurance that any dividends paid on our common shares will be eligible for these preferential rates in the hands of a U.S. Non-Corporate Holder. Any dividends paid by the Company which are not eligible for these preferential rates will be taxed as ordinary income to a U.S. Non-Corporate Holder.
Assuming we do not constitute a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize taxable gain or loss upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized by the U.S. Holder from such sale, exchange or other disposition and the U.S. Holder's tax basis in such shares. Such gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder's holding period is greater than one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other disposition. Such capital gain or loss will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss, as applicable, for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Long-term capital gains of certain non-corporate U.S. Holders are currently eligible for reduced rates of taxation. A U.S. Holder's ability to deduct capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
Special U.S. federal income tax rules apply to a U.S. Holder that holds stock in a foreign corporation classified as a passive foreign investment company or a "PFIC",("PFIC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, the Company will be treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if, for any taxable year in which such holder held the Company's common shares, either:
Based on the Company's current operations and future projections, the Company does not believe that it is, nor does it expect to become, a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. Although there is no legal authority directly on point, the Company's belief is based principally on the position that, for purposes of determining whether the Company is a PFIC, the gross income the Company derives or is deemed to derive from the time chartering and spot chartering activities of its wholly-owned subsidiaries should constitute services income, rather than rental income. Correspondingly, the Company believes that such income does not constitute passive income, and the assets that the Company or its wholly-owned subsidiaries own and operate in connection with the production of such income, in particular, the vessels, do not constitute assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income for purposes of determining whether the Company is a PFIC. The Company believes there is substantial legal authority supporting its position consisting of case law and Internal Revenue Service, or the "IRS", pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and spot charters as services income for other tax purposes. However, there is also authority which characterizes time charter income as rental income rather than services income
for other tax purposes. It should be noted that in the absence of any legal authority specifically relating to the statutory provisions governing PFICs, the IRS or a court could disagree with the Company's position. In addition, although the Company intends to conduct its affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a PFIC with respect to any taxable year, there can be no assurance that the nature of its operations will not change in the future.
As discussed more fully below, if the Company were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder would be subject to different U.S. federal income taxation rules depending on whether the U.S. Holder makes an election to treat the Company as a "Qualified Electing Fund," which election is referred to as a "QEF Election." As discussed below, as an alternative to making a QEF Election, a U.S. Holder should be able to make a "mark-to-market" election with respect to the common stock, which election is referred to as a "Mark-to-Market Election". If the Company were to be treated as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder would be required to file IRS Form 8621 to report certain information regarding the Company.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Timely QEF Election
If a U.S. Holder makes a timely QEF Election, which U.S. Holder is referred to as an "Electing Holder", the Electing Holder must report each year for U.S. federal income tax purposes his pro rata share of the Company's ordinary earnings and net capital gain,gains, if any, for the Company's taxable year during which it is a PFIC that ends with or within the taxable year of the Electing Holder, regardless of whether or not distributions were received by the Electing Holder from the Company. The Electing Holder's adjusted tax basis in the common stock will be increased to reflect amounts included in the Electing Holder's income. Distributions received by an Electing Holder that had been previously taxed will result in a corresponding reduction in the adjusted tax basis in the common stock and will not be taxed again once distributed. An Electing Holder would not, however, be entitled to a deduction for its pro rata share of any losses that the Company incurs with respect to any taxable year. An Electing Holder would generally recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common stock. A U.S. Holder would make a timely QEF Election for our common shares by filing IRS Form 8621 with such holder's U.S. federal income tax return for the first year in which such holder held such shares when the Company was a PFIC. If the Company determines that it is a PFIC for any taxable year, it will provide each U.S. Holder with all necessary information in order to make the QEF Election described above.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Mark-to-Market Election
Alternatively, if the Company were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and, as anticipated, the common shares are treated as "marketable stock," a U.S. Holder would be allowed to make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the Company's common shares. If that election is made, the U.S. Holder generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common shares at the end of the taxable year over such holder's adjusted tax basis in the common stock. The U.S. Holder would also be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the Mark-to-Market Election. A U.S. Holder's tax basis in his common shares would be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amount. Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common shares would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common shares would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included by the U.S. Holder.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Not Making a Timely QEF Election or Mark-to-Market Election
Finally, if the Company were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder who does not make either a QEF Election or a Mark-to-Market Election for that year, whom is referred to as a "Non-Electing Holder", would be subject to special U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to (1) any excess distribution (i.e., the portion of any distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder on the common shares in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder in the three (3) preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the Non-Electing Holder's holding period for the common shares), and (2) any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common stock. Under these special rules:
If a Non-Electing Holder who is an individual dies while owning the common shares, such holder's successor generally would not receive a step-up in tax basis with respect to such shares.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of "Non-U.S. Holders"
As used herein, the term "Non-U.S. Holder" means a holder that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a beneficial owner of common shares (other than a partnership) that is not a U.S. Holder.
If a partnership holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common shares, you are encouraged to consult your tax advisor.
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on dividends received from us with respect to our common shares, unless that income is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a trade or business in the United States. In general, if the Non-U.S. Holder is entitled to the benefits of an applicable U.S. income tax treaty with respect to those dividends, that income is taxable only if it is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States.
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares, unless:
Income or Gains Effectively Connected with a U.S. Trade or Business
If the Non-U.S. Holder is engaged in a U.S. trade or business for U.S. federal income tax purposes, dividends on the common shares and gaingains from the sale, exchange or other disposition of the shares, that is effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business (and, if required by an applicable U.S. income tax treaty, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment), will generally be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax in the same manner as discussed in the previous section relating to the taxation of U.S. Holders. In addition, in the case of a corporate Non-U.S. Holder, its earnings and profits that are attributable to the effectively connected income, which are subject to certain adjustments, may be subject to an additional U.S. federal branch profits tax at a rate of 30%, or at a lower rate as may be specified by an applicable U.S. income tax treaty.
In general, dividend payments, or other taxable distributions, and the payment of gross proceeds on a sale or other disposition of our common shares, made within the United States to a non-corporate U.S. Holder will be subject to information reporting. Such payments or distributions may also be subject to backup withholding if the non-corporate U.S. Holder:
Non-U.S. Holders may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and backup withholding with respect to dividend payments or other taxable distributions on our common shares by certifying their status on an applicable IRS Form W-8. If a Non-U.S. Holder sells our common shares to or through a U.S. office of a broker, the payment of the proceeds is subject to both U.S. backup withholding and information reporting unless the Non-U.S. Holder certifies that it is a non-U.S. person, under penalties of perjury, or it otherwise establishes an exemption. If a Non-U.S. Holder sells our common shares through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker and the sales proceeds are paid outside the United States, then information reporting and backup withholding generally will not apply to that payment. However, U.S. information reporting requirements, but not backup withholding, will apply to a payment of sales proceeds, even if that payment is made outside the United States, if a Non-U.S. Holder sells our common shares through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is a U.S. person or has some other contacts with the United States. Such information reporting requirements will not apply, however, if the broker has documentary evidence in its records that the Non-U.S. Holder is not a U.S. person and certain other conditions are met, or the Non-U.S. Holder otherwise establishes an exemption.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, a refund may generally be obtained of any amounts withheld under backup withholding rules that exceed the taxpayer's U.S. federal income tax liability by filing a timely refund claim with the IRS.
Individuals who are U.S. Holders (and to the extent specified in applicable Treasury Regulations, Non-U.S. Holders and certain U.S. entities) who hold "specified foreign financial assets" (as defined in Section 6038D of the Code) are required to file IRS Form 8938 with information relating to the asset for each taxable year in which the aggregate value of all such assets exceeds $75,000 at any time during the taxable year or $50,000 on the last day of the taxable year (or such higher dollar amount as prescribed by applicable Treasury Regulations). Specified foreign financial assets would include, among other assets, our common shares, unless the common shares are held in an account maintained with a U.S. financial institution. Substantial penalties apply to any failure to timely file IRS Form 8938, unless the failure is shown to be due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. Additionally, in the event an individual U.S. Holder (and to the extent specified in applicable Treasury Regulations, a Non-U.S. Holder or a U.S. entity) that is required to file IRS Form 8938 does not file such form, the statute of limitations on the assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes of such holder for the related tax year may not close until three years after the date that the required information is filed. U.S. Holders (including U.S. entities) and Non-U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding their reporting obligations in respect of our common shares.
In addition to the tax consequences discussed above, we may be subject to tax in one or more other jurisdictions where we conduct activities. The amount of any such tax imposed upon our operations may be material.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Shareholders may also request a copy of our filings at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
A 100 basis points increase in LIBOR would have resulted in an increase of approximately $1.0$0.3 million in our interest expense for the year endedperiod January 1, 2019 to April 8, 2019 (Predecessor) and approximately $1.1 million in our interest expense for the period April 9, 2019 to December 31, 2016.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.