UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 20-F

[  ]REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

[ X ]X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019

OR

[  ]TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

[  ]SHELL COMPANY PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report N/A

For the transition period from N/Ato N/A

Commission file number 001-36685

KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant's name into English)

British Columbia, Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

13966 18B Avenue, Surrey, British Columbia V4A 8J1, Canada
(Address of principal executive offices)

James R. Bond, CEO
13966 18B Avenue
Surrey, British Columbia V4A 8J1, Canada
Telephone: 250.764.3618
Email:  bond@kelsotech.com
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Copy of communications to:
Bernard Pinsky
Clark Wilson LLP
Suite 900800 - 885 West Georgia Street
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 3H1
Telephone: 604.687.5700
Facsimile: 604.687.6314


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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of Class

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares Without Par Value

NYSE American (KIQ)

Toronto Stock Exchange (KLS)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

Nil
(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

Not Applicable
(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

47,170,086 common shares without par value outstanding on December 31, 2018.2019.
There were no Class A non-cumulative preference shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.2019.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

[   ] YES  [X] NO

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

[   ] YES  [X] NO

Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

[X] YES  [   ] NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

NOT APPLICABLE TO THE REGISRANT AT THIS TIME
[X] YES  [  ] NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.  See the definition of an "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [   ]Accelerated filer [   ]Non-accelerated filer [X]


Emerging growth company [X]


Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP [  ]
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board [X]

Other [  ]

If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

[  ] ITEM 17  [  ] ITEM 18


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If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

[  ] YES  [X] NO

Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"), Kelso Technologies Inc. is classified as an "Emerging Growth Company." Under the JOBS Act, Emerging Growth Companies are exempt from certain reporting requirements, including the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Under this exemption, the company's auditor will not be required to attest to and report on management's assessment of the company's internal controls over financial reporting. The company is also exempt from certain other requirements, including the requirement to adopt certain new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards would apply to private companies. The company will remain an Emerging Growth Company for up to the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, although it will lose that status earlier if revenues exceed US$1 billion, or if the company issues more than US$1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three year period, or the company will lose that status on the date that it is deemed to be a large accelerated filer. Emerging Growth Companies have less than $1,070,000,000 in annual gross revenues.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS3
PART I34
Item 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers34
A. AdvisersA.Advisers4
B. AuditorsB.Auditors4
Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable45
Item 3.Key Information45
A.Selected Financial Data45
B.Capitalization and Indebtedness5
C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds56
D.Risk Factors56
Item 4.Information on the Company109
A.History and Development of the Company109
B.Business Overview1613
C.Organizational Structure2620
D.Property, Plants and Equipment2620
Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects2620
A.Operating Results2721
B.Liquidity and Capital Resources2923
C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.3024
D.Trend Information31
E.Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements3125
F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations3125
Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees3125
A.Directors and Senior Management3125
B. CompensationB.Compensation3427
C.Board Practices3731
D. EmployeesD.Employees4033
E.Share Ownership4034
Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions4134
A.Major Shareholders4134
B.Related Party Transactions4135
Item 8.Financial Information4235
A.Financial Statements and Other Financial Information4235
B.Significant Changes4336
Item 9.The Offer and Listing4336
A.Offer and Listing Details4336
B.Plan of Distribution4538
C. MarketsC.Markets4538
D.Selling Shareholders4538
E. DilutionE.Dilution4538
Item 10.Additional Information4538
A.Share Capital4538
B.Memorandum and Articles of Association4538
C.Material Contracts4538
D.Exchange Controls4740
E. TaxationE.Taxation4740
F.Dividends and Paying Agents4942
G.Statement by Experts4942
H.Documents on Display5042
I.Subsidiary Information5042


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Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk5043
Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities5144
Part II5144
Item 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.5144
Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.5144
Item 15.Controls and Procedures5244
Item 16.[Reserved]5345
A.Audit Committee Financial Expert5345
B.Code of Ethics5346
C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services5346
D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees.5446
E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.5446
Part III55
Item 17.Financial Statements5547
Item 18.Financial Statements55
Item 19.Exhibits5547


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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "estimate", "project", "believe", "anticipate", "intend", "expect", "plan", "predict", "may", "should", "potential", or "continue", the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Kelso Technologies Inc. to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

There can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this annual report speak only as to the date hereof, or such other date as may be indicated herein. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States and Canada, the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

In this annual report, unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars ("$"). The financial statements and summaries of financial information contained in this annual report are also reported in United States dollars unless otherwise stated. All such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"), unless expressly stated otherwise.

As used in this annual report, Company means Kelso Technologies Inc. and the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries Kelso Technologies (U.S.A.) Inc., KIQ Industries Inc., Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.) and, KIQ X Industries Inc. and KXI Wildertec Industries Inc. (collectively the "Company").

COVID-19 IMPACT UPDATE ON NORTH AMERICAN OPERATIONS

While certain government authorities in North America have ordered the closure or minimization of all non-essential business operations in regions where they operate, the Company falls within the exemptions for essential businesses that provide essential products and workforces that carry out critical manufacturing.  Kelso therefore plans to continue operations at its valve assembly facility in Bonham, Texas while being mindful of the potential impacts of COVID-19 in light of current conditions.

The Company carries out essential services as a producer and reliable supplier of specialized rail tank car service equipment necessary for the safe operation and maintenance of rail tank car transportation systems.  As a producer of specialized valves used in the transport of hazardous commodities, our products remain crucial for the safe delivery of hazardous materials by rail transport in North America as they can mitigate the negative impacts of human error and environmental harm. 

The Company continues to be committed to the health and safety of our employees, business partners and communities where we operate. We are applying comprehensive and rigorous hygiene policies and employee temperature monitoring practices lower risk.  Management will maintain full adherence to measures put in place by applicable government authorities.

The Company's working capital was at a very healthy level at $7,937,873 at December 31, 2019. The first quarter of 2020 remains productive at the same general level as 2019 and the pandemic has had no negative impact on our working capital and our ability to continue business operations.  The Company has no interest-bearing long term debt creditors and currently operates without the need for new equity capital or credit facilities.  The Company's risk of needing to access additional operating capital in the near term remains very low.  The Company's capital management allows Kelso to finance operations and R&D from the existing capital reserves and the sales of our products avoiding the immediate need for any dilutive new equity funding or interest-bearing long-term debt.


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Although there can be no assurance against a severe downturn in the Company's valve business given the current crisis conditions the Company intends to fulfill its responsibility to continue operations to allow critical rail transportation to operate resiliently during the COVID-19 pandemic response.

PART I

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

The directors and the senior management of the Company are as follows:

Name and Office Held

Function

James R. Bond
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

As President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Bond is responsible for strategic planning and operations, as well as managing the Company's relations with the Company's legal advisers, regulatory authorities and the investment community; as a director, Mr. Bond participates in management oversight and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards.

Peter Hughes
Director and Lead Director

As an independent director, Mr. Hughes supervises the Company's senior management and Board and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards.

Anthony ("Tony") Andrukaitis
Director and Executive Vice President Business Development and Chief Operating Officer

As a director, Mr. Andrukaitis supervises the Company's management and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards. As Vice President Business Development and COO, Mr. Andrukaitis is responsible for the daily operations of the Company's plant in Bonham, Texas and will continue to take an active management role in pursuing growth of business opportunities, including mergers and acquisitions.

Phil Dyer

Director and Audit Committee Member

As an independent director, Mr. Dyer supervises the Company's management and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards.



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Name and Office Held

Function

Edward Paul ("Paul") Cass

Director and Audit Committee Member

As an independent director, Mr. Cass supervises the Company's management and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards.

Laura Roach

Director

As an independent director, Ms. Roach supervises the Company's management and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards.

Jesse V. Crews

Director and Audit Committee Member

As an independent director, Mr. Crews supervises the Company's management and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards.

Frank Busch (1)

Director and Audit Committee Member

As an independent director, Mr. Busch supervises the Company's management and helps to ensure compliance with the Company's corporate governance policies and standards.

Richard Lee
Chief Financial Officer

As the Company's Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Lee is responsible for the management and supervision of all financial aspects of the Company's business.

(1) On February 11, 2020 Mr. Phil Dyer resigned as a director of the Company and Mr. Frank Busch was appointed to the Board and a member of the Audit Committee in his place.  Mr. Busch is an independent director.

The business address for the Company is 13966 18B Avenue, Surrey, British Columbia, CanadaV4A 8J1.

Advisers

The Company's legal advisers are Clark Wilson LLP with a business address at #900 - 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3H1.

Auditors

The Company's currentindependent registered auditors are Smythe LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, with a business address at #1700 - 475 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 2B3. Smythe LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, are members of the Chartered Professional Accountants of British Columbia and are registered with both the Canadian Public Accountability Board and the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Smythe LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants were first appointed as the Company's auditors on November 23, 2006.


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Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not Applicable.

Item 3. Key Information

A. Selected Financial Data

Prepared In Accordance With IFRS

The following table summarizes selected financial data for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 2017 and 20162017 prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB. The information in the table was extracted from the detailed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this annual report and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and with the information appearing under the heading, "Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" beginning at page 28 below.


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Selected Financial Data

Statements of Income
(Loss) Data

Year ended
December 31,
2018
(audited)
($)

Year ended
December 31,
2017
(audited)
($)

Year ended
December 31,
2016
(audited)
($)

Year ended
December 31,
2019
(audited)
($)

Year ended
December 31,
2018
(audited)
($)

Year ended
December 31,
2017
(audited)
($)

Revenues

12,716,596

6,062,778

8,077,143

20,550,682

12,716,596

6,062,778

Gross Profit

5,287,216

1,018,685

1,978,241

9,582,879

5,287,216

1,018,685

Net (Loss)/Income and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income

194,453

(5,015,911)

(2,465,592)

Basic and Diluted (Loss)/Earnings per Share

0.00

(0.11)

(0.05)

Net Income/(Loss) and Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

3,334,043

194,453

(5,015,911)

Basic and Diluted Earning/(Loss) per Share

0.07

0.00

(0.11)


Statement of Financial
Position Data

As at
December 31,
2018
(audited)
($)

As at
December 31,
2017
(audited)
($)

As at
December 31,
2016
(audited)
($)

As at
December 31,
2019
(audited)
($)

As at
December 31,
2018
(audited)
($)

As at
December 31,
2017
(audited)
($)

Assets

9,944,990

9,165,199

13,050,144

13,731,571

9,944,990

9,165,199

Current Liabilities

1,779,256

1,599,966

1,105,767

1,795,745

1,779,256

1,599,966

Shareholders' Equity/(Deficiency)

8,165,734

7,565,233

11,771,944

11,845,275

8,165,734

7,565,233

Common Shares

23,366,542

23,231,252

22,829,820

Capital Stock

23,366,542

23,231,252

(Deficit)/Retained Earnings

(19,093,619)

(19,288,072)

(14,272,161)

(15,759,576)

(19,093,619)

(19,288,072)

Outstanding Common Shares

47,170,086

46,911,752

46,411,752

47,170,086

46,911,752

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.


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C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Due to the Company's size and the nature of the Company's activities, the Company will always be exposed to some business risks. This section discusses the material risks facing the Company.

The Company's operations and financial performance are subject to the normal risks applicable to railroad equipment supply companies and are subject to various factors which are beyond the Company's control. Risk areas include that the Company's products involve detailed proprietary and engineering knowledge and specific customer adoption criteria, hence factors may exist that could cause actual results to be materially different than those anticipated by management. These may include that the Company may be unsuccessful in raising any additional capital for business needs that may arise; the Company may not have sufficient capital to develop, produce and deliver new orders; customer orders that are placed may be cancelled; products may not perform as well as expected; markets may not develop as quickly as anticipated or at all; or that the productive capacity of the Company may not be large enough to handle market demand. Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, then actual results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements.  These risk factors are described in more detail below.


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Risks Relating to the Business

The Company's products involve detailed proprietary and engineering knowledge and specific customer adoption criteria. If the Company is not able to effectively protect the Company's intellectual property or cater to specific customer adoption criteria, the Company's business may suffer a material negative impact and may fail.

The success of the Company will be dependent on the Company's ability to successfully develop, qualify products under current regulations and protect the Company's technologies by way of patents and trademarks.

The Company has obtained patents for its external constant force spring pressure relief valve, one-bolt manway system, vacuum relief valve, PCH valve, PCL valve and bottom outlet valve.  The Company has patents pending for its Active Suspension Control System for commercial rugged terrainwilderness vehicles. If the Company is unable to secure trademark and patent protection for the Company's intellectual property in the future or that protection is inadequate for future products, the business may be materially adversely affected.

Further, there is no assurance that the Company's railroad equipment products and other aspects of the Company's business do not or will not infringe upon patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties.  Although the Company is not aware of any such claims the Company may become subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of the Company's business.  If the Company is found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, the Company may be enjoined from using such intellectual property, and the Company may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives.  In addition, the Company may incur substantial expenses and diversion of management time in defending against these third-party infringement claims, regardless of their merit successful infringement or licensing claims against the Company may result in substantial monetary liabilities, which may materially and adversely disrupt the Company's business.

The Company may be unable to secure or maintain regulatory qualifications for its product.

The Association of American Railroads (the "AAR") has specific adoption criteria that must be met before the Company's products can be utilized by customers in the railroad industry.  The Company has been successful in obtaining AAR certification for the Company's key products; however, there is no guarantee that the Company's products will continue to meet AAR standards and adoption criteria as they evolve or that new products developed by the Company will receive AAR certification.  In addition, certain customers may have specific adoption criteria beyond what is required by the AAR, and there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to cater to these specific adoption criteria.  The Company's failure to meet AAR and customer adoption criteria could have a material negative impact on the Company's ability to obtain purchase orders and generate revenues.


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The Company may not have sufficient capital in the future to meet rapid increases in production demands and may be unable to sustain its ability to grow its operations as quickly as anticipated.

Although the Company had a positive working capital position in the amount of $4,469,882 as$7,937,873 at December 31, 2018,2019 the Company may, from time to time, report a working capital deficit.  To maintain its activities, the Company may require access to additional capital through the sale of securities or obtaining debt financing.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining such additional financing and failure to do so could result in the inability of the Company to develop new products, meet production schedules; execute delivery orders and continue its operations.

The Company has a limited operating history of earnings and may not be able to achieve its growth objectives.

The Company has a limited history of earnings. The Company is subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any business enterprise which is transitioning from product development to profitable operations, including the risk that it will not achieve the Company's growth objectives. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully complete the Company's financing and development plans or operate profitably over the short or long term.


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The Company is dependent upon the good faith and expertise of management to identify, develop and operate commercially viable product lines. No assurance can be given that the Company's efforts will result in the development of additional commercially viable product lines or that the Company's current product lines will prove to be commercially viable in the long-term. If the Company's efforts are unsuccessful over a prolonged period of time, the Company may have insufficient working capital to continue to meet the Company's ongoing obligations and the Company's ability to obtain additional financing necessary to continue operations may also be adversely affected. Even if the Company is successful in developing one or more additional product lines, there is no assurance that these product lines or the Company's existing product lines will be profitable.

New commercial markets for the Company's products may not develop as quickly as anticipated or at all.

Markets for the Company's products may not develop as quickly as anticipated, or at all, resulting in the Company being unable to meet its revenue and production targets. This may have a material negative impact on the Company, particularly if the Company has incurred significant expenses to cater to increased market demand and such market demand does not materialize.

CompetitionUnforeseen competition could affect the Company's ability to grow its revenues as projected.

Although the Company has patents, trademarks and other protections in place to protect the proprietary technology on which the Company's business is dependent, competitive products may be developed in the future.  Competition could adversely affect the Company's ability to acquire additional market share or to maintain revenue at current and projected levels.

Customer orders that are placed may be cancelled or rescheduled.

Although the Company makes efforts to ensure customers are satisfied with the Company's products, there is a risk that customers may cancel purchase orders before they are filled. This may have a material negative impact on the Company, particularly if the Company has already ordered the component parts required to assemble the finished products for that order or if the Company has assembled the required finished products. The negative impact may be mitigated by the Company's ability to utilize the component parts and finished products to satisfy other purchase orders, but there is no guarantee that the Company will able to mitigate the risk of loss to the Company from cancelled orders in this manner.

The Company is dependent on a small number of rail tank car producers and leasing companies.OEM customers.

Although management is optimistic about the Company's future as a railway equipment supplier the Company is dependent upon three major OEM customers in North America.  They represent the five key customers that comprisemajority of the annual railroad tank car manufacturers for a significant portionproduction and generate the bulk of itsthe Company's annual rail tank car revenue.  In particular, the Company is dependent on four major US corporations and one Canadian corporation as customers.  Although customers have displayed a pattern of consistent product orders growth over the past 1824 months and timely payment of accounts owing, there iscan be no guaranteeassurance that sales to these customers will continue at current levels or that these customers will continue to satisfy their payment obligations to the Company in a timely manner. The Company does not have any formal agreements for long term,long-term, large-scale purchase orders with these customers and only sells to them when purchase orders are received. The Company expects that this limitedsmall number of customers will continue to represent a substantial portion of its rail tank car-based sales for the foreseeable future. The loss of any of these customers could have a material negative impact upon the Company and its results of operations.operational results.


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Current products may not perform as well as expected.

There is a risk that the Company's products may not perform as well as expected, which may result in customer complaints, returned products, product recalls and/or loss of repeat customer orders.  Any one of these effects may have a material negative impact on the Company's ability to generate revenue and continue operations.

There may be a shortage of parts and raw materials.

The Company currently has approximately three to five suppliers in the United States for each of the component parts and raw materials required to assemble the Company's finished products.  There is a risk that the Company may face a shortage of parts and raw materials in the future if the Company's suppliers are unable to support current or increased customer demand for the Company's products.  This could have a material negative impact on the Company, its revenues and continued operations. As previously stated, the Company has numerous suppliers for each component part required to assemble a finished product however the current effects of the COVID-19 virus could possibly disrupt supply chains in the future. To date the Company has not experienced any problems.


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Production capacity may not be large enough to handle growth in market demand.

The Company's production facilities may not be large enough to handle growing market demand for the Company's products if market demand is beyond projected levels.  The Company may not have sufficient capital to fund increased production at its existing facilities or to add new production facilities, and even if the Company did have sufficient funds for these purposes, the turnaround time to increase production may not be fast enough to meet market demand.  This may have a material negative impact on the Company's ability to maintain existing customers and expand its customer base, and its ability to generate revenue at current and projected levels.

The Company's product development efforts may not result in new qualified commercial products.

The Company's effortsCompany is dedicated to the research, development and developcreation of new products for the railroad industry and wilderness transportation equipment.  The goal is to successfully develop applicationsnew markets for the Company'sthese new products in other industries such as the trucking industry and an active suspension control system for integrated road-no-road applications on commercial outback vehiclesalthough they may not result in commercially viableaccepted products or applications. This may have a negative impact on the Company as its current products may cease to be best-available technologycommercially valuable technologies and the Company wouldmay not have a replacement or alternative product offering. Also, this may resultThe Company's investment in new product development is written off in the Company's investment into such research and development being a loss.period in which it is incurred to account for the unpredictable nature of R&D projects.

The Company may face uninsurable or underinsured risks.

In the course of development and production of railroad equipment products, certain risks, and in particular, destruction of production facilities by a natural disaster, acts of terrorism, acts of war or patent infringement may occur. It is not always possible to fully insure against such risks and the Company may decide not to take out insurance against such risks as a result of high premiums or other reasons. Should such liabilities arise, they could reduce or eliminate any future profitability and result in increasing costs and a decline in the value of the securities of the Company. Of the above listed risks, only an act of war is truly uninsurable. The Company maintains commercial general liability insurance for claims up to $4,000,000 in aggregate and $1,000,000 per incident, as well as product liability insurance for claims up to $4,000,000 in aggregate and $1,000,000 per incident.

Although the Company believes that the insurance policies currently in place adequately insure the Company given the size of its customer base and revenues from product sales, there is a risk that the Company's insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover future products claims.

Raw materials used by the Company for the production of its products are subject to price fluctuations which could change profitability expectations.


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Many of the materials used in the Company's products are common raw materials such as steel and rubber.  These raw materials can be subject to significant price fluctuations.  A steep rise in the price of such raw materials may have an adverse effect on the pricing of the Company's products and the Company's operating results.  As the Company does not have any purchase agreements with customers, the Company is able to mitigate the risks associated with price fluctuations in the Company's raw materials by adjusting the pricing of the Company's products accordingly.  However, there is no guarantee that customers will continue to purchase the Company's products if prices are adjusted due to the fluctuation in the price of raw materials.

The success of the Company's business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of its senior executives, and its business may be severely disrupted if the Company loses their services.

The future success of the Company heavily depends upon the continued services of its senior executives and other key employees.  In particular, the Company relies on the expertise and experience of its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of Kelso Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries Kelso Technologies (USA) Inc., KIQ Industries Inc., KIQ X Industries Inc. and, Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions, KIQ X Industries Inc.). and KXI Wildertec Industries Inc.  These individuals are under contractual obligations to the Company expiring on December 31, 2020, however if one or more of the Company's senior executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, the Company might not be able to replace them easily or at all.  If any of the Company's senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, the Company may lose clients, suppliers, key professionals, technical know-how and staff members.


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The board of directors may change the Company's operating policies and strategies without prior notice to shareholders or shareholder approval and such changes could harm the Company's business and results of operations, and the value of the Common Shares.

The Board has the authority to modify or waive certain of the Company's current operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without shareholder approval. The Company cannot predict the effect any changes to the Company's current operating policies and strategies would have on the Company's business, operating results and value of the Common Shares. However, such changes could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or otherwise.

The Articles of the Company contain provisions indemnifying the Company's officers and directors against eligible penalties.

The Articles of the Company contain provisions with respect to the indemnification of the Company's officers and directors against all eligible penalties, being a judgment, penalty or fine awarded or imposed in, or an amount paid in settlement of, an eligible proceeding. An eligible proceeding means a legal proceeding or investigative action, whether current, pending, threatened or completed, in which a director, former director or alternate director of the Company (each, an "eligible party") or any of the heirs and legal personal representatives of the eligible party, by reason of the eligible party being or having been a director or alternate director of the Company: is or may be joined as a party; or is or may be liable for or in respect of a judgment, penalty or fine in, or expenses related to, the proceeding.

Three of the Company's officers and directors are located in Canada therefore it may be difficult to enforce any United States judgment for claims brought against the Company's officers and directors.

The Company has been organized under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, Canada. Although the Company's assets are located in the United States, several of the Company's officers and directors are residents of Canada. While a cross border treaty exists between the United States and Canada relating to the enforcement of foreign judgments, the process of such is cumbersome and, in some cases, has prevented the enforcement of judgments. As a result, while actions may be brought in Canada, it may be impossible to affect service of process within the United States on the Company's officers and directors or to enforce against these persons any judgments in civil and commercial matters, including judgments under United States federal securities laws. In addition, a Canadian court may not permit an original action in Canada or enforce in Canada a judgment of a United States court based on civil liability provisions of United States federal securities laws.

Risks Relating to the Common Shares

If the Company's business is unsuccessful, the Company's shareholders may lose their entire investment.

Although shareholders will not be bound by or be personally liable for the Company's expenses, liabilities or obligations beyond their total original capital contributions, should the Company suffer a deficiency in funds with which to meet the Company's obligations, the shareholders as a whole may lose their entire investment in the Company.

The Common Shares are subject to the price volatility of publicly traded securities.

In recent years, the securities markets in the United States and Canada have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market prices of securities of many companies have experienced wide fluctuations in price, which have not necessarily been related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. There can be no assurance that continual fluctuations in price will not occur. It may be anticipated that any quoted market for the Common Shares will be subject to market trends generally, notwithstanding any potential success of the Company.


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The Common Shares have limited liquidity and shareholders may be unable to sell their shares.

The Company is publicly traded on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and NYSE American. There is currently a limited market for the Common Shares and the Company can provide no assurance to investors that a liquid market will develop. If a market for the Common Shares does not develop, shareholders may not be able to resell the Common Shares that they have purchased and they may lose all of their investment. Public announcements regarding the Company, changes in government regulations, conditions in the Company's market segment and changes in earnings estimates by analysts may cause the price of the Common Shares to fluctuate substantially.

Investors' interests in the Company will be diluted and investors may suffer dilution in their net book value per share if the Company issues additional shares or raise funds through the sale of equity securities.

The Company's Articles currently authorize the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares without par value and an unlimited number of Preferred Shares, of which 5,000,000 are designated as Series 1 Shares. If the Company is required to issue any additional shares or enter into private placements to raise financing through the sale of equity securities, investors' interests in the Company will be diluted and investors may suffer dilution in their net book value per share depending on the price at which such securities are sold. If the Company issues any such additional shares, such issuances also will cause a reduction in the proportionate ownership and voting power of all other shareholders. Further, any such issuance may result in a change in control of the Company.

As a foreign private issuer the Company will not be subject to U.S. proxy rules.

As a foreign private issuer, the Company will be exempt from the rules and regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (United States) related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements.

Government regulation may shut down operations as a result of the COVID-19 virus.

While we expect that the Company's operations will remain open as an essential service, authorities may restrict access to work more severely than currently anticipated and shut down our manufacturing facility, in which case our revenue would suffer without product to sell.

Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, then actual results may vary materially from those described on forward-looking statements.

Item 4. Information on the Company

A. History and Development of the Company

The Company was incorporated as "Kelso Resources Ltd." pursuant to the Company Act (British Columbia) on March 16, 1987.  On July 21, 1994, the Company changed the Company's corporate name to "Kelso Technologies Inc.".  The Company is currently organized pursuant to the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) ("BCBCA") which replaced the Company Act (British Columbia) in 2004. 

The Company's registered office is located at Suite 800 - 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3H1. The Company's corporate head office is located at 13966 18B Avenue, Surrey, British Columbia V4A 8J1. The Company's head office telephone number is (250) 764-3618.

In February 2007, the Company replaced the Company's original Articles with new Articles to reflect the adoption of the BCBCA.  On May 13, 2010, the Company consolidated the Company's share capital on the basis of one new Common Share in the capital of the Company for seven old Common Shares. This consolidation was approved by a special resolution of the shareholders of the Company passed February 5, 2010. At the Company's annual general and special meeting held on June 5, 2013, the Company obtained shareholder approval of certain amendments to the Articles of the Company to include, among other things, advance notice provisions. Advance notice provisions provide a framework whereby the Company can fix a deadline for submission of director nominations by shareholders prior to any annual or special meeting of shareholders and can set forth the information regarding director nominees that a shareholder must include in their notice to the Company for such notice to be in proper written form.


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The Common Shares have been publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") under the symbol "KLS" since May 22, 2014, prior to which the Common Shares traded on the TSX Venture Exchange ("TSXV").  The Common Shares have traded on the NYSE American ("NYSE American") under the symbol "KIQ" since October 14, 2014, prior to which the Common Shares traded on the U.S. OTCQX over the counter market ("OTCQX International") under the symbol "KEOSF". 


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The Company operates in conjunction with the Company's fourfive wholly-owned subsidiaries Kelso Technologies (USA) Inc., Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.), KIQ Industries Inc. and, KIQ X Industries Inc. and KXI Wildertec Industries Inc..  The Company owns 100% of the voting securities of each of the Company's subsidiaries. None of the subsidiaries has a class of restricted securities. KelsoTechnologiesKelso Technologies (USA) Inc. was incorporated on August 3, 2005 in the State of Nevada for potential use for operations in the United States. KIQ Industries Inc. was incorporated on October 7, 2014 in the State of Nevada for the purpose of working on the general development of new equipment concepts should they develop market interest.  Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.) was incorporated on June 20, 2012 in the State of Nevada and is used as a structure to pursue the development of high-speed no-leakno-spill fuel loading technologies for locomotives.  KIQ X Industries Inc. was incorporated on December 12, 2017 in the Province of British Columbia, Canada as an operating subsidiary for the development, production and sales of the Company's automated safetyproprietary KXI vehicle suspension system for outbackwilderness terrain vehicles. KXI Wildertec Industries Inc. was incorporated on February 17, 2020 in the Province of British Columbia, Canada.  KXI Wildertec Industries Inc. is currently an inactive corporation.

General Development of the Business

General

The origins of the Company are as a railroad equipment supplier that produces and sells proprietary tank car service equipment used in the safe loading, unloading and containment of non-hazardous and hazardous materials during transport. Products are specifically designed to provide economic and operational advantages while reducing the potential effects of human error and environmental harm during the transport of non-hazardous and hazardous materials.

In 2017 Kelso began to transition its business into an engineering product development company that specializes in the design, production and distribution of proprietary service equipment used in various transportation applications.  Under the new strategic plan the Company now offers specialized truck tanker equipment, rail wheel cleaning systems, fuel loading systems, military applications, first responder emergency response kits and a high performance suspension system for motor vehicles being used in rugged outback terrains.

The Company currently offers approximately 60 products. The key products that the Company offers include a series of 47 types of External Pressure Relief Values ("PRV") for pressure management; 4 types of One-Bolt Manway's ("OBM"); Bottom Outlet Valves ("BOV") and Vacuum Relief Valves ("VRV") that address the technical requirements of load and unload operations and the containment of hazardous commodities during transport. See "Key Products" below for a description of the Company's key products and "Markets" for the revenue generated from each key product. In addition to current product offerings, Kel-Flo Industries, the Company's wholly-owned product development enterprise, has been working on new products to add to the Company's catalogue by incorporating customer feedback into product development decisions. 

The Company's unaudited revenues over the last eight quarters were as follows:$4,177,880 $5,303,193 for the quarter ended December 31, 2019; $5,596,031 for the quarter ended September 30, 2019; $3,977,170 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019; $5,674,288 for the quarter ended March 31, 2019; $4,177,880 for the quarter ended December 31, 2018; $3,491,602 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018; $2,535,236 for the quarter ended June 30, 2018; $2,511,878 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018; $1,912,457 for the quarter ended December 31, 2017; $1,153,341 for the quarter ended September 30, 2017; $1,433,663 for the quarter ended June 30, 2017; and$1,563,317 for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.  2018

The Company's unaudited net income (loss) over the last eight quarters were as follows: $374,790for$1,242,539 for the quarter ended December 31, 2019; $759,713 for the quarter ended September 30, 2019; $240,887 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019; $1,090,904 for the quarter ended March 31, 2019; $374,790 for the quarter ended December 31, 2018; $261,717 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018; $(162,911) for the quarter ended June 30, 2018; $(279,143) for the quarter ended March 31, 2018; $(2,212,407) for the quarter ended December 31, 2017; $(1,380,495) for the quarter ended September 30, 2017; $(897,513) for the quarter ended June 30, 2017; and $(525,496) for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.2018

The Company believes that it continues to build a quality brand in the railroad industry based on the Company's reputation to create, develop, engineer and reliably supply technology and product solutions that address the demanding technology criteria of the Company's railroad customers. The Company brings new technology to the railroad industry which has historically been slow to adopt change. Specifically, the Company designs products that are aimed at reducing the risks associated with transport of non-hazardous and HAZMAT commodities in the railroad industry, and the Company attempts to solve problems that have been persistent in the railroad market for years. For example, the Company's BOV design is a response to numerous industry requests to develop a better bottom outlet valve, and the Company believes the Company's BOV design is an improvement on the standard bottom outlet valves. When the Company announced the Company's BOV design, several companies volunteered to do the service trial.


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In the past four years, the Company believes that it has successfully gained the railroad industry's confidence, approval and their willingness to adopt the Company's products as evidenced by increased revenues from sales and by AAR approvals and certifications for the Company's products.  There is no guarantee that the Company's customers who have inquired about BOV products or that the companies who have volunteered to do the BOV service trials will purchase the Company's BOV products in the future.

The Company's roots and reputation are in rail tank car technologies and the Company has established a solid foundation for corporate growth strategies in new markets. New product development initiatives concentrate on a wider range of technology products that are designed to provide unique economic benefits and safe operational advantages to customers.  New markets were initiated in 2017 and continue to include technologies for truck tankers, fuel loading technologies for locomotives, military and heavy equipment, rail yard technologies, emergency response kits for first responders and rugged outback terrain suspension technologies for vehicles in commercial industries, homeland security and leisure applications.

The key to future profitability will be the introduction and development of broader range of new products and marketplaces.  For the past several years the Company has actively developed new product offerings.  The Company's new products initiatives do not require lengthy demanding regulatory approvals and the design and production process to sales and distribution is much quicker. Target markets include specialized truck tanker equipment, military products, fuel loading systems, rail wheel cleaning systems, emergency response kits for first responders and high performance suspension systems for motor vehicles being used in rugged sloped terrain applications in recreational and commercial operations.  Most products are near completion and being readied for market introduction and distribution.

The following chart shows anticipated new revenue streams.

STRATEGIC PLAN

2017
New Revenue Markets

Regulatory
CERTIFICATION

2018
DIVERSIFICATION

Rail Tank Cars

Rail Tank Cars

Pressure Relief Valves

Pressure Relief Valves

One-Bolt Manway

One-Bolt Manway

Vacuum Relief Valve

Vacuum Relief Valve

Bottom Outlet Valve

Pending

Bottom Outlet Valve

Angle Valve

Pending

Angle Valve

Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous

Truck Tankers

N/A

N/A

PRV/VRV Valve

N/A

N/A

One-Bolt Manway

Rail Operations Technology

N/A

N/A

Rail Wheel Cleaner

N/A

N/A

Fuel Loading System

Emergency Response Kit

N/A

Emergency Response Kit

Truck Technologies

N/A

N/A

ASCS Suspension Systems

N/A

N/A

Military Technologies



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Three Year History

2016

On January 15, 2016 the Company successfully renewed the Company's M1003 manufacturing status under AAR policies and guidelines which is valid until 2019.  In accordance with the M1003 regulations the AAR conducts a full manufacturing audit annually in order to maintain the M1003 manufacturing status which is a requirement for all tank car valve manufacturers. The AAR conducted the audit of the Company's Bonham, Texas facility from January 5 & 6, 2016.  The audit was completed with no adverse findings and continuation of the Company's M1003 approval has been recommended by the lead auditor.  In addition to the AAR review the Company's M1003 system has been audited by a number of key customers who have approved the Company's M1003 program as compliant with their own M1003 requirements.  Achieving M1003 approval is indicative of the Company's commitment to American-made high quality products.  This includes product warranties and service that surpass all industry requirements.

In February 2016, the Company completed the development of the Company's new rail tank car bottom outlet valve ("BOV") featuring ceramic components that are designed to increase valve life and reliability.  The Company received the approval from the AAR for field service trials of this unique BOV design.  Most general service tank rail tank cars carrying non-hazardous and hazardous commodities including crude oil and ethanol are equipped with a bottom outlet valve through which the tank car is emptied.  Current BOV designs utilizing stainless steel components have well-known shortcomings specifically in transport services where the commodity is abrasive or has corrosive characteristics that are detrimental to the materials from which the BOV is made. 

On March 1, 2016 Tony Andrukaitis was appointed the Chief Operating Officer ("COO") of the Company and Mr. Neil Gambow became the Managing Director of Corporate Development. 

On April 4, 2016 the Company entered into a products distribution agreement with Metal Goods Manufacturing Company, Inc. ("MGM"), headquartered in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. MGM, established in 1938, designs and manufactures check valves, fittings, magnetic gauging devices and control valves used in the rail, pipeline and natural gas industries. 

On June 2, 2016 Mr. Paul Cass was elected as a Director of the Company at the Company's Annual General Meeting held in Vancouver, B.C. Mr. William Troy did not stand for re-election.

In July 2016 the Company successfully completed initial commercial testing of the Company's new emergency response kit known as the Kelso ERK ("ERK").  This specialized equipment is used by first responders to cap and contain chemical leaks in the field that originate in a HAZMAT rail tank car's valve assembly or the Company's connections located on the top of the tank car.  The ERK is specifically designed to be implemented quickly and safely to reduce potential dangers to human life and environmental harm to communities during emergency events involving hazardous materials. The ERK meets the design requirements of many first responder stakeholders in North America. 

On August 3, 2016 Mr. John O'Neill resigned from the Board.

On August 10, 2016 Ms. Laura Roach was appointed to the Board.

On September 13, 2016 the Company was granted a United States Patent 9,441,749 for the Company's VRV.  The patent took approximately two years to process and will remain in effect for the next seventeen years.  The VRV is a low pressure device specifically designed to protect rail tank cars from the effect of an excessive vacuum and prevents the implosion of the tank car.  The development of the Company's VRV design has been driven by customers' concerns and demands for a better performing VRV due to high failure rates of current products in the market today. 

On November 10, 2016 the Company entered an exclusive Technology Development Agreement (the "GJ Agreement") with G & J Technologies Inc. ("G & J"), a private company incorporated in the Province of British Columbia.  The G&J Agreement focuses on the development, commercialization and production of proprietary products used in heavy-duty, high-performance outback terrain vehicles ("OTVS").  The G&J Agreement gives the Company the worldwide, perpetual, exclusive rights to develop with G & J a new generation of patented technologies that enhance the capabilities of OTVS.


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The Agreement gives the Company the right to patent, market, manufacture, distribute and license all specialized technologies covered under the G&J Agreement.  The Company plans to utilize these technologies to create OTVS suspension components that can generate new revenue streams from a non railroad marketplace.

2017

Mr. Neil Gambow resigned as a Director and Chief Technology Officer of the Company effective February 2, 2017.

On February 8, 2017, the Company filed a United States provisional patent application and a corresponding Canadian patent application for an Active Suspension Control System and Method for No-Road Vehicles ("ASCS").  The ASCS patent applications owned by Kelso cover numerous new technologies. The Company anticipates filing further patent applications relating to the ASCS technology as the Company continues to develop and improve the ASCS technology.  With the ASCS patent applications, the Company seeks proprietary rights protection to allow for the development of the Company's business of converting existing commercial vehicles intowith the ASCS to give them heavy-duty, high-performance extreme terrain vehicles ("ETVS").wilderness environments.  The innovations disclosed in the ASCS patent applications are believed to be unique and to represent a dramatic improvement over existing technologies presently used in commercial off-road vehicles.  Vehicles featuring the Company's proprietary technologies are expected to provide distinct advantages to customers in terms of safety, performance and economic efficiencies.


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In accordance with M1003 manufacturing status policies and guidelines the AAR conducted the audit of the Company's Bonham, Texas facility from January 16 - 18, 2017.  This audit is required to maintain M1003 certification which is a requirement for all tank car valve manufacturers.  The audit was completed with no adverse findings and continuation of the Company's M1003 approval has been recommended by the lead auditor.  In addition to the AAR review the Company's M1003 system has been audited by a number of key customers who have approved the Company's M1003 program as compliant with their own M1003 requirements.  Achieving M1003 approval is indicative of the Company's commitment to American-made high qualityhigh-quality products.  This includes product warranties and service that surpass all industry requirements.

In April 2017, the Company completed the development of a package of specialized equipment ("KIT") for rail pressure cars that transport Liquefied Petroleum Gases such as propane and butane and Natural Gas Liquid Chemicals such as hydrogen fluoride. 

The KIT included the Company's new patented (Patent No. 9,568,146 B1 expiring 2034) high-flow pressure car pressure relief valve ("PCH"), unique 2-inch angle valve ("AV") combined with the Company's high quality check valve, needle valve, thermo-well and magnetic gauging device.  This high value product package increased the Company's technology footprint in rail tank technology.  The Company's pressure car kit allows Kelso to participate in all of the Company's market targets in the rail tank car industry with the exception of inhalation risk commodities such as chlorine which remain beyond the Company's risk/reward interests. The PCH features the Company's proprietary constant force spring technology with a low-profile design that is mounted externally to the tank where it is protected from the commodity.  The Company's innovative AV is an-easy-to use valve milled from a single piece of high quality fabricated steel (not cast) that eliminates porosity weakness.  The Association of American Railroads approved both the PPRV and AV for service field trials which can take up to two years for final approval.

In May 2017, the Company successfully completed a full-scale proof-of-patents outback terrain vehicle prototype known as Big Red.  The Big Red prototype featured a Ford F150 truck that was converted with the seven new patents (pending) that have been articulated into one functional vehicle.

On June 6, 2017, the Company has entered an Agreement with a Class I railroad to establish a beta test site for the Company's new rail Wheel Cleaning System ("WCS").  The WCS is designed for rail wheel cleaning operations in railroad hump yards and industrial shipping facilities.  The Agreement allows Kelso to test and evaluate the performance of the WCS in actual rail yard operations.  This was a key prerequisite event that is expected to lead to full commercial sales of the WCS.


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On September 12, 2017, the Company obtained the non-exclusive distribution rights to a proven line of proprietary fueling technologies known as Hydrau-Flo®.  The agreement covers the North American markets for a two-year period with an option for one additional year.  Kelso will concentrate on railroad, military and marine applications.

Hydrau-Flo® products are a suite of mechanical and non-pressurized fuel filling valves that provide safe handling and overfill protection for heavy equipment applications such as locomotives and mining equipment.  They offer a low-cost solution that can improve fueling times up to 83% adding thousands of additional production hours to equipment fleets.  They are designed to prevent overfilling, fuel spillage, waste, fuel theft and remove the risk of tank ruptures from pressure build up during and after filling.  Hydrau-Flo® offers excellent wear resistance with proven increases in productivity.  It improves the economics of ownership by effectively addressing the key issues of longevity, capacity and efficiency of operations.

In December 2017, the Company completed the design and implementation of the second generation of its Active Suspension Control System ("ASCS") prototype.  The Company also successfully outfitted a 2017 Ford F150 production prototype (Prototype) with the ASCS.  The Prototype featured the Company's suspension-related patents (pending) that have been designed to provide new heavy duty "road-to-no-road" performance capability in rugged outback terrains as well as standard road conditions.wilderness terrains.

Implementation of Kelso's business infrastructure and plans for the ASCS project has commenced.  The ASCS division of Kelso operates under the Company's wholly owned British Columbia subsidiary KIQ X Industries Inc., ("KIQX") located in Kelowna, BC, Canada.  ASCS equipment will be marketed under the trade name Kelso KIQ X Gear.  All requirements of and KXI™ Suspension Systems.  The strategic plans for commercial production including sub-contracted facilities & equipment, supply chain and engineering are expected to be completed on or before the end of February 2018.commenced.

Commercial market planning commenced in March 2018.  Initial marketing and sales initiatives for KIQ X Gear will focus on customers requiring reliable suspension performance in operations involving search & rescue, military, railroad, police & border patrol, emergency first response, railroads, mining, forestry, agriculture, ranching, pipelines, telecommunications, oil, gas, electric transmission and recreation.

2018

On February 15, 2018 the Company's commercial testing of the Company's rail WCS was completed.  The WCS is designed for rail wheel cleaning operations to facilitate speed retardation in railroad hump yards and industrial shipping facilities. 

The Company's WCS is a unique proprietary (patent pending) rail wheel cleaning system that has been designed in cooperation with Class I railroads.  It addresses the problematic issue of railcar wheels "caking" with various commodities during operations.  Another key feature of the WCS is that it improves the effectiveness of speed retarders to reduce the number of over speed incidents in train assembly operations.  The industrial heavy-duty cleaning capabilities provided by the WCS for railcar operations can reliably maintain and improve the performance of rolling stock.  Some of the more challenging commodities addressed by the WCS include crude oil/tar, salt water slurry, flour water slurry, Portland cement, lime powder slurry, sugar water slurry, potash and sulfur.

On April 17, 2018 Mr. Jesse V. Crews was appointed to the board of the Company as an independent director.

In May 2018 Kelso had substantially completed its engineering designs for its second production vehicle prototype featuring its proprietary ASCS.  Effective June 1, 2018 the Company secured a leased 3,400 square foot business facility in Kelowna, BC, Canada with the goal to operate administration, marketing, driver education, spare parts, repairs and maintenance, sales, distribution and product development.  For convenience the premise is located several blocks from our sub-contracted production facilities.  Production tooling and beginning to engage supply chain administration for conversion of multiple vehicles that will be available to the market.

The ASCS has been developed with emphasis on providing distinct advantages to customers in terms of better safety characteristics and more effective operational capabilities while mitigating the impact of human error and environmental damage in outback operations.  The ASCS is ideal for customers who need to traverse rough outback terrain in a wheeled vehicle for the purpose of reaching remote destinations with multiple passengers and maximum payload.  Although designed for commercial use it is well suited for both industry and leisure markets.


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A key design dynamic is safety with minimal environmental impact.  The engineering incorporated in our ASCS is based on thirty years of research and experience and over 24 custom vehicle builds.  The ASCS is believed to represent a dramatic improvement over existing technologies presently used in commercial combined road-no-road vehicles.  At just under 2 pounds PSI (humans range from 5 to 9 pounds PSI) the ASCS equipped vehicle will have minimum environmental impact on outback operations due to the distribution of the overall weight of the vehicle.

The advantage of the ASCS is its ability to adjust the center-of-gravity of the vehicle during operations with its proprietary automated gyroscopic controlled air suspension.  This ensures that the driver, passengers and payload remain in as safe, stable and level position as possible when driving in difficult rugged outback terrains including flooded areas.  The ASCS technology package is well suited for use in desert, mountain, snow and low lyinglow-lying water regions around the world.

Production tooling and supply chain was initiated in the second half of 2018.  Production PrototypeExperimental prototype No. 3 was commenced and completed in late 2018. The No. 3 prototype is currently being tested in road-no-road rugged terrain environments.

Subsequent2019

During 2019 Kelso continued to Year Ended December 31, 2018build on the stature of its brand as a leading developer and supplier of a wide range of proprietary tank car valves designed for use in the hazmat shipment market.  The Company promoted its strategic plan of customer driven product development and business strategies to bring Kelso unique competitive advantages with its customers.  Investments in customer driven co-engineered product development improved the probability of future market adoption.  This allows focus on marketing initiatives to capitalize on future sales opportunities.

Kelso focuses on its high-quality production capabilities. On January 15, 2019 Kelso received its M-1003 certification from the AAR after completion of a detailed audit which resulted in no material negative findings.  The certification iswill be in effect until January 15, 2022.

In mid-February2019 our products proved to deliver a longer-term economic value proposition for tank car stakeholders.  This value included reliable high-quality equipment, unprecedented warranties, high service standards and short lead times for delivery.  Diverse products sold in 2019 included pressure relief valves, vacuum relief valves, pressure car valves, one-bolt manways and related equipment, emergency response equipment for hazmat first responders, no spill locomotive fuelling equipment and other specialty valves, parts, equipment and services. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company announcedreported growth of net income to $3,334,043 ($0.07 per share) against revenues of $20,550,682 compared to a net income of $194,453 ($0.00 per share) against revenues of $12,716,596 for the year ended December 31, 2018.

During 2019, in response to the continued concerns for the safety of emergency responders fighting wilderness fires Kelso continued the development of a unique vehicle suspension system that itsprovided new vacuum relief valve ("VRV") had successfully completedrapid response "road-to-no-road" capabilities regardless of the required two-year field service trialclimate or the severity of the terrain. 

The catalyst to our interest in this business development opportunity was our dedication to public safety and the requests to the engineering community from governments, firefighters, emergency responders and other stakeholders for the creation of better technologies that can better respond to threats to public safety and better protection of firefighters in the wilderness.

We considered the engineering challenge and ambition worth pursuit as environmental experts warn that that the Associationnet damage costs and human safety issues due to climate change events are likely to significantly increase in the upcoming years due to intensified weather events such as wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and drought.  Wilderness and populated areas will be in harms way and society will have to respond to these events with better capabilities, faster response times and improved effectiveness.

Kelso through its wholly owned subsidiary KIQ X Industries continued its plans to become a leading developer of American Railroads approvedthis new generation of specialized wilderness response transportation equipment.  Products in development grew to include the VRVproprietary KXI vehicle suspension system, ordinance trailers, custom tires and other specialty equipment.


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In 2020 the Company is scheduled to complete two KXI equipped production prototype vehicles to prepare for fullthe first commercial use. offering to the marketplace.  The Company will then move into a pilot production model where we intend to produce and sell 24 KXI equipped vehicles before scaling to our production needs based on projected sales and reserved orders.

During 2019 the past two years of service trial, customers showed strong support and expressed bona fide interest in adoptingCompany registered the Company's VRV alongstock option plan by filing a Form S-8, Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, permitting our US based employees to exercise their current demand for the Company's pressure relief valves. Shipping of the VRV to customers can commence within two weeks of a customer's order.stock options without further regulatory registration.

Capital Expenditures

The Company has no material capital expenditures planned at this time nor does it have any divestitures planned.

Takeover Offers

The Company is not aware of any indication of any public takeover offers by third parties in respect of the Company's common shares during the Company's last financial year or current financial year.

B. Business Overview

The CompanyMarkets and Business Model

Kelso is a railroad equipment supplieran engineering company that producesspecializes in the development, production and sellsdistribution of proprietary tank car service equipment used in transportation applications. Our reputation to date has been earned as a developer and reliable supplier of unique high-performance rail tank car equipment used in the handling and containment of hazardous and non-hazardous commodities during transport.

All Kelso products are developed with emphasis on economic and operational advantages to customers while mitigating the impact of human error and environmental releases. The Company offers specialized rail tank car and truck tanker equipment, no-spill fuel loading systems, first responder emergency response equipment and "road-to-no-road" suspension systems for motor vehicles being used in rugged wilderness terrains.

Over the last eight years the Company has established itself as a leading North American producer and supplier of specialized rail tank car equipment. The Company's core rail tank car products include pressure relief, vacuum relief and bottom outlet valves as well as a proprietary one-bolt manway. These products provide some of the key elements of a rail tank car's structure to ensure the safe loading, unloadinghandling and containment of hazardous materials during transport. Products are specifically designed to provide economic and operational advantages while reducing the potential effects of human error and environmental harm during the transport of hazardous materials.

The Company currently offers approximately 60 products.  Key products include 47 types of PRV for pressure management; 4 types of OBM, BOV and VRV that address the technical requirements of loading, transport and unloading operations for the containment of non-hazardous and hazardous commodities during transport.  These products are proprietary and patent protected and designed for use on applications on railroad tank cars, but can be modified for use in other markets such as trucking. See "Risk Factors - Risks Relating to the Business" for additional information on patents for the Company's product. See "Key Products" below forWith a description of the Company's key products. In addition to current product offerings, Kel-Flo Industries Inc., the Company's wholly-owned product development enterprise, receives feedback from key customers on new products to add to the Company's catalogue and considers, and where appropriate incorporates, this customer feedback into product development decisions.  The Company does not have any agreements with the Company's customers in this regard.


- 17 -

The Company's management has expanded the Company's business plans in 2016 to include non-tank car related equipment, engineering and troubleshooting services and ancillary non-proprietary production services.  Product development activities are focusing on the creationsolid history of innovative engineeredtechnology solutions forand a reputation anchored by the reliability of supply, the Company serves many of North America's largest tank car builders and shippers with a wide range of applications in all transportation markets. custom engineering and production services.

The Company continues to build a quality brand in the railroad industry based on the Company's reputation to create, develop, engineer and reliably supply "best technology" product solutions that address the demanding technology criteria of the Company's railroad customers. In less than three years, the Company has successfully gained the railroad industry's confidence, approval and their willingness to adopt the Company's products.

The Common Sharescommon shares are publicly traded on the TSXToronto Stock Exchange under the trading symbol "KLS"KLS and the NYSE American Exchange under the trading symbol KIQ. The Company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange on May 22, 2014 and on the NYSE American under the trading symbol "KIQ".

Exchange on October 14, 2014. The Company operates in conjunctioncombination with the Company's four wholly-ownedits wholly owned subsidiaries Kelso Technologies (USA) Inc, KIQ X Industries Inc., Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly Kelso Innovative), KIQ XIndustries Inc.and KXI Wildertec Industries Inc.

Over the past five years management has established multi-million dollar sales of its products to North American rail tank car manufacturers (OEM) and KIQ Industries Inc.  Kel-Flo focuses on engineering industrial designs and distribution plansretrofit/repair businesses. Revenues over the last five audited year end periods were as follows: $20,550,682 for the Company's productsyear ended December 31, 2019; $12,716,596 for applications in the roadway truckingyear ended December 31, 2018; $6,062,778 for the year ended December 31, 2017; $8,077,143 for the year ended December 31, 2016; and trailer market.  KIQ Industries Inc. is working on$18,910,122 for the development of several new specialty products. KIQ X is working on developing the ASCS.

Marketsyear ended December 31, 2015.

The Company's principal markets arenet earnings (loss) performance over the United Stateslast five year end periods were as follows:  net income of $3,334,043 for the year ended December 31, 2019; net income of $194,453 for the year ended December 31, 2018; a net loss of $5,015,911 for the year ended December 31, 2017; a net loss of $2,465,592 for the year ended December 31, 2016; net loss of $2,510,826 for the year ended December 31, 2015.


- 14 -

Our primary market (hazmat rail tank cars) that slowed considerably during the rail recession in 2016 and Canada.  The Company distributes2017 improved in 2018 to restore the Company's products directlyfinancial health and remains profitable to the Company's customersdate of this report.  Hazardous commodity businesses that were in cut back positions from 2015 to 2017 returned to healthier levels in 2018 with additional business momentum in 2019.

In North America industry rail tank car analysts expect tank car backlog to remain at healthy levels.  Production in 2019 was approximately 21,000 tank cars and over 17,000 tank cars are projected in 2020.  Overall tank car loadings increased 3.5% in 2019 and a 2.5% increase is expected in 2020.  Kelso supplied its specialized tank car equipment to over 8,000 tank cars in 2018 and over 12,000 tank cars in 2019.  Depending on the Company's production facilitiesmakeup of customers' specifications and the status of our AAR approvals, sales of our valves can range to over $10,000 per tank car in Bonham, Texas.future periods.

The Company's key products are the BOV, VRV, OBM and PRV.  Each of these key products is at the commercial production stage.Long AAR approval processes slow our ability to improve sales with additional rail tank car equipment. The Company continues to workpursue AAR approvals for our ceramic ball bottom outlet valve ("BOV"), pressure car pressure relief valve ("PCH"), ball valve, manway covers and angle valve although the process takes considerable time to complete.  Final approvals will depend on administration of our restrictive budgets and the challenges of strict AAR testing requirements that are time consuming, risky and contrary to short-term profit goals. Management believes its AAR approved rail tank car products still provide meaningful revenue opportunities that will contribute to the longer-term health of Kelso.

Our roots and reputation in rail tank car technologies have established a solid foundation for corporate diversification strategies in new markets. New product development initiatives concentrate on a wider range of technology products that are designed to provide unique economic benefits and safe operational advantages to customers.

In response to a dismal performance in 2017 management actively looked for new diverse market opportunities outside of the rail industry to pursue.  The goal was to spread our business risk to diminish the severe negative impact of the historic down cycles in the rail industry.

The growing challenges regarding the safety and access capabilities of emergency responders fighting wilderness fires motivated Kelso to begin the development of a unique vehicle suspension system.  This innovative equipment provides new productsrapid response road-to-no-road capabilities regardless of weather, climate or the severity of the terrain.  Known as the KXI™ Suspension System (KXI) it is based on thirty years of active wilderness research and experience.

In 2020 the Company is scheduled to complete two production prototype vehicles to prepare for the first commercial offering to the marketplace.  The Company will then move into a pilot production model where we intend to produce and sell 24 vehicles before scaling to our production needs based on findingprojected sales.

The catalyst to our interest in this business development were the requests to the engineering community from governments, firefighters, emergency responders and other stakeholders for the creation of new markets for existing products such as applicationstechnologies that can better respond to threats to public safety and better protection of firefighters in the commercial trucking industry.

wilderness.  These potential markets are multi-billion dollar opportunities.  The Company's total revenue for the past three financial yearsautomotive aftermarket conversion industry is attributable by key product and by geographic region as follows:valued at approximately $44 billion annually. 

Year Ended

Total Revenue
(audited)

Key Product

Geographic Jurisdiction

Other
(unaudited)

OBM
(unaudited)

PRV
(unaudited)

United States
(unaudited)

Canada
(unaudited)

December 31, 2016

$8,077,143

$299,874

(3.7%)

$227,103

(2.8%)

$7,550,166

(93.5%)

$8,059,293

(99.8%)

$17,850

(0.002%)

December 31, 2017

$6,062,778

$452,709

(7.5%)

$182,667

(3.0%)

$5,427,402

(89.5%)

$6,062,778

(100.0%)

Nil

December 31, 2018

$12,716,596

$370,971

(2.9%)

$13,301

(0.1%)

$12,332,324

(97.0%)

$12,716,596

(100%)

Nil


Business Model

During the past decade Kelso has worked to become a leading developer and supplier of a wide range of proprietary rail tank car valves designed primarily for use in the hazmat shipment market.  Our valve business has grown and proven to help shippers safely deliver hazmat commodities wherever they need to go in North America.  The evolution to customer driven product development in recent years now bring Kelso unique competitive advantages with customers as management pursues its goals of positive financial performance for years to come.

Our business model of the Company is kept smart, simple and focused on the industrial designcustomer needs.  We concentrate on sound business fundamentals, operational practices, EBITDA returns and engineeringcareful capital management.  Today, we invest in customer driven co-engineered product development of qualified commercial products based on the Company's patents, proprietary rights, expertise and specific technology adoption criteria established by the Company's clientele. The resulting products are marketed, produced and distributed to the Company's OEM, repair and retrofit customers in the railroad industry.

The Company's primary goal is to build large profitable revenue streams from the Company's products. Management plans to reinvest profits into the expansion of the Company's business to grow earnings to levels that maintain financial health without further external funding; improve returns on investment; allow for the payment of dividends; and allow the corporate value to increase on behalf of the Company's shareholders. However, there is no guarantee that the Company will be successful in achieving these goals.

New additions to the M-1002 and Federal Regulations (CFR 49) in the USA as well as Transport Canada regulations have been mostly driven by need to improve safety, protect the environment from accidental spills.probability of market adoption.  This allows us to prepare marketing initiatives to capitalize on sales opportunities.  We monitor industry trends and regulated technology requirements to select R&D projects that can be fruitful for our future revenue streams.  The recent tragic accidents at Lac Mégantic, Quebec and other incidents in several locations in Canada and the US have further driven regulations to improve safety all around as evidenced by the new regulations issued by Transport Canada and PHMSA in May 2015.ambition is that our engineering team can proactively resolve issues for customers before reactionary measures are required.


- 1815 -

These new regulations are the final rules covering construction requirements for tank cars carrying flammable commodities (DOT 117), timetables for phase-out of tank cars not meeting the new rules and management of high-hazard trains. The Company believes that these new rules provide opportunity for the company as new cars are built to replace older cars and some older cars are retrofitted to meet the new rules.  These new rules were influenced by the AAR Tank Car Committee who convenes many task groups to address tank car safety and use.  Kelso is active in those task groups that may have an impact on existing or planned Kelso products.

The Company believes the key components of the Company's business model include:

  • experienced executive management, including directors and officers with many years of business experience as described under "Directors and Senior Management";experience;
  • focused strategic plans that are achievable, flexible and sustainable;
  • access to development capital through reputable public company governance;
  • corporate branding as a reliable supplier of high-quality railroad equipment;
  • exceptional customer service;
  • industrial engineering capability for product solutions based on customers' specific criteria;
  • growth of a "next generation" transportation service equipment cataloguefor rail, road and wilderness transportation applications through in-house product development that moves awaydevelopment;
  • product diversification plans to diminish revenue risk factors from historical products to significantly different technology;historically cyclical products;
  • acquisition of new or established products that can grow new markets under the Company's management;
  • marketing initiatives that promote awareness of the Company's products being "best available technology" as evidenced by increasing revenue from salesquality of the Company's products and adoption rates for the Company's products in the marketplace;economic value proposition they offer to interested stakeholders;
  • reliable loyal customers to fuel predictable profitable business growth; and
  • maintenance of a proven effective and efficient production infrastructure and capacity designed to supplymeet demand.

Although still a small enterprise the Company believes that it remains at the forefront of technology development for the railroad industry as it has successfully developed new products which are designed to address current industry and customer demand and which replace products that are based on technology which was developed in some cases over 80 years ago. The Company's business model is focused on becoming a leader in the design and supply of new technologies aimed at safe operational effectiveness and economic efficiencies in transportation systems.

Key Products

The Company currently offers approximately 60 products.  The key products that the Company offers, as summarized below, include a series of 47 types of PRVs for pressure management; 4 models of the OBM manway securement system, a Bottom Outlet Valve ("BOV"), and a Vacuum Relief Valve ("VRV"); these products address the technical requirements of load and unload operations  We are focused on our rail equipment and the containmentdevelopment of hazardous commodities during transport.  Products are designed for use on applications on railroad tank cars butour wilderness transportation equipment that can be modified for usediversify and grow our revenues in other markets such as trucking. The Company has patent protection for the Company's PRV, OBM, BOV and VRV products.  See "Risk Factors - Risks Relating to the Business".new market segments.

Rail Tank Car External Constant Force Spring Pressure Relief Valves ("PRV") (Patented)Equipment Market

Currently we offer a wide range of proprietary valves and other specialty equipment for rail tank cars and road tankers.  In the 1990's Kelso's origins were based on unique inventions that better served problematic safety issues in the transport of hazmat commodities.  Our commercial business evolution began with the adoption of our patented constant force pressure relief valves during the surge in crude-by-rail (CBR) shipments from 2012 to 2015.  Since 2012 the Company has distributed over 65,000 valves that has generated over $100 million in revenues.

Our products provide a rewarding economic value proposition for all tank car stakeholders.  This value includes reliable high-quality equipment, unprecedented warranties, high service standards and short lead times for delivery.  Over the past decade Kelso has been involvedable to develop a niche in the development, regulatory approvals, marketingmarketplace for many of our products.  Key products include:

  • Pressure relief valves
  • Vacuum relief valves
  • Bottom outlet valves (under AAR field service trials)
  • Pressure car valves (under AAR field service trials)
  • Ball valves (under AAR field service trials)
  • One-bolt manways and manufacturerelated equipment
  • Emergency response equipment for hazmat first responders
  • No spill locomotive fuelling equipment
  • Other specialty valves, parts, equipment and services

The rail tank car market in North America is not considered a growth industry but rather a cyclical commodity market that is historically unpredictable.  Kelso is focused on growing its rail business through the sales of PRV that are designed for railroada wider range of pressure relief valves, vacuum relief valves, ball valves, bottom outlet valves, manway equipment, angle valves and other specialized equipment.

In order to measure and manage rail tank cars that carry hazardous and non-hazardous commodities.  Themarket opportunities the Company currently offers 47 versions ofanalyses the PRV in its product line, including a number of high-performance PRV products.  As required all PRV products have received AAR approval basedtotal tank car loadings annually to determine best business practices and key commodities to concentrate on service trials and physical testing.  The Company believes that its series of PRV products are "best available technology" products; proprietary to Kelso; and have a number of significant competitive advantages that include:in any given period.

  • High "barrier to entry" for competitors due to the Company's patent rights and the years of testing required by the AAR to gain regulatory approvals.
  • Only fabricated parts are used, so there are none of the problems associated with using castings.

- 1916 -

  • The leaderkey industry metrics are as follows:


    Measure


    2014


    2015


    2016


    2017


    2018


    2019

    Estimated
    2020

    (In thousands)

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Total tank car loadings:

    3,502

    3,796

    3,323

    3,375

    3,637

    3,729

    3,800

    1. Chemicals (includes ethanol)

    1,501

    1,651

    1,493

    1,543

    1,577

    1,574

    1,600

    2. Petroleum

    784

    900

    863

    941

    1,081

    1,173

    1,200

    3. Food

    439

    452

    433

    438

    452

    432

    444

    4. Crude-by-rail

    518

    525

    281

    191

    266

    339

    362

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Number of tank cars delivered

    35,293

    36,065

    17,841

    8,948

    10,455

    21,122

    TBD

    Performance (In thousands of $)

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Kelso revenues

    $            23,817

    $          18,911

    $              8,077

    $              6,063

    $          12,717

    $            20,550

    TBD

    EBITDA (loss)

    $              6,844

    $              386

    $            (3,056)

    $            (4,609)

    $           1,002

    $              4,233

    TBD

    Earnings (loss)

    $              4,026

    $         (2,511)

    $            (2,466)

    $            (5,016)

    $              194

    $              3,334

    TBD

    Based on current projections from industry analysts total tank car loading levels in bringing an external, low-profile high flow valve2020 are expected to market which limits exposure to chemicals or other corrosive commodities transported in the tank car.

  • Technological improvement over older valve systems as it eliminates the helical coil spring, the internal valve stems and spring guide tube.
  • Multiple springs that prevent disruptions that occur when single spring designs become inoperable due to spring failure.
  • Increased valve reliability due to little or no contactbe consistent with HAZMAT.
  • Uses flat gasket seal; more tolerant to contamination.
  • External design allows complete inspection during loading.

Rail Tank Car One-Bolt Manway (Patented)2019 levels.

The Company holds the patent rights for a unique OBM technology for use on rail tank cars and truck tank trailers.  The Company believes that the OBM is an important technology change for the railroad industry where the return on investment and arguments for customers' adoption of the OBM are compelling.  They include:

  • One bolt-and-strap design eliminates eye-bolt problems and possible leaks due to crushed gaskets.
  • Eliminates lid deformation and nozzle distortion due to the over-torque of eye-bolts.
  • Eliminates relaxation of gaskets under eye-bolt location.
  • Eliminates eye-bolt nuts loosening in transit due to vibration and improper cross-bolting technique - a violation subject to regulatory fines in excess of $5,000 per incident.
  • Standard AAR-approved gasket retention method with currently used hard and soft gaskets.
  • ACME Thread on T-Bolt virtually eliminates loosening due to vibration.
  • Rigid collar at top of nozzle reduces risk of nozzle or lid distortion.
  • Much faster opening and closing operation with one bolt management system which will take the current industry open/close standard cycle time of 25-35 minutes to 5 minutes with the OBM.
  • Uniform load on the gasket prolongs service life as evidenced in field service trial.
  • Reduces possible release of hazardous commodity in a roll-over accident by moving threaded closing mechanism below the plane of the lid.
  • Ease of operation with lightweight hinged lid.
  • No eye-bolts to kick at tank car inspection.

OBM Adapter Plate (patented)

Kelso has successfully developed and tested a fully functional loading arm adaptor that fits both the OBM and older hinged 6 and 8 eye-bolt manways currently in service on bank cars in North America.  The adaptor attaches permanently to the existing loading arm apparatus and connects the loading arm to any existing manway in service today.  The adaptors are a minimal expense when measured against the substantial capacity gains they will produce hence addressing the concerns of additional capital expenditures required to convert loading terminals that top-load HAZMAT.

Vacuum Relief Valve ("VRV") (patented)

The VRV is a patented low pressure device specifically designed to protect rail tank cars from the effect of an excessive vacuum and prevents the implosion of the tank car.  The development of the Company's patented VRV has been driven by customers' demand for a better performing VRV due to high failure rates of current products in use in the market today. 

The Company's new innovative VRV design features the Company's patented constant force pressure springs and meets the new DOT-117 tank car specifications implemented on October 1, 2015.  In February 2019, the AAR has certified Kelso's VRV design for full commercial utilization. 

Bottom Outlet Valve ("BOV") (patented)

The Company's patented bottom outlet valves are utilized on rail tank cars for the primary purpose of unloading the contents of the tank.  The BOV must be a low-profile design as it is positioned at the lowest point of the tank so that a full discharge of the tank can be achieved.  They are widely used in the transport of hazardous commodities such as crude oil, ethanol, chemicals, petrochemicals and minerals such as molten sulfur as well as many non-hazardous commodity applications.


- 20 -

The development of the Company's patented BOV has been driven by customers' demand for a better performing BOV due to chronic performance problems with current products in use in the market today.  The Company's new innovative BOV design prevents valve operating stem leaks and features the use of non-corrosive ceramic materials and a seal protecting wiper.  The Company's BOV meets the new DOT-117 tank car specifications implemented on October 1, 2015 and the new M1002 Tank Car Standards requiring a removable handle.  The AAR has approved Kelso's BOV design for commercial field trial testing that is ongoing.

Emergency Response Kit ("ERK") - First Responder Equipment

Kelso's ERK is specialized equipment that is used by first responders to cap and contain chemical leaks in the field that originate in a HAZMAT rail tank car's valve assembly or its connections located on the top of the tank car.  The ERK is specifically designed to be implemented quickly and safely to reduce potential dangers to human life and environmental harm to communities during emergency events involving hazardous materials. 

The ERK was developed in partnership with hazardous materials specialists from a Class 1 Railroad company.  It has numerous advantages for its users over current competitive designs:

  • Compact - the Kelso ERK fits in one container which is a reduction from the three containers currently used.  The ERK takes up less space on emergency response vehicles and allows handling by one person.

  • Built with lightweight materials the ERK is half the weight of existing products providing easier deployment and operation of the ERK by emergency responders.

  • No additional application tools are required which reduces kit weight and complexity of operation.

  • Color-coded valve caps aid first responder in selecting proper valve cap under emergency conditions.

  • Friction reduction system lowers torque needed to apply the valve cap.  This reduces the number of tools needed to effectively apply the ERK reducing the potential effects of human error and potential injury to first responders.

  • The ERK is designed for both pressure tank cars which include commodities such as chlorine, liquefied petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia and non-pressurized tank cars.

  • The Kelso ERK is the only emergency kit in the market that is designed to handle general service tank cars.

Truck Tanker Equipment (patents pending)

The Company has completed the design and engineering of two key pieces of truck tanker equipment for the containment and pressure management of hazardous and non-hazardous commodities that are transported via roads. 

The specialized products include a pressure/vacuum relief valve ("TPVR") and a one-bolt manway ("TOBM").  These new products are based on the Company's patents that are utilized in rail tank car applications and meet DOT 407 49 CFR 178.345 regulations.

On July 10, 2017 the TPVR and TOBM were installed on a truck tanker for assessment testing by the Company's industrial technology partner.  This testing is not a required regulatory field trial as in rail regulations, but rather a customer review for suitability.  The Company has commenced marketing and sales initiatives.

Active Suspension Control System for Combined Road-No-Road Vehicles (Patents Pending)

The Company has filed a United States provisional patent application and a corresponding Canadian patent application for an Active Suspension Control System and Method for No-Road Vehicles ("ASCS").  The ASCS patent application is owned by Kelso and covers numerous new technologies. Kelso anticipates filing further patent applications relating to the ASCS technology as Kelso continues to develop new rail service equipment products that are anticipated to provide new financial growth opportunities for the Company.  We focus on core design objectives that are:

  • To ensure public safety by mitigating the potential negative environmental impacts of non-accidental releases of hazardous materials in transit.
  • To manage negative and positive pressure within the tank thereby reducing the risks of implosion or explosion ensuring the safe containment of hazardous materials while being loaded, transported and unloaded.
  • To improve the ASCS technology.customers' operating effectiveness and economic rewards with proven reliable equipment.
  • To build reliable equipment featuring high quality milled parts eliminating problematic cast parts that cause a high level of negative performance issues that lead to complex expensive repair logistics for customers.
  • To ensure that customers benefit with more profitable in-service time for tank cars.

Wilderness Transportation Equipment Market


- 21 -

Kelso seeksthrough its wholly owned subsidiary KIQ X Industries Inc. is working to become a leading developer of a new generation of specialized wilderness response transportation equipment.  Products in development now include proprietary rights protectionKXI vehicle suspension system, ordinance trailers, custom tires and other specialty equipment.

In 2017 in response to allow forthe growing problems and the safety of emergency responders fighting wilderness fires Kelso began the development of a unique vehicle suspension system that provided new rapid response road-to-no-road capabilities regardless of the Company's businessclimate or the severity of outfitting commercial industry and leisure based motor vehicles with the ASCS system.  This allows Kelso to market specialized, high-performance rugged sloped outback terrain vehicles for recreational and commercial operations in difficult road and no-road operations. 

The innovations disclosed interrain.  Known as the ASCS patent applications are believed to be unique and to represent a dramatic improvement over existing technologies presently used in commercial off-road vehicles.  Converted vehicles feature a "spider" like independent suspension that keeps the vehicle stable and level through its proprietary gyroscopic technology.  In road-modeKXI™ Suspension System ("KXI") it looks like a standard vehicle with very large wheels and when in no-road mode it can provide a 20 inch lift capability creating approximately 30 plus inch ground clearance.  The technology allows the vehicle to stay level and stable in any operational environment.

Design dynamics include:

  • The ASCS is a unique reliable suspension methodologytechnology based on thirty years of active wilderness research and experience.
  • In 2020 the Company is scheduled to complete two KXI equipped production prototype vehicles to prepare for the first commercial offering to the marketplace.  The ASCS is believedCompany will then move into a pilot production model where we intend to represent a dramatic improvement over existingproduce and sell 24 KXI equipped vehicles before scaling to our production needs based on projected sales and reserved orders.


    - 17 -

    The catalyst to our interest in this business development opportunity were the requests to the engineering community from governments, firefighters, emergency responders and other stakeholders for the creation of better technologies presently usedthat can better respond to threats to public safety and better protection of firefighters in commercial combined road-no-road vehicles. 

  • Vehicles featuring the ASCSwilderness.  These potential markets are expectedmulti-billion dollar opportunities.  The total automotive aftermarket conversion industry valued at approximately $44 billion annually. 

    We considered the engineering challenge and ambition worth their pursuit as environmental experts warn that that the net damage costs of climate change events are likely to provide distinct advantagessignificantly increase in the upcoming years due to customersintensified weather events such as wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and drought.  Wilderness and populated areas will be in terms of safety, effective performanceharms way and operational capabilities. 

  • society will have to respond to these events with better capabilities, faster response times and improved effectiveness.

    The basic design premise of the ASCSKXI is to manage the center-of-gravity of theto better balance a wheeled vehicle with automated gyroscopic controlled air suspension. 

  • This ensures that the driver, passengers and payload remain in asa stable and level a position as possible when driving in difficult rugged outbackremote wilderness terrains including flooded areas. 
  • The ASCS technology package is well suited for use in desert, mountain, snowextreme hills and low lying water regions aroundside-hill challenges.  Our testing has confirmed that commercial stakeholders can expect the world.

Operational advantages include:KXI to provide:

  • IdealAll weather - all terrain "Road-To-No-Road" emergency response capabilities that eliminates time consuming trailer transportation costs for heavy equipment needed in difficult service areas.
  • Better mobility capabilities for commercial customers who need to traversemust operate in extreme rough outback terrainwilderness terrains in a wheeled vehiclevehicles for the purpose of safely reaching remote destinations safely with multiple passengers and maximum payload.payload with minimal negative impact on the environment.
  • Ideal for both commercial industry and leisure markets.Low environmental impact where KXI reduces nominal ground pressure of the vehicle (floatation weight) to under the government's recommended 2 PSI resulting in no traceable disturbance or negative impact on the ground, wildlife or plant life.
  • Eliminates need for expensive track-based vehicles.
  • Ideal for outback operations around the world.
  • Combined road-no-road capability eliminates additional transportation costsGyroscopic balanced ride improves access in heavily sloped wilderness provides higher speed of equipment into service areas.
  • Reduces need for more expensive service equipment such as helicopters.
  • Excels in all weather environments year round.response to emergency events.
  • Cost effective operations.
  • Lighter weight than competitive vehicles.
  • Balanced distribution of weight reduces environmental impact.reductions when helicopters, track-based vehicles and heavy equipment transport can be diminished by less expensive KXI technologies.

The ASCS business operates under the Company's wholly owned subsidiary KIQ X Industries Inc that is incorporated under the laws of the Province of British, Columbia, Canada.  Research and development, marketing and subcontracted production operations are located in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.

Production prototype "002X" utilizing the ASCS technology on a 2018 Ford F150 is complete and road and off-road testing and marketing has commenced.  Production tooling and supply chain and marketing initiatives have commenced and are ongoing.  New commercial markets are expected to be derived from customers requiring heavy duty ASCS performance in agriculture, ranching, search & rescue, snow management, railroad, homeland security, police & border patrol, first responders, mining, forestry, and oil, gas and electric transmission applications.

Wheel Cleaning System ("WCS") for Rail Cars (patents pending)

The WCSKXI is designed for rail wheel cleaning operations in railroad hump yards and industrial shipping facilities.the aftermarket conversion of existing vehicles.  We do not build vehicles - we retrofit the KXI on currently available vehicles.  The Company's WCS is a unique proprietary (patent pending) rail wheel cleaning system that has been designed in co-operation with Class I railroads.


- 22 -

It addresses the problematic issue of railcar wheels "caking" with various commodities during operations.  The industrial heavy-duty cleaning capabilities provided by the WCS for railcar operations can reliably maintain and improve the performance of rolling stock.  Some of the more challenging commodities addressed by the WCS include crude oil/tar, salt water slurry, flour water slurry, Portland cement, lime powder slurry, sugar water slurry, potash and sulfur.

The Company's standard 46-foot WCS is a unique modular design that can be transported to site and installed.  The Company's basic system is mechanical and does not require any external power supply.  It can be customized to accommodate various contaminates as specified and can be automated if required to allow signal operators to turn the system on or off.

Fuel Loading Systems (Hydrau-Flo®) for Locomotives, Marine and Military Applications

Hydrau-Flo® represents a unique opportunity for Kelso to participate in fueling technology markets with proven innovative productsrollout plan for the Company's railroad customers.  Company holdsKXI initially will be distribution to our development partners in Canada that operate in environmentally sensitive terrain before moving into the non-exclusive distribution rights to a proven line of proprietary fueling technologies known as Hydrau-Flo®.  The agreement covers the North American markets for a two year period with an option for one additional year.  Kelso will concentrate on railroad, militaryUSA and marine applications.

Hydrau-Flo® products are a suite of mechanical and non-pressurized fuel filling valves that provide safe handling and overfill protection for heavy equipment applications such as locomotives.  They offer a low cost solution that can improve fueling times up to 83% adding thousands of additional production hours to equipment fleets.  They are designed to prevent overfilling, fuel spillage, waste, fuel theft and remove the risk of tank ruptures from pressure build up during and after filling.  Hydrau-Flo® offers excellent wear resistance with proven increases in productivity.  It improves the economics of ownership by effectively addressing the key issues of longevity, capacity and efficiency of operations.

In the Company's North American railroad market there are over 23,000 locomotives in service today representing a market size in excess of $200 million.  As part of the Company's market feasibility analysis over the past eight months the Company has successfully retrofitted a locomotive at a fueling center in approximately one hour and then fueled at high speed with no fuel leaks demonstrating a significant value proposition for railroad customers.

Management is very encouraged by the Hydrau-Flo® opportunity and expects new revenue streams to be generated from these products in 2019.other world markets.

Production and Services

The CompanyKelso currently operates two rail equipment production and R&D facilities totalingtotalling 50,000 square feet in Bonham, Texas. The Company is fully qualified and certified to produce products for the railroad and other industries. It has been granted the required certifications including holding an AAR M1002 Class D Registration and AAR M1003 Quality Assurance System Certification for its production facilities from the Association of American Railroads.AAR.

ASCS subcontractedKXI production operations are located in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.  The Company has ais currently producing two KXI equipped production goalprototypes that will form the foundation of up to 360 vehicles per year onceour pilot production program.  Production drawings and tooling is completewill be completed and supply chains can be established. 

Location to supply chains and customers is a critical factor in the Company's production strategy in order to reduce distribution costs of inbound components and shipping costs associated with outgoing finished products. Bonham, Texas is within approximately 250 miles of the Company's main customers. The Company controls assembly, testing, certification and shipping processes for the Company's products. Production output can be scaled upwards when required with minimal investment.

The Company's policy is that all parts and workforce must be sourced in the United States or Canada when possible. The Company utilizes assembly production techniques to produce finished products. The Company believes that fabricated components of the Company's products are being sourced from expert certified suppliers because AAR regulations require the Company to certify that each major supplier meets the Company's QA requirements which are driven by M-1002 and M-1003.  This is a matter of record as the Company must have an AAR B1 form on file showing the supplier is approved by the Company. 


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The Company requires that the suppliers have current equipment and that the suppliers' employees have proper training certifications, including certifications for welding.  Having a current AAR Form B1 for each major supplier is an audit item for the Company's M-1003 certification.  Suppliers of major metal components must provide mill certificates per AAR M-1003 for the materials proving they are sourced from US or Canadian suppliers or other locations approved by the Company.  The Company believes that by using certified suppliers, the Company minimizes expensive capital layouts for manufacturing equipment and certified human resource expertise, which in turn reduces the Company's financial risks due to fabrication and casting errors.

Cost control and minimization is paramount to the Company's production strategy as is the plant location relative to customers to reduce distribution costs. The Company believes it has engaged individuals with extensive production expertise with the overall goal of attaining economic, effective and efficient assembly operations. The Company's internal audit requirements require that individuals performing critical operations for component parts must have demonstrated a minimum of five years' experience with similar production procedures.

Marketing

The Company's marketing professionals work directly with users of the Company's products and the businesses that build, retrofit and repair railroad and trucking rolling stock. There are two key market segments for the Company's products. The largest is the rail tank car manufacturers, or OEMs, that produce new tank cars. The other is the railroad retrofit and repair market. Management has established key strategic relationships with the Federal Railroad Administration of the United States ("FRA") and Transport Canada. The Company is a member of the AAR, the Canadian Association of Railway Suppliers and Railway Supply Institute ("RSI").  Management has established key strategic relationships with other influential members of the railroad community including the FRA and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration ("PHMSA"). These key strategic relationships have resulted in the Company coordinating the Company's actions with FRA and working with the FRA to ensure the Company's products meet regulations and provide better technology. The Company believes that it is well connected to the Safety and HAZMAT sections of the Class I railroads, such as BNSF Railway, Union Pacific Railroad, Canadian National Railway, CSX and Canadian Pacific Railway, by virtue of the Company meeting with the Safety and HAZMAT security representatives for the Class I railroads.

The Company has also implemented educational marketing initiatives whereby the Company sends representatives and speakers to industry seminars and trade shows and to customer sponsored training seminars specific to customer locations.

The Company believes that the Company's marketing initiatives deliver a steady flow of new orders from customers. Lead times from order point to delivery date can range from one to 36 months.

Research and Development

A key cornerstone of the Company's ability to sustain business growth lies in the Company's ability to create new commercial products. The Company's research, development and engineering initiatives are conducted through Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.). Kel-Flo Industries Inc. is dedicated to the creation of new patented products that better serve the modern challenges of the domestic and international markets for the transport of non-hazardous and HAZMAT commodities via rail and road. Kel-Flo Industries Inc. works closely with non-hazardous and HAZMAT commodities stakeholders designing products that involve detailed proprietary and engineering knowledge and specific industry adoption criteria. Many of these new products have significant industrial market prospects. They are expectedready to be successfully developed, introduced and adopted commercially over the upcoming years.  Testing and development costs are not material. However, there is no guarantee that such products will have significant market prospects or that they will be successfully developed, introduced and adopted commercially. The Company's pressure relief valve for high-pressure tank cars designed to carry liquefied compressed gas istested in the filing process of mandated AAR regulatory service trials.  The Company's BOV is currentlya 24 vehicle limited pilot production run scheduled in field service trials.  See "Business Overview".2020.


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Specialized Skill and Knowledge

The Company relies on the specialized skills of management, employees and consultants in the areas of product development and assembly, business development and public company management.  In particular, the Company believes that it has engaged individuals with extensive production expertise and railroad industry experience with the overall goal of attaining economic, effective and efficient assembly operations. The Company believes it has engaged individuals with extensive production expertise because the Company's internal hiring standards require that individuals performing critical operations for component parts must have demonstrated a minimum of five years' experience with similar production operations. The Company has a management team with extensive experience managing public companies.  See "Directors, Senior Management and Employees".  The loss of any of these individuals could have an adverse effect on the Company. See "Risk Factors".


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Competitive Conditions

The Company is an innovator in the design and supply of railroad service equipment and uses patented technology to develop proprietary commercial products. As at the date of this filing, the Company's main competitors are Midland Manufacturing, Jamesbury, and Union Tank Car Company. The Company believes the Company's PRV product line has advantages over the competitors' internal and external pressure valve products offered by competitors as described under "Key Products".  ESI Inc., an independent firm based in Aurora, Illinois, which reviewed the Company's OBM against competitive products determined that the Company's OBM was the best available manway in the Company's report dated May 6, 2013 titled "Hazard Analysis Kelso Technologies Klincher® Manway". Competitive products may be forthcoming in the future but could be conditional based on their designs and may have to undergo lengthy service trials and applications to gain regulatory approvals from the AAR. This process could take two to three years to achieve, giving the Company a significant advantage.  The Company holds patent rights to certain of the Company's products and technologies. The Company takes the Company's patent rights seriously and intends to vigorously defend any infringements on the Company's patents.

The ability of the Company to compete for and acquire production contracts for the Company's products in the future will depend on a number of factors, including the Company's ability to continue to offer best availablereliable high quality technology, competitive pricing, timely delivery of purchase orders and strong customer service.

Raw Materials/Components

The Company has three to five suppliers in the United States for each component part of the Company's products, and sources parts directly from these suppliers based on the suppliers' ability to satisfy the purchase order within the specified timeframe. The Company assembles the components at the Company's production facilities in Bonham, Texas to develop the Company's finished products which are then shipped directly to the Company's customers. The parts used to assemble the Company's products are generally available from a variety of suppliers at prices which are within the Company's budget for such parts.  Most materials used to assemble the Company's products are commodity raw materials such as steel and rubber. These materials are subject to price fluctuations which the Company believes have historically been modest based on commodity prices for these materials. As Company does not have any long term contracts with the Company's suppliers, it is able to mitigate the effects of such price fluctuations by adjusting product pricing based on the price of commodity raw materials at the time a purchase order is placed. See "Risk Factors" for a discussion of the risk factors associated with price fluctuation for raw materials.

Intangible Properties

The Company's intangible property, particularly the Company's intellectual property rights, plays an important role in securing the Company's competitive advantage. The Company held the patent for the Company's PRV technology Patent 5,855,225 which expired January 29, 2016.  The Company holds the patents for the Company's PRV Patent No. 9,568,146 B1 issued February 14, 2017 and for the Company's OBM Patent 7,104,722 B2 which expires in 2023 and has a trademark for the Company's Kelso Klincher®One Bolt Manway (Registration Number 4,282,652).  The Company holds the patent for the Company's ceramic BOV Patent 9470320 issued on January 13, 2016. The Company also holds the patent for the Company's VRV, Patent 9,441,749expiring in 2033.  On February 8, 2017the2017 the Company filed a United States provisional patent application and a corresponding Canadian patent application for an Active Suspension Control System and Method for No-Road Vehicles ("ASCS") and continued patent work and international patent applications were filed on February 3, 2018.


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These patents and trademarks are critical to the Company's success as they provide a significant advantage to the Company over the Company's competitors. See "Risk Factors" for a discussion of risk factors relating to the Company's intellectual property and competition.

Seasonality/Cycles

The cyclical nature of the Company's rail business reflects the cyclical nature of the tank car industry.  Historically, uptrend cycles can last up to 3 to 5 years, followed by reduced building activity for 3 to 5 years as inventories of new cars are worked into the fleet.

Economic Dependence

The Company's business is dependent on the Company's ability to create, produce and distribute the Company's unique proprietary products such as the Company's patented pressure relief valves, one-bolt manway, vacuum relief valves and bottom outlet valves.valves and Wilderness Response Transportation Technologies.  See "Material Contracts".

Although the Company is optimistic about the Company's future as a railroad equipment supplier, the Company is dependent upon a limited number of customers for a significant portion of the Company's revenue. The Company does not have any formal agreements for long term, large-scale purchase orders from the Company's existing customers; however, the Company believes that it maintains good relationships with the Company's customers to maintain the Company's status as a preferred supplier of PRV, OBM, VRV and BOV.

The Company currently services all five of the OEM producers of rail tank cars. Purchase orders from these and other customers continue to be submitted to the Company for the Company's products. The Company's purchase orders are subject to the general terms and conditions imposed by the Company. The general terms and conditions provide that all payments from customers are due and payable 30 days from the date of invoice. Orders in process are subject to cancellation charges as determined by the Company.

In an attempt to reduce its economic dependence on a limited number of customers, the Company is introducing new products for sale in the trucking, military and consumer industries, as described elsewhere in this document.

Employees

As at December 31, 2018,2019, the Company had 4045 employees (December 31, 20172018 - 40 employees), including employees of the Company's subsidiaries. The largest group of employees works at the Company's production facilities in Bonham, Texas and the remainder work in British Columbia.

Reorganizations

In April 2010, the Company completed a reorganization of the Company's management team. In connection with this reorganization, in May 2010, the Company completed a consolidation of the Company's Common Shares on the basis of seven old Common Shares for one new Common Share.

Government Regulations

The railroad transportation industry is highly regulated by governments. In both the United States and Canada, governments regulate, among other things, transportation of non-hazardous and HAZMAT commodities as well as rail safety. The primary regulatory body in the United States for the railroad transportation industry is the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Federal Railroad Administration, PHMSA and in Canada it is Transport Canada. The Company endeavours to develop all of the Company's products and operate the Company's business in compliance with all applicable government regulations and testing requirements. The Company certifies the Company's products on an ongoing basis in accordance with AAR guidelines and government regulations. 


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C. Organizational Structure

The Company has fourfive wholly-owned subsidiaries, Kelso Technologies (U.S.A.) Inc., KIQ Industries Inc., Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.) and KIQ X Industries Inc. Subsequent to the year-end the Company incorporated KXI Wildertec Industries Inc.  Kelso Technologies Inc. owns 100% of the voting securities of each of the Company's subsidiaries. No subsidiary has a class of restricted securities. See "Information on the Company - History and Development of the Company".

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

The Company currently operates two facilities totalingtotalling 50,000 square feet in Bonham, Texas.  The Company is fully qualified and certified to produce products for the railroad and other industries.  It has been granted the required certifications including holding an AAR M1002 Class D Registration and AAR M1003 Quality Assurance System Certification for its production facilities from the Association of American Railroads.SeeRailroads. See "Business Overview" for additional information regarding the Company's facilities, including a discussion of the productive capacity and extent of utilization of the Company's facilities and products produced.  To the best of the Company's knowledge, there are no environmental issues that may affect the Company's utilization of the Company's assets.

KXI production operations are located in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.  The Company is currently producing two KXI equipped production prototypes that will form the foundation of our pilot production program.  Production drawings and tooling will be completed and ready to be tested in a 24-vehicle limited pilot production run scheduled in 2020.

As at December 31, 2018,2019, the total carrying value for the Company's property, plant and equipment was $3,087,893$3,389,994 (December 31, 2017: $2,991,546)2018: $3,087,893), the breakdown of which is as follows: land - $12,558 (December 31, 2017: $12,588)2018: $12,558), buildings - $2,439,784$2,342,192 (December, 2017: $2,545,864)2018: $2,439,784), leasehold improvements - $8,093$6,474 (December 31, 2017: $10,791)2018: $8,093), production equipment - $288,991$237,642 (December 31, 2017: $385,318), vehicles - $Nil2018: $288,991)  and prototypes $686,336 (December 31, 2017:$37,015) and prototypes $338,467 (December 31, 2017: $Nil)2018: $338,467).

At the time of this filing, the Company has no new plans for further acquisition or construction of new buildings as management feels that the Company's current space will handle all capacity issues in the year.

Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

The following discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 ("Fiscal 2019"), December 31, 2018 ("Fiscal 20182018")"), and December 31, 2017 ("Fiscal 2017") and December 31, 2016 ("Fiscal 2016") should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this annual report in accordance with "Item 8 - Financial Information". The Company's financial statements for Fiscal 2019, Fiscal 2018 and Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016 (collectively, the "Reported Periods") were prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

 

Year ended

December 31 2019

Year ended

December 31 2018

Year ended

December 31 2017

Revenues

$            20,550,682

$            12,716,596

$              6,062,778

Cost of goods sold

$            10,967,803

$              7,429,380

$              5,044,093

Gross profit

$              9,582,879

$              5,287,216

$              1,018,685

Gross profit margin

46.6%

41.6%

16.8%

Expenses including non-cash items

$              6,149,759

$              5,343,927

$             ,6,184,892



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Year ended

December 31 2019

Year ended

December 31 2018

Year ended

December 31 2017

Deferred income tax expense (recovery)

$                             -

$                             -

$                  (172,433)

Income tax expense (recovery)

$                   99,077

$              (251,164)

$                      22,137

Net income (Loss) for the year

$              3,334,043

$                 194,453

$              (5,015,911)

Number of common shares outstanding

47,170,086

47,170,086

46,911,752

Basic earnings (Loss) per common share

$                       0.07

$                       0.00

$                       (0.11)

EBITDA(Loss)

$              4,233,339

$              1,017,153

$              (4,608,683)

Cash

$              4,418,236

$              1,246,244

$                   411,223

Working capital

$              7,937,873

$              4,469,882

$                3,628,911

Total assets

$            13,731,571

$              9,944,990

$                9,165,199

Shareholders' equity

$            11,845,275

$              8,165,734

$                7,565,233

Dividends paid per share

$                       0.00

$                      0.00

$                         0.00

Revenues have been: Fiscal 2016 $8,077,143, Fiscal 2017 $6,062,778 and Fiscal 2018 $12,716,596. At the same time the gross profit margins have been: 24.5% for Fiscal 2016, 16.8% for Fiscal 2017 and 41.6% for Fiscal 2018. Revenue for 20182019 rose due to increased demand for crude oil tank cars due to the rebound in crude oil prices. At the same time our gross margin increased to 41.6% due to the use of components previously written down and management procuring better terms from suppliers.  Revenues for Fiscal 2016 and 2017 decreased due to a significant drop in oil prices which in turn lessened demand for crude oil tank cars. The deep recession in rail tank car productionservice equipment for applications in chemicals, petrochemicals, food and crude oil. Throughout 2019 Kelso continued to battertake successful measures to improve positive cash flows from operations.  We began to see the correction of several years of weak financial results throughout 2017 andperformance in 2018 operations saw a reversaland the turnaround of the 2017 trend and demand for Kelso products has risen steadily throughout 2018.sales momentum was very apparent in 2019.  The profit margin continued to declineuptrend in Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2017 due tocapital spending in the rail market being very slow and competitivetruck hazmat marketplace fuelled our positive performance in 2019.

From 2017 through 2019 our strategic plan has been focused on re-branding Kelso as a reliable American made supplier of high-quality performance equipment for the Companyrail tank car industry.  This was requiredan imperative strategic goal as management believed that it was essential to adjust selling prices to attract business.  In addition, in 2017 the Company wrote-off $470,654achieve a healthy turnaround of obsolete inventory to cost of goods sold. Without that write-off the gross profit margin for 2017 wouldour future financial performance after a dismal 2017. 

We have been 24.6%.able to stabilize our business environment, cut costs and eliminate an inefficient marketing workforce.  Under these initiatives we have experienced improved sales growth with better contribution margins providing a steady improvement of our available capital reserves.  This turn of events has allowed us to continue to pursue our ambitions to develop new business opportunities, sales growth and new products requiring regulatory certifications.

Although many operational and human resource expenses have been reduced over the past three years, our capital management remains challenging.  However, recent improvements in cash flows from sales growth that started in 2018 and continued in 2019 have been more than adequate to fund our ongoing business activities. The Company currently operates without the need for immediate access to new equity capital or new credit facilities.  The Company's administrative costsgoal is to avoid dilutive equity funding activities and to remain free of interest-bearing long-term debt.

Throughout the last three years, we have been able to stabilize Kelso with new business processes, new personnel, dramatic changes to our corporate culture and the successful introduction of a more effective and economic approach to customer service, marketing and sales.  Our key objectives to achieve balanced growth of profitability through revenue streams from a more diverse portfolio of products were $431,336 per month for Fiscal 2016, declined to $450,855 per month for Fiscal 2017achieved in 2018 and $380,549 for Fiscal 2018 (excluding share-based expenses and bad debts). Administrative costs have declined significantly between 2017 and 2018 due to management's efforts to conserve capital having experienced the down markets of 2017 and 2016.2019.


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See "Item 17 - Financial Statements" and the notes to the financial statements enclosed herewith for a discussion of the significant accounting policies and significant estimates and judgments required to be made by management.

A. Operating Results

The financial results forYear Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to the Reported Periods are indicative of an industrial railroad equipment supply company showingYear Ended December 31, 2018

For Fiscal 2019, the effects of a volatile railroad industry. The growth and declines in revenues, corresponding expenses and resulting earnings and losses reflect the Company's progress in the execution of the Company's business plans in an extremely cyclical and recessionary rail industry. There was a steadyCompany reported growth of net income to $3,334,043 ($0.07 per share) against revenues of $20,550,682 compared to a net income of $194,453 ($0.00 per share) against revenues of $12,716,596 for Fiscal 2018.

Gross profit margin grew to $9,582,879 (47% of revenues) for Fiscal 2019 compared to $5,287,216 (42% of revenues) for Fiscal 2018. Gross profits reflect our new business processes, production volume, new human resources, changes to our corporate culture and our improved approach to customer service, marketing and sales of the Company's productsprocesses.


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Total operational expenses rose to the OEM segment of the rail tank industry that began in April 2012. That growth period peaked in$6,087,357 during Fiscal 2014 and the past three fiscal years (2017, 2016 and 2015) experienced a decline in operational results2019 which were in line with recessionmanagement's expectations to facilitate the current rail business growth and the business development of our wholly owned subsidiary KIQ X Industries compared to $4,955,448 for Fiscal 2018.

Factors in the rail industry.reported income for Fiscal 2018 results indicate that2019 include expenses related to ongoing marketing initiatives in the rail tank industry has made a positive turn. Financial results reflect theamount of $288,893 (2018 - $266,152) and related travel costs and investments associated withof $197,293 (2018 - $159,800). These expenses are related to ongoing product development and the expansion of the Company's production capacity (including equipment, lease costs, training and qualifying human resources) in advance of higher profitable sales levels. The strategic planmarketing programs for commercialization has also required the Company to make ongoing investments in production infrastructure; industrial engineering and testing; railroad regulatory filings; liability insurance;existing and new market initiatives. Theproducts entries. Our new customer service and marketing initiatives and sales processes have proven to be more effective and economically beneficial compared to past years.  These changes contributed to a 62% increase in sales volume with above average gross margin returns.

A key component of our future business growth is the research, design, testing and qualification of new products. During Fiscal 2019 our industrial product design and development costs were $1,129,007 (2018 - $1,352,817). In addition to our ongoing rail equipment R&D the majority of these expenses relates to design and continuing testing of our KXI wilderness response technologies and includes the development expenses of production infrastructure to convert multiple vehicles for customers. New product developments are necessary to provide diverse opportunities for Kelso to grow its future revenues from new markets and diminish the financial affects of a historically cyclical rail tank car market.

Management continues to expand its rail operations and its new subsidiary KIQ X Industries featuring our KXI product development that is focused on the generation of new diverse business growth. This is reflected in our investments in human resources, marketing, sales and production operations for Fiscal 2019. The Company recorded office and administrative costs of $2,219,711 (2018 - $1,667,646), management compensation was $1,037,586 (2018 - $610,570). Management compensation includes an accrual for contractual management performance bonuses for the year ended December 31, 2019 of $496,894 (2018 - $70,035).  Management bonuses are written offaccrued by quarter and are paid based upon the audited year end balance not later than May 15 of the year following. In addition, the Company implemented a key employee bonus plan which amounted to $280,900 for Fiscal 2019. This amount is to be paid not later than April 15,2020. Consulting and filing fees were $386,661 (2018 - $196,823) while investor relations remained unchanged at $84,000 (2018 - $84,000).

Accounting, audit and legal fees are cost components of our corporate development strategies and the required administration functions of a publicly listed industrial company listed on two stock exchanges.  Costs for these professional audit and legal services were $321,945 for Fiscal 2019 (2018 - $194,282).  This includes ongoing US tax and audit requirements. Other legal costs relate to patent applications, public company administration including reorganization costs, the preparation and filing of press releases, documentation and reviewing possible acquisition targets and new business arrangements.  Also included are the costs of complying with the rules and regulations of both the Toronto Stock Exchange and NYSE American Exchange including the complexities of regulatory documentation and Annual Information Form (AIF) and Securities Exchange Commission documentation (Form 20-F and Form S-8).

The Company's functional currency is US dollars but Kelso also holds various assets in Canadian dollars. The Canadian dollar has remained volatile in value against the US dollar therefore we have recorded an unrealized foreign exchange loss of $27,698 for Fiscal 2019. Net income and comprehensive income for Fiscal 2019 was $3,334,043 after deducting non-cash items. In accordance with IFRS, reported income includes items not involving cash. These include amortization of $384,827, share-based expense ("Black-Scholes") in the period when they occuramount of $345,498; write off of inventory of $62,402 and reflect in the reported profitabilitya bad debt recovery of the$20,206.

The Company in the period in which they were incurred.

During the Reporting Periods,has recorded revenues and profits were correlated with the demand from the crude oil sector.an income tax expense of $99,077 for Fiscal 2016 saw the beginning of a decline in revenues2019 compared to $8,077,143 which continued into Fiscal 2017 where revenues declined to $6,062,778.  Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2017 saw a steady decline in orders from crude oil producers for the Company's PRV, however, the Company believes that this decreased demand would not continue in 2018. Revenue for 2018 reached $12,716,596. Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2017 saw margins decline to 24.5% and 16.8%, respectively, as the Company encountered issues with competitor's pricing as well as a sector with lower demand than prior years due to a slowdown in the oil sector. Also 2017 saw a write-off of obsolete inventory that lowered the margin by 7.8%. PRVs for the crude oil sector yield a greater margin than those valves sold to other sectors. The Company's margin increased to 41.6% for 2018 due to the use of previously written down components and better terms from suppliers.  The Company's administrative costs have declined due to the necessity of conserving capital. In Fiscal 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company's monthly overhead costs were approximately $431,336, $450,855 and $380,549, respectively. The Company's netan income or loss is a result of the previous factors.  In Fiscal 2018 the Company recorded a net tax recovery of $251,164 and fiscal 2017 recorded a net recovery of $150,296.  Forfor Fiscal 2018 the Company recorded write-offs of assets of $388,479 as compared to fiscal 2017 where write-offs of $227,330 for assets was recorded. No write-offs of assets were recorded in fiscal 2016. The Company recorded a profit of $194,453 for fiscal 2018; a loss of $5,015,911 for fiscal 2017 and a loss of $2,465,592 for fiscal 2016.

Management cautions that the infrastructure of the railroad industry poses many challenges to the development and adoption of the Company's products. Economic and regulatory uncertainty could have a material effect on the Company's current or future business including financial condition and results of operations. The Company is still in the early stages of implementing the Company's commercial business plan hence there are financial risks inherent in the Company's business plans. This includes a lack of assurance that a profitable market for the Company's industrial products will continue to develop. Other risk factors may include the adverse effects of raw material costs; competition; and environmental and regulatory issues if government regulations change in the future. See "Risk Factors".2018.

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2017

For Fiscal 2018, the Company reported net income of $194,453 ($0.00 per share) against revenue of $12,716,596 compared to a net loss of $5,015,911 ($0.11 per share) against revenue of $6,062,778 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company's gross profit percentage increased to 41.6% from 16.8% in 2017. The increase in gross profit percentage is mainly due to operating efficiency improvements. Also, in 2017 an inventory write-off of $470,654 was recorded which depressed the margin.  Excluding this write-off, the margin would have been 24.6% for 2017. Net income and comprehensive income for Fiscal 2018 was $194,453 after deducting non-cash items. In accordance with IFRS, reported income includes items not involving cash. These include amortization of $277,580, share-based expense ("Black-Scholes") of $403,548 and net income tax recovery of $251,164.


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Factors in the reported income for Fiscal 2018 include expenses of $1,667,646 (Fiscal 2017 - $1,701,723) related to office and administration costs mainly in Bonham, Texas; and on-going industrial product design and development costs of $1,352,817 (Fiscal 2017 - $1,572,714). The Company currently has 3 members in the engineering department. 2018 product design and development costs were significant due to the ongoing development of the Company's Active Suspension Control System.

Other key costs include production infrastructure; human resource education; and marketing related expenses for products that have not yet seen sales results. For Fiscal 2018 salaries and benefits increased slightly to $508,009 (Fiscal 2017 - $477,104). The Company employs 7 administrative people in this area which remains consistent with the prior year. Executive management contract fees have increased to $610,570 (Fiscal 2017 - $544,014).  In Fiscal 2018 a bonus was accrued of $70,035 and in 2017 there was no executive bonus paid. The Company's consulting fees have declined to $196,823 (Fiscal 2017 - $251,055).  During Fiscal 2017 the Company retained two administrative support persons and one web-site/communications consultant. Transfer agent and filing fees which declined due to the Company not listing on any new exchanges during the year.  Investor relations fees of $84,000 remained the same in Fiscal 2018 and 2017.

Business growth expenses included marketing costs of $266,152 (Fiscal 2017 - $554,458) and related travel costs of $159,800 (Fiscal 2017 - $430,304).  The Company's marketing efforts continue in an attempt to keep the Company's products at the forefront of the industry. The Company is taking a much more focused approach to the marketing function and has seen better results as well as reduced costs. For Fiscal 2018 the Company employed four full time marketing people which was one more than 2017.  Compensation packages continued to be more heavily composed of incentive targets as opposed to higher base salaries.

Share-based expenses were incurred due to the granting of share purchase options during Fiscal 2018, Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, which vest over time.  Share-based expenses for Fiscal 2018 were $403,548 compared to $469,187 during Fiscal 2017.

Accounting, audit and legal fees are a key cost component in the access to capital resources and administration functions of a publicly listed industrial company. Costs for these professional services were $194,282 for Fiscal 2018 (Fiscal 2017 - $370,495).

The Company's products are used for the safe management of hazardous materials and require product liability insurance. Premiums are established by the number units of the Company's products being used in the transport industry. As the Company's business grows so will the insurance costs. Total insurance costs for product liability, general commercial and health insurance for Fiscal 2018 were $508,460 (Fiscal 2017 - $352,388). Product liability insurance rose in 2018 due to higher revenue results.

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2016

For Fiscal 2017, the Company reported net loss of $5,015,911 ($0.11 per share) against revenue of $6,062,778 compared to a net loss of $2,465,592 ($0.05 per share) against revenue of $8,077,143 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The gross profit margin decreased to 16.8% from 24.5% in 2016. The decline in gross profit percentage is mainly due to an inventory write-off of $470,654 in 2017.  Excluding this write-off the margin would have been 24.6% for 2017. Net loss and comprehensive loss for Fiscal 2017 was $5,015,911 after deducting non-cash working capital items. In accordance with IFRS, reported income includes items not involving cash. These include amortization of $203,980, share-based expense ("Black-Scholes") of $469,187 and net income tax recovery of $150,296.

Factors in the reported income for Fiscal 2017 include expenses of $1,701,723 (Fiscal 2016 - $2,076,460) related to office and administration costs mainly in Bonham, Texas; and on-going industrial product design and development costs of $1,572,714 (Fiscal 2016 - $704,868). The Company currently has 3 members in the engineering department. 2017 product design and development costs rose significantly in 2017 due to the development of the Company's Active Suspension Control System.


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Other key costs include production infrastructure; human resource education; and marketing related expenses for products that have not yet seen sales results. For Fiscal 2017 salaries and benefits decreased slightly to $477,104 (Fiscal 2016 - $492,732). The Company employs 7 administrative people in this area which remains consistent with the prior year. Executive management contract fees have decreased to $544,014 (Fiscal 2016 - $717,369).  In Fiscal 2017 and 2016 there was no executive bonus paid. The Company's consulting fees have risen marginally to $251,055 (Fiscal 2016 - $246,501).  During Fiscal 2017 the Company retained two administrative support persons and one web-site/communications consultant. Transfer agent and filing fees which declined due to the Company not listing on any new exchanges during the year.  Investor relations fees of $84,000 remained the same in Fiscal 2017 and 2016.

Business growth expenses included marketing costs of $554,458 (Fiscal 2016 - $587,553) and related travel costs of $430,304 (Fiscal 2016 - $526,451).  The Company's marketing efforts continue in an attempt to keep the Company's products at the forefront of the industry.  For Fiscal 2017 the Company employed three full time marketing people which is half of Fiscal 2016. Salaries were restructured for 2016 and remained constant during 2017.  Compensation packages continued to be more heavily composed of incentive targets as opposed to higher base salaries. Travel costs have declined due to fewer people in the marketing function.

Share-based expenses were incurred due to the granting of share purchase options during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015, which vest over time. Share-based expenses for Fiscal 2017 were $469,187 compared to $285,745 during Fiscal 2016.

Accounting, audit and legal fees are a key cost component in the access to capital resources and administration functions of a publicly listed industrial company. Costs for these professional services were $370,495 for Fiscal 2017 (Fiscal 2016 - $357,876).

The Company's products are used for the safe management of hazardous materials and require product liability insurance. Premiums are established by the number units of the Company's products being used in the transport industry. As the Company's business grows so will the insurance costs. Total insurance costs for product liability, general commercial and health insurance for Fiscal 2017 were $352,388 (Fiscal 2016 - $570,102).

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's primary source of revenue to date is from new rail tank car builders and retrofit/repair customers. The Company is optimistic that the demand for the Company's rail tank car products will eventually improve in future periods. Rail industry analysts are predicting consistent production of over 20,000 tank cars annually for the next two years.  Management expects that the Company's capital resources may grow and diminish overin line with the short term until revenues from both oldhistoric up and new products begin to improve in future periods.

down economic cycles of the railroad industry.  As at the end of Fiscal 20182019 there were no material commitments for capital expenditures.

The Company plans to generate the necessary capital resources to finance operations by way of the sales of the Company's products and the exercise incentive stock options. Duringproducts. In Fiscal 2018, 8,334 share purchase options were exercised at a price of US$0.30/share. No share purchase options were exercised in 2019.  If the Company is unsuccessful in generating adequate capital resources from one or more of the anticipated sources and is unable to replace any shortfall with capital resources from another source, the Company may not be able to meet the Company's future financial obligations and the Company's operations may be adversely affected.

Management takes all necessary precautions to minimize risks however additional risks could affect the future performance of the Company. They include that the Company's products are new entries to the railroad industry and involve detailed proprietary and engineering knowledge and specific customer adoption criteria, hence factors that could cause actual financial results to be materially different include that the Company may be unsuccessful in raising any additional capital needs that may arise; the Company may not have sufficient capital to develop, produce and deliver new orders; product development may face unexpected delays; orders that are placed may be cancelled; product may not perform as well as expected; markets may not develop as quickly as anticipated or at all; or that the construction or other plans for plants run into permit, labor or other problems.  See "Risk Factors".


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In the past, the Company has raised funds through private placement equity financings and through the exercise of options and warrants.  Currently, the Company relies primarily on revenues generated through operations.  Although the Company has been successful in raising funds and funding itself in the past, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to do so in the future.

December 31, 2019 Compared to December 31, 2018

At December 31, 2019 the Company had cash on deposit in the amount of $4,418,236, accounts receivable of $1,824,563, prepaid expenses of $96,627 and inventory of $3,394,192 compared to cash on deposit in the amount of $1,246,244, accounts receivable of $1,224,235, prepaid expenses of $110,258 and inventory of $3,668,401 at December 31, 2018.

The Company has accrued income tax payable of $71,341 for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to an income tax payable of $466,739 at December 31, 2018.

The working capital position of the Company at December 31, 2019 was $7,937,873 compared to $4,469,882 at December 31, 2018. The majority of accounts receivable are collected within 30 days from invoicing shipments giving Kelso $1,824,563 of additional cash flow plus $4,418,236 of available cash to discharge accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $1,795,745 on a timely basis subsequent to December 31, 2019.  Income taxes payable are due mid 2020.

Net assets of the Company improved to $11,845,275 at December 31, 2019 compared to $8,165,734 at December 31, 2018.  The Company had no interest-bearing long-term liabilities or debt at December 31, 2019.

December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017

At December 31, 2018 the Company had cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $1,246,244; accounts receivable of $1,224,235; prepaid expenses of $110,258 and inventory of $3,668,401 compared to cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $411,223; accounts receivable of $653,445; prepaid expenses of $183,966 and inventory of $3,980,243 at December 31, 2017.

The working capital position of the Company at December 31, 2018 was $4,469,882 compared to a working capital position of $3,628,911 as at December 31, 2017.

Net assets of the Company were $8,165,734 at December 31, 2018 compared to $7,565,233 at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2018, the Company had no interest bearing long-term liabilities or debt.

December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016

At December 31, 2017 the Company had cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $411,223; accounts receivable of $653,445; prepaid expenses of $183,966 and inventory of $3,980,243 compared to cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $2,312,279; accounts receivable of $637,845; prepaid expenses of $708,100; income tax receivable of $753,223and inventory of $5,206,129 at December 31, 2016.

The working capital position of the Company at December 31, 2017 was $3,628,911 compared to a working capital position of $8,511,809 December 31, 2016.

Net assets of the Company were $7,565,233 at December 31, 2017 compared to $11,771,944 at December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2017, the Company had no interest bearing long-term liabilities or debt.

December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015

At December 31, 2016 the Company had cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $2,312,279; accounts receivable of $637,845; prepaid expenses of $708,100; income tax receivable of $753,223 and inventory of $5,206,129 compared to cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $3,175,292; accounts receivable of $1,706,488; prepaid expenses of $1,103,498; and inventory of $5,981,919 at December 31, 2015.

The working capital position of the Company at December 31, 2016 was $8,511,809 compared to a working capital position of $10,099,390 at December 31, 2015.

Net assets of the Company were $11,711,944 at December 31, 2016 compared to $16,157,689 at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2016, the Company had no interest bearinginterest-bearing long-term liabilities or debt.

C. Research, and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

A cornerstone of the Company's ability to initiate business growth lies in the Company's ability to create new commercial products and continue innovation of existing products. The Company's research, development and engineering initiatives are dedicated to the creation of patented products that better serve the modern challenges of the domestic and international markets for the transport of non-hazardous and HAZMAT commodities via rail and road-no-road rugged terrain suspension technologies. The Company works closely with stakeholders designing products that involve detailed proprietary and engineering knowledge and specific industry adoption criteria. Many of these new products have significant industrial market prospects. They are expected to be successfully developed, introduced and adopted commercially over the upcoming years. See "Business Overview", "Intangible Properties", "Economic Dependence" and "Risk Factors" above for a discussion of the Company's patents and licenses.


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The Company has spent the following amounts on research in recentlast three years: $1,129,007 in Fiscal 2019; $1,352,817 during Fiscal 2018; and $1,572,714 during Fiscal 2017 and $704,868 during Fiscal 2016.2017. The majority of these expenditures have been incurred designing and developing the ASCS wilderness suspension technologies in 20172019, 2018 and 2018.2017.


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D.Trend Information

In 2016 the Company managed the Company's business development strategies in the worst rail tank car market since 2010.  HAZMAT businesses have cut back on production which has led to lower demand for rail tank cars.  There are many reasons for this trend which include political climate, regulatory uncertainty, low commodity prices and diminishing capital investment activity.

Affecting the Company's future business outlook is the impact of mandatory new regulations for HAZMAT tank cars.  On May 1, 2015 Transport Canada ("TC") and the Department of Transportation ("DOT") of the United States put forth their much anticipated design specifications for the new DOT-117 rail tank cars to be used in the transportation of flammable liquids by rail.  The final rules were developed by the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration ("PHMSA") and the Federal Railroad Administration ("FRA"). 

The new rules establish a minimum threshold for existing DOT-111 and DOT-117 rail cars transporting dangerous goods including petroleum crude oil and ethanol and other flammable commodities in North America.  The primary theme of the new regulations is improving the survivability of a tank car in an accident and the adoption and use of the best available safety technologies ("BAST") for the rail transport of hazardous materials. 

Originally scheduled for January 2015 the delayed PHMSA regulations have proven problematic to the owners of rail tank cars.  After much analysis the retrofit option for most owners is cost prohibitive and makes no financial sense.  It appears that there may be a new build boom forming on the horizon as the majority of existing DOT-111 tank cars will most likely be re-purposed or scrapped in favor of new tank cars.  Compliance with the new DOT-117 regulations had to be completed in early 2018 for crude tank cars and 2023 for ethanol tank cars, a situation that may be good for the long-term performance of the Company.

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the Company's financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resource that is material to investors.

F.E. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The Company does not have any contractual obligations as of December 31, 20182019 relating to long-term debt obligations, capital (finance) lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities reflected on the Company's latest statement of financial conditionposition as at December 31, 2018.2019. The Company has lease obligations for warehouse space in Kelowna, British Columbia as well as for vehicles used in the development of prototypes. Under IFRS these leases are recorded on the Company's statement of financial position.

Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

A. Directors and Senior Management

The following information sets forth the name, office held, age, and functions and areas of experience in the Company of each of the Company's directors, senior management, and certain significant employees:

Name

Position(s) Held with Company

Principal Business Activities and Other Principal Directorships

James R. Bond

 

Director

President and CEO

President of Bondwest Enterprises Inc. a private company specializing in public company management, corporate finance, entrepreneurial management and business development since 1988. Director of SIQ Mountain Industries Inc. (SIQ: TSXV).

Richard Lee

 

CFO

Self-employed businessman. CFO of the Company since April 8, 2010 and self-employed businessman.2010.  CFO and Director of SIQ Mountain Industries Inc. (SIQ: TSXV) and CFO of Happy Creek Minerals Inc. (HPY:TSXV)



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Name

Position(s) Held with Company

Principal Business Activities and Other Principal Directorships,

Peter Hughes

 

Director

Compensation Committee Member

 

Self-employed businessman. President and CEO of SIQ Mountain Industries Inc. (SIQ: TSXV); Director of BroomeYuntone Capital Inc. (BCP:Corp. (YTC.H: TSXV), CEO and Director of Gourmet Ocean Products Inc. (GOP:TSXV) and a Director of Naturally Splendid Enterprises Ltd. (NSP:Navion Capital Inc. (NAVN.P: TSXV).

Tony Andrukaitis

 

Director

Executive Vice President Business Development, COO

Independent Business Consultant; Chief Operations Officer of Trinity Rail and President of Trinity Tank Car, Inc. (holding company providing products and services to industrial, energy, transportation, and construction sectors) from July 2004 to March 2009.President and CEO, Kelso Technologies (USA) Inc. from August 3, 2016 to present; President and CEO Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.) from February 2, 2017 to present.

Phil Dyer

Director

Audit Committee Member

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Member

Businessman.  Legacy Texas Bank Plano, Texas from November 1996 to February, 2016 including the position of President from December 2000 to December of 2014.  Former mayor of Plano, TX, having served from 2009 to 2013.Consultant.

Paul Cass

Director

Audit Committee Member

Compensation Committee Member

Self-Employed Businessman. Former Chief Operating Officer at Whitewater West Industries.

Laura Roach

Director

Compensation Committee Member

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Member

PartnerAttorney and partner at Albin Roach, athe national law firm McCathern Law located in Collin County, Texas since 2000 and President of an internet based attorney referral business named divorce in peace.Frisco, Texas.

Jesse V. Crews

Director

Audit Committee Member

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Member

Chief Investment Officer of Trinity Industries Leasing Company.

 

Frank Busch (1)

Director

Audit Committee Member Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Member

Chief Executive Officer of NationFUND Access Capital Corporation


(1) On February 11, 2020 Mr. Phil Dyer resigned as a director of the Company and Mr. Frank Busch was appointed to the Board and a member of the Audit Committee in his place.  Mr. Busch is an independent director.

James R. Bond (65(66 years) - President, CEO and Director


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Mr. Bond has been a director and acted as President and CEO of the Company since April 7, 2010Mr. Bond is the President of Bondwest Enterprises Inc., a Canadian company established in 1988 that specializes in corporate architecture, financial networking, entrepreneurial management, strategic business development and distress turnarounds. Over the past 36 years he has served in advisory, consulting, executive management, director and corporate officer roles in numerous private and public companies conducting business in the technology, manufacturing and processing industries. Mr. Bond currently serves as a Director on SIQ Mountain Industries Inc, a company listed on the TSXV;

Richard Lee (63(64 years) - CFO

Mr. Lee has been the Company's CFO since April 8, 2010.  Mr. Lee is a graduate of the University of British Columbia with a Bachelor'sBachelors' degree in Commerce. In addition, he is a Chartered Professional Accountant, Certified Management Accountant having obtained his designation in 1991. Mr. Lee spent more than 27 years working for public accounting firms or for companies that trade on recognized stock exchanges. He has gained a wealth of experience in corporate finance, acquisitions and accounting while working with and for listed public companies trading in Canada as well as registered with the SEC in the United States.  Mr. Lee serves as CFO and a Director of SIQ Mountain Industries Inc, a company listed on the TSXV; as well as CFO of Happy Creek Minerals Inc., a company listed on the TSXV. Mr. Lee was also a Director of Invictus MD Strategies Corp. from June 4, 2019 to February 25, 2020.


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Peter Hughes (57(58 years) - Lead Director

Mr. Hughes has been a director of the Company since October 4, 2010 and is a member of the Company's Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee. Mr. Hughes has 35 years' business experience including senior-level executive and director positions in both private and public companies specializing in pharmaceuticals, alternative energy, mining, aquaculture and sports technology. Mr. Hughes is a graduate of the University of British Columbia with a Bachelor'sBachelors' degree in Science, Canadian Securities Course and Director's and Officer's Course. Mr. Hughes currently serves as a directorPresident and CEO of BroomeSIQ Mountain Industries Inc., Director of Yuntone Capital Inc.Corp., a company listed on the TSXV; as Chief Executive OfficerCEO and a directorDirector of Gourmet Ocean Products Inc., (GOP:TSXV) and a company listedDirector of Navion Capital Inc. all of which are on the NEX Exchange, as a director of Naturally Splendid Enterprises Ltd., a company listed on the TSXV.

Tony Andrukaitis (64(66 years) - Director, Executive Vice-President Business Development and COO

Mr. Andrukaitis has been a director of the Company since August 24, 2011 and was appointed COO on March 1, 2016.  Mr. Andrukaitis was a member of the Audit Committee until January 2, 2015 when he was appointed Executive Vice President Business Development.  Mr. Andrukaitis holds the position of President and CEO of Kelso Technologies (USA) Inc. since August 3, 2016 and President and CEO of Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.) (engineering industrial designs and distribution plans for patented OBM) since February 2, 2017.  Mr. Andrukaitis has over 26 years of senior corporate management experience in finance, accounting, strategic planning, business development and turn-around activities. He was the Chief Operations Officer of Trinity Rail and former President of Trinity Tank Car, Inc., both subsidiaries of Trinity Industries of Dallas, Texas. Prior to that, he was the President and CEO of GATX Terminals Corporation of Chicago, IL. Mr. Andrukaitis is a CPA and holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from the University of Illinois and Master of Business Administration degree from DePaul University.

Phil Dyer (67 years) - Director

Mr. Dyer has been a director of the Company since January 2, 2015 and is a member of the Audit Committee.  Mr. Dyer was employed by Legacy Texas Bank, Plano, Texas from November 1996 to February 2016, including the holding position of President from December 2000 to December 2014.  Mr. Dyer is also the former mayor of Plano, Texas having served from 2009 to 2013.  Mr. Dyer holds a Bachelor's degree from the University of Texas and an MBA from East Texas State University.

Paul Cass (62(63 years) - Director

Mr. Cass has been a director of the Company since 2016 and is a member of the Audit Committee.  Mr. Cass was formerly COO of Whitewater West Industries, a privately held design/manufacturing firm specializing in waterpark and amusement park equipment installations around the world.  Previously Mr. Cass was COO at Ballard Power Systems Ltd., a public company specializing in the development and manufacture of fuel cell technology for automotive and non-automotive markets.  Mr. Cass is a registered Professional Engineer in British Columbia and he also holds an MBA from Simon Fraser University.

Laura Roach (46(48 years) - Director

Ms. Roach is a partner at Albin Roach, athe national law firm McCathern Law located in Collin County, Texas. Ms. Roach's practice consists of both litigation mattersFrisco, Texas, where she is a civil and mediation. Her clients range from large business to individuals. She has the role of operational leader at thefamily law firm.attorney primarily focused on mediation, divorce and civil litigation. Ms. Roach is also an entrepreneur, founding and running a referral and marketing business. Ms. Roach has been recognized many times for the qualityas one of her legal practice, including being named one ofD Magazine's Best Lawyers in Texas and Texas Monthly magazine's super lawyersSuper Lawyers every year since 2013, being named as2013. Ms. Roach has received the highest ranking in Legal and Ethical standards by Martindale Hubbell.  Ms. Roach earned a top attorney in D Magazine every year since 2013,Juris Doctor from St. Mary's University School of Law and onea BSc from the University of the top 21 to lead Collin County into the 21st Century by Inside Collin County Business, among other recognitions.Arizona.


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Jesse V. Crews (66(67 years) - Director

Mr. Crews is the Chief Investment Officer of Trinity Industries Leasing Company, which he joined in 2011, which includes accountability for the leasing company's long-term portfolio investment strategy, wide-ranging capital market activities, as well as major transaction initiatives. 


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From 2009 to 2011, he served as the Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President of Willis Lease Finance Corp.  From 2004 to 2009, he served as a Managing Director for Fortress Investment Group.  Previously, he served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of GATX Financial Corporation (formerly GATX Capital Corporation).  Mr. Crews joined GATX in 1977 as a Financial Analyst and held a progression of positions through 2002, including Manager in Singapore, Regional Manager in New Orleans/Houston, head of New Business Development in their San Francisco main office, head of Corporate Finance, Chief Investment Officer, and culminated in his election as Chief Executive Officer in 1998.

Mr. Crews is a member "Emeritus" of the Board of Trustees for the Darden Graduate School of Business at the University of Virginia.  He earned a MastersMasters' in Business Administration from the University of Virginia and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Yale University.

Frank Busch (41 years) - Director

Mr. Busch's expertise is finance, business development and indigenous relations as Director of Community Engagement with the First Nations Finance Authority in Canada.  Mr. Busch received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Manitoba and has completed five specialized financial certificates from the Canadian Securities Institute and a post-graduate Certificate in Finance from Harvard University in preparation for entering the Masters of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Field: Finance at Harvard. Mr. Busch is an expert in the field of Indigenous Engagement and Relations and has spoken publically, published articles and advised companies and organizations of all sizes on the subject.  Mr. Busch was appointed to the Board of Directors on February 11, 2020.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships between any of the Company's directors and senior management listed above.

B. Compensation

During Fiscal 2018,2019, the Company's directors and members of the Company's administrative, supervisory or management bodies received compensation for services, as follows:

Name and Principal Position

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019

Salary
($)

 

Option-based Awards
($)

All other compensation
($)

Total compensation ($)

James R. Bond
Director, President and CEO

$180,000

$40,554

N/A

$220,554

Richard Lee
CFO

$180,000

$40,554

N/A

$220,554

Peter Hughes
Director

N/A

$20,277

$39,750

$60,027

Tony Andrukaitis
Director, Executive Vice President Business Development and COO

$180,000

$40,554

N/A

$220,554

Phil Dyer

Director

N/A

$27,037

$23,000

$50,037

Paul Cass

Director

N/A

$27,037

$18,000

$45,037



Name and Principal Position

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018

Salary
($)

Option-based Awards
($)

All other compensation
($)

Total compensation ($)

James R. Bond
Director, President and CEO

$180,000

32,794

23,345

236,139

Richard Lee
CFO

$180,000

32,794

23,345

236,139

Peter Hughes
Director

N/A

16,397

30,000

46,397

Tony Andrukaitis
Director, Executive Vice President Business Development and COO

$180,000

32,794

23,345

236,139

Phil Dyer

Director

N/A

32,872

12,000

44,872

Paul Cass

Director

N/A

32,872

12,000

44,872

Laura Roach

Director

N/A

32,872

12,000

44,872

Jesse V. Crews

Director

N/A

48,868

7,000

55,868

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Name and Principal Position

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019

Salary
($)

 

Option-based Awards
($)

All other compensation
($)

Total compensation ($)

Laura Roach

Director

N/A

$27,037

$18,000

$45,037

Jesse V. Crews

Director

N/A

$32,851

$21,750

$54,601

Management Agreements

On January 1, 2017 the Company and Bondwest entered into a Professional Services Agreement which expires on December 31, 2020 (the "CEO PSA").  Under the terms of the CEO PSA Bondwest will receive a base fee of US$15,000 per month for the fiscal year 2017.  The base fee for fiscal 2018 will increase to US$18,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2017 of US$18,000,000.  The base fee for fiscal 2019 will increase to US$21,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2018 of US$24,000,000.  The base fee for fiscal2020 will increase to US$24,000 per month upon achieving sales of US$30,000,000. If at any time during the term of the CEO PSA sales reach US$50,000,000 the base fee will increase to US$24,000 per month. Bondwest is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, capped at 1.5 times the base fee.  The cap would increase to 3x the base fee upon achieving top line sales of US$50,000,000. The performance bonus will be calculated at one-third of 10% of the adjusted income which will be based on the audited annual income adjusted for non-cash items (e.g. stock-based compensation, deferred taxes, unrealized foreign exchange and amortization) and income taxes.  The CEO PSA also includes a severance clause of 24 months base fee for termination or change of control.


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On January 1, 2017 the Company and Kitchener Holdings Corp. ("Kitchener") a private company 100% owned by Mr. Lee entered into a Professional Services Agreement which expires on December 31, 2020 (the "CFO PSA").  Under the terms of the CFO PSA Kitchener will receive a base fee ofUS$15,000 per month for the fiscal year 2017.  The base fee for fiscal 2018 will increase to US$18,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2017 of US$18,000,000.  The base fee for fiscal 2019 will increase to US$21,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2018 of US$24,000,000.  The base fee for fiscal 2020 will increase to US$24,000 per month upon achieving sales of US$30,000,000.  If at any time during the term of the CFO PSA sales reach US$50,000,000 the base fee will increase to US$24,000 per month. Kitchener is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, capped at 1.5 times the base fee.  The cap would increase to 3x the base fee upon achieving top line sales of US$50,000,000. The performance bonus will be calculated at one-third of 10% of the adjusted income which will be based on the audited annual income adjusted for non-cash items (e.g. stock-based compensation, deferred taxes, unrealized foreign exchange and amortization) and income taxes.  The CFO PSA also includes a severance clause of 24 months base salary for termination or change of control.

On January 1, 2017 the Company and Mr. Andrukaitis entered into a Professional Services Agreement which expires on December 31, 2020 (the "COO PSA").  Under the terms of the COO PSA Mr. Andrukaitis will receive a base salary of US$15,000 per month for the fiscal year 2017.  The base salary for fiscal 2018 will increase to US$18,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2017 of US$18,000,000.  The base salary for fiscal 2019 will increase to US$21,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2018 of US$24,000,000.    The base salary for fiscal 2020 will increase to US$24,000 per month upon achieving sales of US$30,000,000.  If at any time during the term of the COO PSA sales reach US$50,000,000 the base salary will increase to US$24,000 per month. Mr. Andrukaitis is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, capped at 1.5 times the base salary.  The cap would increase to 3x the base salary upon achieving top line sales of US$50,000,000. The performance bonus will be calculated at one-third of 10% of the adjusted income which will be based on the audited annual income adjusted for non-cash items (e.g. stock-based compensation, deferred taxes, unrealized foreign exchange and amortization) and income taxes.  The COO PSA also includes a severance clause of 24 months base salary for termination or change of control.

Stock Option Plan

Pursuant to the policies of the TSX, the Company is required to adopt stock option plan prior to granting incentive stock options and, accordingly, the Company has adopted a stock option plan (the "Option Plan"). The purpose of the Option Plan is to ensure that the Company is able to provide an incentive program for directors, officers, employees and persons providing services to the Company (the "Optionee") that provides enough flexibility in the structuring of incentive benefits to allow the Company to remain competitive in the recruitment and maintenance of key personnel.

The maximum aggregate number of common shares that may be reserved for issuance pursuant to the Option Plan shall be a rolling number of common shares equal to 10% of the total issued and outstanding common shares of the Company from time to time.  Any common shares in respect of which previously granted options have been exercised shall not be deducted from the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the Option Plan and shall again be available for grant under the Option Plan.  In addition, the aggregate number of common shares which may be reserved for issuance pursuant to the Option Plan or any other share compensation arrangement (pre-existing or otherwise) to any one participant under the Option Plan within a one-year period shall not exceed 5% of the common shares (on a non-diluted basis) outstanding at the time of the grant.  The maximum number of common shares which may be issued to insiders within any one yearone-year period under the Option Plan or under any other share compensation arrangement taken together shall not exceed 10% of the common shares outstanding from time to time.


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The exercise price of any option granted under the Option Plan is to be determined from time to time by the Board but in any event shall be no lower than the last closing price of the Company's shares before the grant of options.  The Board, or a committee appointed for such purposes, also has the authority under the Option Plan to determine other terms and conditions relating to the grant of options, including any applicable vesting provisions. 


- 36 -

Options issued to any Optionee providing investor relations services to the Company must vest (and not otherwise be exercisable) in stages over a minimum of twelve months with no more than one quarter of the options vesting in any three month period and will expire within a maximum of thirty days after the Optionee ceases to be employed by the Company.

The term of options granted under the Option Plan shall not exceed ten years from the date of grant, and all options granted under the Option Plan are not transferable other than by will or the laws of dissent and distribution. If an Optionee ceases to be an Optionee for any reason whatsoever other than death or termination for cause, each option held by such Optionee will cease to be exercisable the earlier of 90 days following the termination date (being the date on which such Optionee ceases to be an Optionee) and the original expiry date of such option.  If an Optionee dies, the legal representative of the Optionee may exercise the Optionee's options within one year after the date of the Optionee's death but only up to and including the original option expiry date.

If at any time the expiry of the term of an option should be determined to occur either during a period in which the trading of common shares by the Optionee is restricted under the insider trading policy or other policy of the Company or within ten business days following such a period, then the expiry date (and the option term) of such option shall be automatically extended to the tenth trading day following the date the relevant black-out period or other trading restriction imposed by the Company is lifted, terminated or removed.

The Directors and Senior Management are eligible to participate in the Option Plan. The Company does not provide any financial assistance to participants in order to facilitate the purchase of common shares under the Option Plan. The Board can amend the terms of the Option Plan, provided that, among other things, no such amendment may be made that would increase the maximum aggregate number of common shares available for issuance as options or that would affect the terms of any previously granted stock option unless the Company receives shareholder approval for such amendment in accordance with the policies of the TSX.

Option-Based Awards

The following table sets forth the share-based awards or option-based awards for each of directors and officers of the Company outstanding as at December 31, 2018:2019:

Name

Option Based Awards

Number of securities
underlying
unexercised options

(#)

Option exercise
price

(US$)

Option expiration date

Value of unexercised
in-the-money options
(US$)(1)

James R. Bond

100,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

1.30

0.30

0.50

0.78

August 18, 2021

November 28, 2022

August 20, 2023

August 19,2024

0
12,500

42,000

22,000

0

Richard Lee100,000
100,000
100,000
1.30
0.30
0.50
August 18, 2021
November 28, 2022
August 20, 2023
0
12,500
0
Peter Hughes50,000
50,000
50,000
1.30
0.30
0.50
August 18, 2021
November 28, 2022
August 23, 2023
0
6,250
0
Tony Andrukaitis100,000
100,000
100,000
1.30
0.30
0.50
August 18, 2021
November 28, 2022
August 23, 2023
0
12,500
0
Phil Dyer200,000
50,000
50,000
1.30
0.30
0.50
August 18, 2021
November 28, 2022
August 23, 2023
0
6,250
0



- 3729 -


Name

Option Based Awards

Number of securities
underlying
unexercised options

(#)

Option exercise price
(US$)

Option expiration date

Value of unexercised
in-the-money options
(US$)(1)

Paul Cass

Richard Lee

200,000
50,000
50,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

1.30

0.30

0.50

0.78

August 18, 2021

November 28, 2022

August 20, 2023

August 19,2024

0

42,000

22,000

0

Peter Hughes

50,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

1.30

0.30

0.50

0.78

August 18, 2021

November 28, 2022

August 23, 2023

August 19, 2024

0
6,250

21,000

11,000

0

Laura Roach

Tony Andrukaitis

200,000
50,000
50,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

1.30

0.30

0.50

0.78

August 18, 2021

November 28, 2022

August 23, 2023

August 19, 2024

0
6,250

42,000

22,000

0

Phil Dyer

200,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

1.30

0.30

0.50

0.78

August 18, 2021

November 28, 2022

August 23, 2023

August 19, 2024

0

21,000

11,000

0

Paul Cass

200,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

1.30

0.30

0.50

0.78

August 18, 2021

November 28, 2022

August 23, 2023

August 19, 2024

0

21,000

11,000

0

Laura Roach

200,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

1.30

0.30

0.50

0.78

August 18, 2021

November 28, 2022

August 23, 2023

August 19, 2024

0

21,000

11,000

0

Jesse V. Crews

200,000

50,000

50,000

0.57

0.50

0.78

April 17, 2023

August 23, 2023

August 19, 2024

30,000

11,000

0
0

(1) Value is calculated based on the difference between the market value of the securities underlying the options as at December 31, 20182019 (being CAD$0.58)US$0.72) and the exercise price of the option. The value of unexercised in-the-money options is in CAD dollars and has been converted to US dollars using the Bank of Canada rate on December 31, 2018 of USD $0.7330.

Termination and Change of Control Benefits

Except as disclosed above with respect to James R. Bond, Richard Lee and Tony Andrukaitis, the Company has no plans or arrangements in respect of remuneration received or that may be received by the Company's directors and senior management in respect of compensating such person in the event of termination of employment (as a result of resignation, retirement, change of control, etc.) or a change in responsibilities.

Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefits

The Company has not set aside or accrued any amounts to provide pension, retirement or similar benefit for the Company's directors or senior management during Fiscal 2018.2019.

C. Board Practices

Term of Office


- 30 -

Each director of the Company holds office until the next annual general meeting of the Company or until his successor is elected or appointed, unless his office is earlier vacated in accordance with the articles of the Company or the provisions of the BCBCA. Each member of the Company's senior management is appointed to serve at the discretion of the Company's Board, subject to the terms of the personal service agreements described above.

Service Contracts

See "Employment Agreements" and "Termination and Change of Control Benefits" above for particulars of certain directors' service contracts with the Company and the Company's subsidiaries, as applicable. Other than as disclosed herein, the Company does not have any service contracts with directors which provide for benefits upon termination of employment.

Committees

The Company currently has three standing committees, the audit committee, the corporate governance and nominating committee and the compensation committee.


- 38 -

Audit Committee

The currentDuring the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the  members of the audit committee arewere Phil Dyer (Chairman), Paul Cass  and Jesse Crews.  On February 11, 2020 Mr. Dyer resigned from the Board of Directors of the Company and was replaced by Mr. Frank Busch as a director on the audit committee and Mr. Paul Cass was named Chairman of the audit committee. As defined in National Instrument 52-110 - Audit Committees of the Canadian Securities Administrator, Messrs. Dyer, Cass and Crews were independent and the current audit committee consisting of Paul Cass, Jesse Crews and Frank Busch are independent, meaning that they have no direct or indirect material relationship with the Company that could, in the view of the Board, reasonably interfere with the exercise of their independent judgment. They are also financially literate, meaning that they have the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company's financial statements.

The Company has adopted a charter for the Company's audit committee.  The full text of the Charter of the Audit Committee is available on the Company's website at www.kelsotech.com.  The audit committee is responsible for review of both interim and annual financial statements for the Company.  For the purposes of performing their duties, the members of the audit committee have the right at all times, to inspect all the books and financial records of the Company and any subsidiaries and to discuss with management and the external auditors of the Company any accounts, records and matters relating to the financial statements of the Company.  The audit committee members meet periodically with management and annually with the external auditors. The Company's audit committee has the overall duties and responsibilities to:

  • review the financial reporting process to ensure the accuracy of the financial statements of the Company;
  • assist the Board to properly and fully discharge its responsibilities;
  • strengthen the role of the Board by facilitating in depth discussions between directors, management and external auditors;
  • evaluate the independent auditor's qualifications, performance and independence;
  • facilitate the independence of the independent auditor;
  • assess the processes relating to the determination and mitigation of risks and the maintenance of an effective control environment; and
  • review the processes to monitor compliance with laws and regulations.

Compensation Committee

The principal purpose of the Compensation Committee is to implement and oversee compensation policies approved by the Board.  The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include, without limitation, the following:

  • to recommend to the Board compensation policies and guidelines for the Company; and
  • to review and approve corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer and, in light of those goals and objectives, to recommend to the Board the annual salary, bonus and other benefits, direct and indirect, of the Chief Executive Officer and to approve compensation for all other designated officers of the Company, after considering the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer, all within the human resources and compensation policies and guidelines approved by the Board.

- 31 -

The Company has adopted a formal written mandate for the Compensation Committee which can be viewed on the Company's website at www.kelsotech.com.  The mandate provides that the committee shall consist of at least three members of the Board, all of whom shall be "independent" in accordance with applicable legal requirements, including currently the requirements published by the Canadian Securities Administrators under NP 58-201 "Corporate Governance Guidelines" and the applicable NYSE American rules.  The current  members of the Compensation Committee are Messrs. Hughes (Chairman) and Cass and Ms. Roach. 

All members of the Compensation Committee have direct experience which is relevant to their responsibilities as Compensation Committee members.  All of the members of the Compensation Committee have or have had senior level executive and director positions in both private and public companies, and therefore have a good understanding of how compensation works and how to motivate staff.  All of the members have good financial understanding which allows them to assess the costs versus benefits of compensation plans.  The members combined experience in the resource sector provides them with the understandings of the Company's success factors and risks which is very important when determining the metrics for measuring success. 


- 39 -

The Board appoints the members of the Compensation Committee for the ensuing year at the Company's organizational meeting held in conjunction with each annual general meeting of the Company's Shareholders.  The Board may at any time remove or replace any member of the Compensation Committee and may fill any vacancy in the committee.

The Compensation Committee meets regularly each year on such dates and at such locations as the Chair of the Compensation Committee determines.  The Compensation Committee has access to such officers and employees of the Company and to such information respecting the Company and may engage independent counsel or advisors at the expense of the Company, all as it considers to be necessary or advisable in order to perform its duties and responsibilities.

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

The purpose of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is to provide a focus on corporate governance that will enhance corporate performance, and to ensure on behalf of the Board and Shareholders that the Company's corporate governance system is effective in the discharge of the Company's obligations to the Company's shareholders.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee also has the responsibility of proposing nominees for director.  The Committee considers the competencies and skills that the Board as a whole should possess, the competencies and skills of existing Board members and the competencies and skills of proposed new Board members.  The Committee members utilize their extensive knowledge of the industry and personal contacts to identify potential nominees that possess the desired skills and competencies.

The duties and responsibilities of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee include, without limitation, the following:

  • Develop and monitor the Company's overall approach to corporate governance issues and, subject to approval by the Board, implement and administer this process.
  • Advise the Board or any of the committees of the Board of any corporate governance issues which the Committee determines ought to be considered by the Board or any such committees.
  • Review with the Board, on a regular basis, but not less than annually, the terms of reference for the Board, each committee of the Board, the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer.
  • Review with the Board, on a regular basis, the methods and processes by which the Board fulfils its duties and responsibilities, including without limitation:
    1. i. the size of the Board;

    2. ii. the number and content of meetings;

    3. iii. the annual schedule of issues to be presented to the Board at its meetings or those of its committees;


    4. - 32 -

      iv. material which is to be provided to the directors generally and with respect to the meetings of the Board or its committees;

    5. v. resources available to the directors; and

    6. vi. the communication process between the Board and management.

      • Review and, as necessary, authorize a committee or an individual director to engage separate independent counsel and/or advisors at the expense of the Company in appropriate circumstances.
      • Make recommendation to the Board regarding changes or revisions to the Board's Corporate Governance Guidelines;
      • Evaluate and make recommendations to the Board concerning the appointment of directors to the committees and the selection of Board committee chairs;
      • Annually evaluate and report to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the Board and its committees;

      - 40 -

      • Annually, in conjunction with the Chief Executive Officer, evaluate the performance of the Company's management (other than the Chief Executive Officer).  Conduct an annual review of succession planning and report its findings and recommendations to the Board;
      • Evaluate and lead the Board's annual review of the Chief Executive Officer's performance; and
      • Annually review and evaluate its performance.

      The Company has adopted a formal written mandate for the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, which can be viewed on the Company's website at www.kelsotech.com. The mandate provides that the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee shall consist of at least three directors, all of whom will be "independent directors" in accordance with applicable legal requirements, including currently the requirements published by the Canadian Securities Administrators under NP58-201 "Corporate Governance Guidelines" and the applicable NYSE American rules.

      Each member will have skills and/or experience which are relevant to the mandate of the Committee.  The currentDuring the financial year ended December 31, 2019, the members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee arewere Messrs. Dyer, Crews (Chairman), Crews and Ms. Roach. On February 11, 2020 Mr. Dyer resigned from the Board of Directors of the Company and was replaced by Mr. Frank Busch as a director on the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.

      The Board appoints the members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee for the ensuing year at the Company's organizational meeting held in conjunction with each annual general meeting of the Shareholders of the Company. The Board may at any time remove or replace any member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and may fill any vacancy in the committee.

      The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee meets regularly each year on such dates and at such locations as the Chair of the committee determines.  The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has access to such officers and employees of the Company and to such information respecting the Company and may engage independent counsel and advisors at the expense of the Company, all as it considers to be necessary or advisable in order to perform its duties and responsibilities.

      D. Employees

      As at December 31, 2018,2019, the Company had 4045 employees, including employees of the Company's subsidiaries. The majority of employees work at the Company's production facilities in Bonham, Texas.  The remainderCanadian personnel work in Kelowna, British Columbia. There has been no significant change in the number of employees since December 31, 2018. At the date of this filing, the Company's employees are not unionized and all employees are full-time.  At December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had 40 employees, including employees of the Company's subsidiaries.

      E. Share Ownership

      As of December 31, 2018,2019, the Company's directors and senior management beneficially owned the following common shares and stock options of the Company: 

      Name and Office Held

      Number of Common Shares Owned and
      Percent of Total Outstanding Common Shares

      Options Owned

      # of Shares

      % of Class(1)

      James R. Bond
      Director, President and CEO

      1,368,300(2)

      2.90

      300,000

      Peter Hughes
      Director

      16,000

      .003

      150,000

      Tony Andrukaitis
      Director, Executive Vice President Business Development and COO

      264,000

      .56

      300,000

      Phil Dyer

      Director

      10,000

      .021

      300,000



      - 4133 -

      Name and Office Held

      Number of Common Shares Owned and
      Percent of Total Outstanding Common Shares

      Options Owned

      Number of Common Shares Owned and
      Percent of Total Outstanding Common Shares

      Options Owned

      # of Shares

      % of Class(1)

      # of Shares

      % of Class(1)

      James R. Bond
      Director, President and CEO

      1,368,300(2)

      2.90

      400,000

      Peter Hughes
      Director

      16,000

      0.003

      200,000

      Tony Andrukaitis
      Director, Executive Vice President Business Development and COO

      264,000

      0.56

      400,000

      Phil Dyer

      Director

      10,000

      0.021

      350,000

      Paul Cass

      Director

      69,000

      .146

      300,000

      69,000

      0.146

      350,000

      Laura Roach

      Director

      6,390

       

      300,000

      6,390

      0.013

      350,000

      Jesse V. Crews
      Director

      97,097

      .21

      250,000

      107,097

      0.227

      300,000

      Richard Lee
      CFO

      144,500

      .31

      300,000

      144,500

      0.306

      400,000

      (1)Based on 47,170,086 common shares issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2018.2019.

      (2)Mr. Bond holds 552,500 common shares directly; 660,800 common shares indirectly through Bondwest Enterprises Inc., a company owned and controlled by Mr. Bond; and 155,000 common shares jointly with Serena Sardar, Mr. Bond's spouse.

      The voting rights attached to the common shares owned by the Company's directors and senior management do not differ from those voting rights attached to shares owned by people who are not directors or senior management of the Company.

      Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

      A. Major Shareholders

      To the best of the Company's knowledge, there are no persons or company who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, or exercise control or direction over, securities carrying more than 5% of the voting rights attached to any class of voting securities of the Company.

      The voting rights of the Company's major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of holders of the Company's common shares who are not the Company's major shareholders.

      As at December 31, 2018,2019, the registrar and transfer agent for the Company reported that there were 47,170,086 common shares of the Company issued and outstanding. Of these, 43,140,52543,140,454 were registered to Canadian residents (10 recorded shareholders), 4,018,1334,018,204 were registered to residents of the United States (19 recorded shareholders) and 11,428 were registered to residents of other foreign countries (1 recorded shareholder).

      To the best of the Company's knowledge, the Company is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person severally or jointly, except as disclosed in the above table regarding the Company's major shareholders.

      There are no arrangements known to the Company, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.

      B. Related Party Transactions

      For Fiscal 2018,2019, management fees for the Company were $540,535$540,692 (Fiscal 2018 - $540,535; Fiscal 2017 - $544,014; Fiscal 2016 - $717,368)$544,014). At December 31, 2018,2019, the amount due to related parties (unsecured and have no interest) was $89,535$537,644 (Fiscal 2018 - $19,500; Fiscal 2017 - $45,262; Fiscal 2016 - $36,000)$45,262). Management bonuses of $70,035$496,894 were earned in Fiscal 2019 (Fiscal 2018 (Fiscal 2017- $70,035 and Fiscal 2016 were2017 - Nil). $19,500; $40,750 related to accrued Directors fees (Fiscal 2018 - $19,500; Fiscal 2017 - $16,500; Fiscal 2016 - $36,000)$16,500) and there were no amounts due for reimbursement of expenses to a director of the Company.  Expense reimbursements are due on demand.  Related party transactions during Fiscal 2019, Fiscal 2018 and Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016 were in the normal course of operations and were measured at their fair value.


      - 34 -

      Share-based expenses (calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model) were $262,261 ($264,172 for Fiscal 20172019 were $255,902; $262,261 in Fiscal 2018 and $160,854$264,172 for Fiscal 2016).2017.


      - 42 -

      Other than as disclosed in this annual report and the financial statements attached hereto and other than in the ordinary course of business, since the beginning of the Company's preceding three financial years, there have been no transactions or loans between the Company and:

      (a) enterprises that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control or are controlled by, or are under common control with, the Company;

      (b) associates, meaning unconsolidated enterprises in which the Company has a significant influence or which have significant influence over the Company;

      (c) individuals owning, directly or indirectly, an interest in the voting power of the Company that gives them significant influence over the Company, and close members of any such individual's family;

      (d) key management personnel, that is, those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company, including directors and senior management of the Company and close members of such individuals' families; and

      (e) enterprises in which a substantial interest in the voting power is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (c) or (d) or over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence, including enterprises owned by directors or major shareholders of the Company and enterprises that have a member of key management in common with the Company.

      Compensation

      For information regarding compensation for the Company's directors and senior management, see Item 6.B. Compensation.

      Interests of Experts and Counsel

      Not applicable.

      Item 8. Financial Information

      A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information

      The Company's financial statements are stated in United States dollars and are prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB.

      The following financial statements and notes thereto are filed with and incorporated herein as part of this annual report:

      (a) audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 20182019 including: report of the independent registered public accountant, Smythe LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, comprising the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 20182019 and 2017,2018, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 2017 and 2016.2017.

      These financial statements can be found under "Item 17. Financial Statements" below.


      - 35 -

      Export Sales

      All sales are domestic to the US.

      Legal Proceedings

      There have not been any legal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings, those involving any third party, and governmental proceedings pending or known to be contemplated, which may have, or have had in the recent past, significant effect the Company's financial position or profitability.


      - 43 -

      Also, there have been no material proceedings in which any director, any member of senior management, or any of the Company's affiliates is either a party adverse to the Company or the Company's subsidiaries or has a material interest adverse to the Company or the Company's subsidiaries.

      Policy on Dividend Distributions

      The Company's Board of Directors may give consideration on an annual basis to the payment of future dividends.  The amount of any future annual dividends will be determined based on a number of factors that may include the results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and future prospects of the Company.  The Board is, however, under no obligation to declare dividends and the declaration of dividends is wholly within their discretion.  Further, the Company's Board of Directors may cease declaring dividends or may declare dividends in amounts that are different from those previously declared.

      Significant Changes

      The Company is not aware of any significant change that has occurred since December 31, 20182019 that have not been disclosed in this annual report.

      Item 9. The Offer and Listing

      A. Offer and Listing Details

      Price History

      Full Financial Years (five most recent full financial years)

      The annual high and low market prices of the Company's common shares for the five most recent full financial years on the TSX and NYSE American were as follows:

      Year Ended

      TSX(1)
      (Canadian dollars, $)

      NYSE American(2)
      (U.S. dollars, $)

      TSX(1)
      (Canadian dollars, $)

      NYSE American(2)
      (U.S. dollars, $)

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

      December 31, 2019

      2.19

      0.55

      1.66

      0.41

      December 31, 2018

      1.25

      0.46

      0.96

      0.3591

      1.25

      0.46

      0.96

      0.3591

      December 31, 2017

      1.40

      0.315

      1.08

      0.27

      1.40

      0.315

      1.08

      0.27

      December 31, 2016

      1.90

      0.96

      1.44

      0.70

      1.90

      0.96

      1.44

      0.70

      December 31, 2015

      5.70

      1.30

      5.11

      0.79

      5.70

      1.30

      5.11

      0.79

      December 31, 2014

      7.32

      3.11

      6.73

      2.77

      (1) The common shares of the Company were listed for trading on the TSX on May 22, 2014 prior to which they traded on the TSXV.

      (2) The common shares of the Company were listed for trading on the NYSE American on October 14, 2014 prior to which they traded on the OTCQX International under the symbol "KEOSF".


      - 44 -

      Full Financial Quarters (two most recent full financial years)


      - 36 -

      The high and low market prices of the Company's common shares for each full financial quarter for the two most recent full financial years on the TSX and NYSE American were as follows:

      Quarter Ended

      TSX

      (Canadian dollars, $)

      NYSE American
      (U.S. dollars, $)

      TSX

      (Canadian dollars, $)

      NYSE American
      (U.S. dollars, $)

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

      December 31, 2019

      1.12

      0.91

      0.90

      0.69

      September 30, 2019

      2.06

      0.82

      1.58

      0.61

      June 30, 2019

      2.19

      0.90

      1.66

      0.69

      March 31, 2019

      1.19

      0.55

      0.90

      0.41

      December 31, 2018

      1.11

      0.46

      0.85

      0.3591

      1.11

      0.46

      0.85

      0.3591

      September 30, 2018

      1.25

      0.52

      0.96

      0.3869

      1.25

      0.52

      0.96

      0.3869

      June 30, 2018

      0.86

      0.47

      0.655

      0.37

      0.86

      0.47

      0.655

      0.37

      March 31, 2018

      1.05

      0.59

      0.87

      0.4801

      1.05

      0.59

      0.87

      0.4801

      December 31, 2017

      0.75

      0.315

      .06172

      0.27

      September 30, 2017

      1.08

      0.445

      0.83

      0.373

      June 30, 2017

      1.20

      0.71

      0.89

      0.5244

      March 31, 2017

      1.40

      0.94

      1.08

      0.71

      Most Recent 6 Months

      The high and low market prices of the Company's common shares for each month for the most recent six months on the TSX and NYSE American were as follows:

      Month Ended

      TSX
      (Canadian dollars, $)

      NYSE American
      (U.S. dollars, $)

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

      February 28, 2019

      0.94

      0.75

      0.7245

      0.60

      January 31, 2019

      0.85

      0.55

      0.6487

      0.41

      December 31, 2018

      0.69

      0.54

      0.54

      0.37

      November 30, 2018

      1.11

      0.48

      0.85

      0.37

      October 31, 2018

      0.67

      0.46

      0.519

      0.3591

      September 30, 2018

      0.67

      0.57

      0.5199

      0.4349

      Month Ended

      TSX
      (Canadian dollars, $)

      NYSE American
      (U.S. dollars, $)

      High

      Low

      High

      Low

           

      February 28, 2020

      1.32

      0.90

      1.00

      0.70

      January 31, 2020

      1.00

      0.85

      0.78

      0.65

      December 31, 2019

      1.07

      0.91

      0.83

      0.69

      November 30, 2019

      1.12

      0.97

      0.88

      0.74

      October 31, 2019

      1.20

      0.93

      0.90

      0.70

      September 30, 2019

      1.15

      0.91

      0.92

      0.68

      Transfers of Common Shares

      The Company's common shares are in registered form and the transfer of the Company's common shares is managed by the Company's transfer agent, Computershare Investor Services Inc. with transfer facilities in Vancouver and Toronto.

      Computershare Trust Company, Denver, Colorado, serves as co-transfer agent and co-registrar for the Company's shares in the US.

      Requests for information should be directed to Computershare Investor Services Inc., 100 University Avenue, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 2Y1.  Telephone 1 800 564 6253 (toll free in Canada and the United States) between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time or 514 982 7555 (international direct dial).


      - 45 -

      B. Plan of Distribution

      Not applicable.


      - 37 -

      C. Markets

      The Common Shares are publicly traded on the TSX under the symbol "KLS", and on the NYSE American under the symbol "KIQ". 

      D. Selling Shareholders

      Not applicable.

      E. Dilution

      Not applicable.

      F.Expenses of the Issue

      Not applicable.

      Item 10. Additional Information

      A. Share Capital

      Not applicable.

      B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

      The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F filed on filed on August 29, 2013, as amended on October 23, 2013, November 21, 2013 and December 3, 2013.

      C. Material Contracts

      There are no other contracts, other than those disclosed in this annual report and those entered into in the ordinary course of the Company's business, that are material to the Company and which were entered into in the most recently completed fiscal year or which were entered into before the most recently completed fiscal year but are still in effect as of the date of this annual report:

      1. The Company's patent for the PRV was in good standing until January 29, 2016.1. The patent abstract describes the PRV as "a pressure relief valve for releasing fluid through a vent in a railway tank car, tank trucks and similar vessels. A valve disc is normally biased in a closed position by a plurality of constant-force springs of laminated steel tapes on drums supported on upright angle brackets symmetrically arranged around a valve seat. The pressure at which the valve opens is determined by a pre-selection of the number of springs, laminated tapes per spring and the restoring force of each tape." See "Business Overview".

      2. 2. On May 26, 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with Barry LaCroix whereby the Company acquired Manhole Cover Patent No. US 7,104,722 B2 from Mr. LaCroix and related technology and intellectual property in consideration for CAD$40,000 and the grant of a 5% royalty on gross sales of the manhole covers sold under the auspices of the patent in favour of Mr. LaCroix on the terms and conditions set out in the agreement. This patent expires 2023.


      - 46 -

      1. 3. The Company has a 10% rolling stock option plan which was last approved by the shareholders of the Company on June 8, 2017.  A copy of the Option Plan is available under the Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com in Canada on EDGAR at www.sec.gov in the United States.

      2. 4. On November 10, 2016 the Company entered an exclusive Technology Development Agreement (the "GJ Agreement") with G & J Technologies Inc. ("G & J"), a private company incorporated in the Province of British Columbia.  The GJ Agreement focuses on the development, commercialization and production of proprietary products used in heavy-duty, high-performance ETVS. The GJ Agreement gives the Company the worldwide, perpetual, exclusive rights to develop with G & J a new generation of patented technologies that enhance the capabilities of ETVS.  The GJ Agreement gives the Company the right to patent, market, manufacture, distribute and license all specialized technologies covered under the GJ Agreement.  The Company plans to utilize these technologies to create ETVS components that can generate multi-million dollar revenue streams.  In consideration for the Agreement the Company agreed to pay G & J a fee of US$100,000 and 1,000,000 common shares of the Company, which shares are scheduled to be released over four key milestones under the Agreement.  In addition, Kelso pays US$10,000 per month to G & J and a 2.5% royalty on a pre-approved sales formula.  During Fiscal 2018, a total of 250,000 common shares were issued to G & J at a deemed price of C$1.00/share (250,000 shares were issued to G & J during each of Fiscal 2017 and 2016 at a deemed price of $1.00/share).  A total of 250,000 common shares remain to be issued pursuant to the Agreement.


      3. - 38 -

        5. On January 1, 2017 the Company entered into Professional Services Agreement with Bondwest Enterprises Inc. ("Bondwest"), a private company 100% owned by James R. Bond which expires on December 31, 2020 (the "CEO PSA") with regards to Mr. Bond's engagement as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.  Under the terms of the CEO PSA Bondwest will receive a base fee of US$15,000 per month for the fiscal year 2017.  The base fee for fiscal 2018 will increase to US$18,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2017 of US$18,000,000.  The base fee for fiscal 2019 will increase to US$21,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2018 of US$24,000,000.    The base fee for fiscal 2020 will increase to US$24,000 per month upon achieving sales of US$30,000,000. If at any time during the term of the CEO PSA sales reach US$50,000,000 the base fee will increase to US$24,000 per month. Bondwest is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, capped at 1.5 times the base fee.  The cap would increase to 3x the base fee upon achieving top line sales of US$50,000,000. The performance bonus will be calculated at one-third of 10% of the adjusted income which will be based on the audited annual income adjusted for non-cash items (e.g. stock-based compensation, deferred taxes, unrealized foreign exchange and amortization) and income taxes.  The CEO PSA also includes a severance clause of 24 months base fee for termination or change of control.

      4. 6. On January 1, 2017 the Company entered into a Professional Services Agreement with Kitchener Holdings Corp. ("Kitchener") a private company 100% owned by Richard Lee which expires on December 31, 2020 (the "CFO PSA") with regards to Mr. Lee's employment as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.  Under the terms of the CFO PSA Kitchener will receive a base fee of US$15,000 per month for the fiscal year 2017.  The base fee for fiscal 2018 will increase to US$18,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2017 of US$18,000,000.  The base fee for fiscal 2019 will increase to US$21,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2018 of US$24,000,000.  The base fee for fiscal 2020 will increase to US$24,000 per month upon achieving sales of US$30,000,000.  If at any time during the term of the CFO PSA sales reach US$50,000,000 the base fee will increase to US$24,000 per month. Kitchener is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, capped at 1.5 times the base fee.  The cap would increase to 3x the base fee upon achieving top line sales of US$50,000,000. The performance bonus will be calculated at one-third of 10% of the adjusted income which will be based on the audited annual income adjusted for non-cash items (e.g. stock-based compensation, deferred taxes, unrealized foreign exchange and amortization) and income taxes.  The CFO PSA also includes a severance clause of 24 months base salary for termination or change of control.

      5. 7. On January 1, 2017 the Company and Mr. Andrukaitis entered into a Professional Services Agreement which expires on December 31, 2020 (the "COO PSA") with regards to Mr. Andrukaitis's employment as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company.  Under the terms of the COO PSA Mr. Andrukaitis will receive a base salary of US$15,000 per month for the fiscal year 2017.    The base salary for fiscal 2018 will increase to US$18,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2017 of US$18,000,000.  The base salary for fiscal 2019 will increase to US$21,000 per month upon achieving sales in 2018 of US$24,000,000.  The base salary for fiscal


      - 47 -

        2020 will increase to US$24,000 per month upon achieving sales of US$30,000,000.  If at any time during the term of the COO PSA sales reach US$50,000,000 the base salary will increase to US$24,000 per month. Mr. Andrukaitis is also eligible to receive an annual bonus, capped at 1.5 times the base salary.  The cap would increase to 3x the base salary upon achieving top line sales of US$50,000,000. The performance bonus will be calculated at one-third of 10% of the adjusted income which will be based on the audited annual income adjusted for non-cash items (e.g. stock-based compensation, deferred taxes, unrealized foreign exchange and amortization) and income taxes.  The COO PSA also includes a severance clause of 24 months base salary for termination or change of control.

      D. Exchange Controls

      There are no government laws, decrees or regulations in Canada which restrict the export or import of capital or which affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of the Company's common shares. Any remittances of dividends to United States residents and to other non-residents are, however, subject to withholding tax. See "Taxation" below.


      - 39 -

      E. Taxation

      Certain Canadian Federal Income Taxation

      The Company considers that the following general summary fairly describes the principal Canadian federal income tax consequences applicable to a holder of the Company's common shares who is a resident of the United States, who is not, will not be and will not be deemed to be a resident of Canada for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and any applicable tax treaty and who does not use or hold, and is not deemed to use or hold, his, her or its common shares in the capital of the Company in connection with carrying on a business in Canada (a "non-resident holder").

      This summary is based upon the current provisions of the Income Tax Act (Canada), the regulations thereunder (the "Regulations"), the current publicly announced administrative and assessing policies of the Canada Revenue Agency and the Canada-United States Tax Convention as amended by the Protocols thereto (the "Treaty").  This summary also takes into account the amendments to the Income Tax Act (Canada) and the Regulations publicly announced by the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date hereof (the "Tax Proposals") and assumes that all such Tax Proposals will be enacted in their present form.  However, no assurances can be given that the Tax Proposals will be enacted in the form proposed, or at all.  This summary is not exhaustive of all possible Canadian federal income tax consequences applicable to a holder of the Company's common shares and, except for the foregoing, this summary does not take into account or anticipate any changes in law, whether by legislative, administrative or judicial decision or action, nor does it take into account provincial, territorial or foreign income tax legislation or considerations, which may differ from the Canadian federal income tax consequences described herein.

      This summary is of a general nature only and is not intended to be, and should not be construed to be, legal, business or tax advice to any particular holder or prospective holder of the Company's common shares, and no opinion or representation with respect to the tax consequences to any holder or prospective holder of the Company's common shares is made, accordingly, holders and prospective holders of the Company's common shares should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the income tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of the Company's common shares in their particular circumstances.

      Dividends

      Dividends paid on the Company's common shares to a non-resident holder will be subject under the Income Tax Act (Canada) to withholding tax at a rate of 25% subject to a reduction under the provisions of an applicable tax treaty, which tax is deducted at source by the Company.  The Treaty provides that the Income Tax Act (Canada) standard 25% withholding tax rate is reduced to 15% on dividends paid on shares of a corporation resident in Canada (such as the Company) to residents of the United States, and also provides for a further reduction of this rate to 5% where the beneficial owner of the dividends is a corporation resident in the United States that owns at least 10% of the voting shares of the corporation paying the dividend.


      - 48 -

      Capital Gains

      A non-resident holder is not subject to tax under the Income Tax Act (Canada) in respect of a capital gain realized upon the disposition of a common share of the Company unless such share represents "taxable Canadian property", as defined in the Income Tax Act (Canada), to the holder thereof. The Company's common shares generally will be considered taxable Canadian property to a non-resident holder if:

      • the non-resident holder;

      • persons with whom the non-resident holder did not deal at arm's length; or

      • the non-resident holder and persons with whom such non-resident holder did not deal at arm's length,

      owned, or had an interest in an option in respect of, not less than 25% of the issued shares of any class of the Company's capital stock at any time during the 60 month60-month period immediately preceding the disposition of such shares.  In the case of a non-resident holder to whom shares of the Company represent taxable Canadian property and who is resident in the United States, no Canadian taxes will generally be payable on a capital gain realized on such shares by reason of the Treaty unless the value of such shares is derived principally from real property situated in Canada.


      - 40 -

      United States Federal Income Taxation

      The following is a general discussion of United States federal foreign income tax matters under current law, generally applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below) of the Company's common shares who holds such shares as capital assets.  This discussion addresses the material United States federal income tax consequences but does not address consequences peculiar to persons subject to special provisions of federal income tax law, such as those described below as excluded from the definition of a U.S. Holder.  In addition, this discussion does not cover any state, local or foreign tax consequences.  See "Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences" above.

      The following discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), Treasury Regulations, published Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") rulings, published administrative positions of the IRS and court decisions that are currently applicable, any or all of which could be materially and adversely changed, possibly on a retroactive basis, at any time.  In addition, this discussion does not consider the potential effects, both adverse and beneficial, of any recently proposed legislation which, if enacted, could be applied, possibly on a retroactive basis, at any time.  No assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with such statements and conclusions, or will not take, or a court will not adopt, a position contrary to any position taken herein.

      Holders and prospective holders of common shares should consult their own tax advisors with respect to federal, state, local, and foreign tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of the Company's common shares.

      U.S. Holders

      As used herein, a "U.S. Holder" includes a holder of less than 10% of the Company's common shares who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof, any entity which is taxable as a corporation for U.S. tax purposes and any other person or entity whose ownership of the Company's common shares is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.  A U.S. Holder does not include persons subject to special provisions of federal income tax law, such as tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, financial institutions, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, broker-dealers, non-resident alien individuals or foreign corporations whose ownership of the Company's common shares is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States and shareholders who acquired their shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation.


      - 49 -

      Distributions

      The gross amount of a distribution paid to a U.S. Holder will generally be taxable as dividend income to the U.S. Holder for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of the Company's current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles.  Distributions which are taxable dividends, and which meet certain requirements will be "unqualified dividend income" and taxed to U.S. Holders at a maximum U.S. federal rate of 15%.  Distributions in excess of the Company's current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder's tax basis in the common shares and, to the extent in excess of such tax basis, will be treated as a gain from a sale or exchange of such shares.

      Capital Gains

      In general, upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of common shares, a U.S. Holder will generally recognize a capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or other distribution and the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in such shares.  Such gain or loss will be U.S. source gain or loss and will be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder's holding period of the shares exceeds one year.  If the U.S. Holder is an individual, any capital gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at preferential rates if specified minimum holding periods are met.  The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.


      - 41 -

      Foreign Tax Credit

      A U.S. Holder who pays (or has had withheld from distributions) Canadian income tax with respect to the ownership of the Company's common shares may be entitled, at the option of the U.S. Holder, to either a deduction or a tax credit for such foreign tax paid or withheld.  Generally, it will be more advantageous to claim a credit because a credit reduces United States federal income taxes on a dollar-for-dollar basis, while a deduction merely reduces the taxpayer's income subject to tax.  This election is made on a year-by-year basis and generally applies to all foreign income taxes paid by (or withheld from) the U.S. Holder during that year.  There are significant and complex limitations which apply to the tax credit, among which are an ownership period requirement and the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of the U.S. Holder's United States income tax liability that the U.S. Holder's foreign source income bears to his or its worldwide taxable income.  In determining the application of this limitation, the various items of income and deduction must be classified into foreign and domestic sources.  Complex rules govern this classification process.  There are further limitations on the foreign tax credit for certain types of income such as "passive income", "high withholding tax interest", "financial services income", "shipping income", and certain other classifications of income.  The availability of the foreign tax credit and the application of these complex limitations on the tax credit are fact specific and holders and prospective holders of the Company's common shares should consult their own tax advisors regarding their individual circumstances.

      F. Dividends and Paying Agents

      Not applicable.

      G. Statement by Experts

      Not applicable.


      - 50 -

      H. Documents on Display

      Additional information, including the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements, press releases and other required filing documents are available under the Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. in Canada, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov in the United States and on the Company's website at www.kelsotech.com.  Copies of such documents may also be viewed by appointment during normal business hours at the Company's registered and records office being the offices of Clark Wilson LLP, 900 - 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3H1 during normal business hours.

      I. Subsidiary Information

      The Company operates in conjunction with the Company's fourfive wholly-owned subsidiaries Kelso Technologies (USA) Inc. (incorporated on August 3, 2005 in the State of Nevada), Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly: Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.) (incorporated on June 20, 2012 in the State of Nevada), KIQ Industries Inc. (incorporated on October 7, 2014 in the State of Nevada) and KIQ X Industries Inc. (incorporated on December 12, 2017 in the Province of British Columbia, Canada).Kelso.  KXI Wildertec Industries Inc. (incorporated on February 17, 2020 in the Province of British Columbia, Canada).  Kelso Technologies Inc. owns 100% of the voting securities of each of the Company's subsidiaries and none of the subsidiaries has a class of restricted securities

      Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

      Financial instruments are agreements between two parties that result in promises to pay or receive cash or equity instruments. The Company classifies the Company's financial instruments as follows: cash is classified as a financial asset at FVTPL, accounts receivable is classified as loans and receivables, and due to related parties and accounts payable and accrued liabilities are classified as other financial liabilities, which areinstruments measured at amortized cost. The carrying value of these instruments approximates their fair values due to their short term to maturity.

      The Company has exposure to the following risks from the Company's use of financial instruments:

      • Credit risk;
      • Liquidity risk; and

      - 42 -

      • Market risk.

      (a) Credit risk

      Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. Cash is placed with a major Canadian financial institution and the Company's concentration of credit risk for cash and maximum exposure thereto is $1,246,244$4,418,236 at December 31, 20182019 (December 31, 20172018 - $411,223)$1,246,244).

      With respect to its accounts receivable, the Company assesses the credit rating of all customers and maintains provisions for potential credit losses, and any such losses to date have been within management's expectations. The Company's credit risk with respect to accounts receivable and maximum exposure thereto is $1,224,235$1,824,563 at December 31, 20182019 (December 31, 20172018 - $653,445)$1,224,235).

      The Company's concentration of credit risk for accounts receivable at December 31, 20182019 with respect to Customer A is $271,564 (December 31, 2017$476,341 (2018 - $94,114),$271,564) and Customer B is $161,556 (December 31, 2017$172,841 (2018 - $78,306) while Customer C is $Nil (December 31, 2017 -$150,000) related to expense recovery.$161,556).  The Company has provided for an allowance for doubtful accounts amounting to $27,653of $Nil at December 31, 2017 (December 31, 20172019 (2018 - $82,042)$27,653).

      To reduce the credit risk of accounts receivable, the Company regularly reviews the collectability of accounts receivable to ensure there is no indication that these amounts will not be fully recovered.

      (b) Liquidity risk

      Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will be unable to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company's approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquid funds to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company's reputation.

      At December 31, 2018,2019, the Company hashad cash in the amount of $1,246,244$4,418,236 (December 31, 20172018 - $411,223)$1,246,244) and accounts receivable of $1,824,563 (December 31, 2018 - $1,224,235) to settle currentaccounts payable and accrued liabilities of $1,312,517$1,638,020 (December 31, 20172018 - $878,699)$1,312,517) with the following due dates; trade accounts payable of $1,222,982$1,100,376 (December 31, 20172018 - $833,437)$1,222,982) are due within three months; management bonus payable of $70,035 (2017 - $Nil) are due within five and one-half months of the year end and due to related party balances of $19,500$537,644 (December 31, 20172018 - $45,262)$89,535) are due on demand.payable not later than May 15th, of the following year.


      - 51 -

      (c) Market risk

      The significant market risks to which the Company is exposed are interest rate risk and currency risk.

      (i) Interest rate risk

      Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. The Company's cash consists of cash held in bank accounts that earn interest at variable rates. Due to the short-term nature of this financial instrument, fluctuations in market rates of interest do not have a significant impact on the estimated fair value or future cash flows.

      (ii) Currency risk

      The Company is exposed to currency risk to the extent expenditures incurred or funds received, and balances maintained by the Company are denominated in Canadian dollars ("CAD"). The Company does not manage currency risk through hedging or other currency management tools.

      At December 31, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company's net exposure to foreign currency risk iswas as follows (in US):

      December 31, 2019

      December 31, 2018

      Net (liabilities)

      $              (55,554)

      $              (147,910)_)



       

      December 31, 2018

      December 31, 2017

      Net assets

      $(147,910)

      $(31,142)

      - 43 -

      Based on the above, assuming all other variables remain constant, a 14% weakening or strengthening of the USD against the CAD would result in approximately $20,700$7,776 (December 31, 20172018 - $4,400)$20,700) foreign exchange loss or gain in the consolidated statements of operations.

      (iii) Other price risk

      Other price risk is the risk that the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market prices, other than those arising from interest rate risk or currency risk.  The Company is not exposed to other price risk.

      See "Item 17. Financial"Financial Statements".

      Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

      Not applicable.

      PartPART II

      Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.

      None

      Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.

      At the Company's annual general and special meeting held on June 5, 2013, the Company obtained shareholder approval of certain amendments to the Articles of the Company to include provisions for: (i) uncertificated shares; (ii) conversion of fractional shares into whole shares in accordance with the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia); (iii) participation in shareholders' meetings by telephone and other communication mediums; (iv) flexibility to the board of directors to make certain alterations to the Company's authorized share structure by way of directors resolution as opposed to the Company having to incur the additional costs of obtaining shareholder approval; and (v) allowing for change of the Company's name by directors resolution instead of by an ordinary resolution of the shareholders of the Company. In addition, shareholder'sshareholders approved the adoption of advance notice provisions.


      - 52 -

      Advance notice provisions provide a framework whereby the Company can fix a deadline for submission of director nominations by shareholders prior to any annual or special meeting of shareholders and can set forth the information regarding director nominees that a shareholder must include in their notice to the Company for such notice to be in proper written form.

      Item 15. Controls and Procedures

      As required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer evaluated the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F. Based on this evaluation, these officers concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 20-F, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.  These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

      The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Company's financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company's company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company's management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


      - 44 -

      Because of the Company's inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

      Management assessed the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2019, the end of the Company's fiscal year. Management based its assessment on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (COSO Framework) published by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO 2013). Management's assessment included evaluation of such elements as the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies, and the Company's overall control environment.

      Based on the Company's assessment, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective, as of the end of the fiscal year, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

      Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

      Because the Company is an "emerging growth company" as defined in the United States Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, the Company will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for as long as the Company remains an "emerging growth company", which may be for as long as five years following its initial registration on October 9, 2014 in the United States.


      - 53 -

      Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

      The Company's management has evaluated, with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, whether any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's last fiscal year have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Based on the evaluation the Company conducted, the Company's management has concluded that no such changes occurred during the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F.

      Item 16. [Reserved]

      A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

      The Company's board of directors has determined that Phil Dyer qualifiesqualified as an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in Item 16A(b)16A (b) of Form 20-F and is an "independent director" as the term is defined by Section 803 of the NYSE American Company Guide.

      B. Code of Ethical Conduct

      The Company adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on August 1, 2014, which was amended and restated by the Board of Directors on March 19, 201916, 2020 that applies to all of the Company's directors and employees, including the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer.  The full text of the Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available under the Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com in Canada, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov in the United States and on the Company's website at www.kelsotech.com.

      C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

      Audit Fees.  This category includes the fees for the audit of the Company's financial statements and the quarterly reviews of interim financial statements.  This category also includes advice on audit and accounting matters that arose during or as a result of the audit or the review of interim financial statements and services in connection with Securities and Exchange Commission filings.


      - 45 -

      Audit-Related Fees.  This category includes assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the financial statements that are not reported under Audit Fees and describes the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.

      Tax Fees.  This category includes the fees for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning, and describes the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.

      All Other Fees.  This category includes products and services provided by the principal accountant, other than the services reported under Audit Fees, Audit-Related Fees or Tax Fees.

      The Company's current independent registered public accountants provided audit and other services during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017:2018:

       

      December 31, 2018
      (CAD$)

       

      December 31, 2017
      (CAD$)

       

      Audit Fees

      85,000

       

      97,000

       

      Audit-Related Fees

      5,000

       

      5,000

       

      Tax Fees

      6,500

       

      7,400

       

      All Other Fees

      N/A

       

      1,000

       

      Total Fees

      96,500

       

      110,400

       



      - 54 -

       

      December 31, 2019
      (CAD$)

       

       

      December 31, 2018
      (CAD$)

       

      Audit Fees

      90,000

       

       

      85,000

       

      Audit-Related Fees

      15,500

       

       

      5,000

       

      Tax Fees

      -

       

       

      6,500

       

      All Other Fees

      N/A

       

       

      N/A

       

      Total Fees

      105,500

       

       

      96,500

       

      Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

      The Company's audit committee pre-approves all services provided by the Company's independent auditors.  All of the services and fees described under the categories of "Audit Fees", "Audit Related Fees", "Tax Fees" and "All Other Fees" were reviewed and approved by the audit committee before the respective services were rendered, and none of such services were approved by the audit committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X. 

      The audit committee has considered the nature and amount of the fees billed by Smythe LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, and believes that the provision of the services for activities unrelated to the audit is compatible with maintaining the independence of Smythe LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants.

      D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees.

      Not Applicable.

      E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.

      Not Applicable.

      F. Change in Registrants Certifying Account

      Not applicable.

      G. Corporate Governance

      The Company's common shares are listed on NYSE American. Section 110 of the NYSE American Company Guide permits the NYSE American to consider the laws, customs and practices of foreign issuers, and to grant exemptions from NYSE American listing criteria based on these considerations. A company seeking relief under these provisions is required to provide written certification from independent local counsel that the non-complying practice is not prohibited by home country law. A description of the significant ways in which the Company's governance practices differ from those followed by domestic companies pursuant to NYSE American standards is as follows:


      - 46 -

      Shareholder Meeting Quorum Requirement: NYSE American recommends a quorum of at least 33 1/3%. The Company's quorum requirement is set forth in the Company's articles, which provides that a quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of shareholders is one or more persons, present in person or by proxy.

      Proxy Delivery Requirement: NYSE American requires the solicitation of proxies and delivery of proxy statements for all shareholder meetings and requires that these proxies be solicited pursuant to a proxy statement that conforms to SEC proxy rules. The Company is a "foreign private issuer" as defined in Rule 3b-4 under the Exchange Act, and the equity securities of the Company are accordingly exempt from the proxy rules set forth in Sections 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company solicits proxies in accordance with applicable rules and regulations in Canada.

      H.Mine Safety Disclosure

      Not applicable.


      - 55 -

      PartPART III

      Item 17. Financial Statements

      Financial Statements filed as part of the annual report:

      The following financial statements and notes thereto are filed with and incorporated herein as part of this annual report:

      auditedAudited consolidated financial statements including the report of the independent registered public accounting firm issued by Smythe LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, comprising the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 20182019 and 2017,2018, and the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 2017 and 2016.2017.

      Item 18. Financial Statements

      See "Item 17. Financial Statements".

      Item 19.Exhibits

      Item 20.

      Exhibits
      Exhibit No.

      Description

      (3)

      Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

      3.01

      Certificate of Incorporation(1)

      3.01a

      Certificate of Name Change(1)

      3.01b

      Notice of Articles(1)

      3.01c

      Articles(1)

      (4)

      Securityholder Rights

      4.01

      Shareholders Rights Plan dated February 3, 2011(1)

      (10)

      Material Contracts

      10.01

      Professional Services Agreement with Bondwest Enterprises Inc. dated January 1, 2017(82)

      10.02

      Professional Services Agreement with Kitchener Holdings Corp. dated January 1, 2017(82)

      10.03

      Professional Services Agreement with Anthony Andrukaitis dated January 1, 2017(82)

      10.04

      Stock Option Plan(1)

      10.05

      Agreement with Barry LaCroix for Patent No. US 7,104,722 B2 dated May 26, 2010(1)

      10.06

      Notice of Recordation of Assignment Document for US Patent No. 7104722(1)

      10.07

      Notice of Recordation of Assignment Document for US Patent No. 5855225(1)

      10.08

      Technology Development Agreement with G & J Technologies IncInc..(6)(3)

      11*

      Code of Business Conduct and Ethics dated March 19, 2019(3)16, 2020

      12.1*

      Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

      12.2*

      Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



      - 47 -


      Exhibits
      Exhibit No.

      Description

      13.1*

      Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



      - 56 -

      13.2*

      Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

      (21)

      Subsidiaries

      21.01*

      List of Subsidiaries

      (99)

      Additional Exhibits

      99.199.3

      Audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013(2)

      99.2

      Audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014(4)

      99.3

      Audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015(54)

      99.4

      Audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016(7(5)

      99.5

      Audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017(96)

      99.6

      Audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018(10)(7)

      99.7

      Audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019(8)

      *Filed herewith

      (1) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's registration statement on Form 20-F6-K filed on August 29, 2013.

      (2) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed on March 31, 2014.April 3, 2017.

      (3) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed on March 26, 2019.November 21, 2016.

      (4) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed on March 26, 2015.30, 2016.

      (5) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed March 30, 2016.2017.

      (6)      Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed November 21, 2016.

      (7)      Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed March 30, 2017.

      (8)      Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's registration statement on Form 20-F filed on April 3, 2017.

      (9) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed April 2, 2018.

      (10)(7) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed April 1, 2019.

      (8) Incorporated by reference from the applicable exhibit to the Company's Form 6-K filed March 22, 2019.17, 2020.


      - 5748 -

      SIGNATURES

      The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.



      By: /s/ James R. Bond
      James R. Bond
      President and Chief Executive Officer
      (Principal Executive Officer)

      Date: April 1, 20196, 2020

      By: /s/ Richard Lee
      Richard Lee
      Chief Financial Officer
      (Principal Financial Officer
      and Principal Accounting Officer)

      Date: April 6, 2020



      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      Index

      Page

      Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm

      F-2

      Consolidated Financial Statements

      Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

      F-3

      Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

      F-4

      Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

      F-5

      Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

      F-6

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      F-7 - F-28




      REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

      TO THE SHAREHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS OF KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

      We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Kelso Technologies Inc. as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

      Change in Accounting Principle

      As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its accounting policy for leases as of January 1, 2019 due to the adoption of IFRS 16 Leases.

      Basis for Opinion

      These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

      We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

      Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

      Chartered Professional Accountants

      We have served as the Company's auditor since 2006.

      Vancouver, Canada

      March 16, 2020


      Kelso Technologies Inc.

      Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

      December 31

      (Expressed in US Dollars)

        2019  2018 
             
      Assets      
      Current      
      Cash and cash equivalents$4,418,236 $1,246,244 
      Accounts receivable (Note 5) 1,824,563  1,224,235 
      Prepaid expenses 96,627  110,258 
      Inventory (Notes 6 and 7) 3,394,192  3,668,401 
             
        9,733,618  6,249,138 
      Property, plant and equipment (Note 7) 3,389,994  3,087,893 
      Intangible assets (Note 8) 607,959  607,959 
             
       $13,731,571 $9,944,990 
      Liabilities      
      Current      
      Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 11)$1,638,020 $1,312,517 
      Income tax payable (Note 12) 71,341  466,739 
      Current portion of lease liability (Note 9) 86,384  - 
             
        1,795,745  1,779,256 
      Long term portion of lease liability (Note 9) 90,551  - 
             
        1,886,296  1,779,256 
      Shareholders’ Equity      
      Capital Stock (Note 10) 23,366,542  23,366,542 
      Reserves (Note 10 (b)) 4,238,309  3,892,811 
      Deficit (15,759,576) (19,093,619)
             
        11,845,275  8,165,734 
             
       $13,731,571 $9,944,990 

      Approved on behalf of the Board:

      “Peter Hughes” (signed)                                                              

      Peter Hughes, Director

      “Paul Cass” (signed”)                                                                  

      Paul Cass, Director

      See notes to consolidated financial statements


      Kelso Technologies Inc.

      Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

        Capital Stock             
        Number                
        of common     Obligation to          
        shares  Amount  issue shares  Reserves  Deficit  Total 
                         
      Balance, December 31, 2016 46,411,752 $22,829,820 $192,946 $3,021,339 $(14,272,161)$11,771,944 
      Shares issued 500,000  401,432  (192,946) -  -  208,486 
      Share-based expense -  -  -  469,187  -  469,187 
      Shares to be issued -  -  131,527  -  -  131,527 
      Net loss for the year -  -  -  -  (5,015,911) (5,015,911)
      Balance, December 31, 2017 46,911,752 $23,231,252 $131,527 $3,490,526 $(19,288,072)$7,565,233 
      Exercise of options 8,334  3,763  -  (1,263) -  2,500 
      Shares issued 250,000  131,527  (131,527) -  -  - 
      Share-based expense -  -  -  403,548  -  403,548 
      Net income for the year -  -  -  -  194,453  194,453 
      Balance, December 31 2018 47,170,086 $23,366,542 $- $3,892,811 $(19,093,619)$8,165,734 
      Share-based expense -  -  -  345,498  -  345,498 
      Net income for the year -  -  -  -  3,334,043  3,334,043 
      Balance, December 31, 2019 47,170,086 $23,366,542 $- $4,238,309 $(15,759,576)$11,845,275 

      See notes to consolidated financial statements


      Kelso Technologies Inc.

      Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
      For the years ended December 31

      (Expressed in US Dollars)

        2019  2018  2017 
                
      Revenues (Note 15)$20,550,682 $12,716,596 $6,062,778 
      Cost of Goods Sold (Notes 6 and 7) 10,967,803  7,429,380  5,044,093 
                
      Gross Profit 9,582,879  5,287,216  1,018,685 
                
      Expenses         
      Office and administration (Note 6) 2,219,711  1,667,646  1,701,723 
      Management compensation (Note 11) 1,037,586  610,570  544,014 
      Research (Note 7) 1,129,007  1,352,817  1,572,714 
      Marketing 288,893  266,152  554,458 
      Travel 197,293  159,800  430,304 
      Accounting and legal 321,945  194,282  370,495 
      Share-based expense (Notes 10 (b) and 11) 345,498  403,548  469,187 
      Consulting 386,661  196,823  251,055 
      Investor relations 84,000  84,000  84,000 
      Foreign exchange (gain) loss 27,698  4,257  (115,643)
      Amortization (Notes 7 and 8) 69,271  30,242  17,088 
      Bad debts (20,206) (14,689) 82,042 
                
        6,087,357  4,955,448  5,961,437 
                
      Income (Loss) Before the Following: 3,495,522  331,768  (4,942,752)
      Interest income -  -  3,875 
      Write-off of inventory (Note 6) (62,402) (26,031) (197,729)
      Write-off of property, plant and equipment (Note 7) -  (34,438) (29,601)
      Write-off of intangible assets (Note 8) -  (328,010) - 
                
      Income (Loss) Before Taxes: 3,433,120  (56,711) (5,166,207)
                
      Income Tax Expense (Recovery) (Note 12)         
      Current 99,077  (251,164) 22,137 
      Deferred -  -  (172,433)
                
        99,077  (251,164) (150,296)
                
      Net Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year$3,334,043 $194,453 $(5,015,911)
                
      Basic Gain (Loss) Per Share (Note 14)$0.07 $0.00 $(0.11)
                
      Diluted Gain (Loss) Per Share (Note 14)$0.07 $0.00 $(0.11)
                
      Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding         
      Basic (Note 14) 47,170,086  47,117,369  46,848,053 
      Diluted (Note 14) 48,186,522  47,451,644  46,848,053 

      See notes to consolidated financial statements


      Kelso Technologies Inc. 

      Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
      For the years ended December 31
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

        2019  2018  2017 
                
      Operating Activities         
      Net income (loss)$3,334,043 $194,453 $(5,015,911)
      Items not involving cash:         
      Deferred income tax recovery -  -  (172,433)
      Amortization (Notes 7 and 8) 384,827  277,580  203,980 
      Write-off of inventory (Note 6) 62,402  26,031  668,383 
      Write-off of property, plant and equipment (Note 7) -  34,438  29,601 
      Write-off of intangible assets (Note 8) -  328,010  - 
      Share-based expense 345,498  403,548  469,187 
      Bad debts (recovery) (20,206) (14,689) 82,042 
      Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain) (1,669) 4,257  (115,643)
                
        4,104,895  1,253,628  (3,850,794)
      Changes in non-cash working capital         
      Accounts receivable (580,122) (556,101) (97,642)
      Income tax receivable -  -  753,223 
      Prepaid expenses 13,631  73,708  527,897 
      Inventory 213,283  291,713  567,764 
      Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 262,725  399,416  582,099 
      Income tax payable (395,398) (254,528) (112,900)
                
        (485,881) (45,792) 2,220,441 
                
      Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities 3,619,014  1,207,836  (1,630,353)
                
      Investing Activities         
      Intangible assets -  -  (353,010)
      Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment -  700  (33,336)
      Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (428,954) (371,758) - 
                
      Cash Used in Investing Activities (428,954) (371,058) (386,346)
                
      Financing Activities         
      Issue of common shares, net of share issue costs -  2,500  - 
      Lease liability payments (19,737) -  - 
                
      Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities (19,737) 2,500  - 
                
      Foreign Exchange Effect on Cash 1,669  (4,257) 115,643 
                
      Inflow (Outflow) of Cash and Cash Equivalents 3,171,992  835,021  (1,901,056)
      Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year 1,246,244  411,223  2,312,279 
                
      Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year$4,418,236 $1,246,244 $411,223 

      Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Note 13)
      See notes to consolidated financial statements


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)


      1.NATURE OF OPERATIONS

      Kelso Technologies Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of British Columbia on March 16, 1987. The Company designs, engineers, markets, produces and distributes various proprietary pressure relief valves and manway securement systems designed to reduce the risk of environmental harm due to non-accidental events in the transportation of hazardous commodities via railroad tank cars. In addition, the Company is an engineering development company specializing in proprietary service equipment used in transportation applications. The Company trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “KLS”, and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the trading symbol “KIQ”. The Company listed on the TSX on May 22, 2014 and on the NYSE on October 14, 2014. The Company’s head office is located at 13966 18B Avenue, South Surrey, British Columbia, V4A 8J1.

      2. BASIS OF PREPARATION

      (a) Statement of compliance

      These consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

      These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost basis, except for financial instruments, which are stated at their fair values. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the accrual basis of accounting, except for cash flow information.

      Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted IFRS 16 Leases (“IFRS 16”). IFRS 16 was adopted retrospectively with no restatement of comparative periods, as permitted by the transition provisions of the standard.

      (b) Basis of presentation and consolidation

      The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its integrated wholly owned subsidiaries, Kelso Technologies (USA) Inc., Kel-Flo Industries Inc. (formerly Kelso Innovative Solutions Inc.) and KIQ Industries Inc., which are all Nevada, USA, corporations and KIQ X Industries Inc., which is a British Columbia company incorporated on December 12, 2017. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation. A subsidiary is consolidated from the date upon which control is acquired by the Company and all material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

      Control is achieved when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee.

      (c) Functional and presentation currency

      The functional and presentation currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the US dollar (“USD”).


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      2.BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued)

      (d) Significant management judgments and estimation uncertainty

      The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the Company’s management to undertake a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Actual amounts may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions. The Company reviews its estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis. Revisions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and may impact future periods.

      Significant management judgments

      The following are significant management judgments in applying the accounting policies of the Company that have the most significant effect on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses:

      (i) Income taxes

      The extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognized is based on an assessment of the probability of the Company generating future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized. In addition, significant judgment is required in classifying transactions and assessing probable outcomes of tax positions taken, and in assessing the impact of any legal or economic limits or uncertainties in various tax jurisdictions.

      (ii) Functional currency

      The functional currency for the Company and its subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. The Company has determined its functional currency and that of its subsidiaries is the USD. Determination of functional currency may involve certain judgments to determine the primary economic environment and the Company reconsiders the functional currency of its entities if there is a change in events and conditions that determined the primary economic environment.

      (iii) Research and development expenditures

      The application of the Company’s accounting policy for research and development expenditures requires judgment in determining whether an activity is determined to be research or development, and if deemed to be development, whether it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company, which may be based on assumptions about future events or circumstances. Estimates and assumptions may change if new information becomes available. If new information becomes available indicating that it is unlikely that future economic benefits will flow to the Company, the amount capitalized is written off to profit or loss in the period the new information becomes available.

      (iv) Going concern assumption

      The assessment of whether the going concern assumption is appropriate requires management to take into account all available information about the future, which is at least, but not limited to, twelve months from the end of the reporting period.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      2.BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued)

      (d) Significant management judgment and estimation uncertainty (Continued)

      Estimation uncertainty

      Information about estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses is provided below. Actual results may be substantially different.

      (i) Impairment of long-lived assets

      Long-lived assets consist of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.

      At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its long-lived assets to determine whether there is any indication that the carrying amount is not recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When an individual asset does not generate independent cash flows, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

      Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

      (ii) Useful lives of depreciable assets

      The Company reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utilization of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical obsolescence that may change the utilization of certain intangible assets and equipment.

      (iii) Inventories

      The Company estimates the net realizable value of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence available at each reporting date. The future realization of these inventories may be affected by future technology or other market-driven changes that may reduce future selling prices. A change to these assumptions could impact the Company’s inventory valuation and impact gross margins.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      2.BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued)

      (d) Significant management judgment and estimation uncertainty (Continued)

      Estimation uncertainty (Continued)

      (iv) Share-based expense

      The Company grants share-based awards to certain officers, employees, directors and other eligible persons. For equity settled awards, the fair value is charged to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and credited to the reserves, over the vesting period using the graded vesting method, after adjusting for the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest.

      The fair value of the equity-settled awards is determined at the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected volatility and expected life of the options. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, and therefore, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable measure of the fair value of the Company’s stock options.

      (v) Allowance for credit losses

      The Company provides for doubtful debts by analyzing the historical default experience and current information available about a customer’s credit worthiness on an account by account basis. Uncertainty relates to the actual collectability of customer balances that can vary from the Company’s estimation. At December 31, 2019, the Company has an allowance for doubtful accounts of $Nil (2018 - $27,653).

      Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

      (e) Approval of the consolidated financial statements

      The consolidated financial statements of the Company for year ended December 31, 2019 were approved and authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on March 16, 2020.

      (f) New accounting standards issued but not yet effective

      The Company has performed an assessment of new standards issued by the IASB that are not yet effective. The Company has assessed that the impact of adopting these accounting standards on its consolidated financial statements would not be significant.

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

      The following is a summary of significant accounting policies:

      (a) Cash equivalents

      Cash equivalents include short-term liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less, are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant changes in value.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

      (b) Inventory

      Inventory components include raw materials and supplies used to assemble valves and manway covers, as well as finished valves and manway covers. All inventories are recorded at the lower of cost on a weighted average basis and net realizable value. The stated value of all inventories includes purchase and assembly costs of all raw materials and supplies, and attributable overhead and amortization. A regular review is undertaken to determine the extent of any provision for obsolescence.

      (c) Intangible assets

      Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

      Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. A change in the expected useful life of the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset is accounted for by changing the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and treated as changes in accounting estimates. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

      The Company amortizes intangible assets with finite lives on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:

      Patents - 5 years

      Rights - 2 years

      Amortization begins when the intangible asset is ready for use. Product and technology development costs, which meet the criteria for deferral and are expected to provide future economic benefits with reasonable certainty are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the products or technology once commercialization commences.

      (d) Property, plant and equipment

      Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Leasehold improvements and prototypes are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and estimated useful life respectively. Amortization is calculated over the estimated useful life of the property, plant and equipment at the following annual rates:

      Building

      – 4% declining-balance

      Production equipment

      – 20% declining-balance

      Vehicles

      – 30% declining-balance

      Leasehold improvements

      – 5 year straight-line

      Prototypes

      – 2 year straight-line


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

      (e) Revenue recognition

      Revenues from the sale of pressure relief valves, manway securement systems and related products is recognised when all the performance obligations identified in the customer contract, typically consisting of a purchase order, are satisfied. The performance obligations in a typical purchase order are the manufacture of the pressure relief valve, manway securement system and related accessories and delivery of those items. The Company recognizes revenue when collection is reasonably assured.

      (f) Impairment of long-lived assets

      The Company’s tangible and intangible assets are reviewed for any indication of impairment at each statement of financial position date. If indication of impairment exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset, or its cash-generating unit, exceeds its recoverable amount. A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of cash inflow from other assets or groups of assets.

      The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the assets. For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash inflows, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

      (g) Income taxes

      (i) Current and deferred income taxes

      Income tax expense, consisting of current and deferred tax expense, is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Current tax expense is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at period-end, adjusted for amendments to tax payable with regard to previous years.

      Deferred tax assets and liabilities and the related deferred income tax expense or recovery are recognized for deferred tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted or substantively enacted tax rates expected to apply when the asset is realized or the liability settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income (loss) in the period that substantive enactment occurs.

      A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilized. To the extent that the Company does not consider it probable that a deferred tax asset will be recovered, the deferred tax asset is reduced. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

      (ii) Texas margin tax

      Effective January 1, 2007, the state of Texas enacted an annual franchise tax known as the Texas margin tax, which is equal to 1% of the lesser of: (a) 70% of a taxable entity’s revenue; and (b) 100% of total revenue less, at the election of the taxpayer: (i) cost of goods sold; or (ii) compensation. A provision for the margin tax owing has been recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

      (h) Foreign currency translation

      The accounts of foreign balances and transactions are translated into USD as follows:

      (i) Monetary assets and liabilities, at the rate of exchange in effect at the consolidated statement of financial position date;

      (ii) Non-monetary assets and liabilities, at the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the acquisition of the assets or assumption of the liabilities; and

      (iii) Revenue and expense items (excluding amortization, which is translated at the same rate as the related asset), at the rate of exchange prevailing at the transaction date.

      Gains and losses arising from translation of foreign currency are included in the determination of net income (loss).

      (i) Earnings per share

      The Company presents basic earnings per share data for its common shares, calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The Company uses the treasury stock method for calculating diluted earnings per share. Under this method the dilutive effect on earnings per share is calculated on the use of the proceeds that could be obtained upon exercise of options, warrants and similar instruments. It assumes that the proceeds of such exercise would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price during the period. However, the calculation of diluted loss per share excludes the effects of various conversions and exercise of options and warrants that would be anti- dilutive.

      (j) Share-based expense

      The Company grants share options to acquire common shares of the Company to directors, officers, employees and consultants. The fair value of share-based expense to employees is measured at grant date, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and is recognized over the vesting period for employees using the graded vesting method. Fair value of share-based expenses for non-employees is recognized and measured at the date the goods or services are received based on the fair value of the goods or services received. If it is determined that the fair value of goods and services received cannot be reliably measured, the share-based expense is measured at the fair value of the equity instruments issued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

      (j) Share-based expense (Continued)

      For both employees and non-employees, the fair value of share-based expense is recognized on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), with a corresponding increase in reserves. The amount recognized as expense is adjusted to reflect the number of share options expected to vest. Consideration received on the exercise of stock options is recorded in capital stock and the related share-based expense in reserves is transferred to capital stock.

      (k) Capital stock

      Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants are recorded as capital stock in the amount for which the option or warrant enabled the holder to purchase a share in the Company. Any previously recorded share-based expense included in the share-based expenses reserve is transferred to capital stock on exercise of options. Capital stock issued for non-monetary consideration is valued at the closing market price at the date of issuance. The proceeds from the issuance of units are allocated between common shares and warrants based on the residual value method. Under this method, the proceeds are allocated first to capital stock based on the fair value of the common shares at the time the units are priced and any residual value is allocated to the warrants reserve. Consideration received for the exercise of warrants is recorded in capital stock, and any related amount recorded in warrants reserve is transferred to capital stock.

      (l) Financial instruments

      (i) Financial assets

      Initial recognition and measurement

      A financial asset is measured initially at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at amortized cost or fair value through profit or loss. A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets the conditions that i) the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows, ii) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, and iii) is not designated as fair value through profit or loss.

      Subsequent measurement

      The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:

      Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

      Financial assets measured at fair value through profit and loss are carried in the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value therein, recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

      (l) Financial instruments (Continued)

      (i) Financial assets (Continued) Subsequent measurement (Continued)

      Financial assets measured at amortized cost

      A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest method and net of any impairment allowance.

      Derecognition

      A financial asset or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets is derecognized when:

      • the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or

      • the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

      (ii) Financial liabilities

      Financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. A financial liability is derecognized when it is extinguished, discharged, cancelled or when it expires. Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortized cost. All interest-related charges are reported in profit or loss within interest expense, if applicable.

      (iii) Fair value hierarchy

      The Company categorizes financial instruments measured at fair value at one of three levels according to the reliability of the inputs used to estimate fair values. The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities included in Level 1 are determined by reference to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Financial assets and liabilities in Level 2 are valued using inputs other than quoted prices for which all significant inputs are based on observable market data. Level 3 valuations are based on inputs that are not based on observable market data.

      (m) Leases

      Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach. The comparative figures for the 2018 and 2017 reporting periods have not been restated and are accounted for under IAS 17 Leases, and IFRIC 4 Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease, as permitted under the specific transitional provisions in the standard.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

      (m) Leases (Continued)

      The Company applied the exemption not to recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and lease liability for leases with less than 12 months of lease term and leases for low- value assets when applying IFRS 16 to leases previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17.

      As at January 1, 2019, the Company did not have any leases that were classified as operating leases under IAS 17. As a result, there was no impact on the consolidated statement of financial position at the date of initial application.

      The following is the new accounting policy for leases under IFRS 16:

      At inception, the Company assesses whether a contract contains an embedded lease. A contract contains a lease when the contract conveys a right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

      The Company, as lessee, is required to recognize a ROU asset, representing its right to use the underlying asset, and a lease liability, representing its obligation to make lease payments.

      The Company recognizes a ROU asset and a lease liability at the commencement of the lease. The ROU asset is initially measured based on the present value of lease payments, plus initial direct cost, less any incentives received. It is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortization, impairment losses and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. The ROU asset is amortized from the commencement date over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the underlying asset. The ROU asset is subject to testing for impairment if there is an indicator of impairment.

      The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by the interest rate implicit in the lease, or if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate which the operation would have to pay to borrow over a similar term and with similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the ROU asset in a similar economic environment.

      Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are comprised of:

      • fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;

      • variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

      • amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee;

      • the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise;

      • lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option; and

      • penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Company is reasonably certain not to terminate early.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

      (m) Leases (Continued)

      The lease liability is subsequently increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and decreased by lease payments made. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or a rate, a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or as appropriate, changes in the assessment of whether a purchase or extension option is reasonably certain to be exercised or a termination option is reasonably certain not to be exercised.

      Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate not included in the initial measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability are recognized as an expense in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

      The ROU assets are presented within “Property, plant and equipment” and the lease liabilities are presented in “Lease liability” on the consolidated statements of financial position.

      4.CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

      The Company considers its capital to be comprised of shareholders’ equity.

      The Company’s objectives in managing its capital are to maintain its ability to continue as a going concern and to further develop its business. To effectively manage the Company’s capital requirements, the Company has a planning and budgeting process in place to meet its strategic goals.

      In order to facilitate the management of its capital requirements, the Company prepares expenditure budgets that are updated as necessary depending on various factors, including successful capital deployment and general industry conditions. Management reviews the capital structure on a regular basis to ensure the above objectives are met. There have been no changes to the Company’s approach to capital management during the year ended December 31, 2019. There are no externally imposed restrictions on the Company’s capital.

      5.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

      Financial instruments are agreements between two parties that result in promises to pay or receive cash or equity instruments. The carrying values of accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short term to maturity.

      The Company has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:

      • Credit risk;

      • Liquidity risk; and

      • Market risk.

      (a) Credit risk

      Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. Cash and cash equivalents are placed with major Canadian and US financial institutions and the Company’s concentration of credit risk for cash and maximum exposure thereto is $4,418,236 (2018 - $1,246,244).


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      5.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

      (a) Credit risk (Continued)

      With respect to its accounts receivable, the Company assesses the credit rating of all customers and maintains provisions for potential credit losses, and any such losses to date have been within management’s expectations. The Company’s credit risk with respect to accounts receivable and maximum exposure thereto is $1,824,563 (2018 - $1,224,235). The Company’s concentration of credit risk for accounts receivable with respect to its significant customers is as follows: Customer A is $476,341 (2018 - $271,564), Customer B is $172,841 (2018 - $161,556) (Note 15). The Company has provided for an allowance for doubtful accounts amounting to $Nil at December 31, 2019 (2018 - $27,653).

      To reduce the credit risk of accounts receivable, the Company regularly reviews the collectability of the accounts receivable to ensure there is no indication that these amounts will not be fully recoverable.

      (b) Liquidity risk

      Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will be unable to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquid funds to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.

      At December 31, 2019, the Company has $4,418,236 (2018 - $1,246,244) of cash and cash equivalents to settle current liabilities of $1,795,745 (2018 - $1,779,256) consisting of the following: accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $1,100,376 (2018 - $1,222,982), due to related party balance of $537,644 (2018 - $89,535), income tax payable of $71,341 (2018 - $466,739) and current portion of lease liability of $86,384 (2018 - $Nil). All payables are due within a year.

      (c) Market risk

      The significant market risks to which the Company could be exposed are interest rate risk and currency risk.

      (i) Interest rate risk

      Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. The Company is not exposed to significant interest rate risk.

      (ii) Currency risk

      The Company is exposed to currency risk to the extent expenditures incurred or funds received and balances maintained by the Company are denominated in Canadian dollars (“CAD”). The Company does not manage currency risk through hedging or other currency management tools.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      5.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

      (c) Market risk (Continued)

      (ii) Currency risk (Continued)

      As at December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had the following assets denominated in CAD (amounts presented in USD):

        December 31, 2019  December 31, 2018 
             
      Cash and cash equivalents$76,389 $15,666 
      Accounts receivable 66,035  46,979 
      Accounts payable (197,967) (210,555)
             
       $(55,544)$(147,910)

      Based on the above, assuming all other variables remain constant, a 14% (2018 - 14%) weakening or strengthening of the USD against the CAD would result in approximately $7,776 (2018 - $20,700) foreign exchange loss or gain in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

      6.  INVENTORY


        December 31, 2019  December 31, 2018 
             
      Finished goods$100,675 $230,315 
      Raw materials and supplies 3,293,517  3,438,086 
             
       $3,394,192 $3,668,401 

      Included in cost of goods sold is $9,443,243 (2018 - $5,974,854; 2017 - $3,376,123) of direct material costs recognized as expense.

      Inventory write-off during the year was $62,402 (2018 - $26,031; 2017 - $668,383) of which $Nil (2018 - $Nil; 2017 - $470,654) is included in cost of goods sold and $62,402 (2018 - $26,031; 2017 - $197,729) is included in general and administrative expenses.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      7.PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

              Leasehold  Production        ROU    
      Cost Land  Building  Improvements  Equipment  Vehicles  Prototypes  Asset  Total 
      Balance, December 31, 2017$12,558 $2,955,901 $43,715 $809,982 $61,517 $- $- $3,883,673 
      Additions -  -  -  -  -  406,160  -  406,160 
      Disposition -  -  -  -  (61,517) -  -  (61,517)
      Balance, December 31, 2018$12,558 $2,955,901 $43,715 $809,982 $- $406,160 $- $4,228,316 
      Additions -  -  -  7,166  -  564,234  117,004  688,404 
      Balance, December 31, 2019$12,558 $2,955,901 $43,715 $817,148 $- $970,394 $117,004 $4,916,720 
      Accumulated Amortization                        
      Balance, December 31, 2017$- $410,037 $32,924 $424,664 $24,502 $- $- $892,127 
      Amortization -  106,080  2,698  96,327  1,877  67,693  -  274,675 
      Disposition -  -  -  -  (26,379) -  -  (26,379)
      Balance, December 31, 2018$- $516,117 $35,622 $520,991 $- $67,693 $- $1,140,423 
      Amortization -  97,592  1,619  58,515  -  216,365  12,212  386,303 
      Balance, December 31, 2019$- $613,709 $37,241 $579,506 $- $284,058 $12,212 $1,526,726 
      Carrying Value                        
      December 31, 2019$12,558 $2,342,192 $6,474 $237,642 $- $686,336 $104,792 $3,389,994 
      December 31, 2018$12,558 $2,439,784 $8,093 $288,991 $- $338,467 $- $3,087,893 

      Included in cost of goods sold is $131,617 (2018 - $179,645; 2017 - $186,892) of amortization related to property, plant and equipment. Included in expenses is $69,271 (2018 - $21,435; 2017 - $9,528) of amortization related to property, plant and equipment.

      Included in inventory is $1,476 (2018 - $5,902; 2017 - $10,261) of amortization related to property, plant and equipment.

      Included in research is $183,939 (2018 - $67,693; 2017 - $Nil ) of amortization related to property, plant and equipment, of which $11,433 (2018 - $Nil; 2017 - $Nil) relates to vehicles under lease.

      Included in prototype additions are vehicles under lease of $79,668 (2018 - $Nil; 2017 - $Nil) (Note 9).


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS


              Product    
              Development    
      Cost Patent  Rights  Costs  Total 
      Balance, December 31, 2017$40,840 $672,959 $328,010 $1,041,809 
      Impairment -  -  (328,010) (328,010)
      Balance, December 31, 2018 and 2019$40,840 $672,959 $- $713,799 
      Accumulated Amortization            
      Balance, December 31, 2017$32,033 $65,000 $- $97,033 
      Amortization 8,807  -  -  8,807 
      Balance, December 31, 2018 and 2019$40,840 $65,000 $- $105,840 
      Carrying Value            
      December 31, 2018 and 2019$- $607,959 $- $607,959 

      During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire a patent related to their manway securement systems. The Company is obligated to pay a 5% royalty in accordance with the agreement (Note 15).

      On November 10, 2016, the Company entered into a technology development agreement to acquire all intellectual property rights (the “Products”) of G & J Technologies, Inc. (the “Vendor”) for consideration of $217,946, consisting of $25,000 in cash and 250,000 common shares with a fair value of $192,946. The shares were issued during the year ended December 31, 2017. On November 10, 2016, the Vendor also entered into a consulting agreement with the Company for a fee of $10,000 per month.

      In addition, the Company will pay an additional $75,000 in cash and issue 750,000 common shares of the Company to the Vendor based on the following milestones:

      • $25,000 cash and 250,000 common shares issuable on the filing of the first new patent application related to the Products (the Company paid the cash and issued the shares with a fair value of $208,486 during the year ended December 31, 2017);

      • $25,000 cash and 250,000 common shares issuable on the successful completion of a commercially viable production prototype for the first Product (the Company accrued for the cash payment and shares to be issued with a fair value of $131,527 at December 31, 2017); the cash and shares were issued during the year ended December 31, 2018; and

      • $25,000 cash and 250,000 common shares issuable on the completion of the sale of the first ten commercial vehicles incorporating the Products.

      The Company is also required to pay a royalty to the Vendor of 2.5% of the net sales earned by the Company, to be paid within 30 days of the end of each calendar quarter. As at December 31, 2019 the Company has not earned any revenue from the sale of the Products.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      8.INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

      At December 31, 2017, the Company had capitalized $328,010 of internal product development costs related to the construction of equipment. During the year ended December 31, 2018, as part of the testing phase, the equipment was destroyed and accordingly, management impaired the product development costs and recognized an impairment loss of $328,010.

      9.LEASE LIABILITY

      The Company has lease agreements for its warehouse space in Kelowna, British Columbia and for vehicles used in the development of prototypes (Note 7).

      The continuity of the lease liability for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

      Lease liability Warehouse  Vehicles  Total 
      Lease liability recognized as of December 31, 2017 and 2018$- $- $- 
      Lease liability recognized 117,004  79,668  196,672 
      Lease payments (12,728) (7,746) (20,474)
      Lease interest 509  228  737 
      Lease liability recognized as of December 31, 2019$104,785 $72,150 $176,935 
                
      Current portion$73,106 $13,278 $86,384 
      Long-term portion 31,679  58,872  90,551 
       $104,785 $72,150 $176,935 

      10.CAPITAL STOCK

      Authorized:

      Unlimited Class A non-cumulative, preferred shares without par value, of which 5,000,000 are designated Class A, convertible, voting, preferred shares. No preferred shares have been issued.

      Unlimited common shares without par value. Issued:

      (a) Common shares

      During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 250,000 shares with a fair value of $131,527 pursuant to achieving the third milestone of the technology development agreement (Note 8). These common shares were recorded as shares to be issued at December 31, 2017.

      During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 8,334 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options for gross proceeds of $2,500. Fair value previously recognized on options exercised of $1,263 was reclassified from reserves to capital stock.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      10.CAPITAL STOCK (Continued)

      (a) Common shares (Continued)

      During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 250,000 common shares with a fair value of $192,946 pursuant to the technology development agreement (Note 8) and 250,000 shares with a fair value of $208,486 pursuant to achieving the second milestone of the technology development agreement (Note 8).

      (b) Stock options

      The Company has a stock option plan (the “Plan”) available to employees, directors, officers and consultants with grants under the Plan approved from time to time by the Board of Directors. Under the Plan, the Company is authorized to issue options to purchase an aggregate of up to 10% of the Company's issued and outstanding common shares. Each option can be exercised to acquire one common share of the Company. The exercise price for an option granted under the Plan may not be less than the market price at the date of grant less a specified discount dependent on the market price.

      Options to purchase common shares have been granted to directors, employees and consultants as follows:

      Exercise

      Expiry

      December 31,

       

       

       

      December 31,

      Price

      Date

      2018

      Granted

      Exercised

      Expired

      2019

      $0.70(CAD)

      October 7, 2019

      28,571

      -

      -

      (28,571)

      -

      $6.85(CAD)

      November 14, 2019

      100,000

      -

      -

      (100,000)

      -

      $1.30(USD)

      August 18, 2021

      1,175,000

      -

      -

      -

      1,175,000

      $0.90(USD)

      July 6, 2022

      50,000

      -

      -

      -

      50,000

      $0.30(USD)

      November 28, 2022

      750,000

      -

      -

      -

      750,000

      $0.50(USD)

      August 20, 2023

      750,000

      -

      -

      -

      750,000

      $0.57(USD)

      April 17, 2023

      200,000

      -

      -

      -

      200,000

      $1.45(USD)

      May 17, 2024

      -

      10,000

      -

      -

      10,000

      $0.78(USD)

      August 19, 2024

      -

      700,000

      -

      -

      700,000

      $0.82(USD)

      November 8, 2024

      -

      10,000

      -

      -

      10,000

      Total outstanding

       

      3,053,571

      720,000

      -

      (128,571)

      3,645,000

      Total exercisable

       

      1,353,571

       

       

       

      2,831,667


      Exercise

      Expiry

      December 31,

       

       

       

      December 31,

      Price

      Date

      2017

      Granted

      Exercised

      Expired

      2018

      $0.30(USD)

      November 28, 2022

      825,000

      -

      (8,334)

      (66,666)

      750,000

      $0.90(USD)

      July 6, 2022

      50,000

      -

      -

      -

      50,000

      $0.70(CAD)

      October 7, 2019

      28,571

      -

      -

      -

      28,571

      $6.85(CAD)

      November 14, 2019

      100,000

      -

      -

      -

      100,000

      $1.30(USD)

      August 18, 2021

      1,325,000

      -

      -

      (150,000)

      1,175,000

      $0.50(USD)

      August 20, 2023

      -

      750,000

      -

      -

      750,000

      $0.57(USD)

      April 17, 2023

      -

      200,000

      -

      -

      200,000

      Total outstanding

       

      2,328,571

      950,000

      (8,334)

      (216,666)

      3,053,571

      Total exercisable

       

      845,238

       

       

       

      1,353,571


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      10.CAPITAL STOCK (Continued)

      (b) Stock options (Continued)

      A summary of the Company’s stock options as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and changes for the years then ended are as follows:

           Weighted 
           Average Exercise 
        Number  Price 
      Outstanding, December 31, 2017 2,328,571 $1.11 
      Granted 950,000 $0.51 
      Exercised (8,334)$0.30 
      Expired (216,666)$0.99 
      Outstanding, December 31, 2018 3,053,571 $0.92 
      Granted 720,000 $0.79 
      Expired (128,571)$4.22 
      Outstanding, December 31, 2019 3,645,000 $0.78 

      The weighted average contractual life for the remaining options at December 31, 2019 is 3.0 years (2018 - 3.49).

      Share-based expense

      Share-based expense of $345,498 (2018 - $403,548; 2017 - $469,187) was recognized in the year ended December 31, 2019 for stock options. The share-based expense relates to options granted during December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, which vest over time.

      The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

        Year ended  Year ended  Year ended 
        December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018  2017 
      Risk-free interest rate (average) 1.32%  2.15%  1.56% 
      Estimated volatility (average) 69.93%  66.56%  61.95% 
      Expected life in years 5.00  5.00  5.00 
      Expected dividend yield 0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 
      Estimated forfeitures 0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 
      Grant date fair value per option $0.45  $0.29  $0.17 

      Option pricing models require the use of highly subjective estimates and assumptions. The expected volatility assumption is based on the historical and implied volatility of the Company’s common share price on the TSX. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on yield curves on Canadian government zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term equal to the stock options’ expected life. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise, forfeiture and employee termination within the valuation model.


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      11.RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

      Related party transactions not otherwise described in these consolidated financial statements are shown below. The remuneration of the Company’s directors and other members of key management, being the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer who have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company, consist of the following amounts:

        December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018  2017 
      Management compensation$540,692 $540,535 $544,014 
      Management bonus* 496,894  70,035  - 
      Share-based expense** 255,902  262,261  264,172 
      Directors’ fees 120,500  73,000  67,000 
       $1,413,988 $945,831 $875,186 

      * The Company has management bonus agreements whereby 10% of the annual income before taxes, amortization and share-based expense is equally distributed to management.

      ** Share-based expense consists of the key management portion of the fair value of options granted calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and does not include any cash compensation.

      As at December 31, 2019, amounts due to related parties included accounts payable and accrued liabilities, which are unsecured and have no interest or specific terms of payments, of $537,644 (2018 - $19,500) consisting of $40,750 (2018 - $19,500) for directors’ fees and $496,894 (2018 - $70,035) for management bonus.

      12.INCOME TAXES

      The Company has approximately $1,200,000 in non-capital losses in the US that may be applied against future taxable income (expiring in 2032 or later).

      The tax effect items that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

        December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018 
             
      Deferred income tax assets      
      Non-capital loss carry-forwards$221,178 $137,251 
             
      Deferred income tax assets$221,178 $137,251 
             
      Deficiency (excess) of carrying value over tax value of property, plant and equipment$(195,048)$(112,422)
      Excess of carrying value over tax value of intangible assets (26,130) (24,829)
             
      Deferred income tax liability$(221,178)$(137,251)
             
      Net deferred tax asset (liability)$- $- 


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      12.INCOME TAXES (Continued)

      Significant unrecognized tax benefits and unused tax losses for which no deferred tax assets is recognized as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

        December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018 
      Excess of tax value over carrying value of mineral properties$9,333 $12,708 
      Non-capital losses carried forward 264,989  4,660,241 
      Lease liability 79,896  - 
             
      Unrecognized deductible temporary differences$354,218 $4,672,949 

      Income tax expense differs from the amount that would be computed by applying the Canadian statutory income tax rate of 27.00% (2018 - $27.00%; 2017 - 26.00%) to income (loss) before income taxes as follows:

        December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018  2017 
      Income (loss) before income taxes$3,334,043 $(56,711)$(5,166,207)
      Statutory income tax rate 27.00%  27.00%  26.00% 
      Income tax (benefit) liability computed at statutory tax rate 900,192  (15,312) (1,343,214)
      Items not deductible for income tax purposes (12,564) 77,417  (100,626)
      Under provision of taxes in prior years 36,225  -  - 
      Change in timing differences 135,130  (80,965) 187,473 
      Impact of foreign exchange on tax assets and liabilities (39,116) (90,212) 117,313 
      Difference between Canadian and foreign taxes -  3,403  (464,959)
      Effect of change in tax rates -  (42,564) - 
      Unused tax losses and tax offsets not recognized (983,204) 148,233  1,431,580 
      Income tax expense (recovery) 36,663  -  (172,433)
      Penalties and interest included in income tax expense (recovery) 27,989  (290,818) - 
      Texas margin tax and branch tax 34,425  39,654  22,137 
      Income tax expense (recovery)$99,077 $(251,164)$(150,296)


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      13.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

        December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018  2017 
      Obligation to issue shares for acquisition of intangible asset$- $- $131,527 
      Shares issued for intangible assets$- $131,527 $401,432 
      Intangible assets in accounts payable and accrued liabilities$- $- $25,000 
      Property, plant and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities$97,180 $34,402 $- 
      Interest paid$737 $- $- 
      Income taxes paid (recovered)$487,206 $(3,907)$- 

      14.EARNINGS PER SHARE

      The calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the relevant years is based on the following:

        December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018  2017 
      Net income (loss) for the year$3,334,043 $194,453 $5,015,911)
      Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding 47,170,086  47,117,369  46,848,053 
      Effect on dilutive securities:         
      Options 1,016,436  334,275  - 
      Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding 48,186,522  47,451,644  46,848,053 
                
      Basic income (loss) per share$0.07 $0.00 $(0.11)
      Diluted income (loss) per share$0.07 $0.00 $(0.11)

      15.SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS

      The following table represents sales to individual customers exceeding 10% of the Company’s annual revenues:

        December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
        2019  2018  2017 
                
      Customer A$11,043,962 $6,158,718 $2,934,404 
      Customer B$2,660,840 $1,524,550 $896,965 

      The customers are major US and Canadian corporations who have displayed a pattern of consistent timely payment of amounts owing from sales.

      The Company is obligated to pay a 5% royalty from sales of their manway securement systems until 2023 in accordance with the original acquisition agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were revenues from sales of the manway securement systems totalling $133,486 (2018 - $13,301; 2017 - $183,337).


      KELSO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

      For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
      (Expressed in US Dollars)

      16.EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

      Total employee benefit expenses, including salary and wages, management compensation, share-based expense and benefits for the year ended December 31, 2019 amounted to $4,451,529 (2018 - $3,275,011; 2017 - $3,448,877).

      17.SEGMENTED INFORMATION

      The Company operates in two business segments with operations and long-term assets in United States and Canada. The two business segments include the design, production and distribution of various proprietary products for the rail sector and active suspension control system for no road vehicles. At December 31, 2019, long term assets of $1,399,087 (2018 - $946,426) relates to the active suspension control system located in Canada and $2,347,234 (2018 - $2,749,426) relates to the rail sector located in the United States. During the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 there was no revenue related to the active suspension control system.

      18.SUBSEQUENT EVENT

      Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company granted incentive stock options to a director for the purchase of up to 200,000 common shares in the capital stock of the Company. The options are exercisable on or before February 25, 2025 at a price of $0.76. The options vest 1/3 on grant date, 1/3 on the first anniversary of the grant date, and 1/3 on the second anniversary of the grant date.