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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
| (Mark one) |
| o | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| þ | ||
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 | ||||
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the transition period from ________ to _________ | ||||
| o | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| Date of event requiring this shell company report | ||||
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.| For the transition period from ________ to _________ |
| Commission File Number: 001-33900 |
 | DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | |||
British Virgin Islands (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 17B, Edificio Comercial Rodrigues, | Herman Wong, Chief Financial Officer, Telephone: 853-28-322096; fax: 853-28-323265 E-mail: 17B, Edificio Comercial Rodrigues 599 Avenida da Praia Grande, Macao Special Administrative Region, PRC | |
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common shares, no par value
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: NONE
As of March 31, 2010,2013, there were 16,191,81016,387,648 common shares of the registrant outstanding.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.oYesþNo
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934oYesþNo
Note —– Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (i) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (ii) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.þYesoNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter)
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).þYes(1)oNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated | Accelerated filero | Non-accelerated filerþ |
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAPþInternational Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards BoardoOthero
If “Other” has been checked, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
| Exhibit 12.1 | ||||
| Exhibit 12.2 | ||||
| Exhibit 13.1 | ||||
| Accountants LLP | Exhibit | |||
| CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM — BDO Limited | Exhibit 15.2 | |||
| 2 |
2
Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’smanagement's view only as of the date of this Report. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Readers should also carefully review the risk factors described in other documents the Company files from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this Annual Report only:
| o | “MOP$” are to the legal currency of Macao; |
| o | “fiscal year,” e.g., “fiscal 2013,” are to our year ended March 31 of the year(s) indicated. |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND CURRENCY PRESENTATION
The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America and publishes such statements in United States dollars. See “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” included elsewhere herein. The Company publishes its financial statements in United States dollars asdollars. The functional currency of the Company is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, where the currencyand its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Moreover, the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries has been changed from the Hong Kong dollar or Chinese RMB to the US dollar since January 1, 2009.
PART I
Item1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
Not applicable.
Item 22.. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
Item 3.3. KEY INFORMATION
The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements and notesNotes thereto included elsewhere in this Report. The selected income statement dataOperations Data for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 2013, and the Balance Sheet data as of March 31, 2012 and 2013 are derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The selected Operations Data for the years ended March 31, 2009 and 2010, and the balance sheetBalance Sheet data as of March 31, 2009, 2010, and 20102011 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Report. The selected income statement data for the years ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, and the balance sheet data as of March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements,Consolidated Financial Statements, which are not included in this Report.
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3
| (in thousands except per share and statistical data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 115,276 | $ | 136,779 | $ | 143,806 | $ | 131,738 | $ | 81,614 | ||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 89,850 | 105,506 | 117,373 | 111,570 | 68,958 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 25,426 | 31,273 | 26,433 | 20,168 | 12,656 | |||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 15,052 | 18,957 | 19,601 | 19,291 | 15,505 | |||||||||||||||
| Other income (expenses), net | (823 | ) | 1,376 | 1,838 | (132 | ) | 4,594 | |||||||||||||
Operating income(2) | 9,551 | 13,692 | 8,670 | 745 | 1,745 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (6 | ) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Non-operating income, net | 447 | 547 | 521 | 168 | 444 | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 9,992 | 14,239 | 9,191 | 913 | 2,189 | |||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | (27 | ) | 1,239 | 104 | (282 | ) | 690 | |||||||||||||
| Net income | 10,019 | 13,000 | 9,087 | 1,195 | 1,499 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | 1,240 | 833 | 228 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | $ | 8,779 | $ | 12,167 | $ | 8,859 | $ | 1,195 | $ | 1,499 | ||||||||||
Basic earnings per share(3) | $ | 0.59 | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.57 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||||||
Average number of shares outstanding—basic(3) | 14,908 | 14,956 | 15,517 | 15,791 | 15,965 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share(3) | $ | 0.59 | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.57 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||||||
Average number of shares outstanding—diluted(3) | 14,936 | 15,048 | 15,566 | 15,805 | 16,039 | |||||||||||||||
Statistical Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 22.1 | % | 22.9 | % | 18.4 | % | 15.3 | % | 15.5 | % | ||||||||||
Operating margin(2) | 8.3 | % | 10.0 | % | 6.0 | % | 0.6 | % | 2.1 | % | ||||||||||
| Dividends per share | $ | 0.63 | $ | 0.65 | $ | 0.61 | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.10 | ||||||||||
| At March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Working capital | $ | 55,114 | $ | 58,672 | $ | 54,751 | $ | 52,605 | $ | 59,848 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 130,670 | 141,210 | 140,407 | 137,482 | 134,011 | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, less current portion | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Total debt | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 106,768 | 111,655 | 121,257 | 120,307 | 121,015 | |||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | (in thousands except per share and statistical data) Year ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 131,738 | $ | 81,614 | $ | 84,022 | $ | 64,783 | $ | 54,074 | ||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 111,570 | 68,958 | 74,474 | 55,318 | 47,264 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 20,168 | 12,656 | 9,548 | 9,465 | 6,810 | |||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 19,291 | 15,505 | 13,941 | 12,273 | 10,803 | |||||||||||||||
| Other income (expenses), net | (132 | ) | 4,594 | (4,435 | )(2) | 639 | 274 | |||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 745 | 1,745 | (8,828 | )(2) | (2,169 | ) | (3,719 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Non-operating income, net | 168 | 444 | 1,096 | 1,190 | 2,056 | |||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 913 | 2,189 | (7,732 | ) | (979 | ) | (1,663 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes | (282 | ) | 690 | 382 | 482 | 328 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | 1,195 | 1,499 | (8,114 | ) | (1,461 | ) | (1,991 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities(3) | - | - | - | (746 | ) | 718 | ||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable | ||||||||||||||||||||
| to Deswell Industries, Inc. | $ | 1,195 | $ | 1,499 | $ | (8,114 | ) | $ | (2,207 | ) | $ | (1,273 | ) | |||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable | ||||||||||||||||||||
| to Deswell Industries, Inc.(3): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share(4) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding(4) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (shares in thousands) | 15,791 | 15,965 | 16,193 | 16,197 | 16,468 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share(4) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||||||
| Weighted average common and potential common shares | ||||||||||||||||||||
| outstanding(4) (shares in thousands) | 15,805 | 16,039 | 16,193 | 16,197 | 16,560 | |||||||||||||||
| Statistical Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 15.3% | 15.5% | 11.4% | 14.6% | 12.6% | |||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 0.6% | 2.1% | -10.5% | -3.3% | -6.9% | |||||||||||||||
| Dividends per share | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.30 | ||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | At March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| Working capital | $ | 52,605 | $ | 59,848 | $ | 59,689 | $ | 60,933 | $ | 58,298 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 137,482 | 134,011 | 127,159 | 121,959 | 112,565 | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, less current portion | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total debt | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 120,307 | 121,015 | 111,287 | 107,689 | 101,576 | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America and are stated in U.S. dollars. See “Financial Statements and Currency Presentation.” |
| (2) | Other expenses, net and operating |
| (3) | See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included later in this Report regarding unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities during the years ended March 31, |
| (4) | Basic |
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4
We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements. Written forward-looking statements may appear in this document and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in press releases, in reports to shareholders, on our website, and other documents. The Private Securities Reform Act of 1995 contains a safe harbor for forward-looking statements on which we rely in making such disclosures. In connection with this “safe harbor”, we are hereby identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Any such statement is qualified by reference to the following cautionary statements:
We are, and have been, dependent on a few major customers, and have no long-term contracts with them. Our salesthe loss of, or substantial reduction in orders from, which would substantially decreaseharm our business and operating results.
Historically, we would suffer decreaseshave depended, currently depend, and expect to continue to depend, on a small number of customers for a significant percentage of our net sales. During the year ended March 31, 2013, we had two major customers, each accounting for more than 10% of our net sales and together for 24.1% of our net sales. If our major customers experience a decline in net incomethe demand for their products as a result of the prevailing economic environment or losses ifother factors, the products or services that we loseprovide to them could be reduced or even terminated. The loss of any of our major customers if they substantially reduce their orders or if they are unable to pay us. These risks have become particularly acute in the current adverse economic environment.
Our sales are based on purchase orders and we have no long-term contracts with any of our customers and the percentage of sales to any of our customers has fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate from time to time. Economic conditions prevailing since 2008 have had a negative impact on our results of operations during fiscal 2009 and 2010 are expected to continue to have a negative impact on our operations over the next several quarters and possibly beyond.in future. We cannot assure you that present or future customers will not cease using us as the source of the injection-molded plastic parts and components we manufacture, for electronic manufacturing services of electrical products and subassemblies or for metallic molds and accessories or significantly change, reduce or delay the amount of products and services ordered from us. Substantial decreases
Uncertainty and adverse changes in sales from any of our larger customers, or the loss of any major customers, would adversely impact our saleseconomy and financial performance. For example, N&J Company Ltd., our largest customer in both fiscal 2009 and 2010, reduced the volume of its orders during the year ended March 31, 2010 to 19.2% of our total sales from 28.6% of our total sales in fiscal 2009. Similarly, Digidesign, Inc., our largest customer in fiscal 2008, reduced the volume of its orders during the year ended March 31, 2009 to 12.7% of our total sales from 17.0% of our total sales in fiscal 2008. These reductions in sales to our major customers contributed to the decreases in our total sales in fiscal 2009 from fiscal 2008 and in fiscal 2010 from fiscal 2009.
5
which, in manufacturing them. If prevailing economic conditions continue to persist or worsen, turn, could adversely affect
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Our gross margins fluctuate from year to year and may be adversely affected by a number of factors.
The following chart shows, for the years indicated, our gross margins from our two principal operating segments and for our company as a whole:
Gross Margins Percentage
We expect gross margins generally and for specific products to continue to fluctuate from year to year. Fluctuations in our margins have been affected, often adversely, and may continue to be affected, by numerous factors, including:
6
If we cannot stem the declinemaintain stability in our gross margins, our operating results wouldcould suffer, dividend payments to shareholders may be decreased or eliminated, our financial position may be harmed and our stock price may fall.
We believe we were a passive foreign investment company, or “PFIC,” for our fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 under U.S. income tax laws and may be a PFIC for years after fiscal 2013. If we were a PFIC in fiscal 2013, or are a PFIC in later years, US investors could suffer adverse US federal income tax consequences in such years.
The determination of whether we are a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, in any taxable year is made on an annual basis after the close of that year and depends on the composition of our income and the nature and value of our assets, including goodwill. Specifically, we will be classified as a PFIC if, after applying relevant
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look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries, either (i) 75% or more of our gross income for such taxable year is passive income, or (ii) 50% or more of the value of our assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during such year) is attributable to assets that either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “PFIC asset test”). Cash and cash equivalents, even if they are part of the working capital of a company, constitute "passive" assets for the purposes of the PFIC asset test.
We believe that we were a PFIC for our year ended on March 31, 2013 and may also be a PFIC in subsequent tax years. If we are a PFIC for any year during a U.S. Holder’s holding period of our common shares, then such U.S. Holder generally could be subject to adverse U.S. tax consequences including the requirement to treat any “excess distribution” received on our common shares, or any gain realized upon a disposition of such common shares, as ordinary income and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such distributions or gain.
Because of the complexity of the issues regarding our classification as a PFIC, U.S. investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors for guidance as to our PFIC status. For further discussion of the adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences arising from the classification as a PFIC, please see “United States Federal Income Tax – Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC)” in ITEM 10 Additional Information beginning on page 52 of this Report.
The economy of China has been experiencing significant growth, leading to inflation and increased labor costs. Increases in labor costs of workers in the PRC generally, and in the Province where our manufacturing facilities are located particularly, have had and can be expected to continue to have a material and adverse effect on our operating results.
We generate all revenues from sales of products that we manufacture at our facilities located in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, in the PRC. The economy in China has grown significantly over the past 20 years, which has resulted in an increased inflation and the average cost of labor.
The consumer price index (CPI), a major gauge of China's inflation, increased 1.90 % in January 2013 from levels in January 2012. Historically, from 1986 until 2013, China’s inflation rate has averaged 5.86% and China has set its inflation target for 2013 at 3.5%, higher than the actual inflation rate for 2012 of 2.6%. The central government of China has been encouraging wage hikes in the hope of boosting consumer spending and reducing the economy's reliance on exports.
There is no fixed minimum wage which is applicable to all of China; local governments in China adopt different amounts based on the situation in their area. China’s Guangdong Province, where our manufacturing facilities are located, raised minimum wages by approximately 20% May 2010 and another 20% in March 2011. Effective May 1, 2013, minimum wage levels across Guangdong Province, including Dongguan, where our manufacturing facilities are located, were jumped by an average of 19.1%.
According to government regulations, minimum wages across various regions are required to be raised at least once every two years. From 2008 to 2012, minimum wage levels across the country have registered an average 12.6 percent annual growth rate. Increases in wages also result in increases in our and other employer’s contributions for various mandatory social welfare benefits for Chinese employees that are based on percentages of their salaries. Continuing material increases in our cost of labor will continue to increase our operating costs and will adversely affect our financial results unless we pass on such increases to our customers by increasing the prices of our products and services. The effect of increases in the prices of our products and services would make our products more expensive in global markets, such as the United States and the European Union. This could result in the loss of customers, who may seek, and be able to obtain, products and services comparable to those we offer in lower-cost regions of the world. If we do not increase our prices to pass on the effect of increases in our labor costs, our margins and financial results would suffer.
Because most of our labor costs are incurred in China and therefore paid in RMB, the adverse effect on our business and financial results from increasing labor costs is exacerbated by the appreciation in the exchange rate to the US dollar, as is discussed in the next risk factor.
Changes in currency exchange rates have and could continue to influence our financial results significantly.
Our sales are mainly in United States dollars and Hong Kong dollars and our expenses are mainly in United States dollars, Hong Kong dollars and Chinese RMB.
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The Hong Kong dollar has been pegged to the U.S. dollar at approximately 7.80 and relatively stable. The midpoint exchange rates between Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.789, 7.764 and 7.763 at March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, as reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/. The Hong Kong government may not continue to maintain the present currency exchange mechanism, which fixes the Hong Kong dollar at approximately 7.80 to each United States dollar and has not in the past presented a material currency exchange risk. Although announcements by Hong Kong’s central bank indicate its intention to maintain the currency peg between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar, if Hong Kong does change and follows China to a floating currency system or otherwise changes the exchange rate system of Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars, our margins and financial results could be adversely affected.
Between 1994 and July 2005, the market and official RMB rates were unified and the value of the RMB was essentially pegged to the U.S. dollar and was relatively stable. On July 21, 2005, the People’s Bank of China adjusted the exchange rate of RMB to the U.S. dollar by linking the RMB to a basket of currencies and simultaneously setting the exchange rate of RMB to U.S. dollars, from 1:8.27, to a narrow band of around 1:8.11. The chart below illustrates the fluctuations since the July 31, 2005 adjustment of the RMB to the US dollar by showing the exchange ratio at the end of each of Deswell’s fiscal years from March 31, 2006 to March 31, 2013.
| (1) | RMB (yuan) to US dollar data presented in this chart are the midpoint rates on March 31 of the year indicated as reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/. |
The appreciation and depreciation in the exchange ratio of the RMB to the US dollar increases and decreases, respectively, our costs and expenses to the extent paid in RMB. Approximately 47.0%, 49.0% and 33.0% of our total costs and expenses were in RMB during the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
The PRC government may adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which, if adopted, could result in appreciation of the exchange rate of the RMB to the U.S. dollar beyond the appreciation experienced under China’s current system.
If the RMB continues its appreciation to the U.S. dollar under China’s currency exchange system, our operating costs will continue to increase, and if China adopts a different or more flexible system of currency exchange resulting in greater appreciation of the RMB to the U.S. dollar, our operating costs could increase even more. In either event, such appreciation would adversely affect our financial results in a manner similar to the effects we have suffered, and may in the future suffer, as a consequence of our increasing labor costs.
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For a discussion of the risks to our business from increases in our costs of labor, please see the risk factor immediately above entitled “The economy of China has been experiencing significant growth, leading to inflation and increased labor costs. Increases in labor costs of workers in the PRC generally, and in the Province where our manufacturing facilities are located particularly, have had and can be expected to continue to have a material and adverse effect on our operating results.”
If OEMs stop or reduce their manufacturing outsourcing, our business could suffer.
Our revenues depend on outsourcing by OEMs to us and to other contract manufactures for which we manufacture end-products or parts and components. Current and prospective customers continuously evaluate our capabilities against other providers as well as against the merits of manufacturing products themselves. Our business would be adversely affected if OEMs decide to perform these functions internally. Similarly, we depend on new outsourcing opportunities to militate against lost revenues arising from the decline in demand for our customers’ products as a consequence of the currentprevailing global economic slowdown,conditions, and our business would be adversely affected if we are not successful in gaining additional business from these opportunities or if OEMs do not outsource additional manufacturing business.
We could experience credit problems with our customers, which could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition and could adversely reduce our future revenues.
We manufacture and sell injection-molded plastic parts and components and provide manufacturing services for electrical products and subassemblies to companies and industries that have in the past, and may in the future, experience financial difficulty, particularly in light of recent conditions in the credit markets and the overall worldwide economy. For information on the concentration of our credit risk, see Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included later in this Report.
If our customers experience financial difficulty, we could have problems recovering amounts owed to us from these customers, or demand for our products and services from these customers could decline. If one or more of our customers, particularly customers to which we have extended substantial credit and which have become material account debtors on our accounts receivables, were to become insolvent or otherwise were unable to pay for the products or services provided by us on a timely basis, or at all, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. Such adverse effects could include one or more of the following:
Because material amounts of our funds are held in banks where only limited protection on deposit accounts is required, the failure of any bank in which we deposit our funds could result in a loss of those funds to the extent exceeding the amounts protected and could, depending on the amount involved, affect our ability to continue in business.
At March 31, 2013, we had cash on hand of $32.0 million and time deposits maturing over three months of $8.7 million, which were invested in short-term interest bearing investments at banks or other financial institutions. Of that amount, approximately $16.8 million was held in banks and other financial institutions in Hong Kong, $3.8 million in Macao and $11.4 million in the PRC. The Hong Kong government provides deposit protection up to a maximum amount of HK$500,000 (approximately US$64,500 based on the midpoint exchange rate for June 30, 2013 reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at http:// www.oanda.com/currency/ historical-rates/) for each depositor in any individual bank in Hong Kong, and the Macao government provides deposit protection up to a maximum amount of MOP$500,000 (approximately US$62,000 based on the midpoint exchange rate for June 30, 2013 reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at http:// www.oanda.com/currency/ historical-rates/) for each depositor with any individual bank in Macao. We understand that in the event of a bank failure of a bank in the PRC, a PRC-government agency is to provide some, unspecified, protections of deposit accounts to individual depositors. After three interest rate hikes in 2011, there were recommendations in early 2012 from China’s economists that a formal insurance system from China’s central bank is necessary to protect depositors’ assets. However, we are not
| 9 |
aware of the amount or limit of deposit protection that may be provided by the PRC government. Depending upon the amounts of funds we have on deposit in a Hong Kong, Macao or PRC financial institution that fails, our inability to have immediate access to our cash, and the lack of deposit protection in excess of applicable protection limits, couldimpair our operations, and, if we are not able to access needed funds to pay our suppliers, employees and other creditors, we may be unable tocontinue in business.
Our industry is extremely competitive, with aggressive pricing dynamics, and;and if we are not able to continue to provide competitive products and services, we may lose business.
We compete with a number of different companies in producing of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electrical products and subassemblies and metallic molds and accessories. For example, we compete with Asian-based manufacturers and/or suppliers of injection-molded plastic parts and components, major global electronic manufacturing services, or EMS, providers, other smaller EMS companies that have a regional or product-specific focus, and original design manufacturers with respect to some of the services that we provide. We also compete with our current and prospective customers, who evaluate our capabilities in light of their own capabilities and cost structures. Our market segments are extremely competitive, many of our competitors have achieved substantial market share and many have lower cost structures and greater manufacturing, financial or other resources than we do. We face particular competition from Asian-based competitors, including Taiwanese EMS providers which compete in our end markets. If we are unable to provide comparable manufacturing services and improved products at lower cost than the other companies in our market, our net sales could decline.
Uncertainty and adverse changes in the economy and financial markets may also increase the competitive environment in our market segments which could also impact our operating results. In addition, the EMS industry is currently experiencing excess manufacturing capacity and has seen increased competition. TheseTo stay competitive, we have had retired some old machines and reinvested in some state of the art ones in order to best achieve high efficiency, precision and quality.
Nonetheless, the above factors have exerted and will continue to exert additional pressures on pricing for injection-molded plastic parts and components and for our electronic manufacturing services, thereby increasing the competitive pressures in our market segments generally. We may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, and the competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on us.
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The primary materials used by us in the manufacture of our plastic injection molded products are various plastic resins. The following table shows our cost of plastic resins as a percentage of our cost of plastic products sold and as a percentage of our total costs of goods sold for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010:2013:
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We have no long-term contracts with our resin suppliers. Accordingly, our financial performance is dependent to a significant extent on resin markets and the ability to pass through price increases to our customers. The capacity, supply and demand for plastic resins and the petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced are subject to cyclical price fluctuations, including those arising from supply shortages. Consequently, resin prices may fluctuate as a result of changes in natural gas and crude oil prices and the capacity, supply and demand for resin and petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced. Over the past several years, oil prices have experienced significant volatility, remain extremely uncertain and have been increasing. Sustained increases in oil prices could result in higher costs for plastic resins. We have found that increases in resin prices are difficult to pass on to our customers. In the past, increases in resin prices have increased our costs of goods sold and adversely affected our profitoperating margins. A significant increase in resin prices in the future could likewise adversely affect our profitoperating margins and results of operations.
Shortages of components and our profit margins and net income could suffer from an increase in component prices and our results of operations could suffer from shortages of required electronic components.
From time to time, we have experienced shortages of some of the electronic components that we need and use in our electronics manufacturing market segment.These shortages can result from strong demand for those components or from problems experienced by suppliers. These unanticipated component shortages could result in curtailed production or delays in production, which may prevent us from making scheduled shipments to customers. Our inability to make scheduled shipments could cause us to experience a reduction in sales, increase in inventory levels and costs, and could adversely affect relationships with existing and prospective customers. Component shortages may also increase our cost of goods sold because we may be required to pay higher prices for components in short supply and redesign or reconfigure products to accommodate substitute components. As a result, component shortages could adversely affect our operating results. Our performance depends, in part, on our ability to incorporate changes in component costs into the selling prices for our products.
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Certain of the electronic products we manufacture, particularly those for customers whose orders are widely spaced at irregular intervals for small lots of customized products, require components from single-source or customer-designated suppliers. Shortages of specific components often result in the suppliers allocating available quantities among their customers based on volume and purchasing history. Generally, we lack sufficient bargaining power with these suppliers to assure a stable supply of needed components. Delays in our obtaining, or our inability to obtain, these materials could slow production, delay shipments to our customers, increase our costs and hamper our operating results.
We face inventory risks from by providing turnkey manufacturing of electronic products.
Periods in which we receive rapid increases in orders with the lengthening of lead times by suppliers could cause a shortage of materials needed for us to fulfill orders received from customers expecting normal or accelerated delivery. A shortage of materials could lengthen production schedules and costs substantially, particularly for orders from our customers placed for short-term or rapid delivery and could force us to seek and purchase needed components at premium prices, which would increase our costs of goods sold and reduce our operating margins.
The Chinese government could change its policies toward or even nationalize private enterprise, which could result in the total loss of our investment in that country.
Our manufacturing facilities are located in China. As a result, our operations and assets are subject to significant political, economic, legal and other uncertainties associated with doing business in China. Over the past several years, the Chinese government has pursued economic reform policies including the encouragement of private economic activity and greater economic decentralization. The Chinese government may not continue to
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pursue these policies or may significantly alter them to our detriment from time to time without notice. Changes in policies by the Chinese government resulting in changes in laws, regulations, or their interpretation, or the imposition of confiscatory taxation, restrictions on currency conversion or imports and sources of supply could materially and adversely affect us. The nationalization or other expropriation of private enterprises by the Chinese government could result in the total loss of our investment in that country.
There may be a lack of remedies and impartiality under the Chinese legal system that prevents us from enforcing the agreements under which we operate our factories.
We do not own the land on which our factories in China are located. We occupy our manufacturing facilities under land use agreements or under tenancy agreements with the local Chinese government. These agreements may be difficult to enforce in China, which could force us to accept terms that may not be as favorable as those provided in our agreements. Unlike the U.S., China has a civil law system based on written statutes in which judicial decisions have little precedential value. The Chinese government has enacted some laws and regulations dealing with matters such as corporate organization and governance, foreign investment, commerce, taxation and trade. However, their experience in implementing, interpreting and enforcing these laws and regulations is limited, and our ability to enforce commercial claims or to resolve commercial disputes is unpredictable. These matters may be subject to the exercise of considerable discretion by agencies of the Chinese government, and forces unrelated to the legal merits of a particular matter or dispute may influence their determination.
If our business licenses in China were not renewed, we would be required to move our operations out of China, which would impair our profitability,financial results, competitiveness and market position and jeopardize our ability to continue operations.
Our activities in China require business licenses, the scope of which is limited to our present activities, and require review and approval of our activities by various national and local agencies of Chinese government. The Chinese government may not continue to approve our activities, grant or renew our licenses or grant or renew licenses to expand our existing activities. Our inability to obtain needed approvals or licenses could prevent us from continuing to conduct operations in China. If for any reason we were required to move our manufacturing operations outside of China, our profitabilityfinancial results would be substantially impaired, our competitiveness and market position would be materially jeopardized and we may not be able to continue operations.
Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover losses related to major accidents, forces of nature or product liability risks.
Risks associated with our business include risk of damage to our stock in trade, goods and merchandise, furniture and equipment and factory buildings in China. At March 31, 2013, we maintained fire, casualty and theft insurance aggregating approximately $80.7 million covering damages to fixed and movable assets, equipment, manufacturing facilities in China and furniture and fixtures at our facilities. The proceeds of this insurance may not be sufficient to cover material damage to, or the loss of, any of our factories due to fire, severe weather, flood, forces of nature, such as major earthquakes, which are common in China, or other causes, such asnatural disasters. We may experience difficulty or delays in receiving compensation from the 2008 earthquake that devastated areas in Sichuan province in Chinainsurance companies and the 2010 earthquake that killedmay not receive insurance proceeds adequate to compensate us fully for a potential loss. Although we maintain insurance addressing damage to and injured over 14,000 peopledestruction to our facilities and damaged many buildings in Yushu County in China’s Southern Qinghai province. The epicenters of those earthquakes were about 850 and 1,450 miles, respectively, from our factories in Dongguan, China. Weequipment, we do not maintain anyhave business interruption insurance or earthquake insurance.
Despite quality assurance measures, there remains a risk that defects may occur in our products. The occurrence of any defects in our products could give rise to liability for damages caused by such defects. They could, moreover, impair the market’s acceptance of our products. At March 31, 2010,2013, we had only limited product liability insurance. Although we have not experienced any product quality claims from our majorsignificant customers, if future claims do arise, costs to defend, adverse judgments or amounts we may be forced to pay in settlement would increase our expenses. Damages toIf we incur losses which are not covered under our reputation resultinginsurance, or the amount of compensation that we receive from such claim(s)the insurer is significantly less than the actual loss, our financial condition and results of operations could cause our customers to use other vendors which would hurt our revenues.
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Under PRC law, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits with respect to our subsidiaries in the PRC refers to after-tax profits as determined in accordance with accounting principles and
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financial regulations applicable to PRC enterprises (“China GAAP”) less any recovery of accumulated losses and allocations to statutory funds that it is required to make. Any distributable profits that are not distributed in a given year are retained and available for distribution in subsequent years. The calculation of distributable profits under China GAAP differs in many respects from the calculation under U.S. GAAP. As a result, our subsidiaries in PRC may not be able to pay any dividend in a given year as determined under U.S. GAAP. The China’s tax authorities may require changes in determining income of the Company that would limit its ability to pay dividends and make other distributions. PRC law requires companies, including our PRC subsidiaries, to reserve about 10% of their profits for future development and staff welfare, which amounts are not distributable as dividends. These rules and possible changes to them could restrict our PRC subsidiaries from repatriating funds ultimately to us and our stockholders as dividends.
Prior to the new unified enterprise income tax (“EIT”("EIT") law, which became effective in China on January 1, 2008, PRC-organized companies were exempt from withholding taxes with respect to earnings distributions, or dividends, paid to shareholders of PRC companies outside the PRC, such as was the case when our PRC subsidiaries distributed portions of their earnings to our offshore subsidiaries. However, under the new EIT Law, dividends payable to foreign investors which are derived from sources within the PRC are subject to income tax at the rate of 10% by way of withholding unless the foreign investors are companies incorporated in countries which have a tax treaty agreement with PRC and the rate agreed by both parties will be applied. As a result of this new PRC withholding tax, amounts available to us in earnings distributions from our PRC enterprises have been reduced. Since we derive most of our profitsthe funds distributed to shareholders from our subsidiaries in the PRC, the reduction in amounts available for distribution from our PRC enterprises could, depending on the income generated by our PRC subsidiaries, force us to reduce, or possibly eliminate, the dividends we have paid to our shareholders historically. For this reason, or other factors, we may decide not to declare dividends in the future. If we do pay dividends, we will determine the amounts when they are declared and even if we do declare dividends in the future, we may not continue them in any future period.
Under the China’s EIT Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes, which may subject us to PRC enterprise income tax for any dividends we receive from our Chinese subsidiaries and to PRC income tax withholding for any dividends we pay to our non-PRC stockholders.
Under the PRC’s newPRC's EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China whose “de facto management bodies” are located in China is considered a “resident enterprise” and is subject to the 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. The new EIT Law and its implementing rules are relatively new, and currently, no official interpretation or application of this new “resident enterprise” classification is available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine the tax residency of enterprises established outside of China.
All of our manufacturing operations are conducted and managed in the PRC. Our corporate structure, illustrating our incorporation in British Virgin Islands and our ownership of companies inside and outside of China, is set forth on page 1921 of this Report. If the PRC tax authorities determine that our holding company structure utilizing companies outside of China is a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income. The “resident enterprise” classification also could subject us to a 10% withholding tax on any dividends we pay to our non-PRC stockholders if the relevant PRC authorities determine that such income is PRC-sourced income. In addition to the uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of the new “resident enterprise” classification, the new EIT Law may change in the future, possibly with retroactive effect. If we are classified as a “resident enterprise” and we incur these tax liabilities, our net incomefinancial results would decreasebe negatively impacted accordingly.
Transactions between our determination regarding our PFIC status under US income tax laws and seeks to treat us as a PFIC, US holders of our shares couldsubsidiaries may be subject to potentially adversescrutiny by the PRC tax consequences.
The PRC's EIT Law emphasizes the requirement of an arm’s-length basis for transfer pricing transactions between related parties. It requires enterprises with transactions between related parties, such as transactions between our subsidiaries located inside and outside of China, to prepare transfer pricing documentation that includes the book valuebasis for determining pricing, the computation methodology and detailed explanations. We could face material and adverse consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that transactions between our subsidiaries do not represent arm’s-length pricing and are thereby deemed tax avoidance, or determine that related documentation does not meet the requirements of our assetsthe EIT Law. Such determinations could result in increased tax liabilities of the affected subsidiaries and the total market value, or market cap, of our shares at the end of each quarter of our fiscal yearpotentially subject them to late payment interest and other penalties.
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Historically, the United States has been the major or significant geographical area of our product sales in terms of shipping destinations. While China has been granted permanent most favored nation trade status in the United States, controversies between the United States and China may arise that threaten the status quo involving trade between the United States and China. These controversies could adversely affect our business by, among other things, causing our products in the United States to become more expensive, which could result in a reduction in the demand for our products by customers in the United States. Political or trade friction between the United States and China, whether or not actually affecting our business, could also adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common shares. This risk has increased in recent years as our sales into the United States have accounted for significant amounts of our global sales.
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| Exchange ratio of RMB to US$1.00 at March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
| Ratio | % change(1) | Ratio | % change(2) | Ratio | % change(2) | Ratio | % change(2) | Ratio | % change(2) | |||||||||
| 1:8.017 | 1.16% | 1:7.730 | 3.58% | 1:7.012 | 9.29% | 1:6.834 | 2.54% | 1:6.826 | 0.11% | |||||||||
Restrictions on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currency may limit our ability to transfer excess funds or dividends to the company’sCompany’s subsidiaries outside China.
Our manufacturing operations are conducted by our subsidiaries located in China and funds are frequently transferred into our subsidiaries in China. Thus, any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to transfer excess funds or dividends outside China. Although the PRC government introduced regulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restriction that foreign-invested enterprises may only buy, sell and/or remit foreign currencies at those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business after providing valid commercial documents. The Chinese regulatory authorities may impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of RMB, especially with respect to foreign exchange transactions.
Political and economic instability of Hong Kong and Macao could harm our operations.
Our administration and accounting office are located in Macao, formerly a Portuguese Colony, and some of our customers and suppliers are located in Hong Kong, formerly a British Crown Colony. Sovereignty over Macao and Hong Kong was transferred to China effective on December 20, 1999 and July 1, 1997, respectively. Since their transfers, Macao and Hong Kong have become Special Administrative Regions of China, enjoying a high degree of autonomy except for foreign and defense affairs. Moreover, China’s political system and policies are not practiced in Macao or Hong Kong. Under the principle of “one country, two systems,” Macao and Hong Kong maintain legal systems that are different from that of China. Macao’s legal system is based on the Basic Law of the Macao Special
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The PRC’s national labor law restrictrestricts our ability to reduce our workforce if the economic downturn continues.
In June 2007, the National People’sPeople's Congress of the PRC enacted new labor law legislation, called the Labor Contract Law, whichand that law became effective on January 1, 2008. It formalizesThe law formalized workers’ rights concerning overtime hours, pensions, layoffs, employment contracts and the role of trade unions. Considered one of the strictest labor laws in the world, among other things, this new law requires an employer to conclude an “open-ended employment contract” with any employee who either has worked for the employer for 10 years or more or has had two consecutive fixed-term contracts. An “open-ended employment contract” is in effect a lifetime, permanent contract, which is terminable only in specified circumstances, such as a material breach of the employer’semployer's rules and regulations, or for a serious dereliction of duty. Such employment contracts with qualifying workers would not be terminable if, for example, Deswellwe determined to downsize itsour workforce in the event of an economic downturn. Under the 2007 law, downsizing by 20% or more may occur only under specified circumstances, such as a restructuring undertaken pursuant to China’s Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, or where a company suffers serious difficulties in production and/or business operations. Also, if we lay off more than 20 employees or 10% at one time, we have to
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communicate with the labor union of our Company and report to the District Labor Bureau. Deswell’s entire staff, who are employed to work exclusively within the PRC, is covered by the new law. In response to the worldwide economic downturn,prevailing business conditions, we reduced our workforce by 2000 in fiscal 2009930, 650 and another 150 in fiscal 2010. However, we may be forced to further downsize our workforce if global economic conditions do not improve or worsen248 during the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
We may incur much higher costs under China’s labor lawsLabor Contract Law if we are forced to do so.downsize our workforce in the future. Accordingly, this law can be expected to exacerbate the adverse effect of theunfavorable economic environmentconditions on our results of operations and financial condition.
Our customers are dependent on shipping companies for delivery of our products and interruptions to shipping could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Generally, we sell our products F.O.B. Hong Kong or F.O.B. China and our customers are responsible for the transportation of products from Hong Kong or China to their final destinations. Our customers rely on a variety of carriers for product transportation through various world ports. A work stoppage, strike or shutdown of one or more major ports or airports could result in shipping delays materially and adversely affecting our customers, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Similarly, an increase in freight surcharges due to rising fuel costs or general price increases could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Protecting, seeking licenses for, or asserting claims over, intellectual property could be costly.
We usually rely on trade secrets, industry expertise and the sharing with us by our customers of their intellectual property. However, there can be no assurance that intellectual property that we use in our business does not violate rights in such property belonging to others. We may be notified that we are infringing patents, copyright or other intellectual property rights owned by other parties. In the event of an infringement claim, we may be required to spend a significant amount of money to develop a non-infringing alternative or to obtain licenses. We may not be successful in developing alternatives or in obtaining licenses on reasonable terms, if at all. Any litigation, even without merit, could result in substantial costs and could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our strategy has been to evaluate trade names and trademarks, and to consider seeking patents, where we believe that such trade names, trademarks or patents would be available and adequate to protect our rights to products or processes that we consider material to our business. To the extent we do seek to obtain trade names, trademarks or patents, we may be required to institute litigation in order to enforce them or other intellectual property rights to protect our business interests. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and could adversely affect sales, profitabilityfinancial results and growth.
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The end markets we serve can experience major swings in demand which, in turn, can significantly impact our operations. Our financial performance depends on our customers’customers' ability to compete and succeed in their markets, which, apparently has been, and could continue to be, affected directly by the currentprevailing global economic conditions. The majority of our customers’customers' products are characterized by rapid changes in technologies, increased standardization of technologies and shortening of product lifecycles. In many instances, our customers have experienced severe revenue erosion, pricing and margin pressures, and excess inventories during the past fewrecent years.
We could suffer losses from corrupt or fraudulent business practices. Conducting business in China is inherently risky.
Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft, and other fraudulent practices areremain common in China. For example, in fiscal 2006, we recorded a provision of approximately $1 million for doubtful sales transactions, consisting of orders primarily from three customers for products of the metallic parts division of our electronic & metallic parts business segment that had been shown as shipped to, and received by, the customers but in fact had been surreptitiously cancelled without shipment. Documentation reflecting the cancellation of the orders was uncovered following the departure of the General Manager of the Company’sCompany's metallic parts division who, with the assistance of a former Production and Materials Control Supervisor in that division had concealed such documentation. We could suffer additional losses from similar or other fraudulent practices if we are not successful in implementing and maintaining preventative measures.
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Because our operations are international, we are subject to significant worldwide political, economic, legal and other uncertainties.
We are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and have subsidiaries incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, Hong Kong, Macao, Samoa and China. Our administrative and accounting office is located in Macao. We manufacture all of our products in China. As of March 31, 2010,2013, approximately 60.6%66.3% of the net book value of our total identifiable assets was located in China. We sell our products to customers principally in China, the United States, China, United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Europe (the United Kingdom, Norway and Southeast Asia.Holland) and Canada. Our international operations may be subject to significant political and economic risks and legal uncertainties, including:
| changes in international and domestic customs regulations, | |||
The occurrence or consequences of any of these factors may restrict our ability to operate in the affected region and decrease the profitability ofnegatively impact our operations in that region.
We depend on our executive officers, senior managers and skilled personnel.
Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our executive officers as well as upon our ability to attract and retain qualified technical, manufacturing and marketing personnel. Generally, our executive officers and senior managers are not bound by employment or non-competition agreements and we cannot assure you that we will be able retain them. The loss of service of any of our officers or key management personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We do not have key person insurance on our executive officers. We believe that our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled executive, technical and management personnel and if we are not able to do so, our business and operating results could be harmed.
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Our operations create some environmentally sensitive waste that may increase in the future depending on the nature of our manufacturing operations. The general issue of the disposal of hazardous waste has received increasing attention from Chinese national and local governments and foreign governments and agencies and has been subject to increasing regulation. Currently, relevant Chinese environmental protection laws and regulations impose fines on discharge of waste materials and empower certain environmental authorities to close any facility which causes serious environmental problems. Although it has not been alleged that we have violated any current environmental regulations by China government officials, the Chinese government could amend its current environmental protection laws and regulations. Our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected if we were to increase expenditures to comply with environmental regulations affecting our operations.
In addition, we could face significant costs and liabilities in connection with product take-back legislation, which enables customers to return a product at the end of its useful life and charge us with financial and other responsibility for environmentally safe collection, recycling, treatment and disposal. We also face increasing complexity in our product design and procurement operations as we adjust to new and upcoming requirements relating to the materials composition of our electronic products, including the restrictions on lead and certain other substances in electronics that apply to specified electronics products put on the market in the European Union as of July 1, 2006 (Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (RoHS)). The labeling provisions of similar legislation in China went into effect on March 1, 2007. Consequently, many suppliers of products sold into the EU countries have required their suppliers to be compliant with the new directive. Many of these customers in our electronic division have adopted this approach and have required our full compliance. Though we have devoted a significant amount of resources and effort planning and executing our RoHS program, it is possible that some of our products might be incompatible with such regulations. In such event, we could experience the loss of revenue, damageddamages to our reputation, diversion of resources, monetary penalties, and legal
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action. Other environmental regulations may require us to reengineer our products to utilize components that are more environmentally compatible. Such reengineering and component substitution may result in additional costs to us. Although we currently do not anticipate any material adverse effects based on the nature of our operations and the effect of such laws, there is no assurance that such existing laws or future laws will not have a material adverse effect on us.
Power shortages in China could affect our business.
We consume substantial amounts of electricity in our manufacturing processes at our production facilities in China. Certain parts of China, including areas where our manufacturing facilities are located, have been subject to power shortages in recent years. We have experienced a number of power shortages at our production facilities in China to date. We are sometimes given advance notice of power shortages and in relation to this we currently have a backup power system. However, there can be no assurance that in the future our backup power system will be completely effective in the event of a power shortage, particularly if that power shortage is over a sustained period of time and/or we are not given advance notice of it. Any power shortage, brownout or blackout for a significant period of time may disrupt our manufacturing, and as a result, may have an adverse impact on our business.
In the future, we may be required to write down long-lived assets and these impairment charges would adversely affect our future operating results.
As of March 31, 2013, our balance sheet included approximately $42.7 million in long-lived assets. Under applicable accounting rules, we review long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Valuation of our long-lived assets requires us to make various assumptions and these assumptions are used to forecast future, undiscounted cash flows. Given the significant uncertainty and instability of macroeconomic conditions on our business in recent periods, forecasting future business remains difficult and subject to modification. If actual market conditions differ or our forecasts change, we may be required to reassess long-lived assets and could record an impairment charge. For example, because of the impact during fiscal 2011 on our injection molded plastics business of the world-wide economic slowdown prevailing in that period, we recorded non-cash impairment charges to property, plant and equipment used in that segment of $4.5 million, more than doubling the total operating loss we would have otherwise reported for the year ended March 31, 2011. Although we took no impairment charges during the year ended March 31, 2012, we recorded an impairment charge of $197,000 on property, plant and equipment used in our plastic manufacturing operations for the year ended March 31, 2013. If we are required to take substantial impairment charges in future periods, our earnings would be decreased or our losses would be increased in the period or periods in which the charges occur.
A material failure of internal control over financial reporting could materially impact the Company’s financial results.
In designing and evaluating its internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any internal control or procedure, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Management believes that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting currently provides reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. However, no system of internal controls can be designed to provide absolute assurance of effectiveness. SeeItem 15 Controls and Procedures below.later in this Report. A material failure of internal control over financial reporting could materially impact the Company’s reported financial results and the market price of its stock could significantly decline. Additionally, adverse publicity related to a material failure of internal control over financial reporting could have a negative effect on the Company’s reputation and business.
Our auditor, like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in China, is not permitted to be subject to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and as such, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection.
Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included in our annual reports filed with the SEC, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Because our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where PCAOB is
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currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the PRC authorities, our auditor, like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in China, is currently not inspected by PCAOB.
Inspections of other firms that PCAOB has conducted outside of China have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality.
Potential new accounting pronouncements are likely to impact our future financial position and results of operations and in the case of FASB’s pronouncement regarding the expensing of stock options have adversely impacted, and will in the future, adversely impact our financial results.
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles of the United States of America “US GAAP”. A change in these accounting principles and policies, especially as interpreted by the Securities and Exchange Commission and The NASDAQ Stock Market, may have an impact on our future financial position and results of operations. Historically, regulatory changes, such as the requirement of the Financial Accounting Standards Board to expense stock options grants, and other legislative initiatives have increased our general and administrative costs and future changes could have a similar adverse impact on our financial results.
The concentration of share ownership in our senior management allows them to control or substantially influence the outcome of matters requiring shareholder approval.
On June 30, 2010,2013, members of our senior management and Board of Directors as a group beneficially owned approximately 20.4%23.0% of our outstanding common shares. As a result, acting together, they may be able to control or at least substantially influence the outcome of all matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This ability may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of Deswell, or causing a change in control of Deswell that may not be favored by our other shareholders.
Our board’s ability to amend our charter without shareholder approval could have anti-takeover effects that could prevent a change in control.
As permitted by the law of the British Virgin Islands, our Memorandum and Articles of Association, which are the terms used in the British Virgin Islands for a corporation’s charter and bylaws, may be amended by our board of directors without shareholder approval provided that a majority of our independent directors do not vote against the amendment. This includes amendments to increase or reduce our authorized capital stock or to create from time to time and issue one or more classes of preference shares (which are analogous to preferred stock of corporations organized in the United States). Our board’s ability to amend our charter documents without shareholder approval, including its ability to create and issue preference shares, could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of Deswell, including a tender offer to purchase our common shares at a premium over the then current market price.
Our exemptions from certain of the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act limits the protections and information afforded to investors.
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt or excluded from certain provisions applicable to United States public companies including:
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In addition, because we are a foreign private issuer, certain of the corporate governance standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market that are applied to domestic companies having securities included on The NASDAQ Stock Market are not applicable to us. For example, as a foreign private issuer organized under the law of the British
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| • | Rule 5605(b)(2): Our independent directors do not meet in executive session; |
| • | Rule 5605(d): Our board does not have a compensation committee and compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers is neither determined nor recommended to the board by a majority of our independent directors; and |
| • | Rule 5605(e): Nominees for appointment as our directors are not selected or recommended by either a majority of our independent directors, or a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors. |
Because of these exemptions or exclusions, investors are not afforded the same protections or information generally available to investors in public companies organized in the United States and having securities included on The Nasdaq Stock Market.
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Corporate Information
Deswell Industries Inc. was founded in 1987 in Hong Kong and moved its manufacturing operations to China in 1990 to take advantage of lower overhead cost, competitive labor rate and tax concessions available in Shenzhen, China as compared with Hong Kong.
We were reincorporated in December 1993 as a limited liability International Business Company under the laws ofBritish Virgin Islands International Business Companies Act, 1984 (“the IBCA Act”). Effective on January 1, 2007, the British Virgin Islands. Islands repealed the IBCA Act, and simultaneously with such repeal, we were automatically re-registered under the BVI’s corporate law replacing the IBCA Act, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004
The Company’s registered agent in the British Virgin Islands is Harneys Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. The Company’s principal administrative office is located in 17B, Edificio Comercial Rodrigues, 599 Avenida da Praia Grande, Macao, and its telephone number is (853) 283220962832-2096 and its facsimile number is (853) 28323265.2832-3265. Our principal manufacturing facilities and operations are currently based in Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
Important Events in Deswell’s Development that Have Occurred since April 1, 2009
In August 2009, Deswell entered into an agreement with a third party to sell real property in Shekou, Shenzhen, China that was formerly used for its plastic injection molding operations for RMB 50,000,000 (approximately $7.3 million, based on an exchange rate of 1:6.8309 on August 5, 2009 as reported on http://forex-history.net). The Company originally purchased the property, which consists of approximately 112,900 square feet of manufacturing space, in fiscal 2001 for approximately $1,461,000. In 2007,March 2012, the Company completedannounced that its board of directors had unanimously approved, a share repurchase program authorizing Deswell’s management to purchase up to $4 million of Deswell’s outstanding common shares during the transitionnext two years. The program does not obligate Deswell to acquire any particular number or dollar amount of its injection molding plastic manufacturing operations to a newly constructedcommon shares and substantially larger facility in Houjie, Dongguan, China, closedmay be suspended, modified, extended or discontinued at any time. During the Shekou plant and held it for sale until the sale was consummated.
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Organizational Structure
The following diagram illustrates the organizational structure of the Company and its active subsidiaries at March 31, 2010.2013.
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Principal capital expenditures and divestitures made by Deswell during the three years in the period ended March 31, 2010 include2013 included the following (dollar amounts in thousands):
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | $ | 7,288 | $ | 7,402 | $ | 1,606 | ||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment, net of transaction costs | 333 | 345 | 5,528 | |||||||||
| Acquisition of non-controlling interest in a subsidiary | 414 | — | — | |||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | $ | 1,034 | $ | 282 | $ | 951 | ||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and | ||||||||||||
| equipment, net of transaction costs | 87 | 314 | 96 | |||||||||
Our major capital expenditures in fiscal 20102013 included:
Our major capital expenditures in fiscal 20092012 included:
Our major capital expenditures in fiscal 20082011 included:
All of the foregoing capital expenditures were financed principally from internally generated funds and our current plan is to continue to use internally generated funds principally to finance future capital expenditures.
As of March 31, 2009, the Company had completed the first three phases to construct its own manufacturing plant and dormitory buildings in Houjie, Dongguan China with an aggregate of approximately 1.3 million square feet of land acquired from the local government in January 2000. Through March 31, 2009, we had spent an aggregate of $58 million to equip and furnish the plant and buildings for operations.
The current plant facility has reached its full capacity and management believes that it is sufficient for the Company’s existing requirements. Thus, the Company has postponed Phase IV of construction, to consistconsisting of previously planned additionaladditions of two dormitory units and two other buildings, is planned for the long-term.buildings. We intendmay choose to commenceinaugurate this last phase of construction with internally generated funds when we believe thatif additional production capacity may beis required in the future. However, we may choose to obtain debt or equity financing if we believe it appropriate to accelerate the last phase of the construction of our facilities or for future expansion.
Business Overview
We are an independent manufacturer of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electronic products and subassemblies and metallic molds and accessory parts for original equipment manufacturers, or “OEMs” and contract manufacturers. We conduct all of our manufacturing activities at separate plastics, electronics and metallic operation factories located in the People’s Republic of China. Beginning in January 2005, we also began to engage in the business of distributing audio equipment in China.
We produce a wide variety of plastic parts and components that are used in the manufacture of consumer and industrial products, using different plastic injection technologies, such as film injection, integrated injection and insert injection. The products include:
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| cases and key tops for personal organizers and remote controls; | |||
Electronic products manufactured by the Company includeinclude:
| high end home theatre audio products, such as 7.1-channel audio-visual Hi-Fi stereo receivers-amplifiers; | |||
Metal products manufactured by the Company include metallic molds and accessory parts used in audio equipment, telephones, copying machines, pay telephones, multimedia stations, automatic teller machines, vending machines, etc.
As part of its manufacturing operations, the Company consults with its customers in the design of plastic parts and the design and production of the molds used to manufacture plastic parts, which are made by Deswell at its customers’ expense, and provides advice and assistance in the design and manufacturing of printed circuit boards. The Company believes that its ability to manufacture high-end plastic and metal parts of the quality required by OEMs and contract manufacturers which furnish products and services internationally, Deswell’s expertise in designing and manufacturing molds for its customers and the Company’s low production costs distinguish Deswell from most other manufacturers of plastic products and provide it with a competitive advantage. However, this advantage has been difficult to maintain as a result of increased competition and increased production overheads during the last three fiscal years.
Industry Overview
Management believes that the injection molding and metal molds and parts manufacturing industries have each benefited in recent years from a trend among major users of injection molded and metal products to outsource an increasing portion of the parts requirements and to select a small number of suppliers or a sole supplier to provide those products. The Company is not aware of any empirical data defining the manufacturing industry in China, however, management believes that injection molding and metal manufacturing firms which are much smaller than the Company make up the largest segment of the industry in China. The Company’s experience indicates that such smaller firms are often unable to react quickly and responsively to the diverse demands of many customers and are not capable of furnishing the level of quality that high-end plastic and metal products require. Management believes that this inability on the part of these smaller manufacturers has created opportunities for the Company to increase sales by catering to the outsourcing requirements of OEMs and contract manufacturers that manufacture such high-end products.
Similarly, as a result of the recognition by OEMs in the electronics industry of the rising costs of operating a manufacturing site and the need to add more sophisticated and expensive manufacturing processes and equipment, OEMs have turned increasingly to outside contract manufacturers. By doing so, OEMs are able to focus on research, product conception, design and development, marketing and distribution, and to rely on the production expertise of contract manufacturers. Other benefits to OEMs of using contract manufacturing include: access to manufacturers in regions with low labor and overhead costs, reduced time to market, reduced capital investment, improved inventory management, improved purchasing power and improved product quality. In addition, the use of contract manufacturers has helped OEMs manage production in view of increasingly shorter product life cycles.
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Operations
Plastic injection molding manufacturing accounted for 40.9%50.9%, 55.7%43.7% and 57.6%49.4% of the Company’s total sales during the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, respectively. At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company conducted its plastic manufacturing operations in approximately 1,070,000 square feet of factory space in its factory located in Dongguan, Guangzhou, China.
The Company’s plastic injection molding process consists of three phases: (1) mold design and production; (2) plastic injection; and (3) finishing.
Mold design and production
The plastic injection-molding process begins when a customer provides the Company with specifications for a product or part, which specifications are often created in consultation with the Company’s technical staff. Next the Company designs and produces the mold, using great care in the design process and in the selection of materials to produce the mold in an effort to create a high quality appearance of the completed product by reducing or eliminating potential flaws such as the sinkage of materials and irregularities in the knit line of joints. The mold-making process ranges from 30 to 110 days, depending on the size and complexity of the mold. Mold making requires specialized machines and is capital intensive. At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company used 30 EDMs (electrical discharge machines), 32 CNC (computer numerical control) milling machines and 83 NC (numerical control) milling machines in the mold-making process.
Molds produced by the Company generally weigh from 110 to 17,60030,000 pounds and generally cost between $2,000 and $200,000.
The customer generally bears the cost of producing the molds and, as is customary in the industry, the customer owns them. However, the Company maintains and stores the molds at its factory for use in production and it is Deswell’s policy generally not to make molds for customers unless the customer undertakes to store its molds at the Company’s factory and uses Deswell to manufacture the related parts. In that way, the Company seeks to use its mold-making expertise to create dependence on it for the customer’s parts requirements. Beginning in 2005, however, through its then newly created Export Tooling Department, Deswell’s began producing molds for export to customers and thus does not use those molds to manufacture related parts.
During the year ended March 31, 2010,2013, the Company made on average about 15 to 70 different molds every month.an aggregate of approximately 300 molds. Management believes that the Company’s skills and expertise in mold-making, coupled with having its facilities and operations in China, allow the Company to produce molds at costs substantially less than molds of comparable quality made in Japan, Korea and Taiwan.
Plastic Injection
During the mold-making process, suitable plastic resin for the particular product is selected and purchased. See “Raw Materials, Component Parts and Suppliers,” below. The completed mold is mounted onto injection machines, which are classified according to the clamping force (the pressure per square inch required to hold a mold in place during the injection molding process). At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company had approximately 420360 injection molding machines, ranging from 2230 to 1,6002,000 tons of clamping force, with most machines in the range of from 5586 to 380 tons. Each of the Company’s machines is capable of servicing a variety of applications and product configurations and the Company has machines, which permit the Company to fabricate plastic parts as small as a button and as large as a 3 ft. x 2 ft. case for a copy machine.
Using separate shifts, injection molding can be conducted 24 hours a day, five to seven days per week, other than during normal down time for maintenance and changing of product molds. Molding of products requiring extra concerns for appearance, such as cases for calculators, personal organizers and telephones are conducted in an isolated and dust free section of the factory. In a continuous effort to assure quality, the Company’s quality control personnel inspect the products produced from each machine generally at hourly intervals during production. When defects are discovered, the Company’s maintenance personnel inspect the mold and the machine to determine which is responsible. If the mold is the cause of the defect, it will be immediately removed from the machine and serviced or repaired by one of a team of technicians employed to maintain molds. The mold will then be remounted on the machine and production will continue. If the machine is the source of the defect, the Company’s technicians and engineers service the machine immediately. Through this continuous vigilance to molds and machines, the Company has experienced what it believes to be a relatively low scrap rate and has been able to maintain a high level of productivity of its injection molding machines.
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During the year ended March 31, 2010,2012 the Company disposed of 40 old plastic injection molding machines and did not add any new ones.
During the year ended March 31, 2013 the Company did not acquire any new plasticnor dispose of any old injection molding machines.
Finishing
After injection molding, products are finished. Finishing consists of smoothing and polishing, imprinting letters, numbers and signs through silk screening process, pad printing or epoxy ultra violet cutting, and treating the product with an anti-fog coating for a lasting and attractive appearance. Most of these functions are conducted by hand.
Electronic Products and Assemblies
In an aggregate of approximately 223,000 square feet of factory space at March 31, 20102013 located at facilities in Dongguan, China, the Company manufactures and assembles electronic products and electronic assemblies for OEMs. Finished products include consumer and sophisticated studio-quality audio equipment, IPBX and commercial telephone units, network education platforms, IP switches, routers etc. Assemblies consist of PCBs with passive (e.g., resistors, capacitors, transformers, switches and wire) and active (e.g., semiconductors and memory chips) components mounted on them. During the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, manufacturing of electronic products accounted for approximately, 56.7%49.1%, 43.4%54.5% and 42.4%49.4%, respectively, of the Company’s total sales.
In assembling printed circuit boards the Company purchases printed circuit boards, surface mounted components and chips and uses automatic insertion and pin-through-hole interconnection technologies to assemble various components onto the PCBs. Before delivery, completed PCBs are checked by in-circuit-testers and outgoing quality assurance inspections are performed.
PTH is a method of assembling printed circuit boards in which component leads are inserted and soldered into plated holes in the board. While this technology is several decades old and is labor intensive, it still has a significant market, particularly for consumer product applications.
BGA is a method of mounting an integrated circuit or other component to a PCB. Rather than using pins that consume a large area of the PCB, the component is attached to the circuit board with small balls of solder at each contact. This method allows for greater component density and is used in more complex PCBs.
SMT is the automatic process of printed circuit board assembly in which components are mounted directly to the surface of the board, rather than being inserted into holes. With this process, solder is accurately stenciled in paste form on pads located on the printed circuit board and the components are then placed onto the solder paste and fused to the melting point of the paste to establish a strong solder joint between components and the printed circuit board. The SMT process allows miniaturization of PCBs, cost savings and shorten lead paths between components (which results in faster signal speed and improved reliability). Additionally, it allows components to be placed on both sides of the printed circuit board, a major factor for the purpose of miniaturization.
Manufacturing operations include PCB assembly, wiring and testing. The process is completed by assembling the PCBs into a plastic or metal housing that comprises the finished product. Quality assurance is then conducted in accordance with the customers’ requirements before the shipment.
Metal Parts Manufacturing
In an aggregate of approximately 111,000 square feet of factory space at March 31, 20102013 located at facilities in Dongguan, China in the same complex and next to the Company’s electronic products assembly facilities, Deswell’s metal forming division manufactures metallic molds and accessory parts for use in audio equipment, routers, payphones, multimedia stations and ATMs. The Company’s metal molds and metal parts (products) manufacturing accounted for approximately 2.4%1.7% and 1.2% of Deswell’s total sales during the year ended March 31, 200831,2012 and 2013, respectively, and less than one percent of Deswell’sthe Company’s total sales during each of the years ended March 31, 2009 and 2010.for fiscal year 2011.
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Quality Control
The Company maintains strict quality control procedures for its products. At hourly intervals, the Company’s quality control personnel monitor machines and molds to assure that plastic parts are free from defects.
For electronic operations, the Company’s quality control personnel check all incoming components. Moreover, during the production stage, the Company’s quality control personnel check all work in process at several
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Plastic, electronic and metal products manufactured and assembled at the Company’s facilities have a low level of product defects, and aggregate returns represented less than 3% of total net sales during each of the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010.
In 1995, the Company earned ISO 9001 certifications for both its plastic and electronic products manufacturing operations. In April 2000, the Company also received ISO 9002 for its metal manufacturing operation. The “ISO” or International Organization for Standardization is a Geneva-based organization dedicated to the development of worldwide standards for quality management guidelines and quality assurance. ISO 9000, which is the first quality system standard to gain worldwide recognition, requires a company to gather, analyze, document and monitor and to make improvements where needed. ISO 9001 is the ISO level appropriate for manufacturers like the Company. The Company’s receipt of ISO 9001 certification demonstrates that the Company’s manufacturing operations meet the established world standards.
In August 2004, the Company’s plastic injection manufacturing plant in Dongguan also obtained ISO 14001 certification, which evidences that the Company’s environmental management standards or EMS meet established international standards. ISO 14000 is a series of international standards on environmental management, ISO 14001 is the most well-known of these standards and is often seen as the corner stone standard of the ISO 14000 series. In January 2006, the Company’s electronic and metallic manufacturing plant also obtained ISO 14001 certification.
In July 2006, Deswell obtained ISO/TS 16949 Certification for plastic injection manufacturing plant to obtain QS 9000 Certification but before completing that process elected to seek ISO/TS 16949 Certification. ISO/plant. SO/TS 16949 is an ISO Technical Specification. This specification alignsSpecification aligning existing American (QS-9000), German (VDA6.1), French (EAQF) and Italian (AVSQ) automotive quality systems standards within the global automotive industry. Together with ISO 9001:2000, ISO/TS 16949 specifies the quality system requirements for the design/development, production, installation and servicing of automotive related products. ISO/TS 16949 has been accepted as an equivalent to QS-9000, VDA6.1, AVSQ, and EAQF. ISO/TS 16949 does not replace QS-9000; but is optional and eliminates the need for multiple certifications. Deswell obtained ISO/TS 16949 Certification in July 2006.
Raw Materials, Component Parts and Suppliers
Plastic Resins.
The primary raw materials used by the Company in the manufacture of its plastic parts are various plastic resins, primarily ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). The chart shows Deswell’s average cost of ABS as a percentage of the total cost of plastic products sold and as a percentage of total cost of goods sold during its last three fiscal years.
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Because plastic resins are commodity products, the Company selects its suppliers primarily based on price. The Company has no long-term supply agreements for plastic resins. The Company currently obtains majorityselects its suppliers based on price, lead time, the brand name or those that are appointed by its customers. Most of its plastic resins are obtained from suppliers in the United States, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong and the remaining from suppliers in Mainland ChinaChina. Deswell and normally maintains a two to three month inventory supply.
The Company used in excess of 14,330,0004,358,000 pounds of plastic resins during the year ended March 31, 2010.2013. Management believes that the Company’s large volume purchases of plastic resin have generally resulted in lower
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The primary plastic resins used by the Company are produced from petrochemical intermediates derived from products of the natural gas and crude oil refining processes. Natural gas and crude oil markets have in the past experienced substantially cyclical price fluctuations as well as other market disturbances including shortages of supply and crises in the oil producing regions of the world. The capacity, supply and demand for plastic resins and the petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced are also subject to cyclical and other market factors. Consequently, plastic resin prices may fluctuate as a result of natural gas and crude oil prices and the capacity, supply and demand for resin and petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced.
Although the plastics industry has from time to time experienced shortages of plastic resins, the Company has not experienced to date any such shortages. Management believes that there are adequate sources available to meet the Company’s raw material needs.
Component Parts and Supplies
The Company purchases a wide variety of component parts from numerous suppliers and is not dependent upon any single supplier for any essential component. The Company purchases from suppliers in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, the United StatesKingdom and elsewhere.the United States. At various times there have been shortages of parts in the electronics industry, and certain components, including PCBsintegrated circuits, diodes, transistors and other semiconductors, have been subject to limited allocations.allocations by their suppliers, particularly if they are complex and/or customized for a particular use. Although shortages of parts and allocations have not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, there can be no assurance that any future shortages or allocations would not have such an effect.
For a discussion of various risks we face associated with obtaining needed components used in our manufacture of electronic products, please see “Shortages of components and materials used in our production of electronics products may delay or reduce our sales and increase our costs” and “We face inventory risks from by
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providing turnkey manufacturing of electronic products” beginning on page 11 of the Risk Factor section of this Report.
Raw Metal
The primary materials used by the Company in metal molds and parts manufacturing are various metals, but purchases of raw metal were immaterial to the Company’s total operations during the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010.2013. Typically, the Company buys metals from a variety of suppliers in Hong Kong and China and has no long-term contracts with metal suppliers.
Transportation
Transportation of components and finished products to customers in Shenzhen and to and from Hong Kong and Shenzhen and Dongguan is by truck. Generally, the Company sells its products F.O.B. China or F.O.B. Hong Kong. To date, the Company has not been materially affected by any transportation problems and has found that the transition of Hong Kong to Chinese control in July 1997 has not had an adverse impact on the Company’s ability to transport goods to and from Hong Kong and China.
Customers and Marketing
The Company’s customers are OEMs and contract manufacturers. The Company sells its products principally in China, the United States, Asia (China, Hong Kong and Thailand) and Europe (United(the United Kingdom, Holland, Norway and Germany).Holland) and Canada. Net sales to customers by geographic area are determined by reference to shipping destinations as directed by the Company’s customers. For example, if the products are delivered to the customer in Hong Kong, the sales are recorded as generated in Hong Kong; if the customer directs the Company to ship its products to Europe, the sales are recorded as sold to Europe. See Note 1416 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the dollar amounts of export sales by geographic area for each of the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010.2013. Net sales as a percentage of total sales to customers by geographic area consisted of the following for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| Geographic Areas | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |||||||||
| China | 37.0 | % | 52.8 | % | 52.5 | % | ||||||
| United States | 46.8 | 32.0 | 44.3 | |||||||||
| Europe | 10.7 | 12.4 | 2.0 | |||||||||
| Hong Kong | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.7 | |||||||||
| Others | 3.8 | 1.5 | 0.5 | |||||||||
| Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| Geographical Area | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||
| China | 42.7 | % | 34.0 | % | 41.6 | % | ||||||
| United States | 41.7 | 40.7 | 31.7 | |||||||||
| Europe | 2.5 | 3.5 | 10.2 | |||||||||
| Hong Kong | 0.7 | 0.4 | 7.1 | |||||||||
| United Kingdom | 9.0 | 11.7 | 3.5 | |||||||||
| Others | 3.4 | 9.7 | 5.9 | |||||||||
| Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
We believe that our reported sales by geographic area in the above table do not necessarily reflect the final destinations of our products or the actual nationalities of our customers. For example, we have reported product sales in China amounting to 52.5%41.6% of our total net sales for the year ended March 31, 20102013 because China is where
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The Company markets its products and services to existing customers through direct contact with the Company’s management and direct sales personnel. The Company’s sales personnel attend trade shows, exhibitions and the Company advertises in trade publications such asModern Plastics International andInjection Molding.conventions. Collecting information from trade-show, as well as websites, Deswell’s marketing staffs contacts existing and potential customers directly by telephone, mail, fax, e-mail via the Internet and in person, stressing Deswell’s capability as a complete solution provider for plastic injection mold design, tooling and molding as well as an electronics manufacturing services, or EMS, provider of advanced technology manufacturing processes and flexible logistic services.
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| Customer | Product | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||
| N&J Company Limited | Plastic Component | 11.8 | % | 28.6 | % | 19.2 | % | |||||||||
| Digidesign, Inc. | Professional audio equipment | 17.0 | 12.7 | 12.0 | ||||||||||||
| Vtech Telecommunications Limited | Plastic component | * | * | 10.8 | ||||||||||||
The Company’s sales transactions with all of its customers are based on purchase orders received by the Company from time to time. Except for these purchase orders, the Company has no written agreements with its customers. Sales of plastic parts, electronic products and metallic products are primarily made on credit terms, with payment in United States dollars or Hong Kong dollars expected within 30 to 90 days of shipment. In certain cases, primarily new customers of electronic products, sales are supported by letters of credit and are payable in United States dollars. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant difficulty in collecting accounts receivable on credit sales. Management communicates regularly with credit sale customers and closely monitors the status of payment and in this way believes it has kept the default rate low. Additionally, plastic parts deliveries are made in
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several installments over a lengthy period of time, which permits the Company to withhold delivery in the event of any delinquency in payment for past shipments. While the Company has not experienced any material difficulty in being paid by its major customers, there can be no assurance that the Company’s favorable collection experience will continuecontinue.
Customers
The Company’s success depends to a significant extent on the success achieved by its customers in every case or at all.developing and marketing their products, some of which may be new. Many of the industry segments served by the Company’s customers are subject to technological change, which can result in short product life cycles. The Company could be materially adversely affected if advances in technology or other factors reduce the marketability of essential products of its customers or if new products being developed by its customers do not attain desired levels of acceptance.
Historically, the Company has depended, currently depends, and expects to continue to depend, on a small number of customers for a significant percentage of its net sales. The following table sets forth Deswell’s major customer were unable to paycustomers which accounted for 10% or more of its net sales during fiscal 2011, 2012 and 2013:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| VTech Telecommunications Ltd. | 14.6 | % | 12.6 | % | 13.0 | % | ||||||
| Lenbrook Industries Ltd. | * | * | 11.1 | |||||||||
| * | Less than 10% in the year indicated. |
If the Company’s major customers experience a decline in the demand for their products as a result of the prevailing economic environment or other factors, the products or services.
The Company’s sales are based on purchase orders and there are no long-term contracts with any of Deswell’s customers. The percentage of sales to the Company’s customers has fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in future. Substantial decreases in sales to, or the loss of major customers, have adversely impacted Deswell’s sales and financial performance.
Present or future customers could cease to use Deswell as the source of the injection-molded plastic parts and components it manufactures for electronic manufacturing services of electrical products and subassemblies or for metallic molds and accessories or significantly change, reduce or delay the amount of products and services ordered. The Company’s sales will continue to decline and its financial results will suffer further if orders from its largest customers, or orders from other substantial customers, cease or are significantly reduced unless Deswell can increase sales from other existing customers or add sales from new customers.
Competition
We compete with a number of different companies in producing of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electrical products and subassemblies and metallic molds and accessories. For example, we compete with major global EMS providers, other smaller EMS companies that have a regional or product-specific focus, and original design manufacturers with respect to some of the services that we provide. We also compete with our current and prospective customers, who can manufacture internally and who evaluate our capabilities in light of their own capabilities and cost structures. Our market segments are extremely competitive, many of our competitors have achieved substantial market share and many have lower cost structures and greater manufacturing, financial or other resources than we
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The Company believes that competition for plastic injection molding, contract electronic manufacturing and metal molds and parts manufacturing businesses are based on price, quality, service and the ability to deliver products in a timely and reliable basis.
Patents, Licenses and Trademarks
The Company has no patents, trademarks, licenses, franchises, concessions or royalty agreements that are material to its business.
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Seasonality
For information concerning the seasonality of the Company’s business, see “Seasonality” included underItem 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”
Property, Plants and Equipment
Macao
The Company leases Units 17B and 17E, EdificioComercialEdificio Comercial Rodrigues, 599 Avenida da Praia Grande, Macao from an unaffiliated party, each being for a term of two years to July 2012.2014. The premises are used as trading, administrative and accounting officeoffices for the Company’s plastic injection business and electronic & metallic business, respectively. The monthly rent is approximately $2,350.
Southern China
In January 2000, the Company acquired under a land-lease agreement with the local government an aggregate of approximately 1.3 million square feet of land to construct its own manufacturing plant and dormitory buildings in Houjie, Dongguan, China. Under the land-lease agreement, the Company has the right to use the land for 50 years. On this land, Deswell has through March 31, 20102013 constructed approximately
| 91,000 square feet of amenity space, | |||
Deswell now uses this facility for its plastic manufacturing operations. For information regarding Deswell’s sale to a third party of property which Deswell previously used for its plastic injection molding operations, see the discussion underItem 4 Information on the Company — “Important Events in Deswell’s Development that Have Occurred since April 1, 2009” at page 18, andItem 10 Additional Information — “Material Contracts” page 47, of this Report.
The Company owns 12 apartment units located near its plastic manufacturing factories that are used for housing senior management. At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company leased one dormitory for factory staff near its plastics manufacturing factories in Dongguan. The dormitory is leased for a period of one yearsix months expiring in April 2011.October 2013 . The aggregate monthly rental is approximately $400.
In July 2003, the Company acquired under a land-lease agreement with a third party an aggregate of approximately 244,000 square feet of land and approximately 420,000 square feet of buildings, including six blocks of dormitory buildings, a canteen, a factory building, a car park and a guard room, at Chang An, Dongguan, China, which was previously named Kwan Hong Building. The land use period is for 50 years from February 1, 2003 to January 31, 2053. The Company uses the facilities for its electronic products manufacturing operations.
At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company leased approximately 69,400 square feet of manufacturing space in Chang An, Dongguan, China for its contract metal manufacturing operations. These premises are leased from a third party and the lease expires in May 2013.2015 . The aggregate monthly rental is approximately $8,400.
Management believes that Deswell will be able to renew each of the leases described above as it expires for periods comparable to the current term or find alternative space as needed.
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Item4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable to Deswell.
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Item5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
Except for statements of historical facts, this section contains forward-looking statements involving risks and uncertainties. You can identify these statements by forward looking words including “expect”, “anticipate”, “believe” “seek”, “estimate”. Forward looking statements are not guarantees of Deswell’s future performance or results and the Company’s actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the section of this Report entitledItem 3. Key Information —– “Risk Factors”.
Operating Results
The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included followingItem 18 of this Report. The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
General
The Company’s revenues are derived from the manufacture and sale of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electrical products and subassemblies and metallic molds and accessories. Jetcrown Macao and Jetcrown Dongguan (wholly owned subsidiaries) carry onHistorically, the plastics operations whereas Integrated carries out the electronics and metallic operations. The Company acquired a controlling interest in Integrated’s predecessor in October 1992 and has included the results of the predecessor in its consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Through December 2002, the Company owned a 51% interest in Integrated. In January 2003, the Company increased its interest in Integrated to 71% by purchasing an additional 20% from its minority shareholders in exchange for the issuance to them of an aggregate of 251,880 common shares. In April 2005, the Company increased its interest in Integrated to 76% by purchasing an additional 5% from a minority shareholder in exchange for the issuance to it of 120,000 common shares. In August 2007, the Company further increased its interest in Integrated to 100% by purchasing the remaining 24% from the minority shareholders in exchange for the issuance to them of 632,080 common shares and a cash payment of $414,000.
The Company carries out all of its manufacturing operations in Southern China, where it ishas been able to take advantage of the lower overhead costs and inexpensive labor rates as compared to Hong Kong. At the same time, the proximity of the Company’s factories in Southern China to Hong Kong permits the Company to manage easily its manufacturing operations from Macao, facilitates transportation of its products through Hong Kong and provides the Company’s plastic manufacturing operations with access to electricity from Hong Kong and to nearby water, both of whichwater. These, resources are needed in abundance to manufacture plastic parts and are often inadequate elsewhere in China.
PRC Income Taxes
Under PRC tax law in effect before January 1, 2008, we have beenwere afforded a number of tax concessions by, and tax refunds from, China’s tax authorities on a substantial portion of our operations in China by reinvesting all or part of the profits attributable to our PRC manufacturing operations. We have enjoyed preferential tax concessions in the PRC as a high-tech enterprise and have benefited from favorable overall effective income tax rates of 8.70% and 1.13% for the years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. However, on March 16, 2007, the Chinese government enacted a new unified enterprise income tax law which became effective on January 1, 2008. Under the new income tax law most domestic enterprises and foreign invested enterprises, like Deswell, would be subject to a single PRC enterprise income tax rate and gradually transfer to the new tax rate of 25% within five years.years of the effective date. Following the implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law effective January 1, 2008, the State Council announced the transition rules for preferential tax policies (Guofa [2007] No.39) of January 2, 2008, for eligible enterprises previously subject to a 15% tax rate or 24% tax rate. As so announced, the new enterprise income tax rates are:
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| Rate under EIT for enterprises previously subject to tax rate of | ||||||||
| Tax Year (Calendar) | 15 percent | 24 percent | ||||||
2010 | 22 | % | 25 | % | ||||
2011 | 24 | % | 25 | % | ||||
2012 | 25 | % | 25 | % | ||||
The Company is subject to the applicable transfer pricing rules in PRC in connection to the transactions between its subsidiaries located inside and outside PRC. In accordance to Guo Shui Fa [2009] No.2 “Implementation Regulations of Special Tax Adjustments (Provisional)”(“Guo Shui Fa [2009] No.2”), which took effect at the beginning of calendar year 2008 and set out the regulations in relation to transfer pricing, contemporaneous documentation, disclosure and compliance of intercompany transactions, the Company and external parties have prepared transfer pricing contemporaneous documentations (the “Contemporaneous Documentations”) of its subsidiaries in PRC for the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
Business Segment Information
Deswell’s material operations are generally organized in twothree segments: plastic injection molding, orwhich we sometimes refer to as the plastic segment,“plastics segment”, and electronic products assembling and metallic parts manufacturing. The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. See Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Results from the Company’s metallic parts manufacturing operations have not been material to the Company’s operations as a whole and have therefore been combined aswith the electronic and metallic segment for the table presentation and discussion below. The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different productsbelow and services.elsewhere in this Report.
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As so combined, we refer to them as the “electronic & metallic segment.” The following table sets forth present selected consolidated financial information statedpresented as a percentagespercentage of net sales by segment for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2010.
| Year ended March 31, 2008 | Year ended March 31, 2009 | Year ended March 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plastic | Electronic | Plastic | Electronic | Plastic | Electronic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection | & | Injection | & | Injection | & | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molding | Metallic | Molding | Metallic | Molding | Metallic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment | Segment | Total | Segment | Segment | Total | Segment | Segment | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 74.4 | 86.6 | 81.6 | 82.4 | 87.6 | 84.7 | 79.1 | 91.9 | 84.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 25.6 | 13.4 | 18.4 | 17.6 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 20.9 | 8.1 | 15.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 18.4 | 10.3 | 13.6 | 16.3 | 12.6 | 14.6 | 22.5 | 14.2 | 19.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 4.0 | (0.6 | ) | 1.3 | 0.5 | (0.8 | ) | (0.1 | ) | 9.0 | 1.0 | 5.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 11.2 | 2.5 | 6.1 | 1.8 | (1.0 | ) | 0.6 | 7.4 | (5.1 | ) | 2.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-operating income, net | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | (0.1 | ) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 12.0 | 2.6 | 6.5 | 2.1 | (1.1 | ) | 0.7 | 7.9 | (4.5 | ) | 2.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 0.5 | (0.2 | ) | 0.1 | (0.1 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (0.2 | ) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 11.5 | 2.8 | 6.4 | 2.2 | (0.7 | ) | 0.9 | 7.3 | (5.6 | ) | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | — | 0.3 | 0.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | 11.5 | % | 2.5 | % | 6.2 | % | 2.2 | % | (0.7 | )% | 0.9 | % | 7.3 | % | (5.6 | )% | 1.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, 2011 | Year ended March 31, 2012 | Year ended March 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plastic Injection Molding Segment | Electronic & Metallic Segment | Total | Plastic Injection Molding Segment | Electronic & Metallic Segment | Total | Plastic Injection Molding Segment | Electronic & Metallic Segment | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 86.4 | 91.0 | 88.6 | 81.7 | 88.3 | 85.4 | 85.9 | 88.8 | 87.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 13.6 | 9.0 | 11.4 | 18.3 | 11.7 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 11.2 | 12.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| administrative expenses | 21.0 | 12.0 | 16.6 | 26.8 | 12.8 | 18.9 | 27.0 | 13.2 | 20.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expenses), net | (10.5 | ) | 0.1 | (5.3 | ) | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.0 | (0.5 | ) | 1.5 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (17.9 | ) | (2.9 | ) | (10.5 | ) | (6.6 | ) | (0.8 | ) | (3.3 | ) | (13.4 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (6.9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-operating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| income, net | 2.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 6.7 | 1.0 | 3.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| income taxes | (15.6 | ) | (2.6 | ) | (9.2 | ) | (3.6 | ) | 0.1 | (1.5 | ) | (6.7 | ) | 0.5 | (3.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | (16.3 | )% | (2.8 | )% | (9.7 | )% | (4.8 | )% | (0.3 | )% | (2.2 | )% | (7.5 | )% | 0.1 | % | (3.7 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||
Year ended March 31, 20102013 (Fiscal 2013) Compared to Year Ended March 31, 2009
Net Salessales -— The Company’sCompany's net sales for the year ended March 31, 20102013 were $81,614,000,$54,074,000, a decrease of $50,124,000$10,709,000, or 38.0%16.5%, as compared to fiscal year 2009.2012. The decrease was related to a decreasedecreases in sales revenue of $1,614,000, or 5.7%, at our plastic segment, of $26,391,000 as well as $23,733,000 atand $9,095,000, or 25.0%, from our electronic and& metallic segment. This represented decreases of 36.0% and 40.7% respectively,segment, as compared with the respective net sales from these segments in fiscal 2012. The decrease in sales revenues was mainly attributed to a decrease in customer orders, evidently indicating that our customers in the prior fiscal year. United States are still feeling the effects of the economic downtown and are recovering more slowly than the markets there generally.
The revenue decrease in sales revenues at the plastic segment was mainly dueattributed to the decreasea reduction in total orders of $5,396,000, offsetting an increase of $3,783,000 in orders from existing customers of $30,648,000 offsetting the increasecustomers. The decrease in netorders are mainly attributed by plastic sales from other existingfor telephone and new customers of $3,002,000office equipment, representing 18.1% and $1,255,000,40.7% , respectively, as a result of the generally weak economy. About 83% of the decrease in nettotal sales for the year ended March 31, 2010 was accounted for by one of the segment’s major customers related to plastic component sales of electronic entertainment products. Net sales from this major customer for the year ended March 31, 2010 had dropped by about 59% due to a decrease in orders for one of their main products,fiscal 2013, as compared with the priorto fiscal year.
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In fiscal 2013, Lenbrook Industries, Ltd. became our second largest customer, accounting for 11.1% of total net sales. Lenbrook has been a long-time customer, but for the combined effectfirst time in fiscal 2013 accounted for more than 10% of the global economic downturn, persistent pressure of losingour net sales, increasing their orders to lower-priced competitors, as well as change of customer mix.
Gross Profitprofit -— The grossGross profit for the year ended March 31, 20102013 was $12,656,000,$6,810,000, representing a gross profit margin of 15.5%12.6%. This compared with thean overall gross profit and gross profit margin of $20,168,000 or 15.3%$9,465,000 and 14.6%, respectively, for the year ended March 31, 2009.
Gross profit in the plastic segment decreased $3,108,000by $1,417,000, to $9,844,000$3,772,000, or 20.9%to 14.1% of net sales from that segment, for the year ended March 31, 2010,2013, as compared to $12,952,000$5,189,000, or 17.6%18.3%, of comparable net sales for fiscal 2012. The decrease in gross margin for the plastic segment was principally due to increase in labor cost as a result of increase in overtime allowances, when compared with fiscal 2012. Gross profit in the electronic & metallic segment decreased by $1,238,000, to $3,038,000, or 11.1% of net sales for the same period in the prior year. Despite the reduction of gross profits, which resulted from a 36% decrease in sales during the year ended March 31, 2010, Deswell’s gross profit margin percentage in the plasticthat segment, increased by 3.3%. The improvement in gross profit margin as a percentage of sales in the plastic segment during the year ended March 31, 2010 primarily resulted from lower material costs as a percentage of sales stemming from a reduction of sales of lower profit margin items and from a 14% drop in the average costs of resin used in the manufacture of plastic products. These improvements were partially offset by higher factory overhead as a percentage of sales for the year ended March 31, 2010, when2013, as compared with fiscal 2009.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses –— SG&A expenses for the year ended March 31, 20102013 were $15,505,000, amounting to 19.0%$10,803,000, or 20.0% of total net sales, as compared to $19,290,000$12,273,000, or 14.6%18.9% of total net sales for the year ended March 31, 2009. There was2012. In absolute dollars, SG&A expenses decreased by $1,470,000, or 12.0%, in fiscal 2012, as compared to those expenses in fiscal 2012, but accounted for a greater percentage of sales in fiscal 2013 because of the overall decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses of $3,785,000 or 19.6% over the corresponding period of last year.
SG&A expenses in the plastic segment decreased by $377,000, to $7,204,000, compared to $7,581,000 for fiscal 2012. The decrease was primarily related to decreases of $384,000 in stock compensation cost and $138,000 in outsourced services, offsetting an increase of $345,000 in staff costs and welfare expenses as compared to fiscal 2012.
SG&A expenses in the electronic & metallic segment decreased by $1,093,000, to $3,599,000, or 13.2% of net sales from that segment, for the year ended March 31, 20102013, compared to $4,692,000, or 12.9% of net sales in the same segment, for the fiscal 2012. The savings in fiscal 2013 were primarily related to decreases of $126,000 in selling expense and $644,000 in staff costs and welfare expenses, $165,000 in stock-based compensation expense, $42,000 in travelling expense and $38,000 in legal and professional fees, as compared with the fiscal 2012.
Other income (expenses), net -Other income was $274,000 for the year ended March 31, 2013, as compared to other income of $639,000 in the fiscal 2012.
On a segment basis, other expense attributable to the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2013 was $140,000, as compared to other income of $528,000 for fiscal 2012. Other income was mainly due to an exchange gain of $75,000 but offset by a charge of $197,000 for impairment of property, plant and equipment during the year ended March 31, 2013, as compared to an exchange gain of $309,000 and a gain of $132,000 from sales of scrap materials during fiscal 2012.
Other income attributable to the electronic & metallic segment for the year ended March 31, 2013 was $414,000, as compared with other income of $111,000 for fiscal 2012. The higher other income in fiscal 2013 was principally due to increase of other income from reversals of provisions of $113,000 for local government taxes and other receivables, and of $209,000 for write-off of long term accounts payables and other payables, gain of $200,000 from material sales and disposal of fixed assets, offsetting a provision of $214,000 for doubtful receivables, as compared with fiscal 2012.
Operating loss -Operating loss was $3,719,000 for the year ended March 31, 2013, which compares to an operating loss of $2,169,000 for fiscal 2012.
On a segment basis, the operating loss of the plastic segment was $3,572,000, or negative 13.4% of net sales from that segment, in the year ended March 31, 2013, as compared to an operating loss of $1,864,000, or negative 6.6% of net sales in the same segment, in fiscal 2012. The increase in operating loss in the plastic segment decreased by $1,381,000during fiscal 2012 primarily due to $10,584,000decrease in gross margin as well as increase in other expense as described above.
The electronic & metallic segment reported an operating loss of $147,000, or 22.5%negative 0.5% of net sales from that segment, in the year ended March 31, 2013, compared to an operating loss of $305,000, or a negative 0.8% of net sales from the same segment, in fiscal 2012. The decrease in operating loss was mainly because of the segment’s increase in other income, as described above.
Non-operating income –Non-operating income for the year ended March 31, 2013 increased by $866,000, to $2,056,000, as compared with $1,190,000 of non-operating income during fiscal 2012. This was mainly attributable to increases $202,000 of income from securities investments, $100,000 of interest income, $180,000 from unrealized gain on revaluation of marketable securities and $440,000 from realized gain from sale of marketable securities, as compared with fiscal 2012.
Income taxes –Income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2013 were comprised of income tax expense of $150,000 and a deferred tax provision of $178,000, as compared to $11,965,000 or 16.3%the income tax expense of net sales for fiscal 2009. The decrease was primarily related to the decrease of $442,000 in selling expenses, $295,000 in director remuneration due to resignation of$307,000 and a co-founder during fiscal 2009, $422,000 in traveling expenses and $149,000 in equipment maintenance, offsetting an increasedeferred tax provision of $175,000 in sundry expensesfiscal 2012.
On a segment basis, there was an income tax expense of $44,000 and a deferred tax provision of $181,000 in the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2013, as compared with lastto an income tax expense of $134,000 and a deferred tax provision of $204,000 for the prior fiscal year.
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Net loss– The Company had a net loss of $1,991,000, or 14.2%a negative 3.7% of net sales, for the year ended March 31, 2010,2013, as compared to $7,326,000net loss of $1,461,000, or 12.6%a negative 2.3% of net sales, for the year ended March 31, 2012. The increase in net loss was mainly due to the decreases in gross margin and other income as discussed above.
Net loss for the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2013 totaled $2,011,000, as compared to a net loss of $1,345,000 for fiscal 2009.2012. Increase in net loss the plastic segment resulted primarily from the decrease in gross margin, and because of other expense of $140,000 incurred in fiscal 2013 versus other income of $528,000 incurred in fiscal 2012, as described above.
Net income for the electronic & metallic segment for the year ended March 31, 2013 was $20,000, compared to a net loss of $116,000 for the prior fiscal year. The improvement in net income of the electronic and metallic segment was mainly from the increase in other income during fiscal 2013, as described above.
Year ended March 31, 2012 (Fiscal 2012) Compared to Year Ended March 31, 2011 (Fiscal 2011)
Net sales -The Company's net sales for the year ended March 31, 2012 were $64,783,000, a decrease of $19,239,000, or 22.9%, as compared to fiscal 2011. The decrease was related to decreases in sales revenue of $14,433,000, or 33.7%, at our plastic segment, and $4,806,000, or 11.7%, from our electronic & metallic segment, as compared with respective net sales from these segments in fiscal 2011. The decrease in sales revenues was mainly attributed to a decrease in customer orders in response to the slow global economic recovery and potential economic recessions in the European countries.
Decrease in sales revenues at the plastic segment was mainly attributed to a reduction of orders totaling $5,052,000 in plastic sales for electronic entertainment products as well as $4,121,000 for telephone products, representing 35.0% and 28.5%, respectively, of the decrease in total sales in fiscal 2012, as compared to fiscal 2011.
The sales revenues decrease in the electronic & metallic segment primarily resulted from a decrease of $17,596,000 in orders for professional audio instrument products and $740,000 for telecom products from existing customers, offsetting an increase of $13,563,000 in orders for professional audio and home entertainment products from other existing customers.
Although remaining its largest customer in fiscal 2012, accounting for 12.6% of total net sales, the adverse effects on Deswell’s operating results from a 2.0% decline in orders during fiscal 2012 from VTech Telecommunications Limited, compared sales made to that customer in fiscal 2011, coupled with the Company’s inability to recapture sales made to pre-fiscal 2011 major customers or supplant them with significant sales to other customers, were principal factors contributing to the decrease in Deswell’s total revenues in fiscal 2012. These dynamics also illustrate Deswell’s historical dependence on a few major customers. See the Risk Factor entitled “Historically we have been dependent on a few major customers that accounted for a substantial percentage of our sales. Starting from fiscal 2011, we have been limited to one major customer. Our sales will continue to decline and our financial results will suffer further if orders from our major customer or customer base are ceased, or substantially reduced, or if we cannot develop new customers or increase sales from our existing customers” inItem 3. KEY INFORMATION.
Gross profit -Gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2012 was $9,465,000, representing a gross profit margin of 14.6%. This compared with an overall gross profit and gross profit margin of $9,548,000 and11.4%, respectively, for the year ended March 31, 2011.
Gross profit in the plastic segment decreased by $642,000, to $5,189,000, or to 18.3% of net sales from that segment, for the year ended March 31, 2012, as compared to $5,831,000, or 13.6%, of comparable net sales for fiscal 2011. The increase in gross margin for the plastic segment was principally due to the combined effect of an increase in revenues of higher profit margin items, and savings in labor cost resulting from reduced headcount, when compared with fiscal 2011.
Gross profit in the electronic & metallic segment increased by $559,000, to $4,276,000, or 11.7% of net sales from that segment, for the year ended March 31, 2012, as compared to $3,717,000, or 9.0%, of comparable net sales for fiscal 2011. The increase in gross margin was mainly attributed to an increase in the selling price of products, offsetting higher labor costs as a result of increases in overtime allowances and factory overheads, as compared with fiscal 2011.
Selling, general and administrative expenses -SG&A expenses for the year ended March 31, 2012 were $12,273,000, or 18.9% of total net sales, as compared to $13,941,000, or 16.6% of total net sales for the year ended March 31, 2011. SG&A expenses decreased by $1,668,000, or 12.0%, in fiscal 2012, as compared to those expenses in fiscal 2011.
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SG&A expenses in the plastic segment decreased by $1,399,000, to $7,581,000, compared to $8,980,000 for fiscal 2011. The decrease was primarily related to the decreases of $423,000$350,000 in selling expense, $1,352,000$1,409,000 in staff costs related to a 30% reductionand welfare expenses and $91,000 in headcount, $322,000 in officers’ remuneration duecompensation to the resignationsegment’s senior management, offsetting increases of $384,000 in stock-based compensation expenses as a co-founderresult of 700,000 options granted to officers and employees and $324,000 in local government taxes and subsidies, as compared to fiscal 2011. Notwithstanding the fiscal 2012 decrease of SG&A expenses in absolute dollars, because of the segment’s year-over-year decline in sales, SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales from that segment increased to 26.8% in fiscal 2012, compared to 21.0% in fiscal 2011.
SG&A expenses in the electronic and& metallic segment $108,000 in travelling expense and $82,000 in office operating expense, as compared with the prior year.
Other income (expenses), net -Other income was $639,000 for the year ended March 31, 2012, as compared to other operating expenseexpenses of $132,000$4,435,000 in the fiscal 2009.
On a segment basis, other operating income attributable to the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 20102012 was $4,250,000,$528,000, as compared to other expenses of $4,498,000 for fiscal 2011. Other income was mainly due to an operating incomeexchange gain of $348,000 for the prior fiscal year. The increase in other operating income for$309,000 and a gain of $132,000 from sales of scrap materials during the year ended March 31, 2010 was mainly attributable to a net gain of $4,198,000 that Deswell recognized from the sale of its former manufacturing plant in Shekou, Shenzhen, China,2012, as compared to an
30
The Company did not impair, after its review and assessment of, fixedthe carrying amounts of its long-lived assets at March 31, 2012. See Notes 2 and 7 of $236,000Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included later in the prior year.
Other operating income attributable to the electronic and& metallic segment for the year ended March 31, 20102012 was $344,000,$111,000, as compared towith other operating expenseincome of $480,000$63,000 for fiscal 2011. The increase in prior year. Fiscal 2010fiscal 2012 other operating income was attributable to an exchangeprincipally because of reductions of $118,000 in the Company’s provision for doubtful receivables and a $72,000 gain of $44,000, a gain of $156,000 on sales offrom scrap materials and $113,000 in other incomesales, as compared with fiscal 2011.
Operating loss -Operating loss was $2,169,000 for the year ended March 31, 2010, as compared2012, which compares to $196,000 in exchangean operating loss and a provision of other receivables of $437,000$8,828,000 for fiscal 2009.
On a segment basis, the operating income inloss of the plastic divisionsegment was $3,509,000,$1,864,000, or 7.4%negative 6.6% of net sales from that segment, in the year ended March 31, 20102012, as compared to an operating incomeloss of $1,335,000$7,647,000, or 1.8%negative 17.9% of net sales in the same segment, in fiscal 2009.2011. The increasedecrease in operating incomeloss in the plastic segment was mainlyduring fiscal 2012 primarily resulted because the resultCompany did not incur charges for impairment of anproperty, plant and equipment as well as from the improvement in gross margin caused by sales of higher margin products and the increase in other operating income, offsetting the decreaseincrease in sales revenue and an increase inthe SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales as discusseddescribed above.
The electronic & metallic segment reported an operating loss of the electronic and metallic segment was $1,764,000,$305,000, or a negative 5.1%0.8% of net sales infrom that segment, in the year ended March 31, 20102012, compared to an operating loss of $590,000$1,182,000, or a negative of 1.0%2.9% of net sales from the same segment, in fiscal 2009.2011. The increasedecrease in operating loss forwas mainly because of the electronic and metallic segment primarily resulted from a decreasesegment’s increase in sales revenue and correspondingly lower gross profit amount,margin, as discusseddescribed above.
Non-operating income –— Non-operating income for the year ended March 31, 20102012 increased by $276,000,$94,000, to $444,000,$1,190,000, as compared with $1,096,000 of non-operating income during fiscal 2009.2011. This increase was mainly attributable to $509,000 of income from securities investments, $261,000 of interest income and $133,000 in other non-operating income, offsetting a decrease of $166,000, an unrealized gain on the revaluation of marketable securities of $39,000$831,000 in the plastic segment, and as a realized gain of $160,000 from the sale of marketable securities, in the electronic and metallic segment.
Income Taxestaxes –— Income taxtaxes for the year ended March 31, 20102012 were comprised of income tax expense of $307,000 and a deferred tax provision of $175,000, as compared to the income tax expense of $596,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $214,000 in fiscal 2011.
On a segment basis, there was an income tax expense of $131,000 and a deferred tax provision of $207,000 in the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2012, as compared to an income tax expense of $420,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $127,000 for the prior fiscal year. The income tax of the electronic & metallic segment was comprised of an income tax expense of $380,000$170,000 and a deferred tax provisionbenefit of $310,000, which compares$26,000 for the year ended March 31, 2012, as compared to an income tax expense of $234,000$176,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $516,000$87,000 for the fiscal 2009.2011.
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Net loss– The Company had a segment basis, income taxnet loss of the plastic segment was comprised$1,461,000, or a negative 2.3% of income tax expense of $379,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $91,000net sales, for the year ended March 31, 2010,2012, as compared to the income tax expensenet loss of $207,000 and$8,114,000, or a deferred tax benefitnegative 9.7% of $275,000 in fiscal 2009. The plastic segment’s year-to-date income tax expense of $379,000 was incurred and payable by one of the Company’s subsidiaries. Such income tax was charged on the subsidiary’s current taxable profit, after recognizing the gain on the sale of its former manufacturing plant in the second fiscal quarter of 2010 net of the subsidiary’s accumulated tax loss carryforward from fiscal 2009.
Net incomeloss for the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 20102012 totaled $3,446,000,$1,345,000, as compared to thea net incomeloss of $1,620,000$6,955,000 for fiscal year 2009. The increase2011. Bottom line improvements in net income of the plastic segment was mainlyresulted primarily from the resultabsence of an increaseimpairment charges of property, plant and equipment and the exchange gain reported in other operating income offsetting a decreaseduring fiscal 2012, as compared to $4,474,000 of impairment charges of fixed assets in gross profit,fiscal 2011, as described above.
Net loss for the electronic and& metallic segment for the year ended March 31, 20102012 was $1,947,000,$116,000, compared to thea net loss of $425,000$1,159,000 for the prior fiscal year. The decrease in the net loss of the electronic and metallic segment was mainly from the result of decreaseimprovement in sales revenuegross margin and correspondingly lower gross profit amountincreases in other income and non-operating income during fiscal 2012, as described above.
31
Seasonality
32
33
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 38,452 | $ | 38,414 | $ | 35,416 | $ | 31,524 | $ | 35,039 | $ | 32,241 | $ | 37,101 | $ | 27,357 | $ | 22,738 | $ | 20,852 | $ | 21,358 | $ | 16,666 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 6,762 | 6,698 | 7,923 | 5,050 | 5,901 | 3,524 | 6,413 | 4,330 | 3,603 | 2,907 | 4,049 | 2,097 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,304 | 1,681 | 3,033 | 652 | 1,310 | (1,663 | ) | 878 | 220 | (272 | ) | 2,938 | 296 | (1,218 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 3,111 | 1,755 | 2,955 | 1,038 | 1,293 | (1,675 | ) | 987 | 590 | (253 | ) | 3,124 | (437 | ) | (935 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 20,486 | $ | 24,023 | $ | 23,534 | $ | 15,978 | $ | 18,324 | $ | 18,020 | $ | 16,241 | $ | 12,198 | $ | 14,488 | $ | 16,303 | $ | 13,766 | $ | 9,517 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 901 | 2,894 | 3,314 | 2,440 | 3,161 | 2,528 | 2,367 | 1,409 | 2,238 | 2,625 | 1,616 | 331 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| income (loss) | (2,678 | ) | (1,714 | ) | (4,031 | ) | (405 | ) | 114 | (225 | ) | (406 | ) | (1,652 | ) | (319 | ) | (75 | ) | (657 | ) | (2,668 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | (2,279 | ) | (1,597 | ) | (3,585 | ) | (653 | ) | 75 | (914 | ) | 91 | (713 | ) | 40 | 189 | (221 | ) | (1,999 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth the same unaudited quarterly information presented in the above table but by quarterly comparisons by year in the three-year period ended March 31, 20102013 (in thousands):
| Three months ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, | September 30 | December 31 | March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 38,452 | $ | 35,039 | $ | 22,738 | $ | 38,414 | $ | 32,241 | $ | 20,852 | $ | 35,416 | $ | 37,101 | $ | 21,358 | $ | 31,524 | $ | 27,357 | $ | 16,666 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 6,762 | 5,901 | 3,603 | 6,698 | 3,524 | 2,907 | 7,923 | 6,413 | 4,049 | 5,050 | 4,330 | 2,097 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,304 | 1,310 | (272 | ) | 1,681 | (1,663 | ) | 2,938 | 3,033 | 878 | 296 | 652 | 220 | (1,218 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 3,111 | 1,293 | (253 | ) | 1,755 | (1,675 | ) | 3,124 | 2,955 | 987 | (437 | ) | 1,038 | 590 | (935 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, | September 30 | December 31 | March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 20,486 | $ | 18,324 | $ | 14,488 | $ | 24,023 | $ | 18,020 | $ | 16,303 | $ | 23,534 | $ | 16,241 | $ | 13,766 | $ | 15,978 | $ | 12,198 | $ | 9,517 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 901 | 3,161 | 2,238 | 2,894 | 2,528 | 2,625 | 3,314 | 2,367 | 1,616 | 2,440 | 1,409 | 331 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| income (loss) | (2,678 | ) | 114 | (319 | ) | (1,714 | ) | (225 | ) | (75 | ) | (4,031 | ) | (406 | ) | (657 | ) | (405 | ) | (1,652 | ) | (2,668 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | (2,279 | ) | 75 | 40 | (1,597 | ) | (914 | ) | 189 | (3,585 | ) | 91 | (221 | ) | (653 | ) | (713 | ) | (1,999 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The first calendar quarter (the fourth fiscal quarter ending March 31 of our fiscal year) is typically the Company’s slowest sales period because, as is customary in China, the Company’s manufacturing facilities in China are closed for two weeks for the Chinese New Year holidays. TheThrough March 31, 2013, the Company doeshas not experience any other significant seasonal fluctuations.
Impact of Inflation
Historically, the Company has found it difficult to increase the prices of its products in order to keep pace with inflation, particularly in its plastics operations, the Company believes that the location of its manufacturing operations in Southern China has resulted in a lower cost base which still provides it with a competitive advantage. Accordingly, the Company is reliantfocused upon increasing its transaction volume in order to compensate for inflation in China, where virtually all of the effectsCompany’s assets and employees are located and inflation in China had little impact on Deswell. However, in addition to the appreciation of inflation.the RMB to the US dollar, inflation in China has recently affected the Company significantly.
The consumer price index (CPI), a major gauge of China's inflation, increased 1.90% in January 2013 from levels in January 2012. Historically, from 1986 until 2013, China’s inflation rate has averaged 5.86% and China has set its inflation target for 2013 at 3.5%, higher than the actual inflation rate for 2012 of 2.6%. The central government of China has been encouraging wage hikes in the hope of boosting consumer spending and reducing the economy's reliance on exports.
There is no fixed minimum wage which is applicable to all of China; local governments in China adopt different amounts based on the situation in their area. China’s Guangdong Province, where our manufacturing facilities are located, raised minimum wages by approximately 20% in May 2010 and another 20% in March 2011. Effective May 1, 2013, minimum wage levels across Guangdong Province, including Dongguan, where our manufacturing facilities are located, were jumped by an average of 19.1%.
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According to government regulations, minimum wages across various regions are required to be raised at least once every two years. From 2008 to 2012, minimum wage levels across the country have registered an average 12.6 percent annual growth rate. Increases in wages also result in increases in our and other employer’s contributions for various mandatory social welfare benefits for Chinese employees that are based on percentages of their salaries. Continuing material increases in our cost of labor will continue to increase the Company’s operating costs and will adversely affect Deswell’s financial results unless it passes on such increases to customers by increasing the prices of products and services. The effect of increases in the prices of products and services would make the Company’s products more expensive in global markets, such as the United States and the European Union. This could result in the loss of customers, who may seek, and be able to obtain, products and services comparable to those Deswell offers in lower-cost regions of the world. If the Company does not increase prices to pass on the effect of increases in labor costs, Deswell’s margins and profitability would suffer.
Because most of the Company’s labor costs are incurred in China and therefore paid in RMB, the adverse effect on Deswell’s business and financial results from increasing labor costs is exacerbated by the appreciation in the exchange rate to the US dollar, as is discussed in “Exchange Rates” immediately below.
Exchange Rates
The Company’s sales are mainly in United States dollars and Hong Kong dollars and its expenses are mainly in United States dollars, Hong Kong dollars and Chinese RMB.
The Hong Kong dollar has been pegged to the U.S. dollar at approximately 7.80 and relatively stable. The midpoint exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.782, 7.75977.789, 7.764 and 7.764 at March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010, respectively.2013, respectively, as reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/. The Hong Kong government may not continue to maintain the present currency exchange mechanism, which fixes the Hong Kong dollar at approximately 7.80 to each United States dollar and has not in the past presented a material currency exchange risk. Although announcements by Hong Kong’s central bank indicate its intention to maintain the currency peg between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar, if Hong Kong does change and follows China to a floating currency system or otherwise changes the exchange rate system of Hong Kong dollars to the U.S. dollars, our margins and financial results could be adversely affected.
Between 1994 and July 2005, the market and official RMB rates were unified and the value of the RMB was essentially pegged to the U.S. dollar and was relatively stable. On July 21, 2005, the People’s Bank of China adjusted the exchange rate of RMB to the U.S. dollar by linking the RMB to a basket of currencies and simultaneously setting the exchange rate of RMB to U.S. dollars, from 1:8.27, to a narrow band of around 1:8.11. The following chart illustrates the fluctuations since the July 31, 2005 adjustment of the RMB to the US dollar from July 21, 2005 by showing on a calendar and Deswell-fiscal year basis, the exchange ratio at the end of each quarter after July 21, 2005, the date of the RMB to US dollar adjustmentDeswell’s fiscal years from March 31, 2006 to March 31, 2010.2013.
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34
| (1) | RMB (yuan) to US dollar data presented in this chart | |
| Exchange ratio of RMB to US$1.00 at March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio | % change(1) | Ratio | % change(2) | Ratio | % change(2) | Ratio | % change(2) | Ratio | % change(2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1:8.017 | 1.16 | % | 1:7.730 | 3.58 | % | 1:7.012 | 9.29 | % | 1:6.834 | 2.54 | % | 1:6.826 | 0.11 | % | ||||||||||||||
We did not hedge our currency risk during the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013 and at March 31, 2010,2013, we had no open forward currency contracts. We continually review our hedging strategy and there can be no assurance that hedging techniques we may implement will be successful or will not result in charges to our results of operations.
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| Year ended March 31, 2008 | Year ended March 31, 2009 | Year ended March 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plastic | Electronic | Plastic | Electronic | Plastic | Electronic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection | & | Injection | & | Injection | & | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molding | Metallic | Molding | Metallic | Molding | Metallic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment | Segment | Total | Segment | Segment | Total | Segment | Segment | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percent of sales denominated in US$ | 54.5 | % | 96.0 | % | 79.5 | % | 72.4 | % | 95.0 | % | 82.3 | % | 62.7 | % | 95.0 | % | 76.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
For the year ended March 31, 2010,2013, net cash generated fromprovided by operations totaled $14,351,000,$8,410,000, including a net incomeloss of $1,499,000 and$1,991,000, depreciation and amortization expenses of $7,011,000.$4,219,000. Accounts receivable decreased by $7,828,000,$3,971,000 as compared to balances at March 31, 2012, primarily as a result of lower sales revenues generated during the fiscal year. Inventories decreased by $4,366,000 over levels at March 31, 2009,2012, primarily as a resultbecause of relatively lower demand for raw materials purchase resulting from reduced sales orders during the decrease in total sales volume. Inventoriesfiscal year. Accounts payable decreased by $5,637,000$2,597,000 over levels at March 31, 2009, primarily resulting from the decreases in raw materials and work-in-progress of plastic and electronics products. Accounts payable decreased by $3,072,000 over levels at March 31, 2009,2012, primarily because of the decrease in materials purchases. For the year ended March 31, 2009,2012, net cash generated fromprovided by operations totaled $11,669,000,$11,149,000, including a net incomeloss of $1,195,000$1,461,000 and depreciation and amortization expenses of $7,264,000.
Net cash used in investing activities amounted to $1,449,000 and $7,057,000$4,289,000 for the year ended March 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.2013, while net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2012 amounted to $11,285,000. Capital expenditures during these periods totaled $1,606,000$951,000 and $7,402,000,$282,000, respectively. Our capital expenditures were primarily related to the acquisition of property, plant and equipment for our two manufacturing plants in Dongguan, China. In fiscal 2010,2013, we acquired marketable securities for $5,631,000$7,983,000 and received cash proceeds from sale of the marketable securities for $2,361,000 and of available-for-sale securities for $6,864,000, as well as increases in fixed deposits over three months for $4,676,000.
During the year ended March 31, 2013, there was a realized gain of $132,000 from the sale of available-for-sale securities. These available-for-sale securities are investments in corporate bonds recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In fiscal 2012, we acquired marketable securities and available-for-sales securities for $3,184,000 and $8,376,000, respectively, and received proceeds of $5,185,000, net of transaction costs,$4,251,000 from the sale of our former manufacturing plant in Shekou, Shenzhen, China.
Net cash used in financing activities for the years ended March 31, 20102013 and 20092012 were $916,000$5,164,000 and $3,789,000,$2,426,000, respectively. Net cash we used in financing activities during the year ended March 31, 20102013 was primarilymainly to fund dividend payments to shareholders of $1,619,000$5,357,000 and net of the proceeds of $703,000receipt from the exercise of stock options from directors and employees.
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employees of $1,295,000. Net cash we used in financing activities during the year ended March 31, 20092012 was primarily to fund the dividend payments to shareholders of $3,789,000.
As a consequence of the fixed exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar, interest rates on Hong Kong dollar borrowings are similar to U.S. interest rates. The Hong Kong Prime Rate at March 31, 20102013 remained at 5.0% from, the same rate it was at March 31, 2009.
36
At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company had capital commitments fortotaling $407,000 mainly to purchase of plant and machinery, leasehold improvements, totaling $73,000 and $20,000, respectively, which are expected to be disbursed during the year ending March 31, 2011. Also, the Company had capital commitments for a new enterprise resource planning software system upgrade project at March 31, 2010 totaling $191,000, which we expect to disburse by March 31, 2011.
A summary of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of March 31, 20102013 is as follows:
| Payments due by period (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Period from | Period from | Period | ||||||||||||||||||
| Year ending | April 1, 2011 | April 1, 2013 | after | |||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | to March 31, | to March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
| Contractual obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term bank borrowing | $ | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Capital (finance) lease obligations | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Operating lease payments | 29 | 29 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Capital commitment | 284 | 284 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Other purchase obligations | 6,806 | 6,806 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities reflected on | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Company’s balance sheet under US GAAP | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 7,119 | $ | 7,119 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
| Payments due by period (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Period from | Period from | Period | ||||||||||||||||||
| Year ending | April 1, 2014 | April 1, 2016 | after | |||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | to March 31, | to March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| Contractual obligations | Total | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term bank borrowing | $ | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Capital (finance) lease obligations | $ | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease payments | $ | 144 | 129 | 15 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Capital commitment | $ | 407 | 407 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Other purchase obligations | $ | 1,217 | 1,217 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities reflected on | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Company's balance sheet under US GAAP | $ | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,768 | $ | 1,753 | $ | 15 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not use off-balance sheet financing arrangements, such as securitization of receivables or obtaining access to assets through special purpose entities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Recent ChangesEstimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in Accounting Standards
We have identified the following most critical accounting policies, that involved a high degree of judgments and estimates, used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
Inventories
Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on the weighted average basis. Work-in-progress and finished goods inventories consist of raw materials, direct labour and overhead associated with the manufacturing process. The Company periodically performs an analysis of inventory to determine obsolete or slow-moving inventory and determine if its cost exceeds the estimated market value. Write down of potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory are recorded based on management’s analysis of inventory levels.
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Impairment of long-lived assets
Our long-lived assets are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. In accordance with ASC No. 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets by first grouping its long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with and expected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. The Company estimates the undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair value through quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discounted cash flow methodology. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses based on a number of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group, discount rate and long-term growth rate.
In evaluation of undiscounted projected cash-flows associated with those assets, the Company assessed that long-lived assets at the reporting date to be less than the fair value and the sum of undiscounted cash flows. Accordingly, the Company impaired that the carrying values of long-lived assets of $4,474, $nil and $197 for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
Allowance for doubtful account
The Company regularly monitors and assesses the risk of not collecting amounts owed to the Company by customers. This evaluation is based upon a variety of factors including: ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, an analysis of amounts current and past due along with relevant history and facts particular to the customer. Based upon the results of this analysis, the Company records an allowance for uncollectible accounts for this risk. This analysis requires the Company to make significant estimates, and changes in facts and circumstances could result in material changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts. Unanticipated changes in the liquidity or financial position of the Company’s customers may require additional provisions for doubtful accounts.
Directors and Senior Management
The directors and executive officers of the Company at June 30, 20102013 are as follows:
| Name | Age | Position(s) with Company | ||||
| Richard Pui Hon Lau | Chairman of the Board of Directors | |||||
| Franki Shing Fung Tse | Chief Executive Officer | |||||
| Chin Pang Li | Executive Director of Manufacturing and Administration for Plastic Operations and Member of the Board of Directors | |||||
| Hung-Hum Leung | Non-Executive Director and Member of Audit Committee | |||||
| Allen Yau-Nam Cham | Non-Executive Director and Chairman of Audit Committee | |||||
| Wing-Ki Hui | Non-Executive Director and Member of Audit Committee | |||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||
Richard Pui Hon Lau. Mr. Lau served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company and its predecessors since their inception in 1987 until February 2007, at which time he retired as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Lau remains as Chairman of the Board.
Franki Shing Fung Tse. Mr. Tse joined Deswell in February 2007 at its Chief Executive Officer, bringing with him over 19 years’ experience in the tool-making, plastic injection and electronic service provider, or EPS, industry. From July 2005 until joining Deswell, he served as Vice President of Operations for Goodbaby Child Products Co. Ltd., a leading baby-products manufacturing company inlocated near Shanghai, China with approximately 15,000 workers.workers at the time of his departure. From May 2001 to June 2005 Mr. Tse served as Director of Marketing of Deswell’sDeswell's plastic subsidiary, Jetcrown Industrial (Dongguan) Ltd. From 1988 to 2000, Mr. Tse was in charge of the China Sales Business Division of Qualidux Industrial Co., Ltd., a group of companies engaged in original design and original equipment plastics manufacturing. Mr. Tse received his MBA in Business Finance from the University of Lincoln, United Kingdom in 2002.
Chin Pang Li. Mr. Li has served the Company as a Member of the Board of Directors and in various executive capacities with the Company and its predecessors since their inception in 1987. He became Secretary of the Company in February 1995 and Chief Financial Officer in May 1995, a position which he held until March 31, 2006. As Executive Directorof Manufacturing and Administration for Plastic Operations, Mr. Li is in charge of themanufacturing and administrative operations for the Company’s plastic products. Mr. Li received his Bachelor of Science degree from Chun Yan Institute College, Taiwan in 1967.
Hung-Hum Leung. Mr. Leung has been a non-executive director of the Company and member of the Audit Committee since December 1999. Mr. Leung has over 25 years of experience in the manufacture of electronic products. Mr. Leung was the founder of Sharp Brave Holdings Ltd. (since 2007 known as China Properties Investment Holdings Limited), a Hong Kong public company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and from 1991 to 1995 served as the Chairman of Sharp Brave Holdings Ltd. Since 1995, Mr. Leung has been an independent consultant to the electronics industry. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from the National Taiwan University in 1971.
Allen Yau-Nam Cham. Mr. Cham has been a non-executive director of the Company and member of the Audit Committee since August 2003. Mr. Cham has been the Managing Director and shareholder of Kwong Fat Hong (Securities) Limited since 1995. He has over 20 years of experience in the securities industry. He is a Certified General Accountant in Canada. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree from St. Mary’sMary's University, Halifax, Canada, Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical) degree from Nova Scotia Technical College, Halifax, Canada and Master of Business Administration degree from University of British Columbia, Canada.
Wing-Ki Hui.Mr. Hui has been a non-executive director of the Company and member of the Audit Committee since October 2004. Since 1995 he has been the Operation Director of the Electronic Products Division of Tomorrow International Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange engaged in manufacturing of consumer electronics and printed circuit boards. Prior to serving in this capacity, Mr. Hui was Executive Director of Sharp Brave International Holdings Limited from 1991 to 1995 and Director of Sharp Brave Electronics Co., Ltd. from 1984 to 1995. Mr. Hui possesses over 20 years of experience in the electronic manufacturing industry, and is a graduate of South East Electronic College in Hong Kong.
Betty Ching Han LamHerman Wong Chi Wah. Ms. LamMr. Wong joined the Company as Chief Financial Officer effective on AugustApril 1, 2008. Ms. Lam has over 20 years’ experience in accountancy profession in various industries. Before2011. During the 10 years immediately before joining Deswell, Ms. Lam served as Finance Director from August 2007 until July 2008, and as Financial Controller from March 2000 to July 2007,Mr. Wong worked for Paxar (China) Limited, a multinational corporation manufacturing packaging items, hang tags, woven and paper labels for the garment industries. During the fifteen years preceding her tenure at Paxar,Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu,
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38
No family relationship exists among any of the named directors, executive officers or key employees. No arrangement or understanding exists between any director or officer and any other persons pursuant to which any director or executive officer was elected as a director or executive officer of the Company.
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
Executive Officers
The aggregate amount of compensation (including non-cash(cash benefits) paid and accrued by the Company and its subsidiaries was approximately $561,000 and $1,321,000, respectively, during the year ended March 31, 20102013 to all directors and to executive officers as a group for services in all service capacities was approximately $1,217,000 which
No options under the Company’s 2003 Stock Option Plan (or otherwise) were granted during the year ended March 31, 2013.
See the discussion under “We depend on our executive officers, senior managers and skilled personnel.” inItem 3 Key Information —– Risk Factors on page 1416 of this Report.
Directors
Our policy is to pay directors who are not employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries are paid $2,000 per month for services as a director, and are reimbursedto reimburse directors for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with their services as a director and member of Board committees.
The Board has determined that Messrs. Hung-Hum Leung, Allen Yau-Nam Cham and Wing-Ki Hui are each “independent” within the meaning of Rule 5605(a) (2) of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.
Board Practices
The directors of the Company are elected at its annual meeting of shareholders and serve until their successors take office or until their death, resignation or removal. The executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors of the Company.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee meets from time to time to review the financial statements and matters relating to the audit and has full access to management and the Company’s auditors in this regard. The Audit Committee recommends the engagement or discharge of the Company’s independent accountants, consults on the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and accounting procedures and reviews and approves financial statements and reports. Deswell’s audit committee consists of Messrs. Hung-Hum Leung, Allen Yau-Nam Cham and Wing-Ki Hui, each of whom is an independent director within the meaning of that term under Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. Mr. Allen Yau-Nam Cham currently acts as the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
Other Committees; NASDAQ Compliance
Various corporate governance practices or committees, consisting of independent directors as defined by NASDAQ’s Marketplace Rules, are required of U.S. domestic public companies with securities listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market, they are not required of foreign private issuers such as Deswell if such issuers follow their home country practice. In addition toOf the corporate governance practices required under NASDAQ’s MarketPlace Rules of U.S. domestic public companies, Deswell follows home country practices and does not havinghave a compensation committee or a nominating committee consisting of independent directors, Deswell also follows home country practice ofdirectors; does not havinghave nominees to its board selected or recommended by a majority of its independent directors; does not havinghave the compensation of its Chief Executive Officer and other
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of independent directors is that, as a foreign private issuer, the Company is permitted under NASDAQ’s MarketPlace Rules to follow its home country practice, which does not require such committees, and nevertheless maintain the listing of its common shares on the Nasdaq Global Market.
Employees
At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company employed 3,4741,638 persons on a full-time basis, of which nineten were located in Macao and 3,4651,628 were located in or travel to and from China. Of the Company’s employees, at March 31, 20102013
The Company has not experienced significant labor stoppages. Management believes that relations with the Company’s employees are satisfactory.
Share and Option Ownership of Directors and Senior Management
For information concerning the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common shares, including options, by directors and senior management and major shareholders, seeItem 7 of this Report.
Employee Stock Option Plans
In 1995, the Company adopted its 1995 Stock Option Plan permitting the Company to grant options to purchase up to 1,012,500 common shares to employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company. On September 29, 1997, the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders approved an increase of 549,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the Option Plan bringing to a total of 1,561,500 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 1995 Stock Option Plan. No shares remain available for grant under the Company’s 1995 Stock Option Plan.
On August 15, 2001 the Board approved the adoption of the 2001 Stock Option Plan permitting the Company to grant options to purchase up to an additional 1,125,000 common shares to employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company. On January 7, 2002 shareholders approved the 2001 plan.
On August 20, 2003, the Board approved the adoption of the 2003 Stock Option Plan permitting the Company to grant options to purchase up to an additional 900,000 common shares to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company. On September 30, 2003 shareholders approved the 2003 plan. On August 1, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments to the 2003 Stock Option to increase by 500,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan, bringing to a total of 1,400,000 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on September 19, 2005.
On August 17, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments to the 2003 Stock Option to increase by 400,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan, bringing to a total of 1,800,000 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on October 9, 2007.
On August 13, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments to the 2003 Stock Option Plan to increase by 800,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan, bringing to a total of 2,600,000 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual shareholders’ Meeting held on September 16, 2010.
The Company’s option plans are administered by the Board of Directors, which determines the terms of options granted, including the exercise price, the number of shares subject to the option and the option’s exercisability. The exercise price of all options granted under the option plans must be at least equal to the fair
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Through June 30, 2013, options to purchase an aggregate of 5,269,000 shares had been granted under all of Deswell’s option plans. At June 30, 2010 :2013, there were options to purchase
Item7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Major Shareholders
The Company is not directly owned or controlled by another corporation or by any foreign government. The following table sets forth, as of June 30, 2010,2013, the beneficial ownership of the Company’sCompany's common shares by each person known by the Company to beneficially own 5% or more of the common shares of the Company and by each of the Directors and Senior Management of the Company who beneficially own in excess of one percent of the Company’s common shares.
| Number of shares | ||||||||
| beneficially owned(1) | ||||||||
| Name of beneficial owner or identity of group | Amount | Percent | ||||||
| Richard Pui Hon Lau | 1,716,045 | (2) | 10.4 | |||||
| Chin Pang Li | 1,520,750 | (3) | 9.2 | |||||
| FMR LLC and Edward C. Johnson 3d | 991,999 | (4) | 6.1 | |||||
| Franki Shing Fung Tse | * | * | ||||||
| Betty Ching Han Lam | * | * | ||||||
| Hung-Hum Leung | — | — | ||||||
| Allen Yau-Nam Cham | — | — | ||||||
| Wing-Ki Hui | — | — | ||||||
| Shares beneficially owned(1) | ||||||||
| Name of beneficial owner or identity of group | Amount | Percent | ||||||
| Richard Pui Hon Lau | 1,916,045 | (2) | 11.5 | |||||
| Chin Pang Li | 1,720,750 | (3) | 10.3 | |||||
| Franki Shing Fung Tse | 201,000 | (4) | 1.2 | |||||
| Herman Wong Chi Wah | 50,000 | (5) | * | |||||
| Hung-Hum Leung | - | - | ||||||
| Allen Yau-Nam Cham | - | - | ||||||
| Wing-Ki Hui | - | - | ||||||
| * | Less than 1%. |
| (1) | Based on |
| (2) | Consists of |
| (3) | Consists of |
| (4) | Consists of 171,000 shares held of record by Mr. Tse and options to purchase 30,000 shares granted to Mr. Tse under the Company’s stock option plans. Mr. Tse’s options are exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $5.71 per share, with terms expiring from January 20, |
| (5) | Consists of 30,000 shares held of record by Mr. Wong and options to purchase 20,000 shares granted to Mr. Wong under the Company’s stock option plans. Mr. Wong’s options are exercisable at an exercise price of $2.14 per share, with a term expiring on March 7, 2022. |
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Change in the Percentage Ownership Held by Major Shareholders
The following table reflects the percentage of beneficial ownership of Deswell’s common shares by its major (five percent or more) shareholders during the past three years (listed in descending order based on shareholdings at June 30, 2010):
| Percentage Ownership at June 30,(1) | ||||||||||||
| Name of beneficial owner or identity of group | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |||||||||
| Richard Pui Hon Lau | 10.2 | 10.6 | 10.4 | |||||||||
| Chin Pang Li | 9.0 | 9.4 | 9.2 | |||||||||
| FMR LLC and Edward C. Johnson 3d | 5.5 | (2) | (3) | 6.1 | (4) | |||||||
| Wellington Management Company, LLP | 11.4 | (5) | (6) | (6) | ||||||||
| Royce & Associates, LLC | 8.6 | (7) | 5.3 | (8) | (9) | |||||||
| Chi Wai Leung | 8.4 | (10) | (10) | |||||||||
| Percentage Ownership at June 30,(1) | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Richard Pui Hon Lau | 10.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | |||||||||
| Chin Pang Li | 9.2 | �� | 10.2 | 10.3 | ||||||||
| FMR LLC and Edward C. Johnson 3d | 5.5 | (2) | - | (3) | - | (3) | ||||||
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| (1) | Based on |
| (2) | Based on Amendment No. |
| (3) | Less than 5 percent based on Amendment No. | |
All of the holders of the Company’s common shares (including Deswell’s major shareholders) have equal voting rights with respect to the common shares held. As of June 30, 2010,2013, approximately 2419 holders of record, who, management believes, held for more than 3,000 beneficial owners, held Deswell’s common shares. According to information supplied to the Company by its transfer agent, at June 30, 2010, 162013, 12 holders of record with addresses in the United States held approximately 13.413.5 million of our outstanding common shares.
Related Party Transactions
Deswell had no transactions of the kind specified inItem 7.B. of Form 20-F from April 1, 20092012 through June 30, 2010,2013, the latest practical date prior to filing of this Report.
Since Deswell completed its initial public offering in the United States, it has been Deswell’s policy that all transactions between Deswell and any interested director or executive officer be approved by a majority of the disinterested directors and be on terms that are no more favorable than would be available from an independent third party.
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Financial Statements
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are set forth underItem 18 Financial Statements.
Legal Proceedings
The Company is not involved in any material legal proceedings.
Export Sales
Information regarding our export sales is provided inItem 4 “Information on the Company —– “Business Overview —– Customers and Marketing.”
Dividend Policy
Commencing with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003, the Company announced it would pay cash dividends on a quarterly basis based upon the Company’s quarterly results. Under this dividend policy, the Company declared and paid dividends during the year ended March 31,
The Company currently plans to continue its quarterly dividend policy as announced, but such plans and policy for future dividends consist of forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Whether future dividends will be declared will depend upon the Company’s future growth and earnings, of which there can be no assurance, and the Company’s cash flow needs for future development, which growth, earning or cash flow needs may be adversely affected by one or more of the factors discussed inItem 3. Key Information — Risk Factors. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that future cash dividends on the Company’s common shares will be declared, what the amounts of such dividends will be or whether such dividends, once declared for a specific period will continue for any future period or at all.
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The Company’sCompany's shares are traded exclusively on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “DSWL”.
The following chart shows the high and low sale prices per share of Deswell shares as reported by The NASDAQ Global Market for each of Deswell’s fiscal years in the five-year period ended March 31, 2010:
The following chart shows the high and low sale prices per share of Deswell shares as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market duringfor each of the quarters in the two-year period ended March 31, 2010.2013 and for the quarter ended June 30, 2013.
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The following chart shows the high and low sale prices per share of Deswell shares as reported by The NASDAQ Global Market during each of the months in the six-month period ended June 30, 2010.
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Memorandum and Articles of Association
Effective December 13, 2007, we amended and restated our Memorandum and Articles of Associations (collectively the “2007 Charter”), the instruments governing a company organized under the law of the British Virgin Islands, which are comparable in purpose and effect to certificates or articles of incorporation and bylaws of corporations organized in a state of the United States.
Effective March 26, 2010, we amended Regulation 6.15 of our Articles of Association to reduce the number of our outstanding common shares that must be present in person or by proxy in order to hold any meeting of shareholders from no less than 50 percent to no less than 331/333⅓ percent.
Under our 2007 Charter, as amended through March 26, 2010:2010 and applicable to the date of this Report (“our Charter”):
Objects and Purposes
Our objects and purposes are described in Clause 5 of our Memorandum of Association and are generally to engage in any act or activity that is not prohibited under the laws of the British Virgin Islands.
Directors
Our Articles of Association (Regulation 12.4) provides that except as otherwise provided in the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004 (No. 16 of 2004) —– the British Virgin Islands corporate law that governs BVI companies like Deswell —– no agreement or transaction between the Company and one or more of its directors or any person in which any director has a financial interest or to whom any director is related, including as a director of that other person, is void or voidable for this reason only or by reason only that the director is present at the meeting of
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Our Articles of Association (Regulation 7.11) provide that the directors may by a resolution of directors, fix the emoluments of directors with respect to services to be rendered in any capacity to the Company.
British Virgin Islands law and our Articles of Association provide that the management of the business and the control of Deswell shall be vested in the directors, who in addition to the powers and authorities expressly conferred by the Articles of Association, may also exercise all such powers, and do all such acts and things, as may be done by Deswell and are not by the Articles of Association or British Virgin Islands law expressly directed or required to be exercised or done by a meeting of shareholders. Our Articles of Association provide that the directors may by resolution exercise all the powers of Deswell to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertakings and property or any part thereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of Deswell or of any third party.
British Virgin Islands law and our Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association do not contain an age limit requirement for our directors. Under our Articles of Association, no shares are required for director’s qualification.
Rights, Preferences and Restrictions of Authorized and Outstanding Shares and Changes to Rights of Shareholders
Deswell has one class and series of shares authorized or outstanding: common shares, no par value per share. Our authorized capital consists of 30,000,000 common shares, no par value per share, of which 16,191,81016,228,308 common shares were outstanding on June 30, 2010.
Holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote for each whole share on all matters to be voted upon by shareholders, including the election of directors. Holders of our common shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. All of our common shares are equal to each other with respect to liquidation and
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dividend rights. Holders of our common shares are entitled to receive dividends if and when declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available under British Virgin Islands law. In the event of our liquidation, all assets available for distribution to the holders of our common shares are distributable among them according to their respective holdings. Holders of our common shares have no preemptive rights to purchase any additional, unissued common shares.
Calling Annual General Meetings and Extraordinary General Meetings of Shareholders
British Virgin Islands law does not require a company, such as Deswell, to have an annual meeting. Our Articles of Association do, however, require an annual meeting of shareholders for the election of directors and for such other business as may come before the meeting (Regulation 6.3).
Under British Virgin Islands law, unless otherwise provided by a company’scompany's Memorandum of Association or Articles of Association, the directors may call meetings of shareholders at any time (Regulation 6.1) and upon the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise ten percent or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested, the directors shall convene a meeting of Shareholders (Regulation 6.2).
British Virgin Islands law and our Articles of Association state that the directors may fix the date that notice is given of a meeting of shareholders, whether extraordinary or annual, as the record date for determining those shares that are entitled to vote at the meeting.meeting (Regulation 6.6)
British Virgin Islands law and our Articles of Association provide that notice of all meetings of shareholders, stating the time, place and purposes thereof, shall be given not fewer than seven days before the date of the proposed meeting to those persons whose names appear as shareholders in our share register on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting.meeting (Regulation 6.7)
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British Virgin Islands law and our Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association do not impose any limitations on the right of anyone to own, hold or exercisingexercise voting rights to our common shares.
Potential Anti-Takeover Deterrence
Neither our Articles of Association nor Memorandum of Association contain provisions that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Deswell and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Deswell or any of its subsidiaries. However, pursuant to our Memorandum and Articles of Association and pursuant to the laws of the British Virgin Islands, our board of directors without shareholder approval may amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association, (providedprovided that a majority of our independent directors do not vote against the amendment and provided further that our directors may not make an amendment that
(a) to restrict the rights or powers of the shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles;
(b) to change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a Resolution of Shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles;
(c) in circumstances where the Memorandum or the Articles cannot be amended by the Shareholders;
(d) change Clause 7 of our Articles of Association conferring the rights of our shareholders to one vote per share, the right to equal share in dividend paid by the company or to surplus assets on liquidation; or
(e) change Clause 9 of our Articles of Association which sets forth rights of our shareholders and directors to amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Our directors’ ability to amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association without shareholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of Deswell, including a tender offer to purchase our common shares at a premium over the then current market price.
Ownership Information
Neither our Articles of Association nor Memorandum of Association provide that information about our shareholders, even those owning significant percentages of our shares, must be disclosed.
Differences from United States Law
The laws of the British Virgin Islands governing the provisions of our Articles of Association and Memorandum of Association discussed above are not significantly different than the laws governing similar
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provisions in the charter documents of Delaware companies, other than with respect to amending our Memorandum of Association without shareholder approval and with respect to potential anti-takeover deterrence. Delaware law requires shareholders to approve any amendments to a corporation’scorporation's Certificate of Incorporation and contains provisions restricting a Delaware corporation’s rights to engage in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder unless the business combination is approved in the manner prescribed under Delaware law.
Material Contracts
During the two years immediately preceding the filing of this report.
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Taxation
The discussion below is for general information only and is not, and should not be interpreted to be, tax advice to any holder of our common shares. Each holder or a prospective holder of our common shares is urged to consult his, her or its own tax advisor.
General
This section is a general summary of the material United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders, as defined below, of the ownership and disposition of our common shares as of the date of this report. This summary is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, the applicable Treasury regulations promulgated and proposed thereunder, judicial decisions and current administrative rulings and practice, all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. The summary applies to you only if you hold our common shares as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. In addition, this summary generally addresses certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders if we were to be classified as a PFIC. The United States Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, may challenge the tax consequences described below, and we have not requested, nor will we request, a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel with respect to the United States federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding or disposing of our common shares. This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to the ownership of our common shares. In particular, the discussion below does not cover tax consequences that depend upon your particular tax circumstances nor does it cover any state, local or foreign law, or the possible application of the United States federal estate or gift tax. You are urged to consult your own tax advisors regarding the application of the United States federal income tax laws to your particular situation as well as any state, local, foreign and United States federal estate and gift tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the common shares. In addition, this summary does not take into account any special United States federal income tax rules that apply to a particular U.S. or Non-U.S. holder of our common shares, including, without limitation, the following:
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U.S. Holders
For purposes of the discussion below, you are a “U.S. Holder” if you are a beneficial owner of our common shares who or which is:
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A U.S. Holder generally wouldwill be subject to a special tax regime (that differs in certain material respects from that described above) if we wereare a PFIC at any time during which such Holder has held our shares.
A foreign corporation will be treated as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if, after applying relevant look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of its subsidiaries, 75% or more of its gross income consists of certain types of passive income (the “income test”) or 50% or more of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income.
The legislative history of the PFIC provisions states that Congress intended that “[i]n applying the PFIC asset test ….., the total value of a publicly-traded foreign corporation's assets generally will be treated as equal to the sum of the aggregate value of its outstanding stock plus its liabilities.” There are currently no rules that provide any further guidance on this issue. Therefore, based on the average ratio of our passive assets to our market cap plus our current liabilities ("Market Cap Value") at the end of each quarter ("Testing Quarter") of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2013, we are a PFIC. We have not conducted an appraisal of the fair market value of all of our assets, including our plant and equipment. However, in the absence of specific guidance, it is at best unclear that such an appraisal, even if it resulted in a fair market value in excess of our market cap, would satisfy the IRS as to our PFIC status.
As a result of the classification as a PFIC, a special tax regime wouldwill apply to both (a) any “excess distribution” by us (generally, the U.S. Holder’s ratable share of distributions in any year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in the three preceding years or its holding period, if shorter) and (b) any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of your ordinarycommon shares. Under the PFIC regime, any excess distribution and recognized gain wouldwill be treated as ordinary income. The U.S. federal income tax on such ordinary income is determined under the following steps: (i) the amount of the excess distribution or gain is allocated ratably over the US Holder’s holding period for our ordinarycommon shares; (ii) tax is determined for amounts allocated to the first year in the holding period in which we were classified as a PFIC and all subsequent years (except the year in which the excess distribution was received or the sale occurred) by applying the highest applicable tax rate in effect in the year to which the income was allocated; (iii) an interest charge is added to this tax calculated by applying the underpayment interest rate to the tax for each year determined under the preceding sentence from the due date of the income tax return for such year to the due date of the return for the year in which
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the excess distribution or sale occurs; and (iv) amounts allocated to a year prior to the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period in which we were classified as a PFIC or to the year in which the excess distribution or the disposition occurred are taxed as ordinary income and no interest charge applies. The interest charge is non-deductible by individuals but is generally deductible by corporations
Under certain attribution rules, if we were treated asare a PFIC, a U.S. HolderHolders will generally be deemed to own their proportionate share of our shares would generallydirect or indirect equity interest in any company that is also a PFIC (a ‘‘Subsidiary PFIC’’), and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their proportionate share of (a) any “excess distributions,” as described below, on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC rules described above with respect to distributions by us, and dispositions by us(b) a disposition or deemed disposition of the stock of any directa Subsidiary PFIC by us or indirect subsidiaries of ours that are classified as PFICS under either the “asset test” or the “income test,”another Subsidiary PFIC, both as if such holderU.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any indirect gain realized on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC on the sale or disposition of our common shares held by such U.S. Holders. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should be aware that they could be subject to tax even if no distributions are received directly its pro-rata shareand no redemptions or other dispositions of the proceeds from such disposition.
A U.S. Holder may generally avoid the PFIC regime by making a “qualified electing fund” election which generally provides that, in lieu of the foregoing treatment, our earnings, on a pro rata basis, would be currently included in their gross income. However, we may be unable or unwilling to provide information to our U.S. Holders that would enable them to make a “qualified electing fund” election; thus, such election may not be available.
In addition, U.S. Holders may generally avoid the PFIC regime by making the “mark-to-market” election with respect to our common shares as long as we are a PFIC and our common shares are considered to be readily tradable on an established securities market within the United States. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in ordinary income each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of our common shares over your tax adjusted basis in such common shares as of the end of each year. This “mark-to-market” election generally enables a U.S. Holder to avoid the deferred interest charge that would otherwise be imposed on them if we were to be classified as a PFIC. However, if we wereare a PFIC, such election wouldwill not be available for any of our
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If we are treated as a PFIC at any time that you hold our shares but cease to be classified as a PFIC in a later year, we will continue to be classified as a PFIC with respect to you unless you make a deemed sale election in a timely manner to be taxed as if you sold your shares on the last day of our last year during which we were treated as a PFIC. In this case, you would pay tax on the gain on the deemed sale treated as ordinary income and an interest charge, and no loss will be allowed to you. A timely deemed sale election can also be made with respect to any of our subsidiaries that are treated as PFICs,Subsidiary PFIC, in which case you will be taxed on the amount of gain treated as ordinary income and pay an interest charge as if the stock of such subsidiariessubsidiary had been actually sold or disposed of by us while we were a PFIC and you held our shares. If we subsequently become a PFIC, you will again be subject to the general PFIC rules discussed herein. We do not expect to monitor our status (or the status of any of our subsidiaries) as a PFIC for the current taxable year or in any future taxable year and, therefore, we may not be able to inform you as whether we (or any of our subsidiaries) have become a PFIC in any given year or whether we (or any of our subsidiaries) have subsequently ceased to be a PFIC.
If we wereare treated as a PFIC, each U.S. Holder wouldwill be required to make an annual return on IRS Form 8621 or its successor, reporting, among other things, distributions received and gain realized with respect to each PFIC in which such holder holds a direct or indirect interest, and may be required to provide other information as specified by the IRS. In this regard, we note, in particular, that under recently enacted legislation U.S. Holders may be subject to further reporting requirements in connection with the annual filing of their respective U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to shareholdings in foreign corporations, which may include affirming whether or not a foreign corporation in which such U.S. Holder has invested is (or is not) a PFIC irrespective of whether any distributions have been received, the U.S. Holder has disposed of any stock of the foreign corporation, or the foreign corporation has disposed of any stock of its foreign subsidiaries in the relevant taxable year.
An actual determination of PFIC status is highly factual in nature. Given the complexity of the issues that may result if we are classified as or become a PFIC, you are urged to consult your own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to you, including any reporting obligations that may be imposed on you, in the event that this should occur, in view of your particular circumstances.
In addition, recent legislation imposes, beginning in 2013, a new 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on net investment income, including interest, dividends and capital gains, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly), estates and trusts. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of such tax on their ownership and disposition of our shares.
Non-U.S. Holders
If you are not a U.S. Holder, you are a “Non-U.S. Holder.”
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Distributions on Our Common Shares
You generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, on distributions made on our common shares unless:
| the distributions are effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business (and, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for you to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis in respect of income from our common shares, such distributions are attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States). |
If you meet the two tests above, you generally will be subject to tax in respect of such dividends in the same manner as a U.S. Holder, as described above. In addition, any effectively connected dividends received by a non-U.S. corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30 percent rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Common Shares
Generally, you will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, in respect of gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of our common shares unless:
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You will be subject to tax in respect of any gain effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States generally in the same manner as a U.S. Holder, as described above. Effectively connected gains realized by a non-U.S. corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a rate of 30 percent or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Payments, including dividends and proceeds of sales, in respect of our common shares that are made in the United States or by a United States related financial intermediary will be subject to United States information reporting rules. In addition, such payments may be subject to United States federal backup withholding tax. You will not be subject to backup withholding provided that:
| you provide your correct United States federal taxpayer identification number and certify, under penalties of perjury, that you are not subject to backup withholding. |
Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be credited against your United States federal income tax, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS in a timely manner.
British Virgin Islands Tax Consequences
Under the International BusinessBVI Companies Act, 2004 of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of common equity, such as our common shares, who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is exempt from British Virgin Islands income tax on dividends paid with respect to the common equity and all holders of common equity are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for income tax on gains realized on sale or disposal of such shares: The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by a company incorporated under the International Business Companies Act.
There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the International Business Companies Act. In addition, our common shares are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges. There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands.
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Documents on Display
Deswell is subject to the information requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and, in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Deswell files annual reports on Form 20-F within sixfour months of its fiscal year end, and submits other reports and information under cover of Form 6-K with the SEC. You may read and copy this information at the SEC’s public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Recent filings and reports are also available free of charge though the EDGAR electronic filing system at www.sec.gov. You can also request copies of the documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the public reference section of the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference room or accessing documents through EDGAR.
As a foreign private issuer, Deswell is exempt from the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders.
Item11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Exchange Controls
There are no exchange control restrictions on payments of dividends on the Company’s common shares or on the conduct of the Company’s operations either in Macao, where the Company’s principal executive offices are located, or the British Virgin Islands, where the Company is incorporated. Other jurisdictions in which the Company conducts operations may have various exchange controls. There are no material British Virgin Islands’ laws which impose foreign exchange controls on the Company or that affect the payment of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of the Company’s common shares. British Virgin Islands’ law and the
52
To the extent that the Company may decide to pay cash dividends in the future, such dividends will be declared from the retained earnings, i.e., surplus, as determined by resolution of the directors of the Company. As the Company is a holding company, the amount of its retained earnings will be limited by the amount of dividends that can be declared by its subsidiaries. Dividends declared by subsidiaries will be based on the profits reported in their statutory accounts prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the relevant countries, primarily Macao and China, which differ from U.S. GAAP. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. China’s laws and regulations regulate dividend distribution and repatriation by the Company’s China subsidiaries. To date these controls, with the exception of a requirement that 10% of profits to be reserved for future developments and staff welfare, have not had and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial results.
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Foreign Currency Risk
At March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, the Company had no open forward exchange contracts or option contracts.
| Equivalent | ||||
| U.S. Dollar | ||||
| Holdings | ||||
| United States dollars | $ | 18,155,000 | ||
| Hong Kong dollars | 13,633,000 | |||
| Chinese RMB | 3,199,000 | |||
| Macao dollars | 100,000 | |||
| Euro | 17,000 | |||
| Japanese yen | 14,000 | |||
| Pounds sterling | 2,000 | |||
| Equivalent U.S. Dollar Holdings | ||||
| (in thousands) | ||||
| United States dollars | $ | 14,919 | ||
| Chinese RMB | 14,568 | |||
| Hong Kong dollars | 2,419 | |||
| Macao dollars | 101 | |||
| Euro | 9 | |||
| Japanese yen | 9 | |||
| Pounds sterling | 4 | |||
| Canadian dollars | 1 | |||
| $ | 32,030 | |||
See discussion of Exchange Rate Fluctuation inItem 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
Interest Rate Risk
Our interest expenses and income are sensitive to changes in interest rates, as all of our cash reserves and borrowings are subject to interest rate changes. Cash on hand of $11.0$6.9 million as at March 31, 20102013 was invested in short-term interest bearing investments. As such, interest income will fluctuate with changes in short term interest rates. As of March 31, 20102013, we had no long-term debt or short-term bank loans outstanding on our credit facilities.
Item12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
| A. Debt Securities | Disclosures underItems 12A to 12D(2) of Form 20-F are not required when Form 20-F is used as an annual report and, in any event, are not applicable to Deswell. | ||
| B. Warrants and Rights | |||
| C. Other Securities | |||
| D. American Depositary Shares | |||
| (1) | |||
| (2) | |||
| (3) | Disclosures underItems 12D(3) and 12D(4) of Form 20-F are required even when Form 20-F is used as an annual report. However, Deswell has no Amercian Depositary Recepts deposited or outstanding. | ||
| (4) |
PART II
Item13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
Not Applicable.
Item14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not Applicable to Deswell.
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53
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of March 31, 2010.
Based on this evaluation, the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 20102013 such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Deswell’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
A deficiency in internal control over financial reporting exists, as defined under Standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assignsassigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. A significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for oversight of the company’s financial reporting.
Deswell’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2010.2013. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control Integrated Framework.
Based on the assessment, Deswell’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that, as of March 31, 2010,2013, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on above described criteria.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 20102013 has been audited by BDO Limited,China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm with a report to the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Deswell Industries, Inc., which is set forth immediately below.on the following page.
| 57 |
54
Deswell Industries, Inc.
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Deswell Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2010,2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control —– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our auditaudits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our auditaudits included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our auditaudits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit providesaudits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of theits inherent limitation,limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Deswell Industries, Inc. and its subsidiariesthe Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2010,2013, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Deswell Industries, Inc. and its subsidiariesthe Company as of March 31, 20092013 and 2010,2012, and the related consolidated statements of incomeoperations and comprehensive income,loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the periodthen ended March 31, 2010 and our report dated July 29, 201016, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP
BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP
Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
July 16, 2013
| 58 | ||||
55
There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls during the period covered by this Report that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Item16. RESERVED
Item16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Deswell’s Board of Directors has determined that at least one person serving on the Audit Committee is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined underItem 16A(b) of Form 20-F. Mr. Allen Yau-Nam Cham is an “audit committee financial expert.”
Item16B. CODE OF ETHICS
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, which applies to the Company’s principal executive officer and to its principal financial and accounting officers. A copy of the Code of Ethics is attachedincluded as Exhibit 11.1 to this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Item16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Deswell’s principal accountants for the audit of its financial statements for each of the two years in the period ended March 31, 2010 was2012 and March 31, 2013 were BDO LimitedChina Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP (“BDO”BDO China”).
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
Audit fees(1) | $ | 226 | $ | 206 | ||||
Audit-related fees(2) | — | — | ||||||
Tax fees(3) | — | — | ||||||
All other fees(4) | — | — | ||||||
| $ | 226 | $ | 206 | |||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
| Audit fees(1) | $ | 193 | $ | 193 | ||||
| Audit-related fees(2) | - | - | ||||||
| Tax fees(3) | - | - | ||||||
| All other fees(4) | - | - | ||||||
| $ | 193 | $ | 193 | |||||
| (1) | Audit Fees consist of fees billed for the annual audit of our consolidated financial statements and the statutory financial statements of our subsidiaries. They also include fees billed for other audit services, which are those services that only the external auditor reasonably can provide, and include the provision for consents relating to the review of documents filed with the SEC. |
| (2) | There were no other audit-related fees billed by the principal accountant during the last two fiscal years for assurance and related services that were reasonably related to the performance of the audit not reported under “Audit Fees” above. |
| (3) | There were no tax fees billed by the principal accountant during the last two fiscal |
| (4) | There were no other fees billed by the principal accountant during the last two fiscal years for products and services |
Audit Committee Pre-approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit related services provided by the independent auditors. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. Pre-approval is generally provided for up to one year and any pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or category of services. Management will periodically report to the Audit Committee regarding the extent of services provided and the fees for the services performed by the independent auditors in accordance with this pre-approval policy. The Audit Committee may also pre-approve particular services on a case-by-case basis.
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Item16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE.
As of the date of this Report, Deswell is not availing itself of an exemption from the independence standards contained in paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (except paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(B) of that Rule), the general exemption contained in paragraph (c)(3) of that Rule or the last sentence of paragraph (a)(3) of that Rule.
Item16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATE PURCHASERS
The following table sets information regarding purchases by Deswell of its common shares during the year ended March 31, 2013.
| Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities(1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Period | (a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Puchased | (b) Average Price Paid per Share (or Units) | (c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | (d) Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares ( or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | ||||||||||||
| 4/1 to 4/30/2012 | 0 | $ | - | 0 | $ | 4,000,000 | ||||||||||
| 5/1 to 5/31/2012 | 0 | $ | - | 0 | $ | 4,000,000 | ||||||||||
| 6/1 to 6/30/2012 | 15,738 | $ | 2.68 | 15,738 | $ | 3,957,822 | ||||||||||
| 7/1 to 7/31/2012 | 45,781 | $ | 2.65 | 45,781 | $ | 3,836,503 | ||||||||||
| 8/1 to 8/31/2012 | 45,042 | $ | 2.74 | 45,042 | $ | 3,713,087 | ||||||||||
| 9/1 to 9/30/2012 | 60,148 | $ | 2.79 | 60,148 | $ | 3,545,275 | ||||||||||
| 10/1 to 10/31/2012 | 67,880 | $ | 2.71 | 67,880 | $ | 3,361,320 | ||||||||||
| 11/1 to 11/30/2012 | 66,608 | $ | 2.65 | 66,608 | $ | 3,184,809 | ||||||||||
| 12/1 to 12/31/2012 | 67,495 | $ | 2.51 | 67,495 | $ | 3,015,396 | ||||||||||
| 1/1 to 1/31/2013 | 0 | $ | - | 0 | $ | 3,015,396 | ||||||||||
| 2/1 to 2/28/2013 | 0 | $ | - | 0 | $ | 3,015,396 | ||||||||||
| 3/1 to 3/31/2013 | 45,470 | $ | 2.59 | 45,470 | $ | 2,897,629 | ||||||||||
| Total | 414,162 | $ | 2.66 | 414,162 | $ | 2,897,629 | ||||||||||
| (1) | On March 14, 2012, the Company announced that its board of directors had unanimously approved a share repurchase program authorizing Deswell’s management to purchase up to $4 million of Deswell’s outstanding common shares during the next two years. During the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2013, there was no share purchase plan or program that either expired or with respect to which Deswell determined to terminate prior to expiration, or under which Deswell does not intend to make further purchases. All shares were purchased by Deswell. |
Item
16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT56
Previously reported in Item 16-F of Deswell’s Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2012 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 20, 2012.
For information regarding whether our corporate governance standards differ from those applied to US domestic issuers and the reason why we do not have an independent compensation committee, see the discussion under “Other Committees; NASDAQ Compliance” inItem 6. Directors and Senior Management of this Report.
Item 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable to Deswell.
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PART III
Item17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not Applicable.
Item18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following financial statements are filed as part of this Report:
| Page | ||||
| – BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP | F-1 | |||
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – BDO Limited | F-2 | |||
| Balance Sheets | F-3 | |||
| Operations and Comprehensive Loss | F-4 | |||
| Shareholders’ Equity | F-5 | |||
| of Cash Flows | F-6 | |||
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-7 |
All other schedules for which provisions are made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.
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57
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Deswell Industries, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Deswell Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 20092013 and 2010,2012 and the related consolidated statements of incomeoperations and comprehensive income,loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2010.then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Deswell Industries, Inc. and subsidiariesthe Company as of March 31, 20092013 and 2010,2012 and the consolidated results of theirits operations and theirits cash flows for each of the three years in the periodthen ended, March 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Deswell Industries, Inc.’sthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2010,2013, based on criteria established inInternal Control —– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated July 29, 201016, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP
BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP
Shenzhen,People’s Republic ofChina
July 16, 2013
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Deswell Industries, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2011 of Deswell Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”). These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ BDO Limited
BDO Limited
Hong Kong,August 2, 2011
| F-2 | ||||
F-1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 23,134 | $ | 35,120 | ||||
| Marketable securities (note 3) | 100 | 5,673 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, less allowances for doubtful amounts of $349 and $223 at March 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively | 22,227 | 14,399 | ||||||
| Inventories (note 4) | 21,445 | 15,808 | ||||||
| Assets held for sale (note 6) | 987 | — | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets (note 5) | 1,887 | 1,844 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 69,780 | 72,844 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment-net (note 6) | 66,564 | 60,705 | ||||||
| Deferred income tax assets (note 9) | 746 | 70 | ||||||
| Goodwill (note 7) | 392 | 392 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 137,482 | $ | 134,011 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 10,370 | $ | 7,298 | ||||
| Accrued payroll and employee benefits | 2,473 | 2,570 | ||||||
| Customer deposits | 1,460 | 883 | ||||||
| Other accrued liabilities (note 8) | 2,167 | 1,905 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 705 | — | ||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities (note 9) | — | 340 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 17,175 | 12,996 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (note 10) | — | — | ||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Common shares nil par value-authorized 30,000,000 shares, shares issued and outstanding March 31, 2009 — 15,790,810; March 31, 2010 — 16,191,810 | 49,923 | 50,803 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 7,771 | 7,719 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 5,316 | 5,316 | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 57,297 | 57,177 | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 120,307 | 121,015 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 137,482 | $ | 134,011 | ||||
| March 31 | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 33,073 | $ | 32,030 | ||||
| Time deposits maturing over three months | 4,008 | 8,684 | ||||||
| Marketable securities (note 3) | - | 6,168 | ||||||
| Available-for-sale securities (note 4) | 7,630 | 1,586 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $447 and $574 at March 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively | 12,476 | 8,291 | ||||||
| Inventories (note 5) | 15,852 | 11,376 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets (note 6) | 2,164 | 1,152 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 75,203 | 69,287 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment-net (note 7) | 46,177 | 42,694 | ||||||
| Deferred income tax assets (note 10) | 187 | 192 | ||||||
| Goodwill (note 8) | 392 | 392 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 121,959 | $ | 112,565 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 5,741 | $ | 3,144 | ||||
| Accrued payroll and employee benefits | 3,778 | 4,133 | ||||||
| Customer deposits | 2,257 | 1,254 | ||||||
| Other accrued liabilities (note 9) | 1,311 | 1,260 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 438 | 592 | ||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities (note 10) | 421 | 606 | ||||||
| Dividend payable | 324 | - | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | $ | 14,270 | $ | 10,989 | ||||
| Commitments and contingencies (note 11) | ||||||||
| Shareholders' equity: | ||||||||
| Common shares nil par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; 16,196,810 and 16,801,810 shares issued as of March 31, 2012 and 2013; 16,196,810 and 16,387,648 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2012 and 2013 | $ | 50,816 | $ | 52,443 | ||||
| Treasury stock at cost; nil and 414,162 shares as of March 31, 2012 and 2013 (note 14) | - | (1,102 | ) | |||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 8,265 | 7,933 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 4,570 | 5,288 | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 44,038 | 37,014 | ||||||
| Total shareholders' equity | 107,689 | 101,576 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 121,959 | $ | 112,565 | ||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
| F-3 |
F-2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOMEOPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOMELOSS
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data)
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 84,022 | $ | 64,783 | $ | 54,074 | ||||||
| Cost of sales | 74,474 | 55,318 | 47,264 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 9,548 | 9,465 | 6,810 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 13,941 | 12,273 | 10,803 | |||||||||
| Other income (expenses), net | (4,435 | ) | 639 | 274 | ||||||||
| Operating loss | (8,828 | ) | (2,169 | ) | (3,719 | ) | ||||||
| Non-operating income, net | 1,096 | 1,190 | 2,056 | |||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (7,732 | ) | (979 | ) | (1,663 | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes (note 10) | 382 | 482 | 328 | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | (8,114 | ) | (1,461 | ) | (1,991 | ) | ||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities | - | (746 | ) | 718 | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | $ | (8,114 | ) | $ | (2,207 | ) | $ | (1,273 | ) | |||
| Net loss per share attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. (note 2) | ||||||||||||
| Basic: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss per share | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||||||||||
| (shares in thousands) | 16,193 | 16,197 | 16,467 | |||||||||
| Diluted: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss per share | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||
| Weighted average common and potential common shares | ||||||||||||
| (shares in thousands) | 16,193 | 16,197 | 16,467 | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
| F-4 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data)
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 143,806 | $ | 131,738 | $ | 81,614 | ||||||
| Cost of sales | 117,373 | 111,570 | 68,958 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 26,433 | 20,168 | 12,656 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 19,601 | 19,291 | 15,505 | |||||||||
| Other income (expenses), net | 1,838 | (132 | ) | 4,594 | ||||||||
| Operating income | 8,670 | 745 | 1,745 | |||||||||
| Non-operating income, net | 521 | 168 | 444 | |||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 9,191 | 913 | 2,189 | |||||||||
| Income taxes (note 9) | 104 | (282 | ) | 690 | ||||||||
| Net income | 9,087 | 1,195 | 1,499 | |||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | 228 | — | — | |||||||||
| Net income attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | 8,859 | 1,195 | 1,499 | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 2,628 | 1,582 | — | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | $ | 11,487 | $ | 2,777 | $ | 1,499 | ||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. (note 2) | ||||||||||||
| Basic: | ||||||||||||
| Net income per share | $ | 0.57 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding (shares in thousands) | 15,517 | 15,791 | 15,965 | |||||||||
| Diluted: | ||||||||||||
| Net income per share | $ | 0.57 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||
| Weighted average common and potential common shares (shares in thousands) | 15,556 | 15,805 | 16,039 | |||||||||
| Common stock | Treasury Stock | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares outstanding | Amount | Shares | Amount | Additional paid-in capital | other comprehensive income | Retained earnings | Shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2010 | 16,191,810 | 50,803 | - | - | 7,719 | 5,316 | 57,177 | 121,015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 3,000 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | (8,114 | ) | (8,114 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends ($0.10 per share) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,620 | ) | (1,620 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2011 | 16,194,810 | 50,809 | - | - | 7,719 | 5,316 | 47,443 | 111,287 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities | - | - | - | - | - | (746 | ) | - | (746 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | 549 | - | - | 549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 2,000 | 7 | - | - | (3 | ) | - | - | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,461 | ) | (1,461 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends ($0.12 per share) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,944 | ) | (1,944 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2012 | 16,196,810 | 50,816 | - | - | 8,265 | 4,570 | 44,038 | 107,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities | - | - | - | - | - | 718 | - | 718 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 605,000 | 1,627 | - | - | (332 | ) | - | - | 1,295 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | - | - | (414,162 | ) | (1,102 | ) | - | - | - | (1,102 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,991 | ) | (1,991 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends ($0.30 per share) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (5,033 | ) | (5,033 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2013 | 16,801,810 | 52,443 | (414,162 | ) | (1,102 | ) | 7,933 | 5,288 | 37,014 | 101,576 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
| F-5 |
F-3
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Additional | other | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | paid-in | comprehensive | Retained | Shareholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| outstanding | Amount | capital | income | earnings | equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2007 | 15,038,730 | 42,393 | 7,601 | 1,106 | 60,555 | 111,655 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 310 | — | — | 310 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 120,000 | 1,188 | (202 | ) | — | — | 986 | |||||||||||||||||
| Issue of common stock for acquisition of additional interest in a subsidiary | 632,080 | 6,342 | — | — | — | 6,342 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | 2,628 | — | 2,628 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 8,859 | 8,859 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends ($0.61 per share) | — | — | — | — | (9,523 | ) | (9,523 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2008 | 15,790,810 | 49,923 | 7,709 | 3,734 | 59,891 | 121,257 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 62 | — | — | 62 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | 1,582 | — | 1,582 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 1,195 | 1,195 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends ($0.24 per share) | — | — | — | — | (3,789 | ) | (3,789 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2009 | 15,790,810 | 49,923 | 7,771 | 5,316 | 57,297 | 120,307 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 125 | — | — | 125 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 401,000 | 880 | (177 | ) | — | — | 703 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 1,499 | 1,499 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends ($0.10 per share) | — | — | — | — | (1,619 | ) | (1,619 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2010 | 16,191,810 | 50,803 | 7,719 | 5,316 | 57,177 | 121,015 | ||||||||||||||||||
F-4
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 8,859 | $ | 1,195 | $ | 1,499 | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,940 | 7,264 | 7,011 | |||||||||
| Impairment of property, plant and equipment | — | 176 | 8 | |||||||||
| Loss (gain) on sale of property, plant and equipment | 43 | 216 | (4,339 | ) | ||||||||
| Unrealized holding (gain) loss on marketable securities | (9 | ) | 16 | (42 | ) | |||||||
| Gain on disposal of marketable securities | — | — | (160 | ) | ||||||||
| Impairment loss on goodwill | 317 | — | — | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 310 | 62 | 125 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 228 | — | — | |||||||||
| Deferred tax | (551 | ) | (517 | ) | 1,016 | |||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (334 | ) | (918 | ) | 7,828 | |||||||
| Inventories | 3,033 | 4,923 | 5,637 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (345 | ) | 1,306 | 287 | ||||||||
| Income taxes receivable | 127 | 3 | — | |||||||||
| Accounts payable | (3,338 | ) | (2,157 | ) | (3,072 | ) | ||||||
| Accrued payroll and employee benefits | 23 | (376 | ) | 97 | ||||||||
| Customer deposits | 342 | 335 | (577 | ) | ||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | 594 | 67 | (262 | ) | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 179 | 74 | (705 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 16,418 | 11,669 | 14,351 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (7,288 | ) | (7,402 | ) | (1,606 | ) | ||||||
| Acquisition of non-controlling interest in a subsidiary | (414 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, net of transaction costs | 333 | 345 | 5,528 | |||||||||
| Purchase of marketable securities | — | — | (5,631 | ) | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | — | — | 260 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (7,369 | ) | (7,057 | ) | (1,449 | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | (9,523 | ) | (3,789 | ) | (1,619 | ) | ||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 986 | — | 703 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (8,537 | ) | (3,789 | ) | (916 | ) | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes | (2,343 | ) | (407 | ) | — | |||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (1,831 | ) | 416 | 11,986 | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 24,549 | 22,718 | 23,134 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 22,718 | $ | 23,134 | $ | 35,120 | ||||||
| Supplementary disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for: | ||||||||||||
| Interest | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Income taxes | $ | 365 | $ | 79 | $ | 380 | ||||||
| Supplementary disclosures of significant non-cash transactions: | ||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of additional 24% shareholding in a subsidiary | $ | 6,342 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of acquired net assets of additional shareholding of a subsidiary | $ | (1,314 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (8,114 | ) | $ | (1,461 | ) | $ | (1,991 | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,197 | 4,920 | 4,219 | |||||||||
| Provision for doubtful accounts | 378 | 18 | 214 | |||||||||
| Allowances for obsolete inventories | 1,408 | 263 | 110 | |||||||||
| Impairment of property, plant and equipment | 4,474 | - | 197 | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment | (71 | ) | (77 | ) | (78 | ) | ||||||
| Unrealized holding loss (gain) on marketable securities | 21 | - | (186 | ) | ||||||||
| Gain on disposal of marketable securities | (853 | ) | (22 | ) | (360 | ) | ||||||
| Realized gain on sales of available-for-sale securities | - | - | (102 | ) | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expenses | - | 549 | - | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax | (211 | ) | 175 | 180 | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (3,189 | ) | 4,716 | 3,971 | ||||||||
| Inventories | (5,117 | ) | 3,402 | 4,366 | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (310 | ) | (10 | ) | 1,012 | |||||||
| Accounts payable | (434 | ) | (1,123 | ) | (2,597 | ) | ||||||
| Accrued payroll and employee benefits | 1,401 | (193 | ) | 355 | ||||||||
| Customer deposits | 1,082 | 292 | (1,003 | ) | ||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | (452 | ) | (142 | ) | (51 | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 596 | (158 | ) | 154 | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (3,194 | ) | 11,149 | 8,410 | ||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (1,034 | ) | (282 | ) | (951 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, net of transaction costs | 87 | 314 | 96 | |||||||||
| Purchase of marketable securities | (8,049 | ) | (3,184 | ) | (7,983 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | 13,509 | 4,251 | 2,361 | |||||||||
| Purchase of available-for-sale securities | - | (8,376 | ) | - | ||||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of available-for-sale securities | - | - | 6,864 | |||||||||
| Increase in fixed deposits maturing over three months | - | (4,008 | ) | (4,676 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 4,513 | (11,285 | ) | (4,289 | ) | |||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | (810 | ) | (2,430 | ) | (5,357 | ) | ||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 6 | 4 | 1,295 | |||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | - | - | (1,102 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (804 | ) | (2,426 | ) | (5,164 | ) | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 515 | (2,562 | ) | (1,043 | ) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 35,120 | 35,635 | 33,073 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 35,635 | $ | 33,073 | $ | 32,030 | ||||||
| Supplementary disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for: | ||||||||||||
| Interest | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
| Income taxes | $ | - | $ | 469 | $ | 2 | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
| F-6 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
F-5
1. Organization and Basis of Financial Statements
Deswell Industries, Inc. was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on December 2, 1993.
The principal activities of the Company comprise the manufacture and sale of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electronic products assembling and metallic parts manufacturing. The manufacturing activities are subcontracted to subsidiaries operating in Mainland China. The selling and administrative activities were originally performed in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“("Hong Kong”Kong") of the People’sPeople's Republic of China (“China”("China"). From August 2003, these activities were moved to the Macao Special Administrative Region (“Macao”) of China.
As the Company is a holding company, the amount of any dividends to be declared by the Company will be dependent upon the amount which can be distributed from its subsidiaries. Dividends from subsidiaries are declared based on profits as reported in their statutory accounts. Such profits differ from the amounts reported under U.S. GAAP. At March 31, 2010,2012 and 2013, the retained earnings available for distribution as reflected in the statutory books of the subsidiaries were $54,100.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of consolidation—- The consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of all subsidiaries. Intercompany balances, transactions and cash flows are eliminated on consolidation.
Goodwill—- The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded on the balance sheet as goodwill. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 350, “Intangibles —– Goodwill and Other” (formerly the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142 “Goodwill and other Intangible Assets”), which requires the carrying value of goodwill to be evaluated for impairment on an annual basis.basis or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The Company regularly conducted annual impairment evaluation.
Cash and cash equivalents—- Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash accounts, interest bearing savings accounts and time certificates of deposit with a maturity of three months or less when purchased.
Marketable securities —-All marketable securities are classified as trading securities and are stated at fair market value. Market value is determined by the most recently traded price of the security at the balance sheet date. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included in non-operating income. The cost of investments sold is based on the average cost method and interest earned is included in non-operating income.
Available-for-sales securities -Available-for-sale securities are investments in debt securities that have readily determinable fair values not classified as trading securities or as held-to-maturity securities. All available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value and represent securities that are available to meet liquidity and/or other needs of the Company. Gains and losses are recognized and reported separately in the consolidated statements of operations upon realization or when impairment of values is deemed to be other than temporary. In estimating other-than temporary impairment losses, management considers, (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (iii) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery in fair value. Gains or losses are recognized using the specific identification method. Unrealized holding gains and losses for securities available-for-sale are excluded from the consolidated statements of operations and reported net of taxes in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of shareholders' equity until realized.
| F-7 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
F-6
Inventories —Inventories -Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value.market. Cost is determined on the weighted average basis. Work-in-progress and finished goods inventories consist of raw materials, direct labour and overhead associated with the manufacturing process. WriteThe Company periodically performs an analysis of inventory to determine obsolete or slow-moving inventory and determine if its cost exceeds the estimated market value.Write down of potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory are recorded based on management’s analysis of inventory levels.
Property, plant and equipment—- Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost including the cost of improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are provided on the straight line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
| Leasehold land and buildings | 30 - 50 years | |||
| Plant and machinery | 5 - | |||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 4 - 5 years | |||
| Motor vehicles | 3 - | |||
| Leasehold improvements | 2 - 5years | |||
Leases—- Leases are classified at the inception date as either a capital lease or an operating lease. For the lessee, a lease is a capital lease if any of the following conditions exist: a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) there is a bargain purchase option, c) the lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life or d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased property to the lessor at the inception date. A capital lease is accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and an incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases.leases, the total rental payments made under the leases are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as incurred. The Company has no capital leases for any of the periods presented.
ValuationImpairment of long-lived assets— The-Long-lived assets are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. In accordance with ASC No. 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, the Company periodically evaluatesassesses the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets by first grouping its long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with and expected to be heldarise from the use of and used, including other intangible assets subject to amortization, when events and circumstances warranteventual disposition of such a review.asset group. The Company estimates the undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group. If the carrying value of a long-livedthe asset is considered impaired whengroup exceeds the anticipatedestimated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based onflows, the amount by whichCompany records an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset. Fairasset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair value through quoted market value is determined primarilyprices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discounted cash flow methodology. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses based on a number of estimates and assumptions, including the anticipated cash flows discounted at aexpected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group, discount rate commensurateand long-term growth rate.
In evaluation of undiscounted projected cash-flows associated with those assets, the risk involved. Losses onCompany assessed that long-lived assets at the reporting date to be disposedless than the fair value and the sum of are determined in a similar manner, exceptundiscounted cash flows. Accordingly, the Company impaired that fair marketthe carrying values are reducedof long-lived assets of $4,474, $nil and $197 for the cost to dispose.
Revenue recognition—- Sales of goods are recognized when goods are shipped, title of goods sold has passed to the purchaser, the price is fixed or determinable as stated on the sales contract,contracts and/or orders, and its collectability is reasonably assured. Customers do not have a general right of return on products shipped. The Company permits the return of damaged or defective products and accounts for these actual returns as deduction from sales. Products returns to the Company were insignificant during past years.
Other cComprehensiveomprehensive income (loss) -— Other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092012 and 20102013 represented foreign currency translation adjustmentsunrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and were included in the consolidated statement of income.operations and comprehensive loss.
| F-8 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - continued
Allowance for doubtful account—- The Company regularly monitors and assesses the risk of not collecting amounts owed to the Company by customers. This evaluation is based upon a variety of factors including: ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, an analysis of amounts current and past due along with relevant history and facts particular to the customer. Based upon the results of this analysis, the Company records an allowance for uncollectible accounts for this risk. This analysis requires the Company to make significant estimates, and changes in facts and circumstances could result in material changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts. Unanticipated changes in the liquidity or financial position of the Company’s customers may require additional provisions for doubtful accounts.
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful account | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||
| Balance at beginning of the year | $ | 223 | $ | 599 | $ | 447 | ||||||
| Provision for the year | 378 | 18 | 214 | |||||||||
| Charge off during the year | - | (171 | ) | (88 | ) | |||||||
| Exchange difference | (2 | ) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| $ | 599 | $ | 447 | $ | 574 | |||||||
The provision for the year was charged to other income (expenses) in consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Shipping and handling cost-cost -Shipping and handling costs related to the delivery of finished goods are included in selling expenses. During the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, shipping and handling costs expensed to selling expenses were $1,005, $1,714$863, $762 and $985,$704, respectively.
F-7
The Company adopted the provisions of ASC No. 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) (formerly the FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized by prescribing a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also provides accounting guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure and transition.
Foreign currency translation—- The consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented in U.S. dollars as the Company is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands where the currency is the U.S. dollar. The Company’sCompany's subsidiaries conduct substantially all of their business in U.S. dollars, Hong Kong dollars or Chinese renminbi orRenminbi. Notwithstanding this, U.S. dollar is considered by management to be the most appropriate functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries because most of our customers contracted with our subsidiaries in U.S. dollars. The exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.782, 7.7597 and 7.7597 as of March 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. The exchange rates between the Chinese renminbi and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.1076, 6.8417 and 6.8417 as of March 31, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively.
All transactions in currencies other than functional currencies during the year are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Monetary items existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies are translated at period end rates. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions and balances are included in income.
The exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.7965, 7.7677 and 7.7502 as of March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. The exchange rates between the Chinese Renminbi and the U.S. dollar were approximately 6.583, 6.316 and 6.249 as of March 31, 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively.
Aggregate net foreign currency transaction gain(loss)gain (loss) included in other income were $2,047, $704$(372), $266 and ($43)$53 for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, respectively.
| F-9 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
F-8
Post-retirement and post-employment benefits—- The Company and its subsidiaries contribute to a state pension scheme in respect of its Chinese employees.
Stock-based compensation—- The Company adopts ASC No. 718, “Compensation —– Stock Compensation” (formerly the SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) “Share-based Payment”), which requires that share-based payment transactions with employees, such as share options, be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding addition to equity. Under this method, compensation cost related to employee share options or similar equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period.
For the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, the Company records stock-based compensation expenses amounted to $310, $62$nil, $549 and $125$nil in the consolidated statement of incomeoperations respectively. There is no tax benefit recognized in relation to the stock-based compensation expenses incurred for the three years.
The fair value of options granted in the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012, and 20102013 were estimated using the Binomial option pricing model with the following assumptions:
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate — weighted average | 3.63 | % | 2.90 | % | 2.88 | % | ||||||
| Expected life of options — weighted average | 10 years | 10 years | 10 years | |||||||||
| Stock volatility | 41.28 | % | 40.49 | % | 47.08 | % | ||||||
| Expected dividend yield | 5.04 | % | 7.35 | % | 6.61 | % | ||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate – weighted average | N/A | 2.07 | % | N/A | ||||||||
| Expected life of options – weighted average | N/A | 10 years | N/A | |||||||||
| Stock volatility | N/A | 43.90 | % | N/A | ||||||||
| Expected dividend yield | N/A | 5.83 | % | N/A | ||||||||
The Company applied judgment in estimating key assumptions in determining the fair value of the stock options on the date of grant. The Company used historical data to estimate the expected life of options, stock volatility and expected dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate of the option was based on the 10 years U.S. Treasury yield at time of grant.
Net incomeloss per share—- Basic net incomeloss per share is computed by dividing net incomeloss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net incomeloss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of common shares outstanding is adjusted to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued. In computing the dilutive effect of potential common shares, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of treasury shares assumed to be purchased with the proceeds from the exercise of options.
Basic net incomeloss per share and diluted net incomeloss per share calculated in accordance with ASC No. 260, “Earnings Per Share” (formerly the SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”), are reconciled as follows (shares in thousands):
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | $ | 8,859 | $ | 1,195 | $ | 1,499 | ||||||
| Basic net income per share | $ | 0.57 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||
| Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | 15,517 | 15,791 | 15,965 | |||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities — Options | 39 | 14 | 74 | |||||||||
| Diluted weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding | 15,556 | 15,805 | 16,039 | |||||||||
| Diluted net income per share | $ | 0.57 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. | $ | (8,114 | ) | $ | (1,461 | ) | $ | (1,991 | ) | |||
| Basic net loss per share | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||
| Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | 16,193 | 16,197 | 16,467 | |||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities – Options | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Diluted weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding | 16,193 | 16,197 | 16,467 | |||||||||
| Diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||
For the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, potential common shares of 644,000, 726,000668,500, 668,500 and 668,500 shares related to stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted net incomeloss per share as their exercise prices were higher than the average market price.
F-9
| F-10 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies —- continued
Use of estimates —-The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair value of financial instruments —-The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the exchange price that would be received from an asset or paid to transfer a liability (as exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments and market rates of interest.
Fair Value Measurements —value measurements -The Company has adopted ASC TopicNo. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, , (formerly the SFAS No.157, Fair Value Measurements ) which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information.
Its establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy of valuation techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs, which may be used to measure fair value and include the following:
Level 1 —- Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 —- Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 —- Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Non-recurring fair value measurements - Long-lived assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis using mostly Level 3 inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. Assets that are written down to fair value when impaired and retained investments are not subsequently adjusted to fair value unless further impairment occurs.
Fair value of long-lived assets, including real estate, are determined by estimating the amount and timing of net future cash flows (which are unobservable inputs) and discounting them using a risk-adjusted rate of interest. The Company estimates future cash flows based on its experience and knowledge of the market. Significant increases or decreases in actual cash flows may result in valuation changes. For real estate, fair values are based on discounted cash flow estimates which reflect current and projected lease profiles and available industry information about capitalization rates and expected trends in rents and occupancy and are corroborated by external appraisals.
| F-11 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - continued
Recent changes in accounting standards— – In June 2009,December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 860-20, “Sale2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which requires entities to disclose both gross and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting agreement. The objective of the disclosure is to facilitate comparison between those entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of U.S. GAAP and those entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of International Financial Assets”Reporting Standards (“ASU 860-20”) (formerly the SFAS No. 166 “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets”IFRS”). This statementASU is intended to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness,effective for fiscal years, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a transfer of financial assets; the effects of a transfer on its financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; and a transferor’s continuing involvement in transferred financial assets. This Statement must be applied as of theinterim periods within those years, beginning of each reporting entity’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, and is required to be adopted by the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2011. Earlier application is prohibited. This Statement must be applied to transfers occurring on or after the effective date. TheJanuary 1, 2013. Retrospective presentation for all comparative periods presented is required. Its adoption of ASU 860-202011-11 is not expected to materiallyhave material impact on the Company’sits consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In January 2010,October 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-06, “Fair Value Measurements2012-04, Technical Corrections and DisclosuresImprovements, which makes certain technical corrections and “conforming fair value amendments” to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments affect various codification topics and apply to all reporting entities within the scope of those topics. These provisions of the amendment are effective upon issuance, except for amendments that are subject to transition guidance, which will be effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The Company believes that its adoption of ASU 2012-04 will not have any material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 820)220): ImprovingClarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements” (“Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which clarifies that ordinary trade receivables and receivables are not in the scope of ASU 2010-06”).2011-11. ASU 2010-062011-11 applies only to derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse purchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset in accordance with specific criteria contained in the Codification or subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The effective date is the same as the effective date of ASU 2011-11. Its adoption of ASU 2013-01 is not expected to have any material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2013 the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The ASU requires new disclosures and clarifies existing disclosure requirementsan entity to provide information about fair value measurement as set forth in Codification Subtopic 820-10. ASU 2010-06 amends Codification Subtopic 820-10 to now require that (1) a reporting entity must disclose separately the amounts of significant transfers in andreclassified out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements and describeaccumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the reasons forface of the transfers; (2)statement where net income is presented or in the reconciliationnotes, significant amounts reclassified. The amendments do not change the current requirements for fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs, a reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. However, the amendments require an entity should present separatelyto provide information about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements and (3) a reportingthe amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity should provide disclosures aboutis required to present, either on the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements.face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified. This ASU 2010-06 is effective prospectively for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements in the roll forward2012. Its adoption of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements. Those disclosures are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2013-02 is not expected to have any material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company is currently evaluating thehas considered all new accounting pronouncements and has concluded that there are no new pronouncements that may have a material impact of ASU 2010-06 on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, andfinancial condition, or cash flows, but does not expect it to have a material impact.
F-10
The Company acquired equity securities listed in Hong Kong.
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Cost | $ | 297 | $ | 5,631 | ||||
| Market value | $ | 100 | $ | 5,673 | ||||
| March 31, | ||||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||
| Cost | $ | - | $ | 5,982 | ||||||
| Market value | $ | - | $ | 6,168 | ||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013 were $9, ($16)$(21), $nil and $42,$186, respectively.
Net proceeds from sale of marketable securities for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013 were $nil, $nil$13,509, $4,251 and $260,2,361, respectively and realized gain from sale of marketable securities for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010
| F-12 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
2013 were $nil, $nil$853,$22 and $160$360, respectively. For the purposes of determining realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold was determined based on the average cost method.
The marketable securities were classified as Level 1 of the hierarchy established under ASU 2010-06ASC No. 820 because the valuations were based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.
4. Available-for-sale Securities
The Company acquired corporate bonds issued by Hong Kong listed companies with contractual maturities after 5 years.
| March 31, | ||||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||
| Cost | $ | 8,376 | $ | 1,614 | ||||||
| Market value | $ | 7,630 | $ | 1,586 | ||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were $nil, $(746) and $718, respectively.
Net proceeds from sale of available-for-sales securities for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were $nil, $nil and $6,864, respectively. Gross realized gains from sale of available-for-sales securities for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were $nil,$nil and $132, respectively and gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sales securities for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were $nil, $nil and $30, respectively.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
Based on an evaluation of securities that have been in a loss position, the Company did not recognize an other-than-temporary impairment charge, for the year ended March 31, 2013. The Company considered various factors which included its intent and ability to hold the underlying securities until its estimated recovery of amortized cost. The other-than-temporary impairment charge for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 was $nil, $nil and $nil, respectively.
The available-for-sale securities were classified as Level 1 of the hierarchy established under ASC No. 820 because the valuations were based on quoted prices for identical corporate bonds in active markets.
| F-13 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
5. Inventories
Inventories, net of allowances, by major categories are summarized as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Raw materials | $ | 11,930 | $ | 10,162 | ||||
| Work in progress | 4,941 | 2,938 | ||||||
| Finished goods | 4,574 | 2,708 | ||||||
| $ | 21,445 | $ | 15,808 | |||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Raw materials | $ | 8,440 | $ | 6,565 | ||||
| Work-in-progress | 5,262 | 3,080 | ||||||
| Finished goods | 2,150 | 1,731 | ||||||
| $ | 15,852 | $ | 11,376 | |||||
Obsolescence allowance for inventory is as follows:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of the year | $ | 3,281 | $ | 4,416 | $ | 3,711 | ||||||
| Additional charges | 1,408 | 263 | 110 | |||||||||
| Written off | (273 | ) | (968 | ) | (371 | ) | ||||||
| Balance at the end of the year | $ | 4,416 | $ | 3,711 | $ | 3,450 | ||||||
6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Value added tax receivable | $ | 886 | $ | 749 | ||||
| Deposit for purchase of plant and equipment | 249 | — | ||||||
| Rental and utility deposit | 50 | 181 | ||||||
| Advance to suppliers | 182 | 458 | ||||||
| Prepayment | 443 | 81 | ||||||
| Others | 77 | 375 | ||||||
| $ | 1,887 | $ | 1,844 | |||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Value added tax receivable | $ | 416 | $ | 63 | ||||
| Rental and utility deposit | 22 | 32 | ||||||
| Advance to suppliers | 566 | 109 | ||||||
| Prepayment Coupon receivable | 353 312 | 400 58 | ||||||
| Others | 495 | 490 | ||||||
| $ | 2,164 | $ | 1,152 | |||||
F-11
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| At cost: | ||||||||
| Leasehold land and buildings | $ | 33,715 | $ | 33,715 | ||||
| Plant and machinery | 54,809 | 54,100 | ||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 13,369 | 13,248 | ||||||
| Motor vehicles | 1,428 | 1,421 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 3,543 | 3,799 | ||||||
| Construction in progress | 80 | 535 | ||||||
| Impairment | (4,402 | ) | (4,592 | ) | ||||
| 102,542 | 102,226 | |||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (56,365 | ) | (59,532 | ) | ||||
| Net book value | $ | 46,177 | $ | 42,694 | ||||
Included in furniture, fixtures and equipment is computer software with net values of $405 and $283 as of March 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
| F-14 |
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| At cost: | ||||||||
| Land and buildings | $ | 34,700 | $ | 34,895 | ||||
| Plant and machinery | 40,617 | 41,726 | ||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 24,414 | 24,551 | ||||||
| Motor vehicles | 2,263 | 1,903 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 4,767 | 4,616 | ||||||
| Total | 106,761 | 107,691 | ||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (41,632 | ) | (47,152 | ) | ||||
| Less: impairment | (61 | ) | (69 | ) | ||||
| 65,068 | 60,470 | |||||||
| Construction in progress | 1,611 | 315 | ||||||
| Less: impairment | (115 | ) | (80 | ) | ||||
| 1,496 | 235 | |||||||
| Net book value | $ | 66,564 | $ | 60,705 | ||||
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
During the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, the Company impaired its property, plant and equipment by $4,474, $nil and $197, respectively, which were charged to other income (expenses) in consolidation statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment were $6,197, $4,920 and $4,219 during the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
Cost of leasehold land and buildings consist of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Land use right of state-owned land and buildings erected thereon (a) | $ | 30,532 | $ | 30,727 | ||||
| Long term leased land and buildings erected thereon (b) | 4,168 | 4,168 | ||||||
| $ | 34,700 | $ | 34,895 | |||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Land use right of state-owned land and buildings erected thereon (a) | $ | 29,534 | $ | 29,534 | ||||
| Long term leased land and buildings erected thereon (b) | 4,181 | 4,181 | ||||||
| $ | 33,715 | $ | 33,715 | |||||
| (a) | The land use rights of state-owned land and buildings erected thereon represent land and buildings located in China on which an upfront lump-sum payment has been made for the right to use the land and building with lease terms of 50 years expiring in 2050. | |
| (b) | Long term leased land and buildings erected thereon represent land and buildings on collectively-owned land located in China on which an upfront lump-sum payment has been made for the right to use the land and building for a term of 50 years to 2053. Dongguan Chang An Xiaobian District Co-operation, the lessor, is the entity to whom the collectively-owned land has been granted. According to existing China laws and regulations, collectively-owned land is not freely transferable unless certain application and approval procedures are fulfilled by the Dongguan Chang An Xiaobian District Co-operation to change the legal form of the land from collectively-owned to state-owned. As of March 31, |
F-12
8. Goodwill
The impairment in goodwill for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013 were $317, $nil and $nil, respectively.$nil. Details of the goodwill are as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Electronic division | $ | 393 | $ | 393 | ||||
| Metallic division | 317 | 317 | ||||||
| Foreign exchange differences | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
| Impairment — metallic division | (317 | ) | (317 | ) | ||||
| $ | 392 | $ | 392 | |||||
| Acquisitions | March 31, | |||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Electronic division | $ | 393 | $ | 393 | ||||
| Metallic division | 317 | 317 | ||||||
| Foreign exchange differences | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
| Impairment – metallic division | (317 | ) | (317 | ) | ||||
| $ | 392 | $ | 392 | |||||
9. Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities consist of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | $ | 681 | $ | 637 | ||||
| Value added tax payable | 11 | 24 | ||||||
| Others | 619 | 599 | ||||||
| $ | 1,311 | $ | 1,260 | |||||
| F-15 |
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | $ | 1,164 | $ | 1,242 | ||||
| Commission expenses | 239 | 91 | ||||||
| Value added tax payable | 53 | 49 | ||||||
| Others | 711 | 523 | ||||||
| $ | 2,167 | $ | 1,905 | |||||
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
10. Income Taxes
The components of incomeloss before income taxes are as follows:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Hong Kong | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | |||
| China | 9,192 | 918 | 2,190 | |||||||||
| $ | 9,191 | $ | 913 | $ | 2,189 | |||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Hong Kong | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | |||
| China | (7,729 | ) | (977 | ) | (1,661 | ) | ||||||
| $ | (7,732 | ) | $ | (979 | ) | $ | (1,663 | ) | ||||
Under the current BVI law, the Company’s income is not subject to taxation. Subsidiaries operating in Hong Kong and China are subject to income taxes as described below, and the subsidiaries operating in Macao are exempted from income taxes. Under the current Samoa Law, subsidiariessubsidiary incorporated in Samoa areis not subject to profit tax as they haveit has no business operations in Samoa.
The provision for current income taxes of the subsidiaries operating in Hong Kong has been calculated by applying the current rate of taxation of 16.5% (2008:17.5%(2011:16.5%, 2009:2012:16.5%) to the estimated taxable income arising in or derived from Hong Kong, if applicable.
F-13
From January 1, 2008, with the effect of the new PRC Income Tax Law, the standard income tax rate for all companies has been reduced from the rate of 33% to 25%.
Dongguan Kwan Hong Electronics Company Limited (“DKHE”) (a subsidiary of the Company) had fully enjoyed the tax holiday and concessions by December 31, 2004. DKHE was approved as a “High-tech Enterprise” by the tax authority and enjoyed a national tax rate of 15%. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2006, DKHE was approved as an “Export-oriented Enterprises” by the local tax authority and enjoyed a lower tax rate of 10%. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2007, the tax rate for DKHE as a “High-tech Enterprise” was 18%, in which 15% is for national tax and 3% is for the local tax. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2008, as there is no more reduction in the tax rate for foreign investment enterprise which exports 70% or more of the production value to their products (known as “Export-oriented Enterprise”) under the new Income Tax Law, theThe applicable tax rate of DKHE for the calendar years ended December 31, 20082010, 2011 and 20092012 and three months period ended March 31, 2013 is 25%.
| F-16 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
10. Income Taxes - continued
In September 2007, Jetcrown Industrial (Dongguan) Limited (“JIDL”) (a subsidiary of the Company) had revised its first and second tax exemption year from the calendar yearyears ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 respectively, to the calendar years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 respectively. The revision was upon a tax reassessment by the PRC Tax Bureautax authorities during the year ended March 31, 2007 regarding the commencement year of exemption and inter-company sales pricing issues. The tax rate applicable for JIDL for calendar years 2002 to 2006 was 24%. JIDL was entitled to a full tax exemption for each of the calendar years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 and a 50% exemption for each of the calendar years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006. An aggregate amount of $450 additional income tax provision, which comprised approximately $154, $92, $166 and $38 for taxable calendar years 2004, 2005 and 2006 and the quarter ended March 31, 2007 respectively had been charged to the consolidation income statement for the year ended March 31, 2007. The assessment and payment for income taxes for calendar years 2004 and 2005 were settled and concluded in September 2007 at the amount as provided. The assessment and payment for calendar year 2006 were settled at $101 in January 2008. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC Tax Bureautax authorities will not, in the future, further challenge (i) the reported revenue of JIDL for periods starting from the calendar year ended 31 December 2006; and (ii) revenues reported by JIDL for value-added tax filing purpose. There can also be no assurance that similar reassessments will not be extended to other PRC subsidiaries of the Company. The above reassessments, if conducted in the future, may cause an adverse impact to the net operating results of the Company.
For the calendar yearyears ended December 31, 2007,2010, 2011 and 2012 and three months period ended March 31, 2013, the tax rate for JIDL was approved as an “Export-oriented Enterprises”is 25%.
Under applicable PRC tax laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or scrutiny by the localPRC tax authorityauthorities within ten years after the taxable year when the arrangements or transactions are conducted. The Company is subject to the applicable transfer pricing rules in PRC in connection to the transactions between its subsidiaries located inside and enjoyed a lower tax rateoutside PRC. In accordance to Guo Shui Fa [2009] No.2 “Implementation Regulations of 12%. ForSpecial Tax Adjustments (Provisional)”(“Guo Shui Fa [2009] No.2”), which took effect beginning in calendar year 2008 and set out the regulations in relation to transfer pricing, contemporaneous documentation, disclosure and compliance of intercompany transactions, the Company and external consultants have prepared transfer pricing contemporaneous documentations (the “Contemporaneous Documentations”) of DKHE and JIDL for the calendar year ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2009,2010.
In accordance with Guo Shui Fa [2009] No.2, the PRC tax rateauthorities have the right to deem the Company for JIDL is 25%, beinga tax amount based on the unifiedContemporaneous Documentations or a basis that they considered reasonable.
The amount of current tax rate underliability at March 31, 2013 includes the New Tax Law effective from January 1, 2008.
F-14
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Current tax | ||||||||||||
| - China | $ | 596 | $ | 307 | $ | 150 | ||||||
| Deferred tax | (214 | ) | 175 | 178 | ||||||||
| $ | 382 | $ | 482 | $ | 328 | |||||||
| F-17 |
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Current tax | ||||||||||||
| - China | $ | 654 | $ | 234 | $ | 380 | ||||||
| Deferred tax | (550 | ) | (516 | ) | 310 | |||||||
| $ | 104 | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 690 | ||||||
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
10. Income Taxes - continued
Reconciliation between the provision for income taxes computed by applying the statutory tax rate in China to incomeloss before income taxes and the actual provision for income taxes is as follows:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes at statutory tax rate in China | $ | 2,988 | $ | 227 | $ | 547 | ||||||
| Effect of different tax rate in various jurisdictions | — | (1 | ) | (210 | ) | |||||||
| Tax holidays and concessions | (89 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Effect of income for which no income tax is chargeable | (3,435 | ) | (1,452 | ) | (212 | ) | ||||||
| Effect of expense for which no income tax is deductible | 231 | 1,307 | 847 | |||||||||
| Net change in valuation allowances | (16 | ) | (15 | ) | (233 | ) | ||||||
| Under (over) provision of income tax in previous years | 477 | (348 | ) | (69 | ) | |||||||
| Others | (52 | ) | — | 20 | ||||||||
| Effective tax | $ | 104 | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 690 | |||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes at statutory tax rate in China | $ | (1,933 | ) | $ | (244 | ) | $ | (416 | ) | |||
| Effect of different tax rate in various jurisdictions | (1 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Effect of income for which no income tax is chargeable | (295 | ) | (567 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||
| Effect of expense for which no income tax is deductible | 1,629 | 1,271 | 936 | |||||||||
| Net change in valuation allowances | 700 | (125 | ) | (171 | ) | |||||||
| Under provision of income tax in previous years | 282 | 147 | - | |||||||||
| Effective tax | $ | 382 | $ | 482 | $ | 328 | ||||||
The net deferred income tax consists of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Deferred income tax assets | $ | 187 | $ | 192 | ||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities | (421 | ) | (606 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (234 | ) | $ | (414 | ) | ||
The components of net deferred income tax are as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Deferred tax asset (liability) : | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carry forwards | $ | 550 | $ | 704 | ||||
| Provision of employee benefits | 308 | 242 | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 93 | 26 | ||||||
| Revenue recognized for financial reporting purpose before being recognized for tax purpose | — | (1,285 | ) | |||||
| Others | 28 | 43 | ||||||
| Less: Valuation allowances | (233 | ) | — | |||||
| Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | 746 | $ | (270 | ) | |||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) : | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carry forwards | $ | 265 | $ | 116 | ||||
| Provision of employee benefits | 350 | 347 | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 56 | 77 | ||||||
| Impairment of property, plant and equipment | 897 | 811 | ||||||
| Revenue recognized for financial reporting purpose before being recognized for tax purpose | (1,188 | ) | (1,189 | ) | ||||
| Others | (39 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||
| Less: Valuation allowances | (575 | ) | (556 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (234 | ) | $ | (414 | ) | ||
A significant portion of the deferred income tax assets recognized relates to net operating loss and credit carry forwards. The Company operates through the PRC entities and the valuation allowance is considered on each individual basis.
The net operating loss attributable to those PRC entities can only be carried forward for a maximum period of five years. Tax losses of non-PRC entities can be carried forward indefinitely. TheAs at March 31, 2013, the unused tax losses, amounted to $1,188, $118$217, $179 and $1,510,$69, will be expired in calendar yearyears ending 2012, 20132015, 2016 and 20142017, respectively.
F-15
Under thePRC Income Tax Law and the implementation rules, profits of the PRC entities earned on or after January 1, 2008 and distributed by the PRC entities to the Company are subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless the Company will be deemed as a resident enterprise for tax purposes. Since the Company intends to reinvest the earnings of the PRC entities in operations in China, the PRC entities do not intend to declare dividends to their immediate non-PRC established holding companies in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, no deferred taxation on undistributed earnings of the PRC entities has been recognized as of March 31, 2013.
| F-18 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
11. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company leases premises under various operating leases, certain of which contain escalation clauses. Rental expenses under operating leases included in the statementconsolidated statements of incomeoperations were $265, $317$102, $38 and $216$160 for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, respectively.
At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company was obligated under operating leases requiring minimum rentals as follows:
| 2011 | $ | 29 | ||
| Total minimum lease payments | $ | 29 | ||
| Year ending March 31, 2014 | $ | 129 | ||
| Year ending March 31, 2015 | 15 | |||
| Total minimum lease payments | $ | 144 |
At March 31, 2010,2013, the Company had capital commitments for purchase of plant and machinery totaling $73,$407, which are expected to be disbursed during the year ending March 31, 2011. The Company had capital commitments for system upgrade project at March 31, 2010 totaling $191, which are expected to be disbursed by March 31, 2011. The company also had capital commitments for leasehold improvements totaling $20, which are expected to be disbursed during the year ending March 31, 2011.
12. Employee Benefits
The Company contributes to a state pension scheme run by the Chinese government in respect of its employees in China. The expense of $817, $697$492, $331 and $528$306 included in the consolidated statements of operations related to this plan, which is calculated at the range of 8% to 11%14% of the average monthly salary, was provided for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, respectively.
13. Stock Option Plan
On March 15, 1995, the Company adopted 1995 Stock Option Plan that permits the Company to grant options to officers, directors, employees and others to purchase up to 1,012,500 shares of Common Stock. On September 29, 1997, the Company approved an increase of 549,000 shares making a total of 1,561,500 shares of common stock available under the stock option plan. On January 7, 2002, the Company adopted 2001 Stock Option Plan to purchase an additional 1,125,000 shares of Common Stock. On September 30, 2003, the Company adopted 2003 Stock Option Plan to purchase an additional 900,000 shares of Common Stock. On September 19, 2005, the CompanyCompany’s shareholders approved an increase of 500,000 shares making a total of 1,400,000 shares of common stock available under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. On August 17, 2007, the CompanyCompany’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholders’ approval, approved an increase of 400,000 shares making a total of 1,800,000 shares of common stock available under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on October 9, 2007. On August 13, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholders’ approval, approved an increase of 800,000 shares making a total of 2,600,000 shares of common stock available under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on September 16, 2010.
| F-19 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
13. Stock Option Plan - continued
As of March 31, 2010,2013, options to purchase an aggregate of 4,269,0005,269,000 common shares had been granted under the stock option plans. Options granted under the stock option plans will bevest immediately and are exercisable for a period of up to 10 years commencing on the date of grant, at a price equal to at least the fair market value of the Common Stock at the date of grant, and may contain such other terms as the Board of Directors or a committee appointed to administer the plan may determine. All the options expire 10 years from the date of grant and vest immediately or over a period of 1 to 10 years. A summary of the option activity (with weighted average prices per share)option) is as follows:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted | Weighted | Weighted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | average | Number | average | Number | average | |||||||||||||||||||
| of stock | exercise | of stock | exercise | of stock | exercise | |||||||||||||||||||
| options | price | options | price | options | price | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at beginning of the year | 1,029,000 | $ | 11.91 | 1,119,000 | $ | 11.14 | 1,066,000 | $ | 9.19 | |||||||||||||||
| Granted during the year | 210,000 | 5.71 | 190,000 | 1.34 | 233,000 | 2.09 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised during the year | (120,000 | ) | 8.26 | — | — | (401,000 | ) | 1.75 | ||||||||||||||||
| Canceled or expired | — | — | (243,000 | ) | 12.03 | (207,500 | ) | 12.27 | ||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable at the end of the year | 1,119,000 | $ | 11.14 | 1,066,000 | $ | 9.19 | 690,500 | $ | 10.19 | |||||||||||||||
| Range of exercise price per share | $5.71 to $14.10 | $1.34 to $14.10 | $1.34 to $14.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||
F-16
| Year ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of stock options | Weighted average exercise price | Number of stock options | Weighted average exercise price | Number of stock options | Weighted average exercise price | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at beginning of the year | 690,500 | $ | 10.19 | 687,500 | $ | 10.23 | 1,685,500 | $ | 5.44 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Granted during the year | - | - | 1,000,000 | 2.14 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised during the year | (3,000 | ) | 2.09 | (2,000 | ) | 2.09 | (605,000 | ) | 2.14 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled or expired | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable at the end of the year | 687,500 | $ | 10.23 | 1,685,500 | $ | 5.44 | 1,080,500 | $ | 7,29 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Range of exercise price per share | $1.34 to $14.10 | $1.34 to $14.10 | $1.34 to $14.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
There were nil, 243,000 and 207,500no options canceled for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010.2013. The weighted average remaining contractual life of the share options outstanding at March 31, 20102013 was 5.404.78 years. At March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 2010,2013, there were 190,000, 243,0001,017,500, 17,500 and 217,50017,500 options available for future grant under the plans, respectively.
14. Stock Buyback Plan
On March 14, 2012, the Company’s board of directors authorized a stock buyback plan to repurchase up to an aggregate of $4.0 million of its issued and outstanding common shares in compliance with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the next two years. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular number or dollar amount of its common shares and may be suspended, modified, extended or discontinued at any time. No assurance can be given that any particular number or dollar amount of common stock will be repurchased. During the year ended March 31, 2013, 414,162 common shares have been repurchased under the stock buyback plan for a total consideration of $1.1 million at an average price of $2.66 per share.
| F-20 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
15. Operating Risk
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Customers—- A substantial percentage of the Company’sCompany's sales are made to a small number of customers and are typically sold either under letter of credit or on an open account basis. Details of customers accounting for 10% or more of total net sales for each of the three years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013 are as follows:
| Percentage of net sales | ||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| N&J Company Limited | 11.8 | % | 28.6 | % | 19.2 | % | ||||||
| Digidesign, Inc. | 17.0 | % | 12.7 | % | 12.0 | % | ||||||
| VTech Telecommunications Limited | * | * | 10.8 | % | ||||||||
| Inter-Tel Incorporated | 10.2 | % | * | * | ||||||||
| Line 6 Manufacturing | 14.3 | % | * | * | ||||||||
| Percentage of net sales | ||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| VTech Telecommunications Limited | 14.6 | % | 12.6 | % | 13.0 | % | ||||||
| Lenbrook Group | * | * | 11.1 | % | ||||||||
| * | Less than 10% |
Sales to the above customers relate to both injection-molded plastic parts and electronic products.
Debtors accounting for 10% or more of total accounts receivable from the five customers with the highest recorded receivable balances at March 31, 20092012 and 2010,2013, respectively, are as follows:
| Percentage of | ||||||||
| accounts | ||||||||
| receivable | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | |||||||
| Largest receivable balances from the five customers | 61.0 | % | 47.6 | % | ||||
| Percentage of | ||||||||
| accounts | ||||||||
| receivable | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| VTech Telecommunications Limited | 16.9 | % | 27.8 | % | ||||
| Peavey Electronics Corp. | 10.2 | % | * | |||||
| Primax Electronics Limited | * | 12.9 | % | |||||
| * | Less than 10% |
There were bad debt expenseaccounts receivable written off of $60, $6$7, $39 and $7$nil during the years ended March 31, 20082011, 2012 and 2009 and 20102013, respectively. There were provision for bad debts expensesdoubtful accounts of $17, $275$378, $18 and $72$214 during the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013, respectively. There were allowancescharge off of provision for doubtful receivables written offaccounts of $1,173, $nil$2, $170 and $199$87 during the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013, respectively.
Country risk—- The Company has significant investments in China. The operating results of the Company may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in China, and by changes in Chinese government policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods taxation, among other things. There can be no assurance, however, those changes in political and other conditions will not result in any adverse impact.
F-17
The Company has three reportable segments: plastic injection molding, electronic products assembling and metallic parts manufacturing. The Company’sCompany's reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires different technology and marketing strategies. Most of the businesses were acquired as a unit, and the management at the time of the acquisition was retained.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, that is, at current market prices.
| F-21 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
16. Segment Information - continued
Contributions of the major activities, profitability information and asset information of the Company’sCompany's reportable segments for the years ended March 31, 2008, 20092011, 2012 and 20102013 are as follows:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | Intersegment Sales | Profit (loss) | Net sales | Intersegment Sales | Profit (loss) | Net sales | Intersegment Sales | Profit (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection molded plastic parts | $ | 44,326 | $ | 1,553 | $ | (6,662 | ) | $ | 29,898 | $ | 1,560 | $ | (1,007 | ) | $ | 27,775 | $ | 1,050 | $ | (1,784 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Electronic products | 41,231 | 141 | (625 | ) | 35,371 | 22 | 984 | 26,740 | 83 | 570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metallic parts | 165 | 6 | (445 | ) | 1,096 | - | (956 | ) | 692 | - | (449 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment total | $ | 85,722 | $ | 1,700 | $ | (7,732 | ) | $ | 66,365 | $ | 1,582 | $ | (979 | ) | $ | 55,207 | $ | 1,133 | $ | (1,663 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation to consolidated totals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales eliminations | (1,700 | ) | (1,700 | ) | - | (1,582 | ) | (1,582 | ) | - | (1,133 | ) | (1,133 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated totals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 84,022 | $ | - | $ | 64,783 | $ | - | $ | 54,074 | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (7,732 | ) | $ | (979 | ) | $ | (1,663 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | Interest expenses | Interest Income | Interest expenses | Interest income | Interest expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection molded plastic parts | $ | 112 | $ | - | $ | 332 | $ | - | $ | 415 | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| Electronic products | 29 | - | 70 | - | 86 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Metallic parts | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 141 | $ | - | $ | 402 | $ | - | $ | 501 | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiable assets | Capital expenditure | Depreciation and amortization | Identifiable assets | Capital expenditure | Depreciation and amortization | Identifiable assets | Capital expenditure | Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection molded plastic parts | $ | 92,922 | $ | 714 | $ | 5,300 | $ | 86,682 | $ | 230 | $ | 4,190 | $ | 80,804 | $ | 670 | $ | 3,677 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Electronic products | 39,933 | 280 | 771 | 34,316 | 24 | 696 | 30,760 | 281 | 537 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metallic parts | (6,093 | ) | 40 | 126 | 565 | 28 | 34 | 605 | - | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment totals | $ | 126,762 | $ | 1,034 | $ | 6,197 | $ | 121,563 | $ | 282 | $ | 4,920 | $ | 112,169 | $ | 951 | $ | 4,219 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation to consolidated totals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of receivables from intersegments | 5 | - | - | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill allocated to electronic products segment | 392 | - | - | 392 | - | - | 392 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated totals | $ | 127,159 | $ | 1,034 | $ | 6,197 | $ | 121,959 | $ | 282 | $ | 4,920 | $ | 112,565 | $ | 951 | $ | 4,219 | ||||||||||||||||||
| F-22 |
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net | Intersegment | Profit | Net | Intersegment | Profit | Net | Intersegment | Profit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| sales | Sales | (loss) | sales | Sales | (loss) | sales | Sales | (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection molded plastic parts | $ | 58,858 | $ | 28 | $ | 7,049 | $ | 75,838 | $ | 2,437 | $ | 1,553 | $ | 48,177 | $ | 1,168 | $ | 3,734 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Electronic products | 85,494 | 3,940 | 2,412 | 57,859 | 724 | 29 | 34,634 | 51 | (1,048 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metallic parts | 3,422 | — | (270 | ) | 1,202 | — | (669 | ) | 36 | 14 | (497 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment total | $ | 147,774 | $ | 3,968 | $ | 9,191 | $ | 134,899 | $ | 3,161 | $ | 913 | $ | 82,847 | $ | 1,233 | $ | 2,189 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation to consolidated totals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales eliminations | (3,968 | ) | (3,968 | ) | — | (3,161 | ) | (3,161 | ) | — | (1,233 | ) | (1,233 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated totals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 143,806 | $ | — | $ | 131,738 | $ | — | $ | 81,614 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 9,191 | $ | 913 | $ | 2,189 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| �� | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | Interest | Interest | Interest | Interest | Interest | |||||||||||||||||||
| income | expenses | income | expenses | income | expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection molded plastic parts | $ | 458 | $ | — | $ | 215 | $ | — | $ | 166 | $ | — | ||||||||||||
| Electronic products | 49 | — | 12 | — | 13 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Metallic parts | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated total | $ | 507 | $ | — | $ | 227 | $ | — | $ | 179 | $ | — | ||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | Depreciation | Depreciation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiable | Capital | and | Identifiable | Capital | and | Identifiable | Capital | and | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| assets | expenditure | amortization | assets | expenditure | amortization | assets | expenditure | amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Injection molded plastic parts | $ | 96,463 | $ | 5,050 | $ | 5,613 | $ | 101,497 | $ | 6,648 | $ | 5,834 | $ | 105,084 | $ | 1,308 | $ | 5,838 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Electronic products | 42,583 | 1,994 | 1,048 | 34,885 | 637 | 1,229 | 32,569 | 257 | 1,007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metallic parts | 1,540 | 244 | 279 | 1,067 | 117 | 201 | 739 | 41 | 166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment totals | $ | 140,586 | $ | 7,288 | $ | 6,940 | $ | 137,449 | $ | 7,402 | $ | 7,264 | $ | 138,392 | $ | 1,606 | $ | 7,011 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation to consolidated totals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of receivables from intersegments | (570 | ) | — | — | (359 | ) | — | — | (4,773 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill not allocated to segments | 391 | — | — | 392 | — | — | 392 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated totals | $ | 140,407 | $ | 7,288 | $ | 6,940 | $ | 137,482 | $ | 7,402 | $ | 7,264 | $ | 134,011 | $ | 1,606 | $ | 7,011 | ||||||||||||||||||
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
F-18
The Company’sCompany's sales are coordinated through the Macao subsidiaries and a breakdown of sales by destination is as follows:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Net sales | ||||||||||||
| United States of America | $ | 67,302 | $ | 42,100 | $ | 36,144 | ||||||
| China | 53,231 | 69,617 | 42,848 | |||||||||
| United Kingdom | 13,055 | �� | 13,925 | 1,278 | ||||||||
| Hong Kong | 2,486 | 1,762 | 597 | |||||||||
| Europe | 2,227 | 2,438 | 364 | |||||||||
| Others | 5,505 | 1,896 | 383 | |||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 143,806 | $ | 131,738 | $ | 81,614 | ||||||
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||
| Net sales | ||||||||||||||
| United States of America | $ | 35,044 | $ | 26,372 | $ | 17,154 | ||||||||
| China | 35,910 | 22,056 | 22,504 | |||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 7,580 | 7,557 | 1,908 | |||||||||||
| Hong Kong | 571 | 254 | 3,813 | |||||||||||
| Europe | 2,075 | 2,250 | 5,524 | |||||||||||
| Others | 2,842 | 6,294 | 3,171 | |||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 84,022 | $ | 64,783 | $54,074 | |||||||||
The location of the Company’sCompany's identifiable assets is as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Hong Kong and Macao | $ | 37,800 | $ | 38,745 | $ | 52,457 | ||||||
| China | 102,216 | 98,345 | 81,162 | |||||||||
| Total identifiable assets | $ | 140,016 | $ | 137,090 | $ | 133,619 | ||||||
| Goodwill | 391 | 392 | 392 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 140,407 | $ | 137,482 | $ | 134,011 | ||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Hong Kong and Macao | $ | 40,951 | $ | 42,902 | $ | 37,555 | ||||||
| China | 85,816 | 78,665 | 74,618 | |||||||||
| Total identifiable assets | $ | 126,767 | 121,567 | 112,173 | ||||||||
| Goodwill | 392 | 392 | 392 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 127,159 | $ | 121,959 | $ | 112,565 | ||||||
17. Condensed Financial Information of Deswell Industries, Inc.
The condensed financial statements of Deswell Industries, Inc. have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the Company declared aUnited States of America. Under the PRC laws and regulations, Deswell Industries, Inc’s PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer certain of their net assets to Deswell Industries, Inc. in the form of dividend of $810,payments, loans or $0.05 per common share payable on July 28, 2010advances. The amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserves, as determined pursuant to stockholders of recordPRC generally accepted accounting principles, totaling $75,787 (equivalent to RMB 479 million) and $76,601 (equivalent to RMB 479 million) as of July 7, 2010.March 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
| F-23 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
F-19
17. Condensed Financial Information of Deswell Industries, Inc. - continued
Balance sheets
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 452 | $ | 393 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 28 | 81 | ||||||
| Amounts due from subsidiaries | 53,878 | 47,122 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 54,358 | 47,596 | ||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | 53,491 | 54,603 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment-net | 317 | 230 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 108,166 | $ | 102,429 | ||||
| Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses | $ | 138 | $ | 853 | ||||
| Other liabilities | 15 | - | ||||||
| Dividend payable | 324 | - | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 477 | 853 | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 107,689 | 101,576 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 108,166 | $ | 102,429 | ||||
Statements of operations and comprehensive loss
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Equity in earnings (loss) of subsidiaries | $ | (6,049 | ) | $ | 924 | $ | 394 | |||||
| Operating expenses | 2,066 | 2,385 | 2,385 | |||||||||
| Other income, net | 1 | - | - | |||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (8,114 | ) | (1,461 | ) | (1,991 | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | (8,114 | ) | (1,461 | ) | (1,991 | ) | ||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities | - | (746 | ) | 718 | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss | $ | (8,114 | ) | $ | (2,207 | ) | $ | (1,273 | ) | |||
| F-24 |
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
17. Condensed Financial Information of Deswell Industries, Inc. - continued
Statements of cash flows
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (8,114 | ) | $ | (1,461 | ) | $ | (1,991 | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings (loss) of subsidiaries | 6,049 | (924 | ) | (394 | ) | |||||||
| Depreciation | 48 | 71 | 87 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expenses | - | 384 | - | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (48 | ) | 48 | (53 | ) | |||||||
| Amounts due from subsidiaries | 2,602 | 4,667 | 6,756 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 200 | (62 | ) | 715 | ||||||||
| Other liabilities | (163 | ) | (55 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 574 | 2,668 | 5,105 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (110 | ) | (114 | ) | - | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (110 | ) | (114 | ) | - | |||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | (810 | ) | (2,430 | ) | (5,357 | ) | ||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 6 | 4 | 1,295 | |||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | - | - | (1,102 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (804 | ) | (2,426 | ) | (5,164 | ) | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (340 | ) | 128 | (59 | ) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 664 | 324 | 452 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 324 | $ | 452 | $ | 393 | ||||||
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
17. Condensed Financial Information of Deswell Industries, Inc. - continued
| a) | Basis of presentation |
In Deswell Industries, Inc. - only financial statements, Deswell Industries, Inc.’s investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost plus its equity interest in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries since inception. Accordingly, such financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Deswell Industries, Inc. records its investments in its subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323 “Investment-Equity Method and Joint Ventures”. Such investment is presented on the balance sheets as “Investments in subsidiaries” and share of the subsidiaries’ profit or loss as “Equity in earnings (loss) of subsidiaries”, on the statements of operations.
The subsidiaries paid dividends of $nil, $nil and $nil to Deswell Industries, Inc. for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted.
| b) | Related party transactions |
For the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, related party transactions mainly composed of $120, $120 and $120 paid to Jetcrown Industrial (Macao Commercial Offshore) Limited as service fee for each year.
| F-26 |
Item 19 19.. EXHIBITS
The following documents are filed as exhibits herewith:
| Exhibit | ||
No. | Description | |
| 1.1 | Memorandum and Articles of Association (as amended and restated on | |
| 1.2 | Amendment to Regulation 6.15 of registrant’s Articles of Association as filed with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs of the British Virgin Islands on March 26, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 31, 2010). | |
| 2.1 | Form of common share certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Amendment No. 1 to Deswell’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on July 13, 1995). | |
| 4.1 | 2001 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2001 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the SEC under cover of Form 6-K on December 12, 2001.) | |
| 4.2 | 2003 Stock Option Plan of Deswell Industries, Inc. (as adopted August 20, 2003 and amended August 1, 2005, August 17, 2007 and August | |
| 8.1 | Diagram of the Company’s operating subsidiaries and affiliates | |
| 11.1 | Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 of registrant’s Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2004, filed with the SEC on July 16, 2004) | |
| 12.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
| 12.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
| 13.1 | Certification Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002 | |
| 15.1 | Consent of BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP to incorporation of its report on the Company’s consolidated financial statements into Registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8. | |
| 15.2 | Consent of BDO Limited to incorporation of its report on the Company’s consolidated financial statements into Registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8. | |
| 15.3 | Letter of BDO Limited, registrant's former independent registered public accounting firm, dated March 13, 2012 filed pursuant to Item 16F(a)(3) of Form 20-F (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of the Company’s Form 6-K for the month of March 2012 furnished to the SEC on March 13, 2012). | |
| 101* | Financial information from registrant for the year ended March 31, 2013 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): | |
| (a) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31,2012 and 2013; (b) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013; (c) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013; (d) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013; and (e) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
*Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.
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58
| DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. | ||||
| By: / | ||||
| Franki S. F. Tse, | ||||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Date: July 29, 201016, 2013
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