| Page | ||
| Glossary of Geologic and Mining Terms | 5 | |
| Notes Concerning Terminology Related to Resources and Reserves | ||
| Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Regarding Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates | ||
| Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | ||
| PART I | ||
| Item 1 | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers | |
| Item 2 | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | |
| Item 3 | Key Information | |
| Item 4 | Information on the Company | |
| Item 5 | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | |
| Item 6 | Directors, Senior Management and Employees | |
| Item 7 | Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions | 69 |
| Item 8 | Financial Information | |
| Item 9 | The Offer and Listing | 72 |
| Item 10 | Additional Information | |
| Item 11 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | |
| Item 12 | Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities | 86 |
| PART II | ||
| Item 13 | Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies | 86 |
| Item 14 | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and | |
| Use of Proceeds | 86 | |
| Item 15 | Controls and Procedures | 86 |
| Item 16A | Audit Committee Financial Expert | 87 |
| Item 16B | Code of Ethics | 87 |
| Item 16C | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 88 |
| Item 16D | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees | 88 |
| Item 16E | Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers | 88 |
| Item 16F | Change in | 88 |
| Item 16G | Corporate Governance | |
| Item 16H | Mine Safety Disclosure | 89 |
| PART III | ||
| Item 17 | Financial Statements | 89 |
| Item 18 | Financial Statements | 89 |
| Item 19 | Exhibits | 89 |
| Signatures | ||
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Glossary of Geologic and Mining Terms
Adularia: A colourless, moderate to low-temperature variety of orthoclase feldspar typically with a relatively high barium content. It is a prominent constituent of low sulphidation epithermal veins.
Alkalic Intrusive: An igneous rock emplaced below ground level in which the feldspar is dominantly sodic and or potassic.
Alkalinity: The chemical nature of solutions characterized by a high concentration of hydroxyl ions.
Alteration: Usually referring to chemical reactions in a rock mass resulting from the passage of hydrothermal fluids.
Andesite: A dark-coloured, fine-grained extrusive rock that, when porphyritic, contains phenocrysts composed primarily of zoned sodic plagioclase (esp. andesine) and one or more of the mafic minerals (eg. Biotite, horn-blende, pyroxene), with a ground-mass composed generally of the same minerals as the phenocrysts; the extrusive equivalent of diorite. Andesite grades into latite with increasing alkali feldspar content, and into dacite with more alkali feldspar and quartz. It was named by Buch in 1826 from the Andes Mountains, South America.
Anomalous: A geological feature, often subsurface, distinguished by geological, geochemical or geophysical means, which is detectably different than the general surroundings and is often of potential economic value.
Anomaly: Any concentration of metal noticeably above or below the average background concentration.
Argillic: A form of alteration characterisedcharacterized by the alteration of original minerals to clays.
Arsenopyrite: A sulphide of arsenic and iron with the chemical composition FeAsS.
Assay: An analysis to determine the presence, absence or quantity of one or more components.
Axis: An imaginary hinge line about which the fold limbs are bent. The axis of a fold can be at the top or bottom of the fold, can be tilted or horizontal.
Batholith: An intrusion, usually granitic, which has a large exposed surface area and no observable bottom. Usually associated with orogenic belts.
Breccia: Rock consisting of more or less angular fragments in a matrix of finer-grained material or cementing material.
Brecciated: Rock broken up by geological forces.
Bulk sample: A very large sample, the kind of sample to take from broken rock or of gravels and sands when testing placer deposits.
Calc-silicate: Calcium-bearing silicate minerals. These minerals are commonly formed as a result of the interaction of molten rock and its derived, hot hydrothermal fluids with very chemically reactive calcium carbonate (limestone). Calc-silicate minerals include garnet, pyroxene, amphibole and epidote. These minerals are commonly described as skarn and are genetically and spatially associated with a wide range of metals
Chert: A very fine grained siliceous rock. Many limestones contain nodules and thin lenses of chert.
Chip sample: A sample composed of discontinuous chips taken along a surface across a given line.
Claim: That portion of public mineral lands, which a party has staked or marked out in accordance with provincial or state mining laws, to acquire the right to explore for the minerals under the surface.
Clastic: Consisting of rock material that has been mechanically derived, transported, and deposited. Such material is also called detrital.
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Cleavage: The tendency of a crystal to split, or break, along planes of structural weakness.
Concordant Bodies: Intrusive igneous bodies whose contacts are parallel to the bedding of the intruded rock.
Conglomerate: Rock composed of mostly rounded fragments which are of gravel size or larger in a finer grained matrix.
Craton: A central stable region common to nearly all continents and composed chiefly of highly metamorphosed Precambrian rocks.
Cretaceous: Geological time period between 136 and 64 million years ago.
Crystalline: Means the specimen is made up of one or more groups of crystals.
Cut-off grade: The minimum grade of mineralization used to establish quantitative and qualitative estimates of total mineralization.
Dacite: A fine grained acid volcanic rock, similar to rhyolite in which the feldspar is predominantly plagioclase.
Degradation: The ongoing process of erosion in a stream.
Diagenesis: The changes that occur in a sediment during and after lithification. These changes include compaction, cementation, replacement, and recrystallization.
Diamond drill: A type of rotary drill in which the cutting is done by abrasion using diamonds embedded in a matrix rather than by percussion. The drill cuts a core of rock which is recovered in long cylindrical sections.
Dilution: Results from the mixing in of unwanted gangue or waste rock with the ore during mining.
Dip: Geological measurement of the angle of maximum slope of planar elements in rocks. Can be applied to beddings, jointing, fault planes, etc.
Discordant Bodies: Intrusive igneous bodies whose contacts cut across the bedding, or other pre-existing structures, to the intruded rock.
Disseminated deposit: Deposit in which the mineralization is scattered through a large volume of host rock, sometimes as separate mineral grains, or sometimes along joint or fault surfaces.
Dyke: A tabular, discordant, intrusive igneous body.
Earn in: The right to acquire an interest in a property pursuant to an Option Agreement.
Ejecta: Pyroclastic material thrown out or ejected by a volcano. It includes ash, volcanic bombs, and lapilli.
Epithermal: Epithermal deposits are a class of ore deposits that form generally less than 1 km from surface. These deposits, which can host economic quantities of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc are formed as a result of the precipitation of ore minerals from up-welling hydrothermal fluids. There are several classes of epithermal deposits that are defined on the basis of fluid chemistry and resulting alteration and ore mineralogy. Fluid chemistry is largely controlled by the proximity to igneous intrusive rocks and as a result igneous fluid content.
Extrusive Rock: Igneous rock that has solidified on the earth’searth's surface from volcanic action.
Fault: A fracture in a rock where there had been displacement of the two sides.
Faults: Breaks in rocks with noticeable movement or displacement of the rocks on either side of the break.
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Feldspar: A group of aluminum silicate minerals closely related in chemical composition and physical properties. There are two major chemical varieties of feldspar: the potassium aluminum, or potash, feldspars and the sodium-calcium-aluminum, or plagioclase, feldspars. The feldspars possess a tetrahedral framework of silicon and oxygen, with the partial substitution of aluminum for the silicon. They make up about 60 percent of the earth’searth's crust.
Felsic: Light colouredcolored silicate minerals, mainly quartz and feldspar, or an igneous rock comprised largely of felsic minerals (granite, rhyolite).
Fluid inclusion: A cavity, with or without negative crystal faces, containing one or two fluid phases, and possibly one or more minute crystals, in a host crystal. If two fluid phases are present, the vapourvapor phase (bubble) may show Brownian motion.
Folds: Are flexures in bedded or layered rocks. They are formed when forces are applied gradually to rocks over a long period of time.
Fracture: Breaks in a rock, usually due to intensive folding or faulting.
Gangue: Term used to describe worthless minerals or rock waste mixed in with the valuable minerals.
Geochemical Anomaly: An area of elevated values of a particular element in soil or rock samples collected during the preliminary reconnaissance search for locating favourable metal concentrations that could indicate the presence of surface or drill targets.
Geochemistry: The study of the chemistry of rocks, minerals, and mineral deposits.
Geophysics: The study of the physical properties of rocks, minerals, and mineral deposits.
Gouge: The finely ground rock that results from the abrasion along a fault surface.
Grade: The concentration of each ore metal in a rock sample, usually given as weight percent. Where extremely low concentrations are involved, the concentration may be given in grams per tonne (g/t) or ounces per ton (oz/t). The grade of an ore deposit is calculated, often using sophisticated statistical procedures, as an average of the grades of a very large number of samples collected from throughout the deposit.
Granite: A coarse grained, plutonic igneous rock that is normally pale pink, pale pink-brown, or pale grey, and composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, micas and accessory minerals.
Granodiorite: A course grained, plutonic igneous rock that is normally pale grey, and composed of quartz, calc-alkali feldspar, micas and accessory minerals.
Grid: A network composed of two sets of uniformly spaced parallel lines, usually intersecting at right angles and forming squares, superimposed on a map, chart, or aerial photograph, to permit identification of ground locations by means of a system or coordinates and to facilitate computation of direction and distance and size of geologic, geochemical or geophysical features.
Hectare: A square of 100 metresmeters on each side.
Host rock: The rock within which the ore deposit occurs.
Hydrothermal: Of or pertaining to hot water, to the action of hot water, or to the products of this action, such as a mineral deposit precipitated from a hot aqueous solution; also, said of the solution itself. “Hydrothermal”"Hydrothermal" is generally used for any hot water, but has been restricted by some to water of magmatic origin.
Igneous: Means a rock formed by the cooling of molten silicate material.
Induced polarization (I.P.) method: The method used to measure various electrical responses to the passage of alternating currents of different frequencies through near-surface rocks or to the passage of pulses of electricity.
Intermediate: An igneous rock made up of both felsic and mafic minerals (diorite).
Intrusion: General term for a body of igneous rock formed below the surface.
Intrusive Rock: Any igneous rock solidified from magma beneath the earth’searth's surface.
Joint venture agreement: An agreement where the parties agree to the terms on which a property will be jointly explored, developed, and mined. (See also “Option agreement”"Option agreement" and “Earn in”"Earn in").
Jurassic: Geological time period between 195 and 136 million years ago.
Kriging: (a) A statistical technique employed in calculating grade and tonnage of ore reserves from sampling data. The data are handled by computer. (b) A technique for interpolating which honors data points exactly. An output point is calculated as a linear combination of known data points. Kriging attempts to produce the best linear unbiased estimate. Used to interpolate between drillholes.drill holes.
K-silicate: Potassium-bearing silicates. Potassium silicates are very common rock-forming minerals, however they are also formed by the interaction of hyrothermal fluids derived from the cooling intrusive rocks that are genetically and spatially associated with porphyry and epithermal deposits. Potassium feldspar (orthoclase) and potassium mica (biotite) are both commonly closely associated with copper-molybdenum ore in porphyry copper deposits.
K-spar: Potassium feldspar.
Lava: Means an igneous rock formed by the cooling of molten silicate material which escapes to the earth’searth's surface or pours out onto the sea floor.
Limestone: Sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of carbonates, the two most common of which are calcium and magnesium carbonates.
Lithosphere: The crust and upper mantle, located above the asthenosphere and composing the rigid plates.
Mafic: A general term used to describe ferromagnesian minerals. Rocks composed mainly of ferromagnesian minerals are correctly termed melanocratic.
Magma: Naturally occurring molten rock material, generated within the earth and capable of intrusion and extrusion, from which igneous rocks have been derived through solidification and related processes. It may or may not contain suspended solids (such as crystals and rock fragments) and/or gas phases.
Massive: Implies large mass. Applied in the context of hand specimens of, for example, sulphide ores, it usually means the specimen is composed essentially of sulphides with few, if any, other constituents.
Metamorphic: Means any rock which is altered within the earth’searth's crust by the effects of heat and/or pressure and/or chemical reactions. Pertains to the process of metamorphism or to its results.
Metasediment: A sediment or sedimentary rock that shows evidence of having been subjected to metamorphism.
Metavolcanic: An informal term for volcanic rocks that show evidence of having been subject to metamorphism.
Mineral claim: A legal entitlement to minerals in a certain defined area of ground.
Mineral Deposit or Mineralized Material: A mineralized underground body which has been intersected by sufficient closely spaced drill holes and and/or underground sampling to support sufficient tonnage and average grade of metal(s) to warrant further exploration-development work. This deposit does not qualify as a commercially mineable ore body (Reserves), as prescribed under Commission standards, until a final and comprehensive economic, technical, and legal feasibility study based upon the test results is concludedconcluded.
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Mineral: A naturally occurring, inorganic, solid element or compound that possesses an orderly internal arrangement of atoms and a unique set of physical and chemical properties.
Mineralization: Usually implies minerals of value occurring in rocks.
National Instrument 43-101 or NI 43-101: A rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators and administered by the provincial securities commissions that govern how issuers disclose scientific and technical information about their mineral projects to the public. It covers oral statements as well as written documents and websites. It requires that all disclosure be based on advice by a “qualified person”"qualified person" and in some circumstances that the person be independent of the issuer and the property.
Net profits interest: A contractual granted right to some portion of the profits after deduction of expenses sometimes expressed as a form of royalty.
Net smelter returns: Means the amount actually paid to the mine or mill owner from the sale of ore, minerals and other materials or concentrates mined and removed from mineral properties. A royalty based on net smelter returns usually provides cash flow that is free of any operating or capital costs and environmental liabilities.
Option agreement: An agreement where the optionee can exercise certain options to acquire or increase an interest in a property by making periodic payments or share issuances or both to the optionor or by exploring, developing or producing from the optionor’soptionor's property or both. Usually upon the acquisition of such interest, unless it is a 100% interest, all operations thereafter are on a joint venture basis.
Ordinary kriging: The basic technique of kriging and uses a weighted average of neighbouringneighboring samples to estimate the 'unknown' value at a given location. Weights are optimized using the semi-variogram model, the location of the samples and all the relevant inter-relationships between known and unknown values. The technique also provides a "standard error" which may be used to quantify confidence levels.
Ore: A natural aggregate of one or more minerals which may be mined and sold at a profit, or from which some part may be profitably separated.
Ore reserve: The measured quantity and grade of all or part of a mineralized body in a mine or undeveloped mineral deposit for which the mineralization is sufficiently defined and measured on three sides to form the basis of at least a preliminary mine production plan for economically viable mining.
Orogeny: The process of forming mountains by folding and thrusting.
Outcrop: An in situ exposure of bedrock.
Overburden: A general term for any material covering or obscuring rocks from view.
oz/t or opt: Ounces per ton.
Paleozoic: An era of geologic time, from the end of the Precambrian to the beginning of the Mesozoic, or from about 570 to about 225 million years ago.
Phenocrysts: An unusually large crystal in a relatively finer grained matrix.
Pluton: Term for an igneous intrusion, usually formed from magma.
Porphyry: An igneous rock composed of larger crystals set within a finer ground mass.
Pyroclastic rock: A rock of volcanic origin consisting of highly variable mixture of rock fragments, cinders and ashes and bits of crystals and glass.
Quartz monzonite: A course grained, plutonic igneous rock that is normally pale pink, and composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, micas and accessory minerals.
Rare Earth: A group of rare metallic chemical elements with consecutive atomic numbers of 57 to 71.
Reclamation bond: A bond usually required by governmental mining regulations when mechanized work on a property is contemplated. Proceeds of the bond are used to reclaim any workings or put right any damage if reclamation undertaken does not satisfy the requirements of the regulations.
Reserve: That part of a mineral deposit which could be economically extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination.
Reserves: A natural aggregate of one or more minerals which, at a specified time and place, may be mined and sold at a profit, or from which some part may be profitably separated.
Reverse circulation drill: A rotary percussion drill in which the drilling mud and cuttings return to the surface through the drill pipe.
Rhyolite: The fine grained equivalent of a granite.
Royalty interest: A royalty, the calculation and payment of which is tied to some production unit such as tonneton of concentrate or ounce of gold or silver produced. A common form of royalty interest is based on the net smelter return.
Sample: Small amount of material that is supposed to be absolutely typical or representative of the object being sampled.
Sandstone: Composed of sand-sized fragments cemented together. As a rule the fragments contain a high percentage of quartz.
Sedimentary: A rock formed from cemented or compacted sediments.
Sediments: Are composed of the debris resulting from the weathering and breakup of other rocks that have been deposited by or carried to the oceans by rivers, or left over from glacial erosion or sometimes from wind action.
Selvage: A marginal zone, as in a dyke or vein, having some distinctive feature of fabric or composition.
Sericite: A fine-grained variety of mica occurring in small scales, especially in schists.
Shale: An argillaceous rock consisting of silt or clay-sized particles cemented together. Most shales are quite soft, because they contain large amounts of clay minerals.
Silicate: Most rocks are made up of a small number of silicate minerals ranging from quartz (SiO2) to more complex minerals such as orthoclase feldspar (KAlSi3O8) or hornblende (Ca2Na(Mg,Fe)4(Al,Fe,Ti)Si8)22(OH)2).
Sill: Tabular intrusion which is sandwiched between layers in the host rock.
Skarn: A thermally altered impure limestone in which material has been added to the original rock. Skarns are generally characterized by the presence of calcium and silica rich minerals. Many skarns contain sulphide minerals which in some cases can be of economic value.
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Stock: An igneous intrusive body of unknown depth with a surface exposure of less than 104 square kilometres. The sides, or contacts, of a stock, like those of a batholith, are usually steep and broaden with depth.
Stockwork: A mineral deposit consisting of a three-dimensional network of closely spaced planar or irregular veinlets.
Strike: The bearing, or magnetic compass direction, of an imaginary line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane with any planar surface, most commonly with bedding planes or foliation planes in rocks.
Sulphide minerals: A mineral compound characterized by the linkage of sulfur with a metal or semimetal; e.g., galena.
Syncline: A fold in which the bed has been forced down in the middle or up on the sides to form a trough.
Tailings: Material rejected from a mill after recoverable valuable minerals have been extracted.
Tailings pond: A pond where tailings are disposed of.
Tonne: Metric ton – 1,000 kilograms – equivalent to 1.1023 tons.
Triassic: Geological time period between 225 and 195 million years ago.
Veins: The mineral deposits that are found filling openings in rocks created by faults or replacing rocks on either side of faults.
Vuggy silica: In a high sulphidation epithermal environment, the highly acidic waters have dissolved everything but silica resulting in a highly porous and pox marker rock which is a good host for gold deposition. It is an indicator mineralization typical of epithermal rocks.
Waste: Rock which is not ore. Usually referred to that rock which has to be removed during the normal course of mining in order to get at the ore.
Glossary of Abbreviations
Ag: Silver
Ag gm/g/t: Silver grade measured in grams per metric tonneton
Converts to ounces per ton by dividing by 34.286
Au: Gold
Au gm/g/t: Gold grade measured in grams per metric tonneton
Converts to ounces per ton by dividing by 34.286
Cu: Copper
g/t: grams per tonne
IP: Induced Polarization geophysical survey
masl: meters above sea level
NSR: net smelter returnreturns royalty
Oz: Troy ounce
QA/QC: Quality Assurance/Quality Control
tpd: Tonnes per day
ton: Short ton (2,000 pounds)
tonne: Metric ton (1000 kilograms - 2204.62 pounds)
NOTES CONCERNING TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO RESOURCES AND RESERVES
Please see “CAUTIONARY"CAUTIONARY NOTE TO U.S. INVESTORS REGARDING MINERAL RESOURCE AND
MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES,”" below.
The terms "mineral resource", "measured mineral resource", "indicated mineral resource", "inferred mineral resource", “mineral reserve”"mineral reserve", “probable"probable mineral reserve”reserve" and “proven"proven mineral reserve”reserve" used in this Annual Report are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects under the guidelines set out in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the "CIM") Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council. On November 14, 2004, and November 27, 2010 and May 10, 2014, CIM Council adopted an update to the CIM Definition Standards to reflect the more detailed guidance available and effect certain editorial changes required to maintain consistency with current regulations. This version of the CIM Definition Standards includes further editorial changes required to maintain compatibility with the new version of National Instrument 43-101 which became Canadian law in 2011. The CIM Definition Standards can be viewed on the CIM website at www.cim.org. In accordance with Industry Guide 7, Description of Property by Issuers Engaged or to be Engaged in Significant Mining Operations, issued by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, (“SEC”), a reserve is termed a “mineral deposit”"mineral deposit".
Definitions
Qualified Person
Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates and resulting technical reports under NI 43-101 must be prepared by or under the direction of, and dated and signed by, a Qualified Person. A “Qualified Person”"Qualified Person" means an individual who is an engineer or geoscientist with a university degree, or equivalent accreditation, with at least five years of experience in mineral exploration, mine development or operation or mineral project assessment, or any combination of these; has experience relevant to the subject matter of the mineral project and the technical report; and is a member or licensee in good standing of a professional association. The Qualified Person(s) should be clearly satisfied that they could face their peers and demonstrate competence and relevant experience in the commodity, type of deposit and situation under consideration. If doubt exists, the person must either seek or obtain opinions from other colleagues or demonstrate that he or she has obtained assistance from experts in areas where he or she lacked the necessary expertise. Determination of what constitutes relevant experience can be a difficult area and common sense has to be exercised. For example, in estimating Mineral Resources for vein gold mineralization, experience in a high-nugget, vein-type mineralization such as tin, uranium etc. should be relevant whereas experience in massive base metal deposits may not be. As a second example, for a person to qualify as a Qualified Person in the estimation of Mineral Reserves for alluvial gold deposits, he or she would need to have relevant experience in the evaluation and extraction of such deposits. Experience with placer deposits containing minerals other than gold, may not necessarily provide appropriate relevant experience for gold. In addition to experience in the style of mineralization, a Qualified Person preparing or taking responsibility for Mineral Resource estimates must have sufficient experience in the sampling, assaying, or other property testing techniques that are relevant to the deposit under consideration in order to be aware of problems that could affect the reliability of the data. Some appreciation of extraction and processing techniques applicable to that deposit type might also be important.
Estimation of Mineral Resources is often a team effort, for example, involving one person or team collecting the data and another person or team preparing the Mineral Resource estimate. Within this team, geologists usually occupy the pivotal role. Estimation of Mineral Reserves is almost always a team effort involving a number of technical disciplines, and within this team mining engineers have an important role. Documentation for a Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimate must be compiled by, or under the supervision of, a Qualified Person(s), whether a geologist, mining engineer or member of another discipline. It is recommended that, where there is a clear division of responsibilities within a team, each Qualified Person should accept responsibility for his or her particular contribution. For example, one Qualified Person could accept responsibility for the collection of Mineral Resource data, another for the Mineral Reserve estimation process, another for the mining study, and the project leader could accept responsibility for the overall document. It is important that the Qualified Person accepting overall responsibility for a Mineral Resource and/or Mineral Reserve estimate and supporting documentation, which has been prepared in whole or in part by others, is satisfied that the other contributors are Qualified Persons with respect to the work for which they are taking responsibility and that such persons are provided adequate documentation.
Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA)
A study, other than a pre-feasibilityPre-Feasibility or feasibility study,Feasibility Study, that includes an economic analysis of the potential viability of mineral resources.
Preliminary Feasibility Study (Pre-Feasibility Study)
The CIM Definition Standards requires the completion of a Preliminary Feasibility Study as the minimum prerequisite for the conversion of Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves.
A Preliminary Feasibility Study is a comprehensive study of a range of options for the technical and economic viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage where a preferred mining method, in the case of underground mining, or the pit configuration, in the case of an open pit, is established and an effective method of mineral processing is determined. It includes a financial analysis based on reasonable assumptions on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental considerations and the evaluation of any other relevant factors which are sufficient for a Qualified Person, acting reasonably, to determine if all or part of the Mineral Resource may be classified as a Mineral Reserve.
Feasibility Study
A Feasibility Study is a comprehensive technical and economic study of the selected development option for a mineral project that includes appropriately detailed assessments of realistically assumed mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental considerations together with any other relevant operational factors and detailed financial analysis, that are necessary to demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified (economically mineable). The results of the study may reasonably serve as the basis for a final decision by a proponent or financial institution to proceed with, or finance, the development of the project. The confidence level of the study will be higher than that of a Pre-Feasibility Study.
Exploration Information
Exploration information means geological, geophysical, geochemical, sampling, drilling, trenching, analytical testing, assaying, mineralogical, metallurgical and other similar information concerning a particular property that is derived from activities undertaken to locate, investigate, define or delineate a mineral prospect or mineral deposit. It is recognisedrecognized that in the review and compilation of data on a project or property, previous or historical estimates of tonnage and grade, not meeting the minimum requirement for classification as Mineral Resource, may be encountered. If a Qualified Person reports Exploration Information in the form of tonnage and grade, it must be clearly stated that these estimates are conceptual or order of magnitude and that they do not meet the criteria of a Mineral Resource.
Mineral Resource
Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applied to an Indicated Mineral Resource. An Indicated Mineral Resource has a higher level of confidence than an Inferred Mineral Resource but has a lower level of confidence than a Measured Mineral Resource. A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of diamonds, natural solid inorganic material, or natural solid fossilized organic material including base and precious metals, coal, and industrial minerals in or on the Earth’sEarth's crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. The term Mineral Resource covers mineralization and natural material of intrinsic economic interest which has been identified and estimated through exploration and sampling and within which Mineral Reserves may subsequently be defined by the consideration and application of technical, economic, legal, environmental, socio-economic and governmental factors. The phrase “reasonable"reasonable prospects for economic extraction”extraction" implies a judgementjudgment by the Qualified Person in respect of the technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction. A Mineral Resource is an inventory of mineralization that under realistically assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions might become economically extractable. These assumptions must be presented explicitly in both public and technical reports.
Inferred Mineral Resource
An “Inferred"Inferred Mineral Resource”Resource" is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. Due to the uncertainty that may be attached to Inferred Mineral Resources, it cannot be assumed that all or any part of an Inferred Mineral Resource will be upgraded to an Indicated or Measured Mineral Resource as a result of continued exploration. Confidence in the estimate is insufficient to allow the meaningful application of technical and economic parameters or to enable an evaluation of economic viability worthy of public disclosure. Inferred Mineral Resources must be excluded from estimates forming the basis of feasibility or other economic studies.
Indicated Mineral Resource
An “Indicated"Indicated Mineral Resource”Resource" is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed. Mineralization may be classified as an Indicated Mineral Resource by the Qualified Person when the nature, quality, quantity and distribution of data are such as to allow confident interpretation of the geological framework and to reasonably assume the continuity of mineralization. The Qualified Person must recognize the importance of the Indicated Mineral Resource category to the advancement of the feasibility of the project. An Indicated Mineral Resource estimate is of sufficient quality to support a Preliminary Feasibility Study which can serve as the basis for major development decisions.
Measured Mineral Resource
A “Measured"Measured Mineral Resource”Resource" is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity. Mineralization or other natural material of economic interest may be classified as a Measured Mineral Resource by the Qualified Person when the nature, quality, quantity and distribution of data are such that the tonnage and grade of the mineralization can be estimated to within close limits and that variation from the estimate would not significantly affect potential economic viability. This category requires a high level of confidence in, and understanding of, the geology and controls of the mineral deposit.
Mineral Reserve
Mineral Reserves are sub-divided in order of increasing confidence into Probable Mineral Reserves and Proven Mineral Reserves. A Probable Mineral Reserve has a lower level of confidence than a Proven Mineral Reserve.
A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A Mineral Reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined. Mineral Reserves are those parts of Mineral Resources which, after the application of all mining factors, result in an estimated tonnage and grade which, in the opinion of the Qualified Person(s) making the estimates, is the basis of an economically viable project after taking account of all relevant processing, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environment, socio-economic and government factors. Mineral Reserves are inclusive of diluting material that will be mined in conjunction with the Mineral Reserves and delivered to the treatment plant or equivalent facility. The term “Mineral Reserve”"Mineral Reserve" need not necessarily signify that extraction facilities are in place or operative or that all governmental approvals have been received. It does signify that there are reasonable expectations of such approvals.
Probable Mineral Reserve
A “Probable"Probable Mineral Reserve”Reserve" is the economically mineable part of an Indicated and, in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified.
Proven Mineral Reserve
A “Proven"Proven Mineral Reserve”Reserve" is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified. Application of the Proven Mineral Reserve category implies that the Qualified Person has the highest degree of confidence in the estimate with the consequent expectation in the minds of the readers of the report. The term should be restricted to that part of the deposit where production planning is taking place and for which any variation in the estimate would not significantly affect potential economic viability.
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO U.S. INVESTORS REGARDING MINERAL RESOURCE AND
MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES
As used in this Annual Report on Form 20-F, the terms “Mineral"Mineral Reserve,” “Proven" "Proven Mineral Reserve”Reserve" and “Probable"Probable Mineral Reserve”Reserve" are Canadian mining terms defined in accordance with NI 43-101 and the CIM Standards. These definitions differ from the definitions in SEC Industry Guide 7 under the U.S. Securities Act. Under SEC Industry Guide 7, a reserve is defined as that part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time the reserve determination is made. The terms “Mineral"Mineral Resource,” “Measured" "Measured Mineral Resource,” “Indicated" "Indicated Mineral Resource”Resource" and “Inferred"Inferred Mineral Resource”Resource" are defined in and required to be used by NI 43-101. However, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all, or any part, of a mineral deposit in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. “Indicated"Indicated Mineral Resource”Resource" and “Inferred"Inferred Mineral Resource”Resource" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all, or any part, of an Indicated Mineral Resource or an Inferred Mineral Resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources may not form the basis of Feasibility or Preliminary Feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all, or any part, of an Inferred Mineral Resource exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of “contained ounces”"contained ounces" in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations. However, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves”"reserves" by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures. Accordingly, information contained in this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the exhibits filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein contain descriptions of mineral deposits that may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Further, the term “mineralized material”"mineralized material" as used in this Annual Report on Form 20-F does not indicate “reserves”"reserves" by SEC standards. We cannot be certain that mineralized material will ever be confirmed or converted into SEC Industry Guide 7 compliant "reserves". Investors are cautioned not to assume that mineralized material will ever be confirmed or converted into reserves or that mineralized material can be economically or legally extracted.
Conversion Table
Metric / Imperial
1.0 millimetremillimeter (mm) = 0.039 inches (in)
1.0 metremeter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft)
1.0 kilometrekilometer (km) = 0.621 miles (mi)
1.0 hectare (ha) = 2.471 acres (ac)
1.0 gram (g) = 0.032 troy ounces (oz)
1.0 metric tonne (t) = 1.102 short tons (ton)
1.0 g/t = 0.029 oz/ton
Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar ($) amounts referred to herein are in Canadian dollars.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Forward-looking statements and other information contained herein concerning the mining industry and the Company's expectations concerning the mining industry are based on estimates prepared by the Company using data from publicly available sources as well as from market research and industry analysis and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry which the Company believes to be reasonable. However, this data is inherently imprecise, although generally indicative of relative market positions, market shares and performance characteristics. While the Company is not aware of any misstatements regarding any mining industry data presented herein, the industry involves risks and uncertainties and is subject to change based on various factors.
Certain historical and forward-looking information contained in this Annual Report on Form 20-F has been provided by, or derived from information provided by, certain persons other than the Company. Although the Company does not have any knowledge that would indicate that any such information is untrue or incomplete, the Company assumes no responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of such information or the failure by such other persons to disclose events which may have occurred or may affect the completeness or accuracy of such information but which is unknown to the Company.
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Please consult the Company’sCompany's public filings at www.sec.gov for further, more detailed information concerning these matters.
PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors
Not applicable
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable
Item 3. Key Information
The following selected financial data of the Company for Fiscal 2013,2016, Fiscal 20122015 and Fiscal 20112014 ended December 31st was derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company included elsewhere in this 20-F Annual Report. The selected financial data set forth for Fiscal 20102013 and Fiscal 20092012 ended December 31st are derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements, not included herein. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other information included immediately following the text of this Annual Report.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance and compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”("IFRS").
The basis of preparation is described in Note 2 to ourof the consolidated financial statements.
| Table No. 1 | ||||||||||
| Selected Financial Data | ||||||||||
| International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") | ||||||||||
| (expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share data) | ||||||||||
| Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | ||||||
| Ended | Ended | Ended | Ended | Ended | ||||||
| 12/31/2016 | 12/31/2015 | 12/31/2014 | 12/31/2013 | 12/31/2012 | ||||||
| Revenues | $ - | $ - | $ - | $220 | $299 | |||||
| Other Income (loss) | 444 | 2,711 | (9,496) | - | - | |||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | (4,024) | (1,145) | (14,701) | (6,357) | (10,238) | |||||
| Basic net (loss) income per common share | (0) | (0) | (0) | (0) | (0) | |||||
| Diluted net (loss) income per common share | (0) | (0) | (0) | (0) | (0) | |||||
| Weighted average shares (000) | 82,323 | 73,249 | 66,331 | 62,055 | 59,350 | |||||
| Working capital | 9,293 | 5,808 | 9,172 | 12,676 | 19,475 | |||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | 36,962 | 30,538 | 28,645 | 24,447 | 16,609 | |||||
| Net assets | 45,221 | 35,983 | 39,637 | 47,891 | 48,071 | |||||
| Total assets | 47,514 | 38,215 | 42,019 | 48,988 | 49,132 | |||||
| Capital stock | 95,290 | 83,758 | 87,084 | 81,151 | 75,238 | |||||
| Dividends declared per share | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | ||||||||||||||||
| Ended | Ended | Ended | Ended | Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| 12/31/2013 | 12/31/2012 | 12/31/2011 | 12/31/2010 | 12/31/2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 220 | $ | 299 | $ | 249 | $ | 234 | $ | 2,441 | ||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | (6,357 | ) | (10,238 | ) | 7,295 | (3,465 | ) | (2,286 | ) | |||||||||||
| Basic net (loss) income per common share | (0.10 | ) | (0.17 | ) | 0.13 | (0.07 | ) | (0.05 | ) | |||||||||||
| Diluted net (loss) income per common share | (0.10 | ) | (0.17 | ) | 0.12 | (0.07 | ) | (0.05 | ) | |||||||||||
| Weighted average shares (000) | 62,055 | 59,350 | 57,269 | 51,188 | 45,847 | |||||||||||||||
| Working capital | 12,676 | 19,475 | 30,513 | 29,187 | 14,530 | |||||||||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | 24,447 | 16,609 | 10,470 | 4,439 | 8,417 | |||||||||||||||
| Net assets | 47,891 | 48,071 | 53,340 | 35,694 | 25,171 | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 48,988 | 49,132 | 53,905 | 36,343 | 25,659 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital stock | 81,151 | 75,238 | 73,354 | 62,854 | 50,878 | |||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared per share | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Canadian/U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates
In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars (CDN$).
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Table No. 2 sets forth the exchange rate for the Canadian dollars at the end of the five most recent fiscal periods ended at December 31st, the average rates for the period, the range of high and low rates and the close for the period. Table No. 3 sets forth the range of high and low rates for each month during the previous six months.
For purposes of this table, the rate of exchange means the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The table sets forth the number of Canadian Dollars required under that formula to buy one U.S. Dollar. The average rate means the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the period.
Table No. 2
Canadian Dollar/U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates for Five Most Recent Financial Years
| Average | High | Low | Close | |
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2013 | $1.03 | $1.07 | $0.98 | $1.06 |
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2012 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.00 |
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2011 | 0.99 | 1.06 | 0.94 | 1.02 |
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2010 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2009 | 1.14 | 1.30 | 1.03 | 1.05 |
| Average | High | Low | Close | |||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2016 | $1.32 | $1.46 | $1.25 | $1.34 | ||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2015 | 1.28 | 1.40 | 1.17 | 1.38 | ||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2014 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 1.16 | ||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2013 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 0.98 | 1.06 | ||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2012 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.00 |
Table No. 3
Canadian Dollar/U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates for Previous Six Months
September 2013 | October 2013 | November 2013 | December 2013 | January 2014 | February 2014 | September 2016 | October 2016 | November 2016 | December 2016 | January 2017 | February 2017 | |||||||
| High | $1.05 | $1.06 | $1.07 | $1.12 | $1.11 | $1.32 | $1.34 | $1.36 | $1.36 | $1.34 | $1.32 | |||||||
| Low | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.10 | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.33 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.30 | |||||||
The exchange rate was $1.12$1.34 on March 21, 2014.28, 2017.
Risk Factors
General Risk Factors Attendant to Resource Exploration and Development
Resource exploration and development is a speculative business, characterized by a number of significant risks including, among other things, unprofitable efforts resulting not only from the failure to discover mineral deposits but from finding mineral deposits which, though present, are insufficient in quantity and quality to return a profit from production. The marketability of minerals acquired or discovered by the Company may be affected by numerous factors which are beyond the control of the Company and which cannot be accurately predicted, such as market fluctuations, the proximity and capacity of milling facilities, mineral markets and processing equipment, and such other factors as government regulations, including regulations relating to royalties, allowable production, importing and exporting of minerals, and environment protection, the combination of which factors may result in the Company not receiving an adequate return on investment capital.
Presently, the Company is in the exploration and development stage and there is no assurance that a commercially viable ore deposit (a reserve) exists in any of its properties or prospects until further exploration work is done and a comprehensive economic evaluation based upon that work is concluded. The Company has financed its operations principally through the sale of equity securities, entering into joint venture arrangements and the sale of its inventory of gold. The recoverability of mineral properties is dependent on the establishment of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain the necessary financing to complete development and ultimately upon future profitable production or the realization of proceeds from the disposition of the properties.
Uncertainty in Discovering Commercially Mineable Ore Deposits
There is no certainty that the expenditures to be made by the Company in the exploration of its properties and prospects as described herein will result in discoveries of mineralized material in commercial quantities. Most exploration projects do not result in the discovery of commercially mineable ore deposits and no assurance can be given that any particular level of recovery of ore reserves will in fact be realized or that any identified mineral deposit will ever qualify as a commercially mineable (or viable) ore body which can be legally and economically exploited. Estimates of reserves, mineral deposits and production costs can also be affected by such factors as environmental permitting regulations and requirements, weather, environmental factors, unforeseen technical difficulties, unusual or unexpected geological formations and work interruptions. In addition, the grade of ore ultimately mined may differ from that indicated by drilling results. Short term factors relating to ore reserves, such as the need for orderly development of ore bodies or the processing of new or different grades, may also have an adverse effect on mining operations and on the results of operations. There can be no assurance that minerals recovered in small-scale tests will be duplicated in large-scale tests under on-site conditions or in production scale. Material changes in ore reserves, grades, stripping ratios or recovery rates may affect the economic viability of any project.
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History of Net Losses, Lack of Cash Flow and Assurance of Profitability
The Company had net losses in a number of years since its date of incorporation. Due to the nature of the Company’sCompany's business, there can be no assurance that the Company will be profitable. The Company had net losses of $6,356,609$4,023,504 in Fiscal 2013, $10,238,3772016, $1,144,525 in Fiscal 20122015, and net income of $7,294,858$14,982,667 in Fiscal 2011.2014.
The Company currently has no revenues from operations as all of its properties and prospects are in the exploration stage. There is no assurance that the Company will receive revenues from operations at any time in the near future. During Fiscal 2013, revenue consisted of2016 and Fiscal 2015, the Company earned interest income and other income from Administrative service fees charged to Almadex Minerals Limited ("Almadex"). During Fiscal 2014, the Company earned interest and other income from office rental, and a royalty payment from Gold Mountain Mining Corporation ("Gold Mountain") from the Elk property. During Fiscal 2012 and Fiscal 2011, revenue consisted of interest and other income from office rentalproperty and contract exploration services provided to third parties.
The Company has not paid dividends on theirits shares since incorporation and the Company does not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. The only source of funds available to the Company is through the sale of its inventory of gold, the sale of its equity shares and proceeds from sale of mineral properties. Any future additional equity financing would cause dilution to current stockholders.
Uncertainty of Obtaining Additional Funding Requirements
If the Company’sCompany's exploration and development programs are successful, additional capital will be required for the further development of an economic ore body and to place it in commercial production. The only material sources of future funds presently available to the Company are the sale of its inventoryequity capital, the incurring of gold, sale of equity capitaldebt, or the offering by the Company of an interest in its properties and prospects to be earned by another party or parties carrying out further development thereof.
Failure to obtain additional financing on a timely basis could cause the Company to forfeit its interest in such properties, dilute its interests in the properties and/or reduce or terminate its operations.
Possible Dilution to Present and Prospective Shareholders
The Company’sCompany's plan of operation, in part, contemplates the financing of the conduct of its business by the issuance, for cash, of equity securities of the Company or incurring debt, or a combination of the two. Any transaction involving the issuance of previously authorized but unissued shares of common stock, or securities convertible into common stock, would result in dilution, possibly substantial, to present and prospective holders of common stock. The Company usually seekscould also seek joint venture partners to fund in whole or in part exploration projects. This dilutesfunding sources such as royalties or streaming transactions. These approaches would dilute the Company’sCompany's interest in properties it has acquired.
Mineral Prices May Not Support Corporate Profit
The mining industry in general is intensely competitive and there is no assurance that, even if commercial quantities of mineral resources are developed, a profitable market will exist for the sale of same. Factors beyond the control of the Company may affect the marketability of any substances discovered. The price of minerals is volatile over short periods of time, and is affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including international economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates and global or regional consumption patterns, speculative activities and increased production due to improved mining techniques. Material changes in mineral prices may affect the economic viability of any project.
Environmental Regulations
The current and anticipated future operations of the Company, including development activities and commencement of production on its properties, require permits from various federal, territorial and local governmental authorities and such operations are and will be governed by laws and regulations governing prospecting, development, mining, production, exports, taxes, labor standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety and other matters. Companies engaged in the development and operation of mines and related facilities generally experience increased costs, and delays in production and other schedules as a result of the need to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits. Such operations and exploration activities are also subject to substantial regulation under these laws by governmental agencies and may require that the Company obtain permits from various governmental agencies. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with all material laws and regulations which currently apply to its activities. There can be no assurance, however, that all permits which the Company may require for construction of mining facilities and conduct of mining operations will be obtainable on reasonable terms or that such laws and regulations, or that new legislation or modifications to existing legislation, would not have an adverse effect on any exploration or mining project which the Company might undertake.
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Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. Parties engaged in exploration and mining operations may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violation of applicable laws or regulations.
The enactment of new laws or amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of mining companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on the Company and cause increases in capital expenditures or production costs or reduction in levels of production at producing properties or require abandonment or delays in development of new mining properties.
No Guarantee of Title to Mineral Properties
While the Company has investigated title to all of its mineral properties and prospects, and, to the best of its knowledge, title to all of its properties and prospects in which it has the right to acquire or earn an interest are in good standing as of the date of this Annual Report, this should not be construed as a guarantee of title. The properties and prospects may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers unknown to the Company and title may be affected by undetected defects, e.g. defects in staking or acquisition process.
If title is disputed, the Company will have to defend its ownership through the courts, which would likely be an expensive and protracted process and have a negative effect on the Company’sCompany's operations and financial condition. In the event of an adverse judgment, the Company could lose its property rights.
Volatility of Share Price
Market prices for shares of early stage companies are often volatile. Factors such as announcements of mineral discoveries, exploration and financial results, and other factors could have a significant effect on the price of the Company’sCompany's shares.
Material Risk of Dilution Presented by Large Number of Outstanding Share Purchase Options and Warrants
As of March 28, 20142017 there were share purchase options outstanding allowing the holders of these options to purchase 6,195,0008,055,000 shares of common stock and warrants allowing the holders of these warrants to purchase 4,562,0004,874,767 shares of common stock. Directors and officers of the Company hold 5,210,0006,687,000 of these share purchase options and 76,000300,000 of these warrants. An additional 985,0001,368,000 share purchase options are held by employees and consultants of the Company. Given the fact that as of March 28, 20142017 there were 64,578,32189,805,481 shares of common stock outstanding, the exercise of all of the existing share purchase options and warrants would result in further dilution to the existing shareholders and could depress the price of the Company’sCompany's shares. The exercise of all outstanding share purchase options and warrants would cause the number of issued and outstanding common shares to rise 16.7%14.4%.
No Proven Reserves
The properties and prospects in which the Company has an interest or the properties in which the Company has the right to earn an interest are in the exploratoryexploration and development stage only, are without a known body of economically viable ore and are not in commercial production. If the Company does not ultimately find a body of economically recoverable ore, it would either have to acquire additional exploration projects, or terminate is operations.
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Uncertainty of Reserves and Mineralization Estimates
There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating proven and probable reserves and mineralization, including many factors beyond the control of the Company. The estimation of reserves and mineralization is a subjective process and the accuracy of any such estimates is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgement.judgment. Results of drilling, metallurgical testing and production and the evaluation of mine plans subsequent to the date of any estimate may justify revision of such estimates. No assurances can be given that the volume and grade of reserves recovered and rates of production will not be less than anticipated. Assumptions about prices are subject to greater uncertainty and metals prices have fluctuated widely in the past. Declines in the market price of base or precious metals also may render reserves or mineralization containing relatively lower grades of ore uneconomic to exploit. Changes in operating and capital costs and other factors including, but not limitinglimited to, short-term operating factors such as the need for sequential development of ore bodies and the processing of new or different ore grades, may materially and adversely affect reserves.
Changes to Mexican Mining Taxes
In October 2013, the Mexican Congress approved a package of tax reforms which included significant changes to the country’scountry's mining royalties and tax structure. These new laws havehad an effective date of January 1, 2014. The changes include a 7.5% special mining royalty on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EDITDA”("EBITDA") and an additional 0.5% royalty on gross revenues from precious metal production. The new law also increases annual taxes on certain inactive exploration concessions by 5050% to 100%. These changes may result in increased holding costs to the Company for its existing mineral concessions. The new taxes and royalties may also materially and adversely affect the potential to define economic reserves on any Mexican properties and result in the Company’sCompany's Mexican properties being less attractive to potential optionees or joint-venture partners.
Foreign Incorporation and Civil Liabilities
The Company was created under amalgamation under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, Canada. All of the Company’sCompany's directors and officers are residents of Canada and substantially all of the Company’sCompany's assets and its subsidiaries are located outside the U.S. Consequently, it may be difficult for U.S. investors to affect service of process in the U.S. upon those directors and officers who are not residents of the U.S., or to realize in the U.S. upon judgementsjudgments of U.S. courts predicated upon civil liabilities under applicable U.S. laws.
Conflict of Interest
Some of the Company’sCompany's directors and officers are directors and officers of other natural resource or mining-related companies. Duane Poliquin, and Morgan Poliquin, John McCleary, Mark Brown, William Worrall, Douglas McDonald, and Korm Trieu also serve as directors and/or officers of Gold Mountain Mining Corporation. Joseph Montgomery also serves as a director of Infrastructure Materials Corp. and Cosigo Resources Inc.Almadex Minerals Limited. Gerald Carlson also serves a director and as Vice-President of Explorationthe President and CEO of Pacific Ridge Exploration Ltd. and a director of Golden Peak Minerals Inc. Barry Smee also serves as a director of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. Mark Brown also serves as a director of Galileo Petroleum Ltd, and CFOas the President, CEO and a director of Big Sky Petroleum CorporationCorporation. He also serves as Executive Chairman of Alianza Minerals Ltd., and Tarsis Resourcesdirector and/or officer of Avrupa Minerals Ltd. He, Strategem Capital Corp., Paget Minerals Corp, Sutter Gold Mining Ltd., Affinor Growers Ltd. and Adamera Minerals Corp. David Strang also serves as a director, CEO and President of Avrupa Minerals Ltd., Estrella Gold Corporation, Galileo Petroleum Ltd., Animas Resources Ltd., Strategem Capital Corp. and Sutter Gold Mining Ltd.Ero Copper Corporation. These associations may give rise from time to time to conflicts of interest, as a result of which, the Company may miss the opportunity to participate in certain transactions.
Foreign Operations
The Company currently has exploration projects located in Mexico and the U.S.Mexico. The Company’sCompany's foreign activities are subject to the risk normally associated with conducting business in foreign countries, including exchange controls and currency fluctuations, limitations on repatriation of earnings, foreign taxation, laws or policies of particular countries, labor practices and disputes, and uncertain political and economic environments, as well as risks of war and civil disturbances, or other risk that could cause exploration or development difficulties or stoppages, restrict the movement of funds or result in the deprivation or loss of contract rights or the taking of property by nationalization or expropriation without fair compensation. Foreign operations could also be adversely impacted by laws and policies of the U.S. affecting foreign trade, investment and taxation.
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Foreign Currency Fluctuations
At the present time, some of the Company’sCompany's activities are carried on outside of Canada. Accordingly, it is subject to risks associated with fluctuations of the rate of exchange between the Canadian dollar and foreign currencies.
The Company is currently not engaged in currency hedging to offset any risk of exchange rate fluctuation and currently has no plans to engage in currency hedging.
Operating Hazards and Risks Associated with the Mining Industry
Mining operations generally involve a high degree of risk, which even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to overcome. Hazards such as unusual or unexpected geological formations and other conditions are involved. Operations in which the Company has a direct or indirect interest will be subject to all the hazards and risks normally incidental to exploration, development and production of minerals, any of which could result in work stoppages, damage to or destruction of mines and other producing facilities, damage to or loss of life and property, environmental damage and possible legal liability for any or all damage or loss. The Company may become subject to liability for cave-ins and other hazards for which it cannot insure or against which it may elect not to insure where premium costs are disproportionate to the Company’sCompany's perception of the relevant risks. The payment of such insurance premiums and the incurring of such liabilities would reduce the funds available for exploration activities.
The Ability to Manage Growth
Should the Company be successful in its efforts to develop its mineral properties or to raise capital for such development or for the development of other mining ventures it will experience significant growth in operations. If this occurs management anticipates that additional expansion will be required in order to continue development. Any expansion of the Company’sCompany's business would place further demands on its management, operational capacity and financial resources. The Company anticipates that it will need to recruit qualified personnel in all areas of its operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be effective in retaining its current personnel or attracting and retaining additional qualified personnel, expanding its operational capacity or otherwise managing growth. The failure to manage growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Lack of a Dividend Policy
The Company does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, as any earnings are expected to be retained for use in developing and expanding its business. However, the actual amount of dividends which the Company may pay will remain subject to the discretion of the Company’sCompany's Board of Directors and will depend on results of operations, cash requirements and future prospects of the Company and other factors.
Competition
There is competition from other mining exploration companies with operations similar to those of the Company's. Many of the mining companies with which the Company competes have operations and financial strength many times greater than that of the Company. Such competitors could outbid the Company for such projects, equipment or personnel, or produce minerals at a lower cost which would have a negative effect on the Company’sCompany's operations and financial condition.
Dependence on Key Personnel
The Company depends highly on the business and technical expertise of its management and key personnel, in particular, Duane Poliquin and Morgan Poliquin. There is little possibility that this dependence will decrease in the near term. As the Company’sCompany's operations expand, additional general management resources willmay be required, especially since the Company encounters risks that are inherent in doing business in several countries.required. The Company maintains no “Key Man”"Key Man" insurance coverage, and the loss or unavailability of any of its key personnel could have a negative effect on the Company’sCompany's ability to operate effectively.
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Item 4. Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company
The head office of the CompanyRegistrant (sometimes referred to in this Annual Report on Form 20-F as "Almaden" or the "Company") is located at 750 West Pender1333 Johnston Street, Suite 1103,210, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 2T8.V6H 3R9. The registered and records office of the Company is 1177 West Hastings Street, Suite 1710, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6E 2L3.
The contact persons are Duane Poliquin, Chairman and Morgan Poliquin, President. The telephone number is (604) 689-7644. The fax number is (604) 689-7645. The email address is info@almadenminerals.com. The web-site address is www.almadenminerals.com.
The Company was formed by amalgamation under the laws of the Province of British Columbia of its predecessor companies, Almaden Resources Corporation and Fairfield Minerals Ltd. on February 1, 2002. The Company operates under the laws of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).
Effective July 31, 2015, the Company effected a corporate reorganization pursuant to a statutory plan of arrangement ("Plan of Arrangement") involving the Company's then wholly owned subsidiary, Almadex Minerals Limited ("Almadex"), as described below.
The Company’sCompany's common shares began trading on The Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”("TSX") under the symbol “AMM”"AMM" on February 11, 2002 and on the NYSE MKT, under the symbol “AAU”"AAU" on December 19, 2005. Almaden Resources Corporation’sCorporation's initial public offering on the Vancouver Stock Exchange was pursuant to a prospectus dated October 10, 1986. The shares of Fairfield Minerals Ltd. began trading on the Vancouver Stock Exchange on July 18, 1986 and on The Toronto Stock Exchange on May 21, 1990.
There have been no public takeover offers by third parties in respect of the Company’sCompany's shares and the Company has made no public takeover offers in respect of any other company’scompany's shares.
Organizational Structure
The Company currently has tentwo wholly-owned subsidiaries that were formed to hold properties in their respective jurisdictions. These subsidiaries are:
| Subsidiaries | Jurisdiction | Nature of operations | |
| Puebla Holdings Inc. | Canada | holding company | |
| Minera Gorrion, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company |
The Company formerly had an additional eight wholly-owned subsidiaries. However, during Fiscal 2015, these subsidiaries were spun out to Almadex as part of the Plan of Arrangement as described below. The eight formerly wholly-owned subsidiaries are:
| Former Subsidiaries | Jurisdiction | Nature of operations | |
| Almaden America Inc. | USA | exploration company | |
| Republic Resources Ltd. | Canada | service | |
| Ixtaca Precious Metals Inc. | Canada | holding company | |
| Pangeon Holdings Ltd. | Canada | holding company | |
| Almaden de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company | |
| Minera Gavilan, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company | |
| Compania Minera Zapata, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company | |
| Minera | |||
| Mexico | holding company |
Business of the Company
The Company is engaged in the business of the acquisition, exploration and when warranted, development of mineral properties. The Company currently has material property interests in Canada, U.S. and Mexico. None of theThe Company's property interests are beyondat the exploration and development stage. Presently there is no assurance that any of the Company's mining properties or prospects contains a commercially viable ore body (reserve) until further exploration work is done and final feasibilityat a minimum, a pre-feasibility study based upon such work is concluded. The Company is in the exploration stage and has not generated any revenues from operations.
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Corporate Reorganization
The Company entered into an Arrangement Agreement dated May 11, 2015 involving the spinout, pursuant to a statutory Plan of Arrangement, of Almaden's early stage exploration projects, royalty interests and other non-core assets into a new public Company called Almadex, which trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol "AMZ" and the OTCQB marketplace under the symbol "AXDDF". Almadex would hold the following key assets:
| · | a 100% interest in the El Cobre copper-gold porphyry exploration project in Mexico and the Willow copper-gold porphyry exploration project in Nevada, in addition to a portfolio of 20 other exploration projects, many of which are located in eastern Mexico in geological environments similar to the Company's recent Ixtaca and Caballo Blanco discoveries; |
| · | a 2% NSR on the Company's Tuligtic property in Mexico, which hosts the Company's Ixtaca gold-silver development project; |
| · | a 1.5% NSR on the Caballo Blanco gold deposit in Mexico, a development project operated by Timmins Gold Corp.; |
| · | a 2% NSR on the Elk gold deposit in Canada, an advanced exploration project operated by JDL Gold Corp. (formerly Gold Mountain Mining Corp.); |
| · | a portfolio of 21 additional NSRs on exploration projects in Mexico, Canada and the United States identified through the Company's past prospect generator activities; |
| · | equity holdings in several publicly-listed companies; |
| · | 1,597 ounces of gold bullion; and |
| · | approximately $3 million in cash. |
On July 31, 2015, all conditions to the statutory Plan of Arrangement regarding the spinout were satisfied or waived and the spinout was effective. Almaden's shareholders approved the Plan of Arrangement and exchanged their existing common shares of Almaden for one "new" Almaden common share and 0.6 common share of Almadex.
The Company has also entered into an Administrative Services Agreement with Almadex dated May 15, 2015, as amended by First Amending Agreement dated December 16, 2015 (the "Agreement"). Under the Agreement, the Company is the sole and exclusive manager of Almadex, and provides Almadex with general management services and day-to-day operation of Almadex. These services include:
| · | Office space; |
| · | Executive personnel and human resources; |
| · | Geological technical support; and |
| · | Accounting and financial services. |
Almadex compensates the Company 30% of the Company's actual monthly cost of rent for any shared facilities, and 30% of any shared personnel's fees and/or wages. Almadex pays the Company any reasonable fees or costs incurred on behalf of Almadex by the Company which were approved by Almadex.
The Agreement has an initial 5-year term, with subsequent automatic 1 year renewals unless terminated pursuant to the terms permitted under the Agreement. The Agreement includes a Change of Control clause. If either party is subject to a Change of Control during the term of the Agreement, the Agreement shall automatically terminate within 48 hours of the Change of Control unless agreed to in writing by both parties. The target of the Change of Control shall then pay the other party $2 million as compensation for the unplanned termination of the Company's engagement and significant disruption to the other party's business. "Change of Control" means the date upon which, without the written concurrence of the target of the Change of Control, any person (as that term is defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia)) makes and does not withdraw a take-over bid (as that term is defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia)) or acquires, directly or indirectly, that number of common shares of the target which equals or exceeds twenty percent (20%) of the then issued common shares of the target.
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Business Overview
Maintaining properties
The following is a general statement about government requirements for holding mineral properties in the jurisdictions where the Company works.
In Mexico, mining law is a federal matter. The government requires annual assessment work and expenditures per hectare which increase with the size and age of the claim. Under the tax reforms effective January 1, 2014, if a concession holder has not conducted exploration or exploitation activities during a two-year period, the concession holder would have to pay an additional 50% of the taxes payable per hectare if within the last 11 years, and an additional 100% of the taxes payable if after year 12. Land taxes per hectare also have to be paid by January 31 and July 31 each year. Both amounts are subject to inflation accounting and the inflation adjustment number for each fiscal period is published in the official gazette. Under the Mexican Constitution and the mining and environmental laws of Mexico, all mining projects are subject to Federal legal control. This control is exercised from the exploration phase through the closure phase of a mining project. Prior to the initiation of exploration activities, concession owners are required to file a notice of commencement of exploration activities in conformity with Mexican Official Norm 120 (NOM-120); prior to initiation of construction activities (and also in some more intrusive exploration activities), mining projects are required to apply for and obtain an environmental impact authorization and a land use permit from the Mexican Federal environmental agency SEMARNAT (Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales). This requires the presentation of an environmental impact manifest and a technical study which deals with the impacts, the environmental mitigation, and habitat compensation to the satisfaction of the authorities having environmental jurisdiction.
Competition
The mineral property exploration and development business, in general, is intensively competitive and there is not any assurance that even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered, a ready market will exist for sale of same. Numerous factors beyond our control may affect the marketability of any substances discovered. These factors include market fluctuations; the proximity and capacity of natural resource markets and processing equipment; and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of mineral and environmental protection. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may make it difficult for us to receive an adequate return on investment.
We compete with many companies possessing greater financial resources and technical facilities for the acquisition of mineral concessions, claims, leases and other mineral interests as well as for the recruitment and retention of qualified employees.
Seasonality
The Company’s projects are spread from northern Canada to south/Company's principal project is in central Mexico and span several climate zones. In northern Canada, winter is often the best time to work because frozen lakes and swamps allow the movement of drills and other equipment. In western U.S., dry to desert conditions prevail and year round work is possible.Mexico. In Mexico, the climate in the project areasarea is marked by dry, cold winters and a distinct rainy season. The rainy season typically begins in May or June and continues until late September to October. In most years roads remain passable and exploration can be done throughout the rainy season. Seasonal changes do not have a material impact on our exploration expenditures.
Exploration Program Protocols
General Sample HandingHandling and Quality Control Program for Exploration Programs
The Company employs a strict quality control program for samples taken during its exploration programs. For drilling programs a quality control program is in place which includes the insertion of blanks, field duplicates and certified standards into the sample stream.
Chain of Custody
Samples of rock and drill core and cuttings are sealed by the sampler and kept under control of a qualified person until they are shipped to a laboratory.
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Sample Handling
Sample handling for drilling programs is described more fully below. Soil and stream sediment samplers have been trained to industry standard levels of sampling methodology. In general, the Company sieves stream sediment samples to -20 mesh in the field during preparation. Samplers are required to not wear any jewellery or clothing or use equipment which may contaminate the sample. All sample locations are geographically located at the time of sampling using the Global Positioning System. The Company has prepared standardized sample information cards for samplers to record information concerning the sample location, type and medium. Outcrop, float and dump rock samples are collected by geologists who record similarly ordered geologic information relating to the sample taken.
Blanks
Blank material, a sample of crushed and pulverized rock, known to contain very low or non-detectable concentration of gold, is inserted as a pulp into the sample stream on an interval of every 20 samples. Blanks are intended to detect possible contamination.
Duplicates
During drill programs the companyCompany routinely includes a field duplicate into the sample stream, spaced at 20 sample intervals. Field duplicate samples are splits of drill core or reverse circulation cuttings from the sample interval. The resulting two field duplicate samples are submitted with separate sample numbers “blind”"blind" to the assay lab and separately treated as normal samples. The samples are taken randomly with no regard to rock type, geographic position or degree of alteration or mineralization. These field duplicates are then used to detect the cumulative uncertainties associated with the entire sampling and analytical process.
Standards
During drill programs the companyCompany routinely includes a field duplicate into the sample stream, spaced at 20 sample intervals. Certified standards are purchased from CDN Resource Labs of Vancouver and are prepared by this professional third party lab according to industry standard and accepted methodologies. Standards are utilized to monitor the accuracy of the laboratory work.
Sample Handling for Drill Programs
Core Box Preparation
Plastic core boxes are used for the storage of core. Each box is labelled by the drillers at the rig with the drill-hole number, a box number and an arrow to mark the start of the tray and the down-hole direction. Wooden core blocks, with the metreagemeterage in black marker pen, are inserted by the drillers at the end of each core run (usually 3 m or less). These core run intervals are checked and recorded by the geologist during mark up (see below). When filled with core the boxes are sealed with a plastic lid by the drillers and transported to the core logging facility.
Sample and Corebox Markup
Once at the core logging facility, the core boxes are marked up with the starting and ending metreage,meterage, written at the ends of the trays with a marker. An aluminum tag with the hole number, box number and metreagemeterage is then stapled to the front of each tray. The core blocks are then covered with an aluminum permi-tag with the depth inscribed and written over in black marker pen for clarity in core tray photographs. The start and end of each selected sample interval is marked with a red wax pencil mark across the core and sample numbers are written on the edge of the core box channels at the start and end of each sample interval. Intervals denoting the position in the sample tag sequence of field duplicate, blank and analytical standards are also marked on the core box. Different colouredcolored tape was stapled to the boxes to indicate the position and type of duplicate sample. A permanent aluminum tag with the sample number inscribed on them was stapled to the inside of the core box channel at the start of each sample interval. A cut line was marked on the core as a guide for sawing of half-core samples for assay. The cut line position is marked by fitting the ends of the core together, to align them as they came out of the hole, and using a ruler to draw a line down the core axis with a red wax pencil. This mark-up is done after the trays are photographed. Cut line positions are selected by the logging geologist to produce two halves with equal proportions of mineralization. Typically this is done by marking the cut line down the long axis of the ellipses described by the intersection of the veins with the core circumference. Each tray is digitally photographed before core cutting and sampling.
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Core Logging
Before cutting and sampling the core, the following tables of data are recorded on paper and then entered into the Almaden drillholeCompany drill hole database system:
Geotechnical Logging
1. Core box record sheet: Beginning and end from/to intervals for each core box.
2. For each core run (from and to) a record of the core size, metresmeters of core recovered for the interval, RQD (the total length of pieces of core in the interval that are twice the width of the core divided by the length of the interval, times 100) and hardness (on a scale from 1 to 5, from softest to hardest).
3. A drilling daily control sheet showing the progress of the rig for each shift.
Geological Logging
1. Geology Log: Intervals selected by the geologist recording a detailed description of the lithology, texture, alteration, mineral assemblage and intensity and level of oxidation/weathering. Structural measurements (i.e. the angle of structures to the core axis) are also recorded. The cover sheet includes details such as surveyed collar co-ordinates, downhole survey data, core size depths, drilling dates and sample number series. A graphic log column with a sketch of the geology is also included.
2. Veining and Mineralization: (Intervals on this form are the same as the sample intervals). Estimates of the percent veining and the percentage of different minerals represented in either vein, breccia or disseminated form, i.e. quartz, carbonates, pyrite etc. (Sometimes(sometimes completed after sampling).
3. Sample Sheet: A record of the sample intervals, sample numbers and duplicate, blank and analytical standard numbers as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements taken on each sample (using a handheld magnetic susceptibility metremeter pushed against the core).
4. Hole Summary: An abbreviated hole log that summarizes the important features of a drill hole. A summary drill hole trace giving the geologist the opportunity to summarize the hole and sketch in structural orientations in a form easily transferred to sections. All logs are saved on the server along with the core photos and other data from each hole.
Sample Interval Selection
All strongly altered or mineralized intervals of core were sampled. Sampling always began at least 5 samples above the start of mineralization. Sample intervals were selected using the following criteria.
| - | Maximum sample length of 2 m in unmineralized lithologies. |
| - | Maximum sample length of 1 m in mineralized lithologies. |
| - | Minimum sample length of 50 cm. Geological changes in the core such as major mineralization/alteration intensity and lithology changes |
| - | Core size changes and any zones of core loss were used as sample breaks. |
| - | Large discrete veins that might possibly be modeled or mined as separate structures were sampled separately. |
The begin/end marks were placed so that the entire vein ended up in the sample(s) and the vein is not smeared into samples on either side.
Sampling Procedure
All samples were originally cut in half using custom-made, gasoline engine-powered diamond core saws. All were recently changed to electric powered saws. Each saw has sliding trays and customized “core cradles”"core cradles" sized for each core diameter in order to ensure a straight cut down the cut line and to minimize the loss of friable core during cutting. Areas of very soft rock (e.g. fault gouge), are cut with a machete, using the side of the core channel to ensure a straight cut. Areas of very broken core (pieces <1 cm) were sampled using spoons. The following standard sampling procedures were employed:
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The right hand side of the core (looking down the hole) was always sampled. After cutting, half the core was placed in a new plastic sample bag and half was placed back in the core box. Between each sample, the core saw and sampling table areas were washed to ensure no contamination between samples. Field duplicate, blank and analytical standards were added into the sample sequence as they were being cut. After cutting of samples containing visible gold, a piece of abrasive quartz sandstone was cut to clean the diamond blade. This was done to prevent contamination of the following sample with gold that may have become smeared onto the blade.
Sample numbers were written on the outside of the sample bags twice and the tag from the sample book was placed inside the bag with the half core. The bags were sealed using single-use plastic cable ties.
Sample numbers on the bags were checked against the numbers on the core box and the sample book.
The core cutting area is within the core logging shed and the logging geologists regularly checked the precision of the core cutting and sampling. The sealed plastic sample bags were placed in large plastic twine (rice) sacks (usually between 8 and 10 samples per sack) and sealed using single-use plastic cable ties. The sacks were weighed and the sack number, sample numbers, sack weight and date written on the outside of the sacks.
The Company has two principal property interests, bothTuligtic Project, which hosts the Company's Ixtaca discovery, is the only project material to the Company. The Tuligtic Project is located in Mexico: (1) the Tuligtic prospect (100% interest) which includes the Ixtaca zone, and (2) the El Cobre copper-gold prospect (100% interest).
PRINCIPAL PROPERTIESPROPERTY INTERESTS
The Tuligtic ProspectProperty/Project – Mexico
Location and Access
The Ixtaca deposit, the epithermal gold-silver target within the Tuligtic Property, is located 8 km northwest of the town of San Francisco Ixtacamaxtitlán, the county seat of the municipality of Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla State.
The project is accessible by driving 40 km east along Highway 119 from Apizaco, an industrial centrecenter located approximately 50 km north of Puebla City by two-lane Highway, and then north approximately 2 km along a gravelpaved road to the town of Santa Maria. The trip from Apizaco to site can be driven in approximately 1.5 hours. There is also access to the Property using gravel roads from the northeast via Tezhuitan and Cuyoaco, from the south via Libres and from the northwest via Chignahuapan. The Xicohtencatl Industrial complex lies 30 km southwest by paved road from the Tuligtic Project, and houses agricultural, chemical, biomedical and industrial manufacturing facilities and is serviced by rail. Puebla, the fourth largest city in Mexico has a population in excess of 4 million people, and includes one of the largest Volkswagen automotive plants outside Germany.
The Topography on the Tuligtic Project is generally moderate to steep hills with incised stream drainages. Elevation ranges from 2,300 metresmeters (m) above sea level in the south to 2,800 m in the north. Vegetation is dominantly cactus and pines and the general area is also somewhat cultivated with subsidencesubsistence vegetables, bean and corn crops. The Ixtaca Zone exploration area has been previously cleared and logged. The region has a temperate climate with average temperatures ranging from 19°C in June to 10°C in December. The area experiences about 600 mm of precipitation annually with the majority falling during the rainy season, between June and September. Exploration can be conducted year round within the Property. Electricity is available on the Property as the national electricity grid services nearby towns such as Santa Maria and Zacatepec. Water for exploration is available from year-round natural springs located at higher elevations above and upstream of the Ixtaca deposit. The surface rights locally are privately owned and where Almaden is exploring the Company has negotiated surface land use agreements with surface rights landowners.
Claims and Title
The Tuligtic property consistswas staked by the Company in 2001, following the identification of two claimssurficial clay deposits that were interpreted to represent high-level epithermal alteration. The property originally consisted of approximately 14,000 hectares, but during 2015 Almaden filed an application to reduce the aggregate claim size at Tuligtic to those areas still considered prospective. The property is held 100% by Minera Gorrion S.A. de C.V., a subsidiary of Almaden Minerals Ltd. through the holding company, Puebla Holdings Inc. The claims, tabularized below, cover an area of over 14,000 hectares and were staked. Almaden acquired the Cerro Grande claims of the Tuligtic Project in 2001 following the identification of surficial clay deposits that were interpreted to represent high-level epithermal alteration. Official title documents have been issued for both claims, theClaim details of which are summarized below.
| Claim Name | Claim Number | Valid Until Date | Area (hectares) | Location |
| Cerro Grande | 219469 | March 5, 2059 | 11,201.55 | Tetela de Ocampo Ixtacamaxtitlan Aquixtla, Pue. |
| Cerro Grande 2 | 233434 | February 23, 2059 | 3,028 | Zautla, Pue. |
| Total | 14,229.55 |
| Claim Name | Claim Number | Area (hectares) |
| Cerro Grande R1 | Pending | 2,773.00 |
| Cerro Grande R3 | Pending | 824.06 |
| Cerro Grande R4 | Pending | 540.00 |
| Cerro Grande R5 | Pending | 784.97 |
| Cerro Grande R6 | Pending | 937.79 |
| Cerro Grande 2 R2 | Pending | 652.00 |
| Cerro Grande 2 R3 | Pending | 708.00 |
| Total | 7,219.82 |
Geological Setting of the Tuligtic Project and Ixtaca Zone
Within the Tuligtic Project, argillaceous limestone of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Upper Tamaulipas formation is underlain by transitional calcareous clastic rocks including siltstone, grainstone, mudstone, and calcareous shale. During the Laramide orogeny the carbonate package was intensely deformed into a series of thrust-related east verging anticlines. Calcareous shale units appear to occupy the cores of the anticlines while the thick bedded limestone/mudstone units occupy the cores of major synclines at the Ixtaca Zone. These carbonate basement units are crosscut by intensely altered intermediate composition dykes in the Tertiary. The deformed Mesozoic sedimentary sequence is discordantly overlain by epithermal altered Cenozoic bedded crystal tuff of the upper Coyoltepec subunit. The Coyoltepec volcanics are locally oxidisedoxidized and weathered near surface and along structures.
Two styles of alteration and mineralization have been identified in the area: (1) copper-molybdenum porphyry style alteration and mineralization hosted by diorite and quartz-diorite intrusions; (2) silver-gold low-sulphidation epithermal quartz-bladed calcite veins hosted primarily by carbonate rocks and spatially associated with overlying volcanic hosted texturally destructive clay alteration and replacement silicification.
Outcropping porphyry-style alteration and mineralization is observed in the bottoms of several drainages where the altered intrusive complex is exposed in erosional windows beneath post mineral unconsolidated ash deposits. Multiple late and post mineral intrusive phases have been identified crossing an early intensely altered and quartz-veined medium-grained feldspar phyric diorite named the Principal Porphyry. Other intrusive types include late and post mineral mafic dykes and an inter-mineral feldspar-quartz phyric diorite. Late mineral mafic dykes are fine grained and altered to chlorite with accessory pyrite. Calc-silicate (garnet-clinopyroxene) altered limestone occurs in proximity to the intrusive contacts and is crosscut by late quartz-pyrite veins. Early biotite alteration of the principal porphyry consists of biotite-orthoclase flooding of the groundmass. Quartz veins associated with early alteration have irregular boundaries and are interpreted to be representative of A-style porphyry veins. These are followed by molybdenite veins which are associated with the same wall rock alteration. Chalcopyrite appears late in the early alteration sequence. Late alteration is characterized by intense zones of muscovite-illite-pyrite overprinting earlier quartz-K-feldspar-pyrite ± chalcopyrite veining and replacing earlier hydrothermal orthoclase and biotite. Stockwork quartz-pyrite crosscuts the A-style veins and is associated with muscovite-illite alteration of biotite. The quartz-sericite alteration can be texturally destructive resulting in white friable quartz veined and pyrite rich rock. Pyrite is observed replacing chalcopyrite and in some instances chalcopyrite remains only as inclusions within late stage pyrite grains.
Epithermal mineralization on the Tuligtic property is considered to have no genetic relationship to the porphyry alteration and mineralization described above. The epithermal system is unoxidised and well preserved, and there is evidence of a paleosurface as steam heated kaolinite and replacement silica alteration occur at higher elevations where the upper part of the Coyoltepec pyroclastic deposit is preserved. The veining of Ixtaca epithermal system displays characteristics representative of intermediate and low sulphidation deposits. These include typical ore and gangue mineralogy (electrum, sphalerite, galena, adularia, carbonates), mineralization dominantly in open space veins (colloform banding, cavity filling).
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Mineralized hydrothermal breccias showing multiphase development are commonly encountered within the main veins. Hydrothermal silicic/carbonate breccia zones occur within the limestone and dip steeply. These breccias are dominantly controlled by the main faults.
The Upper Tamaulipas formation, the dykes that crosscut it and the upper Coyoltepec volcanic subunit are the main host rocks to the epithermal vein system at Ixtaca. In the Main and Ixtaca North zones veining strikes dominantly ENE-WNW (060 degrees) parallel to a major dyke trend and at a very high angle to the N to NNW bedding and fold structures within the limestones. The veins of the Chemalaco Zone are hosted by the shaley carbonate units and strike to the NNW, dipping to the SSW. In the footwall to Chemalaco Zone a parallel dyke has been identified which is altered and mineralized. The Chemalaco Zone and the dyke are interpreted to strike parallel to bedding and to core an antiform comprised of calcareous shale.
Studies of mineral assemblages in hand specimen, transmitted and reflected light microscopy and SEM analyses were carried out in order to construct a paragenetic sequence of mineral formation. This work revealed that veining occurred in three main stages. The first stage is barren calcite veining. This is followed by buff brown and pink colloform carbonate and silicate veins containing abundant silver minerals and lower gold. The third stage of veining contains both gold and silver mineralization. The dominant gold-bearing mineral is electrum, with varying Au:Ag ratios. The majority of grains contain 40-60 wt (weight) % gold but a few have down to 20 wt% (Staffurth, 2012). Gold content occasionally varies within electrum grains, and some larger grains seem to be composed of aggregates of several smaller grains of differing composition (Staffurth, 2012). Electrum often appears to have been deposited with late galena-clausthalite both of which are found as inclusions or in fractures in pyrite. It is also closely associated with silver minerals such as well as sphalerite and alabandite. Gold is also present in uytenbogaardtite (Ag3AuS2). This mineral is associated with electrum, chalcopyrite, galena, alabandite, silver minerals and quartz in stage three mineralization. Apart from electrum, the dominant silver bearing minerals are polybasite (-pearceite) and argentian tetrahedrite plus minor acanthite-naumannite, pyrargyrite and stephanite. They are associated with sulphides or are isolated in gangue minerals.
The vein-related mineralization at Ixtaca does not have hard geologic boundaries. The mineralized zones are essentially vein zones, the outer boundaries of which are grade boundaries associated with decreased vein density.
History of Past Work
To the Company’sCompany's knowledge, no modern exploration was carried out on the project prior to Almaden’sAlmaden's acquisition of the property area by staking in 2001. Evidence of historic mining of clay (kaolinite) deposits from surface is evident throughout the property area. Almaden acquired the Cerro Grandeinitial claims of the Tuligtic Project in 2001 following the identification of surficial clay deposits that were interpreted to represent high-level epithermal alteration. Subsequent geologic mapping, rock, stream silt, soil sampling and induced polarization (IP) geophysical surveys identified porphyry copper and epithermal gold targets within an approximately 5 x 5 km area of intensely altered rock.
Later in 2006, the Tuligtic project was optioned to Pinnacle Mines Ltd. In 2007 this option agreement was terminated. In 2009 the property was optioned to Antofagasta Minerals S.A. under terms whereby it could earn a 75% interest in the property. In 2009 and 2010 Antofagasta Minerals S.A., under Almaden operation, conducted a geophysical and exploration drilling program on the copper porphyry area of the project. The program consisted of three lines of IP geophysics and 2,522 meters of diamond drilling in six holes. The IP chargeability results, along with that of previous programs carried out by Almaden, defined a 2 by 2.5 kilometer chargeability high the limits of which are currently only defined to the west and south. The drilling intersected skarn and porphyry copper-molybdenum mineralization in an intrusive complex. Four of the six drill holes were oriented within thirty degrees of north south and located within a 200 by 300 meter area roughly in the central portion of the IP chargeability anomaly. These holes were selected based on intensely altered and quartz-veined porphyry exposed in the drainages in the central portion of the chargeability anomaly. The drilling program encountered sub economic porphyry mineralisation.mineralization. The mineralized intersections, despite being largely in skarn and uneconomic, are considered by the Company to be encouraging for the greater porphyry potential of the system. Antofagasta Minerals S.A. terminated its option on the project in March 2010.
In July 2010 Almaden initiated a diamond drilling program on the gold-silver epithermal vein target area of the project located roughly 1 kilometerskilometer to the south of the porphyry prospect on the project. The first hole in this program (results announced in August, 2010) intersected a zone of banded carbonate-quartz epithermal veining with gold and silver values. This hole constitutes the discovery of the Ixtaca Zone of veining. The entire hole cut through a vein zone of varying intensity of veining and intersected 302.41m of 1.01 g/t Au & 48 g/t Ag. Within this broad zone of veining several higher grade veins were intersected including 44.35 metresmeters of 2.77 g/t Au and 117.7 g/t Ag. Immediately after this discovery the Company initiated a follow-up drill program. Between 2010 and 2013, Almaden’sAlmaden's exploration at the Ixtaca Zone of the Tuligtic Property included geologic mapping and prospecting, alteration mineralogic characterisation,characterization, rock and soil geochemical sampling, ground magnetics, IP and resistivity, Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric (CSAMT), and Controlled Source Induced Polarization (CSIP) geophysical surveys resulting in the identification of several anomalous zones. Since 2010, a total of 423453 exploration diamond drill holes have been drilled at the Tuligtic Gold-Silver Project, totalling 137,438totaling 147,892 m.
Present Condition of Project
Geology and 2013 Exploration Program
Mineral Resources
The Ixtaca deposit is an epithermal gold-silver deposit, mostly hosted by veins in carbonate units (calcareous clastic rocks) and crosscutting pre-mineral altered dykes ("basement rocks") with a minor component of disseminated mineralisation hosted in overlying volcanic rocks. Wireframes constraining mineralised domains were constructed based on geologic boundaries defined by mineralisation intensity and host rock type. Higher grade zones occur where there is a greater density of epithermal veining. These higher grade domains have good continuity and are cohesive in nature.
On January 22, 2014,31, 2013, the Company announced the results of an updated National Instrument (NI) 43-101 compliant Mineral Resource Estimatea maiden resource on the Ixtaca Zone. ThisSince that time drilling has been focused on expanding and infilling the known resource estimate updatedbase for the previous estimatePEA which utilised the NI 43-101 Compliant Updated Mineral Resource Estimate released on January 31, 2013. The22, 2014, report is authoredperformed by Kris Raffle, P.Geo. of APEX Geoscience Ltd., and Gary Giroux, M.A.Sc.P.Eng., P.Eng.qualified person under the meaning of Giroux Consultants Ltd., bothNI 43-101, and summarised in Table 1 below. The data available for the resource estimation consisted of whom act423 drill holes assayed for gold and silver. The estimate was constrained by three dimensional solids representing different lithologic and mineralized domains. Of the total drill holes 400 intersected the mineralized solids and were used to make the resource estimate. Capping was completed to reduce the effect of outliers within each domain. Uniform down hole 3 meter composites were produced for each domain and used to produce semi-variograms for each variable. Grades were interpolated into blocks 10 x 10 x 5 meters in dimension by ordinary kriging. Specific gravities were determined for each domain from drill core. Estimated blocks were classified as independent consultants to the Company, are Qualified Persons as defined by NI 43-101. A copy of the Technical Report was filedeither Measured, Indicated or Inferred based on EDGAR under Form 6-K by the Company on March 7, 2014.drill hole density and grade continuity.
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Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Measured and Indicated Resources
This section uses the terms “measured resources”"measured resources" and “indicated resources”"indicated resources". We advise U.S. investors that while these terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize them. U.S. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Inferred
Resources
This section uses the term “inferred resources”"inferred resources". We advise U.S. investors that while this term is recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. “Inferred resources”"Inferred resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an Inferred Mineral Resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources may not form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of an inferred resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable.
| MEASURED RESOURCE | |||||||
| AuEqCut-off | Tonnes > Cut-off | Grade>Cut-off | Contained Metal | ||||
| (g/t) | (tonnes) | Au (g/t) | Ag (g/t) | AuEq (g/t) | Au (ozs) | Ag (ozs) | AuEq (ozs) |
| 0.3 | 44,590,000 | 0.48 | 30.27 | 1.07 | 682,000 | 43,400,000 | 1,528,000 |
| 0.5 | 30,440,000 | 0.61 | 39.44 | 1.38 | 599,000 | 38,600,000 | 1,351,000 |
| 0.7 | 22,320,000 | 0.73 | 48.00 | 1.67 | 525,000 | 34,450,000 | 1,196,000 |
| 1.0 | 15,620,000 | 0.88 | 58.66 | 2.03 | 444,000 | 29,460,000 | 1,018,000 |
| 2.0 | 6,000,000 | 1.33 | 86.51 | 3.01 | 256,000 | 16,690,000 | 581,000 |
| INDICATED RESOURCE | |||||||
| AuEqCut-off | Tonnes > Cut-off | Grade>Cut-off | Contained Metal | ||||
| (g/t) | (tonnes) | Au (g/t) | Ag (g/t) | AuEq (g/t) | Au (ozs) | Ag (ozs) | AuEq (ozs) |
| 0.3 | 109,150,000 | 0.38 | 20.76 | 0.79 | 1,344,000 | 72,850,000 | 2,762,000 |
| 0.5 | 62,610,000 | 0.52 | 28.88 | 1.08 | 1,049,000 | 58,140,000 | 2,182,000 |
| 0.7 | 39,520,000 | 0.65 | 37.09 | 1.37 | 828,000 | 47,130,000 | 1,746,000 |
| 1.0 | 23,850,000 | 0.81 | 47.06 | 1.73 | 624,000 | 36,090,000 | 1,327,000 |
| 2.0 | 5,910,000 | 1.39 | 72.81 | 2.81 | 265,000 | 13,820,000 | 534,000 |
| INFERRED RESOURCE | |||||||
| AuEqCut-off | Tonnes > Cut-off | Grade>Cut-off | Contained Metal | ||||
| (g/t) | (tonnes) | Au (g/t) | Ag (g/t) | AuEq (g/t) | Au (ozs) | Ag (ozs) | AuEq (ozs) |
| 0.3 | 43,410,000 | 0.36 | 17.52 | 0.70 | 498,000 | 24,450,000 | 974,000 |
| 0.5 | 22,700,000 | 0.50 | 24.99 | 0.98 | 362,000 | 18,240,000 | 717,000 |
| 0.7 | 13,630,000 | 0.63 | 31.56 | 1.25 | 277,000 | 13,830,000 | 546,000 |
| 1.0 | 7,700,000 | 0.79 | 39.81 | 1.57 | 197,000 | 9,860,000 | 389,000 |
| 2.0 | 1,200,000 | 1.18 | 73.69 | 2.61 | 45,000 | 2,840,000 | 101,000 |
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Amended Preliminary Economic Assessment
On January 22, 2016, Almaden filed a NI 43-101 Technical Report titled "Preliminary Economic Assessment of the Ixtaca Project", which provides further detail to its December 9, 2015 press release summarizing the results of integrating the Rock Creek Mill and a smaller, higher grade, payback focused pit on potential mine economics. Almaden subsequently filed an amended technical report on SEDAR on April 13, 2016 (the "Amended PEA"), however the amendments were not material changes and the Report's data, inputs, interpretation, conclusions and results all remain unchanged.
The estimate was constrainedAmended PEA follows the historical PEAs released in 2014 and 2015 ("Historical PEAs") which evaluated larger throughput development alternatives. The primary reasons for providing an update to the Historical PEAs were to show the impact of significantly reduced initial capital cost on project economics and, given the significant decrease in precious metals prices, to demonstrate the viability of a mine plan which focuses on the near surface high grade limestone hosted portions of the Ixtaca Zone deposit.
This mine plan is a smaller higher grade scenario than those described in Almaden's Historical PEA studies. In addition, the Amended PEA incorporates the optioned Rock Creek mill as well as results from various engineering studies related to the project which had been conducted since the Historical PEAs were completed. The Amended PEA incorporates:
| · | The same resource model as the Historical PEAs; |
| · | The Rock Creek Mill, which was optioned by the Company in October, 2015, with average throughput of 7,500 tonnes per day; |
| · | A smaller, near surface and payback focussed pit; |
| · | A mine production schedule which targets higher grades earlier; |
| · | Optimised waste placement and tailings management facilities; |
| · | A 2% NSR held by Almadex Minerals Limited. |
This Amended PEA is preliminary in nature as it includes inferred mineral resources which are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. There is no certainty that the Amended PEA forecasts will be realized or that any of the resources will ever be upgraded to reserves. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
AMENDED PEA HIGHLIGHTS:
The inputs and parameters for the Amended PEA include base case metal prices (US $1150/oz gold and US $16/oz silver). Highlights of the Amended PEA are summarised below (all values shown are in US Dollars).
| · | Pre-tax Net Present Value ("NPV") of $266M at a 5% discount rate and internal rate of return of 39%; |
| · | After-tax (including new Mexican Mining Duties) NPV(5%) of $166M and internal rate of return of 30%; |
| · | Total mill feed of 35.5M tonnes and life of mine strip ratio of 5:1; |
| · | Mine life of 13 years with an average processing rate of 7,500 tonnes per day; |
| · | Average annual production of 55,660 ounces of gold and 3,754,000 ounces of silver; |
| · | Estimated pre-production capital of US$100M. Sustaining capital of US$24M; |
| · | After-Tax Payback of initial capital of 2.6 years. |
Production and Processing
The Ixtaca gold-silver project in the Amended PEA is planned as an open pit mining operation using contractor mining. Estimated mining inventory is comprised of 179 million tonnes of rock and 36 million tonnes of mill feed with an average mill feed grade of 0.76 grams per tonne gold and 47 grams per tonne silver. A total of 724 thousand ounces of gold and 48.8 million ounces of silver would be produced over the 13 year mine life. The Amended PEA includes the Rock Creek process plant to produce gold and silver doré on site. The process plant includes conventional crushing, grinding, gravity, flotation, and concentrate leaching. Process reagents will be removed from process plant tailings prior to placement in a tailings management facility ("TMF"). The following table summarizes the production and processing parameters:
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| Total Mill Feed Material* | 35.5 Million tonnes** | |
| Processing Rate | 7,500 tonnes per day | |
| Life of Mine (LOM) Strip Ratio | 5 : 1*** | |
| Gold | Silver | |
| Average Mill Feed Grade | 0.76 g/t | 47.5 g/t |
| Average Process Recoveries | 84% | 90% |
| Average Annual Production LOM (ounces) | 55,660 | 3,754,000 |
| Total Production (ounces) | 723,580 | 48,806,000 |
* The mill feed tonnes in the mine plan include Inferred Resources. The reader is cautioned that Inferred Resources are considered too speculative geologically to have economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as Mineral Reserves. There is no certainty that Inferred Resources will ever be upgraded to Reserves. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
** The cut-off grade used to calculate the mill feed is NSR>=$20/t. NSR is calculated using the following formula: NSR = [Au(g/t) * Au recovery (%) * 36.55] + [Ag(g/t) * Ag recovery (%) * 0.46]
*** The strip ratio includes 13 million tonnes of stockpiled material not processed in this Amended PEA that averages 0.31 g/t Au and 45 g/t Ag as waste. Should this material be processed the ultimate strip ratio would be 3:1.
Capital and Operating Costs
The total estimated initial capital cost for the Ixtaca gold-silver project is US$100.2 million and sustaining capital is $24 million over the mine life ("LOM"). The estimated LOM operating costs are US$26.99 per tonne mill feed.
The total estimated initial capital cost for the Ixtaca gold-silver project is US$100.2 million and sustaining capital is $24 million over the mine life ("LOM"). The estimated LOM operating costs are US$26.99 per tonne mill feed.
The following tables summarize the cost components:
Initial Capital Costs (US$ Millions)
| Site Infrastructure | $15.3 |
| TMF and Water Management | $9.6 |
| Mining | $25.1 |
| Process Plant, Doré Plant and Conveyor | $28.0 |
| Indirects, EPCM, Contingency and Owner's Costs | $22.2 |
| Total | $100.2 |
Projected Operating Costs (US$)
| Mining Costs | $2.19 | $/tonne mined |
| Mining Costs | $11.63 | $/tonne milled |
| Processing | $13.73 | $/tonne milled |
| G&A | $1.54 | $/tonne milled |
| Life of Mine TMF management | $0.09 | $/tonne milled |
| Total | $26.99 | $/tonne milled |
Economic Results and Sensitivities
A summary of financial outcomes comparing base case metal prices to two alternative metal price situations is presented below. The Amended PEA base case prices are derived from a combination of spot prices and current common peer usage. The Alternate Case prices represent a discount to the lowest sustained metal prices over the previous three dimensional solids representing different lithologicyears. The 3 year trailing average prices represent the upside potential should metal prices regain their previous strength.
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Summary of Ixtaca Gold-Silver Economic Results and mineralized domains. OfSensitivities (US$ Million)
| Alternate Case | Base Case | 3 Year trailing Average | ||||
| Pre-Tax | After-Tax | Pre-Tax | After-Tax | Pre-Tax | After-Tax | |
| Gold Price ($/oz) | $1000 | $1150 | $1300 | |||
| Silver Price ($/oz) | $14 | $16 | $20 | |||
| Net Cash Flow | $235 | $149 | $435 | $280 | $731 | $470 |
| NPV (5% discount rate) | $132 | $78 | $266 | $166 | $464 | $293 |
| Internal Rate of Return (%) | 24% | 18% | 39% | 30% | 57% | 44% |
| Payback (years) | 3.3 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.0 |
The economic results are based on the mill feed tonnages in the selected ultimate pit. The mill feed tonnages include Inferred Resources. The reader is cautioned that Inferred Resources are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as Mineral Reserves. There is no certainty that Inferred Resources will ever be upgraded to Reserves. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
Rock Management, Environment and Community
Almaden recognises the paramount importance of protecting the environment to facilitate the development of a sustainable project. Knight Piésold Ltd. ("KP") has been retained to help the Company with long lead item studies concerning environmental monitoring, assessment and permitting matters. Almaden established the following environmental objectives for the Project:
| · | Protect surface and ground water quality; |
| · | Incorporate environmental enhancement opportunities into the mine and final reclamation plans; |
| · | Minimize the project footprint. |
In order to achieve these objectives Almaden and KP have instituted the following management strategies towards the submission of a Mexican Environmental Impact Statement.
Water Management
Almaden with KP has developed a comprehensive water monitoring strategy including the commencement of a hydrometric and climate monitoring program, and the drilling of water measurement wells. The latest assessment of regional weather patterns suggest that management of rainfall and runoff from within the project area will provide sufficient water for operations for the Ixtaca mine plan. Currently local communities use existing water supplies that come from natural springs located at higher elevations and upstream of the Ixtaca deposit. Stream flow upstream of the project will be either diverted around or collected, potentially creating a new fresh water supply source for local use, or used for mining and milling processes and before any would be discharged it would be treated to meet environmental guidelines.
Management of Rock
The limestone host rock, which constitutes a large portion of the total drill holes 400 intersectedwaste rock, has buffering capacity. Geochemical characterization of site materials has confirmed that waste rock is not expected to be net acid producing.
Environmental Monitoring
Groundwater monitoring to ensure compliance with all applicable best management practice (BMP) technologies is a fundamental component of the mineralized solidsProject. Flora and were usedfauna studies have been completed.
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Community
The Ixtaca deposit and any potential mining operation will be located in an area previously logged or cleared. Existing land use in the project area is minimal. The Company has employed up to make70 local people in its drilling program who live local to the resource estimate. Capping was completedIxtaca deposit. Local employees have made up virtually all the drilling staff, and have been trained on the job. The Company has implemented a comprehensive science based and objective community relations and education program for employees and all local stakeholders to reducetransparently explain the effectexploration program underway as well as the potential impacts and benefits of outliers within eachany possible future mining operation at Ixtaca. The Company regards the local communities to be major stakeholders in the Ixtaca deposit's future along with the Company's shareholders. Every effort is being made to create an open and clear dialogue with our stakeholders to ensure that any possible development scenarios that could evolve from the anticipated future studies are properly understood and communicated throughout the course of the Company's exploration and development program. The Company invites all interested parties to visit www.almadenminerals.com to find out more about our community development, education and outreach programs.
Metallurgical Gold and Silver Test Work
Almaden has previously reported preliminary metallurgical test results (for details consult Almaden's news release of January 31, 2013, the 2013 Tuligtic Project NI 43-101 Technical Report filed on SEDAR and Edgar, Almaden's news releases of June 15th and September 14th, 2015, and the Amended PEA). These test results show that standard gravity and flotation techniques could result in non-optimised gold and silver recoveries that are roughly equivalent for the limestone domain. Uniform down hole 3 meter (m) composites were produced for each domain andThis preliminary test work indicates that leaching the combined gravity/flotation concentrate can be used to produce semi-variograms for each variable. Gradesa silver-gold doré on site. All geologic domains were interpolated into blocks 10 x 10 x 5 m in dimension by Ordinary kriging. Specific gravities were determined for each domain from drill core. Estimated blocks were classified as either Measured, Indicated or Inferred based on drill hole density and grade continuity.
Subsequent to the publication of the main geologic domains: dyke,preliminary results, in 2014 and 2015, additional metallurgical work on new whole core composites, carried out at McClelland Laboratories Inc. in Reno, Nevada under the supervision of MMTS, focused on optimizing gravity, rougher flotation and leach results over a broader range of head grades in the limestone limestone/dyke high grade (HG), black shale (Northeast Extension Zone) and volcanic tuff material. Each composite was made up of five sub composites, each of which was taken from a separate drillhole, representing a different part of the respective geologic domain. Grades of composites received for testing are:
| Zone | Au (g/t) | Ag (g/t) |
| Dyke | 0.73 | 45.6 |
| Limestone | 0.76 | 4.9.25 |
| Limestone/Dyke HG | 0.76 | 123.5 |
| Black Shale | 0.93 | 46.4 |
| Tuff | 0.8 | 12.95 |
| Gravity Only Recovery | Floatation Only Recovery | |||
| Zone | Au (Wt%) | Ag (Wt%) | Au (Wt%) | Ag (Wt%) |
| Dyke | 48.4 | N/A | 94.4 | 87.0 |
| Limestone | 58.7 | N/A | 85.7 | 79.9 |
| Limestone/Dyke HG | 58.7 | N/A | 92.0 | 88.8 |
| Black Shale | 54.9 | N/A | 93.2 | 83.5 |
| Tuff (Volcanic) | 15.1 | N/A | 52.3 | 63.2 |
Qualified Persons, Quality Control and Assurance
The following companies have undertaken work in preparation of the combined gravity and flotation concentrates is a viable process routePEA:
| · | APEX Geoscience Ltd. (Exploration and Drill data QA/QC) |
| · | Giroux Consultants Ltd. (Mineral Resource Estimation) |
| · | Moose Mountain Technical Services (Overall Report Preparation, Mine Plan and Mineral Processing, Infrastructure and Financial Model) |
| · | Knight Piésold Ltd. (Geotechnical, Environmental, Rock and Tailings Management). |
The independent qualified persons responsible for preparing the Ixtaca resource. A summaryPEAs are; Jesse Aarsen, P.Eng. and Tracey Meintjes, P.Eng. of metallurgical parameters forMMTS, Ken Embree, P.Eng. of KP, Kris Raffle, P.Geo. of APEX Geoscience Ltd., and Gary Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. of Giroux Consultants Ltd., all of whom act as independent consultants to the main zones tested for this process route is presented in the following table:
| Zone | Overall Recovery | |
| Au Wt% | Ag Wt% | |
| Dyke | 96.8 | 85.3 |
| Limestone | 88.7 | 78.3 |
| Limestone/Dyke HG | 94.9 | 87.0 |
| Black Shale | 95.9 | 81.8 |
| Tuff | 54.1 | 61.9 |
Company, are Qualified Persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 ("NI 43-101").
QA/QC
The analyses used in the preparation of the mineral resource statement were carried out at ALS Chemex Laboratories of North Vancouver using industry standard analytical techniques. For gold, samples are first analysed by fire assay and atomic absorption spectroscopy (“AAS”("AAS"). Samples that return values greater than 10 g/t gold using this technique are then re-analysedreanalysed by fire assay but with a gravimetric finish. Silver is first analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (“ICP-AES”("ICP-AES"). Samples that return values greater than 100 g/t silver by ICP-AES are then re analysed by HF-HNO3-HCLO4HFHNO3-HCLO4 digestion with HCL leach and ICP-AES finish. Of these samples those that return silver values greater than 1,500 g/t are further analysed by fire assay with a gravimetric finish. Blanks, field duplicates and certified standards were inserted into the sample stream as part of Almaden’sAlmaden's quality assurance and control program which complies with National Instrument 43-101 requirements. In addition to the in-house QAQC measures employed by Almaden, Kris Raffle, P.Geo. of APEX Geoscience Ltd., completed an independent review of Almaden’sAlmaden's drill hole and QAQC databases. The review included an audit of approximately 10% of drill core analyses used in the mineral resource estimate. A total of 10,885 database gold and silver analyses were verified against original analytical certificates. Similarly, 10% of the original drill collar coordinates and downholedown hole orientation survey files were checked against those recorded in the database; and select drill sites were verified in the field by Kris Raffle, P.Geo. The QAQC audit included independent review of blank, field duplicate and certified standard analyses. All QAQC values falling outside the limits of expected variability were flagged and followed through to ensure completion of appropriate reanalyses. No discrepancies were noted within the drill hole database, and all QAQC failures were dealt with and handled with appropriate reanalyses. The mineral resource estimate referenced in this press release was prepared by Gary Giroux, P.Eng., an independent Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101. All drill sections and related assay data from the 2013 drilling program used in the resource estimate have been posted to the Company's website.
Pre-Feasibility Study ("PFS") Programs
During 2016, Almaden completed the geotechnical, geomechanical, and hydrologic field programs necessary for completion of a PFS, and also optimized site layout through updated waste placement and facilities locations. In addition, in October 2016 Almaden announced results from it PFS-level metallurgical program. The results reported were on the limestone domain, which represents approximately 90% of the total metal produced under the Amended PEA.
Key parameters and results of the 2016 limestone test work included the following:
| · | A limestone sample was collected using 131 meters (659 kilograms) of continuous whole drill core from inside the planned open pit mine with an average sample grade of 0.76 g/t gold and 36 g/t silver. The sample was collected from the planned start-up pit area and represents limestone mill feed grades anticipated in the first 5 years of mining; |
| · | Optimised gravity concentration conditions have resulted in gravity concentration gold recoveries of approximately 50% and silver recoveries of approximately 30% at a grind size of 75 microns. This is a significant improvement from previous gravity concentration tests. The gravity tests used a lab-scale version of the Falcon gravity concentrators already included in the optioned Rock Creek processing plant; |
| · | Flotation mass pulls have been reduced (higher grade concentration) to less than 10% while maintaining combined gravity/flotation gold and silver recoveries in excess of 90%; |
| · | Leach tests on gravity and flotation concentrates are consistently achieving reduced leach reagent consumptions with NaCN consumptions reduced to less than 1.0 kg per tonne of ore and lime consumption reduced to less than 0.2 kg per tonne ore. |
The results of the PFS metallurgical program continue to confirm the suitability of the Rock Creek crushing/grinding/gravity/leach processing facilities as well as the assumptions and flowsheet design of the 2016 Amended PEA.
Other PFS-related work underway currently includes environmental baseline monitoring, climate monitoring, water quality sampling and surface water hydrology monitoring.
2016 Exploration
In June, 2016, Almaden announced that it would initiate an exploration drilling program to test additional targets at the Tuligtic property. From June 2016 to March 28, 2017, the Company completed 33 exploration holes totaling approximately 10,500 metres. Much of this drilling was focused on new zones of mineralization located within the Amended PEA pit, as well as mineralization located intimate to its boundaries. Summary drill intercepts included the following:
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| Hole TU-16-479 | SECTION 10+525 EAST Az. 330, Dip -70 |
| 8.50 meters @ 2.56 g/t Au and 357.0 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| 30.35 meters @ 1.92 g/t Au and 62.1 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone? |
| 13.60 meters @ 3.62 g/t Au and 83.2 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone? |
| Including 4.00 meters @ 10.24 g/t Au and 215.8 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone? |
| Hole TU-16-487 | SECTION 10+600 EAST Az. 330, Dip -68 |
| 41.45 meters @ 1.52 g/t Au and 117.3 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| Including 4.60 meters @ 6.68 g/t Au and 565.4 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| And 9.50 meters @ 1.86 g/t Au and 137.8 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| 11.30 meters @ 1.56 g/t Au and 132.4 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| Including 5.15 meters @ 3.16 g/t Au and 273.7 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| 32.55 meters @ 0.72 g/t Au and 17.4 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| Hole TU-16-486 | SECTION 10+725 EAST Az. 330, Dip -70 |
| 105.00 meters @ 1.20 g/t Au and 87.1 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| Including 5.00 meters @ 1.89 g/t Au and 382.2 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
| And 10.50 meters @ 4.70 g/t Au and 132.3 g/t Ag | Ixtaca North Zone |
This drilling demonstrates the continuing expansion of the newly discovered high grade veins in the Ixtaca North Zone, and demonstrates additional resource potential both laterally and at depth. The Company intends to continue its exploration drilling in 2017.
The Ixtaca deposit is one of several exploration targets on the wholly owned Tuligtic property. The Tuligtic claim covers an area of high level epithermal clay alteration. The project area is partially covered by volcanic ash deposits which mask underlying alteration, potential vein zones and associated soil responses. In areas devoid of this covering ash, soil sampling has defined several distinct zones of elevated gold and silver values and trace elements typically associated with epithermal vein systems. The Ixtaca zone is one of the largest areas of gold/silver soil response but it is also one of the areas with the least ash cover on the project. Management believes that the other altered and geochemically anomalous areas could represent additional zones of underlying quartz-carbonate epithermal veining like the Ixtaca zone.
The potential quantity and grade of these exploration targets is conceptual in nature. There has been insufficient exploration and/or study to define these exploration targets as a Mineral Resource. It is uncertain if additional exploration will result in these exploration targets being delineated as a Mineral Resource. The potential quantity and grade of these exploration targets has not been used in the PEA.
Upcoming / Outlook
| Claim Name | Title Number | File Number | Area in Hectares | Expiry Date |
| CABALLO BLANCO III | 218457 | 5/1/0667 | 1145.00 | 04/11/2052 |
| CABALLO BLANCO V | 218955 | 5/1/0674 | 450.00 | 27/01/2053 |
| CABALLO BLANCO VIII | 223360 | 108/72 | 965.81 | 02/12/2054 |
(GPO) REYNA NEGRA FRACCIÓN 2 | 221152 | 5/1/716 | 65.97 | 02/12/2053 |
RED. REYNA NEGRA FRACCIÓN 4 | 224416 | 05/02/2023 | 25.15 | 02/12/2053 |
| C. B. X-b | 237405 | 108/120 | 2653.56 | 08/12/2060 |
| C. B. X-a | 237440 | 108/119 | 1721.00 | 15/12/2060 |
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Operating Results
The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and the Company’sCompany's financial position should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015, and 20112014 appearing under Item 1718 – Financial Statements and listed under Item 19 – Exhibits.
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The Company’sCompany's consolidated financial statements are stated in Canadian Dollars and have been prepared in accordance and compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”("IFRS").
The Company is in the business of acquiring and exploring its principal mineral properties and prospectsproperty in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico with the aim of developing themit to a stage where theyit can be exploited at a profit or to arrange joint ventures or other business transactions whereby other companies provide, in whole or in part, funding for development and exploitation. At that stage, the Company’sCompany's operations would, to some extent, be dependent on the world market prices of any minerals mined. The Company does not have producing properties and operations on its propertiesproperties.
The Company receives other income from an Administrative Services Agreement with Almadex Minerals Limited. Under the Agreement, the Company is the sole and prospects are exploratory searchesexclusive manager of Almadex. Almadex compensates the Company 30% of the Company's actual monthly cost of rent for mineable deposits.any shared facilities, and 30% of any shared personnel's fees and/or wages. Almadex also pays the Company any reasonable fees or costs incurred on behalf of Almadex by the Company which were approved by Almadex. The Administrative Services Agreement has an initial 5-year term, with subsequent automatic 1 year renewals unless terminated pursuant to the terms permitted under the Agreement. The Agreement includes a Change of Control clause. If either party is subject to a Change of Control during the term of the Agreement, the Agreement shall automatically terminate within 48 hours of the Change of Control unless agreed to in writing by both parties. The target of the Change of Control shall then pay the other party $2 million as compensation for the unplanned termination of the Company's engagement and significant disruption to the other party's business. "Change of Control" means the date upon which, without the written concurrence of the target of the Change of Control, any person (as that term is defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia)) makes and does not withdraw a take-over bid (as that term is defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia)) or acquires, directly or indirectly, that number of common shares of the target which equals or exceeds twenty percent (20%) of the then issued common shares of the target.
Fiscal 20132016 compared to Fiscal 20122015
For the year ended December 31, 2013 (“Fiscal 2013”),2016, the Company recorded a net loss and comprehensive loss of $6,356,609$4,023,504 or $0.10$0.05 per share compared to a net loss of $10,238,377$1,477,977 or $0.17$0.02 per share for the year ended December 31, 2012 (“2015. The increase in net loss of $2,545,527 was primarily a result of the gain recognized in the transfer of spin-out assets to Almadex of $3,115,422 offset by the other comprehensive loss of $333,452 in 2015.
The Company has no revenues from mining operations as it only conducted exploration and development work. Other income (loss) of $443,504 (2015 – $2,710,588) during the year ended December 31, 2016 consisted mainly of interest income and administrative service fees whereas in 2015, assets spun-out to Almadex generated other sources of income. Interest income during the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by $246,868 as a result of higher cash balances available for investment. The administrative service fees in 2016 also increased by $238,374 compared to 2015 as a result of a full year charge whereas in 2015, the Company only earned 5 months of services fees from August 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015.
Operating expenses were $4,467,064 during the year ended December 31, 2016 (2015 - $4,259,713). The increase operating expenses of $207,351 is mainly the result of higher salaries of $574,494 offset by decreases in professional fees, stock exchange fees, and depreciation as a result of the corporate reorganization completed in 2015. The increase in salaries was due to the Chairman and the CEO's salaries recorded in salaries and benefits to reflect their functions related to operating a public company rather than general exploration services performed in 2015. The spin-out transactions in 2015 produced higher operating expenses in professional fees and stock exchange fees.
Fiscal 2012”2015 compared to Fiscal 2014
For the year ended December 31, 2015 ("Fiscal 2015"), the Company recorded a net loss and comprehensive loss of $1,477,977 or $0.02 per share compared to a net loss and comprehensive loss of $14,700,739 or $0.23 per share for the year ended December 31, 2014 ("Fiscal 2014"). The decrease of $3,881,768 in net loss was primarily thea result of a decreasegain on transfer of spin-out assets of $3,115,422 and increased expenses in Fiscal 2014 from impairment charged against its investment in associate of marketable securities of $2,582,076, share-based payments of $1,334,300 and$6,637,288, impairment of exploration and evaluation assets of $897,818 offset by an increase in loss on exploration$2,570,664, and evaluation assetsdeferred income tax expense of $763,506 and investment in associate of $905,852.$1,839,482 compared to Fiscal 2015.
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The Company has no revenue from mining operations as it only conducts exploration and development work. The revenueOther income (loss) of $220,432$2,710,588 during Fiscal 20132015 consisted mainly of interest income, administrative service fees collected from Almadex and gain on transfer of spin-out assets. During Fiscal 2014, the Company recorded other loss of $9,496,172 largely due from impairment of exploration and evaluation assets and impairment of investment in associate. Income sources in Fiscal 2014 came from interest income, from office rental fees and a royalty payment from Gold Mountain from the Elk property compared to total revenue of $299,167 during Fiscal 2012 consisting of interest income and other income from office rental and contract exploration servicesdrilling program provided to a third parties.party.
During Fiscal 2013, there was a loss on exploration and evaluation assets of $716,006 as a result of selling nine properties resulting in a total loss of $102,942, of the Company paying $469,045 in the form of cash and shares as part of the consideration payable to obtain a reduction in a royalty with respect to a property interest in Caballo Blanco property, the result of a 2011 royalty agreement that has been subsequently amended pursuant to an Amended Royalty Agreement, and an accrued reversal from a previous years’ recovery of exploration costs that resulted in a loss on exploration and evaluation assets of $144,019. The accrual relates to a Canada Revenue Agency review of Almaden’s 2010 and 2011 British Columbia Mining Exploration Tax Credit (“BCMETC”) from various grassroots mineral projects in B.C. During Fiscal 20122015, there was income on exploration and evaluation assets of $32,920 as a result of a Canada Revenue Agency refund through a British Columbia Mining Exploration Tax Credit ("BCMETC") from the saleMerit project in B.C., Canada that was spun out to Almadex. During Fiscal 2014, there was an income on exploration and evaluation assets of one property and$55,111 as a result of a reduction of the recovery ofDecember 2013 accrual to reverse previous years' exploration costs from a CRA review of $47,500.Almaden's 2010 and 2011 BCMETC claim from various grassroots projects in B.C., Canada.
General exploration expenses of $707,542$432,764 were incurred in Fiscal 20132015 compared to $969,470$592,105 for Fiscal 2012.2014. These expenditures vary according to management decisions on work to be done on any property. Given the current market conditions at that time, less exploration work was completed to conserve capital and allow the Company to focus on the Tuligtic project.
Significant non-cash items in Fiscal 20132015 compared to Fiscal 20122014 included impairment of investment in associate, impairment of marketable securities, impairment of exploration and evaluation assets, loss on exploration and evaluation assets,deferred income tax expense, impairment of marketable securities, share-based payments and fair-value of contingent share receivable. During Fiscal 2013, the loss on investment in associateassociate. During Fiscal 2015, an impairment of $818,889 (Fiscal 2012 – income of $86,963) was the recognition of the equity loss/income in Gold Mountain. . The gain or loss on investment in associate can vary periodof $470,700 was recognized (Fiscal 2014 - $6,637,288). In 2015 it was determined that the decline in value in Gold Mountain's shares was considered to period based onbe significant and prolonged, as a result, the stock price performance of Gold Mountain. Impairment of marketable securities of $1,274,743 in Fiscal 2013 (Fiscal 2012 - $3,856,819) relatesCompany wrote-down its investment to significant or prolonged losses of equity securities held by the Company.fair value. Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets of $371,038 in Fiscal 2013$97,044 (Fiscal 20122014 - $1,268,856) fluctuate$2,570,664) fluctuates period to period based on management’smanagement's evaluation of the carrying value of each exploration and evaluation asset held at that time. The loss on exploration and evaluation assets during Fiscal 2013deferred income tax recovery of $716,006$404,600 (Fiscal 2012 –2014 deferred income of $47,500)tax expense - $1,839,482) relates to the loss onMexican Special Mining Duty ("SMD") associated with the sales of nine properties, obtaining a reduction in a royalty and the accrual of a reversal from a previous years’ recovery of exploration costs. Share-based payments of $381,950 in Fiscal 2013 (Fiscal 2012 - $1,716,250) are recognized on the grant of stock options in any period. The fair-value of contingent share receivable of $44,700 decreased compared to the same period in 2012 ($238,200) due to the decline in the fair value of the common shares of Gold Mountain and Goldgroup.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Fiscal 2016
At the end of Fiscal 2016, the Company had working capital of $9,293,081 including cash and cash equivalents of $9,770,006 compared to working capital of $5,808,473 including cash and cash equivalents of $6,222,778 at the end of Fiscal 2015. The increase in working capital of $3,484,608 is mainly due to a non-brokered private placement in May 2016 and the exercise of warrants in July 2016.
Management believes that the Company's cash resources are sufficient to meet its working capital and mineral exploration requirements for its next fiscal year. On May 25, 2016, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement for gross proceeds of $4,359,260. Furthermore, the Company received $7,130,747 through the exercise of 4,592,667 warrants during 2013.2016.
41
Cash used in operations during Fiscal 20132016 was $1,628,440$2,321,136 (Fiscal 20122015 - $2,723,237)$3,015,966) after adjusting for non-cash activities.
Cash used in investing activities during Fiscal 20132016 was $8,199,490$5,524,623 (Fiscal 20122015 - $3,233,514)$4,362,807). Significant items include expenditures on mineral property interests of $8,253,489$5,177,485 (Fiscal 20122015 - $7,407,896)$3,668,974) primarily on land acquisition of $1,001,706$1,578,436 (Fiscal 20122015 - $Nil)$831,455) and drillingexploration costs on the Tuligtic property of $6,800,208$3,868,910 (Fiscal 20122015 - $6,318,731)$3,048,151). The Company also invested $324,600 (Fiscal 2015 - $692,000) pursuant to the terms of an Asset Purchase Option Agreement dated October 16, 2015 with Alaska Gold Company, LLC and Bering Straits Native Corporation (the "Asset Purchase Option Agreement") in respect of an option on certain mining equipment referred to as the "Rock Creek mill".
Management estimates that the current cash position and expected future cash flows from stock options and warrants and the participation of partner’s potentialequity financing will be sufficient for the Company to carry out its anticipated exploration and operating plans for the foreseeable future. There may be circumstances where, for sound business reasons, a reallocation of funds may be necessary in order for the Company to achieve its stated business objectivesobjectives.
Fiscal 2012
2015
At the end of Fiscal 2012,2015, the Company had a working capital of $19,474,784$5,808,473 including cash and cash equivalents of $16,487,408$6,222,778 compared to working capital of $30,513,403$9,171,791 including cash and cash equivalents of $21,184,159$8,172,598 at the end of Fiscal 2011. In addition,2014. The decline in working capital of $3,363,318 is mainly due to current assets spun out to Almadex including Marketable Securities and Gold Inventory. During Fiscal 2015, the market valueCompany closed two non-brokered private placements for gross proceeds of $8,905,000 to continue the Company’s inventory of gold bullion (1,597 ounces) at December 31, 2012 was $2,666,437 or $2,391,669 above book value as presented in the financial statements.Ixtaca exploration and development program.
Management believes that the Company’sCompany's cash resources are sufficient to meet its working capital and mineral exploration requirements for its next fiscal year. Management has a proven track record to be able to raise money even in a very challenging financial marketplace as evident in the foreseeable future. The Company has no long-term debt.private placement during 2015.
Cash used in operations induring Fiscal 20122015 was $2,723,237 (2011$3,015,966 (Fiscal 2014 - $3,568,646)$2,910,414) after adjusting for non-cash activities. Significant changes in non-cash items in the current year are mainly due to impairment on marketable securities. Significant changes in non-cash items in the comparable year include income on mineral property options and share-based payments.
Cash used in investing activities
42
On November 17, 2015, the Company closed on a non-brokered private placement by the issuance of 4,506,666 units at a price of $0.75 per unit for gross proceeds to the Company of $3,380,000 less share issue costs of $122,609. Each unit consisted of one common share and one-half of one non-transferrable common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share at a price of $1.00 per common share until November 17, 2017. A finder's fee of $73,550 in cash and finder's warrants to purchase up to 35,200 common shares at a price of $0.77 per common share until November 17, 2017 was paid on a portion of the placement. The fair value of the finder's warrants of $5,984 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Management estimates that the current cash position and expected future cash flows from stock options and onwarrants and the exerciseparticipation of 1,481,499 warrants.equity financing will be sufficient for the Company to carry out its anticipated exploration and operating plans for the foreseeable future. There may be circumstances where, for sound business reasons, a reallocation of funds may be necessary in order for the Company to achieve its stated business objectives.
Fiscal 2011
2014
At the end of Fiscal 2011,2014, the Company had a working capital of $30,513,403$9,171,791 including cash and cash equivalents of $21,184,159$8,172,598 compared to working capital of $29,187,035$12,676,166 including cash and cash equivalents of $16,087,832 and a short term investment of $2,000,000$11,994,773 at the end of Fiscal 2010. 2013. The decline in working capital of $3,504,375 is mainly due to capitalized exploration expenses incurred in Ixtaca of $ 6,293,904. During Fiscal 2014, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement for gross proceeds of $6,000,000 to continue the Ixtaca exploration and development program.
In addition, the market value of the Company’sCompany's inventory of gold bullion (1,597 ounces) at December 31, 2011the end of Fiscal 2014 was $2,547,173$2,200,086 or $2,272,405$1,925,318 above book value as presented in the financial statements.
Cash used in operations in Fiscal 2011 was $3,568,646 (2010 - $1,539,439) after adjusting for non-cash activities. Significant changes in non-cash items in the current period include income on mineral property options and share-based payments. Significant changes in non-cash items in the comparable period include income on mineral property options, share-based payments and write-down of mineral properties which fluctuate period to period based on management’s evaluation of the carrying value of each mineral property interest held at that time.
During Fiscal 2011,2014, the Company receivedclosed a total of $7,262,442 net of share issue costs on closing anon-brokered private placement financingby the issuance of 100,000 common flow-through shares4,000,000 units at a price of $4.00$1.50 per share, on the exercise of 2,030,000 stock options and on the exercise of 1,481,499 warrants. During Fiscal 2010,unit for gross proceeds to the Company received $11,172,391 net of $6,000,000 less share issue costs on closing several private placement financings and the exercise of options and warrants and the income tax recovery discussed above. One private placement$256,111. Each unit consisted of 3,000,000one common share and one-half of one non-transferrable common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share at a price of $2.00 per common share until August 1, 2015. A finder's fee of $107,400 in cash and finder's warrants to purchase up to 48,000 common shares at a price of $2.50$1.50 per share and its over-allotment of 450,000 common shares also at a price of $2.50 per share, one consisted of 1,003,821 common flow-through shares at a price of $1.20 per share with 49,997 broker's warrants entitling the brokers to purchase 49,997 common non-flow-through shares until June 29, 2011 issued to brokers in consideration of their services, and one consisted of 350,000 units at a price of $1.00 per unit. Each unit consists of one common flow-through share and one-half of a non-flow-through warrant with each whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share atuntil August 1, 2015 was paid on a priceportion of $1.00 per share until March 16, 2011. 4,375 non-flow-through common shares and 2,625 flow-through common shares were issued to finders in respectthe placement. The fair value of this placement. And one consistedthe finder's warrants of 81,200 common flow-through shares at a price$15,361 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company also received $121,500 (Fiscal 2013 - $223,550) on the exercise of $3.50 per share. 895,000150,000 (Fiscal 2013 – 220,000) stock options and 740,658 warrants were also exercised during the year.2014.
Research and Development, Patents and Licenses
The Company conducts no Research and Development activities, nor is it dependent upon any patents or licenses.
Trend information
43
However, it remains unclear how long the significant volatility in metals prices will continue. In prior years, significant selling on Comex and redemptions from gold and silver funds holding these metals. The sharplycontributed to the steep reduction in metal prices. These lower metal prices havein turn resulted in large producers selling non-core or high cost assets, suspending or shelving new mine construction, and initiating severe cost control measures.measures, including sharply reducing exploration expenditures. The lower price environment also led to large write-downs of assets and recent acquisitions by many companies, have been well publicized, and have resulted in significant reductions to mineable reserves worldwide. Lower prices also resultsresult in miners selectively mining higher grade portions of a deposit, which may effectively sterilize lower grade portions from ever being mined even with higher prices at a later date. Reserves are also declining due to mining operations, yet generally speaking these depleted reserves are not being replaced because of reduced exploration efforts.efforts over the past several years.
One of the easiest areas to cut costs is by cutting or eliminating exploration and acquisition activity. ManyWith the recovery in the precious metals markets and related improved financing climate, in 2016 we saw many large miners have reducedreturn to exploration to cut costs andafter a prolonged reduction in activity. However, in the wake of the difficult operating environment up until mid-2016, most junior explorationof these companies are having difficulty raisingstill quite risk-averse and as a result, what exploration capital. What capitalis taking place is focused near their own mine operations in an attempt to replace the depleted reserves, and very little early-stage, regional exploration is being raisedsupported by them. For the same reason, M&A activity has been muted as a number of miners are still working through acquisitions which were predicated on higher metal prices, while others are fully occupied optimizing their existing mine plans in a highly volatile environment.
Much of the volatility in precious metals prices is through equity sales at significantly reduced prices, which resultscaused by uncertainties regarding economic growth of the major economies and the policy response of central bankers to the economic environment. Geopolitical uncertainty has also increased recently with new leadership in significant dilution to shareholders. There is uncertaintythe United States questioning the utility of long-established international political and economic unions. Currency markets are responding with increased volatility, as to how long this trend will continue, whether competition for resources willwitnessed by the 17% decrease or intensify and how any change might affect metal prices. There is uncertainty in the Mexican peso versus the United States dollar in 2016. Given that varying proportions of the costs of production in mining operations are valued in the local currencies, whereas the metals themselves are generally sold in U.S. dollars, currency exchange rates due to economic conditions around the world and how these might affect both costs and profits. Companies at the feasibility study stage or raising capital for production startup are finding that mining costs are increasing. These factors require frequent review of plans and budgets againstcan have a backdrop of fewer quality exploration and development projects along with the long term shortage of skilled exploration personnel.
The uncertain times have led to some cash strapped governments to seek or threaten higher tax and royalty policies while others consider lowering them to attract investment. Globalization of trade and markets has been more important to the mineral industry than many other industries, and because of current conditions these concepts are under question by many vested interest groups. At the same time, environmental groups have successfully lobbied for more wilderness areas and parks where exploration and mining activities are prohibited. Native groups are actively pursuing land claims and there is a rise of militant national and religious groups in many parts of the world. Pressure from such groups can lead to increased regulation and this must be monitored closely to recognize a point where it becomes excessive. Even though metal mining does not have the level of output of so called greenhouse gasses as some other industries, and despite the unresolved science of and increasing doubt in the claims for global warming, manyMany governments are pursuing regulations and taxes on emissions of so called "greenhouse gases" that could raise costs.costs for many industries including metal mining. As more and more stakeholders become interested in mining ventures there is an increasing need to maintain cooperation with valid concerned groups, particularly among the local community where the project is located. Some of these issues tend to restrict the areas where mineral exploration and development of new mines can occur. This should make areas permissive to exploration more attractive and a previously discerned need for new, quality exploration projects based on sound geological work continues.
The world may be slow to recover fromfind direction within the current economic conditionsclimate, and a further deterioration of these conditions remains a serious threat. If such deterioration occurs, and depending on the policy response of domestic governments, lower economicindustrial activity would probably alsomay be the result and this could lower the demand for base metals, butalthough management believes that precious metals will continue to be in demand as a store of value.
The Company plans to continue its work programs on the Ixtaca project with the aim of it developing into one of the more attractive advanced projects in the world in the expectation that the markets for gold and silver projects will improve.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements other than the lease related to its office premises as disclosed below.
44
Contractual Obligations
The Company is obligated under an operating lease for its office premises with the following aggregate minimum lease payments to the expiration of the lease on August 30, 2017. On January 2017, the Company signed a new office lease effective April 1, 2017 through to March 31, 2016.2022. The Company does have government requirements in work and/or taxes to maintain other claims held. The decision to keep or abandon such claims is not contractual but at the discretion of the Company. All other property option payments on the Company’sCompany's projects have been assumed by third parties who are earning their interests in the projects.
On January 29, 2013, the Company entered into contracts with its Chairman and President for an annual remuneration of $240,000 and $265,000 respectively effective January 1, 2013, for two years, renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months.months each. Effective December 31, 2015, the Chairman's contract was mutually terminated and effective January 1, 2016, the Company and the Chairman entered into a new contract for an annual remuneration of $240,000 for two years, renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months each. The Chairman's contract and the President's contract were amended April 1, 2016. Effective May 24, 2011, as amended April 1, 2016, the Company and the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") entered into an Employment Agreement for an indefinite term and, effective September 22, 2014, as amended April 1, 2016, the Company and the Vice President, Corporate Development ("VP") entered into an Employment Agreement for an indefinite term. Effective January 1, 2016, the Chairman's and President's base salaries ("Base Salary") were $240,000 and $265,000, respectively, and the CFO's and VP's Base Salaries were $185,000 and $175,000, respectively. Table No. 4 lists the total contractual obligations as at December 31, 20132016 for each period. Under an Administrative Services Agreement between the Company and Almadex Minerals Limited, the Company provides management services to Almadex. Almadex compensates the Company 30% of any shared personnel remuneration and office overhead expenses. Therefore, Almaden currently recovers 30% of the contractual compensation amounts for the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President, Corporate Development.
Table No. 4
Contractual Obligations of the Company
| Payments due by period | ||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 year | 1 – 3 years | 3 – 5 years | More than 5 years | ||||||
| Operating lease | $ 830,124 | $182,890 | $299,294 | $309,188 | $38,752 | |||||
Executive contracts(1) | $1,810,000 | $545,000 | $785,000 | $480,000 | - | |||||
| Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | less than 1 year | 1 – 3 years | 3 – 5 Years | more than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease | $ | 162,700 | $ | 75,000 | $ | 87,700 | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Executive contracts | $ | 2,525,000 | $ | 505,000 | $ | 1,515,000 | $ | 505,000 | - | |||||||||||
(1) Pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement between the Company and Almadex Minerals Limited, the Company currently recovers 30% of the contractual compensation amounts for the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, as the executive contracts for the CFO and VP are not considered long term contractual obligations of the Company.
Contractual obligations of the Company in the above table exclude future option payments required to maintain the Company’sCompany's interest in certain mineral properties.
Significant accounting judgments and estimates
Significant assumptions about the future and other sources of judgementsjudgments and estimates that management has made at the statement of financial position date, that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made, relate to, but are not limited to, the following:
Critical Judgments
| o |
| The analysis of the functional currency for each entity of the |
| o | The determination that the carrying amount of the Tuligtic Project will be recovered through use rather than sale. |
Estimates
| o | The recoverability of amounts receivable which are included in the consolidated statements of financial position; |
| o |
| o |
| o |
| o | The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options and warrants in order to calculate share-based payments expense and the fair value of finders' warrants and stock options. Certain inputs |
| o |
| o |
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Table No. 5 lists the directors and senior management of the Company.Company as of March 28, 2017. The directors have served in their respective capacities since their election and/or appointment and will serve until the next annual general meeting of the Company or until a successor is duly elected, unless the office is vacated in accordance with the Articles of the Company. All directors are residents and citizens of Canada.
| Table No. 5 | ||
| Directors of the Company | ||
| Name | Age | Date First Elected or Appointed |
James Duane Poliquin | 76 | February 1, 2002(4) |
John D. McCleary(2)(3) | 76 | |
| Morgan Poliquin | 45 | February 1, 2002(4) |
Gerald G. Carlson(1)(2)(3) | 71 | |
Mark T. Brown (1)(3) | 48 | 30-May-11 |
William J. Worrall(1)(2)(3) | 84 | 7-May-13 |
| 8-Aug-16 | ||
(1) Member of Audit Committee
(2) Member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
(3) Member of Compensation Committee
(4) Date of issue of the Certificate of Amalgamation
(5) David Strang was appointed a Director of the Company on August 8, 2016 following the resignation of Joseph Montgomery
Duane Poliquin was a director of Almaden Resources Corporation since September 1980, Jack McCleary since June 1991 and Morgan Poliquin since June 1999.
Duane Poliquin was a director of Fairfield Minerals Ltd. since June 1996, Joseph Montgomery since July 2000 and Gerald G. Carlson since July 1998.
Table No.6 lists the Executive Officers of the Company.Company as of March 28, 2017. The Executive Officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, subject to the terms of executive compensation agreements hereinafter described. All Executive Officers are residents and citizens of Canada.
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Table No. 6
Executive Officers of the Company
| Name | Position | Age | Date First Appointed | |
James Duane Poliquin | Chairman of the Board | 76 | February 1, 2002 (4) | |
| Morgan Poliquin | President and Chief Executive Officer | 45 | March 1, 2007 | |
| Korm Trieu | Chief Financial Officer | 51 | May 30, 2011 | |
| Douglas McDonald | Vice-President, Corporate Development | 48 |
Duane Poliquin was appointed an Officer of Almaden Resources Corporation in September 1980 and of Fairfield Minerals Ltd. in June 1996. Dione Bitzer was appointed an Officer of Fairfield Minerals Ltd. in March 2001.
Duane Poliquin is a registered professional geological engineer with over 50 years of experience in mineral exploration and he is the founding shareholder of Almaden Resources Corporation. He gained international experience working with major mining companies where he participated in the discovery of several important mineral deposits. Mr. Poliquin has held executive positions and directorships with several junior resource companies over his career. He was founder and President of Westley Mines Ltd. when that company discovered the Santa Fe gold deposit in Nevada. Mr. Poliquin spends virtually all of his time on the affairs of the Company. HeCompany and Almadex Minerals Limited of which he also serves as Chairman of the Board and a director of Gold Mountain Mining Corporation.
director.
director.
John D. (Jack) McCleary is a registered professional geologist with over 40 yearsyears' experience in petroleum and mineral exploration. He has held executive positions with several junior resource companies over his career and for several years was a Vice President of Dominion Securities Ltd. He served as a director and President of Canadian Hydro Developers Inc. until December 1995 at which time he retired and as a director and President of Troymin Resources Ltd. until April 2003 at which time Troymin amalgamated with Santoy Resources Ltd. where he served as a director for 5 years. Mr. McCleary is also a director of Almadex Minerals Limited and spends less than 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company.
Morgan Poliquin, Ph.D., P.Eng., is a registered professional geological engineer with over 20 yearsyears' experience in mineral exploration since graduating with a B.A.Sc. degree in geological engineering from the University of British Columbia (1994). In 1996 he earned a M.Sc. in geology from the University of Auckland, New Zealand studying geothermal and epithermal deposits in the South Pacific including the Emperor Gold Deposit, Fiji. In 2010, Dr. Poliquin earned his Ph.D. in Geology from the Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter. He is President and CEO of the Company and oversees corporate matters as well as directing the Company’sCompany's exploration program. Dr. Poliquin spends virtually all of his time ondirecting the exploration programs and the affairs of the Company directing its exploration programs. Hein Almaden and Almadex Minerals Limited of which he also serves as President, CEO and a director of Gold Mountain Mining Corporation.
director.
director.
Gerald G. CarlsonPh.D., P.Eng, has been involved in mineral exploration and junior exploration company management for over 40 years. Mr. Carlson has a B.A.Sc. from the University of Toronto, a M.Sc. from Michigan Technological University and a Ph.D. from Dartmouth College. He is President, CEO and a director of Pacific Ridge Exploration Ltd., a gold and zinc exploration company listed on the TSX-V. He is a past President of AME BC (formerly the B.C. and Yukon Chamber of Mines), President of the Society of Economic Geologists Canada Foundation, a Fellow of the Society of Economic Geologists, a member of the Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia, the Professional Engineers of the Yukon Territory and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum. Mr. Carlson spends less than 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company. He also serves as Vice President of Exploration of Pacific Ridge Exploration Ltd., a gold and copper exploration company listed on the TSX-V and a director of Golden Peak Minerals Inc., a polymetallic (Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag) exploration company listed on the TSX-V.
Mark T. Brown is a Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA, CA) and earned a Bachelor’sBachelor's Degree in Commerce from the University of British Columbia in 1990. Mr. Brown received his Chartered Accountant’sAccountant's designation in 1993 while working at Price Waterhouse, Chartered Accountants. From 1994 to 1997, he was the controller of two TSE (now TSX) 300 mining companies, one after the other, each of which produced in excess of 100,000 ounces of gold annually. At the end of 1997, Mr. Brown joined Pacific Opportunity Capital Ltd. which was set up to provide business financial support, both administratively and for transactions and negotiations, to public and private emerging companies. Mr. Brown spends approximately 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company. He also serves as a director and CFOexecutive chairman of Big Sky Petroleum Corporation, an oilAlianza Minerals Ltd. and gas exploration company listed on the TSX-V and Tarsis ResourcesAvrupa Minerals Ltd., aboth mineral exploration companycompanies listed on the TSX-V. Mr. Brown also serves as a director and/or Chief Financial Officer of the following companies:
| a. |
| b. |
| Director - Galileo Petroleum Ltd., an oil and gas exploration company listed on the TSX-V. |
| Director - Strategem Capital Corp., an investment issuer listed on the TSX-V. |
| Director - Sutter Gold Mining Ltd., a gold exploration company listed on the TSX-V. |
| e. | Director - Paget Minerals Ltd., an exploration company listed on the TSX-V. |
| f. | Director - Almadex Minerals Limited, an exploration company listed on the TSX-V. |
| g. | Chief Financial Officer - Affinor Growers Ltd., an agricultural technology company listed on the CNSX. |
| h. | Chief Financial Officer - Adamera Minerals Corp., an exploration company listed on the TSX-V. |
William J. Worrall, Q.C. is a retired lawyer with over 55 years practice primarily in the areas of securities, national and transnational corporate and commercial transactions, including mergers and acquisitions, with emphasis on junior resource companies engaged in mining and oil and gas exploration and development. Mr. Worrall spends less than 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company. He is also a director of Almadex Minerals Limited.
David Strang holds a Bachelor of Science in Applied Earth Sciences from Stanford University. David serves as Director, CEO and President of Ero Copper Corporation. Previously, David served as Director, CEO and President of Lumina Copper Corp. and Lumina Royalty Corp. He also served as CEO and President of Global Copper Corp. and Lumina Resources Corp. Mr. Strang spends less than 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company.
Korm Trieu is a Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA, CA) and holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of British Columbia and has spent over 15 years in corporate finance, administration and tax services, primarily in the natural resource, financial service and real estate sectors. From 2008-2011, he served as Vice President Finance for Sprott Resource Lending Corp. where he oversaw the Finance and Administration departments of a natural resource lending company. Mr. Trieu spends approximately all of his business time on the affairs of the Company.Company and Almadex Minerals Limited of which he is also the Chief Financial Officer.
There are no arrangements or understandings with any two or more directors or executive officers pursuant to which any such person was selected as a director or executive officer. Duane Poliquin, Chairman of the Board and Director, is the father of Morgan Poliquin, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director.
48
During Fiscal 2012, the Compensation Committee conducted an Executive and Directors Compensation Review which resulted in the recommendations that remuneration of2016, the Chairman was remunerated at hi Based Salary of $240,000 per annum and the Chief Executive Officer be increased to annual remunerationwas remunerated at his Base Salary of $265,000 per annum. The Chief Executive Officer's employment contract includes terms for two additional successive terms of 24 months each (the "Extended Term") ending December 31, 2018. Effective December 31, 2015, the Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. contract was terminated by mutual consent with the Company and the Chairman entered into a new employment contract directly with the Company. The new employment contract includes a Base Salary of $240,000 per annum and $265,000 respectivelyhas an effective date of January 1, 2013, for two years,2016. It has an initial two-year term and is renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months. months each (the "Extended Term") ending December 31, 2021.
During Fiscal 2016, the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") was remunerated at his base salary of $185,000, and the Vice President, Corporate Development ("VP") was remunerated at his base salary of $175,000 per annum. Each of the CFO's and VP's employment agreements have indefinite terms.
Under an Administrative Services Agreement between the Company and Almadex Minerals Limited, the Company provides management services to Almadex. Almadex compensates the Company 30% of any shared personnel remuneration and office overhead expenses. Therefore, Almaden currently recovers 30% of the contractual compensation amounts for the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President, Corporate Development.
All non-management Directors are to be compensated $7,000 yearly and the Chairs of the Audit Committee and Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee be compensated $3,000 yearly, effective January 1, 2013. The Compensation Committee also recommended that, with respect to Director stock options, up to 250,000 options be granted to each non-management Director. Directors are entitled to reimbursement for reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may award special remuneration to any director undertaking any special services on behalf of the Company other than services ordinarily required of a director. Other than indicated below no director received any compensation for his services as a director, including committee participation and/or special assignments.assignments, or will receive compensation on termination.
Total compensation paid by the Company directly and/or indirectly to all directors and executive officers during Fiscal 20132016 was $854,000.$796,475 (Fiscal 2015 - $789,408) after recovery by the Company of 30% of executive officer compensation pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement between the Company and Almadex Minerals Limited.
Table No. 7
Summary Compensation Table
| Long-Term Compensation | ||||||||
| Annual Compensation | Awards | |||||||
| Restricted | Options/ | |||||||
| Name and | Fiscal | Other Annual | Stock | SARS | LTIP | All Other | ||
| Principle Position | Year | Salary(1) | Bonus | Compensation | Awards | Granted | Payouts | Compensation |
| (#) | ||||||||
Duane Poliquin Chairman of the Board & Director | 2016 2015 2014 | $168,000 Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 550,000 485,000 Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil $193,333(2) $240,000(2) |
Morgan Poliquin President, Chief Executive Officer & Director | 2016 2015 2014 | $185,500 $231,875 $265,000 | $92,750 Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 700,000 965,000 400,000 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil |
Jack McCleary Director | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 218,000 207,000 Nil | Nil Nil Nil | $10,000(3)(5) $10,000(3)(5) $10,000(3)(5) |
Joseph Montgomery Former Director(10) | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil 145,000 Nil | Nil Nil Nil | $7,000(3) $7,000(3) $10,000(3)(4) |
Gerald G. Carlson Director | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 100,000 237,000 50,000 | Nil Nil Nil | $7,000(3) $7,000(3) $7,000(3) |
Barry W. Smee Former Director(8) | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil $7,000(3) $7,000(3) |
Mark T. Brown Director, | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 68,000 232,000 25,000 | Nil Nil Nil | $10,000(3)(4) $11,200(3)(4)(6) $7,000(3) |
William J. Worrall Director | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 5,000 145,000 Nil | Nil Nil Nil | $7,000(3) $7,000(3) $4,550(3) |
James E. McInnes Former Director | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil $2,450(3) |
David Strang(11) Director | 2016 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | 400,000 | Nil | Nil |
Korm Trieu Chief Financial Officer | 2016 2015 2014 | $129,500 $161,875 $185,000 | $38,850 Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 150,000 145,000 50,000 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil |
Dione Bitzer Former Controller(9) | 2016 2015 2014 | Nil Nil $87,500 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil |
Douglas McDonald Vice President, Corporate Development | 2016 2015 2014 | $122,500 $153,125 $48,125(7) | $18,375 Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil | 170,000 130,000 150,000 | Nil Nil Nil | Nil Nil Nil |
| (1) | ||||||||
Plan of Arrangement with Almadex on July 31, 2015, Almadex has compensated the Company | ||||||||
| (2) |
| (3) | Director's fees. |
| (4) | Audit Committee |
| (5) | Compensation Committee |
| (6) | For |
| (7) | Commenced employment on September 22, 2014. |
| (8) | Barry Smee resigned as a Director of the |
| (9) | Dione Bitzer was not nominated as an officer in Fiscal 2015 and resigned on July 31, 2016. |
| (10) | Joseph Montgomery resigned as a Director of the Company effective August 8, 2016. |
| (11) | David Strang commenced as a Director of the Company effective August 8, 2016. |
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Remuneration foron Termination
The Company has the following termination clauses within its executive compensationemployment contracts.
(1)Chairman
The Company entered into a new Executive Employment Contract (the "DP Agreement") dated January 1, 2016, as amended by Amending Agreement dated April 1, 2016 (the "DP Agreement") between the Company and Duane Poliquin (the "Executive" under the DP Agreement) which replaces an expired Executive Compensation Contract dated January 29, 2013 (the “HMR Agreement”"HMR Agreement") between the Company and Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. (“("Management Company”Company"), a private company of which Duane Poliquin (the "Executive" under the HMR Agreement) is a shareholder, which was terminated by mutual agreement on December 31, 2015. The DP Agreement will terminate or may be terminated for any one of the following reasons:
| (a) |
| (b) | without Cause, upon at least three (3) months prior written notice of termination by the Company to the |
| (c) | by the Company for Cause; or |
| (d) | upon the death or disability of the Executive; or |
| (e) | upon retirement by the Executive. |
Termination by the Management CompanyExecutive Voluntarily or by the Company for Cause
If the Management CompanyExecutive shall voluntarily terminate the provision of the services of the Executiveemployment under the HMRDP Agreement or if the engagementemployment of the Management CompanyExecutive thereunder is terminated by the Company for Cause, then all compensation and benefits as theretofore provided shall terminate immediately upon the effective date of termination and no special terminationseverance compensation will be paid.
Cause to terminate the Management Company’s engagementExecutive's employment under the HMRDP Agreement shall mean:
| (a) | the repeated and demonstrated failure by the Executive |
| (b) | the willful engagement by the Executive |
| (c) | any other willful violation by the Executive |
| (d) | the Executive |
Termination by the Company Without Cause
If the Company shall terminate the Management Company’s engagementExecutive's employment under the HMRDP Agreement for any reason except for Cause or Disability then, upon the effective date of termination, the Company shall pay the Management CompanyExecutive in one lump sum an amount equal to two (2) times the Management Company’sExecutive's then current Base Fee.Salary, less all statutory withholdings and deductions. All the benefits theretofore provided to the Executive or the Management Company shall be continued as if the Executive was still an executiveemployee of the Company for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of termination.termination or until equal or better benefits are provided by a new employer, whichever shall first occur.
Termination by Death or Disability
If the Executive dies or becomes disabled before the Management Company’s services areExecutive's employment is otherwise terminated, the Company shall pay the Management Company,Executive or the Executive's estate, an amount of compensation equal to six (6) months of the Management Company’sExecutive's then current Base FeeSalary and all the benefits theretofore provided to the Executive or the Management Company shall be continued, for a period of six (6) months from the date of Death or Disability as if the Executive were still an executive officeremployee of the Company. If such termination is due to the Executive’sExecutive's Death, payment shall be made in one lump sum to the Management Company.Executive's Designate within 60 days of the Executive's death. If no Executive's Designate survives the Executive, the entire amount shall be paid to the Executive's estate. If such termination is due to the Executive’sExecutive's Disability, payment shall be made in one lump sum to the Management CompanyExecutive within sixty (60) days of the Executive’sExecutive's Disability. The compensation provided under this paragraph shall be in addition to that payable from any insurance coverage providing compensation upon Death or Disability.
51
Termination Following Change in Control
For purposes of the HMRDP Agreement, a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred if:
| (i) | any person or any person and such |
| (ii) | during any period of eighteen (18) consecutive months (not including any period prior to the Effective Date), individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors and any new directors, whose appointment by the Board of Directors or nomination for election by the |
| (iii) | the acquisition by any person or by any person and such |
| (iv) | the business or businesses of the Company for which the Executive's services are principally performed, are disposed of by the Company pursuant to a partial or complete liquidation, dissolution, consolidation or merger of the Company, or a sale or transfer of all or a significant portion of the Company's assets. |
Notwithstanding any other provisions in the HMRDP Agreement regarding termination, if any of the events described above constituting a Change in Control shall have occurred during the Term or an Extended Term, upon the termination of the Management Company’s servicesExecutive's employment (unless such termination is because of the Executive’sExecutive's Death or Disability, by the Company for Cause or by the Management CompanyExecutive other than for “Good Reason”"Good Reason", as defined below) the Management CompanyExecutive shall be entitled to and will receive no later than the fifteenth (15th) day following the date of termination a lump sum payment equal to three (3) times the Management Company’sExecutive's then current Base Fee.Salary. In addition, all benefits then applicable to the Executive or the Management Company shall be continued for a period of eighteen (18) months after the date of termination.
For purposes of the HMRAgreement, “Good Reason”DP Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean, without the Management Company’sExecutive's express written consent, any of the following:
| (i) | the assignment to the Executive of any duties inconsistent with the status or authority of the |
| (ii) | a reduction by the Company of the |
52
| (iii) | the relocation of the office of the Company where the Executive is employed at the time of the Change in Control (the |
| (iv) | the failure by the Company to continue to provide the Executive |
| (v) | the failure of the Company to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to assume and agree to perform the |
Following a Change in Control during the Term, or an Extended Term, the Management CompanyExecutive shall be entitled to stop providingterminate the Executive’s servicesExecutive's employment for Good Reason.
In the event the Management CompanyExecutive is entitled to a terminationseverance payment under the HMRDP Agreement, then in addition to such terminationseverance payment, the Management CompanyExecutive shall be entitled to employment search assistance to secure other comparable employment for the Executive for a period not to exceed one (1) year or until such comparable employment is found, whichever is the sooner, with fees for such assistance to be paid by the Company.
The Management Company’sExecutive's right to receive the aforementioned payment and benefits is expressly contingent upon the signing of a waiver and release satisfactory to the Company which releases the Company and its affiliates from all claims and liabilities arising out of the Management Company’s provision of the Executive’s servicesExecutive's employment and termination thereof and including confidentiality provisions, which waiver and release is satisfactory to the Company with the respect to form, substance and timeliness.
(2)President & CEO
The Executive Employment Contract dated January 29, 2013, as amended by Amending Agreement dated April 1, 2016 (the "MP Agreement") between the Company and Morgan Poliquin (the “MP”)"Executive" under the MP Agreement) will terminate or may be terminated for any one of the following reasons:
| (a) |
| (b) | without Cause, upon at least three (3) months prior written notice of termination by the Company to the Executive; or |
| (c) | by the Company for Cause; or |
| (d) | upon the death or disability of the Executive; or |
| (e) | upon retirement by the Executive. |
Termination by the Executive Voluntarily or by the Company for Cause
If the Executive shall voluntarily terminate employment under the MP Agreement or if the employment of the Executive is terminated by the Company for Cause, then all compensation and benefits as theretofore provided shall terminate immediately upon the effective date of termination and no special severance compensation will be paid.
53
Cause to terminate the Executive’sExecutive's employment shall mean:
| (a) | the repeated and demonstrated failure by the Executive to perform the |
| (b) | the willful engagement by the Executive in misconduct which is materially injurious to the Company, monetarily or otherwise; or |
| (c) | any other willful violation by the Executive of the provisions of the MP Agreement; or |
| (d) | the Executive is convicted of a criminal offence involving fraud or dishonesty. |
Termination by the Company Without Cause
If the Company shall terminate the Executive’sExecutive's employment under the MP Agreement for any reason except for Cause then, upon the effective date of termination, the Company shall pay the Executive in one lump sum an amount equal to two (2) times the Executive’sExecutive's then current Base Salary, less all statutory withholdings and deductions. All the benefits theretofore provided to the Executive shall be continued as if the Executive was still an employee of the Company for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of termination or until equal or better benefits are provided by a new employer, whichever shall first occur.
Termination by Death or Disability
If the Executive dies or becomes disabled before the Executive’sExecutive's employment is otherwise terminated, the Company shall pay the Executive or the Executive’sExecutive's estate, an amount of compensation equal to six (6) months of the Executive’sExecutive's then current Base Salary and all the benefits theretofore provided to the Executive shall be continued, for a period of six (6) months from the date of Death or Disability as if the Executive were still an employee of the Company. If such termination is due to the Executive’sExecutive's Death, payment shall be made in one lump sum to the Executive’s Designate.Executive's Designate within sixty (60) days of the Executive's death. If no Executive’sExecutive's Designate survives the Executive, the entire amount shall be paid to the Executive’s estate within sixty (60) days of the Executive’s death.Executive's estate. If such termination is due to the Executive’sExecutive's Disability, payment shall be made in one lump sum to the Executive within sixty (60) days of the Executive’sExecutive's Disability. The compensation provided under this paragraph shall be in addition to that payable from any insurance coverage providing compensation upon Death or Disability.
Termination Following Change in Control
For purposes of the MP Agreement, a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred if:
| (i) | any person or any person and such |
| (ii) | during any period of eighteen (18) consecutive months (not including any period prior to the Effective Date), individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors and any new directors, whose appointment by the Board of Directors or nomination for election by the |
| (iii) | the acquisition by any person or by any person and such |
54
| (iv) | the business or businesses of the Company for which the Executive's services are principally performed, are disposed of by the Company pursuant to a partial or complete liquidation, dissolution, consolidation or merger of the Company, or a sale or transfer of all or a significant portion of the Company's assets. |
Notwithstanding any other provisions in the MP Agreement regarding termination, if any of the events described above constituting a Change in Control shall have occurred during the Term or an Extended Term, upon the termination of the Executive’sExecutive's employment (unless such termination is because of the Executive’sExecutive's Death or Disability, by the Company for Cause or by the Executive other than for “Good Reason”"Good Reason", as defined below) the Executive shall be entitled to and will receive no later than the fifteenth (15th) day following the date of termination a lump sum severance payment equal to three (3) times the Executive’sExecutive's then current Base Salary. In addition, all benefits then applicable to the Executive shall be continued for a period of eighteen (18) months after the date of termination.
For purposes of the MP Agreement, “Good Reason”"Good Reason" shall mean, without the Executive’sExecutive's express written consent, any of the following:
| (i) | the assignment to the Executive of any duties inconsistent with the status or authority of the |
| (ii) | a reduction by the Company in the |
| (iii) | the relocation of the office of the Company where the Executive is employed at the time of the Change in Control (the |
| (iv) | the failure by the Company to continue to provide the Executive with benefits at least as favourable as those enjoyed by the Executive prior to the Change in Control, the taking of any action by the Company which would directly or indirectly materially reduce any of such benefits or deprive the Executive of any material fringe benefit enjoyed by the Executive at the time of the Change in Control, or the failure by the Company to provide the Executive with the number of entitled vacation days to which the Executive has earned on the basis of years of service with the Company; or |
| (v) | the failure of the Company to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to assume and agree to perform the MP Agreement or, if the business of the Company for which the |
Following a Change in Control during the Term, or an Extended Term, the Executive shall be entitled to terminate the Executive’sExecutive's employment for Good Reason.
In the event the Executive is entitled to a severance payment under the MP Agreement, then in addition to such severance payment, the Executive shall be entitled to employment search assistance to secure other comparable employment for a period not to exceed one (1) year or until such comparable employment is found, whichever is the sooner, with fees for such assistance to be paid by the Company.
The Executive’sExecutive's right to receive the aforementioned payment and benefits is expressly contingent upon the signing of a waiver and release satisfactory to the Company which releases the Company and its affiliates from all claims and liabilities arising out of the Executive’sExecutive's employment and termination thereof and including confidentiality provisions, which waiver and release is satisfactory to the Company with respect to form, substance and timeliness.
55
(3)CFO
The Employment Agreement dated May 24, 2011 as amended April 1, 2016 (the "KT Agreement") between the Company and Korm Trieu (the "Employee" under the KT Agreement) may be terminated for any one of the following reasons:
| (a) | voluntarily by the Employee, upon at least sixty (60) days prior written notice of termination by the Employee to the Company; or |
| (b) | by the Company for cause; or |
| (c) | voluntarily by the Employee, upon at least sixty (60) days prior written notice of termination by the Employee to the Company; or |
| (d) | upon the physical and/or mental impairment of the Employee. |
Termination by the Employee Voluntarily or by the Company for Cause
If the Employee shall voluntarily terminate employment under the KT Agreement or if the employment of the Employee is terminated by the Company for cause, then all compensation and benefits as theretofore provided shall terminate immediately upon the effective date of termination and no special severance compensation will be paid.
Cause to terminate the Employee's employment shall mean:
| (a) | the repeated and demonstrated failure by the Executive to perform the Employee's material duties under the KT Agreement, after demand for substantial performance is delivered by the Company to the Employee that specifically identifies the manner in which the Company believes the Employee has not substantially performed the Employee's duties under the KT Agreement; or |
| (b) | the willful engagement by the Employee in misconduct which is materially injurious to the Company, monetarily or otherwise; or |
| (c) | any other willful violation by the Employee of the provisions of the KT Agreement; or |
| (d) | the Employee is convicted of a criminal offence involving fraud or dishonesty. |
Termination by the Company Without Cause
If the Company elects to terminate the Employee's employment for reasons other than cause, the Company shall pay the Employee, in one lump sum or in installments at the Company's discretion, a severance payment equal to twelve (12) months of the Employee's then current Based Salary.
Termination upon the physical and/or mental impairment of the Employee
If the Company terminates the Employee's employment for physical and/or mental impairment, the Company's financial obligation to the Employee is limited to that which the Employee would otherwise receive if the Company terminated the Employee's employment for no reason.
Termination Following Change in Control
For purposes of the KT Agreement, a change in control shall be deemed to have occurred if:
| (i) | any person or any person and such person's associates or affiliates, as such terms are defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia) (the "Act"), makes a tender, take-over or exchange offer, circulates a proxy to shareholders or takes other steps to effect a takeover of the control of the Company, whether by way of a reverse take-over, formal bid, causing the election or appointment of a majority of directors of the Company or otherwise in any manner whatsoever; or |
56
| (ii) | during any period of eighteen (18) consecutive months (not including any period prior to the Effective Date), individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors and any new directors, whose appointment by the Board of Directors or nomination for election by the Company's shareholders was approved by a vote of at least three quarters (3/4) of the Board of Directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose appointment or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors; or |
| (iii) | the acquisition by any person or by any person and such person's affiliates or associates, as such terms are defined in the Act, and whether directly or indirectly, of common shares of the Company at the time held by such person and such person's affiliates and associates, totals for the first time, twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding common shares of the Company; or |
| (iv) | the business or businesses of the Company for which the Employee's services are principally performed, are disposed of by the Company pursuant to a partial or complete liquidation, dissolution, consolidation or merger of the Company, or a sale or transfer of all or a significant portion of the Company's assets. |
Notwithstanding any other provisions in the KT Agreement regarding termination, if any of the events described above constituting a Change in Control shall have occurred during the course of the KT Agreement, upon the termination of the Employee's employment (unless such termination is because of the Employee's Death or Disability, by the Company for cause or by the Employee other than for "Good Reason", as defined below) the Employee shall be entitled to and will receive no later than the fifteenth (15th) day following the date of termination a lump sum severance payment equal to two (2) times the Employee's then current Base Salary.
For purposes of the KT Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean, without the Employee's express written consent, any of the following:
| (i) | the assignment to the Employee of any duties inconsistent with the status or authority of the Employee's office, or the Employee's removal from such position, or a substantial alteration in the nature or status of the Employee's authorities or responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control; |
| (ii) | a reduction by the Company in the Employee's Base Salary as in effect on the date of the KT Agreement or as the same may have been increased from time to time, or a failure by the Company to increase the Employee's Base Salary as provided for in the KT Agreement or at a rate commensurate with that of other key employees of the Company; |
| (iii) | the relocation of the office of the Company where the Employee is employed at the time of the Change in Control (the "CIC Location") to a location more than fifty (50) miles away from the CIC Location, or the Company's requiring the Employee to be based more than fifty (50) miles away from the CIC Location (except for requiring travel on the Company's business to an extent substantially consistent with the Employee's business travel obligations prior to the Change in Control); |
| (iv) | the failure by the Company to continue to provide the Employee with benefits at least as favourable as those enjoyed by the Employee prior to the Change in Control, the taking of any action by the Company which would directly or indirectly materially reduce any of such benefits or deprive the Employee of any material fringe benefit enjoyed by the Employee at the time of the Change in Control, or the failure by the Company to provide the Employee with the number of entitled vacation days to which the Employee has earned on the basis of years of service with the Company; or |
| (v) | the failure of the Company to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to assume and agree to perform the KT Agreement or, if the business of the Company for which the Employee's services are principally performed is sold or transferred, the purchaser or transferee of such business shall fail to agree to provide the Employee with the same or a comparable position, duties, salary and benefits as provided to the Employee by the Company immediately prior to the Change in Control. |
57
Following a Change in Control during the course of the KT Agreement, the Employee shall be entitled to terminate the Employee's employment for Good Reason.
The Employee's right to receive the aforementioned payment and benefits is expressly contingent upon the signing of a waiver and release satisfactory to the Company which releases the Company and its affiliates from all claims and liabilities arising out of the Employee's employment and termination thereof and including confidentiality provisions, which waiver and release is satisfactory to the Company with respect to form, substance and timeliness.
(4)Vice President, Corporate Development
The Employment Agreement dated September 22, 2014 as amended April 1, 2016 (the "DM Agreement") between the Company and Douglas McDonald (the "Employee" under the DM Agreement) may be terminated for any one of the following reasons:
| (a) | voluntarily by the Employee, upon at least sixty (60) days prior written notice of termination by the Employee to the Company; or |
| (b) | by the Company for cause; or |
| (c) | without cause, upon payment of twelve (12) months of the Employee's then current Base Salary to the Employee; or |
| (d) | upon the physical and/or mental impairment of the Employee. |
Termination by the Employee Voluntarily or by the Company for Cause
If the Employee shall voluntarily terminate employment under the DM Agreement or if the employment of the Employee is terminated by the Company for cause, then all compensation and benefits as theretofore provided shall terminate immediately upon the effective date of termination and no special severance compensation will be paid.
Cause to terminate the Employee's employment shall mean:
| (a) | the repeated and demonstrated failure by the Employee to perform the Employee's material duties under the DM Agreement, after demand for substantial performance is delivered by the Company to the Employee that specifically identifies the manner in which the Company believes the Employee has not substantially performed the Employee's duties under the DM Agreement; or |
| (b) | the willful engagement by the Employee in misconduct which is materially injurious to the Company, monetarily or otherwise; or |
| (c) | any other willful violation by the Employee of the provisions of the DM Agreement; or |
| (d) | the Employee is convicted of a criminal offence involving fraud or dishonesty. |
Termination by the Company Without Cause
If the Company elects to terminate the Employee's employment for reasons other than cause, the Company shall pay the Employee, in one lump sum or in installments at the Company's discretion, a severance payment equal to twelve (12) months of the Employee's then current Base Salary.
Termination upon the physical and/or mental impairment of the Employee
If the Company terminates the Employee's employment for physical and/or mental impairment, the Company's financial obligation to the Employee is limited to that which the Employee would otherwise receive if the Company terminated the Employee's employment for no reason.
Termination Following Change in Control
For purposes of the DM` Agreement, a change in control shall be deemed to have occurred if:
58
| (i) | any person or any person and such person's associates or affiliates, as such terms are defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia) (the "Act"), makes a tender, take-over or exchange offer, circulates a proxy to shareholders or takes other steps to effect a takeover of the control of the Company, whether by way of a reverse take-over, formal bid, causing the election or appointment of a majority of directors of the Company or otherwise in any manner whatsoever; or |
| (ii) | during any period of eighteen (18) consecutive months (not including any period prior to the Effective Date), individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors and any new directors, whose appointment by the Board of Directors or nomination for election by the Company's shareholders was approved by a vote of at least three quarters (3/4) of the Board of Directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose appointment or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors; or |
| (iii) | the acquisition by any person or by any person and such person's affiliates or associates, as such terms are defined in the Act, and whether directly or indirectly, of common shares of the Company at the time held by such person and such person's affiliates and associates, totals for the first time, twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding common shares of the Company; or |
| (iv) | the business or businesses of the Company for which the Employee's services are principally performed, are disposed of by the Company pursuant to a partial or complete liquidation, dissolution, consolidation or merger of the Company, or a sale or transfer of all or a significant portion of the Company's assets. |
Notwithstanding any other provisions in the DM Agreement regarding termination, if any of the events described above constituting a Change in Control shall have occurred during the course of the DM Agreement, upon the termination of the Employee's employment (unless such termination is because of the Employee's Death or Disability, by the Company for cause or by the Employee other than for "Good Reason", as defined below) the Employee shall be entitled to and will receive no later than the fifteenth (15th) day following the date of termination a lump sum severance payment equal to two (2) times the Employee's then current Base Salary.
For purposes of the DM Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean, without the Employee's express written consent, any of the following:
| (i) | the assignment to the Employee of any duties inconsistent with the status or authority of the Employee's office, or the Employee's removal from such position, or a substantial alteration in the nature or status of the Employee's authorities or responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control; |
| (ii) | a reduction by the Company in the Employee's Base Salary as in effect on the date of the DM Agreement or as the same may have been increased from time to time, or a failure by the Company to increase the Employee's Base Salary as provided for in the DM Agreement or at a rate commensurate with that of other key employees of the Company; |
| (iii) | the relocation of the office of the Company where the Employee is employed at the time of the Change in Control (the "CIC Location") to a location more than fifty (50) miles away from the CIC Location, or the Company's requiring the Employee to be based more than fifty (50) miles away from the CIC Location (except for requiring travel on the Company's business to an extent substantially consistent with the Employee's business travel obligations prior to the Change in Control); |
| (iv) | the failure by the Company to continue to provide the Employee with benefits at least as favourable as those enjoyed by the Employee prior to the Change in Control, the taking of any action by the Company which would directly or indirectly materially reduce any of such benefits or deprive the Employee of any material fringe benefit enjoyed by the Employee at the time of the Change in Control, or the failure by the Company to provide the Employee with the number of entitled vacation days to which the Employee has earned on the basis of years of service with the Company; or |
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| (v) | the failure of the Company to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to assume and agree to perform the DM Agreement or, if the business of the Company for which the Employee's services are principally performed is sold or transferred, the purchaser or transferee of such business shall fail to agree to provide the Employee with the same or a comparable position, duties, salary and benefits as provided to the Employee by the Company immediately prior to the Change in Control. |
Following a Change in Control during the course of the DM Agreement, the Employee shall be entitled to terminate the Employee's employment for Good Reason.
The Employee's right to receive the aforementioned payment and benefits is expressly contingent upon the signing of a waiver and release satisfactory to the Company which releases the Company and its affiliates from all claims and liabilities arising out of the Employee's employment and termination thereof and including confidentiality provisions, which waiver and release is satisfactory to the Company with respect to form, substance and timeliness.
Stock options
Incentive stock options to purchase securities from the Company are granted to directors, executive officers, employees and consultants of the Company on terms and conditions acceptable to the regulatory authorities in Canada, notably the Toronto Stock Exchange, and in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Canadian securities commissions’commissions' requirements and regulations.
The Company has a formal written stock option plan (“Plan”("Plan") which permits the issuance of up to 10% of the Company’sCompany's issued share capital from time to time during the term of the Plan and provides that stock options may be granted from time to time provided that incentive stock options in favourfavor of any consultant or person providing investor relations services cannot exceed 2% in any 12 month period. No incentive stock option granted under the Plan is transferable by the optionee other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and each incentive stock option is exercisable during the lifetime of the optionee only by such optionee and by the optionee’soptionee's personal representatives in the event of death for a period ending on the earlier of the expiry date of the option and twelve months after the date of death.
The exercise price of all incentive stock options granted under the Plan is determined in accordance with Toronto Stock Exchange guidelines and cannot be less than the Market Price on the date of the grant. Market Price is the volume weighted average trading price of the shares for the five trading days immediately preceding the date of the grant. The maximum term of each incentive stock option is five years. Options granted to consultants or persons providing Investor Relations Activities (as defined in the Plan) shall vest in stages with no more than ¼ of such options being exercisable in any three month period. All options granted during Fiscal 2013,2016, Fiscal 20122015 and Fiscal 20112014 vested on the date granted. Under the requirements of the Toronto Stock Exchange, all unallocated options under the Plan must be approved by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the unrelated directors and by the shareholders every three years after the institution of the Plan. Insiders and affiliates of insiders entitled to receive a benefit under the Plan are not entitled to vote for such approval.
The names and titles of the directors and executive officers of the Company to whom outstanding stock options have been granted and the number of common shares subject to such options as of March 28, 2014 2017 are set forth in Table No. 8, as well as the number of options granted to directors, executive officers, employees and contractors as a group.
Table No. 8
Stock Options Outstanding
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No funds were set aside or accrued by the Company during Fiscal 20132016 to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers.
General
The Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”("TSX") and the applicable Canadian securities law and regulation require that the Company comply with National Instrument 58-101 (Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices) or any replacement of that instrument. The Company is also, under applicable Canadian securities law and regulation, required to comply with National Policy 58-201 (Corporate Governance Guidelines). National Instrument 58-101 and National Policy 58-201 (for convenience referred to in the aggregate as the “guidelines”"guidelines") deal with matters such as the constitution and independence of corporate boards, their functions, the effectiveness and education of the board members and other matters. The Company’sCompany's statement as to compliance with the guidelines and its approach to corporate governance is set forth below.
Corporate Governance
The Company’sCompany's Board and management are committed to the highest standards of corporate governance. The Company’sCompany's corporate governance practices are in accordance with the guidelines. The Company is also cognizant of and compliant with various corporate governance requirements in Canada and is in compliance with applicable U.S. requirements.
The Company’sCompany's prime objective in directing and managing its business and affairs is to enhance shareholder value. The Company views effective corporate governance as a means of improving corporate performance and accordingly of benefit to the Company and all shareholders.
The Company also believes that director and management honesty and integrity are essential factors in ensuring good and effective corporate governance. To that end the Company’sCompany's directors have adopted various codes and policies for the Company, its directors, officers, employees and consultants. The codes and policies adopted to date are as follows: Audit Committee Charter, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee-Responsibilities and Duties, Compensation Committee-Responsibilities and Duties, Code of Business Ethics, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Communications Policy, Securities Trading Policy, Whistleblowers Policy and Privacy Policy (the “Codes”"Codes"). The Codes may be viewed on the Company’sCompany's website at www.almadenminerals.com. The Codes may also be viewed as filed on EDGAR as an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006. Any amendments to the Codes or waivers of the provision of any Codes will be posted on the Company’sCompany's website within 5 business days of such amendment or waiver.
Executive Officer Position Descriptions
Chairman of the Board (‘Chairman’('Chairman')
Responsibilities:
| - | Leads the Board of Directors of the Company and also takes a hands-on role in the |
| - | Helps the CEO to oversee all the operational aspects involved in running the Company, including project selection and planning. |
| - | Takes overall responsibility for the |
| - | Oversees relationships with the communities and stakeholders in the areas where the Company operates, with the intent of ensuring the |
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Chief Executive Officer (‘CEO’('CEO')
Reports to:
The Board of Directors of the Company.Company (the "Board")
Function:
Provides overall leadership and vision in developing, in concert with the Board, the strategic direction of the Company and in developing the tactics and business plans necessary to increase shareholder value.
Manages the overall business to ensure strategic and business plans are effectively implemented, the results are monitored and reported to the Board and financial and operational objectives are attained.
Authorities, Duties and Responsibilities:
| (a) | General Functions: |
| 1. | Provides effective leadership to the management and the employees of the Company and establishes an effective means of control and co-ordination for all operations and activities. |
| 2. | Fosters a corporate culture that promotes ethical practices, integrity and a positive work climate enabling the Company to attract, retain and motivate a diverse group of quality employees. |
| 3. | Keeps the Board fully informed on the Company`s operational and financial affairs. |
| 4. | Develops and maintains a sound, effective organization structure and plans for capable management succession, progressive employee training and development programs and reports to the Board on these matters. |
| 5. | Ensures that effective communications and appropriate relationships are maintained with the shareholders of the Company and other stakeholders. |
| 6. | Develops capital expenditure plans for approval by the Board. |
| 7. | Turns any strategic plan as may be developed by the Board into a detailed operating plan. |
| (b) | Strategy and Risks |
| 1. | Develops and recommends to the Board strategic plans to ensure the Company`s profitable growth and overall success. This includes updating and making changes as required and involving the Board in the early stages of developing strategy. |
| 2. | Identifies in conjunction with the other senior officers and appropriate directors of the Company the key risks with respect to the Company and its businesses and reviews such risks and strategies for managing them with the Board. |
| 3. | Ensures that the assets of the Company are adequately safeguarded and maintained. |
| (c) | Exploration and Development |
Responsible for managing the day to day activities and operating management of the Company and as such shall be responsible for the design, operation and improvement of the systems that create the Company`s exploration and development opportunities. The CEO accordingly shall have the primary responsibility:
| - | To direct and oversee all operational activities of the Company including exploration, development, mining and other such functions. |
| - | To initiate solutions to the key business challenges of the Company. |
| - | To participate in sourcing and negotiating financial arrangements for the further expansion and development of the Company including joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions, debt and equity financing. |
| - | Represent and speak for the Company with shareholders, potential investors and other members of the industry. |
| (d) | Financial Reporting |
Oversees the quality and timeliness of financial reporting. Reports to the Board in conjunction with the CFO on the fairness and adequacy of the financial reporting of the Company to its shareholders.
Chief Financial Officer (‘CFO’('CFO')
Reports to:
The CEO of the Company.Company
Responsibilities:
| - | Developing, analyzing and reviewing financial data. |
| - | Reporting on financial performance. |
| - | Monitoring expenditures and costs. |
| - | Assisting the CEO in preparing budgets and in the communicating to the analyst and shareholder, community and securities regulators, the financial performance of the Company. |
| - | Fulfilling the reporting requirements of the securities regulators, stock exchanges and shareholders. |
| - | Monitoring filing of tax returns and payment of taxes. |
The CFO shall assist the CEO isin establishing effective means of control and co-ordination of the operations and activities of the Company and identifying, in conjunction with the CEO, the key risks with respect to the Company and its business and reviewing with the CEO the strategies for managing such risks and ensuring that the assets of the Company are adequately safeguarded and maintained.
The CFO, in conjunction with the CEO, shall design or supervise the design of and implement, maintain and periodically evaluate the effectiveness of internal controls to provide reasonable assurances that the financial statements of the Company are fairly presented in accordance with generally accepted financial standards and principles and that disclosure controls are in place to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to the financial performance of the Audit Committee.
Vice President, Corporate Development
Reports to:
The CEO of the Company
Responsibilities:
The Vice President, Corporate Development is responsible for:
| - | Developing and managing relationships with current and prospective business partners, investment bankers, financial analysts and the media; |
| - | Preparing and presenting comprehensive reviews and analysis of business opportunities to senior management and to the Board; |
| - | Managing and developing relationships with new and existing institutional investors; |
| - | Assisting the CEO in preparing and presenting to investors, the executive team and the Board; |
| - | Conducting technical and financial analysis to determine the impact of growth opportunities on various metrics and to establish an execution plan as needed. |
The Vice President, Corporate Development shall assist the CEO in establishing and managing relationships with key stakeholders, identifying and analysing new growth and investment opportunities, as well as the development, communication and implementation of corporate strategies related to executing the business plans of the Company.
The Vice President, Corporate Development in conjunction with the CEO shall represent the Company at industry functions to investors, both potential and existing, as well as ensure the Company is protected through due diligence activities and provide reasonable assurance as to impact of emerging business opportunities for the Company and interested parties through the use of technical and financial analyses.
Mandate of the Board
The mandate of the Board is to supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company and to act with a view to the best interests of the Company. In fulfilling its mandate, the Board, among other matters, is responsible for:
| (a) | adopting a strategic planning process and approving, on at least an annual basis, a strategic plan, taking into account the risk and opportunities of the |
| (b) | identifying the principal risks of the |
| (c) | satisfying itself, to the extent reasonably feasible, of the integrity of the CEO and other executive officers (if any) and ensuring that all such officers create a culture of integrity throughout the Company and developing programs of succession planning (including appointing, training and monitoring senior management); |
| (d) | creating the |
| (e) | managing its affairs including selecting its Chair, nomination of candidates for election to the Board, constituting committees of the Board and determining director compensation; and |
| (f) | engaging any necessary internal and/or external advisors. |
In the Fiscal year ended December 31, 20132016 there were seven (7)six (6) meetings of the Board. The frequency of meetings as well as the nature of agenda items change, depending upon the state of the Company’sCompany's affairs and in light of opportunities or risks which the Company is subject to. Table No. 9 indicates the number of meetings attended by each director.
Table No. 9
Meetings Attended
| Director | Number |
| Duane Poliquin | |
| Morgan Poliquin | |
| Jack McCleary | 6 |
Joseph Montgomery(1)/David Strang(2) | |
| Gerald G. Carlson | |
| 5 | |
William J. Worrall |
| (1) | Prior to August 8, 2016. |
| (2) | After August 8, 2016 and attended the only meeting called since his appointment on November 8, 2016. |
The Chairman is the chair of meetings of the Board of directors and is not an independent director. Meetings of the independent members of the Board may be held periodically as convened by the independent Board members. In Fiscal 2013, five (5)2016, six (6) meetings of the independent Board members were convened.
In carrying out its mandate, the Board and each committee of the Board, relies primarily on management and its employees to provide it with regular detailed reports on the operations of the Company and its financial position. Certain members of management are also on the Board and provide the Board with direct access to information concerning their areas of responsibility. Management personnel are also regularly asked to attend Board meetings to provide information, answer questions and receive the direction of the Board. The reports and information provided to the Board enable them to monitor and manage the risks associated with the Company’sCompany's operations and its compliance with legal and safety requirements, environmental issues and the financial position and liquidity of the Company.
The Board discharges its responsibilities directly and through committees. At regularly scheduled meetings, members of the Board and management discuss the broad range of matters and issues relevant to the Company’sCompany's business interests and the Board is responsible for the approval of the Company’sCompany's Strategic Plan. In addition, the Board receives reports from management on the Company’sCompany's operational and financial performance. Between scheduled meetings, matters requiring Board authorization is effected by means of signed Consent Resolutions.
Board Assessment
The Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee reports to the Board periodically on the evaluation of the Board’sBoard's performance and that of the individual directors. The Performance of the Chief Executive Officer is evaluated by the Compensation Committee.
Composition of the Board
The guidelines recommend that a board of directors be constituted with a majority of individuals who qualify as independent directors.
In deciding whether a particular director is independent, the Board examined the factual circumstances of each director and considered them in the context of many factors, including the definitions in the guidelines and the requirements and policies of NYSE MKT Company Guide Rules. The proposedcurrent Board is composed of eightseven members. The Board believeshas determined that 4a majority of directors, would be considerednamely 5 directors, are independent - Jack McCleary, Joseph Montgomery,David Strang, Gerald Carlson, William J. Worrall, and Barry Smee.Mark T. Brown. Two directors – Duane Poliquin and Morgan Poliquin – are not independent because, in addition to their being the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer/President of the Company, respectively, they each have Executive Employment Contracts with the Company and, therefore, they each have a material relationship with the Company. The basis for determination of independence is under Canadian securities instrument NI 52-110 and NYSE MKT Exchange Company Guide Rules.
The Company does not have a controlling or significant shareholder. The Board believes that the membership of the Board fairly reflects the investment in the Company by minority shareholders.
The Board considers its size and composition to be appropriate and effective for carrying out its responsibilities. However, the Board may consider adding an additional director if a suitable candidate can be found who may bring additional experience or knowledge to the Board.
Board Committees
The Board currently has three committees: the Audit Committee, the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation Committee. Each member of each committee is an independent director. Each committee is responsible for determining its own rules of procedure and may, from time to time, develop written descriptions for the responsibilities of the chair of such committee. No written position descriptions have yet been developed.
Mandates of each of the committees and the Codes undergo review periodically (in some cases mandated as annually) to bring them into line with changing Canadian and U.S. securities and corporate governance requirements and to reflect amendments that may be considered appropriate to make them more effective. Any revisions to the mandates and Codes will be available on the Company’sCompany's website at www.almadenminerals.com.
Audit Committee
The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Joseph Montgomery,William Worrall, Gerald Carlson and Jack McCleary.Mark T. Brown. The Audit Committee has met four (4) times during Fiscal 2013.2016. The full text of the initial Audit Committee Charter was filed asis an exhibit to the 2003 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on May 11, 2004. After review, the charter was altered to more properly define the functions of the Audit Committee. The revised charter was filed asis an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Jack McCleary, Joseph MontgomeryWilliam Worrall and Gerald Carlson. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has met five (5) timesone (1) time during Fiscal 2013.2016. The full text of the initial Corporate Governance Charter was filed asis an exhibit to the 2003 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on May 11, 2004. After review, the Responsibilities and Duties of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee were altered to more properly define the functions of the Nominating and Corporate Committee. The revised Responsibilities and Duties are filed asis an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006.
Compensation Committee
The members of the Compensation Committee are Jack McCleary, Joseph MontgomeryWilliam Worrall, Mark T. Brown and Gerald Carlson. The Compensation Committee has met five (5)six (6) times during Fiscal 20132016 with Jack McCleary Joseph Montgomeryand William Worrall attending all six (6) meetings and with Mark T. Brown and Gerald Carlson attending all five (5) of the six (6) meetings. The Responsibilities and Duties of the Compensation Committee were filed asis an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006.
Orientation and Continuing Education
The Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for recommending to the Board an orientation and education program for new directors.
Director Term Limits and other Mechanisms of Board Renewal
The Company has not adopted term limits or other mechanisms for Board renewal. The Company does not consider it is yet appropriate to force any term limits or other mechanisms of Board renewal at this time.
Policies Regarding the Representation of Women on the Board
The Company plans to adopt a written policy with respect to the identification and nomination of women directors (the "Diversity Policy"). The Diversity Policy will require that the Board consider diversity on the Board from a number of aspects, including but not limited to gender, age, ethnicity and cultural diversity. In addition, when assessing and identifying potential new members to join the Board or the Company's executive team, the Board will consider the current level of diversity on the Board and the executive team. As the Diversity Policy has not yet been adopted, the Company is not yet able to measure its effectiveness.
Consideration of the Representation of Women in the Director Identification and Selection Process
Pursuant to the Diversity Policy, the Board will consider and evaluate the representation of women on the Board when identifying and nominating candidates for election and re-election to the Board. The Company will focus its search for new directors purely based on the qualification of potential candidates, regardless of their gender.
Consideration Given to the Representation of Women in Executive Officer Appointments
Pursuant to the Diversity Policy, the Board will consider and evaluate the representation of women in the Company's executive officer positions when identifying and nominating candidates for appointment as executive officers. The Company will focus its search for new executive officers purely based on the qualification of potential candidates, regardless of their gender.
The Company's Targets Regarding the Representation of Women on the Board and in Executive Officer Positions
The Company has not established a target for the representation of women on the Board or in executive officer positions of the Company by a specific date. The Company does not think it is appropriate to set targets because the Company focuses its search for new directors and executive officers purely based on the qualification of potential candidates, regardless of their gender.
Number of Women on the Board and in Executive Officer Positions
As at the date of this Form 20-F Annual Report, none of the Company's directors or executive officers are women.
Decisions Requiring Board Approval
In addition to those matters which must by law be approved by the Board, management is also required to seek Board approval for any major acquisition, disposition or expenditure. Management is also required to consult with the Board before entering into any venture which is outside of the Company’sCompany's existing line of business.
Changes in officers are to be approved by the Board including changes in officers of the Company’sCompany's principal operating subsidiaries.
In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for an individual director to engage an outside advisor at the expense of the Company. The engagement of the outside advisor would be subject to the approval of the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee.
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Communications and Investor Relations
The Company has adopted a Communications Policy, the purpose and aim of which is as follows:
| (a) | Controls the communications between the Company and its external stakeholders; |
| (b) | Complies with its continuous and timely disclosure obligations; |
| (c) | Avoids selective disclosure of Company information; |
| (d) | Protects and prevents the improper use or disclosure of material information and confidential information; |
| (e) | Educates the |
| (f) | Fosters and facilitates compliance with applicable laws; and |
| (g) | Creates formal Disclosure Officers to help achieve the above objectives. |
In accordance with the Communications Policy of the Company, designated Disclosure Officers receive and respond to shareholder enquiries. Shareholder enquiries and concerns are dealt with promptly by Disclosure Officers of the Company.
Ethical Business Conduct
The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors (“Code”("Code"), a Code of Business Ethics (“COBE”("COBE"), a Securities Trading Policy and a Privacy Policy. Employees and consultants are required as a term of employment or engagement to undertake to abide by the COBE. Directors are by law bound to observe the Code adopted by the Board.
All Directors, Officers and Employees (“Individuals”("Individuals") sign an Annual Certification (“Certification”("Certification") stating they have read the Code of Business Ethics policy (“Policy”("Policy") of the Company and have complied with such Policy in all respects. The Certification further acknowledges that all members of the Individual’sIndividual's family, all other persons who live with the Individual and all holding companies and other related entities of the Individual and all such persons or companies acting on behalf of or at the request of any of the foregoing also complied with such Policy. The Certification also states that any violation of such Policy may constitute grounds for immediate suspension or dismissal.
Each director is expected and required by statute to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent individual would exercise in comparable circumstances and in accordance with the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and the Company’sCompany's Articles.
Employees
As of December 31, 2013,2016, the Company operated with seven personsnine people in Canada, of which foursix are administrative personnel and three are exploration personnel, some of which are retained on a contractual basis. There are no full time employees in the U.S. or Mexico. None of the Company’sCompany's employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Share Ownership
Table No. 10 lists, as of March 28, 2014,2017, directors and executive officers who beneficially own the Company's voting securities and the amount of the Company’sCompany's voting securities owned by the directors and executive officers as a group.
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Table No. 10
Shareholdings of Directors and Executive Officers
| Title of | Amounts and Nature of | Percent of | ||
| Class | Name of Beneficial Owner | Beneficial Ownership | Class* | |
| Common | Duane Poliquin | 4.18% | ||
| Common | Morgan Poliquin | 4,238,117(2)(10) | 4.59% | |
| Common | Jack McCleary | 797,711(3) | 0.88% | |
| Common | Gerald G. Carlson | 439,700(4) | 0.49% | |
| Common | David Strang | 0.44% | ||
| Common | Mark T. Brown | 495,000(6) | 0.55% | |
| Common | William J. Worrall | 412,500(7) | 0.46% | |
| Common | Korm Trieu | 502,500(8) | 0.56% | |
| Common | Doug McDonald | 0.40% | ||
| Common | Total Directors/Officers | 11,464,013 |
| (1) | Of these shares |
| (2) | Of these shares |
| (3) | Of these shares |
| (4) | Of these shares |
| Of these shares |
| (6) | Of these shares 450,000 represent currently exercisable stock options. 20,000 of these shares are held indirectly by Pacific Opportunity Capital Ltd. |
| Of these shares |
| Of these shares |
| Of these shares, |
| Pursuant to a Voting Trust Agreement (Exhibit 3 to this 20-F Annual Report), Duane Poliquin and Morgan Poliquin jointly hold voting power over |
*Based on 64,578,32189,805,481 shares outstanding as of March 28, 20142017 and stock options and warrants held by each beneficial owner.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions |
The Company is a publicly owned Canadian company, the shares of which are owned by residents of the U.S., residents of Canada and other foreign residents. To the extent known by the directors and executive officers of the Company, the Company is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another company. Table No. 11 lists, as of March 28, 2014,2017, the only persons or companies beneficially owning more than 5% of the Company’sCompany's voting securities.
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Table No. 11
Shareholdings of Beneficial Owners
| Title of | Amounts and Nature of | Percent of | |
| Class | Name of Beneficial Owner | Beneficial Ownership | Class* |
| Common | Duane Poliquin | ||
| Common |
| (1) | Of these shares |
| (2) | Of these shares |
| (3) | Pursuant to a Voting Trust Agreement (Exhibit 3 to this 20-F Annual Report), Duane Poliquin and Morgan Poliquin jointly hold voting power over |
*Based on 64,578,32189,805,481 shares outstanding as of March 28, 20142017 and stock options and warrants held by each beneficial owner.
| Related party transactions |
Certain geological, technical, professional and general and administrative services were provided to the Company by directors and officersthe Chairman and/or companiesa company controlled by them. These directors and officers and the companies controlled by them are as follows:
The costs of such services for Fiscal 20132016 ended December 31, 20132016 were $245,500,$168,000, Fiscal 20122015 ended December 31, 20122015 were $327,488$193,333, and Fiscal 20112014 ended December 31, 20112014 were $329,850.$240,000.
Certain officers and directors of the Company are also officers or directors of companies with which the Company has agreements and may not be considered at arm's-length to such agreements. However, any agreement or any to be negotiated between the Company and such other companies has been or will be approved by directors of the Company, in accordance with the common law and the provisions of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).
| (a) | Compensation of key management personnel |
Key management includes members of the Board, the Chairman, the President and Chief Executive Officer, and the Chief Financial Officer. Key management also includedOfficer and the Vice-President-Mining until Fiscal 2011.Vice President, Corporate Development (effective September 22, 2014). The aggregate compensation paid or payable to key management for services is as follows:follows, after recovery of 30% of executive officer compensation from Almadex Minerals Limited:
February 28, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||
| Salaries, fees and benefits | $ | 115,000 | (i) | $ 690,700 | (iii) | $ | 828,488 | (v) | $ 722,157 | (vii) | ||||||
| Share based compensation | 285,000 | (ii) | 340,250 | (iv) | 1,468,500 | (vi) | 3,883,250 | (viii) | ||||||||
| Directors’ fees | 48,000 | 48,000 | 39,000 | 33,000 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 448,000 | $ | 1,078,950 | $ | 2,335,988 | $ | 4,638,407 | |||||||||
February 28, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||||||||||
| Salaries, fees and benefits | $ | 156,833 | $ | 755,475 | $ | 740,208 | (i) | $ | 738,125 | (i) | ||||||
| Share-based payments | 536,400 | 1,537,060 | 725,165 | 469,500 | ||||||||||||
| Directors' fees | 70,000 | 41,000 | 48,000 | 48,000 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 763,233 | $ | 2,333,535 | $ | 1,513,373 | $ | 1,255,625 | |||||||||
| (i) | For the year ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. |
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During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company received $464,498 (2015 - $181,405; 2014 - $Nil) from Almadex for administrative services fees included in other income.
At December 31, 2016, the Company accrued $63,429 (2015 - $78,511) payable to Almadex for drilling equipment rental services in Mexico.
At December 31, 2016, included in accounts receivable is $149,429 (2015 - $41,840) due from Almadex.
Other related party transactions |
(i) ATW Resources Ltd. ("ATW")
Almaden owned a 50% interest in this company which holds title in trust for the ATW project.
(ii) Other
| (a) | During the year ended December 31, |
| (b) | During the year ended December 31, |
Other than as disclosed above, there have been no transactions or proposed transactions, which have materially affected or will materially affect the Registrant in which any director, executive officer, or beneficial holder of more than 10% of the outstanding common stock, or any of their respective relatives, spouses, associates or affiliates has had or will have any direct or material indirect interest. As stated above, management believes the transactions referenced above were on terms at least as favorable to the Company as the Company could have obtained from unaffiliated parties.
Item 8. Financial Information
The financial statements as required under Item 8 are attached hereto and found immediately following the text of this Annual Report.
Legal Proceedings
The Company knows of no material, active or pending legal proceedings against them;it; nor is the Company involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation.
Dividends
The Company has not declared any dividends since inception and does not anticipate that it will do so in the foreseeable future. The present policy of the Company is to retain future earnings for use in its operations and the expansion of its business.
Significant Changes
There have been no significant changes of financial condition since the most recent audited financial statements included within this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
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Item 9. Offer and Listing of Securities
The Company's common shares trade on The Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") in Toronto, Ontario, Canada having the symbol "AMM”"AMM" and on the NYSE MKT (formerly the American Stock Exchange) in New York, New York, U.S.A. having the symbol “AAU”"AAU" and CUSIP #020283107.
The Company’sCompany's common shares commenced trading on February 11, 2002 on TSX and December 19, 2005 on the American Stock Exchange, now the NYSE MKT.
Table No. 12 lists the high and low prices for the shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on NYSE MKT for the preceding five years. Table No. 13 lists the high and low prices for shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on TSX for the preceding five years.
Table No. 12
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Stock Trading Activity
NYSE MKT
| Year Ended | High | Low | ||||
| 12/31/2016 | $1.88 | $0.50 | ||||
| 12/31/2015 | 1.27 | 0.48 | ||||
| 12/31/2014 | 1.94 | 0.86 | ||||
| 12/31/2013 | 3.25 | 1.03 | ||||
| 12/31/2012 | 3.33 | 1.55 |
Table No. 13
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Stock Trading Activity
The Toronto Stock Exchange
(expressed in C$)
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table No. 14 lists the quarterly high and low prices for shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on NYSE MKT for the two most recent full financial years. Table No. 15 lists the quarterly high and low prices for shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on TSX for the two most recent full financial years.
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Table No. 14
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Stock Trading Activity
NYSE MKT
(expressed in US$)
|
Table No. 15
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Stock Trading Activity
The Toronto Stock Exchange
(expressed in C$)
| Quarter Ended | High | Low |
| 12/31/2013 | $1.49 | $1.08 |
| 09/30/2013 | 2.14 | 1.37 |
| 06/30/2013 | 2.05 | 1.22 |
| 03/31/2013 | 3.19 | 1.91 |
| 12/31/2012 | 3.25 | 2.35 |
| 09/30/2012 | 2.99 | 1.56 |
| 06/30/2012 | 2.67 | 1.76 |
| 03/31/2012 | 3.31 | 2.37 |
| Quarter Ended | High | Low | ||||
| 12/31/2016 | $1.97 | $1.01 | ||||
| 09/30/2016 | 2.44 | 1.70 | ||||
| 06/30/2016 | 2.17 | 0.88 | ||||
| 03/31/2016 | 1.12 | 0.73 | ||||
| 12/31/2015 | 1.10 | 0.67 | ||||
| 09/30/2015 | 1.06 | 0.65 | ||||
| 06/30/2015 | 1.16 | 0.92 | ||||
| 03/31/2015 | 1.57 | 1.09 | ||||
| 12/31/2014 | 1.48 | 1.02 | ||||
| 09/30/2014 | 1.80 | 1.38 | ||||
| 06/30/2014 | 1.64 | 1.37 | ||||
| 03/31/2014 | 2.11 | 1.25 |
Table No.16 lists the high and low prices for shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on NYSE MKT for the most recent six months. Table No. 17 lists the high and low prices for shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on TSX for the most recent six months.
Table No. 16
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Stock Trading Activity
NYSE MKT
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Table No. 17
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Stock Trading Activity
The Toronto Stock Exchange
(expressed in C$)
| Month Ended | High | Low | ||||
| 2/28/2017 | $1.70 | $1.33 | ||||
| 1/31/2017 | 1.45 | 1.27 | ||||
| 12/31/2016 | 1.60 | 1.01 | ||||
| 11/30/2016 | 1.97 | 1.40 | ||||
| 10/31/2016 | 1.85 | 1.56 | ||||
| 9/30/2016 | 2.22 | 1.71 |
The closing price of the Company’sCompany's common stock was $1.60$1.09 (US$) on the NYSE MKT and $1.77$1.48 (C$) on TSX on February 28, 2014.2017.
In recent years, securities markets in Canada and the U.S. have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market price of many resource companies, particularly those considered speculative exploration companies, have experienced wide fluctuations in price which have not necessarily been related to operating performance or underlying asset values on prospects of such companies. Exploration for gold and other minerals is considered high risk and highly speculative in the resource industry and the trading market for precious and base metal exploration companies is characteristically volatile, with wide fluctuations of price and volume only in part related to progress of exploration. There can be no assurance that continual fluctuations in the Company’sCompany's share price and volume will not occur.
The Company's common stock is issued in registered form and the following information is from the Company’sCompany's registrar and transfer agent, Computershare Investor Services Inc. located in Vancouver, British Columbia and Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
On February 28, 2014,2017, the shareholders' list for the Company’sCompany's common shares showed 144239 registered shareholders and 64,578,33189,598,481 shares outstanding. 119190 of these registered shareholders are U.S. residents, owning 16,060,42519,674,581 shares representing 25%22% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock. 1736 of these registered shareholders are Canadian residents, owning 48,484,86069,029,771 shares representing 75%77% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock. 813 of these registered shareholders are of other countries, owning 33,0461,026,978 shares representing 0%1% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock.
Table No. 18 lists changes, if any, in issued shares to March 28, 2014:2017:
Table No. 18
Shares Issued to March 28, 20142017
| Number | |
| Balance, December 31, | |
| 86,165,443 | |
| Balance, March 28, |
Item 10. Additional Information
Flow-Through Shares
The Company’sCompany's common shares are not normally flow-through shares but the Company has issued flow-through shares pursuant to private placements of the Company’sCompany's common shares. There were no flow-through shares issued in Fiscal 20132016, Fiscal 2015 and Fiscal 2012.2014. In Fiscal 2011, the Company issued 100,000 flow-through shares. Flow-through shares differ from other common shares in one aspect only, namely the tax benefits connected with the expenditures associated with the funds raised through the sale of flow through shares flow through to the shareholder rather than the Company; all other rights of the shareholder remain unchanged. Companies must specifically identify the expenditures associated with the funds raised through the sale of flow-through shares. Companies raising capital through flow-through shares must expend the funds on qualifying natural resources exploration in Canada. These tax benefits are available only to shareholders residing in Canada. Shareholders residing in the U.S. and other non-Canadian shareholders, receive no tax benefits through the purchase of flow-through shares.
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Memorandum and Articles
At the Annual and Special General meeting of the Company held on May 18, 2005, shareholders passed appropriate resolutions to complete the transition procedures in accordance with the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), (the “BCBCA”"BCBCA"), to increase the number of common shares which the Company is authorized to issue to an unlimited number of common shares and to cancel the Company’sCompany's Articles and adopt new Articles to take advantage of provisions of the BCBCA. The BCBCA was adopted in British Columbia on March 29, 2004 replacing the Company Act (the “Former Act”"Former Act"). The BCBCA requires the provisions formerly required in the Memorandum to be in the Articles. The BCBCA eliminates the requirement for a Memorandum.
The revised Articles were filed asare an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006.
Articles
The Company was formed through the amalgamation of Fairfield Minerals Ltd. and Almaden Resources Corporation effective December 31, 2001 under the Company Act of British Columbia (the “Company Act”"Company Act"). On March 29, 2004, British Columbia adopted the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “BCBCA”"BCBCA") to replace the Company Act. Companies registered under the Company Act are required to transition to the BCBCA. At the Annual and Special General meeting of the Company held on May 18, 2005, shareholders passed appropriate resolutions to complete the transition procedures to cancel the Company’sCompany's Articles and adopt new Articles, which includes an increase of the number of common shares which the Company is authorized to issue to an unlimited number of common shares. The Company’sCompany's new Articles became effective in June 2005 (the “Articles”"Articles").
The Articles contain no restrictions on the business the Company may carry on.
Under the Articles, if a director has a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction, such director is liable to account to the Company for any profits that accrue to the director as a result of the contract or transaction unless disclosure is made thereof and the contract or transaction is approved in accordance with the provisions of the BCBCA and a director is not entitled to vote on any director’sdirector's resolution to approve that contract or transaction unless all of the directors have a disclosable interest in that contract or transaction, in which case all of those directors may vote on such resolution.
A director may hold any office or place of profit with the Company in conjunction with the office of director, and no director shall be disqualified by his office from contracting with the Company. A director or his firm may act in a professional capacity for the Company and he or his firm shall be entitled to remuneration for professional services. A director may become a director or other officer or employee of, or otherwise interested in, any company or firm in which the Company may be interested as a shareholder or otherwise. The director shall not be accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by him from such other company or firm unless the Company in general meeting directs otherwise.
Under the Articles the directors must manage or supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company and have the authority to exercise all such powers which are not required to be exercised by the shareholders, or as governed by the BCBCA. Under the Articles the directors may, by resolution, create and appoint one or more committees consisting of such member or members of their body as they think fit and may delegate to any such committee such powers of the Board as the Board may designate or prescribe.
The Articles provide that the quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the directors may be fixed by the directors and if not so fixed shall be a majority of the directors. The continuing directors may, notwithstanding any vacancy in their body, but if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed pursuant to the Articles as the necessary quorum of directors, act only for the purpose of increasing the number of directors to that number, or of summoning a general meeting of the Company, but for no other purpose.
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The Articles provide that the directors may, on behalf of the Company:
| · | Borrow money in a manner and amount, on any security, from any source and upon any terms and conditions; |
| · | Issue bonds, debentures, and other debt obligations either outright or as security for any liability or obligation of the Company or any other person; |
| · | Guarantee the repayment of money by any other person or the performance of any obligation of any other person; and |
| · | Mortgage, charge, or give other security, on the whole or any part of the property or assets of the Company, both present and future. |
There are no age limit requirements pertaining to the retirement or non-retirement of directors.
A director need not be a shareholder of the Company.
The Articles provide for the mandatory indemnification of Directors, Officers, former officers and directors, alternate directors, as well as their respective heirs and personal or other legal representatives, or any other person, to the greatest extent permitted by the BCBCA. The indemnification includes the mandatory payment of expenses.expenses and, in furtherance thereof, the Company is party to indemnification agreements with such individuals. The directors may cause the Company to purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of eligible parties.
The rights, preferences and restrictions attaching to each class of the Company’sCompany's shares are as follows:
Common Shares
The authorized share structure of the Company consists of an unlimited number of common shares without par value. All the shares of common stock of the Company are of the same class and, once issued, rank equally as to dividends, voting powers, and participation in assets. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be acted upon by the shareholders. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors, in its discretion, out of funds legally available therefore.
Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of common stock are entitled to receive pro rata the assets of the Company, if any, remaining after payments of all debts and liabilities. No shares have been issued subject to call or assessment. There are no pre-emptivepre‑emptive or conversion rights and no provisions for redemption or purchase for cancellation, surrender, or sinking or purchase funds.
The Directors may by resolution make any changes in the authorized share structure as may be permitted under Section 54 of the BCBCA, and may by resolution of the Directors make or authorize the making of any alterations to the Articles and the noticeNotice of articlesArticles as may be required by such changes.
The Company may by ordinary resolution, create or vary special rights and restrictions as provided in Section 58 of the BCBCA. No alteration will be valid as to any part of the issued shares of any class unless the holders of all the issued shares of that class consent to the alteration in writing or consent by special separate resolution.
An annual general meeting shall be held once every calendar year at such time (not being more than 15 months after holding the last preceding annual meeting) and place as may be determined by the Directors. The Directors may, as they see fit, convene an extraordinary general meeting. An extraordinary general meeting, if requisitioned in accordance with the BCBCA, shall be convened by the Directors or, if not convened by the Directors, may be convened by the requisitionists as provided in the BCBCA.
There are no limitations upon the rights to own securities.
There are no provisions in the Articles that would have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of the Company.
There is no special ownership threshold above which an ownership position must be disclosed. However, any ownership level above 10% must be disclosed by news release and notices filed in accordance with Canadian Securities Laws and by notices to the Toronto Stock Exchange.
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A copy of the Company’sCompany's new articles was filed asis an exhibit to the 2005 Form 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006.
Shareholder Rights Plan
On April 13, 2011, the Company’sCompany's Board of Directors adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement (the “Rights Plan”"Rights Plan") between the Company and Computershare Investor Services Inc. (“Computershare”("Computershare") as Rights Agent. The Rights Plan was subsequently approved by the shareholders of the Company at the Annual General and Special Meeting held June 28, 2011.2011 and reconfirmed by the shareholders of the Company at the 2014 Annual General Meeting. The primary objective of the Rights Plan is to ensure, to the extent possible, that all shareholders of the Company are treated fairly in connection with any take-over bid for the Company by (a) providing shareholders with adequate time to properly assess a take-over bid without undue pressure and (b) providing the Board with more time to fully consider an unsolicited take-over bid, and, if applicable, to explore other alternatives to maximize shareholder value.
The full text of the Rights Plan was filed under cover of Form 6-K with the Commission on April 15, 2011 and is also available on SEDAR and the Company’sCompany's website.
Advance Notice Policy
On January 28, 2013 the Company’sCompany's Board of Directors approved and adopted an Advance Notice Policy (the “Policy”"Policy") which, among other things, includes a provision that requires advance notice to the Company in circumstances where nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors are made by shareholders of the Company other than pursuant to: (i) a requisition of a meeting made pursuant to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Act”"BCBCA"): or (ii) a shareholder proposal made pursuant to the provisions of the Act.BCBCA.
The Policy, among other things, fixes a deadline by which holders of record of common shares of the Company must submit director nominations to the Company prior to any annual or special meeting of shareholders and set forth the information that a shareholder must include in the notice to the Company for the notice to be in proper written form.
In the case of an annual meeting of shareholders, notice to the Company must be made not less than 30 nor more than 65 days prior to the date of the annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event the annual meeting is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date on which the first public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was made, notice may be made not later than the close of business on the 10th day following such public announcement.
In the case of a special meeting of shareholders (which is not also an annual meeting), notice to the Company must be made not later than the close of business on the 15th day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of the special meeting was made.
The full text of the Advance Notice Policy is filed as an exhibit to the 2012 20F20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 28, 2013.
Multiple Voting Policy for Uncontested Elections of Directors
The Board believes that each of its members should carry the confidence and support of the Company's shareholders and, accordingly, has adopted a Majority Voting Policy for the election of directors for non-contested meetings. The Majority Voting Policy provides that, in a non-contested election of directors, voting will be by ballot and, if the number of shares "withheld" for any nominee exceeds the number of shares voted "for" the nominee, then, notwithstanding that such director is duly elected as a matter of corporate law, he or she shall, within five days following the date of the final scrutineer's report on the ballot, tender his or her written resignation to the Chairman of the Board. A "non-contested election" means an election where the number of nominees for director is not greater than the number of directors to be elected. Under the Majority Voting Policy, the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee will consider such offer of resignation and will make a recommendation to the Board concerning the acceptance or rejection of the resignation. The Board will take formal action on the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee's recommendation no later than 90 days following the date of the applicable shareholders' meeting and will announce its decision via press release. If the Board declines to accept the resignation, it will include in the press release the reason or reasons for its decision. No director who is required to tender his or her resignation shall participate in the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee's deliberations or recommendations or in the Board's deliberations or determination. If a resignation is accepted by the Board, and subject to any corporate law restrictions, the Board may leave any resulting vacancy unfilled until the Company's next annual general meeting, or may appoint a new director to fill the vacancy who the Board considers to merit the confidence of the shareholders, or may call a special meeting of shareholders at which there will be presented a management nominee or nominees to fill the vacant position or positions. At the 2013 Annual General Meeting, the shareholders approved the Majority Voting Policy.
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Material Contracts
The following is a summary of each material contract, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which we or any member of the group is a party, for the two years preceding the date of this document.
1. Advance Notice Policy dated January 28, 2013 whereby the Policy, among other things, includes a provision that requires advance notice to the Company in circumstances where nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors are made by shareholders of the Company. The full text of the Policy is filed as an exhibit to the 2012 20F20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 28, 2013.
2. Executive Compensation Contract dated effective as of January 29, 2013 between the Company and Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. (“Hawk”("Hawk") whereby Hawk agrees to provide the services of Duane Poliquin as Executive Chairman for a term of 2 years renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months for remuneration of $240,000 per annum. The agreement was terminated by mutual agreement on December 31, 2015. The full text of the Executive Compensation Contract is filed as an exhibit to the 2012 20F20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 28, 2013.
3. Executive Compensation Contract dated effective as of January 29, 2013 as amended by Amending Agreement dated April 1, 2016 between the Company and Morgan Poliquin (“Poliquin”("Poliquin") whereby Poliquin agrees to provide the services of President and Chief Executive Officer for a term of 2 years renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months for remuneration of $265,000 per annum. The full text of the Executive Compensation Contract is filed as an exhibit to the 2012 20F20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 28, 2013.2013 and of the Amending Agreement as an exhibit of this 20-F Annual Report.
4. Assignment of Rights Agreement dated March 11, 2013 between the Company’sCompany's wholly-owned subsidiary, Compania Minera Zapata, S.A. de C.V., and Don David Gold Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (“("Don David”David") whereby Don David purchased the Company’sCompany's 100% interest in the San Pedro and Fuego prospects by paying US$100,000 plus Added Value Tax plus US$16,555 being Don David’sDavid's pro-rata share of the mineral taxes paid on January 31, 2013 together with a 2% NSR. The full text of the Assignment of Rights Agreement is filed as an exhibit to the 2013 20F20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 28,25, 2014.
5. Sale and Purchase Agreement dated June 20, 2013 between the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Minera Gavilan, S.A. de C.V. and Almaden America Inc., and Tarsis Resources Ltd. (“Tarsis”("Tarsis") whereby Tarsis purchased the Company’sCompany's 100% interests in the Yago, Mezquites, Cofradia, Llano Grande, BP and Black Jack Springs prospects issuing 4,000,000 shares of Tarsis to the Company together with a 2% NSR. The full text of the Sale and Purchase Agreement was furnished to the Commission under cover of Form 6-K on June 20, 2013.
6. Amendment Agreement dated November 26, 2013 between the Company’sCompany's wholly-owned subsidiary, Minera Gavilan, S.A. de C.V., Candymin, S.A. de C.V. (“Candymin”("Candymin") and Mr. Charlie Edward Warren (“Warren”("Warren") whereby the Company and Candymin obtained a reduction in a royalty with respect to the Caballo Blanco prospect for total payment to Warren of US$750,000 (the Company US$350,000/Candymin US$400,000) and the Company issuing Warren 20,000 shares of the Company. The full text of the Amendment of Rights Agreement is filed as an exhibit to the 2013 20F20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 28,25, 2014.
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7. Arrangement Agreement dated May 11, 2015 to spinout, pursuant to a statutory Plan of Arrangement, Almaden's early stage exploration projects, royalty interests and other non-core assets into a new public Company called Almadex. On July 31, 2015, all conditions to the statutory Plan of Arrangement regarding the spinout were satisfied or waived and the spinout was effective. Almaden's shareholders approved the Plan of Arrangement and exchanged their existing common shares of Almaden for one "new" Almaden common share and 0.6 common share of Almadex. The full text of the Arrangement Agreement is filed as an exhibit to the 2015 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 31, 2016.
8. Administrative Services Agreement between the Company and Almadex Minerals Limited ("Almadex") dated May 15, 2015, as amended by First Amending Agreement dated December 16, 2015 (the "Agreement"). Under the Agreement, the Company provides management services to Almadex as the sole and exclusive manager, including the authority to manage the assets, operations, business, and administrative affairs of Almadex. Almadex compensates the Company 30% of the Company's actual monthly cost of rent for any shared facilities, and 30% of any shared personnel's fees and/or wages. Almadex also pays the Company any reasonable fees or costs incurred on behalf of Almadex by the Company which were approved by Almadex. The Agreement has an initial 5-year term, with subsequent automatic 1 year renewals unless terminated pursuant to the terms permitted under the Agreement and include a Change of Control clause. If either party is subject to Change of Control during the term of the Agreement, the Agreement shall automatically terminate within 48 hours of the Change of Control unless agreed to in writing by both parties. The target of the Change of Control shall then pay the other party $2 million as compensation for the unplanned termination of the Company's engagement. "Change of Control" means the date upon which, without the written concurrence of the target of the Change of Control, any person (as that term is defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia)) makes and does not withdraw a take-over bid (as that term is defined in the Securities Act (British Columbia)) or acquires, directly or indirectly, that number of common shares of the target which equals or exceeds twenty percent (20%) of the then issued common shares of the target. The full text of the Administrative Services Agreement is filed as an exhibit to the 2015 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 31, 2016.
9. Termination Agreement dated effective December 31, 2015 between the Company and Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. for the services of Duane Poliquin as Executive Chairman. The full text of the Termination Agreement is filed as an exhibit to the 2015 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 31, 2016.
10. Executive Employment Contract dated effective as of January 1, 2016 between the Company and Duane Poliquin to serve as Executive Chairman for a term of 2 years, renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months, for remuneration of $240,000 per annum. The full text of the Executive Compensation Contract is filed as an exhibit to the 2015 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 31, 2016 and of the Amending Agreement as an exhibit to this 20-F Annual Report.
Exchange controls
Except as discussed above, the Company is not aware of any Canadian federal or provincial laws, decrees or regulations that restrict the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls, or that affect the remittance of interest, dividends or other payments to non-Canadian holders of the common shares. There are no limitations on the right of non-Canadian owners to hold or vote the common shares imposed by Canadian federal or provincial law or by the charter or other constituent documents of the Company.
The Investment Canada Act (the "IC Act") governs acquisitions of Canadian business by a non-Canadian person or entity. The IC Act requires a non-Canadian (as defined in the IC Act) making an investment to acquire control of a Canadian business, the gross assets of which exceed certain defined threshold levels, to file an application for review with the Investment Review Division of Industry Canada. The IC Act provides, among other things, for a review of an investment in the event of acquisition of "control" in certain Canadian businesses in the following circumstances:
1. If the investor is a non-Canadian and is a national of a country belonging to the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA") and/or the World Trade Organization ("WTO") ("NAFTA or WTO National"), any direct acquisition having an asset value exceeding $179,000,000 is reviewable. This amount is subject to an annual adjustment on the basis of a prescribed formula in the IC Act to reflect inflation and real growth within Canada. This threshold level does not apply in certain sections of Canadian industry, such as uranium, financial services (except insurance), transportation services and cultural services (i.e. the publication, distribution or sale of books, magazines, periodicals (other than printing or typesetting businesses), music in print or machine readable form, radio, television, cable and satellite services; the publication, distribution, sale or exhibition of film or video recordings on audio or video music recordings), to which lower thresholds as prescribed in the IC Act are applicable.
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2. If the investor is a non-Canadian and is not a NAFTA or WTO National, any direct acquisition having an asset value exceeding $5,000,000 and any indirect acquisition having an asset value exceeding $50,000,000 is reviewable.
3. If the investor is a non-Canadian and is a NAFTA or WTO National, an indirect acquisition of control is reviewable if the value of the assets of the business located in Canada represents more than 50% of the asset value of the transaction or the business is involved in uranium, financial services, transportation services or cultural services (as set forth above).
Finally, certain transactions prescribed in the IC Act are exempted from review altogether.
In the context of the Company, in essence, three methods of acquiring control of a Canadian business are regulated by the IC Act: (i) the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets used in carrying on business in Canada; (ii) the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of voting shares of a Canadian company carrying on business in Canada; or (iii) the acquisition of voting shares of an entity which controls, directly or indirectly, another entity carrying on business in Canada.
An acquisition of a majority of the voting shares of a Canadian entity, including a company, is deemed to be an acquisition of control under the IC Act. However, under the IC Act, there is a rebuttable presumption that control is acquired if one-third of the voting shares of a Canadian company or an equivalent undivided interest in the voting shares of such company are held by a non-Canadian person or entity. An acquisition of less than one-third of the voting shares of a Canadian company is deemed not to be an acquisition of control. An acquisition of less than a majority, but one-third or more, of the voting shares of a Canadian company is presumed to be an acquisition of control unless it can be established that, on the acquisition, the Canadian company is not, in fact, controlled by the acquirer through the ownership of voting shares. For partnerships, trusts, joint ventures or other unincorporated Canadian entities, an acquisition of less than a majority of the voting interests is deemed not to be an acquisition of control.
In addition, if a Canadian company is controlled by a non-Canadian, the acquisition of control of any other Canadian company by such company may be subject to the prior approval of the Investment Review Division, unless it can be established that the Canadian company is not in fact controlled by the acquirer through the ownership of voting shares.
Where an investment is reviewable under the IC Act, the investment may not be implemented unless it is likely to be of net benefit to Canada. If an applicant is unable to satisfy the Minister responsible for Industry Canada that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada, the applicant may not proceed with the investment. Alternatively, an acquirer may be required to divest control of the Canadian business that is the subject of the investment.
In addition to the foregoing, the IC Act provides for formal notification under the IC Act of all other acquisitions of control of Canadian businesses by non-Canadian investors.
The notification process consists of filing a notification within 30 days following the implementation of an investment, which notification is for information, as opposed to review, purposes.
Taxation
The following summary of the material Canadian federal income tax consequences generally applicable in respect of the common stock reflects the Company’sCompany's opinion. The tax consequences to any particular holder of common stock will vary according to the status of that holder as an individual, trust, company or member of a partnership, the jurisdiction in which that holder is subject to taxation, the place where that holder is resident and, generally, according to that holder’sholder's particular circumstances. This summary is applicable only to holders who are resident in the U.S., have never been resident in Canada, deal at arm’sarm's length with the Company, hold their common stock as capital property and who will not use or hold the common stock in carrying on business in Canada. Special rules, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply to a U.S. holder that is an issuer that carries on business in Canada and elsewhere.
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This summary is based upon the provisions of the Income Tax Act of Canada and the regulations thereunder (collectively, the "Tax"Canadian Tax Act" or “ITA”"ITA")and the Canada-United States Tax Convention (the “Tax Convention”"Convention") as at the date of the Registration Statement and the current administrative practices of Canada Revenue Agency. This summary does not take into account Provincial income tax consequences.
Each holder should consult his own tax advisor with respect to the income tax consequences applicable to him in his own particular circumstances.
Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences
The discussion under this heading summarizes the principal Canadian federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of shares of common stock of the Company for a shareholder of the Company who is not a resident of Canada but is a resident of the U.S. and who will acquire and hold shares of common stock of the Company as capital property for the purposes of the IncomeCanadian Tax Act (Canada) (the “Canadian Tax Act”).Act. This summary does not apply to a shareholder who carries on business in Canada through a “permanent establishment”"permanent establishment" situated in Canada or performs independent personal services in Canada through a fixed base in Canada if the shareholder’sshareholder's holding in the Company is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. This summary is based on the provisions of the Canadian Tax Act and the regulations thereunder and on an understanding of the administrative practices of Canada Revenue Agency, and takes into account all specific proposals to amend the Canadian Tax Act or regulations made by the Minister of Finance of Canada as of the date hereof. It has been assumed that there will be no other relevant amendment of any governing law although no assurance can be given in this respect. This discussion is general only and is not a substitute for independent advice from a shareholder’sshareholder's own Canadian and U.S. tax advisors.
The provisions of the Canadian Tax Act are subject to income tax treaties to which Canada is a party, including the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980), as amended (the “Convention”).Convention.
Dividends on Common Shares and Other Income
Under the Canadian Tax Act, a non-resident of Canada is generally subject to Canadian withholding tax at the rate of 25 percent on dividends paid or deemed to have been paid to him or her by a company resident in Canada. The Company is responsible for withholding of tax at the source. The Convention limits the rate to 15 percent if the shareholder is a resident of the U.S. and the dividends are beneficially owned by and paid to such shareholder, and to 5 percent if the shareholder is also a company that beneficially owns at least 10 percent of the voting stock of the payor company.
The amount of a stock dividend (for tax purposes) would generally be equal to the amount by which the paid up or stated capital of the Company had increased by reason of the payment of such dividend. The Company will furnish additional tax information to shareholders in the event of such a dividend. Interest paid or deemed to be paid on the Company’sCompany's debt securities held by non-Canadian residents may also be subject to Canadian withholding tax, depending upon the terms and provisions of such securities and any applicable tax treaty.
The Convention generally eliminates Canadian tax on interest paid or deemed to be paid by the Company to U.S. residents. The Convention generally exempts from Canadian income tax dividends paid to a religious, scientific, literary, educational or charitable organization or to an organization constituted and operated exclusively to administer a pension, retirement or employee benefit fund or plan, if the organization is a resident of the U.S. and is exempt from income tax under the laws of the U.S.
Dispositions of Common Shares
Under the Canadian Tax Act, a taxpayer’staxpayer's capital gain or capital loss from a disposition of a share of common stock of the Company is the amount, if any, by which his or her proceeds of disposition exceed (or are exceeded by, respectively) the aggregate of his or her adjusted cost base of the share and reasonable expenses of disposition. The capital gain or loss must be computed in Canadian currency using a weighted average adjusted cost base for identical properties. There are special transitional rules to apply capital losses against capital gains that arose in different periods. The amount by which a shareholder’sshareholder's capital loss exceeds the capital gain in a year may be deducted from a capital gain realized by the shareholder in the three previous years or any subsequent year, subject to certain restrictions in the case of a corporate shareholder.
Under the Canadian Tax Act, a non-resident of Canada is subject to Canadian tax on taxable capital gains, and may deduct allowable capital losses, realized on a disposition of "taxable Canadian property." Shares of common stock of the Company will constitute taxable Canadian property of a shareholder at a particular time if the shareholder used the shares in carrying on business in Canada, or if at any time in the five years immediately preceding the disposition 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series in the capital stock of the Company belonged to one or more persons in a group comprising the shareholder and persons with whom the shareholder and persons with whom the shareholder did not deal at arm’sarm's length and in certain other circumstances.
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The Convention relieves U.S. residents from liability for Canadian tax on capital gains derived on a disposition of shares unless
(a) the value of the shares is derived principally from “real property”"real property" in Canada, including the right to explore for or exploit natural resources and rights to amounts computed by reference to production,
(b) the shareholder was resident in Canada for 120 months during any period of 20 consecutive years preceding, and at any time during the 10 years immediately preceding, the disposition and the shares were owned by him when he or she ceased to be resident in Canada, or
(c) the shares formed part of the business property of a “permanent establishment” that the holder has or had in Canada within the 12 months preceding the disposition.
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax consequences generally applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below) of common shares of the Company. This discussion does not cover any state, local or foreign tax consequences.
The following discussion is based upon the sections of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“("the Code”Code"), Treasury Regulations, published Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”("IRS") rulings, published administrative positions of the IRS and court decisions that are currently applicable, any or all of which could be materially and adversely changed, possiblepossibly on a retroactive basis, at any time. In addition, the discussion does not consider the potential effects, both adverse and beneficial, or recently proposed legislation which, if enacted, could be applied, possibly on a retroactive basis, at any time. The following discussion is for general information only and itonly. It is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any U.S. Holder or prospective holder and not an opinion or representation with respect to the U.S. Federal income tax consequences to any suchU.S. Holder or prospective holder is made. The following summary was not written and is not intended to be used, and cannot be used, by any person for the avoidance of any penalties with respect to taxes that may be imposed on such person. U.S. Holders and prospective holders of common shares of the Company are urged to consult their own tax advisors about the federal, state, local, and foreign tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of common shares of the Company.
U.S. Holders
As used herein, a U.S. Holder includes a holder of common shares of the Company who is a citizen or resident of the U.S. (and not a tax resident of any other country), a company (or an entity which has elected to be treated as a company under Treasury Regulation Sections 301.7701-3) created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S. or of any political subdivision thereof, any estate other than a foreign estate (as defined in Section 7701(a)(31)(A) of the Code or, a trust subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and control of a U.S. fiduciary as described in Section 7701(a)(30)(E) of the Code). This summary does not address the tax consequences to, and U.S. Holder does not include, persons subject to special provisions of Federal income tax law, such as tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, financial institutions, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, broker-dealers, non-resident alien individuals, persons or entities that have a “functional currency”"functional currency" other than the U.S. dollar, shareholders who hold common shares as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction, and shareholders who acquired their common shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services. This summary is limited to U.S. Holders who own common shares as capital assets. This summary does not address the consequences to a person or entity holding an interest in a shareholder of the Company or the consequences to a person of the ownership, exercise or disposition of any options, warrants or other rights to acquire common shares of the Company.
Distribution on Common Shares of the Company
U.S. Holders receiving dividend distributions (including constructive dividends) with respect to common shares of the Company are required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes the gross amount of such distributions equal to the U.S. dollar value of such distributions on the date of receipt (based on the exchange rate on such date), to the extent that the Company has current or accumulated earnings and profits, without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distributions. Such Canadian tax withheld may be credited, subject to certain limitations, against the U.S. Holder’sHolder's U.S. federal income tax liability or, alternatively, may be deducted in computing the U.S. Holder’sHolder's U.S. federal taxable income. (See more detailed discussion at “Foreign"Foreign Tax Credit”Credit" below). To the extent that distributions exceed current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Company, they will be treated first as a return of capital up to the U.S. Holder’sHolder's adjusted basis in the common shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of the common shares. DividendUnless the distribution constitutes "qualified dividend income" as defined in Section 1(h)(11), dividend income will be taxed at marginal tax rates applicable to ordinary income while preferential tax rates for long-term capital gains are applicable to a U.S. Holder which is an individual, estate or trust. If the distribution qualifies as "qualified dividend income", the distribution will be taxable as net capital gain where the U.S. holder is an individual, estate or trust. There are currently no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gains for a U.S. Holder which is a company.
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In the case of foreign currency received as a dividend that is not converted by the recipient into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Gain or loss may be recognized upon a subsequent sale of other disposition of the foreign currency, including the exchange for U.S. dollars.
Dividends paid on the common shares of the Company will not generally be eligible for the dividends received deduction provided to companies receiving dividends from certain U.S. companies. A U.S. Holder which is a company may, under certain circumstances, be entitled to a 70% deduction of the U.S. source portion of dividends received from the Company (unless the Company qualifies as a “foreign personal holding company” or a “passive"passive foreign investment company”company", as defined below) if such U.S. Holder owns shares representing at least 10% of the voting power and value of the Company. The availability of this deduction is subject to several complex limitations which are beyond the scope of this discussion.
Foreign Tax Credit
A U.S. Holder who pays (or has withheld from distributions) Canadian income tax with respect to the ownership of common shares of the Company may be entitled, at the option of the U.S. Holder, to either a deduction or a tax credit for such foreign tax paid or withheld. Generally, it will be more advantageous to claim a credit because a credit reduces U.S. Federal income taxes on a dollar-for-dollar basis, while a deduction merely reduces the taxpayer’s income subject to tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign income taxes (or taxes in lieu of income tax) paid by (or withheld from) the U.S. Holder during the year. There are significant and complex limitations which apply to a U.S. Holder's ability to claim the credit, among which is the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of the U.S. Holder’s U.S. incomeforeign tax liability that the U.S. Holder’s foreign source income bears to his/her or its worldwide taxable income. The various items of income and deduction must be classified into foreign and domestic sources. Complex rules govern this classification process. In addition, this limitation is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income such as “passive income”, “high withholding tax interest”, “financial services income”, “shipping income”, and certain other classifications of income. Dividends distributed by the Company will generally constitute “passive income” or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, “financial services income” for these purposes.credit. The availability of the foreign tax credit and the application of the limitations on the credit are fact specific and holders and prospective holders of common shares of the Company should consult their own tax advisors regarding their individual circumstances.
Disposition of Common Shares of the Company
Net Investment Tax
U.S. Holders may also be subject to the Net Investment Income Tax, which is imposed on certain U.S. taxpayers' income from investments, such as dividends, interest and capital gains. Individual taxpayers are liable for a 3.8 percent Net Investment Income Tax on the lesser of their net investment income, or the amount by which their modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain statutory thresholds based on their filing status. U.S. Holders or prospective U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors to determine if the Net Investment Income Tax will apply in their individual circumstances.
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Other Considerations
In the following circumstances, the above sections of the discussion may not describe the U.S. federal income tax consequences resulting from the holding and disposition of common shares of the Company.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
As a foreign company with U.S. Holders, the Company could potentially be treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”("PFIC"), as defined in Section 1297 of the Code. Section 1297 of the Code defines a PFIC as a company that is not formed in the U.S. and, for any taxable year, either (i) 75% or more of its gross income is “passive income”"passive income", which includes among other types of income, interest, dividends and certain rents and royalties or (ii) the average percentage, by fair market value (or, if the company is a controlled foreign company or makes an election, by adjusted tax basis), of its assets that produce or are held for the production of “passive income”"passive income" is 50% or more.
The rule governing PFICs can have significant tax effects on U.S. shareholders of foreign companies who are subject to U.S. Federal income taxation under one of three alternative methods at the election of each such U.S. shareholder. As a PFIC, each U.S. shareholder’sshareholder's income or gain, with respect to a disposition or deemed disposition of the PFIC’sPFIC shares or a distribution payable on such shares will generally be subject to tax at the highest marginal rates applicable to ordinary income and certain interest charges as discussed below, unless the U.S. shareholder has timely made a “qualified"qualified electing fund”fund" election or a “mark-to-market”"mark-to-market" election for those shares.
Under one method, a U.S. shareholder who elects in a timely manner to treat the PFIC as a Qualified Electing Fund ("QEF"), as defined in the Code, (an "Electing U.S. Holder") will be required to currently include in his income for any taxable year in which the company qualifies as a PFIC his pro-rata share of the company's (i) "net capital gain" (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), which will be taxed as long-term capital gain to the Electing U.S. Holder, and (ii) "ordinary earnings" (the excess of earnings and profits over net capital gain), which will be taxed as ordinary income to the Electing U.S. Holder, in each case, for the U.S. Holder's taxable year in which (or with which) the Company’sCompany's taxable year ends, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed. A QEF election also allows the Electing U.S. Holder to (i) generally treat any gain realized on the disposition of his common shares (or deemed to be realized on the pledge of his common shares) as capital gain; (ii) treat his share of the company's net capital gain, if any, as long-term capital gain instead of ordinary income, and (iii) either avoid interest charges resulting from PFIC status altogether (see discussion of interest charge below), or make an annual election, subject to certain limitations, to defer payment of current taxes on his share of the company's annual realized net capital gain and ordinary earnings which will then be subject, however, to an interest charge.
The procedure a U.S. Holder must comply with in making a timely QEF election will depend on whether the year of the election is the first year in the U.S. Holder's holding period in which the Company is a PFIC. If the U.S. shareholder makes a QEF election in such first year, (sometimes referred to as a "Pedigreed QEF Election"), then the U.S. shareholder may make the QEF election by simply filing the appropriate documents at the time the U.S. Holder files its tax return for such first year. If, however, the company qualified as a PFIC in a prior year during the U.S. shareholder’sshareholder's holding period, then the U.S. shareholder may make a retroactive QEF election, provided he has preserved his right to do so under the protective statement regime or he obtains IRS permission.
If a U.S. shareholder has not made a QEF Election at any time (a "Non-electing U.S. Holder"), then special taxation rules under Section 1291 of the Code will apply to (i) gains realized on the disposition (or deemed to be realized by reason of a pledge) of his common shares and (ii) certain "excess distributions" by the company. An excess distribution is a current year distribution received by the U.S. shareholder on PFIC stock to the extent that the distribution exceeds its ratable portion of 125% of the average amount received by the U.S. shareholder during the preceding three years.
A Non-electing U.S. shareholder generally would be required to pro-rate all gains realized on the disposition of his common shares and all excess distributions over the entire holding period for the common shares. All gains or excess distributions allocated to prior years of the U.S. shareholder (other than years prior to the first taxable year of the Company during such U.S. Holder's holding period and beginning after January 1, 1987 for which it was a PFIC) would be taxed at the highest marginal tax rate for each such prior year applicable to ordinary income. The Non-electing U.S. shareholder also would be liable for interest on the foregoing tax liability for each such prior year calculated as if such liability had been due with respect to each such prior year. A Non-electing non-corporate U.S. shareholder must treat this interest charge as "personal interest" which is wholly non-deductible. The balance of the gain or the excess distribution will be treated as ordinary income in the year of the disposition or distribution, and no interest charge will be incurred with respect to such balance.
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If a company is a PFIC for any taxable year during which a Non-electing U.S. shareholder holds common shares, then the company will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such common shares, even if it is no longer by definition a PFIC. A Non-electing U.S. shareholder may terminate this deemed PFIC status by electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules discussed above for Non-Electing U.S. Holders) as if such common shares had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year for which it was a PFIC. If the company no longer qualifies as a PFIC in a subsequent year, then normal Code rules and not the PFIC rules will apply with respect to a U.S. shareholder who has made a Pedigreed QEF election.
If a U.S. shareholder makes a QEF Election that is not a Pedigreed Election (i.e., it is made after the first year during which the company is a PFIC and the U.S. shareholder holds shares of the company) (a "Non-Pedigreed Election"), the QEF rules apply prospectively but do not apply to years prior to the year in which the QEF first becomes effective. U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the specific consequences of making or not making a QEF Election.
Under an alternative method, U.S. Holders who hold (actually or constructively) marketable stock of a PFIC may elect to mark such stock to the market annually (a “mark-to-market election”"mark-to-market election"). If such an election is made, such U.S. Holder will generally not be subject to the special taxation rules of Section 1291 discussed above. However, if the mark-to-market election is made by a Non-Electing U.S. Holder after the beginning of the holding period for the PFIC stock, then the Section 1291 rules will apply to certain dispositions of, distributions on and other amounts taxable with respect to the Company common shares. A U.S. Holder who makes the mark-to-market election will include in income for each taxable year for which the election is in effect an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common shares of the Company as of the close of such tax year over such U.S. Holder’sHolder's adjusted basis in such common shares. In addition, the U.S. Holder is allowed a deduction for the lesser of (i) the excess, if any, of such U.S. Holder’sHolder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares over the fair market value of such shares as of the close of the tax year, or (ii) the excess, if any, of (a) the mark-to-market gains for the common shares in the Company included by such U.S. Holder for prior tax years, including any amount which would have been treated as a mark-to-market gain for any prior tax year but for the Section 1291 rules discussed above with respect to Non-Electing U.S. Holders, over (b) the mark-to-market losses for shares that were allowed as deductions for prior tax years. A U.S. Holder’sHolder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares of the Company will be adjusted to reflect the amount included in or deducted from income as a result of a mark-to-market election. A mark-to-market election applies to the taxable year in which the election is made and to each subsequent taxable year, unless the Company’sCompany's common shares cease to be marketable, as specifically defined, or the IRS consents to revocation of the election. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the manner of making such an election.
Controlled Foreign Company
If more than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or more than 50% of the total value of the stock of the Company is owned, directly, indirectly or constructively, by U.S. Holders, each of whom own actually or constructively 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, the Company would be treated as a “controlled"controlled foreign company”company" or “CFC”"CFC" under Subpart F of the Code. This classification would effect many complex results, one of which requires such 10% U.S. Holders (a U.S. Holder for CFC purposes) to include in their income their pro rata shares of the Subpart F income of the CFC and the CFC’sCFC's earnings invested in U.S. property. The foreign tax credit described above may reduce the U.S. tax on these amounts. In addition, under Section 1248 of the Code, gain from the sale or exchange of shares by a U.S. Holder of common shares of the Company which is or was a U.S. Shareholder at any time during the five-year period ending with the sale or exchange will be treated as dividend income to the extent of earnings and profits of the Company (accumulated only while the shares were held by the U.S. Shareholder and while the Company was a CFC attributable to the shares sold or exchanged. If a foreign company is both a PFIC and a CFC, the foreign company generally will not be treated as a PFIC with respect to certain 10% U.S. Shareholders of the CFC. This rule generally will be effective for taxable years of U.S. Shareholders beginning after 1997 and for taxable years of foreign company’scompany's ending with or within such taxable years of U.S. Shareholders. The PFIC provisions continue to apply in the case of a PFIC that is also a CFC with respect to the U.S. Holders that are less than 10% shareholders. Because of the complexity of Subpart F, a more detailed review of these rules is outside of the scope of this discussion.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, unless a U.S. Holder belongs to a category of certain exempt recipients (such as corporations), information reporting requirements will apply to distributions as well as proceeds of sales from the sale of shares of the Company that are effected through the U.S. office of a broker or the non-U.S. office of a broker that has certain connections with the United States. Backup withholding may apply to these payments if a U.S. Holder fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status, fails to report in full dividend and interest income or, in certain circumstances, fails to comply with applicable certification requirements. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or credit against a U.S. Holder’sHolder's U.S. federal income tax, provided the U.S. Holder furnishes the required information to the IRS in a timely manner. Other filing requirements may also apply. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors concerning their particular reporting requirements.
U.S. Holder's should consult with their tax advisors to determine if holding common shares in the Company will create any other disclosure or reporting requirements for U.S. tax purposes.
Documents on Display
Any of the documents referred to above can be viewed at the registered office of the Company located at 1177 West Hastings Street, Suite 1710, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6E 2L3.
This Annual Report and the Company’sCompany's recent 6-K filings can be viewed on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's EDGAR web-site at www.sec.gov./edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html.
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not Applicable
PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not Applicable
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Securities Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not Applicable
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or “Exchange Act”"Exchange Act") as of December 31, 2013.2016. This evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2013,2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms. We also concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management’sCompany's management's assessed the effectiveness of the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013.2016. In making this assessment, the Company’sCompany's management used criteriacriteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) published in 1992by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2013,2016, the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Company’sCompany's Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Joseph MontgomeryMark T. Brown is the Company's audit committee financial expert. Mr. MontgomeryBrown has extensive business and financial experience. He has served as a director of a number of other publicly traded companies over the past 2520 years, and currently serves as a director of twoeight other publicly traded mineral exploration companies. Mr. MontgomeryBrown is independent as defined by Section 803(B) of the NYSE MKT Listing Standards.
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
The Company adopted several codes of conduct, including a Code of Business Ethics, a Code of Business Conduct Ethics for Directors, a Communications Policy and an Audit Committee Charter. These initial codes were filed with the 20-F Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2004. After review, the Company has adopted revised and new codes as follow: Audit Committee Charter, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee-Responsibilities and Duties, Compensation Committee-Responsibilities and Duties, Code of Business Ethics, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Communications Policy, Securities Trading Policy, Whistleblowers Policy and a Privacy Policy (the “Codes”"Codes"). The Codes may be viewed on the Company’sCompany's website at www.almadenminerals.com. The Codes may also be viewed as filed on EDGAR as an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006. Any amendments to the Codes or waivers of the provision of any Codes will be posted on the Company’sCompany's website within 5 business days of such amendment or waiver.
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The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors (“Code”("Code"), a Code of Business Ethics (“COBE”("COBE"), a Securities Trading Policy and a Privacy Policy. Employees and consultants are required as a term of employment or engagement to undertake to abide by the COBE. Directors are by law bound to observe the Code adopted by the Board.
All Directors, Officers and Employees (“Individuals”("Individuals") sign an Annual Certification (“Certification”("Certification") stating they have read the Code of Business Ethics policy (“Policy”("Policy") of the Company and have complied with such Policy in all respects. The Certification further acknowledges that all members of the Individual’sIndividual's family, all other persons who live with the Individual and all holding companies and other related entities of the Individual and all such persons or companies acting on behalf of or at the request of any of the foregoing also complied with such Policy. The Certification also states that any violation of such Policy may constitute grounds for immediate suspension or dismissal.
Each director is expected and required by statute to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent individual would exercise in comparable circumstances and in accordance with the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and the Company’sCompany's Articles.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Audit Committee's pre-approval policies and procedures
The Audit Committee nominates and engages the independent auditors to audit the financial statements, and approves all audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services provided by DeloitteDavidson & Company LLP. Any services provided by DeloitteDavidson & Company LLP that are not specifically included within the scope of the audit must be preapproved by the audit committeeAudit Committee prior to any engagement. The audit committeeAudit Committee is permitted to approve certain fees for audit-related services, tax services and other services before the completion of the engagement. In Fiscal 2013 and 2012, tax services paid to Deloitte LLP were pre-approved by the audit committee.
Table No. 19 lists the aggregate fees billed or estimated for each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the Company’sCompany's annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
Table No. 19
Principal Accountant Fees
| Years ended December 31 | ||||||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | |||||||
| Audit fees | $141,775 | $157,407 | $ | 38,000 | $ | 134,232 | ||||
| Audit-related fees | 10,625 | 39,823 | 4,330 | 20,686 | ||||||
| Tax fees | 51,314 | 115,317 | - | 28,623 | ||||||
| Other fees | - | - | - | - | ||||||
Fiscal 20132016 and Fiscal 20122015 audit fees relate to the annual audit of the Company’sCompany's consolidated financial statements, effectiveness of the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting and review of the Form 20-F. Audit-related fees relate to accounting advisory services. Tax fees relate to the completion of income tax returns and tax consulting services. Other fees relate to services other than audit fees, audit-related fees, and tax fees described above.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Not applicable.
Item 16F. Change in Registrant’sRegistrant's Certifying Accountant
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During the two most recent fiscal years, there were no disagreements between the Company and the current or former auditors. The accountant's report on the financial statements for each of the two most recent fiscal years contained no adverse opinions or disclaimer of opinions. The Company did not consult with Davidson & Company LLP during the two fiscal years prior to their engagement regarding the application of accounting principles to any specified transaction or any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue, or any matter that was subject to a disagreement or reportable event.
The Company has provided Deloitte LLP with a copy of this disclosure and they have provided a letter which agrees with the statements made by the Company. A copy of this letter has been filed as an exhibit to the Company's fiscal 2015 Form 20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 31, 2016.
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
The Company’sCompany's class of common shares is listed on the NYSE MKT and the Toronto Stock Exchange. Under the rules of the NYSE MKT, listed companies are generally required to have a majority of their Board of Directors be “independent”"independent" as defined by the NYSE MKT Company Guide Rules. Currently, as permitted under applicable Canadian regulations, the Company’sCompany's Board consists of 87 directors, of which 45 are considered to be “independent.” However, the NYSE MKT rules provide an exemption for companies which have Boards comprised of only 50% “independent” directors, provided that such companies, as of the end of the second quarter of their preceding fiscal year, met the definition of “smaller reporting companies” under the SEC’s rules. The Company qualifies for such exemption. Furthermore, under the NYSE MKT rules a “foreign private issuer” such as the Company may, subject to certain conditions, follow Canadian practice with respect to, among other things, the relative independence of its Board.
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements
The Company’s consolidatedCompany has provided financial statements and notes thereto are stated in Canadian Dollars (CDN$) and are prepared in accordance and compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”).pursuant to Item 18 of this Form 20-F.
Item 18. Financial Statements
The Company has providedCompany's consolidated financial statements pursuant to Item 17.and notes thereto are expressed in Canadian Dollars (CDN$) and are prepared in accordance and compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB").
Item 19. Exhibits
A. The financial statements and notes thereto as required under Item 1718 are attached hereto and found immediately following the text of this Annual Report.
Audited Financial Statements
Independent registered Public Accounting Firm reportreports on the consolidated financial statements, dated March 28, 2014
Consolidated statements of financial position at December 31, 20132016 and 20122015
Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 20112014
Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 20112014
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 20112014
Summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information
89
B. Index to Exhibits
1. | Certificate of Amalgamation |
| Amalgamation Agreement | |
- Incorporated by reference to the 2001, as filed with the Commission on May 17, | |
1.1 | Articles |
- Incorporated by reference to the 2005, as filed with the Commission on March 30, | |
2. | Instruments defining the rights of holders of equity or debt securities being registered |
3. | Voting trust - Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2014. |
4. | Executive Compensation Contract dated January 29, 2013 with Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. |
- Incorporated by reference to the the Commission on March 28, | |
| 4.1 | Executive Compensation Contract dated January 29, 2013 with Morgan Poliquin |
the Commission on March 28, 2013. |
Assignment of Rights Agreement dated March 11, 2013 with Don David Gold Mexico, S.A. de C.V. - Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2014. | |
| 4.3 | Sale and Purchase Agreement dated June 20, 2013 with Tarsis Resources Ltd. |
Amendment Agreement dated November 26, 2013 with Candymin, S.A. de C.V. and Mr. Charlie Warren - Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2014. | |
| 4.5 | Arrangement Agreement dated May 11, 2015 in connection with the Company's statutory Plan of Arrangement with Almadex and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2016. |
| 4.6 | Administrative Services Agreement between the Company and Almadex Minerals Limited dated May 15, 2015 and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2016. |
| 4.7 | First Amending Agreement to the May 15, 2015 Administrative Services Agreement between the Company and Almadex Minerals Limited dated December 16, 2015 and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2016. |
| 4.8 | Termination Agreement effective December 31, 2015 between the Company and Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2016. |
| 4.9 | Executive Employment Contract between the Company and Duane Poliquin dated effective January 1, 2016 and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2016. |
| 4.10 | Deloitte Letter to the Securities and Exchange Commission dated March 29, 2016 and filed with the Commission on March 31, 2016. |
| Amending Agreement dated April 1, 2016 to the Executive Compensation Contract with Morgan Poliquin dated January 29, 2013. | |
| Amending Agreement dated April 1, 2016 to the Executive Employment Contract with Duane Poliquin dated January 1, 2016. | |
| 5. | List of foreign patents – N/A |
6. | Calculation of earnings per share – N/A |
7. | Explanation of calculation of ratios – N/A |
| List of subsidiaries |
90
9. | Statement pursuant to the instruction to Item 8.A.4, regarding the financial statement filed in registration |
| Statements for initial public offerings of securities – N/A | |
10. | Any notice required by Rule 104 of Regulation BTR – N/A |
11 | Audit Committee Charter |
| Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee-Duties and Responsibility | |
| Compensation Committee-Responsibilities and Duties | |
| Code of Business Ethics | |
| Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors | |
| Communications Policy | |
| Securities Trading Policy | |
| Whistleblower Policy | |
| Privacy Policy | |
- Incorporated by reference to the 2005, as filed with the Commission on March 30, | |
Shareholder Rights Plan dated April 13, 2011 | |
Advance Notice Policy dated January 28, 2013 | |
- Incorporated by reference to the the Commission on March 28, 2013. | |
Multiple Voting Policy – adopted by the Board of Directors on May 7, 2013 - Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 20-F Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2014 as filed with the Commission on March | |
| Certification of CEO Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act, Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
Certification of CFO Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act, Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
| Certification of CEO Pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
| Certification of CFO Pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
Consolidated financial statementsFinancial Statements of
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
For the yearyears ended December 31, 2013
2016, 2015 and 2014
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
December 31, 20132016, 2015 and 2014
Table of contents
Independent | 1-3 |
Consolidated statements of financial position | 4 |
| Consolidated statements of comprehensive | 5 |
Consolidated statements of cash flows | 6 |
| Consolidated statements of changes in equity | 7 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements | |
8-42 |
To the Board ofShareholders and Directors and Shareholders of
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Almaden Minerals Ltd. and subsidiaries (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 20132016 and December 31, 2012,2015 and the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income, statements ofloss, cash flows, and changes in equity and statements of cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013,2016 and 2015, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor'sauditors' judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances.circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, thethese consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Almaden Minerals Ltd. and subsidiaries, as at December 31, 20132016 and December 31, 20122015 and theirits financial performance and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 20132016 and 2015, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Comparative Information
The financial statements of Almaden Minerals Ltd. for the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as ofyear ended December 31, 2013, based on2014 (prior to adjustments as described in Note 3(b) to the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issuedfinancial statements) were audited by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 28, 2014another auditor who expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements on March 30, 2015.
As part of our audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.statements of Almaden Minerals Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2016, we also audited the adjustments described in Note 3(b) that were applied to the comparative financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014. In our opinion, such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the financial statements of Almaden Minerals Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2014 other than with respect to the adjustments and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014 taken as a whole.
| Vancouver, Canada | Chartered Professional Accountants |
| March 29, 2017 |
 | 2800 - 1055 Dunsmuir Street 4 Bentall Centre P.O. Box 49279 Vancouver BC V7X 1P4 Canada Tel: (604) 669-4466 Fax: (604) 685-0395 www.deloitte.ca |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
We have audited, before the internal control overeffects of the adjustments as discussed in Note 3(b) to the consolidated financial reportingstatements, the consolidated statements of Almaden Minerals Ltd.comprehensive loss, cash flows and subsidiaries (changes in equity for the “Company”) as ofyear ended December 31, 2013, based on2014 (the 2014 consolidated financial statements before the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizationseffects of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control overadjustments discussed in Note 3(b) to the consolidated financial reporting and for its assessmentstatements are not presented herein). These financial statements are the responsibility of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control overthese financial reportingstatements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). and Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effectivethe financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.reporting. Our audit included obtaining an understandingconsideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testingaccounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit providesprovide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenanceadjustments as discussed in Note 3(b) to the consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of records that, in reasonable detail, accuratelyassurance about whether such retrospective adjustments are appropriate and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparationhave been properly applied. Those retrospective adjustments were audited by other auditors.
/s/ Deloitte LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
March 30, 2015
Vancouver, Canada
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Consolidated statements of financial position
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)
December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents (Note 16) | 9,770,006 | 6,222,778 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (Note 5) | 380,898 | 383,464 | ||||||
| 10,150,904 | 6,606,242 | |||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Deposit on mill equipment (Note 9) | 1,280,383 | 965,358 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment (Note 10) | 97,252 | 105,738 | ||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets (Note 11) | 35,985,356 | 30,538,010 | ||||||
37,362,991 | 31,609,106 | |||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | 47,513,895 | 38,215,348 | ||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Trade and other payables | 857,823 | 797,769 | ||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Deferred income tax liability (Note 17) | 1,434,882 | 1,434,882 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,292,705 | 2,232,651 | ||||||
| EQUITY | ||||||||
| Share capital (Note 12) | 95,290,220 | 83,757,687 | ||||||
| Reserves (Note 12) | 13,552,101 | 11,822,637 | ||||||
| Deficit | (63,621,131 | ) | (59,597,627 | ) | ||||
| Total equity | 45,221,190 | 35,982,697 | ||||||
| TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | 47,513,895 | 38,215,348 | ||||||
Commitments (Note 18)
Subsequent events (Note 22)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
These consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedare authorized for issue by the International Accounting Standards Board and that receipts and expenditures of the companyDirectors on March 28, 2017.
They are being made only in
| /s/Duane Poliquin | /s/Mark T. Brown |
Director | Director |
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 512,659 | 1,089,276 | 772,670 | |||||||||
| Salaries and benefits (Note 13(b)) | 1,381,060 | 799,566 | 573,900 | |||||||||
| Travel and promotion | 259,840 | 264,128 | 320,752 | |||||||||
| Depreciation (Note 10) | 27,039 | 131,486 | 245,639 | |||||||||
| Office and license (Note 13(b)) | 120,972 | 150,844 | 157,275 | |||||||||
| Rent (Note 13(b)) | 146,759 | 175,583 | 176,960 | |||||||||
| Stock exchange fees | 23,389 | 115,294 | 88,287 | |||||||||
| Insurance | 60,499 | 70,202 | 81,429 | |||||||||
| Transfer agent fees | 23,370 | 31,830 | 24,196 | |||||||||
| Directors' fees (Note 13(a)) | 41,000 | 48,000 | 48,000 | |||||||||
| General exploration expenses (Note 13(a)) | 1,467 | 432,764 | 592,105 | |||||||||
| Share-based payments (Note 12(d)) | 1,869,010 | 950,740 | 565,800 | |||||||||
| 4,467,064 | 4,259,713 | 3,647,013 | ||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | ||||||||||||
| Interest and other income (Note 13(b)) | 550,271 | 303,403 | 253,991 | |||||||||
| Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets (Note 11) | - | (97,044 | ) | (2,570,664 | ) | |||||||
| Income on exploration and evaluation assets (Note 14) | - | 32,920 | 55,111 | |||||||||
| Loss on investment in associate (Note 7) | - | (95,892 | ) | (135,209 | ) | |||||||
| Impairment of marketable securities (Note 6) | - | (162,000 | ) | (405,903 | ) | |||||||
| Impairment of investment in associate (Note 7) | - | (470,700 | ) | (6,637,288 | ) | |||||||
| Gain on transfer of spin-out assets (Note 2) | - | 3,115,422 | - | |||||||||
| (Loss) gain on fair value of contingent shares receivable (Note 8) | - | (22,500 | ) | 24,900 | ||||||||
| Loss on sale of marketable securities | - | - | (42,220 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment (Note 10) | (3,985 | ) | (22,692 | ) | - | |||||||
| Foreign exchange gain (loss) | (102,726 | ) | 129,671 | (38,890 | ) | |||||||
| 443,560 | 2,710,588 | (9,496,172 | ) | |||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (4,023,504 | ) | (1,549,125 | ) | (13,143,185 | ) | ||||||
| Deferred income tax recovery (expense) (Note 17) | - | 404,600 | (1,839,482 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss for the year | (4,023,504 | ) | (1,144,525 | ) | (14,982,667 | ) | ||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss | ||||||||||||
| Net change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax of $Nil | - | (170,640 | ) | 239,515 | ||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment relating to available for sale financial assets included in net income (loss), net of tax of $Nil | - | (162,812 | ) | 42,413 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year | - | (333,452 | ) | 281,928 | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | (4,023,504 | ) | (1,477,977 | ) | (14,700,739 | ) | ||||||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share (Note 15) | (0.05 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.23 | ) | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated statements of the inherent limitationscash flows
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year | (4,023,504 | ) | (1,144,525 | ) | (14,982,667 | ) | ||||||
| Items not affecting cash | ||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax (recovery) expense | - | (404,600 | ) | 1,839,482 | ||||||||
| Loss on investment in associate | - | 95,892 | 135,209 | |||||||||
| Depreciation | 27,039 | 131,486 | 245,639 | |||||||||
| Loss on sale of marketable securities | - | - | 42,220 | |||||||||
| Unrealized foreign exchange | 9,575 | (1,370 | ) | |||||||||
| (Gain) loss on fair value of contingent shares receivable | - | 22,500 | (24,900 | ) | ||||||||
| Impairment of marketable securities | - | 162,000 | 405,903 | |||||||||
| Impairment of investment in associate | - | 470,700 | 6,637,288 | |||||||||
| Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets | - | 97,044 | 2,570,664 | |||||||||
| Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 3,985 | 22,692 | - | |||||||||
| Gain on transfer of spin-out assets | - | (3,115,422 | ) | - | ||||||||
| Share-based payments | 1,869,010 | 950,740 | 565,800 | |||||||||
| Changes in non-cash working capital components | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses | 2,566 | (342,649 | ) | 31,242 | ||||||||
| Trade and other payables | (209,807 | ) | 39,546 | (554,580 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (2,321,136 | ) | (3,015,966 | ) | (3,088,700 | ) | ||||||
| Investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets deposits | - | 683 | 137,645 | |||||||||
| Net proceeds from sale of marketable securities | - | - | 39,343 | |||||||||
| Deposit on mill equipment | (324,600 | ) | (692,000 | ) | - | |||||||
| Property, plant and equipment – purchase | (22,538 | ) | (2,516 | ) | (22,940 | ) | ||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets – costs | (5,177,485 | ) | (3,668,974 | ) | (6,768,273 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (5,524,623 | ) | (4,362,807 | ) | (6,614,225 | ) | ||||||
| Financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid to Almadex pursuant to the plan of arrangement | - | (3,000,000 | ) | - | ||||||||
| Issuance of shares, net of share issue costs | 4,091,646 | 8,428,953 | 5,880,750 | |||||||||
| Options exercised | 143,490 | - | - | |||||||||
| Warrants and finders' warrants exercised | 7,157,851 | - | - | |||||||||
| Net cash from financing activities | 11,392,987 | 5,428,953 | 5,880,750 | |||||||||
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | 3,547,228 | (1,949,820 | ) | (3,822,175 | ) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 6,222,778 | 8,172,598 | 11,994,773 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | 9,770,006 | 6,222,778 | 8,172,598 | |||||||||
| Supplemental cash and cash equivalents information – Note 16 | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of internal control overthese consolidated financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate becausestatements.
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Consolidated statements of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.equity
(Unaudited – Expressed in Canadian dollars)
| Share capital | Reserves | ||||||||||||
Number of shares | Amount | Share-based payments | Warrants | Available-for-sale financial assets | Total reserves | Deficit | Total | ||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2014 | 64,578,321 | 81,151,042 | 9,874,023 | 284,621 | 51,524 | 10,210,168 | (43,470,435) | 47,890,775 | |||||
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options | 150,000 | 121,500 | - | - | - | - | - | 121,500 | |||||
| Fair value of cash stock options transferred to share capital | - | 67,500 | (67,500) | - | - | (67,500) | - | - | |||||
| Share-based payments | - | - | 565,800 | - | - | 565,800 | - | 565,800 | |||||
| Private placements, net | 4,000,000 | 5,743,889 | - | - | - | - | - | 5,743,889 | |||||
| Finders' warrants issued pursuant to private placement | - | - | - | 15,361 | - | 15,361 | - | 15,361 | |||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | - | - | 281,928 | 281,928 | (14,982,667) | (14,700,739) | |||||
| Balance, December 31, 2014 | 68,728,321 | 87,083,931 | 10,372,323 | 299,982 | 333,452 | 11,005,757 | (58,453,102) | 39,636,586 | |||||
| Share-based payments | - | - | 950,740 | - | - | 950,740 | - | 950,740 | |||||
| Private placements, net | 8,926,666 | 8,229,361 | - | 180,267 | - | 180,267 | - | 8,409,628 | |||||
| Transfer of net assets pursuant to spin-out | - | (11,828,963) | - | - | - | - | - | (11,828,963) | |||||
| Finders' warrants issued pursuant to private placement | - | - | - | 19,325 | - | 19,325 | - | 19,325 | |||||
| Shares issued pursuant to mill option agreement | 407,997 | 273,358 | - | - | - | - | - | 273,358 | |||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | - | (332,452) | (333,452) | (1,144,525) | (1,477,977) | ||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2015 | 78,062,984 | 83,757,687 | 11,323,063 | 499,574 | - | 11,822,637 | (59,597,627) | 35,982,697 | |||||
| Share-based payments | - | - | 1,869,010 | - | - | 1,869,010 | - | 1,869,010 | |||||
| Private placements, net | 3,229,082 | 4,073,728 | - | - | - | - | - | 4,073,728 | |||||
| Finders' warrants issued pursuant to private placement | - | - | - | 17,918 | - | 17,918 | - | 17,918 | |||||
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of finders' warrants | 35,200 | 27,104 | - | - | - | - | - | 27,104 | |||||
| Fair value of finders' warrants transferred to share capital | - | 5,984 | - | (5,984) | - | (5,984) | - | - | |||||
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of warrants | 4,592,667 | 7,130,747 | - | - | - | - | - | 7,130,747 | |||||
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options | 182,000 | 143,490 | - | - | - | - | - | 143,490 | |||||
| Fair value of cash stock options transferred to share capital | - | 43,180 | (43,180) | - | - | (43,180) | - | - | |||||
| Shares issued on cashless exercise of stock options | 63,510 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| Fair value of cashless stock options transferred to share capital | - | 108,300 | (108,300) | - | - | (108,300) | - | - | |||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | (4,023,504) | (4,023,504) | |||||
| Balance, December 31, 2016 | 86,165,443 | 95,290,220 | 13,040,593 | 511,508 | - | 13,552,101 | (63,621,131) | 45,221,190 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Expressed in Canadian dollars
| Almaden Minerals Ltd. | |||||||
| Consolidated statements of financial position | |||||||
| (Expressed in Canadian dollars) | |||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | ||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||
| Current assets | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents (Note 15) | 11,994,773 | 16,487,408 | |||||
| Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (Note 4) | 445,122 | 1,571,629 | |||||
| Marketable securities (Note 5) | 1,058,661 | 2,201,808 | |||||
| Inventory (Note 6) | 274,768 | 274,768 | |||||
| 13,773,324 | 20,535,613 | ||||||
| Non-current assets | |||||||
| Investment in associate (Note 7) | 9,447,497 | 10,266,386 | |||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets deposit (Note 10(e)(vi)) | 138,929 | 138,929 | |||||
| Reclamation deposit (Note 3(m)) | 33,264 | 33,264 | |||||
| Contingent shares receivable (Note 8) | 44,700 | 238,200 | |||||
| Property, plant and equipment (Note 9) | 1,103,070 | 1,310,474 | |||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets (Note 10) | 24,447,149 | 16,609,450 | |||||
| 35,214,609 | 28,596,703 | ||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | 48,987,933 | 49,132,316 | |||||
| LIABILITIES | |||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||
| Trade and other payables | 1,097,158 | 1,060,829 | |||||
| EQUITY | |||||||
| Share capital (Note 11) | 81,151,042 | 75,237,977 | |||||
| Reserves (Note 11) | 10,210,168 | 9,947,336 | |||||
| Deficit | (43,470,435) | (37,113,826) | |||||
| 47,890,775 | 48,071,487 | ||||||
| TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | 48,987,933 | 49,132,316 | |||||
| Commitments (Note 17) | |||||||
| These consolidated financial statements are authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on March 28, 2014. | |||||||
| They are signed on the Company's behalf by: | |||||||
| /s/Duane Poliquin | /s/Joseph Montgomery | ||||||
| Director | Director | ||||||
| Consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income | |||||||||||
| (Expressed in Canadian dollars) | |||||||||||
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||
| Interest income | 165,474 | 173,302 | 161,664 | ||||||||
| Other income | 54,958 | 125,865 | 87,048 | ||||||||
| 220,432 | 299,167 | 248,712 | |||||||||
| Expenses (income) | |||||||||||
| Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets | 371,038 | 1,268,856 | 318,847 | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses (Note 21) | 2,154,278 | 2,330,965 | 2,096,097 | ||||||||
| Loss (income) on exploration and evaluation assets (Note 13) | 716,006 | (47,500 | ) | (15,072,485 | ) | ||||||
| General exploration expenses | 707,542 | 969,470 | 961,992 | ||||||||
| Share-based payments | 381,950 | 1,716,250 | 4,930,700 | ||||||||
| 4,330,814 | 6,238,041 | (6,764,849 | ) | ||||||||
| Operating (loss) income | (4,110,382 | ) | (5,938,874 | ) | 7,013,561 | ||||||
| Other (loss) income | |||||||||||
| (Loss) gain on investment in associate (Note 7) | (818,889 | ) | 86,963 | 1,286,740 | |||||||
| Loss on dilution of equity investments (Note 7) | - | - | (122,843 | ) | |||||||
| Impairment of marketable securities (Note 5) | (1,274,743 | ) | (3,856,819 | ) | (987,600 | ) | |||||
| Loss on fair-value of contingent share receivable (Note 8) | (193,500 | ) | (424,500 | ) | - | ||||||
| Gain on sale of marketable securities | 19,509 | 12,275 | 149,069 | ||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of property, plant and equipment | - | 3,051 | (9,374 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign exchange gain (loss) | 21,396 | (120,473 | ) | (54,695 | ) | ||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (6,356,609 | ) | (10,238,377 | ) | 7,274,858 | ||||||
| Income tax recovery (Note 16) | - | - | 20,000 | ||||||||
| Net (loss) income for the year | (6,356,609 | ) | (10,238,377 | ) | 7,294,858 | ||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | |||||||||||
| Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit | |||||||||||
| or loss | |||||||||||
| Net change in fair value of available-for-sale financial | |||||||||||
| assets, net of tax of nil | (84,585 | ) | (2,341,238 | ) | (2,661,274 | ) | |||||
| Reclassification adjustment relating to available-for-sale | |||||||||||
| financial assets included in net (loss) income, | |||||||||||
| net of tax of nil | (5,763 | ) | 4,334,680 | 839,572 | |||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income for the year | (90,348 | ) | 1,993,442 | (1,821,702 | ) | ||||||
| Total comprehensive (loss) income for the year | (6,446,957 | ) | (8,244,935 | ) | 5,473,156 | ||||||
| Basic net (loss) income per share (Note 14) | (0.10 | ) | (0.17 | ) | 0.13 | ||||||
| Diluted net (loss) income per share (Note 14) | (0.10 | ) | (0.17 | ) | 0.12 | ||||||
| Almaden Minerals Ltd. | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated statements of cash flows | ||||||||||||
| (Expressed in Canadian dollars) | ||||||||||||
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income for the year | (6,356,609 | ) | (10,238,377 | ) | 7,294,858 | |||||||
| Items not affecting cash | ||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax recovery | - | - | (20,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss (gain) on investment in associate | 818,889 | (86,963 | ) | (1,286,740 | ) | |||||||
| Loss on dilution of equity investment | - | - | 122,843 | |||||||||
| Depreciation | 303,390 | 325,995 | 271,061 | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of marketable securities | (19,509 | ) | (12,275 | ) | (149,069 | ) | ||||||
| Loss on fair value of contingent share receivable | 193,500 | 424,500 | - | |||||||||
| Impairment of marketable securities | 1,274,743 | 3,856,819 | 987,600 | |||||||||
| Loss (income) on exploration and evaluation assets | 716,006 | (47,500 | ) | (15,067,486 | ) | |||||||
| Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets | 371,038 | 1,268,856 | 318,847 | |||||||||
| Share-based payments | 381,950 | 1,716,250 | 4,930,700 | |||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sale of property, plant and equipment | - | (3,051 | ) | 9,374 | ||||||||
| Changes in non-cash working capital components | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses | 651,833 | (423,223 | ) | (610,006 | ) | |||||||
| Trade and other payables | 36,329 | 495,732 | (213,672 | ) | ||||||||
| Deferred exploration advances payable | - | - | (156,956 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cashed used in operating activities | (1,628,440 | ) | (2,723,237 | ) | (3,568,646 | ) | ||||||
| Investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Reclamation deposit | - | 96,500 | (5,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Short term investment | - | - | 2,000,000 | |||||||||
| Net proceeds from sale of marketable | ||||||||||||
| securities | 22,565 | 4,435,757 | 579,783 | |||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | ||||||||||||
| Purchases | (95,986 | ) | (395,018 | ) | (678,274 | ) | ||||||
| Net proceeds | - | 7,143 | 15,022 | |||||||||
| Assets classified as held for sale | - | - | (182,713 | ) | ||||||||
| Mineral properties | ||||||||||||
| Costs | (8,253,489 | ) | (7,407,896 | ) | (6,197,667 | ) | ||||||
| Net proceeds on disposal | 127,420 | 30,000 | 5,871,380 | |||||||||
| Net cash (used in) from investing activities | (8,199,490 | ) | (3,233,514 | ) | 1,402,531 | |||||||
| Financing activity | ||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares, net of share issue costs | 5,335,295 | 1,260,000 | 7,262,442 | |||||||||
| Net cash from financing activity | 5,335,295 | 1,260,000 | 7,262,442 | |||||||||
| Net cash (outflows) inflows | (4,492,635 | ) | (4,696,751 | ) | 5,096,327 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 16,487,408 | 21,184,159 | 16,087,832 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | 11,994,773 | 16,487,408 | 21,184,159 | |||||||||
| Supplemental cash and cash equivalents information - Note 15 | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated statements of changes in equity | ||||||||
| (Expressed in Canadian dollars) | ||||||||
| Share capital | Reserves | |||||||
| Equity settled | Available-for- | |||||||
| Number of | employee | sale financial | Total | |||||
| shares | Amount | compensation | Warrants | assets | reserves | Deficit | Total | |
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||
| Balance, January 1, 2011 | 55,500,822 | 62,853,930 | 6,152,073 | 888,046 | (29,868) | 7,010,251 | (34,170,307) | 35,693,874 |
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options | 2,030,000 | 4,922,900 | - | - | - | - | - | 4,922,900 |
| Fair value of share options transferred to share capital | ||||||||
| on exercise of options | - | 2,546,300 | (2,546,300) | - | - | (2,546,300) | - | - |
| Share-based payments | - | - | 4,930,700 | - | - | 4,930,700 | - | 4,930,700 |
| Private placements and other | 110,000 | 386,243 | - | - | - | - | - | 386,243 |
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of warrants | 1,481,499 | 1,933,299 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,933,299 |
| Fair value of warrants transferred to share capital | ||||||||
| on exercise of warrants | - | 711,305 | - | (711,305) | - | (711,305) | - | - |
| Total comprehensive (loss) income for the year | - | - | - | - | (1,821,702) | (1,821,702) | 7,294,858 | 5,473,156 |
| Balance, December 31, 2011 | 59,122,321 | 73,353,977 | 8,536,473 | 176,741 | (1,851,570) | 6,861,644 | (26,875,449) | 53,340,172 |
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options | 600,000 | 1,260,000 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,260,000 |
| Fair value of share options transferred to share capital | ||||||||
| on exercise of options | - | 624,000 | (624,000) | - | - | (624,000) | - | - |
| Share-based payments | - | - | 1,716,250 | - | - | 1,716,250 | - | 1,716,250 |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | - | - | 1,993,442 | 1,993,442 | (10,238,377) | (8,244,935) |
| Balance, December 31, 2012 | 59,722,321 | 75,237,977 | 9,628,723 | 176,741 | 141,872 | 9,947,336 | (37,113,826) | 48,071,487 |
| Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options | 220,000 | 223,550 | - | - | - | - | - | 223,550 |
| Fair value of share options transferred to share capital | ||||||||
| on exercise of options | - | 136,650 | (136,650) | - | - | (136,650) | - | - |
| Share-based payments | - | - | 381,950 | - | - | 381,950 | - | 381,950 |
| Private placements and other | 4,386,000 | 5,015,365 | - | - | - | - | - | 5,015,365 |
| Finder's warrant issued pursuant to private placement | - | - | - | 107,880 | - | 107,880 | - | 107,880 |
| Shares issued pursuant to property acquisition agreement | 250,000 | 537,500 | - | - | - | - | - | 537,500 |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (90,348) | (90,348) | (6,356,609) | (6,446,957) |
| Balance, December 31, 2013 | 64,578,321 | 81,151,042 | 9,874,023 | 284,621 | 51,524 | 10,210,168 | (43,470,435) | 47,890,775 |
Almaden Minerals Ltd. (the “Company”"Company" or “Almaden”"Almaden") was formed by amalgamation under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, Canada on February 1, 2002. The Company is an exploration stage public company that is engaged directly in the exploration and development of exploration and evaluation properties in Canada US and Mexico. The address of the Company’sCompany's registered office is Suite 1710 –1177 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6E 2L3.
The Company is in the business of exploring and developing new mineral projects and its principal asset is the Ixtaca precious metals project located on its Tuligtic claim in Mexico. The Company has not yet determined whether these projects arethis project has economically recoverable mineral reserves. The recoverability of amounts shown for mineral properties is dependent upon the establishment of a sufficient quantity of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain the necessary financing or participation of joint venture partners to complete development of the properties and upon future profitable production or proceeds from the disposition of exploration and evaluation assets.
2. Plan of arrangement
On July 31, 2015, the spin-out of Almadex Minerals Limited ("Almadex") became effective as all conditions to the statutory plan of arrangement (the "Plan of Arrangement") were satisfied or waived.
Pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, Almaden's shareholders exchanged their existing common shares of Almaden and received one "new" Almaden common share and 0.6 common shares of Almadex.
The carrying value of the net assets transferred to Almadex, pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement consisted of the following assets and liabilities:
| Assets: | ||||
| Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses | $ | 142,731 | ||
Marketable securities(1) | 357,672 | |||
| Inventory | 274,768 | |||
| Investment in associate | 2,108,408 | |||
| Reclamation deposit | 30,235 | |||
| Contingent share receivable | 47,100 | |||
| Property, plant and equipment | 622,971 | |||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | 2,128,240 | |||
| Total assets | 5,712,125 | |||
| Liabilities: | ||||
| Trade and other payables | (49,748 | ) | ||
| Carrying value of net assets | 5,662,377 | |||
| Fair value of net assets distributed | 8,777,799 | |||
| Gain on transfer of spin-out assets | $ | 3,115,422 | ||
(1)The carrying value of the marketable securities spun out on July 31, 2015, reflects their mark to market fair value less an unrealized gain formerly included in reserves representing the accumulated other comprehensive income on available-for-sale financial assets of $162,812.
8
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
2. Plan of arrangement (Continued)
In accordance with IFRIC 17, Distribution of Non-cash Assets to Owners, the Company recognized the distribution of net assets to Almaden shareholders at fair value with the difference between that value and the carrying amount of the net assets recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.
The Plan of Arrangement resulted in a reduction of share capital amounting to $11,828,963 ($8,777,799 fair value of net assets, $3,000,000 cash paid by Almaden, and $51,164 net contribution from spin-out assets).
The fair value of the net assets distributed was based on the share price of Almadex on August 14, 2015, its first day of trading, of $0.20 per share multiplied by the total number of shares issued, 43,888,992.
Under the terms of the Plan of Arrangement, each issued and outstanding Almaden option and warrant has been adjusted to compensate the option and warrant holders for the assets spun-out. The exercise price paid has been allocated between the Company and Almadex on the same ratio that the fair market value of the spin-out assets has, to the fair market value of the assets of the Company. See Note 12 (c) and (d).
3. Basis of Presentationpresentation
(a) Statement of Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS")
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance and compliance with International Financial Reporting StandardsIFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”("IASB") and interpretations of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee ("IFRIC").
(b) Basis of preparation
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for financial instruments classified as available-for-sale that have been measured at fair value.
These consolidated financial statements, including comparatives, have been prepared on the basis of IFRS standards that are effective as at December 31, 2013.2016.
Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
(c) Functional currency
The presentationfunctional and reporting currency of the Company and the functional currency of the Company and each of its subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar.
9
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
3. Basis of Presentation (Continued)
(d) Significant accounting judgments and estimates
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgements and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual outcomes could differ from these judgements and estimates. The consolidated financial statements include judgements and estimates which, by their nature, are uncertain. The impacts of such judgements and estimates are pervasive throughout the consolidated financial statements, and may require accounting adjustments based on future occurrences. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised and the revision affects both current and future periods.
Significant assumptions about the future and other sources of judgements and estimates that management has made at the statement of financial position date, that could result in a material
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made, relate to, but are not limited to, the following:
Critical Judgments
| o | The analysis of the functional currency for each entity of the |
| o | The determination that the carrying amount of the Tuligtic Project will be recovered through use rather than sale (Notes 11 and 17). |
Estimates
| o |
| o |
| o |
| o |
10
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
3. Basis of Presentation (Continued)
(d) Significant accounting judgments and estimates (continued)
Estimates(continued)
| o | The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options and warrants in order to calculate share-based payments expense and the fair value of finders' warrants and stock options. Certain inputs into the model are estimates that involve considerable judgment and are or could be affected by significant factors that are out of the Company's control; |
| o |
| o |
4. Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of consolidation
| Jurisdiction | Nature of operations | |||
| Puebla Holdings Inc. | Canada | holding company | ||
| Minera Gorrion, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company | ||
(i) | Almaden America Inc. | USA | exploration company | |
| (i) | Republic Resources Ltd. | Canada | service company | |
| Ixtaca Precious Metals Inc. | Canada | holding company | ||
| (i) | Pangeon Holdings Ltd. | Canada | holding company | |
| (i) | Almaden de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company | |
| (i) | Minera Gavilan, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company | |
(i) | Compania Minera Zapata, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | exploration company | |
| (i) | Minera Alondra, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | holding company |
(i) Included in consolidation until July 31, 2015 due to the Plan of Arrangement (Note 2).
Investments where the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for using the equity method. Under this method, the Company’sCompany's share of the investee’s earningsinvestee's profit or lossesloss is included in operationsprofit or loss and its investments therein are adjusted by a like amount. Dividends received from these investments are credited to the investment. The Company’sCompany's former 38.8% interest in Gold Mountain isMining Corporation was accounted for using the equity method.method until the Plan of Arrangement.
11
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
4. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Inter-company balances and transactions, including unrealisedunrealized income and expenses arising from inter-company transactions, are eliminated in preparing thethese consolidated financial statements. UnrealisedUnrealized gains arising from transactions with equity accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Company’sCompany's interest in the investee. UnrealisedUnrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealisedunrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.
(b) Foreign currencies
Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on dates of transactions. At each financial position reporting date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date of the statement of financial position. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.
(c) Financial instruments
Financial assets
The Company classifies its financial assets into one of the following categories, depending on the purpose for which the asset was acquired. The Company's accounting policy for each category is as follows:
Fair value through profit or loss - This category comprises derivatives including contingent shares receivable, or assets acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing it in the near term. They are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income (loss).profit or loss.
Loans and receivables - These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are carried at cost less any provision for impairment. Individually significant receivables are considered for impairment when they are past due or when other objective evidence is received that a specific counterparty will default. The Company classifies its cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable as “loans"loans and receivables”receivables".
Held-to-maturity investments - These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities that the Company's management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. These assets are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. If there is objective evidence that the investment is impaired, determined by reference to external credit ratings and other relevant indicators, the financial asset is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows. Any changes to the carrying amount of the investment, including impairment losses, are recognized in net income (loss).profit or loss.
12
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
4. Available-for-saleSignificant Accounting Policies (Continued)
(c) Financial instruments (continued)
Available for sale - Non-derivative financial assets not included in the above categories and which include marketable securities are classified as available-for-available for sale. They are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized directly in other comprehensive income and equity. Where a decline in the fair value of an available-for-saleavailable for sale financial asset constitutes objective evidence of significant or prolonged decline in value, the amount of the loss is removed from equity and recognized in net income (loss).
profit or loss.
All financial assets except for those at fair value through profit or loss are subject to review for impairment at least at each reporting date. Financial assets are impaired when there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Different criteria to determine impairment are applied for each category of financial assets, which are described above.
Financial liabilities
The Company classifies its financial liabilities into one of two categories, depending on the purpose for whichof the asset was acquired.liability. The Company's accounting policy for each category is as follows:
Fair value through profit or loss - This category comprises derivatives, or liabilities acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing it in the near term. They are carried in the statements of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income (loss).profit or loss.
Other financial liabilities - This category includes promissory notes, amounts due to related parties and trade and other payables, all of which are recognized at amortized cost.
(d) Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments
Cash equivalents include money market instruments which are readily convertible into cash or have maturities at the date of purchase of less than ninety days. Short-term investments include money market instruments with terms to maturity exceeding ninety days.
(e) Inventory
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and are depreciated annually on a declining-balance basis at the following rates:
| Automotive equipment | 30% |
| Furniture, fixtures and | 20% |
| Computer hardware and software | 30% |
| Geological library | 20% |
| Field equipment | 20% |
| Drill equipment | 20% |
13
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
The Company is in the exploration stage with respect to its investment in exploration and evaluation assets and accordingly follows the practice of capitalizing all costs relating to the acquisition of, exploration for and development of mineral claims to which the Company has rights and crediting all proceeds received forfrom farm-out arrangements or recovery of costs against the cost of the related claims. SuchAcquisition costs include, but are not exclusive to land surface rights acquired. Deferred exploration costs include, but are not exclusive to geological, geophysical studies, annual mining taxes, exploratory drilling and sampling. At such time as commercial production commences, these costs will be charged to operationsprofit or loss on a unit-of-production method based on proven and probable reserves. The aggregate costs related to abandoned mineral claims are charged to operationsprofit or loss at the time of any abandonment or when it has been determined that there is evidence of an impairment.
The Company considers the following facts and circumstances in determining if it should test exploration and evaluation assets for impairment:
| (ii) | substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the specific area is neither budgeted nor planned; |
| (iii) | exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the specific area have not led to the discovery of commercially viable quantities of mineral resources and the entity has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area; and |
| (iv) | sufficient data exists to indicate that, although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration and evaluation assets is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. |
An impairment charge relating to a mineral propertyexploration and evaluation asset is subsequently reversed when new exploration results or actual or potential proceeds on sale or farm-out of the property result in a revised estimate of the recoverable amount but only to the extent that this does not exceed the original carrying value of the property that would have resulted if no impairment had been recognized. General exploration costs in areas of interest in which the Company has not secured rights are expensed as incurred.
The recoverability of amounts shown for exploration and evaluation assets is dependent upon the discovery of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain financing to complete development of the properties, and on future production or proceeds of disposition.
The Company recognizes in incomeprofit or loss costs recovered on exploration and evaluation assets when amounts received or receivable are in excess of the carrying amount.
14
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
4. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
(f) Exploration and evaluation assets (continued)
Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in an area of interest are demonstrable, exploration and evaluation assets attributable to that area of interest are first tested for impairment and then reclassified to mining property and development assets within property, plant and equipment.
All capitalized exploration and evaluation expenditure isexpenditures are monitored for indications of impairment.
Where a potential impairment is indicated, assessments are performed for each area of interest. To the extent that exploration expenditure is not expected to be recovered, it is charged to the results of operations.profit or loss. Exploration areas where reserves have been discovered, but require major capital expenditure before production can begin, are continually evaluated to ensure that commercial quantities of reserves exist or to ensure that additional exploration work is underway as planned.
Property, plant and equipment and finite life intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or if there is any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any such indication is present, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine whether impairment exists. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Any intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.
An asset’sasset's recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sellof disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value, using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount. Impairment is recognized immediately as additional depreciation.amount by way of recording an impairment charge to profit or loss. Where an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying amount is increased to the revised estimate of recoverable amount but only to the extent that this does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined if no impairment had previously been recognized. A reversal
15
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
4. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
(h) Income taxes
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
Current tax is recognized as a reduction in the depreciation chargeexpected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the period.
Deferred tax is recorded using the liability method, recognized onin respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidatedfor financial statementsreporting purposes and the corresponding tax basesamounts used in the computation of taxable profit.for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets areis not recognized for all deductiblethe following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss, and differences unused tax lossesrelating to investments in subsidiaries and other income tax deductionsjointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.
A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differencesthey can be utilized. The carrying amount of deferredDeferred tax assets isare reviewed at the end of each reporting perioddate and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profitsthe related tax benefit will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if temporary differences arise from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither taxable profit nor the accounting profit.realized.
The Company's stock option plan allows Company grants stock optionsemployees, directors, officers and consultants to buy commonacquire shares of the Company to directors, officers, employees and consultants. The board of directors grants such option for periods of up to five years, with vesting periods determined at the sole discretion of the board and at prices equal to the volume weighted average price for the five days immediately preceding the date the options were granted.
Company. The fair value of the options is measured at the date the options are granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and is recognized over the period that the employees earn the options. The fair value is recognized as anshare-based payment expense with a corresponding increase in equity settledreserves. An individual is classified as an employee compensation reserve.when the individual is an employee for legal or tax purposes (direct employee) or provides services similar to those performed by a direct employee.
Fair value is measured at grant date, and each tranche is recognized using the graded vesting method over the period during which the options vest. The fair value of the options granted is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the options were granted. At each financial position reporting date, the amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of sharestock options that are expected to vest. In situations where equity instruments are issued to consultants and some or all of the goods or services received by the entity as consideration cannot be specifically identified, they are measured at the fair value of the share-based payment. Otherwise, share-based payments are measured at the fair value of goods or services received.
16
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
4. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants are recorded as share capital in the amount for which the option or warrant enabled the holder to purchase a share in the Company, in addition to the proportionate amount of reserves originally created at the issuance of the stock options or warrants. Share capital issued for non-monetary consideration is valued at the closing market price at the date of issuance. The proceeds from the issuance of units are allocated between common shares and common share purchase warrants based on the residual value method. Under this method, the proceeds are allocated to common shares based on the fair value of a common share at the announcement date of the unit offering and any residual remaining is allocated to common share purchase warrants.
The Company has $12,500 (2012 - $12,500)amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of reclamation deposits held with the Ministryconsideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation and discount rates. Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of Mines should any other reclamationthose cash flows discounted for the market discount rate.
Over time the discounted liability is increased for the changes in the present value based on the current market discount rates and closure cost obligations ariseliability risks. When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from its obligations to undertake site reclamationa third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and remediation in connection with its operating activities in British Columbia and $20,764 (2012 - $20,764) of reclamation deposits held with the State of Nevada should any asset retirement obligation arise from its obligations to undertake site reclamation and remediation in connection with its operating activities in Nevada.amount receivable can be measured reliably.
When the Company enters into an option agreement on its exploration and evaluations assets, as part of the option agreement, responsibility for any reclamation and remediation becomes the responsibility of the optionee.
The Company presents the basic and diluted net (loss) incomeloss per share data for its common shares, calculated by dividing the loss attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net (loss) incomeloss per share is determined by adjusting the net (loss) incomeloss attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares.shares (Note 15).
17
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
4. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
The Company has evaluatedapplied the following newamendments to IFRSs included in the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2010-2012 Cycle and revised IFRS standards and has determined there to be no material2011-2013 Cycle which were effective for annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2014. The amendments did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company has not early adopted any other amendment, standard or interpretation that has been issued by the IASB but is not yet effective.
The following new accounting standards and amendments which the Company adopted and are effective for the Company's interim and annual consolidated financial statements upon adoption:commencing January 1, 2016:
Certain pronouncements were issued by the IASB or the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”)IFRIC but are not yet effective as at December 31, 2013.2016. The Company intends to adopt these standards and interpretations when they become effective. The Company does not expect these standards to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements. Pronouncements that are not applicable to the Company have been excluded from those described below.
The following are the accounting standards or amendments areissued but not yet effective.
Revenue recognition
IFRS 15 - In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("IFRS 15") which supersedes IAS 11 – Construction Contracts; IAS 18 – Revenue; IFRIC 13 – Customer Loyalty Programmes; IFRIC 15 – Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate; IFRIC 18 – Transfers of Assets from Customers; and SIC 31 – Revenue – Barter Transactions involving Advertising Services. IFRS 15 establishes a single five-step model framework for determining the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014.2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently considering the impact, if any, of the standard on its future consolidated financial statements.
Financial instruments
IFRS 9 - Levies
18
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
4. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Leases
IFRS 16 - In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 – Leases ("IFRS 16") which replaces IAS 17 – Leases and its associated interpretative guidance. IFRS 16 applies a control model to the identification of leases, distinguishing between a lease and a service contract on the basis of whether the customer controls the asset being leased. For those assets determined to meet the definition of a lease, IFRS 16 introduces significant changes to the accounting by lessees, introducing a single, on-balance sheet accounting model that is similar to current finance lease accounting, with limited exceptions for short-term leases or leases of low value assets. Lessor accounting remains similar to current accounting practice. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early application permitted for entities that apply IFRS 15. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the final standard is expected to have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently considering the impact, if any, of the standard on its future consolidated financial statements.
The Company has not early adopted these new and amended standards and is currently assessing the impact that these standards will have on the consolidated financial statements.
5. Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses
Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses consist of the following:
| December 31, | December 31, | ||
| 2013 | 2012 | ||
| Accounts receivable | $ 346,492 | $ 984,399 | |
| Excise tax receivable | 39,538 | 114,204 | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | (79,485) | (79,485) | |
| Prepaid expenses | 138,577 | 552,511 | |
| $ 445,122 | $ 1,571,629 |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable (Note 13(b)) | $ | 248,379 | $ | 235,983 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses | 132,519 | 147,481 | ||||||
| $ | 380,898 | $ | 383,464 | |||||
At December 31, 2013,2016, the Company has recorded value added taxes of $944,897$248,142 (2015 - $159,689) included in exploration and evaluation assets as the value added tax relates to certain projects and will be recovered when the assets are sold.sold (Note 11).
These assets were transferred to Almadex as detailed in the Plan of Arrangement on July 31, 2015 (Note 2).
19
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
7. Investment in associateAssociate
Gold Mountain Mining Corporation ("Gold Mountain")
Almaden is accountingaccounted for this investment using the equity method as the Company hashad determined that significant influence exists.existed. Almaden hashad recorded its equity share of Gold Mountain’s (loss) gainMountain's loss during the year ended December 31, 20132015 in the amount of $(818,889) (2012 – $86,963; 2011 – $1,286,740)$95,892 (2014 - $135,209). The fair value of the investment at December 31, 2013 is $2,407,500 (2012 - $8,025,000).
During the year ended December 31, 2013,2015, the Company charged Gold Mountain $Nil (2012wrote down its investment in associate to its fair value and recorded impairment charges of $470,700 (2014 - $352,674)$6,637,288) as the decline in value was considered significant and prolonged. The investment in associate was transferred to Almadex as detailed in the Plan of Arrangement on July 31, 2015 (Note 2).
The continuity of the Company's investment in associate for expenditures relating to the Elk projectyears ended December 31, 2015 and IP services undertaken on behalf of Gold Mountain. These amounts were valued at the exchange amount agreed to by the parties. 2014 is as follows:
| 2015 | 2014 | |||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 2,675,000 | $ | 9,447,497 | ||||
| Company's share of net loss | (95,892 | ) | (135,209 | ) | ||||
| Impairment | (470,700 | ) | (6,637,288 | ) | ||||
| Transfer to Almadex | (2,108,408 | ) | - | |||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | - | $ | 2,675,000 | ||||
The following table summarizes the financial information of Gold Mountain for its year ended December 31, 20132015 and 2012:2014:
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
| Current assets | $ | 2,606,837 | $ | 5,867,820 | ||||
| Non-current assets | $ | 28,529,408 | $ | 27,933,461 | ||||
| Current liabilities | $ | 51,923 | $ | 2,375,476 | ||||
| Non-current liabilities | $ | 1,694,901 | $ | 1,694,901 | ||||
| Revenue | $ | 51,141 | $ | 108,918 | ||||
| Loss | $ | 341,483 | $ | 2,024,678 | ||||
| 2015 | 2014 | |||||||
| Current assets | $ | - | $ | 3,085,070 | ||||
| Non-current assets | $ | - | $ | 27,661,031 | ||||
| Current liabilities | $ | - | $ | 40,827 | ||||
| Non-current liabilities | $ | - | $ | 1,664,608 | ||||
| Revenue | $ | - | $ | 9,953 | ||||
| Loss | $ | - | $ | 379,047 | ||||
8. Contingent shares receivable
Shares Receivable(a) As part of the Asset Sale Agreement with Gold Mountain Almaden received an additional 2 million common shares held in escrow subject to the following conditions:Mining Corporation
(b) Goldgroup Mining Inc.
The Company formerly held contingent shares as atreceivable in Goldgroup Mining Inc. During the year ended December 31, , 2013 and2015, a loss on fair value adjustment of $76,500 (2012$22,500 (2014 - $54,000)$23,400) was recorded. This asset was transferred to Almadex as detailed in the statementsPlan of comprehensive (loss) income duringArrangement on July 31, 2015 (Note 2).
20
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
9. Deposit on mill equipment
On October 19, 2015, the Company entered into a Mill Purchase Option Agreement to acquire the Rock Creek mill. Pursuant to the agreement, Almaden has the exclusive right and option to purchase the mill for total cash payments of US$6,500,000, plus the issuance of 407,997 common shares (issued with a fair value of $273,358), subject to adjustment in certain circumstances (the "Option").
In order to exercise the Option, Almaden must make option payments according to the following schedule:
| Date | Payment Status | USD | CAD | ||||||
| October 21, 2015 | Cash paid | $ | 250,000 | $ | 346,000 | ||||
| November 25, 2015 | 407,997 shares issued | 273,358 | |||||||
| December 29, 2015 | Cash paid | 250,000 | 346,000 | ||||||
| December 31, 2015 | 965,358 | ||||||||
| March 17, 2016 | Cash paid | 250,000 | 324,600 | ||||||
Unrealized foreign exchange loss on deposit on mill equipment | (9,575 | ) | |||||||
| December 31, 2016 | $ | 1,280,383 | |||||||
| On or before June 15, 2017 | Outstanding | $ | 2,000,000 | $ | 2,685,400 | ||||
| On or before June 15, 2018 | Outstanding | $ | 3,750,000 | $ | 5,035,125 | ||||
The payments are not refundable upon termination of the option.
21
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
10. Property, plant and equipment
Automotive equipment | Furniture and fixtures and other | Computer hardware | Computer software | Geological library | Field equipment | Total | ||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Cost | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2015 | 174,462 | 135,064 | 218,166 | 176,010 | 51,760 | 245,647 | 1,001,109 | |||||||
| Additions | - | - | 13,285 | 9,253 | - | - | 22,538 | |||||||
| Disposals | (27,893) | - | - | - | - | - | (27,893) | |||||||
| December 31, 2016 | 146,569 | 135,064 | 231,451 | 185,263 | 51,760 | 245,647 | 995,754 | |||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2015 | 167,604 | 130,695 | 198,221 | 144,943 | 48,018 | 205,890 | 895,371 | |||||||
| Disposals | (23,908) | - | - | - | - | - | (23,908) | |||||||
| Depreciation | 863 | 874 | 6,521 | 10,081 | 748 | 7,952 | 27,039 | |||||||
| December 31, 2016 | 144,559 | 131,569 | 204,742 | 155,024 | 48,766 | 213,842 | 898,502 | |||||||
| Carrying amounts | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2015 | 6,858 | 4,369 | 19,945 | 31,067 | 3,742 | 39,757 | 105,738 | |||||||
| December 31, 2016 | 2,010 | 3,495 | 26,709 | 30,239 | 2,994 | 31,805 | 97,252 | |||||||
During the year ended December 31, 2013.
22
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
10. Property, plant and equipment
Automotive equipment | Furniture, fixtures and other | Computer hardware | Computer software | Geological library | Field equipment | Drill equipment | Total | |||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cost | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2014 | 541,260 | 166,376 | 343,129 | 215,325 | 65,106 | 461,498 | 1,534,988 | 3,327,682 | ||||||||
| Additions | - | 1,329 | 1,187 | - | - | - | - | 2,516 | ||||||||
| Disposal | - | (32,642) | (126,150) | (39,315) | - | (59,479) | - | (257,586) | ||||||||
| December 31, 2015 | 541,260 | 135,063 | 218,166 | 176,010 | 65,106 | 402,019 | 1,534,988 | 3,072,612 | ||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2014 | 455,039 | 157,273 | 302,583 | 167,320 | 60,202 | 339,880 | 965,014 | 2,447,311 | ||||||||
| Disposal | - | (28,532) | (116,703) | (36,778) | - | (52,881) | - | (234,894) | ||||||||
| Depreciation | 16,314 | 1,953 | 12,341 | 14,401 | 962 | 19,018 | 66,497 | 131,486 | ||||||||
| December 31, 2015 | 471,353 | 130,694 | 198,221 | 144,943 | 61,164 | 306,017 | 1,031,511 | 2,343,903 | ||||||||
| Transfer to Almadex as per plan of arrangement July 31, 2015 | (63,049) | - | - | - | (200) | (56,245) | (503,477) | (622,971) | ||||||||
| Carrying amounts | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2014 | 86,221 | 9,103 | 40,546 | 48,005 | 4,904 | 121,618 | 569,974 | 880,371 | ||||||||
| December 31, 2015 | 6,858 | 4,369 | 19,945 | 31,067 | 3,742 | 39,757 | - | 105,738 | ||||||||
During the year ended December 31, 2013.
2015, the Company disposed property, plant and equipment for $Nil proceeds and recorded a loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment of $22,692 in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.
23
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
11. Exploration and evaluation assets
| Tuligtic | Other Property | Total | ||||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Acquisition costs: Opening balance - (December 31, 2015) | 3,202,134 | 1 | 3,202,135 | |||||||||
| Additions | 1,578,436 | - | 1,578,436 | |||||||||
| Closing balance - (December 31, 2016) | 4,780,570 | 1 | 4,780,571 | |||||||||
Deferred exploration costs: | ||||||||||||
| Opening balance - (December 31, 2015) | 27,335,875 | - | 27,335,875 | |||||||||
| Costs incurred during the period | ||||||||||||
| Drilling and related costs | 666,210 | - | 666,210 | |||||||||
| Professional/technical fees | 139,916 | - | 139,916 | |||||||||
| Claim maintenance/lease costs | 138,901 | - | 138,901 | |||||||||
| Geochemical, metallurgy | 611,344 | - | 611,344 | |||||||||
| Technical studies | 1,048,807 | - | 1,048,807 | |||||||||
| Travel and accommodation | 273,178 | - | 273,178 | |||||||||
| Geology, geophysics and exploration | 489,919 | - | 489,919 | |||||||||
| Supplies and misc. | 31,636 | - | 31,636 | |||||||||
| Water exploration | 97,232 | - | 97,232 | |||||||||
| Reclamation, environmental | 123,625 | - | 123,625 | |||||||||
Value-added tax (Note 5) | 248,142 | - | 248,142 | |||||||||
| Total deferred exploration costs during the period | 3,868,910 | - | 3,868,910 | |||||||||
| Closing balance - (December 31, 2016) | 31,204,785 | - | 31,204,785 | |||||||||
| Total exploration and evaluation assets | 35,985,355 | 1 | 35,985,356 | |||||||||
| Dates | Payments (MXN) | CAD | Payment Status | ||||||
| November 28, 2016 | $ | 10,000,000 | $ | 651,200 | Paid | ||||
| November 28, 2018 | $ | 15,000,000 | $ | 976,500 | Outstanding | ||||
Automotive equipment | Furniture and fixtures | Computer hardware | Computer software | Geological library | Field equipment | Leasehold improvements | Drill equipment | Total | |
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |
| Cost | |||||||||
December 31, 2012 | 532,095 | 139,195 | 326,995 | 204,417 | 65,106 | 420,402 | 27,181 | 1,493,365 | 3,208,756 |
| Additions | 9,165 | - | 3,095 | 10,395 | - | 31,708 | - | 41,623 | 95,986 |
| Disposals | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
December 31, 2013 | 541,260 | 139,195 | 330,090 | 214,812 | 65,106 | 452,110 | 27,181 | 1,534,988 | 3,304,742 |
| Accumulated depreciation | |||||||||
December 31, 2012 | 367,264 | 124,971 | 270,627 | 119,960 | 57,444 | 281,227 | 27,181 | 649,608 | 1,898,282 |
| Disposals | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Depreciation | 50,824 | 2,845 | 17,374 | 26,896 | 1,532 | 31,006 | - | 172,913 | 303,390 |
December 31, 2013 | 418,088 | 127,816 | 288,001 | 146,856 | 58,976 | 312,233 | 27,181 | 822,521 | 2,201,672 |
Carrying amounts | |||||||||
December 31, 2012 | 164,831 | 14,224 | 56,368 | 84,457 | 7,662 | 139,175 | - | 843,757 | 1,310,474 |
December 31, 2013 | 123,172 | 11,379 | 42,089 | 67,956 | 6,130 | 139,877 | - | 712,467 | 1,103,070 |
Payments are not refundable upon termination of the option agreement.
24
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
Automotive equipment | Furniture and fixtures | Computer hardware | Computer software | Geological library | Field equipment | Leasehold improvements | Drill equipment | Total | |
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |
| Cost | |||||||||
December 31, 2011 | 553,318 | 139,195 | 316,495 | 160,053 | 65,106 | 380,532 | 27,181 | 1,214,680 | 2,856,560 |
| Additions | 21,599 | - | 10,500 | 44,364 | - | 39,870 | - | 278,685 | 395,018 |
| Disposals | (42,822) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (42,822) |
December 31, 2012 | 532,095 | 139,195 | 326,995 | 204,417 | 65,106 | 420,402 | 27,181 | 1,493,365 | 3,208,756 |
| Accumulated depreciation | |||||||||
December 31, 2011 | 339,981 | 121,415 | 248,719 | 93,271 | 55,529 | 251,417 | 27,181 | 473,504 | 1,611,017 |
| Disposals | (38,730) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (38,730) |
| Depreciation | 66,013 | 3,556 | 21,908 | 26,689 | 1,915 | 29,810 | - | 176,104 | 325,995 |
December 31, 2012 | 367,264 | 124,971 | 270,627 | 119,960 | 57,444 | 281,227 | 27,181 | 649,608 | 1,898,282 |
Carrying amounts | |||||||||
December 31, 2011 | 213,337 | 17,780 | 67,776 | 66,782 | 9,577 | 129,115 | - | 741,176 | 1,245,543 |
December 31, 2012 | 164,831 | 14,224 | 56,368 | 84,457 | 7,662 | 139,175 | - | 843,757 | 1,310,474 |
| Tuligtic | El Cobre | ATW | Willow | BP | Other Properties | Total | ||
Exploration and evaluation assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |
Acquisition costs Opening balance (December 31, 2012) | 231,059 | 45,599 | 46,451 | 148,254 | 110,047 | 95,061 | 676,471 | |
| Additions | 1,001,706 | 1,662 | - | - | - | 513,264 | 1,516,632 | |
| Proceeds from options | - | - | - | - | - | (317,420) | (317,420) | |
Proceeds received from options on exploration and evaluation assets in excess (deficiency) of cost- reclassified to income (loss) | - | - | - | - | (110,047) | (277,849) | (387,896) | |
Impairment of deferred acquisition costs | - | - | - | - | - | (11) | (11) | |
Closing balance (December 31, 2013) | 1,232,765 | 47,261 | 46,451 | 148,254 | - | 13,045 | 1,487,776 | |
Deferred exploration costs | ||||||||
Opening balance (December 31, 2012) | 12,331,526 | 1,107,394 | 1,407,365 | 677,626 | 169,430 | 239,638 | 15,932,979 | |
| Costs incurred during the year | ||||||||
| Drilling and related costs | 2,052,023 | 87,882 | - | - | - | - | 2,139,905 | |
| Professional/technical fees | 738,760 | 25,584 | - | 1,597 | 49 | 65,231 | 831,221 | |
| Claim maintenance/lease costs | 229,926 | 49,318 | 15,550 | 21,465 | - | 403,709 | 719,968 | |
| Geochemical, metallurgy | 1,478,443 | 30,585 | - | - | - | 37,452 | 1,546,480 | |
| Travel and accommodation | 305,115 | 1,609 | - | - | - | 3,187 | 309,911 | |
| Geology, exploration | 841,065 | 4,740 | 531 | - | - | 153,701 | 1,000,037 | |
| Supplies and misc. | 34,632 | - | 84 | - | - | 9,349 | 44,065 | |
| Geophysical, geosciences | 61,933 | - | - | - | - | - | 61,933 | |
| Reclamation, environmental | 39,983 | 8,114 | - | - | - | 1,745 | 49,842 | |
| Water exploration | 129,228 | - | - | - | - | - | 129,228 | |
| Value-added tax | 889,100 | - | - | - | - | 55,797 | 944,897 | |
| Recoveries | - | - | - | - | - | (16,956) | (16,956) | |
| Proceeds from options | - | - | - | - | (22,000) | (13,000) | (35,000) | |
| Proceeds received from options on exploration and evaluation assets in excess (deficiency) of cost- reclassified to income (loss) | - | - | - | - | (147,479) | (180,631) | (328,110) | |
Impairment of deferred exploration costs | - | - | - | - | - | (371,027) | (371,027) | |
6,800,208 | 207,832 | 16,165 | 23,062 | (169,430) | 148,557 | 7,026,394 | ||
Closing balance (December 31, 2013) | 19,131,734 | 1,315,226 | 1,423,530 | 700,688 | - | 388,195 | 22,959,373 | |
Total exploration and evaluation assets | 20,364,499 | 1,362,487 | 1,469,981 | 848,942 | - | 401,240 | 24,447,149 |
| Tuligtic | El Cobre | Other Properties | Total | |||||||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Acquisition costs: Opening balance - (December 31, 2014) | 2,370,679 | 47,261 | 13,046 | 2,430,986 | ||||||||||||
| Additions | 831,455 | - | 119 | 831,574 | ||||||||||||
| Closing balance - (December 31, 2015) | 3,202,134 | 47,261 | 13,165 | 3,262,560 | ||||||||||||
Deferred exploration costs: | ||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance - (December 31, 2014) | 24,287,724 | 1,456,727 | 469,321 | 26,213,772 | ||||||||||||
| Costs incurred during the period | ||||||||||||||||
| Drilling and related costs | 327,084 | 29,121 | 6,145 | 362,350 | ||||||||||||
| Professional/technical fees | 249,614 | 13,111 | 17,352 | 280,077 | ||||||||||||
| Claim maintenance/lease costs | 206,441 | 78,316 | 98,738 | 383,495 | ||||||||||||
| Geochemical, metallurgy | 604,653 | 19,882 | - | 624,535 | ||||||||||||
| Technical studies | 487,288 | 4,016 | - | 491,304 | ||||||||||||
| Travel and accommodation | 254,072 | - | - | 254,072 | ||||||||||||
| Geology, geophysics and exploration | 405,352 | 5,418 | 170 | 410,940 | ||||||||||||
| Supplies and misc. | 19,608 | - | - | 19,608 | ||||||||||||
| Reclamation, environmental | 119,673 | - | - | 119,673 | ||||||||||||
Value-added tax (Note 5) | 190,197 | - | (30,508 | ) | 159,689 | |||||||||||
| Recovery of exploration cost | - | - | (2,950 | ) | (2,950 | ) | ||||||||||
Contribution from spin out assets(1) | 184,169 | - | - | 184,169 | ||||||||||||
| Impairment of deferred exploration costs | - | - | (97,044 | ) | (97,044 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total deferred exploration costs during the period | 3,048,151 | 149,864 | (8,097 | ) | 3,189,918 | |||||||||||
| Closing balance - (December 31, 2015) | 27,335,875 | 1,606,591 | 461,224 | 29,403,690 | ||||||||||||
| Less amount transferred to Almadex as per Plan of Arrangement July 31, 2015 | - | (1,653,852 | ) | (474,388 | ) | (2,128,240 | ) | |||||||||
| Total exploration and evaluation assets | 30,538,009 | - | 1 | 30,538,010 | ||||||||||||
| Tuligtic | El Cobre | ATW | Willow | BP | Other Properties | Total | ||
Exploration and evaluation assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |
Acquisition costs Opening balance (December 31, 2011) | 231,059 | 45,599 | 46,451 | 148,254 | 110,047 | 435,315 | 1,016,725 | |
| Additions | - | - | - | - | - | 19,463 | 19,463 | |
| Proceeds from options | - | - | - | - | - | (47,500) | (47,500) | |
Proceeds received from options on exploration and evaluation assets in excess of cost-reclassified to income | - | - | - | - | - | 47,500 | 47,500 | |
Impairment of deferred acquisition costs | - | - | - | - | - | (359,717) | (359,717) | |
Closing balance (December 31, 2012) | 231,059 | 45,599 | 46,451 | 148,254 | 110,047 | 95,061 | 676,471 | |
Deferred exploration costs | ||||||||
Opening balance (December 31, 2011) | 6,012,795 | 742,292 | 1,390,111 | 629,914 | 134,736 | 543,837 | 9,453,685 | |
| Costs incurred during the year | ||||||||
| Drilling and related costs | 2,843,049 | - | - | - | - | - | 2,843,049 | |
| Professional/technical fees | 504,480 | 14,562 | - | 8,961 | - | 68,540 | 596,543 | |
| Claim maintenance/lease cost | 257,218 | 29,069 | 15,551 | 22,032 | 34,694 | 314,272 | 672,836 | |
| Geochemical, metallurgy | 2,302,880 | 23,398 | - | - | - | 71,587 | 2,397,865 | |
| Travel and accommodation | 141,536 | 6,703 | - | - | - | 46,814 | 195,053 | |
| Geology, exploration | 168,391 | 135,301 | 1,633 | 16,719 | - | 59,081 | 381,125 | |
| Supplies and misc. | 54,726 | 1,370 | 70 | - | - | 7,803 | 63,969 | |
| Geophysical, geosciences | 9,978 | 142,500 | - | - | - | 67,205 | 219,683 | |
| Reclamation, environmental | 36,473 | 12,199 | - | - | - | 1,762 | 50,434 | |
| Recoveries | - | - | - | - | - | (32,124) | (32,124) | |
Impairment of deferred exploration costs | - | - | - | - | - | (909,139) | (909,139) | |
6,318,731 | 365,102 | 17,254 | 47,712 | 34,694 | (304,199) | 6,479,294 | ||
Closing balance (December 31, 2012) | 12,331,526 | 1,107,394 | 1,407,365 | 677,626 | 169,430 | 239,638 | 15,932,979 | |
Total exploration and evaluation assets | 12,562,585 | 1,152,993 | 1,453,816 | 825,880 | 279,477 | 334,699 | 16,609,450 |
(1) | Contribution from spin-out assets relates to historical equipment rental fees paid by the Company that were previously eliminated due to an intercompany relationship which is now a third party relationship. |
25
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Expressed in Canadian dollars
11. Exploration and evaluation assets (Continued)
The following is a description of the Company’sCompany's most significant property interestinterests and related spending commitments:
| (a) Tuligtic |
In 2001, the Company acquired by staking a 100% interest in the Tuligtic property in Puebla, Mexico. The property contains the Ixtaca Zone.
(b) El Cobre
The Company hasholds a net 66.2% interest in this diamond property in the Northwest Territories, Canada through its ownership of shares in ATW Resources Ltd. which holds the mineral claim.
| (a) Authorized share capital |
At December 31, 2013,2016, the authorized share capital comprised an unlimited number of common shares. The common shares do not have a par value. All issued shares are fully paid.
On May 25, 2016, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement by the issuance of 3,229,082 units at a price of $1.35 per unit for gross proceeds to the Company of $4,359,260. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one non-transferable common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $2.00 per share until November 25, 2018. Share issue costs included a finder's fee of $147,925 in cash, and finders' warrants to purchase up to 45,944 common shares at a price of $1.44 per common share until November 25, 2018. The fair value of the finders' warrants was $17,918. In connection with the private placement, the Company also incurred $119,689 in share issue costs. These amounts were recorded as reduction to share capital. The proceeds of the private placement were allocated entirely to share capital.
On November 28, 2013,25, 2015, the Company issued 10,000407,997 common shares at a deemedfair value of $1.15$0.67 per share as a payment for the Mill Purchase Option Agreement (Note 9).
26
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to modify the Caballo Blanco royalty agreement.consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
12. Share capital and reserves (Continued)
(b)Details of private placement and other issues of common shares in 2016, 2015 and 2014 (continued)
On JulyNovember 17, 20132015, the Company completedclosed a non-brokered private placement by the issuance of 4,376,0004,506,666 units at a price of $0.75 per unit for gross proceeds to the Company of $3,380,000. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one non-transferable common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $1.00 per share until November 17, 2017. A finder's fee of $73,550 in cash and finder's warrants to purchase up to 35,200 common shares at a price of $0.77 per common share until November 17, 2017 was paid on a portion of the placement. The fair value of the finders' warrants was $5,984. In connection with the private placement, the Company also incurred $43,075 share issue costs. $3,199,733 of the proceeds from the private placement was allocated to share capital, and $180,267 to the warrants under the residual value method.
On February 11, 2015, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement by the issuance of 4,420,000 units at a price of $1.25 per unit for gross proceeds to the Company of $5,470,000 less share issue costs of $458,996.$5,525,000. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one non-transferable common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $1.50$2.00 per common share until January 17, 2015 and, thereafter, at a price of $1.80 per common share until July 17,February 11, 2016. The proceeds of the private placement was allocated to share capital and nil value to the warrants under the residual value method.
A finder’sfinder's fee of $232,500$212,626 in cash and finder’sfinder's warrants to purchase up to 186,00049,410 common shares at a price of $1.50$1.28 per common share until July 17,February 11, 2016 was paid on a portion of the placement. The fair value of the finder’sfinders' warrants was $13,341. In connection with the private placement, the Company also incurred $146,796 share issue costs. The proceeds of $107,880the private placement were allocated entirely to share capital.
On August 1, 2014, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement by the issuance of 4,000,000 units at a price of $1.50 per unit for gross proceeds to the Company of $6,000,000 less share issue costs of $256,111. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one non-transferrable common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share at a price of $2.00 per common share until August 1, 2015. A finder's fee of $107,400 in cash and finder's warrants to purchase up to 48,000 common shares at a price of $1.50 per common share until August 1, 2015 was paid on a portion of the placement. The fair value of the finders' warrants was $15,361. In connection with the private placement, the Company also incurred $133,350 share issue costs. The proceeds of the private placement were allocated to share capital and reserves for warrants. The Company paid other share issue costs of $118,616.
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
The continuity of warrants for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 20112014 are as follows:
| Exercise | December 31, | Expired/ | December 31, | |||
| Expiry date | price | 2015 | Granted | Exercised | cancelled | 2016 |
| February 11, 2016 | $ 1.76 | 2,210,000 | - | - | (2,210,000) | - |
| February 11, 2016 | $ 1.12 | 49,410 | - | - | (49,410) | - |
| July 17, 2016 | $ 1.58 | 4,376,000 | - | (4,376,000) | - | - |
| July 17, 2016 | $ 1.32 | 186,000 | - | - | (186,000) | - |
| November 17, 2017 | $ 1.00 | 2,253,334 | - | (216,667) | - | 2,036,667 |
| November 17, 2017 | $ 0.77 | 35,200 | - | (35,200) | - | - |
| November 25, 2018 | $ 2.00 | - | 1,614,541 | - | - | 1,614,541 |
| November 25, 2018 | $ 1.44 | - | 45,944 | - | - | 45,944 |
Warrants outstanding and exercisable | 9,109,944 | 1,660,485 | (4,627,867) | (2,445,410) | 3,697,152 | |
Weighted average exercise price | $ 1.47 | $ 1.98 | $ 1.55 | $ 1.71 | $ 1.44 |
The weighted average remaining life of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2016 was 1.34 years (2015 – 0.77 years).
| Exercise | December 31, | Expired/ | December 31, | |||
| Expiry date | price | 2014 | Granted | Exercised | cancelled | 2015 |
| August 1, 2015 | $ 1.50 | 48,000 | - | - | (48,000) | - |
| August 1, 2015 | $ 2.00 | 2,000,000 | - | - | (2,000,000) | - |
| July 17, 2016 | * $ 1.58 | 4,376,000 | - | - | - | 4,376,000 |
| July 17, 2016 | * $ 1.32 | 186,000 | - | - | - | 186,000 |
| February 11, 2016 | * $ 1.76 | - | 2,210,000 | - | - | 2,210,000 |
| February 11, 2016 | * $ 1.12 | - | 49,410 | - | - | 49,410 |
| November 17, 2017 | $ 1.00 | - | 2,253,334 | - | - | 2,253,334 |
| November 17, 2017 | $ 0.77 | - | 35,200 | - | - | 35,200 |
Warrants outstanding and exercisable | 6,610,000 | 4,547,944 | - | (2,048,000) | 9,109,944 | |
Weighted average exercise price | $ 1.70 | $ 1.37 | - | $ 1.99 | $ 1.47 |
* On August 28, 2015, the Company adjusted the exercise price on outstanding warrants proportionately to reflect the value transferred to Almadex. The weighted average exercise price as at December 31, 2014 changed, from $1.65 to $1.70.
Expiry date | Exercise Price | December 31, 2013 | Granted | Exercised | Expired/ cancelled | December 31, 2014 |
July 17, 2016* | $ 1.50 | 4,376,000 | - | - | - | 4,376,000 |
| July 17, 2016 | $ 1.50 | 186,000 | - | - | - | 186,000 |
| August 1, 2015 | $ 1.50 | - | 48,000 | - | - | 48,000 |
| August 1, 2015 | $ 2.00 | - | 2,000,000 | - | - | 2,000,000 |
| 4,562,000 | 2,048,000 | - | - | 6,610,000 | ||
| Weighted average | ||||||
| exercise price | $ 1.50 | $ 1.99 | - | - | $1.65 |
28
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
12. Share capital and reserves (Continued)
Expiry date | Exercise Price | December 31 2012 | Granted | Exercised | Expired/ cancelled | December 31 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||
| January 17, 2015* | $ | 1.50 | - | 4,376,000 | - | - | 4,376,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| July 17, 2016 | $ | 1.50 | - | 186,000 | - | - | 186,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| - | 4,562,000 | - | - | 4,562,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| exercise price | - | $ | 1.50 | - | - | $ | 1.50 | |||||||||||||||||
*Expiry date is extended to July 17, 2016 and exercise Exercise price is increased to $1.80 per share if the warrants are not exercised by January 17, 2015.
Expiry date | Exercise Price | December 31 2010 | Granted | Exercised | Expired/ cancelled | December 31 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 17, 2011 | $ | 0.85 | 236,000 | - | 236,000 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| December 17, 2011 | $ | 1.40 | 1,180,500 | - | 1,180,500 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| March 16, 2011 | $ | 1.25 | 40,000 | - | 40,000 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| June 29, 2011 | $ | 1.20 | 24,999 | - | 24,999 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| 1,481,499 | - | (1,481,499 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| exercise price | $ | 1.30 | - | $ | 1.30 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
The weighted average fair value of finders' warrants granted during the yearyears ended December 31, 20132016, 2015 and 2014 calculated using the Black-Scholes model at issue date, are as follows:
| Weighted average assumptions used | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of warrants | Date of issue | Fair value per share | Risk free interest rate | Expected life (in years) | Expected volatility | Expected dividends | ||||||||||||||
| 186,000 | July 17, 2013 | $ | 0.58 | 1.39 | % | 3 | 55.95 | % | $Nil | |||||||||||
| Number of warrants | Date of issue | Fair value per share | Risk free interest rate | Expected life (in years) | Expected volatility | Expected dividends | |
| 45,944 | May 25, 2016 | $ 0.39 | 0.59% | 2 | 55.53% | $Nil | |
| 35,200 | November 17, 2015 | $ 0.17 | 0.38% | 2 | 47.77% | $Nil | |
| 49,410 | February 11, 2015 | $ 0.27 | 0.56% | 1 | 40.83% | $Nil | |
| 48,000 | August 1, 2014 | $ 0.32 | 1.00% | 1 | 49.30% | $Nil |
(d) Share purchase option compensation plan
The Company’sCompany's stock option plan permits the issuance of options up to a maximum of 10% of the Company’sCompany's issued share capital. Stock options issued to any consultant or person providing investor relations services cannot exceed 2% of the issued and outstanding common shares in any twelve month period. At December 31, 2013,2016, the Company had reserved 617,832766,544 stock options that may be granted. The exercise price of any option cannot be less than the volume weighted average trading price of the shares for the five trading days immediately preceding the date of the grant. The maximum term of all options is five years. The Board of Directors determines the term of the option (to a maximum of five years) and the time during which any option may vest. Options granted to consultants or persons providing investor relations services shall vest in stages with no more than 25% of such option being exercisable in any three month period. All options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 20112014 vested on the date granted. grant date.
29
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
12. Share capital and reserves (Continued)
(d)Share purchase option compensation plan (continued)
The continuity of stock options for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:
Expiry date | Exercise price | Dec 31, 2015 | Granted | Exercised | Expired / cancelled | Dec 31, 2016 | |
| May 6, 2016 | * $ 1.33 | 65,000 | - | - | (65,000) | - | |
| June 8, 2016 | * $ 2.89 | 2,145,000 | - | - | (2,145,000) | - | |
| July 14, 2016 | * $ 1.37 | 130,000 | - | (120,000) | (i) | (10,000) | - |
| August 15, 2016 | * $ 2.57 | 150,000 | - | - | (150,000) | - | |
| October 10, 2016 | * $ 1.23 | 150,000 | - | (150,000) | (i) | - | - |
| January 6, 2017 | * $ 0.98 | 1,180,000 | - | - | - | 1,180,000 | |
| May 4, 2017 | * $ 1.91 | 200,000 | - | - | (25,000) | 175,000 | |
| June 8, 2017 | * $ 1.98 | 75,000 | - | - | - | 75,000 | |
| August 26, 2017 | * $ 0.74 | 1,445,000 | - | (135,000) | - | 1,310,000 | |
| September 11, 2017 | * $ 2.31 | 500,000 | - | - | - | 500,000 | |
| November 22, 2017 | * $ 2.22 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 100,000 | |
| April 4, 2018 | * $ 1.74 | 90,000 | - | - | - | 90,000 | |
| May 6, 2018 | $ 1.41 | - | 100,000 | - | - | 100,000 | |
| June 8, 2018 | $ 1.44 | - | 1,915,000 | - | - | 1,915,000 | |
| June 18, 2018 | * $ 1.46 | 250,000 | - | - | - | 250,000 | |
| June 29, 2018 | $ 1.71 | - | 15,000 | - | - | 15,000 | |
| August 9, 2018 | $ 1.91 | - | 491,000 | - | - | 491,000 | |
| September 15, 2018 | $ 1.85 | - | 170,000 | - | - | 170,000 | |
| December 11, 2018 | $ 0.72 | 756,000 | - | (32,000) | - | 724,000 | |
| December 11, 2018 | $ 1.68 | - | 150,000 | - | - | 150,000 | |
| December 11, 2018 | $ 1.80 | - | 20,000 | - | - | 20,000 | |
| January 2, 2019 | * $ 1.04 | 375,000 | - | - | - | 375,000 | |
| July 2, 2019 | * $ 1.32 | 150,000 | - | - | - | 150,000 | |
| July 2, 2019 | $ 1.19 | - | 60,000 | - | - | 60,000 | |
Options outstanding and exercisable | 7,761,000 | 2,921,000 | (437,000) | (2,395,000) | 7,850,000 | ||
| Weighted average | |||||||
| exercise price | $ 1.65 | $ 1.55 | $ 1.08 | $ 2.81 | $ 1.29 |
30
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011 are as follows:2014
12. Share capital and reserves (Continued) |
(d) Share purchase option compensation plan (continued)
Expiry date | Exercise price | December 31, 2011 | Granted | Exercised | Expired/ cancelled | December 31, 2012, | ||||||||||||||||||
| March 25, 2012 | $3.90 | 45,000 | - | - | (45,000 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
| September 10, 2012 | $2.32 | 500,000 | - | (500,000 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| November 1, 2012 | $2.72 | 60,000 | - | - | (60,000 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
| November 15, 2012 | $2.68 | 100,000 | - | - | (100,000 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
| December 13, 2012 | $4.30 | 25,000 | - | - | (25,000 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
| March 17, 2013 | $2.35 | 40,000 | - | - | - | 40,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| April 12, 2013 | $2.36 | - | 25,000 | - | - | 25,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 29, 2013 | $0.68 | 125,000 | - | - | - | 125,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| May 4, 2014 | $2.18 | - | 65,000 | - | - | 65,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| July 13, 2014 | $1.96 | - | 170,000 | - | - | 170,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 22, 2014 | $2.53 | - | 60,000 | - | - | 60,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 25, 2014 | $0.81 | 150,000 | - | - | - | 150,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| January 4, 2015 | $1.14 | 1,040,000 | - | - | - | 1,040,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| June 21, 2015 | $1.00 | 240,000 | - | (100,000 | ) | - | 140,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| July 16, 2015 | $0.92 | 200,000 | - | - | - | 200,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| August 27, 2015 | $2.22 | 205,000 | - | - | - | 205,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| September 20, 2015 | $2.67 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 22, 2015 | $2.73 | 125,000 | - | - | - | 125,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| June 8, 2016 | $3.29 | 2,320,000 | - | - | - | 2,320,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| August 15, 2016 | $2.93 | 200,000 | - | - | - | 200,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| May 4, 2017 | $2.18 | - | 250,000 | - | - | 250,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| June 8, 2017 | $2.25 | - | 75,000 | - | - | 75,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| September 11, 2017 | $2.63 | - | 500,000 | - | - | 500,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 22, 2017 | $2.53 | - | 100,000 | - | - | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
Options outstanding and exercisable | 5,475,000 | 1,245,000 | (600,000 | ) | (230,000 | ) | 5,890,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| exercise price | $ | 2.39 | $ | 2.38 | $ | 2.10 | $ | 3.11 | $ | 2.39 | ||||||||||||||
The weighted average remaining life of stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016 was 1.13 years (2015 – 1.41 years).
| Expiry date | Exercise price | December 31, 2014 | Granted | Exercised | Expired / cancelled | December 31, 2015 | ||||||
| January 4, 2015 | $ 1.14 | 970,000 | - | - | (970,000) | - | ||||||
| February 22, 2015 | $ 2.26 | 20,000 | - | - | (20,000) | - | ||||||
| April 25, 2015 | $ 1.67 | 25,000 | - | - | (25,000) | - | ||||||
| June 21, 2015 | $ 1.00 | 140,000 | - | - | (140,000) | - | ||||||
| July 16, 2015 | $ 0.92 | 200,000 | - | - | (200,000) | - | ||||||
| August 27, 2015 | $ 2.22 | 205,000 | - | - | (205,000) | - | ||||||
| September 20, 2015 | * $ 2.34 | 100,000 | - | - | (100,000) | - | ||||||
| November 22, 2015 | * $ 2.40 | 75,000 | - | - | (75,000) | - | ||||||
| May 6, 2016 | * $ 1.33 | 65,000 | - | - | - | 65,000 | ||||||
| June 8, 2016 | * $ 2.89 | 2,270,000 | - | - | (125,000) | 2,145,000 | ||||||
| July 14, 2016 | * $ 1.37 | 150,000 | - | - | (20,000) | 130,000 | ||||||
| August 15, 2016 | * $ 2.57 | 150,000 | - | - | - | 150,000 | ||||||
| October 10, 2016 | * $ 1.23 | 150,000 | - | - | - | 150,000 | ||||||
| January 6, 2017 | * $ 0.98 | - | 1,180,000 | - | - | 1,180,000 | ||||||
| May 4, 2017 | * $ 1.91 | 225,000 | - | - | (25,000) | 200,000 | ||||||
| June 8, 2017 | * $ 1.98 | 75,000 | - | - | - | 75,000 | ||||||
| August 26, 2017 | * $.0.74 | - | 1,445,000 | - | - | 1,445,000 | ||||||
| September 11, 2017 | * $ 2.31 | 500,000 | - | - | - | 500,000 | ||||||
| November 22, 2017 | * $ 2.22 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 100,000 | ||||||
| April 4, 2018 | * $ 1.74 | 90,000 | - | - | - | 90,000 | ||||||
| June 18, 2018 | * $ 1.46 | 250,000 | - | - | - | 250,000 | ||||||
| December 11, 2018 | $ 0.72 | - | 756,000 | - | - | 756,000 | ||||||
| January 2, 2019 | * $ 1.04 | 375,000 | - | - | - | 375,000 | ||||||
| July 2, 2019 | * $ 1.32 | 150,000 | - | - | - | 150,000 | ||||||
Options outstanding and exercisable | 6,285,000 | 3,381,000 | - | (1,905,000) | 7,761,000 | |||||||
| Weighted average | ||||||||||||
| exercise price | $ 2.05 | $ 0.82 | - | $ 1.48 | $ 1.65 | |||||||
* On August 20, 2015, the Company adjusted the exercise price on outstanding stock options proportionately to reflect the value transferred to Almadex. The weighted average exercise price as at December 31, 2014 changed, from $2.29 to $2.05.
31
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
(d) Share purchase option compensation plan (continued)
| Expiry date | Exercise price | December 31, 2013 | Granted | Exercised | Expired / cancelled | December 31, 2014 | |
| May 4, 2014 | $2.18 | 65,000 | - | - | (65,000) | - | |
| July 13, 2014 | $1.96 | 170,000 | - | - | (170,000) | - | |
| November 22, 2014 | $2.53 | 60,000 | - | - | (60,000) | - | |
| November 25, 2014 | $0.81 | 150,000 | - | (150,000) | - | - | |
| January 4, 2015 | $1.14 | 970,000 | - | - | - | 970,000 | |
| February 22, 2015 | $2.26 | 20,000 | - | - | - | 20,000 | |
| April 25, 2015 | $1.67 | 25,000 | - | - | - | 25,000 | |
| June 21, 2015 | $1.00 | 140,000 | - | - | - | 140,000 | |
| July 16, 2015 | $0.92 | 200,000 | - | - | - | 200,000 | |
| August 27, 2015 | $2.22 | 205,000 | - | - | - | 205,000 | |
| September 20, 2015 | $2.67 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 100,000 | |
| November 22, 2015 | $2.73 | 75,000 | - | - | - | 75,000 | |
| May 6, 2016 | $1.51 | - | 65,000 | - | - | 65,000 | |
| June 8, 2016 | $3.29 | 2,270,000 | - | - | - | 2,270,000 | |
| July 14, 2016 | $1.56 | - | 150,000 | - | - | 150,000 | |
| August 15, 2016 | $2.93 | 150,000 | - | - | - | 150,000 | |
| October 10, 2016 | $1.40 | - | 150,000 | - | - | 150,000 | |
| May 4, 2017 | $2.18 | 225,000 | - | - | - | 225,000 | |
| June 8, 2017 | $2.25 | 75,000 | - | - | - | 75,000 | |
| September 11, 2017 | $2.63 | 500,000 | - | - | - | 500,000 | |
| November 22, 2017 | $2.53 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 100,000 | |
| April 4, 2018 | $1.98 | 90,000 | - | - | - | 90,000 | |
| June 18, 2018 | $1.66 | 250,000 | - | - | - | 250,000 | |
| January 2, 2019 | $1.19 | - | 375,000 | - | - | 375,000 | |
| July 2, 2019 | $1.50 | - | 150,000 | - | - | 150,000 | |
Options outstanding and exercisable | 5,840,000 | 890,000 | (150,000) | (295,000) | 6,285,000 | ||
| Weighted average | |||||||
| exercise price | $2.38 | $1.36 | $0.81 | $2.12 | $2.29 |
32
Expiry date | Exercise price | December 31, 2010 | Granted | Exercised | Expired/ cancelled | December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
| July 6, 2011 | $2.50 | 1,695,000 | - | 1,695,000 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 22, 2011 | $2.73 | 100,000 | - | - | 100,000 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| March 25, 2012 | $3.90 | - | 45,000 | - | - | 45,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| September 10, 2012 | $2.32 | 500,000 | - | - | - | 500,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 1, 2012 | $2.72 | - | 60,000 | - | - | 60,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 15, 2012 | $2.68 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 13, 2012 | $2.52 | 50,000 | - | 50,000 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 13, 2012 | $4.30 | 25,000 | - | - | - | 25,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| March 17, 2013 | $2.35 | 40,000 | - | - | - | 40,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 29, 2013 | $0.68 | 125,000 | - | - | - | 125,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 25, 2014 | $0.81 | 150,000 | - | - | - | 150,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| January 4, 2015 | $1.14 | 1,090,000 | - | 50,000 | - | 1,040,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| April 7, 2015 | $0.94 | 35,000 | - | 35,000 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| June 21, 2015 | $1.00 | 240,000 | - | - | - | 240,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| July 16, 2015 | $0.92 | 200,000 | - | - | - | 200,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| August 27, 2015 | $2.22 | 355,000 | - | 150,000 | - | 205,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| September 20, 2015 | $2.67 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 22, 2015 | $2.73 | 175,000 | - | 50,000 | - | 125,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| June 8, 2016 | $3.29 | - | 2,320,000 | - | - | 2,320,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| August 15, 2016 | $2.93 | - | 200,000 | - | - | 200,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
Options outstanding and exercisable | 4,980,000 | 2,625,000 | 2,030,000 | 100,000 | 5,475,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| exercise price | $ | 1.95 | $ | 3.26 | $ | 2.43 | $ | 2.73 | $ | 2.39 | ||||||||||||||
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Expressed in Canadian dollars
(d) Share purchase option compensation plan (continued)
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012,2016, 2015 and 2011,2014, calculated using the Black-Scholes model at grant date, are as follows:
Weighted average assumptions used
| Number of options | Date of grant | Fair value per share | Risk free interest rate | Expected life (in years) | Expected volatility | Expected dividends | ||
| 60,000 | December 21, 2016 | $0.42 | 0.83% | 2 | 70.18% | $Nil | ||
| 20,000 | November 2, 2016 | $0.69 | 0.54% | 2 | 68.31% | $Nil | ||
| 150,000 | October 6, 2016 | $0.57 | 0.60% | 2 | 68.47% | $Nil | ||
| 170,000 | September 15, 2016 | $0.70 | 0.58% | 2 | 68.08% | $Nil | ||
| 491,000 | August 9, 2016 | $0.76 | 0.50% | 2 | 67.52% | $Nil | ||
| 15,000 | June 29, 2016 | $0.87 | 0.54% | 2 | 66.44% | $Nil | ||
| 1,915,000 | June 8, 2016 | $0.62 | 0.54% | 2 | 64.68% | $Nil | ||
| 100,000 | May 6, 2016 | $0.52 | 0.54% | 2 | 63.84% | $Nil | ||
| 756,000 | December 11, 2015 | $0.29 | 0.40% | 3 | 55.79% | $Nil | ||
| 1,445,000 | August 26, 2015 | $0.20 | 0.53% | 2 | 58.76% | $Nil | ||
| 1,180,000 | January 6, 2015 | $0.37 | 0.56% | 2 | 52.37% | $Nil | ||
| 150,000 | October 10, 2014 | $0.40 | 0.99% | 2 | 51.09% | $Nil | ||
| 150,000 | July 14, 2014 | $0.46 | 1.08% | 2 | 52.55% | $Nil | ||
| 150,000 | July 2, 2014 | $0.83 | 1.47% | 5 | 66.05% | $Nil | ||
| 65,000 | May 6, 2014 | $0.42 | 1.08% | 2 | 52.61% | $Nil | ||
| 375,000 | January 2, 2014 | $0.76 | 1.43% | 5 | 68.01% | $Nil |
Total share-based payments expenses as a result of options granted and vested during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $1,869,010 (2015 - $950,740; 2014 -$565,800)
33
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
| Weighted average assumptions used | |||||||
Number of options | Date of grant | Fair value per share | Risk free interest rate | Expected life (in years) | Expected volatility | Expected dividends | |
250,000 25,000 90,000 20,000 100,000 | June 18, 2013 April 25, 2013 April 4, 2013 February 22, 2013 November 22, 2012 | $1.01 $0.51 $1.17 $.057 $1.58 | 1.62% 1.19% 1.62% 0.99% 1.37% | 5 2 5 2 5 | 78.71% 48.19% 78.27% 50.12% 77.91% | $Nil $Nil $Nil $Nil $Nil | |
| 60,000 | November 22, 2012 | $0.72 | 1.17% | 2 | 50.80% | $Nil | |
| 500,000 | September 11, 2012 | $1.76 | 1.22% | 5 | 77.87% | $Nil | |
| 170,000 | July 13, 2012 | $0.80 | 1.07% | 2 | 76.42% | $Nil | |
| 75,000 | June 8, 2012 | $1.63 | 1.20% | 5 | 74.66% | $Nil | |
| 250,000 | May 4, 2012 | $2.03 | 1.20% | 5 | 75.79% | $Nil | |
| 65,000 | May 4, 2012 | $1.05 | 1.00% | 1.5 | 75.79% | $Nil | |
| 25,000 | April 12, 2012 | $0.74 | 1.00% | 1 | 76.46% | $Nil | |
| 60,000 | November 1, 2011 | $0.86 | 0.99% | 1 | 78.13% | $Nil | |
| 200,000 | August 15, 2011 | $2.17 | 1.30% | 5 | 77.10% | $Nil | |
| 2,320,000 | June 8, 2011 | $1.89 | 2.10% | 5 | 76.58% | $Nil | |
| 45,000 | March 25, 2011 | $1.34 | 1.72% | 1 | 90.17% | $Nil | |
Key management includes members of the Board, the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the former Vice-President-Mining.Vice President, Corporate Development. The net aggregate compensation paid or payable to key management for services after recovery from Almadex (Note 13 (b)) is as follows:
| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||
| Salaries, fees and benefits | $ | 755,475 | $ | 740,208 | (i) | $ | 738,125 | (i) | |
| Share-based payments | 1,537,060 | 725,165 | 469,500 | ||||||
| Directors' fees | 41,000 | 48,000 | 48,000 | ||||||
| $ | 2,333,535 | $ | 1,513,373 | $ | 1,255,625 |
| (i) | For the year ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. |
i) ATW Resources Ltd. (“ATW”("ATW")
Almaden ownsowned a 50% interest in this company which holds title in trust for a mineral property. The Company has a director in common with ATW.the ATW project.
34
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
| 13. | Related party transactions and balances (Continued) |
Other related party transactions (continued) |
ii) Other
| (a) | During the year ended December 31, |
| (b) | During the year ended December 31, |
14. Income on Exploration and Evaluation Assets
| Year ended | ||||||||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||
| Sale of Yago, Mezquites, Llano Grande, San | ||||||||||||
Pedro, BP and Black Jack Springs properties | $ | (218,532 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | |||||
| Sale of Caballo Blanco property | (469,045 | ) | - | 10,801,320 | ||||||||
| Sale of Elk property | - | - | 4,266,166 | |||||||||
| Other | (28,429 | ) | 47,500 | 4,999 | ||||||||
| $ | (716,006 | ) | $ | 47,500 | $ | 15,072,485 | ||||||
| Year ended December 31, | ||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||
| $ - | $ 32,920 | $ 55,111 | ||
| $ - | $ 32,920 | $ 55,111 | ||
During the year ended December 31, 2013,2015, the Company paid $469,045received a 2014 British Columbia Mining Exploration Tax Credit ("BCMETC") refund from the formerly held Merit projects in the form of cash and shares as part of the consideration payable to obtain a reduction in a royalty with respect to a property interest in Caballo Blanco property. The payment and shares are the result of a 2011 royalty agreement that has been subsequently amended pursuant to an Amended Royalty Agreement.British Columbia, Canada.
Basic and diluted net (loss) incomeloss per share
The calculation of basic net (loss) incomeloss per share for the year ended December 31, 20132016 was based on the (loss) incomeloss attributable to common shareholders of $(6,356,609) (2012$4,023,504 (2015 - $(10,238,377); 2011$1,144,525; 2014 - $7,294,858)$14,982,667) and a weighted average number of common shares outstanding of 62,054,987 (201282,322,754 (2015 – 59,349,992; 201173,248,803, 2014 – 57,268,649).66,331,061)
The calculation of diluted net (loss)loss per share for the year ended December 31, 20132016, 2015 and 2014 did not include the effect of stock options and warrants as they are anti-dilutive. The calculation of diluted net (loss) per share for
35
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the yearconsolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2012 did not include the effect of stock options as they are anti-dilutive. The calculation of diluted net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2011 includes the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares, which comprise of 1,791,544 stock options2016, 2015 and 692,502 warrants.2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
| Supplemental cash flow information |
Supplemental information regarding non-cash transactions is as follows:
Investing and financing activities | December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 |
| Exploration and evaluation assets expenditures included in trade and other payables | $ 535,254 | $ 265,393 | $ - |
Contribution from spin-out assets; recognition of Exploration and evaluation cost reclassified from share capital | - | 184,169 | - |
Residual value of warrants classified to reserves from share capital | - | 180,267 | - |
Fair value of finders' warrants | 17,918 | 19,325 | 15,361 |
Fair value of shares issued pursuant to mill option agreement | - | 273,358 | - |
Fair value of finders' warrants transferred to share capital on exercise of finders' warrants | 5,984 | - | - |
Fair value of cash stock options transferred to share capital on exercise of options | 43,180 | - | 67,500 |
Fair value of cashless stock options transferred to share capital on exercise of options | 108,300 | - | - |
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |
| Investing and financing activities | |||
Fair value of share options transferred to share capital on exercise of options | $ 136,650 | $ 624,000 | $ 2,546,300 |
Fair value of warrants transferred to share capital on exercise of warrants | - | - | 711,305 |
Shares received on sale of Caballo Blanco property | - | - | 7,727,300 |
| Shares received on sale of Elk property | - | - | 10,206,250 |
| Shares received on sale of Dill property | 5,000 | 17,500 | - |
Shares received on sale of Yago, Mezquites, Llano Grande, San Pedro BP and Black Jack Springs properties | 220,000 | - | - |
Supplemental information regarding the split between cash and cash equivalents is as follows:
December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | ||
| Cash | $ 1,427,306 | $ 1,722,728 | |
| Term Deposits | 8,342,700 | 4,500,050 | |
| $ 9,770,006 | $ 6,222,778 |
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
| Cash | $ | 1,694,723 | $ | 11,187,358 | ||||
| Term Deposits | 10,300,050 | 5,300,050 | ||||||
| $ | 11,994,773 | $ | 16,487,408 | |||||
36
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
17. Income taxesTaxes
| (a) | The provision for income taxes differs from the amounts computed by applying the Canadian statutory rates to the net |
| December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |
| Income(loss) before income taxes | $ (4,023,504) | $ (1,549,125) | $ (13,143,185) |
| Statutory rate | 26.00% | 26.00% | 26.00% |
| Expected income tax | (1,046,111) | (402,773) | (3,417,228) |
| Effect of different tax rates in foreign jurisdictions | 343 | (8,855) | (79,333) |
| Non-deductible share-based payments | 485,943 | 247,192 | 147,108 |
| Other permanent items | 2,022 | 213,166 | 251,520 |
| Change in deferred tax assets not recognized | 3,518,776 | (574,942) | 3,832,705 |
| Impact of change in expected manner of recovery | 853,274 | (306,411) | 1,128,469 |
| Share issuance costs | (39,241) | (21,723) | (99,089) |
| True-ups and other | (3,775,006) | 449,746 | 75,330 |
| Deferred income tax (recovery) expenses | $ - | $ (404,600) | $ 1,839,482 |
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes | $ | (6,356,609 | ) | $ | (10,238,377 | ) | ||
| Statutory rate | 25.75 | % | 25.00 | % | ||||
| Expected income tax | (1,636,827 | ) | (2,559,594 | ) | ||||
| Effect of different tax rates in foreign jurisdictions | (98,395 | ) | (63,945 | ) | ||||
| Non-deductible stock based compensation | 98,352 | 428,749 | ||||||
| Other permanent items | 731,637 | 681,626 | ||||||
| Change in deferred tax assets not recognized | 3,864,161 | 1,757,082 | ||||||
| Impact of change in tax rates | (449,174 | ) | - | |||||
| Impact of deferred tax rates applied vs. current statutory rates | (5,211 | ) | - | |||||
| Share issuance costs | (119,339 | ) | - | |||||
| True-ups and Other | (2,385,204 | ) | (243,918 | ) | ||||
| $ | - | $ | - | |||||
| (b) | The Company's deferred income tax (recovery) expense and deferred income tax liability relates to the Mexican income tax and Special Mining Duty ("SMD") associated with the Tuligtic project. As a consequence of the Company's spin-out (Note 2), management has determined that the Company will most likely recover the carrying amount of the Tuligtic property through use rather than through sale. Before the spin-out was planned, it was management's expectation that the carrying amount of the Tuligtic property would be recovered through sale rather than through use. Given this change in expected manner of recovery, the Company has reflected the tax impacts in the 2016 financial statements as follows: |
| December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | ||
| Deferred tax assets | |||
| Non-capital losses | $ 4,570,832 | $ - | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | (6,005,714) | (1,434,882) | |
| Contingent shares receivable | - | - | |
| (6,005,714) | (1,434,882) | ||
| Net deferred tax liabilities | $ (1,434,882) | $ (1,434,882) |
37
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Expressed in Canadian dollars
17. 16. Income taxesTaxes (Continued)
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Non-capital losses | $ | 3,916,383 | $ | 1,916,686 | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 149,169 | 1,584 | ||||||
| 4,065,552 | 1,918,270 | |||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | (4,053,930 | ) | (1,881,220 | ) | ||||
| Contingent shares receivable | (11,622 | ) | (37,050 | ) | ||||
| (4,065,552 | ) | (1,918,270 | ) | |||||
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| (c) | Deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits for which no deferred tax assets have been recognized are attributable to the following: |
| December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | ||
| Non-capital loss carry forwards | $ 13,238,619 | $ 29,084,111 | |
| Capital loss carry forwards | 24,538,993 | 214,238 | |
| Exploration and evaluation assets | 8,221,842 | 3,687,607 | |
| Share issue costs | 548,690 | 657,206 | |
| Property, plant and equipment | 33,492 | 54,897 | |
| Cumulative eligible capital deduction | 545,623 | 586,691 | |
| Investment tax credit | 239,849 | 201,354 | |
| $ 47,367,108 | $ 34,486,104 |
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
| Non-capital loss carryforwards | $ | 14,470,998 | $ | 9,332,601 | ||||
| Capital loss carryforwards | - | 1,887,677 | ||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | 9,852,106 | 4,496,451 | ||||||
| Share issue costs | 554,002 | 406,198 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 251,308 | 136,964 | ||||||
| Cumulative eligible capital deduction | 130,693 | 120,906 | ||||||
| Marketable securities | 5,421,778 | 4,104,998 | ||||||
| Donations | 5,100 | - | ||||||
| $ | 30,685,985 | $ | 20,485,795 | |||||
At December 31, 2013,2016, the Company had operating loss carryforwardscarry forwards available for tax purposes in Canada of $4,468,535 (2012$13,184,889 (2015 - $2,020,008)$11,718,566) which expire between 20312032 and 2033, in the United States of $361,713 (2012 - $16,422) which expire between 2031 and 20332036 and in Mexico of $9,640,749 (2012$15,415,208 (2015 - $7,296,171)$17,365,545) which expire between 20142022 and 2023.2025.
The Company has entered into an operating lease for office premises through 2016.August 30, 2017. On January 29, 2013,2017, the Company entered into contracts with its Chairman and President for an annual remuneration of $240,000 and $265,000 respectivelysigned a new office lease effective JanuaryApril 1, 2013, for two years, renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months.2017 through to March 31, 2022.
As at December 31, 2013,2016, the remaining payments for the executive contractcontracts and the operating lease are due as follows:
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | Total | |
| Office lease | $182,890 | $148,410 | $150,884 | $154,182 | $155,006 | $791,372 |
| Executive contracts | 545,000 | 545,000 | 240,000 | 240,000 | 240,000 | 1,810,000 |
| $727,890 | $693,410 | $390,884 | $394,182 | $395,006 | $2,601,372 |
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office lease | $ | 75,000 | $ | 81,000 | $ | 6,700 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 162,700 | ||||||||||||
| Executive contracts | 505,000 | 505,000 | 505,000 | 505,000 | 505,000 | 2,525,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 580,000 | $ | 586,000 | $ | 511,700 | $ | 505,000 | $ | 505,000 | $ | 2,687,700 | |||||||||||||
38
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
19. Financial instruments
The fair values of the Company’sCompany's cash and cash equivalent,equivalents, accounts receivable and trade and other payables approximate their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
The Company’sCompany's financial instruments are exposed to certain financial risks, including currency risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk and commodity and equity price risk.
(a) Currency risk
The Company’sCompany's property interests in Mexico make it subject to foreign currency fluctuations and inflationary pressures which may adversely affect the Company’sCompany's financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The Company is affected by changes in exchange rates between the Canadian Dollardollar, the US dollar and foreign functional currencies.Mexican peso. The Company does not invest in foreign currency contracts to mitigate the risks.
As at December 31, 2013,2016, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through the following assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the applicable subsidiary:
| All amounts in Canadian dollars | US dollar | Mexican peso |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ 1,837,682 | $ 69,768 |
| Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses | - | 65,048 |
| Total assets | $ 1,837,682 | $ 134,816 |
| Trade and other payables | $ 187,513 | $ 70,841 |
| Total liabilities | $ 187,513 | $ 70,841 |
| Net assets | $ 1,650,169 | $ 63,975 |
| All amounts in Canadian dollars | US dollar | Mexican peso | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 567,239 | $ | 63,583 | ||||
| Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses | - | 66,870 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 567,239 | $ | 130,453 | ||||
| Trade and other payables | $ | 76,592 | $ | 165,638 | ||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 76,592 | $ | 165,638 | ||||
| Net assets (liabilities) | $ | 490,647 | $ | (35,185 | ) | |||
A 10% change in the US dollar exchange rate relative to the Canadian dollar would change the Company’sCompany's net incomeloss by $57,000.$165,000.
A 10% change in the Mexican peso relative to the Canadian dollar would change the Company’sCompany's net incomeloss by $6,000.
(b) Credit risk
The Company’sCompany's cash and cash equivalents are held in large Canadian financial institutions. These investmentsinstitutions, located in both Canada and Mexico. Cash equivalents mature at various dates during the twelve months following the statement of financial position date. The Company’sCompany's excise tax included in accounts receivables and prepaid expenses consists primarily of sales tax due from the federal government of Canada. The Company is exposed
39
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to credit risks through its accounts receivable.the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
19. Financial instruments (Continued)
(b) Credit risk (Continued)
To mitigate exposure to credit risk on cash and cash equivalents, the Company has established policies to limit the concentration of credit risk with any given banking institution where the funds are held, to ensure counterparties demonstrate minimum acceptable credit risk worthiness and ensure liquidity of available funds.
As at December 31, 2013,2016, the Company’sCompany's maximum exposure to credit risk is the carrying value of its cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
(c) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its capital structure.
Trade and other payables are due within twelve months of the statement of financial position date.
(d) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company is exposed to varying interest rates on cash and cash equivalents. The Company has no interest bearing debt.
A 1% change in the interest rate would change the Company’sCompany's net incomeloss by $120,000.$83,000.
(e) Commodity and equity price risk
The ability of the Company to explore its exploration and evaluation assets and the future profitability of the Company are directly related to the market price of gold and other precious metals. The Company has not hedged any of its potential future gold sales. The Company monitors gold prices to determine the appropriate course of action to be taken by the Company.
40
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Expressed in Canadian dollars
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities | $ | 1,058,661 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,058,661 | ||||||||
The Company considers its capital to consist of common shares, stock options and warrants.components of equity. The Company’sCompany's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’sCompany's ability to continue as a going concern in order to pursue the exploration of its exploration and evaluation assets and to maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the costs of capital at an acceptable risk.
The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may attempt to issue new shares and, acquire or dispose of assets.
In order to maximize ongoing exploration efforts, the Company does not pay out dividends. The Company’sCompany's investment policy is to invest its short-term excess cash in highly liquid short-term interest-bearing investments with short term maturities, selected with regards to the expected timing of expenditures from continuing operations.
The Company expects its current capital resources will be sufficient to carry its exploration plans and operations for the foreseeable future.
The Company operates in one reportable operating segment, being the acquisition and exploration of mineral resource properties.
The Company has exploration and evaluationCompany's non-current assets and property, plant and equipmentare located in the following geographic locations:
December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | |
| Canada | $ 89,950 | $ 96,610 |
| United States | 1,280,383 | 965,358 |
| Mexico | 36,969,158 | 30,547,138 |
| $ 38,339,491 | $ 31,609,106 |
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | |||||||
| Canada | $ | 2,562,469 | $ | 2,564,122 | ||||
| United States | 848,945 | 1,105,361 | ||||||
| Mexico | 22,138,805 | 14,250,441 | ||||||
| $ | 25,550,219 | $ | 17,919,924 | |||||
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||
| Professional fees | $ | 378,705 | $ | 483,250 | $ | 495,665 | ||||||
| Salaries and benefits | 537,837 | 535,081 | 296,544 | |||||||||
| Travel and promotion | 305,203 | 368,481 | 289,425 | |||||||||
| Depreciation | 303,390 | 325,995 | 271,061 | |||||||||
| Office and license | 200,252 | 183,256 | 260,187 | |||||||||
| Rent | 169,498 | 158,334 | 164,919 | |||||||||
| Stock exchange fees | 87,070 | 106,901 | 131,539 | |||||||||
| Insurance | 100,783 | 103,536 | 107,645 | |||||||||
| Transfer agent fees | 23,540 | 22,676 | 45,617 | |||||||||
| Directors fees | 48,000 | 39,000 | 33,495 | |||||||||
| Bad debt expense | - | 4,455 | - | |||||||||
| $ | 2,154,278 | $ | 2,330,965 | $ | 2,096,097 | |||||||
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Expressed in Canadian dollars
22. Subsequent events
On February 7, 2017, the Company completed a $3.4 million non-brokered private placement involving the issuance of 2,519,407 units at $1.35 per unit. Each unit consists of one common share of the Company and one-half of one non-transferable common share purchase warrant. Each Warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $2.00 per share until August 7, 2019.
On January 24, 2017, the Company received $100,000 on the exercise of 100,000 warrants with an exercise price of $1.00.
On January 6, 2017 and March 17, 2017, stock option holders exercised 350,000, 115,000 and 92,000 stock options on a cashless basis at an exercise price of $0.98, $0.74, and $0.72 respectively in accordance with the Company's stock option plan. The total number of shares issued in connection with the cashless exercise of options was 148,631.
On January 5, 2017 and January 6, 2017, the Company received $813,400 and $30,240 on the exercise of 830,000 and 42,000 stock options with an exercise price of $0.72 and $0.98 respectively.
On January 11, 2017 and March 17, 2017, the Company granted to employees, officers and directors, pursuant to its stock option plan, 1,427,000 and 207,000 stock options at exercise price of $1.34 and $1.35 per share expiring on July 2, 2019 and March 17, 2019 respectively.
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SIGNATURE
The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Registrant
Morgan Poliquin, CEO
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